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ʮʿ ߣ

ݼ飺
    һ˫ͫһѪԲ̫¼ΪյʮţһؽЦգ 
     
    ʿȼһԪ졢졢졢졢졢졢졢졢Ź졢ʮ졣 
     


1 ҳ
һδ˯ʹѣմľ⿴һۣٵش£˫һˮһѣվؽɴȥ
һ֮ڴһ֮ڳȻԼ˵糿ȴһʱ⡣
Ҵ﷿䣬ʼæġ𡢼ˮ棬һޱ죬ԲǵһЩˡ
ǣ
洫һ죬ȭʯľҶɶڳ糿Ƥ⡢ǣܹʿļ·ϸһ
ڻ﷿ڳݫļգұѵһϺȻ˼į̾һֽעڹڵݫ棬ȴһ⡪ݫ񳴹ˡ
հ緹ûУ˻һȵļʿʱҪʼˣҪһ㰡һöŮһƾ˻﷿
ùãϾͺˡջͷ¶һЦű̻ѬڵСϣձͽ׵ݸ
űѬڵСչ¶ĲЦݣûɵһᣬ̾ϢһǰһְܷܷＧղϵĻҳ
ϷеĹźתԺ󱳶żƽõͷһڷ̨ϣùã࣬ϴϴͺˣҲŪˡ
⺢ӣ˵ʲôأͻȻˣȻһΣѵ˼ǰסյļ޷ܣڼϼŸոû顪ϵںڡ
ȻûմˮڼĨĨȥûܽϵںȥһѿ
ùã˵˲òˣֶŪ˰ɣиж֪˭Լá
ϴһɫһȻգܱô˵㣬ô㣬ڹùУԶǼõĺӣ
֪ùҡЦЦ̧Сĵȥסյĳ⻬ϴüһֱ쵽ײĵ̺ۣᶨùãҿԶûΪ㱨𣬵һ취Ϊ㽫ĵ̺
ĵ̺ªС̾ϣƱòȫƻǰ̺۵ĺۼԿǱüָӲģ
̺ô󵱳˵ָһƤڣʹ֪
ʹһ棬ʹ˾
һŮˣһòŮ˵񶾵ıĪڴˣ
˵ˣùֻҪ֪ľ͹ˡ˸ЩңϽóյĵ̺סŰＧսͷͼС˰ںã߰ɣЩҵĴС˿ɶûʲôԣҪȵüˡ
߬ԽԽָݽֱо׶İĴʹɿһҵľƽհʣµļĬĬظڼ߳﷿

ŷ
ϰżСˣͷǰһࡣ
ˡʤλϯǼӼ껺ꡢ껹㣬ӼХ֡ұߵһǼʤŮƣȻǼ껹ĴŮ磬껺СŮС
ҷϯλ⣬˿Ů˿ңӦߣǴҲֻܹŲұߣͼŮΪ顣
һСӣ껺ꡢ껹˵ϡϣҲڵͷȴš
Ǽˣ˼ţûʸϴ棬ŵԶֻռġ
мˡʤڣһȽϰ˲ﶼտڣǹء
һԷ
գȼһСƬݫ񣬾׽һ£üͷҲû˵ʲôһӣ̳꣬ڼСζ
һͻȻոæźͼƽһʱȻһ˵ݫˡ͵͵˼һۣûʦ˼ղŰһ
ˣֿһƬݫǰϣݺݵص˶ļһָۣϽͷͺࡣ
ݫ񳴹ˣС⺢ӣҲǵġֵĸ׼껹ЦΪӿѡҼҹڷոռֵΪǲ죬껹¸׼ӣװؽƵϡ
ǳˡ껺˵ͷƳǱߴͷļһۣհ´οҪһŶ
֪ˣ󲮡һὫպãԲµġյͷһ˿ŭȴº͵
ѵ
յүүʤصؽеĴ£ͻȻŭղղˣ֪ղˣüжֵֻͼ¹㻹ʲôϢ
˶٣ʤմͷһԣһӣٴŭ֪йţŪһ࣬ɾ·ʶ壡﷽䣬ʤеĿӶˣһվ
ʤıЩͻأûκԤףʱ꣬㶵ؿ
֮ǰݺݵص˼һ۵ļֻ֣Хˣһ²ؼģգֻЩֵżʤΪΪôһС·ôŭ
껺ꡢ껹Σ࣬ԱСϵǵϡˣͷϹŲײЦ
ֻмԱߵļСӵᳶһ¼½ǣͬ顣
վηżʤȻҪʼղܹۼԪκ˲ΪֱϵӵܣΪÿշѾˣżһҲ⣬Ҫ
ȡһֱͷļˣʱ̧ͷ꣬ȴûվ˼żʤüܣΪղܹۼԪΪʿֿշǷÿʳġҲֻҵֲܹʡҪǲϲҸ滻ˣαôأ
ֱŵģյĲ˷ǲϲԣʤݺݵص˼һۣ˦־ߣŵ૵СյĲ˺óԣҾ
껺꣬տʼСۼÿʳڼʤӰδʧ֮ǰ˶ԴӼ껺ȵ
֪ˣ껺ͷӦŵƳһ۵ͷһԲļգһ˿á
ˣǿ꣬ȥɽ׼ĸСˣغ죡׼뿪ͻȻɨ˼һۣһ£üͷվʰӣҲܹۼԪεĲνգӰһΣʵﵽת˲
һߣ껺ꡢ껹㿴һֻۣǶԼƵ˵ͷʪĨһҲ漴ȥǱ˵ϡϽ
Ȳʰ㣬ߣֺݺݵص˼һۣҲ˲üԷˣԵʱֻܹ˵һ䡣ȻźͼХһ𼱴Ҵҵɽȥȥ˻ᱻغ졣
ո磬ֳָ£үүģİС˳յ½ǣĴ۾ԲԲССοա
С㲻뱻غɣüͷȼտھȵƺϲСͼնӴһץסСû˵꣬Ӳק⳶
ССͷԼջ˻֣żһⱼȥ
ŷֻʣͼ˵ʱһֱ׵ļսһȸɸɾ̧ͷϾȻŵЦݣ·ܱʤӰ죬꣬費
գҪүүңĲǹùãүү˶ˣƲ̾һĵ
ùãȻ֪үүôΪҡԼҲΪүүˣΪҿʡЩȻҪô󹦷򡣡̾Ϣ
ôһ˵ȻʧЦյͷο⺢ӣǱǼС쵰£ô˷ģҪгһܹۼԪʿҿǼ쵰һȲ㣡


2 
ɽ̫ߣԼĪֻɣɽɫʯ
£ůɽȴû̲ʻֻмӲҡճӲӽҫɽϣɫʯ£仯Ϊɫɽš
ɽɽţٶڵȺʲô
ʱӰԶ֣һ˳֣ӭȥС֮
˰æ֮гǰμҼҶɵĲˡ֮ǰŷ̬߸ϵļˣʱ΢΢ӣЦ
ˡҳǳԶɽЦŻȻԽˣ䵽ļʤŮϣ΢΢˵ͷȻź͹ܼۿһ߹
ɽ£Զɽ̧ͷ˿ҵɽЦ˵ɽ˵ߣǶȥеΣհ
ɽ½ǼʾʮȣͻļӲңûʲôŽĵط˵ˣԳҪɽɡ
ܹĥЩСЦЦܣ˼ֱϵ֮⣬һЩϵҲˣŵ˵ͷȴǶԶɽ˵˼ȻˣǾͿʼˣ
ǺǣÿʼˣҪԶɽ
δӣ׼ˣһ˭ȴ嵽ɽ˭ʸ񵽲ؾ¥죬ɷľ¥ڵʿؾؼڶ嵽ɽģڲؾ¥ڶ졣ûΣֻҪܹɽģҲȥؾ¥һ죬ѡһʿؾؼ˷ˡ
мֱϵϵŮĥȭɫε˷뼤
Ϊĵطǲؾ¥ˣʿؾؼؾһӵߵʿţؼԪйĸֶּΡ
ؾؼԪֶΣศɣȱһɡ
ܹڲؾ¥õʺԼؾؼʿĵ·ܹ·ʵһڱ˵ǰ档
Уؾ¥ǲطؾؼĵطƽԲ⿪ţֻһȵļҲжӵܣʸڲؾ¥죬ѡʺԼʿؾؼ
죬һȵļҲ
ӵŮŮʮ˾ۼɽ£ЩӵУֱϵļХ֡硢ССǰĲХһٶڲؾ¥죬Ľ죬ХѾͻ죡
ʿʮ磬ΪһԪǡšСϡǡԡŹʮ
Ϊʿÿͻһµľ磬ͻϽһոµأÿ족֣ƩһԪͱΪһԪ죬ǾΪ죬ơ
ǰХһԪǻʼղͻƣ֮һεĲжڲؾ¥졣
ֻʱ䣬֪Хڵʲôô֮󣬵߳ؾ¥ʱ򣬾ȻѾͻ֮
ڵڶؾ¥ļˣҲջ
һԪ֮ҪܽԪתÿһ䣬Ϊ׶ΣԪƤ⡢衢ͷԣֻԪ׶һһˣпͻ졣
ǰˣֻܹԪѣڲؾ¥죬֮ȴ⿨ǣܹԪͷԣֻһζ򣬾ͻˡ
һʵǰмҶɣؾ¥ʥ
ԼҶ˵ؾ¥һ̥ǵĵطÿĲͳڴΪ˽죬ڻϣܹȡøΣýؾ¥졣
ʱҶһƽϢ̧ͷɽվĽǶȣ׷׽˫ְͻƴ͵ȼһˡ

ʱ̤̤ĽŲԶչҫֳһ£Сϴɾˡ
˾׼ʼˣȻּһµĸˣһ£ƺüյ¸ˣ̲סüͷʵգ˵˽Ĳ㲻ô
ǰҳǳԶɽۿֶԼˡʤȼҳһһ񣬽һһգղſżˣĿ峺үҽʮߣռҹ棬ӦҲвμӵʸˡ
һȵļҲռļӵܣŮֻҪﵽʮ궼ʸμӡǰʮ꣬ûʸμӣĽ죬ʮ꣬ǹˡ
ͣҲҪμӲǷˣ
ʲôЦԪۼμӲ𣿡
ѽҶԪˣһβˤ밡
ϵɽŹأһʼˤˡ

յһ£ԱЩƴļҶɣмЦ
źߡһЩ۷׷׵Ȼֹ
ЩҶһ۾˵գռҹǹʸˡֻǣܹۼԪ㣬μǿȵĲƺЩ̫ʡҪˣܹκ˰ֻܹԼɽ˵߲ߣ˵ҲӴ˵ȥǼΪͣһֻܲ˰
֣Ӽճ֮󣬾һֱļʤͻȻŭһ˫ĿԲżպȵ㵱ǶϷÿһεĲޱգһˤȥԪĶҪˣ壬;ˤ£ֻ·һ
գԣԪۼùû취ʱ嶯лңæȰ˵ԶһļҶɶ£ʱðʧŶԡ
үүԣһֱļգѵ峺˫ֱżʤη壬ᶨ
УԲУʤŭ飬ҾӦ
ҳǳԶɽʤֿ˿峺ļգͻȻЦóԺˣİɣվ¡
ƺΪüʤģԶɽһһɫǹıǹۼǳģƥһĳǹɽתһȦһĥһСɽңǹ֮ʱ׷ױΪ촷ۣƮɢ
Զɽֻһǹ⣬ɽһȦͽɽϽٿȫΪ촷ۡ
ֶΣһСȫˣ
˫Զɽո֣ҪϵĽ·Ҫһ
мѣҧزԼȴļΪң⡭ʿô澪춯أ
ʿ˾ȵ
һһĽضԶɽЦϲˣû뵽ʱͻƵǡ֮ľ硣ʿܹգгڣЩСӾˡ¶ˡ
Ǽһ֮ҲֻǸʿˡ
ǰո̤֮ĿǰҲֻܹࡢǣࡢǵǿ԰գҲ㲻ʲôԶɽ΢΢һЦ漴Ƴ˼ʤһۣʤҿųգ÷˰ɣ
ллˣʤһԼպǳ
΢΢л塣
֪Զɽʧٶĸ׼йһν飬ˣ˳ƺԶɽΪȴ壬ԶɽԼҪ
ԶɽЦŵ˵ͷ䵭ؿ˼һۣʵԿʼ˰ɣ
գԼѡһطɡ˷Ըһ䣬ߵһӰϡ١ΪƫƧĵطվãȵ嶥


3 
һ£ҶҰһֱɽɽȥ
ȥļХһȣԳһͻңܹϳһɣȻ˫ְһϣʹ͵һְθһɣֻһѾ
֡˽Ȼ缧ХôоȴҲǼһ֣Ԫת֫ϣֽ֡ſԽңƾһһŵܳסӣȵشڼХ档
ڼ֮֡ЩϵЩ˴ֻԪתƤ⡢ĵزһĸߴ׳۳ԪҲٵĸϡ
ȽǰļХ֡˶ԣжеĴϢЩȣЩ˶ͷҲʼԪ
ȻһֱϵӵʵҪϵҪࡣ
귽ʮ壬һβμӲļСҲֲףһ·лЦͣƺͷһεƨɷǳȤ
ɼˣҲû̫󣬵һβμӲһ·ЦŽż粻ţ֮ҲֻǸʮɾ롣
мҶɶî˾ƴɽȥΪܹڲؾ¥죬˶Ǵ˿ѱȼȫ飬ȿֱֺ塣
ЩУǱԶԶļգȴԵЩˡȽϼХǿٶȣٶֻܹáݣ
վĶʹ˫ֿ۽һʯΪͻȽסˣŴһͻʯȻһСŲӣķŵҵĽ棬ڳ˫ѡһͻҽ֧š
վֽͨ׵ķʽһһӡأɽȥ
ҶѷһҲ˼ʮɡ
ڼջǶţһŲӵʱļХѼǶ
ɽ£ԶɽˡʤƵ̧ͷһɽļҶɡ
ۿӼХһȼǶǹһ˿οЦݣţһƶŵļգƶʮɾȻѴ죬ڻԵĲԶüͷƺüǵԶɽڿҶ
һ£Щͷ˵գʵڲУɣСǿȵĲĲӦòμӵģ
û£Ա߿ءϷԶļճջӦһ䣬ʳ麹ֽŲãѵһ
治Ǽˣ껹Сֹһ䣬˳׳ÿһ溺ӡȴƫƫݹᾣװ׾һСһ󲡣治֪ǲʲôطӵǼҵġ
껹㣡ʤŭһ˵ʲôֽϵģǲӣѵһֲ壿
ү˵ġһʤŭ껹һϽЦӣƺر¼ʤ
˭ҽҵһʤһ˫صڼ껹ϣ˳ɨ˲Զϡһۡ
ԱߵҳǳԶɽüͷһ壬ƺǳϲ껹һ仰ƺǼҵļ£ǲûв졣
үүҵˣڴʱɽɽ˼ХʮĴڼ֡ǲų嵽֮ʱ򣬼ХѾ嶥
ԣЦһѺ룬οͷХ⺢û͵ֱǰ࣬嶥ٶҲ˽һ
ѽΪܹŮһϳ̣Хѵ˷ʳĵزˣ껺Ц˵ܹд˳ɾͣӵȻˡ
ƺԼХ⣬ԶɽЩм䵭ǰɽͣѩѾͷҪ۹ûĻѩѾͷӦͻƵ֮ˣ
ˡ껺ӣԶɽôһ˵Ц͵ؽסˣɫǳ˲Ӭһ㣬ͻȻѿŲεؾߡãȻš
˵ǰХѩСǺǣǼҺɽҵĶԹҲ֪һЩҲ淢ʲôХҪѩһϳ̣ڵʵǻ࡭Զɽ
Х֮ǻԷȴѾͻ죬һ磬Ҫٴν֣ذɣ
뾳֮Ĳ蹵֮ʿʤ֮ʿһѡֿݵģ
졭졭ѾͷӦҲŸոʮɣôܣǰѾͷŸոմﵽ֮͸ֻ꣬갡Ȼܹٴͻƣ⡭⻹һ˾ľ밡껺ʧǵ
˵ǣҲûһЦݣһѿ
£һ˽ţѩѾͷˣԶɽ˶塣

үڼˡ껺ӳĬԵʱ򣬺ԶɽһĹܼۿͻȻԶ˻֡
Զɽһ㶣Լˡ껺˱ǸЦЦۿǱȥۿǰԶɽɻʵôʲô㾪ȣ
˲֪ۿʵԶɽ᲻֪
ȻͬΪʿۿʵڼ֮֮ϣ
ۡ֡Ͼۿ͸ֻԼľѪ־һԼۿܸһﵽ֮ˣ
ʵ֮߳⣬ۿĶҲԶɽǳһطƽۿʲô鶼С֣ȴԶɽȻ÷ǳ֡
ү㿴ۿһָָ档
˵ľȣۿദԶɽȻ֪ۿСʲô˼⼸ۿѺľˡˣԶɽɻĸ˳ۿָȥ
ۿָķλȻǼѡ㣡
Ӵһ·ϣʮɷλ漧ջڼѵŲţۿָƶָķһ·ϣۿƶָԽǻڼļʱͻȻͣһ£ȻϷƶָɽɽͣס
ۿָƶԶɽ۾Ҳƶ
ǰЩ⣬ۿָ䵽ϣͻȻͣһʱԶɽƺʶʲô
һȻĬĬһ£ɫͻȻ


4 ʶ
ɽ£ۿ˫âڣŻڼļա
ԶɽɫޱأۿһĿؾۼڼϣһ˼ı顣
үӦҲˡϹܼۿһľƽŵܹһʯԽһʯΪ岻ǿԾµһ˲ץץʯԣֻѰҽԼֽÿԹŵʯƶӡ
ǶɽƼΪͣɢͻʯ벻ȣеĽ࿿еľȴɣұΪܹڿƶλˣûɽĿܣ϶ļգܿͻΪҲʯò;
һۿȻһһٵǣҵóϣο´ˣ
ͣһ£ۿŵͺȵҵһƾͻʯʯ֮ľǶĵ·ɽͻʯǧ飬ÿһʯ֮ľ붼һովɽֻؿһۣȻҵһȷ·һ㲻Լķ˿󣬼ᶨسɽȥԣۿʲ磡
ԶɽһۣۿȻûмѾͷҸҿ϶ѾͷԲд
Զɽأżգһͷȥ
ۿ˵ָֻ̬ƽֻһ˫ԵӣȴʼոǼļղš

һһĻɽɽԶɽۿһмӵܣϵֱϵѾǶһβһ겢û̫仯ǼХַֻڶ
Ƕ֮Щ֮ܣ˷ܻʧĶһһطɽţվ˼ЩҳԣҪôҪôͣƤЦ˵Ÿոյɽʱľա
ȻЩػɽŵļӵܣ·ͻȻʲôЦ飬һЦָɽһ붼δʵļգżڼѵƶһǲмӣ׷ײεؼЦ
Ҿ֪һһǵ׵ģ㿴ֱŵӣʵ̫Цˣ
ءҪˣΪİûǸʵȻҲμӲ治֪СЩʲô˼ѵ֪ʲô𣿡
޴Ȼڳ˶ۣԺҳˣߣ˵棬Ҳˣ

ǰÿʱһļ˶رݣһôࡣողɽѩﵽ֮ʱҲ˲
ۼмӵܶԶɽǶһЩɻشԶɽ
Զɽԣ˹Զɽֿ˿ܼۿɻˣƺ̫ΪʲôԶɽۿ˻ͬʱżա
һԶɽۿע˶ͬʱõԼһ࣬ЩԣϽЦĲѾˣҲˡǺǣѵǼһˣԸ㷹ߡ
ǻһû𣿡һĹܼۿָָļգ֪ʵʵѵǼӵܣ
ΣڨڨЦһŽ͵㿴ڻûгϰɽȲܹܲ嵽ɽٶȣܹ嵽ɽҲҪںüʱ֮ˡ˹æ̫ˡ
ʱүүʤùüҲ˹ʤƺҲ˺ȼһЩףҪȥ÷ɣûõļһ
ãҲæҵȵ𣡡
֮⣬ԶɽûаռʤȥԷüͷҪ
仰һ䣬ԶɽͲȥˣҲм٣Ǻۿһ𣬼רעɽɽһƶŵļա
Զɽһ˾ǲԸҲٶ˵ʲôֻܹЦԶɽ䣬ȻһżսʣµǶޱ·ꡣ
˲мٶֻܹһǶЩոڲкķ̫ļӵܣʱӶķһֽУ˲ҲֻܹżȥһдգۿţһѵǰС
ո硭᲻ˤССӣȴĵص˵һ䡣
û£гڣˤҲµġȻһЦССЦ˵
Ȼϲ껹һңǶԼСȴ⣬ֻʮļС派ӣǳ
Ŷ㲻˵ҶˡԶɽԴƺͻȻʲôͳһöҫͺӣӾӨ͸лţһ뿪ԶɽĽΧ¶֮
վڼ껹ԣһֱͷصϣԶɽȡһöӣƺӦʲô͵ԲͻȻ˫ضеĺӲš
ԪҼѾͷˮ鱦ģ˵лл塢¡ǺǣѾͷСûͺͶԵˣԺȥҳҹܽѾͷĻˡ㼸ûҶ߶Ҷ챻ˡԶɽЦ˵߽еĻԪӲ
죬Ԫ飡ǿܹӺʥȸͨıﰡһʶļϵӵܣ̲סˡʤ˶ɫ죬ԶɽԪӲơ
껹ۼԶɽԪӲƣ۾ֱҪ̰Ŀôβס
̫ˣⶫҲգƺһæܿ
ԶɽɫһⶫҸģѾͷü죬Ŵˮ鱦˻ģҪǲգȥ֮Ҫַɣ
ɡǡ֣֪˵ʲôá
ȥģ쾳磬ǺʥȸͨԪİʡԶɽԪӲƣ⺢ӣ⼸ˣһԪѣ㲻ʲô
ǱߵϣŻԪ飬ӶҪɳˡ
ͼһҲ֮Ҳרźʥȸͨˣ˭֪Ԫͼжİ
껹㳶˳ϣݺݵصһۣڼ껹£ϲǿе̰ȥеĻԪ顣
ƽԶɽͲ˵ˣֺۿһ䵽ϡ
Զɽ˲˲ҳ˼ʤ֮⣬һСҶ
ʤΪյүүؼʱҶ
ˣмСֱϵϵʮ˶۰Ͱ͵شɽ£Զɽһɺš
һģȻֱӺĵϼ졣
ųصӣջ£Ƶϼ£Ϳһ壬ƾһɲĵͷһһӡޱȵĵɽ
һشػȾ죬ϼ£յӰɽɽϼһɫ
쳤ХȴȻɽΧˣ۵Ѽѵļգǲ죬峺ظɽţſȺΰͦεҳ֮Զɽ
ʱԶɽңң˴Ĵָ
ԭΪڵԭ򰡣һͻȻתأԳЦЦ
ɽһС˵ӰպȻֽ˲ڽŵ׵ԶɽĴĴָһֱϿɵԺСȻ
ֹסеļͻȻȴı࣬¶׵ݣųЦݣسɽµԶɽ֣
һ̣ʱĽļգǱһˣɽϼһɫЦѲɷ

⺢ӣǿݲԶɽ̾һ䣬Ϊһ̹âĿļնȣһ̵ļգӦòļգ
˺һԶɽְԼ䵭ʱ̫ˣһҪϽȥͲڼ÷ˡҲȼͺۿһҳǵķȥ
˲׼ſȴԶɽۿ߳ɣǶЩ֪롣
ĽҪܶ黹Ҫ԰ţ˼Զɽûڼ÷˼ҲֻܹաǼ˲׷ϣæŵýӵܣǰؾ¥ѡʿؾؼ

ү治ܹۼԪȥ·ϣۿͻȻһ䡣
Ƕͽ˼˰ɣԶɽȻһ̾ؿŹܼۿ⺢Щ⣬㻹ǳͷɡ˵ˣնʮˣܹۼԪ˵ܹΪʿͱˡ
дǻۡƽƫƫܹۼԪϧһúӡۿҲҡͷ̾Ϣҳǵʱ򣬻ʱʱͷȥɽ
ոɽɽϼ֮£ֵ꣬һɲǼѲۿ˲ĥӡ


5 ؾ¥
ңؾ¥
ʮλܹ߽ؾ¥ľͼѰԼۼԪİ취
˲ؾ¥ȴЩãȻ֪ˡ
ÿۼԪʱ򣬶ܹоʹĪֿ̹ĵʹôǿңڼ;ֱʹĻʹȥ
Ȼˣʮȴ
ֻҪ΢ָǼԣ׶ĵʹһδεؾۼԪ
ܶʱ򣬼ԼԼܸоԪתһʱӾͻᴫһ󲻿ɵֵľʹ˲ʣ
֮ûԪתļԼֻڻ֮ǰһǼ
ʮԶٴΣһ
Ϊԭ򣬼ղŻСಡԽŬԾۼԪԽһ첻һ졣ҹ˯мնܹоʹȻ˯оͱֱӸʹѣ
Ҷɴûϵ㻹ܹۼԪҲǿ׳ЩѾԾۼԪӵܣھۼԪĹд泩ˬģûһôѣôʹ಻
쳣֪ʲôԭɡСʱ۰үүʤڷΪۼԪ޹֮ҲòεķĬܹΪʿʹʵ
˶ˣɼԼȴδ
ʮ֪жٸҹնһĬĬؾۼԪ׶ĵʹ࣬һسԣֱʲŰݣ
ȻһָһμŬһλʡ
һ죬֪вؾ¥طʿؾؼĵط֮ͽؾ¥Ψһϣվ˲ؾ¥棬һ鼮ҪϵȥܹԼ侲ңʲô顣
ؾ¥һ̴࣬ľϣϡϡİڷһ顣
շһ£ȴְڷ̴ľľ飬ǲʿ磬˵һЩ顣
ʿؾؼľ飬ֻкһ֣һ㶫ǸСϡ
ʱһΧΧ˼ҶɣҪȥǲס
տŽΧˮйͨļҶɣĬĬ˼ŸʲôȥȻδȼտǱߣ͸оһɴӿ⧲֮£һԣ䡱б˼Ĳȣһƨ˵ϡ
ҵңһһ̵ײڵأȻؿ˼һۣЦȻҲؾ¥ߣΪһݫ񣬲źұˣƫƫڲʱ㾹ȻҪǼСȫŶӵ㣡㼧ʲôôļӰ
գְƳһЩΧһ㶫ŷĵһʿؾؼļϵ֮һۣ˷ʱ䣬ŵŵšؾ¥ڶȥ
ڼ֮󣬼Х硢СЩֱϵ֮ҲŽˡ
ո磬ôˣСɰضԼСͷҡСִк
ողŴӵļǿЦЦԼС˵ͷȴûж˵ʲô
˼С֮⣬Х˶δ࿴һۣмХֱӡŵŵɡһȥǰͦأ߰ڼСһ㶫ǡ
֮ǰһ㶫Χˮйͨļϵ֮ܣһżС˹Ȼ㼷ҡҼ㣬ӲǰƴһСڳλóһֺõЦü硢С˽
ҼҹɭϣֱϵڼĵλԶԶ߹ϵȻܹۼԪļգһ⡣
ֱϵܹۼԪΪʿʵ˵ļңҲֻܹӲдû˿취
Х֡硢Сĸ˵ӡŮܹ֮ĶԴЩϵӵܣΪǱֱϵ֮⣬ҪĻűϵǿĶʿʵ
ἧХһֱ߸ϵļ硢СŮҲЩϵǿ
Ĳ硢С˷ֻġԶԶϵӵ˦ں棡
⣬ǿıǮ
ҼҹһҲҪһҹ棬ʵΪ
ϵӵܣֻҪųԽֱϵӵܵʵҲһֱϵӵǰҫû˸˵ʲô
ҹǶյүүʤ׹ùüƣҲòĬʵֻܹһЩ޵ķʽΪȡһЩ档
ո磬Ҳ֮ǰ˵㶫ϵؼؼãСڶվ֮󣬿ɰسżջ֣СŬ˿Ҫٸڸλó
ͻȻǱ߶Ǽϵӵɱ˰Ŀ⣬һ͵˼աЩżգмһӦҪָɵյ˼
ǲҶԼС˵Щʲôֻܹвա
ҶɱĴ׳ߴΪܹڳλø硢СˣѽһˣʱټһսǾͲֻһˡҪһųɣ
뼸㱧ҡұ㣬޼ӣԼö񺮣
ջʶȤЩϵ֮Ҫɱ˰ɭĿ£ЦŶԼСҡҡͷԾܾˣȿ
С쿴һأΨּСԣҪżսϽһʿؼݸ˼С
ŶСûټ֣עһӾͱеġ˹ȥ
꼧Сǵһιؾ¥һж˵ô棬ܿ˹Χվŵļա
죬һʱ䣬һлᣡһ߬ȭͷ


6 Ȩ
һ죬նûҵκλһСʱڣֻܹԱתƣһЩʿɺ;绮ֵľ顣
ղһ
һʱ䣬ЩӰ˽ʿ绮֣ԪĻ鼮Էһ顣
νʿܹ֮ߣ
ʿʮ磬ΪһԪǡšСϡǡԡŹʮʮ󾳽硣
ʮ󾳽磬ÿһ綼жص߽֮֮ǡ£ǳΪΪ
շĵЩ鼮ֻǴԵĲһЩʿĻȴֻδᣬһ鼮·ȴûҵҪؾ
ܿ죬ɫؾ¥֪Ӻʱ𣬾ȼ˼յ͵ơ
ֱʱЩҶɲŸоһʿؾؼЩҶɣ˿ʼͲס뻹ʱԹ㲻ģ½½뿪˲ؾ¥
硢Сֵ֧ҹҲǷ죬϶ʵڶܣҲȥˡ
һļ֡Ҳƣ¥һƣ񲻼ãӦڶ¹һ๦μҲҼ鷳мƳһۣͺͼ˲˲ؾ¥
أؾ¥ԽԽ٣һ㶫ڿճһλá
ΧεһļգϢؽϴͷ׽£峺۾һһ
ˣ
ǳʱʱһ׷ʱ̣ڲؾ¥ЩϵӵܣȻҲʼزһ
èӣСܹܺ˯ϵӵܣϢվ˰Ϳ׼˵λ棡
һָشһ飬͵һΪԪ
ؾԪؼпϲǿסеļϽע֪ʱ䲢ࡣ
һҳΧ׵УĬ
֮󣬼չϵؽԪŻԭִһ飬ΪŭһԪйʿؼ
ֻǷһҳȷʿؼؾ֮󣬼û˿ɣٵؽŭַŻԭ
ż⣬ڸߴֳһΪϴ񾭡ʿؾ
һϲСؽϴ񾭡ģյ𴦣Żɫ⣬ֿʼĬ

ɫҪʱ򣬵һЩʿؼѿı
ֱؾ¥洫ʱ򣬼ղЩؽһδľķŻԭԱϵӵԺҪ֮ǰŵķ˰ڵƫƧ䡣
ִһʿǿ֮鼮վĬĬ˲ؾ¥ˮĥʯϣ߿յӲͷ۾е鼮
һо鵲ס۾һĬ֮ǰıʿؾϵݣֱʵòˣżһ

ƽشҴҹȥʱһΣֵҹ
ǳʱʱ̡
һֱڵһƫƧһǵļգ˫Ȼ𣬳ŶЩ˴ʱ򣬼ּҹδ顣
ֻ֪ڱ˴ʱлᷭʿؾҲ֪˽ҹܽ޻ᶯʿؾˣαҹҪݣֻҪʿؾ֣ͼעĬݡ
ȡ
ҹ˾ʱӲؾ¥ͻȻһ΢ĿȻᣬʮļȴˡ
һļգ͵̧ͷȴֲ֪ʲôʱһüͷվԡ
ץһʿؾţ¶һЦϵؼϵӵܣСʵǸزؾ¥ĪŰɣ
ؾ¥֮ǰԼ˵ؾ¥ԶиſأĪĪ£ƽﶼڲؾ¥һСϢ뿪ؾ¥Ҳ뿪ǼСݡ
սؾ¥ҹˣûмĪ£û뵽ȻҹʱͻȻ֡
šĪ׵ͷǵƳһ۱սŲŵǱʿؾݾܾøң
һ׿زؾ¥Ī£ΪʲôҪһʿؾһ£ʵʵ˫ţǱն˿¼˸
ҹͿʼĬˣҹһѾǳʿؾСӣܹסôĪַһҳն˿¼ٻ۽ն˿Թ˿˿пΪһ壬غϣ
ͣһ£ͻȻֵĪЩŵļգüСӣһָǸʲô˼
ģ뷨һν˿Թ˿˿ӦָҲ˵ʱҪһܹӰԼľƽȵնϣֻпˣܹγĳĺӦغΪһ壡û룬Լ⽫һηһ顣
Ī±ǵ۾ͻȻһĿĹâ̵ļ۾ʹоһ֮ͻȻԼϣƺջݡ
һƺҪ֤ʲô͵ִۣӼͷһ飬ǼҹĬǵġϴ񾭡ַһҳٵضһλɬѶľģȻѯʼµһָʲô˼
ǺǳǳЦ⣬ľƽͣԼǶξĵ⽲һ顣
ĪͷǵԽԽˣٴδȡ˱飬˼պü⣬նǶԴûһͣ١
ն˿¼ڣһʿؾȫסˣĪ³Ĭãضżշʣʹո֤ˣлЩ̫ţҪ׿ڸ϶Ĵ𰸡
ţȫסˡչԹԴ
ĪŲֹľƺڿ϶ˣ̬ӵʱһ㡣
һӣһţҲļæǰҪȥ
ãĪ˼һѣ˺üԼƽȻżʵ֪ΪʲôҶֻڲ֮󣬲׼ؾ¥֪Ϊʲôֻܹڲؾ¥죿
ͨζ־塢䶼ﵽܹʿؾҪ֮ԷҪΪܹǴ¼ʵĻɡֻܹڲؾ¥죬ӦòʱѡʺԼʿؾؼΪÿһؾؼ̫ף̰Ǵɣץʲô޲ɣӦɡ͵͵һЩ̫ȷ˵
ĪǿһżգĬ죬̲ס޵ôСӣԭ˶ç٣ҶлСܹ⣡ССܹͣҵģʵף
ߣЩС쵰ϵģűﲻǣȫǴģ
һ£ֲʼգȻѩҲһΪʲôҪƾԼ츳ôྭĬң㱳еĻʿؾԪɵؼͬʱֹؼҲǿǿܹ˵ùȥǣؾͬ޵ĻǾֻ·һˣ㲻ܲɣ
ҵȻͬ޼ؾֻҺͱ˲̫һɫȻʧʼղܹۼԪκؾؼĻԪûԪԶѳʿĬЩݣһһ飬ܲҽԪۼ
ԭ㰡ĪƺϵüգĬһɫοضԼյ˵Ժؾ¥͵͵Ҫүү֪𣿡
һ𣬲ŵǲǿЦĪ£ϲ˵ҿʱʱ
Ī֪ӣϲĪ֤ģвһᣬ˵ͷ϶Ժ͵͵ؾ¥ֻһҪעǧүү֪𣿡
񼤲صͷмллĪţ
⺢ӣȥϢɣӹЩ֫ͷԼ򵥵С쵰ͱˡһ죬һųͷаӽԺؾ¥Ī༧յԴ̾


7 ԯĴ˵
õĪ׿ڳŵȨ󣬼մϲʶӣĥѾ˼ޡ
񼧼ұĶɣûǿ׳壬СಡļȻż͵־ϧȴû֮ȳƵ塣
Ī¸ŵһվһƣҲ֮Ҳסվʱ뿪ؾ¥Ȼȥ˵
ǳ׺ҹգϤŷԼŪ˵ԵĻȥúòһ
ڶգؾ
ǰ첻һμղ͵͵ע硢СһС˽صĶǱأĶЩ֮ǰһֱԵĽʿĵ伮ЩҶɲ˷һʱľ¹
£
Щʿ伮ʵǳҪһ㼧סЩĶЩʿؾؾƧɬҪǲ̫ףǰҲûⷽ¹Ϊ֪ؾҪԲŻѡʱܹһ顣
õĪµɣԺõĿؾ¥ʿؾؼʰһ׺ӡȴҪһڣ伮ж
飡飡
ͻȻӲؾ¥㴫ľľ޴졣ŵĲؾ¥¥Ǽ顱Ȼ˶һ
Ҳ⣬һʿ£̧ͷ˲ؾ¥㡣
ǼХΪһڲжǣХӵһ̤ؾ¥𣬾û˼¹¥Хǿ׳ʿǲԲ嶼£һֱû¥Ҷ֡
֨ѽ
ؾ¥ĲǼһֱŵСűĪӣüͷ˳վͨ¥ݿڣŵǳСӣʲôأؾ¥Ū죬ʱĳûжһض
ΪʲôûСΪʲôûСôûУХߵͷɣ۾Ѫ˿ʧǵʱһŽǰһԲ߷ɣԲֱŲؾ¥ݶȥ
Ī֣һǷ˳ȥԲȻͣԭء
ԲʷŻԭ֮Īһ޵һָХһˮưĲۿɼֱżХӿȥ
أ
Х׳ӦǱһεľסڵ϶á
ǰˣҵһƿƵӣܹͻƵ֮꣬㻹ϣΪܹǰһˣҲӾǨŭ¥㼧Хô㱾£Īŭ塣
ĵ·ϴûнݾδζϣڱ˵棬㽫ͻƣ
ĪһӸµɨһ۶㡢һ̧ͷۿļҶɣѵǶţؾ¥ʿؾؾǰ˵򣬶ֻһַַܹܲгɣؼĻҪԼҪеϣЩؾؾ棬ֻԼǿ屦صҪһ᱾ĩˣ
мӵ˵ؾ¥Ī¶һصǰؾ¥֮ǰЩǧСĽǧҪĪҪؾصڲؾ¥רʿؾ鷳
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סļХôһָǣʱѿɥڵϴĪţ֪ˣոյȷҷ񾭣ԲԺҲˡ
šĪµͷûȥХüͷ㡢һеļҶɶɨһۣһ̾ŻǶڣЩҾͶ˵䣬֪һЩҵ¡
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Ʃ磬μ弧һʱ򣬾ǳԺ˵꼧ǿʢʱôô껹㡢껺Ҳ˽˵˵Ǽܹеһ⣬ҲùɽôһСطӲдˡ
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ļȻֵһᣬɽ˶䣬ûʲôõóֵǿʿһ֮ҲһʿˣֻδܺһʿĪɫЩм
һĪһȻЩشȵȻǧǰһ˳ʱѪΪɫʿ·һ·ͻͽڶ̶̼ʮʱ޵¡֪ݱеľŹ۷֮Ҵ¡ѪʽһʿؼսƾѪͶؼѪʽķ޵֣ͳһ¡
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֮ûļһ˳ʱѪҲΪɫͬģɫѪͼ洫ġѪʽûļٴһɳ졣־ڹ𢣬Լδٴһͳ£ΪĴڣһǳʿǿļ壬Ϊʿ伮ؾԺ˲űʿǿһ塣
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֮ÿ꣬һѪʿӵųѼ츳ż洫ĳǿؼѪʽ£𡣲ÿҴڻԻ۷ʱܻһΪ׷ȥüһδεĳȥ
ڼÿ궼һѪĿֲӵܹܳŹ۷֮ԶʿŹ۷ΪһšԯʱѪҲΪԯѪÿһԯѪһ޵Ź۷֮ͱʽΪԯˣԯƺһȳΪ޵֮ʣǼ߹ҫ
ǰһԯ۷ȥһûȥ֮ʷݣʿѼ޵ʿؾ伮ӴĲƸһԼ˶֡
һδԼ˵ޱȲʹЩʿؾؼиָʿԪʯҩһաΪ˷ֹһƾ̡ԯѪ𣬾µġѪʽһǿؼ˶ȡ֪ʲôط
Ӵ֮󣬼һ겻һֱ졣
˵Ī³Ĭһһʱһĵ¡
һĪһЩƣʱµġԯӦѾˣǳʱǶϸһһûκһ˳ʱѪΪɫ
ʱѹ꣬µġԯȴδ̫ңԶĴ˵ô꣬ǵĸǵүү¶ԯѪѾԶٴˣѪʽѲڣԯѪҲûг֣ǶѾˣһĻԻҲҪǴһʼԶСԯѪĴ˵
ҸǣûСԯѪֻҪŬˣһԳΪǿʿһΪֻԻͣ˵Ѿȥˣǣд˵Ī͵Щ
мӵܶĪµһ𾪵ˣЩѪڣЩ˻ڼҹȥĻԻв԰Ρ
ֻмоñ÷ǳ̣ʱ䣬ÿĩҳȻûܹӵСԯѪһͲܹۼԪ
ѵ˵ӽʼҲÿһԯǣһ


8 ɡ
Ī¹ڡԯѪĴ˵֮󣬼ղûѪڣáԯ˵Լʵ̫ңԶǾ̤̤ʵʵؾ¥ؾһһԹһ鷽Ϊ
£ʱҹûҹ˾ʱǱؾ¥
ղԲؾ¥һĸʿؾؼϤһ飬ҲͲؾ¥Ī»ˡ
ؾ¥ĵڶ֮󣬼ղʶؾֻǵһ档
ƩһǱԪֻǼ˴һԪ쵽쾳ڶǼ˴쵽ؾҲһԪֻǼ˴
ؾҲһһؾĻڶ㡢߼һЩ
֮⣬ڶ㡢һЩµؼһЩǰʼǣʼԼĳʱͻʱĸ
ֱ˲ؾ¥㣬ղ֪Х֡ˣ֮ƴҪ㣬ĿľЩǰдµʼǡ
꼧Хܹڲؾ¥һٴһԪͻƵ죬Ī˵ΪһƪƵͻȻԼٳٲܹͻƵԭڣܹʱ䵽֮
㡢ĳؼ֮⣬Щǰ˵ˣ
ֻЩ򲢲̫࣬ÿһʿĿ·棬һ£ʿҪͨԼſͻơХͻֻǽңǡϹèײ󣬿һһʼǡ
֮٣ҲΪʲô꼧Хڲؾ¥죬ȴһԭˡ
ȻǶһʿؾǻǿĹؼǰ˵򣬶Լ˵ȴͳͳûá
ܹۼԪһضδͻƣĶ˵ͷֽ죡
ҵλòҳڣڳɽɽţԽɽϣеĹ󣬹֮󣬲о֮ƵĲ䡣
峿ɶ޾򻺻𣬲ӲӽɫĻֲ񷣬ҫء
ɽˣɫįһֱ۵ʯϡ֮ǰڼҲмշѾǧ࣬Ѳڻƻѵ
ҹƻһֱڣһҹ
峺˫ʱãʧǵŲԶƵδ󣬿ɫƲһϿջƮţͻȻԵһ̳ƣһΡ¡¡͹
ȿȿȡ
ͣǺܣᶼҪˣһŨҵĿɬζҲ֮ļӿǼɬ飬ʱһ޶
ɡҳƶһͷġ
ͷ죬һգͽΪɡһ̳ƶ̳ɡƣſʼ
ʱոող꣡
Сޣʮ֮ǰƵ֡ɡʮ֮Ƿ񻹽СɡҪԼˡ˵仰ʱһûһ㿪Ц˼ദУҲῪЦ
ֻǣļգȻὫĹϡ
Ȼһʵȴ֤˵仰һֲ
٣Ϊֹյ켣컹û˵
Ӷ𣬼վֻ֪׼죬ʮǰӤͻؼң񣬼춼δٻؼңĸ˭һСһ֪ȻӲ֪
ڱиĸȰʱ򣬼ֻܹһܹ¶
үүʤڼ־һֱڼв԰Σʤһó¶ˣֻԶԶżգĬĬظػ
ֱʮǰϴĵĿĵ˰̷ؼ֮󣬼ղһݺޱĹػ
Ȼʱ򣬼ʼղܹۼԪʵ̵ر¶
СС͵ļգʼڼܸһżʵΪļңܹۼԪĺӼֱͷ죡ողŶµļգõֻǱ˳ĮЦĿ⡭
ʮ걯࣬Ӳ֮ǰûĸȰǰ꣬ʮꡣʮ꣡վôģ
ڣٴ˲ʹ
ؾ¥һһʮʿؾҹȫһһһ飬ʲô취Թˣһδ;֮⣬Ȼһ
岻ûб仯ĻҲǺһδ䣺үүʤǴȰȴʧ񣬹ùüǲ۲۵ĹػСضԴƺΪ۶벻
ڼˡ
ҲɺһۡЦԶͣƵģٻ񼧳һʱʱȭţеԼ鳩һЩ
δؾ¥֮ǰսȫϣʿؾ棬ʱļգдϣԼǻٿࡢټѣΪһ˿ϣܹһֱȥ
Ȼؾһһһ飬еϣ֮𣬱ԼһϨ֮ʼ塢ãȻ
ͻȻʧȥ֧Ŀ꣬мֱԼһݻٵḶ́˵ʵ̫һ㡭
ɡɡޱ߿ຣʱɹ
ɽۣ֮Զδ󲻶ϱ仯ŵɫһŨĻͿɬԸӵı룡

աһͺƵӰվһԣģϣġ
ɫãȻ㶵żƣ˰죬ҡͷЦϣϣѾָˣ
һۣæȵĻϣ
ȼն룬ƸæͣιҪȥɽһˣɽĸʿؾΪ⡣ÿһɽʦͽܣֻҪϿˣͽһԪͽһԪΪӣۼԪȥ
յעĻ˹Ƴȴ˵һͨˣֻҪɽĸΪͽܣҲܹƾһԪʿ
ùãĺˣҲ벻ȥʲôɵµġҡҡͷ峺ȴһĨ̾ʲôɽĸôҹȥˣôȵأ
⺢ӣ̫ͻ˼룡շ·ûͷһֱŰյĽЦźǳ˼һ䣬ŸǰץסյֱۣСؽ±
ɽĸǶ޾ʿǰһֱƳɽֱ֪ǰſʼʽͽֲδ֪֪ô鰡
üյͷЦⰻȻҿԽԽԾƴص˴ϢͨѾͷ˵ɽĸ飬û뵽СһȻһɹùڲƭ㣿
ùã治ڲңһ㵣͵ؾ̫˷ܣһȣһͷСҵɽסŹһ£ŴɽŴĺȻԼһ亹
ԼҪʱͻôһϢȷʵԿ֮ˡ
ƱȼջҪţһ̣ɫɷֽץסյʲôҲ˵ϽȽȫشյ߳ȵգôôСģҪùò𣿡
ոյȷգǼʼпʧµĿܡ
ߣʹȥɽھߣСӣˣקӲɽϣΣյĵطһ롣
лùáСлϣ֮ȼӲקȻһ·ţϵıȴǼ㡣
ʮ궼ôˣֻҪһ˿ϣҶܷҧأԼԼŵ


9 
ɽˮƹƳϽڣƳҳǱߣҪȥɽһ·мҪҳǡ
ҳˮƹϱߵĴУľŲǱұҪΪҳǵĳǽʯϣȫԼڵɽϵļңԲŽҳǡ
˵ǰϷıǿ׳ǿʿճξۼŸľҳǣͼƿˮƹţǿռִء
ʮǰľŸһλǿʿΪ̣ΪŲʿľŲʿϵߣʵѴ̫İ쾳磡
˵ƶ£ľŲϵһοҳǣƿҳǴţǴɱӡ
ڡŲʿ̵Ĭ£ʿҲûˮƹˮƹʿɡѪɱ¾Ԫʯҩ챦ˮƹʿɡ屻š
ľŲӺʿˮƹĶУڼŭʿ֮һɽǬڣ
Ǭʿƽ̹뿪ɽһǰľʥɽɽڶʿ֮Уɱġʿ̣ҽһֱʥɽеʿؾסҳ˺£ݴߣ
ͬʱǬϣ͹λͽͬɽˮƹʿɡĲ֣һѪսľŲʿѪɽôʤľŲڶˮƹʿʬѪɽ
ʿѪɽͬҰܣľĴңûĹǵľӸΪսձˮƹشòǱӻġ
ʧȥˡסҳľŲûгֹһλʿľӴӴһ겻񣬾֮䷴ɱֹҲûˮƹҳҲ˵̫ƽʮꡣ
˺ҳס֮󣬻һ仰ľŲÿʮѡһ䲻ʮʿǰɽֻҪ壿һ۾ÿԣͽסҳ黹ľŲ
ˣÿʮ꣬ľŲѡһſΪʹߣۼĸϡҩԪʯϡĳԽδ󣬴ҳǣȻı䷽ֱɽ
ȻʮľŲſЯŴ䱦ҩԪʯǧൽɽǬʿ֮ȴֻܹõʮ֡С
ľŲÿһεõСֺֻܹʿˮȻʮǲʹߡ
סľʥҲľŲʿܹʮ֮ΨһؾţٶίٶķŭľŲҲֻܹˣʹʱһһۼ䱦ҩԪʯҪܹ࣬˵С֡
ÿ̰֮ľۼŲΪƷ䱦ҩԪʯһʿҪ汦һЩֻĲųļƷҩԪʯʿΪ֮ۺ죬Ϊ֮
ľŲȻԪˣǱɲһʿȥġˣʮһȵʹ߳ʹɽ֮Уڶʿһᣡ
ʮһεʹȥɽʿǵһʢᡱÿǸʱԱ򡢶ɽ󴨵ڶʿССҳǣҳΪݵ㣬δʼһ·ʹеҩԪʯ䱦
ȺʳѪʢ磡
ÿʱҳܻѪȷ磬ҳǵʿΣ峤Ͻӵ뿪һķۼʿǣһɱۣûκι˼ɣȨ˿
Ǹʱʵ΢ʿֻͷʣʵǿʿʢУΪ֮ķսƷ
ǿʿ˴ʢ統ԼͻƵΪս
һȵѪʢ磬Ҳֻ⾰ˡ

պ󣬼ƴżյҳǡ
գȥҪѾͷ˵Ұѻ˵ˣȥɽҳ֮󣬼żվԶɽڵĳȥ
΢΢ƽץԼѣڼƲ첻ĿУղſЦˣҾͲһȥˣȥǱߵˡ
㻹ǺѾͷһ£Ц
ҡҡͷɫŹֱ֣£ǿܣ룬ҿ»ܣǲΪá
ǰҹȥײԺϴСƨӵģƫƫô˼ǵģֲǹ⣬ԼֲСĵġ
ǹһ˿صĹЦݣĻȴƫڼյģһ£ơ͡һЦˣͲѾͷ۸㡣ģǴɽ󣬵ԪˣͲˡ
һǰʱѾ쾳磬ҿХ֣ʱɲտɥʼʾеΡ
ô˵أô˵Х磬ôֱƵ˼һۣХǶٲãٿ㣬ҲǼҵ˰
죬ÿɷ
飬һ֪̾кޣйĽᣬԶҲⲻ
Щƣػ˻֣Ҳһˣ㲻ǾͲһˡգƲٶ˵ʲôȥԶɽĳ
żƵӰԶȥղһ̾ҳǵƶȥ

ʱ󣬼ԶԶǾżƾɡȴΪ߷ÿһ䡣
һ߷˯ƽ̸ĵطڶ߷ƵĵطŴ߷ǵؽѣžơ
ڼǸ۲۵Ĺˡ
ƣԼȴȣ˵Ϊ˻Ǯɼȴ˭ľơʱ᲻һʱ䣬죬ʮ£˵׼Ŵ߷ȥܵ״̬
Ц٣ΪЩƧ˵ĻԶԳĬӦԣƽＸദ
Լ⣬ջûκαѣûмʲô˹ľơ
죬ȴƺǸ⡣
һǼ䳨߷룬Ȼվһͷ㣬عһĿӡӶżգ䣬վڣĮǶ콲
ޣп˰սɵк
֪ΪʲôÿһվһȫɵĸоܹȴĲңԺ첻ĺ
Ȼʱ򣬶Ǽһ˵ֻԱĬĬţٻᷢμնΪûÿ׷ʱ׼ȷ˵ոոսʲôݡ
ۣ
Ǻ󺺣һڲͻȻֱ߷ǽϡ
һ㵣鲻죬ֿ˿ող߽ļգƺնĳƺŴ̼ˣӽǶҲɫŹ֮
쿴ҲǺ󺺣߽ļգ˳ǣ˵ͷ
Цպʶʮ꣬ŲǣƺʹЦˣǼշ۲˼֮ԼеóĽۡ
ǸǸ󺺷·ͻȻæʲôһҲûҵʲôû˿ԥȻһ½ϴŵĽ˺һǡ
ȻͰ˺ѵǿµĨһ鱻ˮġǽϲרעЩС
λǣȻһ˿󺺣ſæרעǽڵӺǻȻʧЦǽڣʲôòģһ߷ֲһ˿ĳأ
󺺻ͷ˼һ£һĨ΢⣬ƺûϵһ۾ͿŵĽ£ˮƹˮ˿
һ£ƳһĮ죬ϽеĶЦҪģҪģ


10 ʮ꣡
ޣλɺٿѰձ󺺵ıһ£Цѯ졣
һƵġһ䣬ƳһۣĮȻȱˣһ
ôһ˵Ųټãڽ˸ʵʵ£һ˫ֱֱͭشżա
˫ϻһĴ۵ţЩŤЦЦбԱߵһۣ޵Ǻõƣ˲پˮȣûгһ̳ζģٺ٣һֱΪ޵ľԶĳȥû뵽ϻдֹ溺ӣ
ȿȿȡ
ͻȻҵؿعӳ죬Ѫһ㣬ӹţƺЦȴɻʲôʹţɫ쵽˼㣡
յƵ棬ľƲҲΪ⣬ԹǰŻһɫľϰ̣һƵǰ塣
ðȻӦѾϰ硣
׼ӣͻȻڻˣžһۣԥһ£Žͷ죬С˵ôҾͼôһƵģ㽫˼һߣЩ̫ʰɣ
첻ոӿһۣĿһºľ룬ȷӦʲôԺ󣬼ղЩؽѹĸͣ˴˿Ľ£ǮĴ򰡣òײһޱģúÿһʣȣɵǮ࣬ԼŵģܷŹ
ȿȿȡ
һźǵüѣһҵĿԣҪķζһȳͻȻվҪһȥתתɣһգͷҲƵ뿪
ǲʲôЩΣڨЦôһˣô˰ɣ
û£塣ûһۣߴټӡ
һܿʤհܣһʱȻȥ
գǸˡʱ⴫Ƶվߺȴûн
ڳ˼ʲôطļͻȻѣվ챧ǸЦЦ첻ܹƶˣҵˡ
˵ͷ̳ɡߡ
ϴεĻûأȺðɡɡζȻȴϲҪǲҪǮİɣ֮һþƵģȥɵļȥ
ȻƢֻ֣кദʱ򣬼ղܹûһѹɣȥ
ţǵöһ㣬ݡɡ࣬²ȡѵö˵˼仰
ףƵģ㾹Ȼֻˣ߳ȥͻȻǺֻˣȵغһ£ղŸЦ޾ζһ⾳˾֪ˡոҺ㿪Цģ档
ɵǮ࣬ŵģ޹أ󺺰ߺߵؽڡ
Ǳ߼ջ˵Щʲôȴһסߡ
ڼƴżʧ֮󺺲ŶһĮȻ칪һȴЦСӣȤأ
ռҩģĿǰĻ첢ûĻһֲݾܾ̬Ը
û⣡Ӧһ£ЩɻʵԪδڶʮ̳աǲ̫һ㣿աΪҩ̫ǿˣŻʱһҩЧͿʼˣҪҪٵȵȣ
˷ѣϸֻһͻˣһǸܻһɳ죡κһʱ̳ʮ꣡Ϊ˷ٶĲϣֵ
ˣһȻͻȻⱬ䣬âһΪʵʡ
ԶԶ˿нԶļպͼƣǱĵâľ⣬ȻһջۿһʵѾͷĵ̺Ǳ̫÷ˣҪҪҡ˵󺺺˸Ĩӵơ
ãҡͷͺȵǷµĶ飬Լ
֪ҪȶأСֹһ䡣
Ȼ˫ֱֱ󺺣˵ӽк֪£ʲôʿ
һ£һһٵغȵҸ㣡ʮ֪£Ҳһգ
ͷҶ˵ʲôȴԼ죬ȻǰἧգûȤοɣ

һߣ߷Ӳż뿪ļƣûסİɻʱʱصͷüƺ˼ʲô
ùã㲻һֱ˵˹Ź֣վһܵ𣿽ô㶼ͷ˰˴ˣռ뿪Զʱʱͷվ̲סˡ
ҲǸ죬ֻǿոǸ󺺡һ£ͻȻżʵոƺ˽ˣôʶģʲô
һƵģô˹ùãȻ
ҡҡͷƺɻӦòþƣݣҲӦֵطġ
ùãպǲ죬ʵ
ǣֻǾһˡֿǱһۣ˵ǰѪɽһʢԶԶһˣĺ񣬲ҵʱվԶûпôһ˵Ʋ϶Ҷˡ
Ѫɽ˭շ£ɽкܳһ·̣ھʵ
˽кغȻѪɽؼҼǰ͵쾳ˡ꼸ʿѪɽʢᣬҲֻԶԶһܶʿµΧ룬Ǹ߸ϵȻȥǸҵĵطƻһ˵
ʿȻһȵǺһǿ󣿡
ǰŵ֮˶ʮǰ͵ˣ塭ǲ⣬ؼҵҲܹġ
΢΢һЦյͷ£Ҫܶ࣬͵ʿǿ̫ˣ壬ԶԶǿģ
һȻ˵ɽϣ֮ͽɽٿҴʯΪ촷۵Զɽǲǿڣ
Ƶ˼ԶɽʿƺڣռֱǸǿʿǿ߻жô£
ԶɽغȻֻҪһܹﵽغȻӵľ磬ùþοˣƼ𺳣ɵЦŸĿꡣ
غȻĶӣǿʵ
к֪£Ϊˮƹʿ֮һֻжʮ꣬ӺغȻȻһЩҳǵνʿǾ͡˵ƺʶ̼գסڲˡ
Ǵϻۣһۿ˼Ƶ⣬ЦЦùãЩܵĴʲôʱ¹ˣ
һƺԵ׼ʵǺ֪±𼧳Х
һһأûпɱԣʧЦŶԼսͣХǻ˼Һ֪ȴѵ۷ˡ˵ܱ𣿡
ЦᶨɽɽϣɽĸܹҾۼԪѳʮܹ꣬ټȥˣ
ģһģصصͷҼҳգһȱ˲


11 ɽĸ
ط֣ŴССңʵǿңֱΪˮƹ
ռأ򣬴ű壬ˮƹ棬ľŲֻ
䡢ˮ⣬СңǱԣЩСǹԶԶ磬ֻܹ棬궼ҪĹҽ
䡢ˮУǿԴ㣬ˮƹΪԣ
ڲ÷ľŲַЩˮƹշʳӹİ󣬱Ҫͱ彻սĴ̹ࡣ
ˮƹǳأֱΪˮǡǡ̫ǡϳǡƳǡҳǣˮˮƹǣˮƹ룬ǡ̫ǡϳǡƳΧм䡣
ƳǿϣҳǽతšɽƳǹϽľڡҳǺƳɽҳǺƳ֮ߡ
żգ˴ʱ䣬ڽƻʱ򣬲Ŵżɽɽ¡
ģѹҪʱƵġ
ɽҳǸ࣬ԼĪ߰ٶɣһȥɽ֮£ΡǶһһѹȸС
ùãɽĸҾۼԪ̧ͷŸƵɽмͣ⣬һ·Ѿ˲ʮˣ
ƽشļգѽɽϣԽǿɽеļоԽǿңô಻ס
һԣù뿴ۼԪԺɹգģͨʲôùöɽĸΪͽᶨⷬǰοգǸԼ
ùãֻҪܹۼԪһκ˶Ŭȥһգһ취㽫ϵİ̺һ㹻ǿˣĵ̺۵ˣ˭ҷһΪɱɫ֣أ峺УȻӹһĨ׹⡣
𣡡һӣɫæùֻҪܹΪһʿͺˣΪùȥðաùЩڼңѾȴʲôޣԺҲ׼ᱨ飬𣿡ѵ
ƾмŵǵ̬ڼУô塢
һ̣ն˼Ƶˣʹ޵˼£
ףǺΪ޳ǣᱻԷɱٶ˵ʲôֻĬĬԡ
Ļȫ׷ʵгһҪżƣҵˣ潫Ƥǣʮʹ࣡
ùã߰ɣɽһʹȥϵľʧ룬Щǿߵ˼ǰ棬ᶨɽȥ
ư̾һεҡҡͷæȥ
ֺγ뱨ѩޣ
κһŮˣֶ񶾵ֶθ̵ضԴٺƢҲһ뷽跨ָοʼգһܺߡ
ȻԷʵ̫ǿƣҶֻܹˣһԪܹۼĺӣܹƵʲôˣ

Хѹڴ꽵ʱ򣬼ƴżڵɽ֮ۡ
ɽˣһЩ߰ȵľݣһЩӽɵС¥ЩС¥ǰ棬һ䳡ΧϷŸʽıей桢ͭ
䳡Χ˻ҪߴʯͷƺǾĦʹõԵʣЩʯͷһ鶼ǳ⻬ɾ
ʲôˣ
δǿ䳡һߴһʯ洫һµˣҲֳ
ɽĸֶҳǹϣɽĸֶܹΪͽͷͨһһȻһȻóһԪʯصȥ
Ԫʯһ̺Ԫʯͷ
ͨԪʯԴԪʯʿǿֱյеԪԼ
һЩԪʯãƩԶɽɽʱƵĻԪ飬ʵҲԪʯһ֣ƺʥȸĹͨһԪʯͷǳˡ
ҲԣԼǴԪʯҲԪʯֻܹʱġȼϡ
Ȼȴ֪һԪʯѾĻˡ
һֱţϣгһܹ׵쾳ʱԼʱʹãû뵽ΪȻһӽĻ˳ɽĸש
ùãЩһ־ҪȥһԪʯͼֹơ
Ʒֳһ֣͵ذס˼գܹҺݺݵصһۣʾҪڽȻˣᶨؽװĴӵ˳ȥ
ɫչǲܹĸģôĵķϣҾΪΪͨһĸԸⲻԸ㣬ҾͲұ֤ˡ
˲źۼؽǼƶĻһֱŵԷŻȻ󲻵ȼƶ˵ʲôֱԽ䳡ǼµС¥

ùáһߣյ۾ͨ졣
գֻҪܹۼԪùʲôãοЩԪʯһżյɿ֣صҪ£ֻҪܹۼԪΪʿгһգһӵиԪʯʱֻҪùòˣڣҰһ㣡һûҵʾ⣬׼ڣ
ҡ
Ӧңһ׼׿ڣûȼս˵꣬ͻȻĽһһܾģ
ˡһʧȥһȻĴӦֻһ˫żƵ֣ȴԽ߬Խָ׶ݽоʹ
ɣĸҪ˵ڴʱǸ˼ƲˣԶԶߺһ
ƼæС˼ռ䣬һҪҽżյֱۣǱȥ
ľУһ΢ֵ˳һϸͷȣһ˫Ӿ磬һĺɫ˿ʳ£Űɫǳͼ
ݼĸδȵơ˿˵һ
ݼĸƹһ˳գʾ⼧Ҳ˳Щк
ڼƵ£ղЩ鲻Ըعһ񣬵ݼĸ
šɽĸɫĮ˵ͷһ˫䵽˼ϣʼͷŵش𼧳ա
һûɽĸĿʵʣĿڼƶţüվƺһһëȻĸо
ǿеĲʣղûηĵͷ峺˫ֱֱضɽĸȻѧһɨɨȥƺַͨϵĲʡ

ϧӹ̫ûһĵӣͨ˵״硣⣬Ҳ̫һ㡭ɽĸһߣڼջϸεһüͷ̵˶塣
̬ȣԼƺ⡣
ֶСϻۣȻӹ˵ĸָһԪ֧ţһԺܿǿ׳Ƽɽĸ̬ȣһæΪ˵û
֮ⷬɫ粻·ԥʲô
ûԥ̫ãֻһļȻ󣬼ֱشСһö׵Բ飬ͷԲȥеĻԪ飬ĸۡ



12 ͻ
ùã
յͺһͨ죬ҲƲס֮𺳡š
֮ǰͶʯ·һԪʯȻȴ㲻󣬶Ҷʱûʲôô
ȻԪȴȫȻͬһöԶɽĻԪ飬һַǳıԪʯֵԶԶƸոͳһԪʯ
ҪǡԪܹʥȸĹ֮ͨѸٻͻƣЩԪʯʱûôǻԪ飬ȴܹʱȱʡ๦
ôһ˵ޱҪıƾȻҪͳȥΪʦשؿżΪôࣿ
һͺ֮󣬸ܼƵʾžҪһöԪԼ
ץļƣۼôȰ˵ļ֮£ֻܰʹԪ
һᡢȴ͵Ԫ͵ش뼧塣
ֻһոջļգͻȻʵ嶯ãڣֻܹ˫صżƣϵʾҪô
ʹȥͷɽĸʱѶЦݣؽԪȥ̬ŵͣ⺢ӻС̫£ĸҪһʶţԪ鲻ɾ⣬ĸ£
š
ɽĸüͷ׵˵ͷ˵½ƣѶɡ
½ƵǸˣǰһѻԪֹվɽĸ档
ͽ֮ǰҪŪͽݣܹóԪֶӦҲһļͥɽĸͷͷ䲻ȵضԼƵˣ˵˵ǵɡ
ɽɽµļңֶ귽ʮߣмաɫһϲæ
ɽҡδȼ˵꣬ɽĸɫ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻߵسһԯļң
һɽĸ̬Ȼ䣬ƺЩףӲͷƤ˵ͷɽĸɫѿл֣̿æνġԯ˵ͲˣѹûµġԯѪ߳ĸؽ黳ǡ
ض˵ˣɽĸͻȻ˼ĻתС¥ȥżƣ䵭½ͿͰɣҾԲռҵĶΪͽ
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ǡЩ֪룬ʵڲ֪˵Щʲôֱҽ
׼նɽ֮еڴжҲ׼жôܹӵɽĸһԪʿΪ˼գѾֵǮһж˳ܵĽǼղܹܣҲܲˣ
½ƣһǲ뿪ɽҽǸϳȥǼµС¥ڣͻȻɽĸһȡ
ɽݹ飡½ɽĸôһȣɫȻһ䣬ݳƽɫΣмٲӦֵ˼

˫ֱҪ޺޵ص½ƣһƲŭ棬ץżշȻͷԭ·ء
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һ͵ڰը˿Ŀһεɾݺݵڼơϡ
ҹĻִأڵ籩֮£ƼӲżգı룬һ֮µʪɽ·ǡ
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뿪䳡ΪϵԪƽʼվ˫죬ҧĬۼ˵ЩʲôһԲ͸¶һüʹĪı롢߿ǿ
գŹùð㵹Ǹ˵仰˴裬ƴҡżգͼմ״̬ק
һԲļգڼƵҡɳĬ˺ɴ۾ˣϥĬȻŢʪ棬һؾۼڵԪһδʹ»ʡ
żһδεľۼԪһδεĻʣɫԽԽ԰ףԽԽһһϢʱпҲѲĸо
ͣͣ㲻Ҫ£ڿ籩еͼֹôҪĥԼ
Ȼվɵһ㣬ƺͲ֪ԻһʹļƣֻҪһӻתֻҪһڣͲҪļۼԪԼ᲻һεĻУԶسȥ
հ㲻ҪϣġϣİͷɢңһĻ̿ãȻľҡǳɵһ㡣

һδӻվѾ˼ޣоֻҪԼһΣпܾԶţ뿪ʹְ硣
ƳһľǶļƣеʹʮٱؿڡ
˾ˣˣùþҲΪҲˡ
ѵһֱһαĿֲҪȥۼԪ
ǵƵʹ࣬ſ̹ĵı֮࣬һؿļգجج㱣˼ҡҲԼ
һ̣̹Ȼ޾һб࣡
֮ǰһջֹסȵزһ˺ѷεʹ͵شؿȫ
Уշ·һıͻȻСϷ

һ̡
ӴԪһΪģԴݿ֮ȻȫӣӴԪ֮еľѪ⡢ڷڡȼա
Ƶļգһ˲䣬Ȼզǿ
·𣬾һǣһͷبޣڼյͻȻ˹
͵˫۾ǳĿĹâ·ҹҫɰ硣
һ̡
죬ҲǸ죬أҲǸء



13 ̫¼
ڿ籩еļƣɫãȻĿЩ͡
˴ԺļգǷܹȥʼճĬŵļԼôɽʹձƵһ
ͻȻһĿĹâںڰһţʧļһסˣ㶵Ţʪŵļա
ã۾ִξĲʵУ㶵żգҲ
ڼеļգȫһˣ
絶ȻһǶǶֱͦƺѽȻͬһʵȻһַâ¶Ĺ
໺
һ춯صĿ񺿣͵ɼտ˻˳վ쳤ХХֱ
¡¡
һȭݺݵػ˩ĴϣһֵĴꡱһϣȻ¡

ùãԪˣȭͷ󣬼˷ܵشЦ
Ŀͣ㶵Ǳһ˵ļգֱԼ۾
һ۾ȷվԼǰǼ֮󣬲š۰һʹ
ֻǣȴϲ
ôܣôܣһץס˼յֱۣ̹ۣһʧڼԪԺ󣬼Ҳ಻סмżպޡ
ùãǸЦǸЦմЦЦЩЩŤ̫ϰôطԼĸ顣
ǵģǸЦǸЦǺǡգúӣԪˣԪˡֿЦקֱһӡ

գ⵽ôһ£ΪʲôͻȻӵԪ
һͼһһӵļƣһɻʵңڵԪ쳣ӴԶԶ˲ŸոԪһԪʿ
ֱʱ򣬼ƻЩŷڼϵ飬ϸһ£ּڵԪǳӴԳ⣬Ͷʿ״֪ǳ졣
Ҳ֪Ϊʱƺһ죬ȻھͻȻӵȵԪһججʱЩԪڿҵţڶͻײֱҿƲסһȭŴϵʱڵ쳣ͻȻֹס
һЦڣ̫ϵ쳣ôһ¡·һ˲ӵԪңǱһһԪʿŨĶԪ
֣ˣ֪ôһ¡֣ϸϸһ飬ҲûпȻһƲεط֣ʵܹܲڵԪ᲻вܿƵĸо
ᣬһҲᣡȻһЦһӴԪϸһ㣬Ƥ⡢ţ˹ѵ֮⣬Ԫܹڳͨ衣
һԪʿҪ壬ԪҪܹζƤ⡢衢طؿһҪ͸Ҫʮ겻ȵʱ䣬ХҲǰͻؿ֮
Ȼֻǰҹʱ䣬ڻجج֮УȻѾܹԪƤ⡢ȫ˵ؿ
ͺãùޣ쳣ҲʲôȻصԺүүүүɡЦ˵
겻֪ʲôʱͣתһΣһҹѹ
նһչ⣬ɽ֮˳
ùãҹܵĳ裬һҪɽĸ½ưٱɽۣ֮һ
Ȼ޲ھɱɽɽĸ½ˣȴûô״ʱԶԶ½ƵĶ֣ɽĸֻ·һ
ʱҲֻܹȥֻ㹻ǿ˲ܼƽϡ
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ڼϸʵسԶʱ򣬼Ѿϥ

սؾ¥һʮʿؾȫμУһӵԪѡһʿؾȥ
ʮʿؾÿһֵͬصҲһʿؾ͹ؼͬһ˵һʿһֻܹѡһؾȥֻʺԼؾܹǱ̶ȵķӳ
Ҫѡһʿؾʱ򣬼տʼԥˡ
ʮʿؾԺһһһ飬ʼò⣬֪Ӧѡһȥ
˼һ£վӦʹùüƵϾ޵֮ʿ֪棬ȻҪࡣ
ڼմվѯʼƵʱͻȻԺƺĳָоǳŹ֣һסˣüͷͼŪԺе쳣
أľˮ
ͻȻڼԺһһ⣬һľ飬ԺһǴţ·Ѵá
һ뵽ʿؾǾԺһֳȥʱʧ٣ƴֹƵġ
һ飡
ڲؾ¥ЩʿؾǴļ䣬ʵʵڵһ飡ֻСǧ򱶣ֻеȥʱǾŻԺг֡
һޱĸо
һӾͱеעŽעУأһϵĹԺи˳̫¼Ͼ
һ̫¼һҳ
سԪ̫Ƶޱߡ
ɬѶĹ֣ڵһҳֳһĲ̫֮¼ַһҳ
سԪأߣԪ֮֮Ҳ
һҳȻǹԪ
ַһҳһζοھӾֳ
֮޽ݾΨغһΪأΪأΪأңɳѡ



14 ֮
ΪܹӵԪĵĸˣŻЦ⣬һţϸʳ꣬ЩȲվҪϿջؼңĬĬүүʤϲ
κ˶ʤԼռ˶ЩʼڰĬĬؿżգżܹгһӵԪһХҡ
Ȼʮؿű˺ļһֱƽʼղܹۼԪĴͲ̫ó¶Լĸ飬Դ֪޷ΪʿʧӼĵڼҸ־

վ׼һļƣһסˡ
ǰϥԭһƺûʲô֮
ȻʱȴȻּȻǶȴһ翡׽о
ǶļգûһϢ·Ϊһ壬ǱһʯһŴǿõȴŵĿ
һֲʵĸо
ǰȴʧϣ
ƴ󺧣Ϊһ̹ޱȵļ𾪣һ۾ǰļա
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۾ļƣӦΧһУȴֳ֮⣬ΧտյȻûһ˿һ
ʧɫƼæֵۣ̿ǰ
ջǶ

Ƴ׻ˣһαĿӦΧһС
ǸλûκտյһУ˫۵ʱȴּһֱǶֺ
죬⾿ôһ£
ֱޱȹ쳡ǰˣǶЩ֪룬һʱľ
Լ֮ΪѾǳĸӦ׵زΧ״ֻҪӵһΧھӲĸӦ
ǣЩʵǿʿſγʶ谭ϵϢ
Ȼһ״
ŸոӵԪԪôҲֻһһԪʿˣ
ôնѵӦǷ˼ʵǰüƲòޱȹĳ

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һ˿ĲʱӼϷǼ䣬ոջûһ㡰ļգȴͻȻų˲
һ̣ƲڸӦǰļգһˣһʯǿյĿ
Ǵĳ״̬ת˫ãͻȻһƮݳʣһҪ˷ȥƮС
һƺʶʲô͵ؾùãϵԪȻܹתȹǵĹ裬ôô죡
ƳɵˣһְֿĿ
ùã㺰ʲô𣬼ջõػһӣֻžžһöڵĹǽڴ˳ǹǽڵĴ죬ˬҳε泩С
ʮÿһξۼԪʱŵĴʹ·ԶȥҲḴˡ

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֮һ磬ʱҪûңһУԼΪ̫飬Ϊһ塣Уأ̫顣
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ǼƺȻһȣ»֮гȥ
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ʲôʧȥյͷһգ㲻ʲôɣ棬ôһڣ
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ôܣɣһ£ɫ΢䣬ૣѵ㸸׵ꡭ
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Щһֱкޣиĸ۰ȴĸ涼ûмڼܵĲмԶƺܴһԭΪıġס
ûʲôסڣһ࣬Լյ˵һ飬ʿؾɡҪס¾Բٸκһˣ׵˶˵ǾһУӽԶ棬ңԺҲҪ˵һ䣡
Ϊʲôüͷѯʵ
ô࣬Ҳ̫飬㹻ǿˣܹԼѰ𰸡һ̾Ρ
ˡ˭ĻԲǼƵĻȴһ˭Ϊ˶ᣡ
߰ɣǻȥүү֪ӵԪȻشﵽԪĵزϼһﲻ֪˷ܵʲôزأصͷȻһЦֻҪ뼧ʤȿϲӣ;泩
ãȻؼңյͷǸƵɽ૵ɽĸ½ơǵţһգһʮҹù裡



15 
ƻʱ֣ơصҳǡ
գȥҹͲȥˡѾԪһؼҰɡǺǣ֮үүܹԪתˣҸұ֤үүһ˷ܵľ˯šҳǣЦ˵
ùãΪʲôһȥѾͷʲôüģʱһΣȥʱҪʲô죬졣
ԪҴ鱦ģڻԪ鱻ɽĸܹҪȥһ˵ˣѾͷȻƢкӣСѾͷùû۰֮ǰҲӦ壬ʧˡ
һ˻Ԫ飬ɫһĬĬص˵ͷٶ˵ʲô
ʲôǰɽʱʧȥԪ׼ԪȻˣ㲻ܹۼԪôô˵ɽһеĿǴﵽˡˣʱҲˣԼȻؼҰɣֻҪ·㲻飬֮ǰ϶Եҡ
յͷοһ䣬Ц뿪ķȥ
һ񣬼սɽĸ½ӡȻ͵һסķȥ

֪ΪʲôԸ⽫ϵȸ졣
Щÿʲôܹ£ϰҳ죬ųĬԵ췢ɧ
Ϊôһ˿Ĵ󵨵ڼۡЦļգֻܹ±ֹ̬ûбļѹ壬ûбùƧԱĮ
Ÿͷջ̹ǰԭ򣬼ƶ᲻СĴϵ˦ӡ
켧ƶķݣҲԤʾϿ˼յʵշǳϲָоŴĵպܿ͵߷ǰ
һ߷ˣȴţռն˽⣬϶ںš
Թ˽˨ԱһʯϣǺЦһ㲻ľʹߺޣĶأ
档쵭ĮӵŷžƵ߷˳
ԭڷžưޣ㣬Ǹˣ󵽵ûưնϤˣһ·ЦţֱӾʹ߷Žȥ
ѵ
ڣһ̳ˤ˸飬һŲ죬˫Ȼһ£ֻŷžƵĶôͷżգӽǶһ
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һ̣˫ڣм˷ܡȡƵľϲ
·һ˶ĶڵõƵģ
ҹùôȥһɽɽĸΪʦû뵽ϹŲûңȻҹù÷ϵĶȫ£Һҹùøɽһɺޣ޺Ȼؽɽ֮нһ飬˶٣һЦҲʲôྡɽɽ£ҡ
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찲ţ;ûвһ䣬ֱȫ֮󣬲΢΢üͷԺ󣬱ȥЩΪʦЩˣ̲㣡
һЦɽĸȷʵϣԵʵǳ£ֻΪ̫ˡһţһ죬һʮȥ
ۣƺɽĸǲмûж˵ʲô˼պһų˳ǣȾƣ
ãǸúúúȵƣȻһЦ˵ԼͶȥϤġɡú÷һ¡
ȿˡ֣Աȡһ̳¾Ƶݸ۾˵ǰȿΪӹӽ󣬶Ҫٺȿˣɡ֣Ҳʺˡ
һ£첻ɷ˵ؽһ̳¾ƣӲУԺ󣬸ĺƣ
ãǾͲȿˣպĴһһѽһ̳¾̳ڵͲ˺ͷ͡¡¡͹
ۣ
Ź˼ڣһھ͵˳ɫǳѪһͨ죬оԼ񱻼һȼգǵ˹ֲһֱ̣Ҫ
ȿȿȡ
ҵؿһӣǰƨɵĺӰֱֽеޣʲôƣ̫ˣҴûȹôҵľƣǶǺȾư̻𰡣
쳶˳ǣƺһ̻ļշǳȤҲ𻰣ô۾żա
˺һڻʱޱƽСաԺһϲζţһȥʱ򣬴̳գٵá
ллˣæ֣ʾԼһ̳ߣɫЩÿŸЦޣ˰ɣζ治ϲ̫ҵģҵЩˣҲź˼ڣھͻ̣лȼա
̳ȥֵ
ǺãҾʹ̳ȥ˵ޣľһֱһֹ֣ôҵľƣ治֪ôģտ֪ټʲôһˣԼһưոݡ
ȺȣҲϰˡ
մӦ̳ƻȥֳ˳ǣʾԼЦˣץ̳գһ棬һ̳ڵڣһ̳ձã˼ȥ
ޣȻȥˣƿңƾҲˣͷеˣź˼ڰеͷˣɫͨ죬ķ²
ûȣһƨɣƥǷһ㣬͵س˳ȥ



16 ŭ
һ·ϼĵһһ£ɫͨ죬лȼգӻڵʱ򣬲һĻصɽҡ
˩ãսŲҡҡλεػصԼסСľݣвϵظпǡա󾢵ǿ
ǰҲȾƣȵĶǾƾº͵ġɡǡɡԲաңһ̳ȥҲЩͷΰˡ
ǡաȴȻֻͬǹ˼ڣͿʼ̣һ·ԼĪҲаʱˣƾûмˣԽˡ
СľݣͷؽᣬʼһǺѽ·ʪ͸ˡ
ˣ컹ǲȥүүˣ˯һ˵ɣҸо״̫ãҲرѣа˼ţʹȽ·£ϴϢˡ
ȿȡ
ʱ洫˿ֵ˳ĵܰôҹŻùأ
䣬־Ͳ˽Ƴһۻ졢һļգüùòҲã̸ء
այЩͷεļգһֵĵܡµĳڴż֣ɻ磬¶
һֱֶԴʱ̬ȶǳӣƺҲǡġ֮ıʣδܵܿ
һƺΪĵܡˣ϶ʲô£ռǵüֺΡĵܡÿһβȥ򣬾æЩʲô顣
ÿ򣬻߰Ｇʲô£ᱻֻˡʤ
ΪˣֲŻ
֮ÿһΡĵܡûк£Ҫùһʱ䡣
ǰҵʱùһöԪ顯ǺǣǡԪ顯Ǻö쾳ǳá͹ùһǸ磬ǡɺ͹ùһʥȸͨĵܰܲܰҽùõġԪ顯Ū
ͻȻЦݣ̬ȷǳѺõ
һˡԪ顱͵һۣҪΪҲɽˡԪ顱ȥ񼧳־Ȼע򵽼ƵġԪ顱棡
ǿѹŭ𣬵ҡͷǡԪ顯ԹùǳҪǾùҪģãԼ͹ùȥ˵ɣ
ɽ·ϣƾͶգǡԪ顱ɽ飬׼˵˵Ԫ顱ѾڼˣУҲΪҪ
ϣŭˣŮ֮ʼղۿͼԣԼ϶ƽáԪ顱һüֹġ
ң˭֪
˭ҪģϷٵЦݣٺٵ͹ùùϵףǶҲֻܹʱȥ˵ԳϢʱĽԪ顯ùһʱ֮ٸ㣬ͻȥ
ʲôɫȻһ䣬Ѿ˲ˣмŭȵȥ͵ùõĻԪ飿磬ǲǷˣ
һôܽС͵أ˵ˣù㣬֪õģҲ㡣ĵܣֻҪҽ°ˣұ֤ԺڼҾԲΪ㣬Ц
Уմȣ֮ŭֱھƾһȼھƾ£ָż֣Ҳ㡢ĸ׵⣬˭ҪǸҴùõ⣬ݹҲ
ֵˣһЦشżգЦ㲻ôĵܰĵܣٲܹôأ
һ£ǲмЦùĵ̺ôѿǼҶ˵ˣˡԪ顯кãԺʵǿˣȥ˻ǸǼҶˣĸأ
ұ죡
ҹһŭıȴӼԶԶ˳ȥһŭ֮󣬼շһ򼧳֣͵سײ˹ȥ
ۿżշײ˹ЦվǶһֻǽԪתſ
ܹۼԪļգǿײҲֻᱻˣһ㶼շƷ
ȻļգȴҲϤļգ
䣡
ըװͻȻһӿȵĴ͵غ뼧ؿڣоԼǱһͷδĽϬݺݵײˣ׳ӣȻһӱײշ
ֺȻһأֻȫʹӹǶɢһ㣬һ±ײˣǶһʱûзӦ
ûվɫļһŭһԾȻֱɾ룬͵ϣֽŲãʼȭߡ
ֻʹоһһµػֹʹȻӵȫͻȻżգͼռҵ˴һ

ס֣һȴ˳һ죬һɲƥеĴӿ֮䣬һӾͽա˷˿
ա˷ֿ֮󣬶ǱףͣǱ
мյŴ˫صż֣һͷ˵ޡ
ոյһ˴򣬼ֻ죬Ԫ֧£֮ǰŤȻûгԿʼõͼַսһ󣬾ǻ̹Ҫ쳤ХˬС
ۼ֣һãȻƺûдзӦǱһ˵ļգһСһ󲡵Ĳӣʮ۸ỹֵļգôͻȻô
֣ˣȻô۸һŭ͵شԶһյүүʤѾ
ʤ֮㲻ݵĿһӣͻȻּҲǱףǶҵĴŴȻ̱ڵϣһûˡ
ǸΪᱻ˵ӼգȻһףһŴȴֱͦһ˱ǹһ㣬վǶȻ
һ̣йļգ˫֮緢䲻ʡ
һ̫õͻȻʣâ¶
⡭ǡôһ£ʤǶһãȻɻǵһʶƵģ۾š



17 ů
ڼʤڵϹӲдӦǼղŶԣΪʲôֱվǶǼ֣ʧȥ̱ڵء
һ٣ҲѶ˵ĶӼ껺ꡢ껹㣬ӼХ֣Ů硢Сйϡˣһ׷׾ۼ
ˣһЩϵʤһŭҲĹĵģ뼧˾Ȼ˼յľǰ

ÿһѶߣһֵز𣬶շǰȻͦһˡ
ϱһһ죬ԻͲ⣬㶵ȫһ˵ļգ׸ովʲô顣
ǼХ硢ССǴΪȣǴۿյļХˣһĿڵ۾գգ
Сһɻһ֣һգС΢ţǾȡ
һʱ䣬ڼľǰ棬мȫסˣȻû˿ڽ
ֶֶ
ȷӦͻȻʧһ嵽ǰµֶǻ쵰ʲôֶζԸģôŪӰµʱ˫޺Ȼص򼧳գ·ʲô治һ㡣
һУŴӾкһŭżգȵգ㾿ʲô£˵
˵ʲôʤͺһŭǳҳ鷳ˣˣѵϾ͸ɾˣ
ʤôһ𣬼ƺʶԼ̵ֵ̬̫һ㣬ͷһ˴лعļ֣üʵ֣˵˵ôһ£
ֲû̫صˣոͼ˴һֽŶŲ˴˶ֻ˵Ƥ˶ѣûһվһķ̫һǱͻȻĴŵģ˲֧
飬˵Ȼ
ǰһеȫƵͷϣҲżջ̹ļԺһоڵļվΪôһͲ֪ôˡ
˵ɡηصż֣ȥ͵ùõġԪ顯˵ҪʲôãвңûӦͿʼùãͺ
ʲôʤŭָż֣֣ȻעԼˣǳ˰˵ҪԪ顯ʲô㻹δ֮ƵĻԪһöûУ˵˭ôɵģ
ʤ䲻˷żֵһۣɭ䡣
йͷȥʤżӵֻ֣һѣʾСĻش
û˭ҸɣԼùùõġԪ顯ÿ֪ùĵܣĵùýˡĵܲӦҲˣҲ֪ʲô裬ͻȻͳҳƴĴҡȻһ˵ˡ
˵꣬˳һ£ͻȻ˭˭֮˶ˣһغ죡
磡ʤɫȻһ䣬Ҳ׷˭ˣæȵʲôӲʣغǽѵѳҲںⲻҪ𣿡
˴Ҫܷ˰ߵֻܹҿûôôˣ˭Ҳƫ̻һغ죬ʹӽҹʼ
Ҳͬ⣡ʤͻȻǰһ˼ǰһץסֱۣ죬˭ҲУ͵
˹ؼʱҲζԼյĴȰ޷˵վ˼ߡ
㷸ʲôأһԼʶȻһ䣬ŭҪסڼңҲһ֮
磬㡭㾹ȻԼѹңʤ˵˳ˣһǿȶŭЦãҽͰѻˣ˭˺գߣƽ䵹ҲˣóȥҾӦ
˻һˣֱϵϵɫˡ
ʤһѲάˣֱս峤˵ȨȻЩЪ˹ˡ
Ҳֱһ̣ղ˹ùü˵һ仰ڼңĲǹùãүү

ȥž˶Ĭʱ򣬼ͻȻȴ˵ôһ䡣
֪˼ʤһľ͹ˣүүʤΪС
ˣʤΪǺˣһֽץȻգʲôү뿪ңүү£
ллүү治¡µûţԼƲסΪʤⲻһе۰
һ仰һ䣬תڵԪһᰴ˼ʤֱ棬ȵԪȻӿ壬ȴػ
ʤȻһ˫ɶƵĿϲһ̻ɣضżգ״ε㡭ˡ㾹Ȼܹǲģ
صص˵ͷׯأüʤʧʱ򣬽ֱ۴г˳˼Ŀ⣬ݲȵ˩ĴʯԣǶڵĴ̳ձֱźķȥ
үүȥˡ磬ҲŶ㡣ڼտ˵ʧʱ򣬲Ų̲˵ôһ䡣
֪Ϊʲô˼һ仰ɫ΢΢˱䡣
ɣԺ׼˵ˣ´ҪݹĲߣ˵һ䣬ϵ֣Լȥˣɢ˰ɣ֮ⷬһ뿪
ߣȸ׼ЩԵġϷ𼧳֣޺޵صһɵһǶԲļʤŴżȥ
ļ˼ѾƽϢϼҲˣҲٶ׷״뿪

ã˶ʧԺ󣬼ʤƺŴԼ״̬ת֣˷ܵڼľǰٵȥôҲ಻סеĿϲЦصૣˡȻʿ⺢ӡгϢˡ



18 
ɽɽУ溮ޱȣŨŨƣǺ԰
˵ںһСˮ̶ˮ̶ˮɽϲϵˮʯŨŨǴɽˮ̶ġ
ԽԽˮ̶ԽŨӦģĺҲԽء
Ӽм𣬾֪ǳͷС׵أںı˵˲֪ٴΡСʱʱЩ꼴żʲô£漧ֱʲôڹҲ
ڼҳûԪǾȻֵܵסںġ
ںĿֲ˵̫࣬뺮֮ʶɭЩӵĻҪ¡
һ뺮ããһӽûɲǼ䣬׹ߣ֮һӲδȥĻյľƾƺͻȻͱûˡ
Щеı֮·Ҫ˳Ŀڱǡ䡢۾ëƵģֽľÿһޱȼѡ
ᵽ˺Ŀ£ﾪ
⻹ֻǶڣռ˵ԽߣĺԽأˮ̶кҪȶ
գڶھˣǧҪˡЩС˴ڶڴ죬ҲֻгХСӽ֮򣬲Ÿڶһξ룡棬ŵĺߺһ䣬µʯŻرա
ֻǼҵˣ˵ǰ̷Ī£ЩĪһֱŲؾ¥ǿźĪһҲ뿪ڣڼմǰټ
͵͵ǰؾ¥ʿؾȴֺʱڲؾ¥¥Īµ̸ʲôһصģҲǺͺϤġ
ĪµƫһԴԵļҶɼΪĺԼյǷǳͰƽڲؾ¥յʱҲͺѯһЩ飬ֻÿÿһĿЦΡ
ȱŹţҶһӦҲҪˡ˸ļգ߶µضԶĺһ
ٿĺҪԺЩϵģͲܹͷЩСˡ溫ǺһЦգСһ㣬ɲǺǵģҪк
ô䣬ڵԪҲֻܹά㣬ҶֲŹء죬м
ҳ֮úͷСһǳԣһҲǴĥǵ˼
ΪںˣÿһļҶɣҪԪʱȻǳϵصҲὫǵԪķѸ߰˰ˣ֮ÿ嶼һʱ䡣
Ҳȫ£ÿһӺļҶɣһμ֮ٴνԪۼʱ򣬻ᷢԼԪٻᾫһЩ
Щ껹㡢껺ꡢЩʵļҶʱǰںһʱ䣬ú⻷ĥԼԼԪΪ

ûм룬ڶڴͣǳɭĺ̲ס˸ԪԪ֮ϱĵطֽůӲֽҲɡ
һں޴ڵĵ˳븹Ϊաڷӣһںһ壬Ȼһ˲١
Ȼã
һϲǴ̳գǹһ˿Ц⣬һѽձ̳ڣ¡¡͹˼ڡ
ȿȡҵľƣ
屻ڻȼյĸоһϮҺڷڣмȼš
ڻ븹ܴȼգԪĺƾǻҵľƾȻپú䡣
ҿ׼þƣȻǺþưôҵľƣҲֻʱȲʱ򣡡Żգֹ˼ڣͻȻЦ
ΪںԵʣͻյҾƾһ壬ȸо̫ɭ⣬ҲûҪոɵܣҲʱоվƾңζ㴼

岻ٱʮɣһƨ£а̳շԣĿʼڵԪڵԪµȹǹ
һ룬̫¼Ժһǳֳżͷı仯̫¼һҳһҳط
μպܿˡ֮һӴ֮ʧˣΪأտյ·ͺΪһ壬һ֡
ͻȻڼս롰֮һǼ䣬ЩİȻһ㣬ǲϵƯ仯ţӼؾۼ
ԶĵҲѸ߻ۣԽԽŨŨǾ۳һѩţӲǽ˸棬ֻһ˲䣬վͱŨŨס
ԶȥŨŨסӣһϼ롣
Ȼ֪Լ쳣׹롰֮ƺûʶȻڵԪȴԶתţȹǹ裬

֪˶ãʯš֨һһαƿˡ
ڡ֮ļգͻȻǸľʶط
ղûۣȴܹظоִʯŽˣʱſڴش
ûԪȻѾӡ֮ѹļգȴܹظܵԪڽĹǽĹ켣
ˣڽͷƤ⡢ЩԪһĵطʱȻһһȡĺͻյľƾ֪ʱȻ͸Щط·ˮ֮С
ָоܣƺǳ졣

磬һЦЦ纮İŵɭ
ЩӽŵŨŨʱͻȻɢݿƮ˻ȥ



19 ث
֨֨
ʯ¹ˡ
һСڶһüͷգһĬԪڱİ
ĵܣǳˣû뵽ȻҺҴ֣Щ㻹ûбҴ°һͻȻȻһЦ˫ȳ˺ٺúˣ
мҶɣһ뺮ҪԪ֮ʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̣δļСϵԪҲֻܹǿں֧ˡ
ˣΪܹƽʱ䰾ȥֲûдں֡
αص֮أ磬ھͿԺ˰
˳վֽԵĻձ¡¡˼ڣŻվҺѸٷ̳Ȼ󲽳żȥ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Щ٣ķˣںһս˭Ҳֲô㲻߳ˣ
ʲôڲ֣ҪǸ۸գݹҲ棡棬õغǳһ䡣
ôһ˵Щĵļ־ȻˣĵֻҪһһǺȻֹ
ˣۼղ߳Ҳرģ߰䱸߲мҵĺĵܣΪ֮ǰ棬ռϷ磿ߣҪûϵͻȻԪ͵Ϯ֣Ҹ㣬ſˡȳ˺ÿģ
ڴʱ
ļգͻȻٺһЦȻ壬֮ǰһ˼֡
μ׼һʼʩЦյȭͷݺݵسųļպ˹ȥ
أ
һȭмؿڣΪ֮һ٣ֻһֲһе򼧳֣һһӻ˼ִӺһס˼ֵͣʹؽϡ
ءء
ֽס͵ļ֣оӾȻܿƵرȥļ֣ȭ򼧳ӱקţЩʹޡ
Ǹǰ򲻻ڵķ
һ̣ǾôҲûϵվȻôô󵨣ȻںھͶˡ

ںڣ˶֮ܵӰ죬һ붴ڣʼתԪԲڶ
Ȼ˼ڻյļգȴķֻյľƾȻֵܹıֻ֮Ҫ˻գҪԪȻůģֽܺӰ졣
ռôˣüּǰȥ
ֵĵһȭȻһۣҲֻһ۶ѣ
ҪԪļ֣֫ܵӰ죬ٶȣԪתѷɫһһȭѾۿֹۣܹա
г죬ֻСûʲôʱһǰˬȻۿŴС۸ļ֣קΪ̬Եؾ˷ܼ
һֱִӶʮɣȷֵᴫʱһɿɫļ֣Ӻݺһ߳Ǿʧļһŵڱʯ棬Ȼ͵ȥֽŲõغ˴һ
ܺӰļգÿʱÿ̶Ҫֳһ־Ԫļٴνսһ泩磬һļ¶ڸĺֻſѣС

أ
һ߳ͼԽճ򶴿ڵļֱ֣һ͵˻ȥ
ֺ󱳺ݺݵײڱʯϣ׺ݵޡ
㵽ôǲһ棿ַصͺ˫޵صżա
𻰣ֹ˼ڻգɫ΢죬ǹŵЦ⣬ô
ƣߵļһύսѴǰҪϵԪںҲܹԼв
ˬļգʹһͼ򶴿ںȣǰһֱӽ߻ȥȻЦЦ
һΡ
ΣֱһŽź߻ԭ֮ͻȻ
ʼһԲôЦЦ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬Щĵļ֣ԽԽ䣬ǶɪɪڵԪҲ֧Ųסĺˡ
ֱ޵۾ЩţԼ䡢ʶҪģʱ򣬲ݡֱ죬ĵܣɱҲɣҳȥɣȥһĶҪˣ˵үүˣүүҲŹ㣡
ջǲֻһСһСڵĺŻա
ĵܣûнⲻĳޣֵܰͷŹɣǰǶ粻ԣԺҲˣĵܣǿһ˰
ĵܣĲˣˣŶһɡ
ˣ

֮ڼֶҪʱ򣬼ղ΢΢һЦǼʵ磬ˣ
æͷˣ
ֻҪң㡢硢硢ǣЩΪʲôңҾĹ㡣ճĬһ£ڳȵ
ǼյһĽᡣ
ЩԵĸоЩ˶żĮһֱ벻ͨΪʲôΪһˣԼ˻ôԴʹƣÿһζǿЦԴƺʲô֮ʮ꣬л֪ˡ
ֻԥһв£ܿˣɥΪ˵ˣǼ֮ԻǵزкܴһԭΪĵܣҵ°Ǻ˵˵ҲŻ۸ģͷŹɡ
ľļ֣һղŵث֣
ȿھưɣҲϳȥ͸ʵʵ졣ʣµİ̳յݸ֣żֹ˼ڣɿֱղűؽС̳˹ȻϥԭأĬĬ˼š
ԭԭΪǸıĸװüͷ֪׵굽ʲôȻҵԴ

ĵܣٸҺһڰɣƻáһ۰Ͱ͵żա
ң
ĵܣٸҺһڰɡ
š
ֹһ
ĵܣٸҺһڰɡĥôãʵ̫ˡ
š



20 
󣬺ǰ
ʤơ껹㡢ϡˣڶǰȺţֻʱһԽˡ
ûʲô쳣ɣƻЩģ²ŸոӵԪļգסĺ
ҡҡͷЦܰûʲôСǳŲסܲߵ춴ˡ
Ľ죬ܹۼԪ飬Ѿܡ
ƴҳһҵ˼ʤɽһеĴ¾˵һ飬ȼʤл˿϶֮󣬺еļĸмˣ
ֱϵϵǶһʱ̴ӼʤеõϢ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺáʤ˵ͷмͣ⼸Ѿֹһǰˣÿһζȷû쳣󣬲Żȥ
ʱ䵽ˣԴ򿪶˰ɣؽɴʱѵµ
ᡰšһǰصʯƿڰɵĺðʱ򣬳ʱѵСӿԳˡ

ڴ̤̤Ųɫ԰ףӶھƣߵ߳Ųأ״Բá
ֶֶû°ɣһģ۵Ҫæǰһץסֱۡ
ɫЩ죬͵͵˼һۣߴٵ߰ɣȻȥ
磬̸ֵ߰ҪŶǺǣ⺮Ҳһõطǰֵܿɴûлú׽̸̸ˡ
ڴյЦһȵؼգشӶ˳ļʤƣչһ񣬵үүùõˡ
ʤһȻֶŲɫ԰ףҪһƤŹأ֪߳ļգһ㲻ƣ̬ȻȽ֮ǰҪȻ⡣
ףںͻȻһϸ˼һͻȻƴЦհ˺ôãһμһԪ֮ں죬ܹģ꣬Ҳû
ȡȺ˵꣬ʤͻȻһĻ
գùøϼϿȥӡȻһЦҲǰһץסյ֣üͷԱߵһۣ˭ҪʲôԼ취ʹһЩֶΣȺԼĺӣҲòʲôô
˻һɫѿ޺޵һקż־ߡ
߰ɹùãǻȥЦЦŵļ֣ζ

ɽţյСľݡ
գںû°ɣʢһ˸żպһ󣬲ſ˵
û¡ҡҡͷŸһļʤүүԪġ
ţǵüǧ򲻿иˡ𲽱ȱ࣬һҪȱŬУʤ˵ͷ
סչԹԻӦ
һѪʤԥһ£ͻȻ
㻹°Щãȵ곤ձҸͻʱ㲻ǶԹڵѪǺɫɫͱˣ
ԣ˵һԯͲͬءʱ䣬ÿĩβԯ˵ڣ϶ˡغǼܷǼ˵ϣãʤһڴֵ
ˣ治֪һôģûϣ飬һԼյһָүүİɡ
չɵؽʤóһһ£һѪð֮һ̾૵ʧˣû뵽һʧҵĳޣԶҲˡ
ʲô𣿡üͷһ壬ͻȻʵ
ûʲôʤվ˼һͻȻգûԯѪҲ㸸һܹ硣٣ֻҪŬˣһܹΪ⡣
һġյͷ

ϣ̳գһ˺
ףգʲôŸոճֱ˽ȥɣŵĺһղûãȻһν
ǣֻǾúǸõطȥһӡЦЦ
ŶһȤʵ㶥סĺǺǣЩҪļ˵в٣ŸոӵԪľ͸ģҿǲ
İɺҶסҪǶסȻġ
ǺãȥɣҪܣһоӲʣϾͳ˵Цһŵ˵ͷʯŴ򿪡

ɵŴ̹ǵɭһӽûˡ
Ԫı䣬һ򺮱ԽߣԽأֱԶԶǲðŰĺ̶һºĳ̶ȣ뺮̶ʮɵĵطϥ
һ̳տڣձŹ˼ڣŻȵľҺȼգ𽥷ɣתڵԪµĹ
Ǽ䣬һν롰֮
Զ̶еİŴʯһδƮݳԲϵؾۼ
ֻһŨŨİһѩŰ㽫סЩ͸Ŀڱǡסëϸ壬תԪʱ򣬺ĻĬĬر仯š
͸֫ٺ
ںʱ򣬽ڶڵĺҾƻգÿһδӡ֮󣬶ܹظܵı仯
ֱ仯ôģһʱҲ˵ףȴ֪Լ״̬£ԽԽǿ׳ȻһݣȻȴ֪㲻ʹκεԪҲԽԽ˶ˬƺʹľ
·ڻպͺ˫Ӱ£屻һشһǧشĥһ̥ǡػо
̵ʶ״̬Ժ϶ΪΪÿӡ֮תʱ򣬶ܹ·ɸԪһԪٶҲԽԽ졣
£ʱ䣬ճʵڶòгȥ̻һ֮⣬ʱ䶼ںڣںͻյ˫ӰĬĬ
̳ձȹ֮û˻գվȻҲη庮ı壬ƺѾȫӦ˺ɭ䡣
·𡭡ԼҲ˺һ֡



21 ̶
Ҷ׷ɣˬ
ʯŻƿµļգǹѲЦݣݲȵشӶ˳
ں޵Ԫαȫ裬ںĺͻյĻң˶̥ǰо
һɨȥҶϸ΢·ƺܹһ̣ƺö˶
һµĿֺΪһĴ·ֻҪһͿԳ˷ȥƵġ
Сӣ治ǰʯ棬ֶ˴ɫĲ̾
ȻһЦչһ񣬵л
һ£շʳںӣ³ԵڶڡΪ˺ڻʳ΢ش㣬ſ԰ĵںһ²뿪벽
Сдǻۣ˵𡣡ĬһͻȻ
㼪ԣгһҪеɾͣȻǵúһĲ͡ϵ
ˣٸҹԻҩˡЦһ䣬ߴٵȥɣԪ̶ȣѾѡһֻʿؼˡ
ţҲȥؾ¥һءЦЦֺͺ˼䣬ؾ¥ķȥˡ

ؾ¥ڼƫƧĽ䡣
һȣҶɲ׼ѡʿؾؾ֮⣬ƽؾ¥ֻĪһ˿
ǰ磬ʱСع۲һȷؾ¥Χû˺͵͵ؾ¥ǰߵţĪţҡ
֨ѽ
ؾ¥յĴһǣٿһ˽ȥĪ½ؾ¥غ֮󣬼չضĪ񣬼Īµ˵ͷ֮ЦĪţԪˡ
֪ˡĪ΢΢һЦȺ͵ôŬܹۼԪǿϹˡţóٶȼ죬ӹǱǰ׳ʵˣؾ¥Ҫؼɣ
ѽȻԪǲãû취̶ȵķӳ̹ȻϣЦ˵
ĪǴʱҲʿؼֻеʱ򣬲ܹԪͨͷųҲֻǸʱܹؼӳ
Īһ£ҪӣʱȲҪѡؼԪܹתӣͻƵ֮ؾ¥ʱԸѡһؼ
ȻĪŵġһ£ЦЦٳɣȻˣҸؾ¥ǺǣմĪˡ
ãֻҪ㲻ɣûԯѪĳɾҲһǿ˵Īһ̾п̫ʤҲ̫һ㣬ҪǵҵĻʵʵشι̣뿪ң»ϣҫء
ĪţܲܽҵңһĪ˼죬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ԥһ£ſʵ
츳ѣڼҵڶУʵԶԶǿ껹㡢껺꣬ǰɽҽϾһ˺ɨҵڶʿҳһУ֣
Ī³һ£ֵΪ̫Ҳ̫һ㣬ҳǶ˲ˣ֮ǰ뿪ˣ֮һЩ飬ĪžͲ̫ˡӡ
Ī½ƺԸٶ˵·жɻƵġ
հţһĪţȻȥˡ
ţǵһԪ֮ʱ򣬶Լ壬ںͺܺãֻҪȥʵˣĳɾһ֮ǰĪֶһ䡣

ҳǣ߷
ޣ湻⻹ûУһվʹߺ
Уſڷ죬ˣվǽżһȻȥ
תӵ죬Ǿϲοƺá
ʮ̳գܴپʹ٣ݣָŰڷһ̳̳ƣԼ˵
ףԭĿأȻҲɵӰˡ
һʱڷĻǿɣǻֻռһǡ죬ûһ̳ɣڷľѱ˻ա
Ҷˡ쳶˳ǣ
ҲãҲֿɺûˣҾƺˬ죡һЦк죬Ҳæҽ̳ߡ
̳ôʮ̳ɣһزݾܾ·ľƲҪɱƵģץ˼̳ƾȥ
㻹治۰ȻЦҡҡͷ컹һˣľƣóȥרΪ׼һ
һ֮󣬼Ĵϣѱʮ̳ա
ϸһ飬ȷʮ̳ƲԺ۾գǰʲôȥϵ˰̣ԭҲ֪ʱҳȥһˣ˵ܹκΰ̺
ʲôɫȻһץȴһˣʵ
ЩΪܹùüϵĵ̺ۣҲ취ϧСûһ㷨ӡ
ֹһʹ죬֪֪ʲôϵ˰̣ÿһ춼ǳĬʾԼһ֪
ȻһȻ⣬һӱעףӲЦ˵зӣǾͱȻзӣ
ǧϽܵĭһа̺ۣ϶
ǧϽʲôطУռʡ
δС
δʲôطУʡ
̶ٴ
˻һɫȻһ䣬һȵ̶
Ƕ̶ͷ˶٣شżգʵô£
£ֻǾڵʵ̶ӦǱɡЦ
δɫţЩܶ඼о綾һƶһ˽δֻҪһͻжһЩʵʿҲ⡣
˶֮⣬δиָޣһЩ׶޲һʿδҩԪʯЩǰδѰʿ٣δʿ͸ˡ
δУǶ̶⣬˵δΪײо綾޶ڶ̶ûǶĶҲأǰδðյǿʿδ֮ҲҪԶԶ̶ܿҿǶһ
ǧϽܣȻôһ׵е׵أǲ֪Ǻˡʱ붾̶϶Ǿһ֣֮뿪ѣǧϽܿȡĭˡ
һԪ֮ȥˣɣȥˣû
ôó۵ģտЦá
Ĭζֲش
أҾһѣǶ̶ôʹ֪Ϊʲô˵ջˣһϵ̺ۣһۣͺˡ
ȥ̶ʱҲǵôϻաȰ˵··ע⣬쳶˳ǣȾƣ׳
ҪǲĻȫߣչһЦ͵һɽȥ
ֻҪȥˣǸһڣ˭ɱءһֱǶءڼʧʱŵ



22 
δ
ɫĶϼһ㻺չҫ£δǱһ޵ɴɫ
δˮ̶СдеûжǵȻһЩ̬ӯˮ̶ʳݣƺŵԡ
ܹӦޣҪôӴƤҪôģª޶
̵δĺˮƹһ˵һƽˣܹʿδҲգ䲻ͻᱻ壬Ǳûײ޼ϮժһЩݣ촦ˡ
ÿһʹǰɽݼǬƽ̹壣ҲǶ˽ӣѡһЩ޽ٳû·Խδ¾ӴȺ޾鷳

δѾˡ
һֱǻСرܹЩƶŵĶҪʱ̾ͻȻðޣνǲһ㶼Һ
ڱؾ֮ϿƲɢɫһԽա
ĬĬ۲ŵļգ಻֪СޣһСĴ붾ǵĵش˶ãЩðȻصСף̱أһӱḯãֻװĹͷ
ڶǵȻŵģ񽣳Ϭ֮ײޣЩѾӦ˶ޣˣһƤǰٶֵļףƢ꣬ڶУʱʱһпѪȵزɱ
Զ
ͷѪƾȻһʹܳҫײݣݺݵشһͷ󸽽ǻĽϬϣѸקУ
ˮĽϬͷѪƾز
һĽϬȥѪӽˮ˺ҧƤ⡢ʳǽڵëȻش˳ȥ
һ͹һڻգŻڷڵͣ԰ģôη塣
ֱʱ򣬼ղᵽǰǾ仰Ⱦơ׳
տЦлճţһײСѪȲɱûǰٽһˡ
ҹĻȻ١
¹δʱ򣬿ļգڵȵǧѷĻᣡ
ɫƶδ󱱱Ʈȥˡ
һ̣
ͻȻˣһ̳գ˳ȥСرܹѪƾûأһеݺ۳ңֱδȥ
һÿþӰһԻεҶЩʱûײޣһڵ֧£ϵذʾԼһΪ˹ùϵİ̺ۣûҹɫпӡ

Ȼֹ
ǰһȳζ˱ǵĵشһͷĵĴתšǰ˻Ľ򼣬Χ޴򼱳ϽڣС۾׹⣬ǽߵ
һСƲ»ᷢһ죬ѵ˻صһ컹֦ҶïʢޱȵĹԣɵȥ
ѪȲпսʱĻվǰѪսȻѾˡ
ѪһأſڶϣʱսƷ
ֻһǶһѪѱʳɾֻһ׵ǣһŰɫƵƤ
ԱĽ򼣬Ͻ˼֣ȥ

֮ȷѾԶˣϸϸشһܣûһͷ޵ʱȻַ
һɫǰղòһͣһûе̫ʱ䣬ֻһʱ䣬ǵɫڲϼʱƮһˡ
ŷٴδȥ
նЩ嶾ײޣȺŲϳֵĵ·Ʈߣļѵأһδ
ʱһΣһѹ
;ֻһЩҰļգǧգڿ˺ɫƵĶ̶̶̶ˮҲǰɫ顱ðˮݣˮ֮ɢŻĵ̡
ԶԶűɫֵĶ̶ռֱᡣ
Ȼ̶ֶϷĶڶ̶еˮ̶еİɫˮϵðݣζϷĶԶɢ
˵ǧϽܾڶ̶кɫʼƣ̶ܹҪѰǧϽܣ
һĿɬüͷ˼ſ̶ķȴ޼ƿʩ
кòʡС̳ĻգС̳붾̶ļգû⣬а̾һڵͲ˺ճüĴֹ̳˼ڡ
ŨҵľȻӻ̳˳ȥ
ͻȻ䣬ǰض̶ĹУˡɳɳƶ̶̶ˮ죬ƺҲд˳
˼ڻյļգŨҵĻȼգһʱԥ֪ǲӦüȥ
ڴʱļգ˶̶
Ǽ䣬ոջüļգȻоֻ֣Ǵһ̣ͻȻҪȥ
̶һͷͷ״ײжޣ׹ڣ·ʲôζһ㣬Ȼֱ˹
֮ǰʶѪƾϬߣɽļգٻܹгЩ޵֡ȻӶ̶ޣȴһι״зѪߡоͷĹ񡢻д̳Ыӡ
Ϊһ˴Сܣ޵ƤƳϽɫſĴɭɭغӺѪζԶԶ˳ȥ
ǧϽܣ
дУȴҵͷȥȡеĭĺˡȲһײѪȵޣǧϽܵģ֪Լûһʤ㡣
ôô󣿣
пУһֱΪǧϽܹҲСҲӦһ㣬ʵȴԶǲпģǧϽǰʱ򣬼յˣҲ״κ졣
ģ

ոûжܵĵٶҲԶԶǧϽܣſʮɵʱǧϽܺȻ׷һԾֱ䵽ǰ
δȼסӣǧϽѪڴţݺݵҧ˼ȡ
ǣ
յʹĴʹУ˲ľѪҲ˳
ҧҧ
ʹϮһǣ޿־壬ǽԪ˵ȭͷ棬ݺݵغǧϽϡ
һ£¡
ǧϽܲδۼɿǼͲסǧϽеľ綾ʶģ
صغ֮ǰһ춯صı͵شԶ̶˳ԶԶһ޴ĿֲޣӶ̶һԾ죬һߡ
״ޣһ֮ȫſԭһܷɵĶԼ͵طڵأǽҧȲŵǧϽܣҲ˿ڡ
һХֲľ޴˲併٣溮޵һצ͵شǧϽܣһӽǧϽ嶴ڵϣֱʱղûʶصںˡ
֪ʱȱǧϽҧѪڣðѪѪСȻŵɫ



23 

֪˶ãƤӳصض˶ת
һۣԾǺĶһоĶؿڶµûţ·ʱᱻƵġ
Ҳ룬յתԪ뿴ܷԪƳ⡣
أԪʱѪƺڵĸоȻһʹ죬ڵĶ·źմƤëϸ˳ȥؿܵĸоһӾ͵Ȼ޴ˡ

һ͵
ӹµתһȦȻԼȻڶ̶ԱţĺɫŶ̶̶ˮ顱ðƮݳͷ۳˶
ǧϽأ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ռæȥ֮ǰҧȥԪףȴͻȻоȵĴ̹ʹͷһϣһǧϽҧµĳӡ
ף
վһŵȣĴ󲻽⡣
ڻ֮ǰؼǵ˺ۿɲӡһѪѪȻ֮ɼǵѪȴˣֻ²ǳĳӡôһ£
Ŷ˶ȣֳʹ⣬ƺҲûʲôסûĸоҲûиõļ
ǧϽܣвǺо綾
ոɻˣѵվĿԶԶ֮ǰĵطŷǧϽѾˣϱһ޴ѪſſǶһ
ĭ
һղٶ룬ֻǵһеĿģЩѵһƶӣ׶ĵĴۣһʱ䣬ǧϽſڵĵط
˿ǧϽܵɭɭѪڣŻȳζȡ׼õİƿСؽǧϽѪճĭռȽƿװ֮һųЦݡ
ΣǧϽܵĭǵõˡ
һ뵽ɲĵ̺ۣܹճĭվ̲ס˷

Ъһӣոоƺôʹʱ򣬲ŽԱߵС̳¡¡͹˼ҾƣϸоӼ͡
ƳһԵǧϽܣշȻѿޱȣǱһǵĶƤȴѩѩ׵ģ⾹ȻӨ󣬿ζӦò̫
תתǡɿԱĿ֦һЩٻؽЩ֦۳һѣӻͳһСذףǧϽܶƤ֣һѩ׵˳һ֦˿֦ϡ
óʯȼϵζϣһζʹһǧϽܵĿ˳ȥ
㣬û뵽ⶫȻªϵȴʵһ䣬ʶ촽׼ˡ

ˮĽ죬ͻȻԶĶ̶˳һģ׶Ȼ޴￪Х޴ֻһѾԽʮɾ룬䵽˼ǰ
һޱȿµľ޴ޣͶ̶̶ˮɫһ㣬ʰɫ⻬ƺҫڹ⣬ѪеɭݣһֱպһҧȥʲôѪƾʲôϬͨͨҪӲ˺ѿ
ɵͷ޴ޣȻûëȴɹǽ߽ǾȻǵһһַâϬĸо

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һֱɽɽŵļˣ֮⣬ҲҳעֻһģΪˣҶ˽⣬ԶһҪࡣ
үүˡүүʤ̸δ˵޺еδУֲµľδ޵ߣӵ޳
ǼˡʤˣĴ˵Ҳ̸ֻģȻżҲԽδ̽̽ĵȴÿÿر̶ܹ޾ۼĴ֮أԴδ֮
Ȼֻǿһۣվ͸ҿ϶һͷò;޴ޣδ޳İ
Ӹ˵ӡʵ̫ˣδҲһ£ûκһͷϣܵ˲档
οڻ֮ǰӶ̶һԾ죬޳ڵصĳһצ£ײеǧϽܣӲ̴壬ֱӶڵϵģ

϶ΰԺ󣬼ոǻҶ۽ϰ£֪Ҫʲô
һ˫ɫľ۶Ƭ̣أƺûиܵŭôƽżգɫľ۾ȻȻЩ͡
ȻΪԼзĹŹ뷨еЦôһΰȻôƵͷԼЩ˼
һмŵǧϽϵһ⣬ζԽԽŨڼղ֪ǺõʱͻȻɫľۣȻпŵһ⡣
·𡭡ζˡ
һǹһĻȣŽиոտһ⳯˹ȥ
һ⻹δ䶨쾱һڽ£׽һȫȥ
һٶһܹһ⣬һھ͸ȥӣ̰ζƺԲþ׽ֱӾ븹̫ˣ
ȻһӣһºȻųɫľۣ۰Ͱ͵żա
ʣûУ
УȵȣվоЩЦͨ²˼ģû뵽Լǵˡ
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һμûжԥȷѾԺ󣬵Ӹ˲٣׽һȫȥ
ûУ
۰Ͱ͵
ͷ󺹣Ҳ֪ǼģǱһ濾ġ
ĳע£ƶӿʼۼ֦ȻǧϽֳһ飬һ֦𣬼ڻϿ
һ飬飬顭
˴СǧϽϵѩ⣬Ժ󼸺ȫӸ;Ҳ˺һ߳Ա߿ֱҲûʱŲ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
޴һХȻ˶̶붾̶
һհһգҲȵʹҪϽռõĭ뿪Ƿ֮ء

ִӶ̶Ծٴֱżշ˹
ۿӴѸٽӽֱᣬĵûˣ㲻ҪҰɣ
ף
ͻȻһ޴צ£ƺץŸںĶһΣƺǼҪġ



24 ҫͺԪ
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צºںĳ£ͻȻɿӿ͵һ޴ĺͻȻݳһԲεӡ
ǶԶļһ⧲֮£ĳһģǱ
治֪ľʲôӲߵȻͽҳһӣɼǶΪˡ
Ժ󣬲ûͣƬֱ̣ӵͷַɻ˶̶·רͶġ
ۿͷΰ붾̶һȻɫȻȻʧЦǳҵ⣬öҶɣ
ɫŹֵҡҡͷһȳһյҳӣЩѵӣ۱һεĺںĶ
Ƕǰ棬ϸͻȻһ뵶ʵĳʺ͵ֲ֪ǷΪڶ̶ʱ̫ˣ渲һں࣬ԶԵ÷ǳ֡
ף
һվڳԵļգľͣȴͻȻӦеĳƺǿҵ
أأ
סĳУϴ죬·𡭡һǿڳϵţ
ͫǺȻջû飬ʿ״Ҳ֪һ׾ﵽʿͿԴһԼԼľѪ͸ϴӵʶԺԼĻܹӵ
Ȼռն쾳ʶӵʶȻԣҲǰĳһ㡣ԶԶվԱߣ͸һĸоǱʹסĵȵ͸ԵЩˡ
һտǱŪ˵ĳ˺һǣ˺µȥóࡣ
ͻȻ䣬һظоӿ뼧ͷһڳϣԼҲءؾǼ䣬ͳʱһ£ͻȻһ
Ҳһ̣һޱĴ·𡭡Ϊһ壬е࣬һ࣡
һľ죬պܿ콫һøɾҲ¶
ΣǷİɫƣЩƸһޱȸĸоģ֮ǰֵͷЩƣʵʲôɣȴһֹµĸо
һǣС֡ҫΪҫ
ѵ϶Щͷˣն˶壬һ뷭һ棬ȫøɾ

أһȫʹ˳ֶܹ˶ϵһʹȴָܹ⵶ʲ֪ĳγ
Ϊҫγ֪ʲôɣʵ̫һ㣬Ȼýȵļն޲ߡòҲβ
ε̱ڵϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿϲ֮ĳΡ

һˮĽӶ̶޴ڴХצһǷҫںڹīɫʯͷһѽʯͷʮʯͷžžһء
żתһȦ֪ǲ֪òһһȻÿղŪһߣ޴צһץҫֱӷ˶̶
ҫߣȴΣһξͽҫ˵ǲԸ⽫ҫֻ˵˵ʵ̫΢ˣȻҫߵʵûС
ˣгһ㹻ǿˣҪҫˣֻܹοԼ̾ʧһӣŽתƣ䵽ڶδ档

Ԫ
ƤһȽŵʹԾ͵سԱߣһīɫʯͷ
ʯͷһ֣īԪϾͷĿѣĳӰԺ
һԪͷĿѣĸоʧӰ٣˶֮󣬼һϲһ̣ƺϵĴʹˣȻ㵸
ԪһּΪϡ١ΪԪʯһֿԪʯԶɽ뼧ƵĻԪ黹Ҫϡࡣ
һԪʯԴһЩĿֱеϡԪʿΪһЩԪ飬ĳá
ԪʯУȴֱܹģ
ʿ֮ʼбز١˵Ҫһ֣
ֻ㹻ǿˣһЩʿؼܹ£ĻܹܹлͻƵľ硭
֮һַǳҪÿһʿһ¿๦ޱܿһֵĿԣ
䣬ܹԪʯĶѾףܹԪܹ漣ˣ
ΪԪʯеһ֣ԪʿУֵ֮һ
˷ܵļգһʮĿСȵĺԪϸϸطŽУεأŹЦԼ̶һռ˱ˡ
߳ӣ϶ûжļգҲżˣǧϽǱµƤһĴָϸĳľ޶ݡһռһСС
ʱ֪Щʲôãҿ϶ǧϽܣ϶һǱȻص֮үү͹ùüƺȻܹ֪á
Ҳûм뿪̶׼סˣȻٻؼңϾȥ·;лһΣأֻбֽ֤ˣܹĻᡣ
һ죬վʹڶ̶Աߣƻʱ֣ͻɳ̶ʳ
˶ãͻץһѪܵ޻ץЩ޶罣ϬѪƾ֮ľ޴ڣǱӵǰʱ򣬶
ᳵ·Ƥ⣬ܻ𣬼ӵζϺ濾áȻȻģСݣԴݡ
󣬼ղȫãδЩ޵̲£ЩݵҲý׳һЩȻԶԶ缧ұĶǿȴҲû˼
Ǹһ־ȡɷĸо
ӣҹϢʱ򣬴սƷϢȥ
һ·ϣСܹЩɽһޣ;ҲһЩգҶƽڶʮڳδ
ؼˣһХǰɽȥУװǧϽĭСƿӡ


25 ʧ̬
ɽҡ
絽ң·ȴûмһˣʱ䣬ʱ򼧼һ䳡Ԫ壬ƴʱӦָǣֱ䳡ȥ
Ȼһʱ䳡ǣˡʤȳҲ䳡ڣһư
䳡ĵشХɫ԰ףǰɢһϵʯ
ֻɨһۣվ֪֮ǰ䳡϶ʲô飬ҪȻˡʤЩɫѿ˵ز
䳡ԽһЩϵˣȻվ˼󣬳ʧʱᳶ˳Ƶ½ǣСʵùãôˣ
ƻͷƳ˼һۣųһЩεĿЦɽҵ˸ոˣǰߡѩѾͷʵȻѾͻƵ֮нХܣ˵һӴԺҲһս
ɽЩϵģǼǼң˵ǼҴӵʼҲȲңѩѾͷһõƷ壬ʮͽ׵֮Х֮мֱϵСȫˣҰܰǲҰܣһȫСѹȥˣ
һɬؿŶԷǿ̬ȴΪָоǷǳ˱ܡ
ôһ˵ղ򼧳֡硢СˣȴһͼХһҲǻͷɥģǱǶĬԡ
ջʤƳ˼һۣ
Ӽ߳ǰһչɵүүֶ˼ˣӣһһ
ĮȻ˵ͷ˵ɢ˰ɣĲҰܴҶǼҼǵýĳ裬úø
ЩɸֵָżХһˣ޺Ȼͬ䣬ôƫƫһأ˼ЩСģʵͻͽȴֹǰ˼ȡȥҪһֱѹ̧ͷˣ
һģôõһǼҵĻᣬǲŹġŰɣԺÿһأǾͻСǼҫһˣʤҲŭӸոҲЩĲᡣ
ͣһ£ʤգҲҪŬȡΪǼ⣬˼ҰǼҿˣ
֪үүæͷҲŬΪѩܵĴ㡣
һɽĲǼǱߵˣԵңүүʤ׹ùüҲͬܵ˲Լѽɽҵ˵ˡ
ɢ˰ɡ˺ûշʤôһ˵̲ߺһ䣬ɫЩͷ
ôһȣмӵܣɢˣХЩ˺ɨļСһԲͷȥֻһṦ䳡ֻʣ¼ʤơˡ

գȥĶˣùںû˶ȥ֮󣬼ƲЦʵ
ùȥܹϰ̺۵Ķȥˡ΢΢һЦ
֣ɫһǳһ䣬ԼЩˣգùϵİ̺ⱲӾˣùðô෽ûãүүҲ취һܹĵ̺ʲô취
˶٣ٵù֪һƬģùͲٱκϣˣӦùãԺʱ䶼棬Ϊùȥùˡ
۾ЩɬЩʣùãҵˣ
ͷЦҵʲôǺǣôöûҵܹȥ̺۵Ķ⺢ӣѧ˵
鼤ͣЩشӻĵ´УʢǧϽĭСƿȡصݸƣʵùãҶˣⶫĨϣ죬ϵİ̺۾ܹȫ
ȻţνؽСƿУ⿴һۣЦʣʲôô棿
ǧϽܵĭմ
𣿡ǲں־׼սڴӣûĶһ¡
ʲô˵ʲô
ԱһֱļʤͻȻһżգһزš
ôˣһЦǾüʤСֵͦ֡
գ˵ҵʲô˵һΣʤֻǲżգҲȵ
ǧϽܵĭһ²ʤӦΪϵ˰취֪һǧϽĭá
㡭֪ǧϽܵĭãǡƿװģġǧϽܵĭôģһ⣬ʤɴȴֽͰ͵ʳ
ǧϽܵĭдһ϶
㡭˵ʲô˼˼ҪѣεĸоһҪĵزͬҡ
ǰһæӷã
ףԼѾˣϢ˵ʵ̫һ㡣
ƣƴ󣬵Ⱳû취Ϊ㱨ѩˡЩҲֻĴ˴ʲô취ܹϵİ̺ۣϣܹûãʼղܹΪЩʲôҲûҵӣôˣȴ֪ǧϽܵĭȷǶ֢ҩҩϧô꣬Ҳ֪ĶǧϽܣûΪ㽫ϵİ̺ʤһȻ
ƵûǰĻȫע䵽Ǿ䡰ǧϽܵĭȷǶ֢ҩҩˣ
ò׵ȼʤ˵ˣҲƲסеĿϲͼһץסյ֣ץԽԽգǡǧϽܵĭǣô
ǣտ϶
ءء
ƵӴȵز͵ʧޣЦǶһһЦЦЦ˿ޣɵһ㡣



26 ̶ˮ

֮󣬼ֽʢǧϽĭƿ͵һȥԣ
ʤƳ˼һۣͻȻʵգǧϽܵĭʲôطģ
δ󣬶̶
ʲôʤͼˣͬʱгǲŵżգ
ɽôãȻ֪δĶ̶ʲôطʤȻҲȥδȴȥ޺еĶ̶˵̶ˡ
Ժ׼ȥ̶ʤն
գүүĻԺҲҪȥ̶ˡǸطɲһܹȥ˵ģƾŵ
šĲɵصͷӦŵսСһݸʤһݸƣүүùãڶ̶ģҲ֪ʲôãȥɡţҶеȥŪԵģһǰǱҡգתȥ
̶Ժ㳣ȥܾǶǳ¼ʤ̫඾̶飬ȱһܡ

뿪󣬼ʤ˺طС˰صĶ
ʲôƤôϽɫüͰƺ
ǧϽܵƤݡӣһʶļʤ͵شһ˼ǰٵǧϽһǱϽƤˮ֣Ա֯ɱףҲƳƤʣǸƳĹңݺ綾ܹڶ棬ˮˮܽⶾ⣬ɶǱﰡ
žž
񼤵ʤн⿪СУһغʯ
ԪƴСץһԪϸĸһ£ǿϲǺԪԪ
ʤֻһƺЩԽʵֻһ£ʤæͽе죡죡˿ˣ


̳գնɲˮ̶ķȥ
һԶӰͻȻӳüͷһ壬ɨһۣ硣
ǼХɽѩлܵʱһĮƺûյʺĿǶһããûӱ˺
ХûдյҲЩѾϰЩ䵭̬ˣֱԭ͹˼ڻգ뼧Хʮ׵ķʼĬȻ
Ǽ䣬ս֮
ͻȻˮ̶ϷΪŨİŴʯȻһŵƮԲϵؾۼѩһס
̶ļХо˰ı仯͵˳һѩŵļգ˫֮üͷȴš
Хôƺڰ˼ʲô
죬ХͻȻվȻһȻֱӳһȭݺݵ򼧳ա
׹֮ļգܵزһԪӿʶأֳƣϮԪؾ֮·ϡ
أ
Хȭͷݺݵغģһɾӿ˼壬ڱĵϡ͡˼ɣײںǽ棬ֹסơ
ۣͺȵ磬ʲô
ϣХȻ˵ͷܲȳ֡Ӧ࣬ԪƺҲһЩ
ôһ˵յˣС󼧳Хû仰ÿÿĿⶼӣȻ̬һǣȴѵõƽ
ҪǣХĿ⣬Ҳûһ֮⣡
Ҫҵ΢΢һЦȻ
šХͷԥһ£˵ں˺ܾãȴˮ̶֮ˮ溮֮Թֽˮ̶һ㱻ɱ񣬲ºϸ룬ܹˮ̶ˮ溮֮Ĵ̼ܹǱǵԪۼٶȺ̶ȶԶԶǿһˡ
˵Хһ£ŵոʱҿһţҷȻֻһԪ֮ͺ̶ȴǳˣ룬Ӧú̶֮ˮ
ȥԡ˵汻ˡ
ڲܣҸոԹȻԪȳ֡Ҫһ㣬ǻԶԶﲻ뺮̶ĵزҿֻܹ֮ȥ̶ԡХæҡͷ
ҲûмŹȥԥһ£ΪʲôЩ
ХȻûȥգתȥżյԽѩҲܹһֱѹƣҿϲѩţܹںһѹһƷСӵ棬еϣ
ⷬ꣬Х֪ǲµطüհȻֱߵʯţӰį˳ȥ
㶵ؿżХ߳ˣŻ
ͻȻ䣬շԼХԹޣһӼࡣҲǴһͻȻʶʧȥĵļХԶҲȲɽҵѩˣ
ɽңʱʱǰҫǲҲüСʧȥģĵ·ѸһıӴ㣿
һͻȻԼͼǧҫϵһһŻһ͹ֱ࣬źĺ̶ᶨһ˹ȥ



27 
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һʯˮΣڼռϡ
ǵĺһˮ浴˵ĺ뼧壬һӽӲÿһޱȼѡ
ણણણ
һεʯϵˮΣļ򡢲ţ֮Ȼӵ˼ȫֽŶ˻£һںðŰãã
䣡
վһо·Ѿˮ̺ĺǰããĺҪʮȻϾͻΪĸо
һڿڹȥҵľҺڷȴܹںԽǽӽ̶ʯˮεԽƵ뺮̶ɾʱԼ忪ʼܲסˡ
ؿź̶ߣȴٽһ
̫ˣ
һʶХȰ˵ȷǽԣһԪ֮Ϊˮζôѣһ뺮̶֮Уֻ·һˡ
ϵغˣ
֮󣬼ѾԶ˺̶ٳԽ뺮̶̶ˮиӳǵı
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һڿڻ븹վ֮ǰХĵطͣڻյĻڵԪ˴ʱ䣬Žڵĺڵ
һʮ죬վλԼ׹֮ɣʶտյۼԶ̶ϷŨһһش塭
º󣬼շַʽԪȷˣȴʼղܹԪתԺﵽһԪ֮һؿ
Ϣ񣬼սԺе̫¼һҳҳҳһζؿ޲ǰ취ľҪá
̫¼ĸ꣬ΪȻأ̫¼塣
һʱ䣬ʶʱ״̬ʺϼںޡ
ϵ߳û֪κˣҹɫУһطδ
δľï󡢺鲼˸޻ݣؼһϡٵıأָоֻδܹͻһϡ
һμղǰ̶ǲعһδߣԼ׵ط
ûľͣһ·ϲȥ飬һԲؾٲݾרһЩϡŹֵĻݱϡ
ٲݾڲؾ¥һ㣬ʽ飬صĶһЩϡŹֵҩݣʹ˵֮ر
Ǽһδδ󷵻ؼҵʱȥؾ¥Ī½ģδһ鱦ʢǶ̶һҩݣֻԭʶ֡
£˰ٲݾδһЩ컨ݣϣܹҵһЩ̺ԪΪԼΪүүùõһЩ
ԪȻǼϡеıʵܹ֮Լȫ˼ʤˣʤ˵˺ԪҲչϣܹںԪ
ף
һҶɫСɢݳ˵ζȴһŵζ룬ٲݾϸһ飬վһǻϲ
Ҷ̷ֱܹ֮ԪѪ쾫ʱѪҺҺҺɵٶ죬֮ʿΪá
һһţԶԶͶ󴦣Сع۲һȷûѪƾʱĿҶժˣСƿС
ڴʱһԶ
ٶȻӿ죬ĵصȥһͷײɫǵһƬïС
ǰһĴӣź໡Уð𵭵̣һ㵹ز
ɫһķΣͻڲʼ˵壬ܹӦһЩޣʵǿ󵽿Ԫסķεʿ⣬һһ붾һʱ䣬ͻȫá
ȴطƺδӰ죬Դڶ̶аȻͷһ붾ѪͻһСᣬЩƺת˲֮ʧӰˣж
δĶ¡ֲĵ̶ϷĺɫǶĶû˿Ӱ죬ĶȻˡ
ҲǼոҶδԭ֮һ

һʱȻǰ̶ļգһɵ
Žӽ̶͵һûжκϵ¿ͻȻֺδΪһ
ûпԪȻֱӽ֮ȻҵվǶ·һӴ֮ʧˡ
һѼĲӼϵΪģδŨԪȻ˻ۣϴе
տյ꣬Ȼһ
һ̣һ˿ظӿͷ֮ʧļգͻȻʶҵĴڣܹظӦδ޴ڵԪڻ
һԪһůһӳԺͻȻˬ۾䡢ƺĿԿĺԶܹԳ΢ӿᵽʮɿһҰջϵζ
ףһϣҲˡ



28 
δ󣬶̶
ǳһݳ⣬ްš
ϥڶ̶Աߣһ֣ԪһһƺͻȻʧԪһ£һʧḷִָָ́Ʈݳɢ
֮
ﵽ磬ԪѾԴ³ͬģҲΪؿֽšƤëϸסԺֻԪԴֽšëϸסԺЩطȫ緢ǽ˴Բ
һԪǣǱ仯
֮Ҳһ䡱֣ԪԴͷųԪͿγɸָı仯ؼ߶Ա仯˵ʽԽԪʩڱ棬𵽹á
֮Ѿʿؼˣؾ¥ĪҲ˵һͻ죬ڲؾ¥Ϊѡһʿؼ
ͻƵ֮󣬲ûɽңȥؾ¥ĪʿؼǼδ󣬴һؽԪı仯գȵԪֽܹšƤëϸסȫͷųԺȥؾ¥
оĵ֮ͣ೤ʱ䡣

磬Զˣ
棬ζ˱ǵĿ⣬ƽƵģžʳ󿪣óͣ𼸴ص⣬һֳֻͣķš
ԶȻӶ̶ڳХҶ׷ɣһͣڼǰ۰Ͱ͵濾Ľ⡣

͵һ죬ɭɭ޿ͻȻſһѽҧס˦һͷһ޿ڵУһͣǱ˦˼ա
ۼ·̽׼ȷؽץס
һ齣ϬϵĴⱻ棬ؼڻ濾ϡʳΡݲҶ棬ܿأŨŨζִʹŵ

δѾϴˣʱڣղܹԪֽ緢Ҳ꣬һһޣⶾ̶ԱߣĿԣץʳ
һײ涾ΰԼȴѺõţڶ̶καһ¶׶Ŀ⣬Ὣֱɱˡ
̶һ׶µޣ£ҲûһҿգԼˡ
ÿһη磬ΪȡΪ硱
ƺҲϿµ֣һպ硱ʲôطֻҪˣͻϵԡ

磬ҪҪգձŻպ˼ںЦʵ
Աôһ˵𲱾ſڣĬĬȺ
Цһ㲻ӵֱǿӴӣĲ쳤ӣС̳һԶȫſڵɭɭ޿С
ֽ̳£͵һͷߺȵ磬ߣȥϱߣ
Хżչգڹδ󣬵ºһһԶȥձĲݺ۳ңδ

תǰꡣ
ڶǵĶ̶ݵӼʵһ󣬻ҫ͵ĵ΢⡣
һëϸſˣڶ̶Ķһһëϸף˺һԪһ£ëϸݳƺ̡
ʱ䣬ٴͻƣԪѾͨëϸ緢

ͻȻӶ̶˳һ춯صı˳ƽڶ̶ΧïеޣһѶͷ񡢷ѪߡЫȵ޷׷׳˳ֱһʧȥ
еԼĪʮ߰꣬һͷСӴڼòݡ
ŮĴֻʮ꣬ģȴһԱ¶Ƥʶ£ֱۡС⻬Ĵȫ¶⣬ͷϴһҰɵĲݻڣϴһΣһ죬ö
˽϶һ¨¨ллðͷӦǰδժ滨ݵġ
ݵһ죬̶ڶ޳ɱæֽУԴߴŮȥŮȻһʧ룬ȴزҡͷôҲԸ뿪
е޷¨ȡһž޴ĳһ֧ңһʸͻȻȼһ棬֧·һֱ
໣
ŭ޴ֻһɿƾ˵Ļֱӱڵء
ҲֻĿ׺ݵصָ꣬Щ̶Χɱǡ
ֵ꣬Զ֡
һãǾ壬һץסԵŮֵ̿Ҫ쳷롣
һתȴһͷȻ˶̶ĶŸͷҡΣ̶ľ綾ȻƮݳǵĺ·ˡ
Ы޴ѸƶٸЫһΧײе̰ضǰζ׼á
ɫ԰ֽƺʶԼ޻·׼ƴһǰҲҪɱһЩЫ
磡
ڴʱͻȻߺһʱ򣬲żæɱǣŹǰɣ
˻һΪŮĿ˼գƺöɻ󲻽⣬ƺּôҺΰô
ǸòŮи˶ıܣôһ˵ϣȼȻм
ǽ˽Χޣ׹ڵ˼գջǵĺ£óǷǳ
໣
ĬһͻȻһƺԸ飬תַɻ˶̶ӳ̷ڡ
̶ޣһԵӶݺݵصżգһǲΥҲ鲻Ը˻Ǳ붾̶̷ס
£϶һŮ򼧳յһ仰Σ⣡



29 Ͼ˺þƣ
лȣ
ȴһһһŮǣ΢΢ǺЦ
βҩİɣ
սסһļЦŴӶص˳
ѽľһ壬Ҹ뾻ݣҽۣллİҪû㣬ոǾͱЩ޷ʳˡŮȻһЦָԼܡ
̶޺УһβҩñܿһҽҪǡ޸ʲô˼ɡЦЦšһ̳գȼѣ˺һԵͿ
Ҫժҩݣ˵ֻж̶Уû취ֻܹ͵͵̶ϣܹ޲עʱժһꡣҪҩҪйġ뾻ЩΣ̾
æ飬Ұȥһսвżͣݸ뾻ݣ˵ʲôͷ̶ȥ

磬˭ôܹ붾̶ΰôĻأ㲻Ǹңδµޣ鼫Ϊбɱ𣿡ߺһȻʵ
ˣǰǳһڳ̣ľܼǱɽڶ೤ǵİΧնɱˡСۣǰܿˣӦ֪˵˰ɣ뾻
ü΢˵ͷ˲ǣǲժǰЩǲ˲һЩһһ̰ɫ֪õʳΡɴȡǵı顣
Ƿ˼һ飬ұѡгʹɽҪһὫ黹˼ҡ뾻̾
ģǲǶ˵ôγʹɽĻ󡣡۰ο
뾻ݵ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô

㣡ֻڶ̶صͺо޶ڶѬ¶ԸأСһ㣬Ҷ߽ǷһƤƣȫҪպðմӶ̶߹ֽһӸ뾻ݣϸĵضһ䡣
һֳһٲݾδ컨ݶЩʶڶ̶һЩ滨ݹЩһ丹оԪϳ壬ˬ
֪ǲǴշȵĻգƺɶ̶һЩ滨ƶܶ໨븹Ϥĸо·𡭡̺ҩԡ
ֻҪǶõ滨ݣԹ֮嶼᷺Ϥĸоö֮նЩ滨ݵûȤע˻գܾûղı̺ҩİ
ллĶ飬治֪ղܹ뾻֮ؽպãȻŰһżл
ˡЦЦæʾ£ӹ뾻еͣһ߼⣬һߺ˵Ż
ڼҶ꣬ȴٺͬദûʲôѣ뾻ݺ˺󣬼ձϣһ̸뾻ֻͶһ򿪣Щղסˡ
뾻ݿУ֪ĹоŸ䣬ΪģֱΪġġġġġġġĺģԳһ壬ˮƹŷɥġŲʿ̣ǳһġ
ľʥɽǱߵʿϲͨͷųǿʿһΪ֮ɫ۶ô͵ޣԵֵ
ƣ˺һݸˣһ£ֽС̳뾻ݣЦеƹϲģ
ã뾻ݵҲһѽӹգ͹˼ڡ
ȿȡ
뾻ҿһǵͨ죬һӱڼպǰֱͼյһκȻʱһ
þƣңҵĺþƣ뾻ݴУɫѪˡ
ѽ磬ҳһڣ棬Ҫ
뾻գЦŵ˵ͷ󣬲ŽյݸۣСһھˣ
һЦҲɻ伧ոոҲȹһСڣȴû£Һͣһ븹Сͨ޵Ұĵı㻹Ҫأո磬ȻܹҾƳ
ҿûⱾ£һģľû˸򣬾ȫҺˡЦЦɫͨģԼһκȻʱΣ̲סЦ

㷹뾻ݡˣļȥò򼧳ոǡ
һգʹ·ϺȰɡǺǣСۣ㣬ƺɱ;ˡҲץԻʣС̳ĻգӲ
Ƶʱ򣬼ղӵץס۵ûѣҲˣǺ˵ȴԵøͨˡ
·Сĵ㣬´̶ȺҼ䣬ҪǲڵĻжԶԶЩ޿ɶǡҹɫԶȥջٴζһ䡣
ո磬ҪпǳһˣҺ͸һúд㡣ǺǣıȻգҲǺþأһȥ󣬾̳͵ȳոˡ֣ʾ⼧Īͣڴ

þƣþƣ̶߳һ֮أ뾻ɫͨ죬ȴأСۣܹĳ㣬ǿһӶ𲻳գСۣգɺȳʲô
ȻһЦҺȵһڵʱ򣬾֪̺˰ҩ磬ոˣҲ湻󷽵ģ־ƣÿһ̳޼֮ﰡ
˰˵ƣǱģ治ʲôôôġô󷽣־ƾȻֱƵˣ治֪жô簮뾻Ľ
ոˣʶģȻҲҪȻξףһ仰ͷŹǣ΢Ц
ͬص˵ͷ뾻ݴۣȥ˰ٲ뾻ݽŲһԣһڴˣվһ̾þƣþưϾ˺þƣ



30 ת
̶
ҹɴڲԹŴϣδ˼ɫĺɫڶ̶ϷΪ̶һֹء
ЫѪߡȵȶ̶ޣ䴦˳ۼڶ̶̶ߣ׹ľۣӴһ̷Уһ븡̷ϣĬĬע˫
̶ߡ
ճھͷ˫ͷ׷Ų崣ɵضܾͷֳ˫ͷҧ
ಣ
һԾճһùϴһɣܹͷһͷϮ֣һץסһֳԳ㵴һȦľͷһͷһȭݺݵȥ
أ
ͷһͷܲһȭУ۵ŭһͷһ˦յԶԶ˦һߣڿշת˼£̤Աһù֦ɣɽȵ˵ϡ
ͷЩŭϮͷϵŤ֮⣬ֳֶһͷͼסոոصӡ
໣
ڶ̶ڣ߲͵ŭһ
ͷųĵͷͻȻһͷʮۣͬʱֳӲʵɫʣȻͣǶһΥõͷ
ͷƶ˿Ѫֶͼղһ
Ѫ߲÷޶ݣɵŤüʼץźۼȴʱʱͻȻзɳϮӲסսգĵͺвŲòɿ
Ы˽ǾڷѪ֮Ҳ׷ϳһһĺͼղǶһɲʹȫĹɣżڶ̶̶ߴ򶷡
սУҪôճԵСҪôǱմס֮£̫˺
ֽսԼպôȻδʽϰκʿؼɼȴ쳣ֽųٶȼ죬·Ϊ˶̶һͷޣһãѾ˼衣
һ򶷽Щ̶ޣҪôҪôвʡ޺ȻصƺڴһϮֻܹرˡ
֪УЩڶ̶ԱߵײޣԴյ̬ȣԱǰѺ࣬ھû̾ڶ̶ǼҲ׹磬Ѽյζʳˡ
ѣͣȫζ˵⣬ⶼǾͷץѪƾϵĴ⡣
ץһ飬˳ȥЫͷͻȻԾһ⡣
ʲôأպǳһᵯһ˳ȥѪߡ˽ǾҲಡһ˳ȥ˺ҧζ˵á
һڻ븹ֻ泩Щб޾ȻҲ˼ֺøС
Щޣһֱڶ̶ߣİһǻһӵϣİϸ۵ӷʳ
Դİˣǵȷб
һ㣬ֻ÷ǳ˳㼧սսжǳأսһȫˣһΣ۰Ͱ͵ڴźͼսһ
ǲδͼյĽսս·𡭡ǵˣʱ䡣
֪Уպж̶ߵ޶ֵꡣ
ʱȥĵطժҩݣһʱܹӦѪƾȺĽ򼣬Զ֣ܻᷢ־ͷ񡢷ѪЩ̶ߵޣͻȻð˳Щڶ̶Χɨɾ
ɳɳ΢ؽŲԶԶ
һôˣڴõһۣʾһ׼ɱ޹վ뿴˭
ȡ
һϤȣԶïִ
ͻȻ䣬ͷߡЫѪߡЩ̶ޣ羪֮һ㣬ѸٵسˣǾͷԵýζⶼˣͷ͵زס˼ӣҪżնܡ
ѪߡھͷӲǽΧ룬ƺ˺˼ա
໣
سڶ̶͵شӶ̶ԾٴСһȵص˵ǰ棬׹⣬ȴûɱȥ
ɳɳɳɳ
΢ؽŲԽԽһĹ죬شï˳
գҾ֪ӦˡƳһ۱̶ڶΧļգɳ˳ǣƺЩЦͣǶûм߽
໣
ŭһ죬·ѯʲô
͵㶫գŸʲôüͷԹ˵ؽϵĴȡһ̳̳գһһڵϣһۼգβɵҩϱ˵׼û˸򣬾ȫˡ
һ£գ̳պǰЩͬȫȥָˣ
գͷҲأȻֱӵͷ뿪
ޣ㵽ʲôˣͷסļգߺôʱգȻᵽ־ƺһľƴǲͬж˵㻳ɡ
һƵġ챳żջһ䣬Ӱʧ

ֱӶ̶Χ뿪֮ЩովʧޣŻָ
Ȼ֪û˵ʵܹ֮Ժ;ͷЩֱ鹵ͨҲΪʲôô졣
ڶ̶ôʱ䣬մûЩ¹ˣһǾͷ׷׶ܣȻη졣
һΰȻû¶ɫҲٴе죬û֣ɴ˵춨Ȼ
ߺ󣬼յҲûж룬ֻ֪ԲẦӾͷͷѳžƵĵطšһ̳͹˼ȥ
ǰյľҺŨʮֹĻ׾ʱӿ壡
һ˲䣬ִڵ𺣵Ĵ죬ĺȻŵζ̲סϵطƨֻһϱζ˱ǡ
Щζ·һֱȴڻգӲ˳
ˣڹҲյġžžֱ죬˻ججһۿȥƤͨѪһľĸо
ÿµľƾ
дһֻԪƺһӱһжͻܵҪ
òϥԪƽš



31 ؼ
ڻӿķ£ջ£ϰƤƣݳƴųζĵ̣ԪЩܿƵڿ
һ̣մˮ֮УƺӶҺˡ
񣬼շԼѽԼ׹롰ֻܹ֮沨žҺһڣŬԪѭӵڵ
˰죬ַڵĸоԼˣȴȫʪ͸һĳζ
ҵľƾ
մһһվȴˬƺ̺޾һʮ㣬ڶ̶Ȼϵػص
һ̣⼸ھƶ˶ã·һͱҺٴδһ飬ÿһͷÿһÿһƤⶼƱøӼ͡øӾˣ
һԭϥڶ̶ԱߣһڿںŨʮĻգǳҵľҺзڣζͨջӷ
һ£ճ˰ҹΪ̶޺濾֮⣬ʱȫȾ̳գ֪Ѿס
̥ǵо·̳ﵽһµĸ߶ȣڵԪ࣬ҲԽԽٱԽԽ
캹µ֮󣬼ռٺȻҲˣӲûһ㺹ζݳ˺ŵĵζ
̳ռûٺȣǴշؼҺ󣬵̶ʱãԼУվýʮֹĻգֵס̷溮֮ʵһ

ҹɫʣᣬջһξˮ̶ϴӣ泩緢
һβ֪СζܹظӦ̰
ͻȻһӰԪ˳µسӯԺǿ
ӽСϴ˳һԪԺƺ˳ȥԶһЩеĳͷɵ󡢷ӶһͷӥϵظӦˡ
Ǽ䣬δ·һӳ˲Ķ۶صĶôΣֻҪһķΧڣܹظӦ
Ԫԣĸؼһؿû̫谭ôһͻˡ

֮ԪֽͨšëϸסԺҪͷųδ˽꣬漣ȫͻƣ۷֮һζ򣬾ͽֱ֮
Ϊӵܵһ˵ļХޣҲŵ磬ٳδͻңɽҵѩѹס

׼õ¨Ƚʣµ̳շŽȥڶ̶ժһЩϡٵ滨ݷ¨ոߺһ硱
Ӷ̶ԾХԣüձ¨ӡ
磬ȥߣҪؼˡһͷ緢
ЫͷЩ̶ޣһïʢĲݴ˳֪ǲ֪Ҫˣһ۰Ͱ͵żգƺЩ᲻á
ɽܽԺһأǱôؿңȻһЦһ£ߴٵ˴磬͵ߣ
ͺһЩ鲻Ըڿն𣬾޴ڶХ磬żһɳ죬ֱɽķȥ
ͷ񡢷ѪһܹͬޣԶԶ棬۰Ͱ͵׷ֱǸٶȣԽ˦ԽԶ
ϣղϵػͷ֪ΪʲôǰЩвб񶾵ޣƺÿɰۿԼķУۿЩʪ
Щ꣬õûмЩպյޣȴĽѡ
磬ȻȥɣֻҪпˣǻٻض̶ġ˵̶һң˵طۿţЩ˸еػ˻֣ͷҲصسδߵɽȥ
ãѵɽɽɽżһӴӰӵͺһתȥ

ɽҡ
һ̤뼧ң˵ֱżڵȥ
뿪ҵʱ򣬼ںԪչûüϼһ棬Ҳ֪ϵĵ̺ۺûУһδ̫¼һֱԼȥ룬Լ
Ѵ۷֮ȡһɼеظ߼ƣ뿴ϵĵ̺ۣǷȫˡ
֨ѽ
պһƿƵķš
Ҷ˵ˣҾԲ޸ٷᣬ˭ûãŭغһ͵ش˳ȴͻȻϲظߺգʲôʱģ
һͷ˿ɷ٣߸ȫֳϹ⻬ĵɲİ̺ʧӰ٣һ˿ۼ
ûϵİ̺ƻգɫԵöׯˣԼ
ùãϵ˰̡ȫˣһϲ
ˣȫˣȻһЦϵİƺҲһʧˣ£ƿЦⲻϵİ̺һүүǶ޲ýٴȥˡҸոջԵĺ޵˵أˣ˼ٷĶȰҡߣּҳƴ󣬵Ҳ֪뿿ɽֵҵѹҪңùþǣ
ЩôߣͲܹǿǰöͨң͵ĻԪ飬Ⱥ㣬浱Ǻ۸ˣɫһ䣬޺Ȼ
ǣùòӦҲ޷գãٹ죬һȵĲֵˣʱҲǰ㲻ܹӮúΣζҪúǵĶӸұȥƷȻ
ù÷ģһһϲһţЦдŵɭ



32 ʱ
պɽɽš
һȵļҲɽС
һ磬ˡ껺ꡢ껹һＧ٣ɽɽȺˡ
վڼԣĬĿȴϡϼתţ֪Щʲô˼
Х֡硢СһСվڼǱߣ̸ţСÿʱ򣬶὿ЦŻӻ֣ͼմк
ÿʱ򣬼綼üԼС˵ЩʲôС죬ƺЩͷ
һϵ֮½վɽɽŴѡһĵƣϣܹεĲӱ
ƣأӣỹڱչɣ꣬Ҳ֪ʲô裬ˣۼʱԽԽʤȴδ֣üͷЩõѯʼơ
֪ӣӦϾˡƹӣ
ƣǼ£㿼ǵôˣ˳һ£ʵ
ⱲӲټˣ˼ҡӲùƵͷһ˿ŭкǷмΪ˼ңŽԼƷ
ߣ˵ͺһõּҳǼҴҵ󣬼ٷҲ֪ΪҲ磬˼ֲ㣬㻹ʲôģ
ƵͷһԲǷŭ
ͻȻ̧ͷ޺Ȼص˼һۣȴûж˵ʲô
ƵͻȻʤ˳
ֻһ˲䣬ʤӰȻݺݵصԶϡһۣȵΪǽӲ޸ңƶ걯ʹǲۣʹΣ˭ٱƣݹҲ
лл͵̧ͷỨ
ܣһʱǴгˡˣҲһ֮е飬ɲ߳ŭȵǣǼҷܹϼּϵҾٺңΪǼңСС⣬ӦԴΪأ
Ϊʲôƣʤŭ˦Ҫȥ֮Ҿͬ⣡
㡭ɫѿָżʤ˵
ȡ
ʱԶһԶɽһһӰֳ
Զɽ͹ܼۿ֮⣬һװһӢһɫ˿ʳһӣŮӦеԼ
ҪļˡʤˣһԶɽˣȫסڡ
˸ǰһЦݹ٣üˣҪͷൣˡ
޷ԶɽһĮȻԼ΢΢˵ͷ͹ܼۿһֱߵ˼ʤߡ
գ˵ܹۼԪˣǺǣ̫ˣ㸸׵ܹݺҳǣҲԶɽȶԼʤƴ˸кȻеغͼ˵
ۿӾ磬ϵشżգаͷվһδεĻǰռΪͽϧʼղܹۼԪֻܹա
ǰһ˵ܹۼԪˣ˼һˣҼպú˵˵£ϧһֱδޣʼûܹϣǰд㣬ֻȲһҪͼʤͼ¡
̧ˣҲ˭ȽϣֻԼһԶɽ͸ᲢۣԼûкøеļգҡҡͷʾȽϡ
а̾һԶɽ˵ͷҲûж˵ʲô
ߣСåгϢŹأͼƵߴԲмƳ˼һۣȻӵԪٹʮܹ֮ܲ˵ݺҳǣЦˣ
ղȱ˲ҪǳӵԪɽѾͷͲܹڼҲ񣡡
һ䣬˲֪ʵȻԼձмϣļƣ˱ͼգоͲУ
ựǼХһѩ°ܽҲǿСåֻʵʵ˵ˡ죬ЩŮҵĽᣬСߺߵ֪֪סʲôõġ
ƲݸҡͷһЦûж˵ʲôĵϵĵ̺ۣ˭Ҳռǧĭܲ
һˣͻȻ˰Ȼһ䡣
ʱ򣬲ָָĮȻļХԺһǰХѾͻƵ֮ˣؿһٿһʱ䣬ѩѾͷܹܲʤХɾ˵׼ˣ
˻һЩϵӵǾۣһǳ˷ܾ˼Х
ĮȻļХһӳ˵Ľ㡣ʵǿˣעĿ
Զɽ͹ܼۿˣҲ˼ХԼХ䣬ܹôͻƵ֮˵ѩ̬Ҳĵȷȷһˣ
ãԶɽһ䣬Цҳֶһˣһڴ
˶٣Զɽ򼧳գοգŬȻ𲽱ȱ˳һЩʺʹϻۣĳɾ͡Ҳþͱȱ˲
ŸովۼԪļգȻԶԶܹѩХᲢۡ¼ջᱻХѩǴ̼ɥӰľἧվۼԪ̫ʵΪҸڡ
֪ˣ塣̹ȻһЦ١
˳գӦѾ޵һԪ۷֮˰ɣոճصļʤյʵΪܹڼǰһЩƣװѯʼա
ûлػȴ˵ͷ
ܺãʱ䣬ܹһԪ۷֮ٶȣɲȱ٣ЩСһˣһֱͣͲǰʤȣ±ʱ򻹹鼧֡ˡ
͵ЦôУֻ֪ʵѴ۷֮
ХѴ֮ͲزμˣЩСһվˣϿʼüͷ˼ʤ緢ظߺ
˻һ䣬вμӲļҶɣʵʵѡһĵصվá
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ѩһ㶼ۼ󳷳һξ룬Ϊڳһս򣬾һƽֱӳˡ
һѩѩ۳ѩźͺЩƵĺ̺ž˵ԪһƮ˼Х
Ԫֻ۷֮ſʵ֣
һѩܹ壬Ҫ̺˾˵Ԫͺ˭ᵱѩ
ХٴУۼѩѸٱƽͻȻһУ䳡ԱһʯͻȻֱѩײȥ
Ԫһ֮á
߼Ĳ࣬һˡ

أأ
ѩײʯһͷСʯ̱ѣѩɢ֮ȴѩԪԴԴϵ֧֣ܹٴؾ߸У
أ
һѩƹ˵·ʯӼХ
ͣ
ХһԣһѪ͵˳
ХХХˡ껺ꡢϵˣһӽХΧסæҵΪҴܵѩ֮ϸۿʪʵ
޼ɣԾǱԣѾͷ̫˰ɣʤȻƽͼЩìܣͬΪһˣۿżХϱף޺޵ض޼ŭȡ
ܵ⣬Ӽ죬ʱǱȽضˡ޼䣬
ҲΪȣʤĻָ޼ɴС
ˣܵҲӦõģֻѵԺŻ˶٣޼һĮٴΰȻҪǼܹˣҲ˵ʲô
㣬֪ʤɫǵͨ죬ȴ˵˵Ļ
үүǻȥɣһХֽ֮󣬻ǽûϵôһˣүүԺˣȤĺܡѩҲʤת޼ɣİͲͷ
ţԺͲˣƷ޵֮ͿԺɨСˡңӼ֮󣬵ǿˣ޼ɵ˵ͷ仰˵꣬ʹѩ뿪ˡ
ȵȣ
ͻȻճȺ˳һָѩ򣡡



38 һս
˭ͷѩֵżգһ
ӵܣգ
գʲôһǰһ͵ץסֱۣק
ѪļХΧļˡ껺ꡢϵˣʱеĶһ󲻽˼ա
ܣʤͺһͻȻ˼һۣʾϽվغȥ
үү׼ҺһսᶨһţԪ£Զһʯ͵ط
Ԫ֮
ף޼һ۾˼һͻȻЦСӣǼĶӰɣ˵㣬㲻ǲܹۼԪʲôʱҲʿˣ
ѩɸһստû޼ɣֻƽضѩһһٵ
ѩûд𻰣ֱ򼧳գվ
գʤٴκȵ
ôǺˣ޼ЦٺٵƵģԹǣ
үүԡģҲ£һᶨ
ʼˣȼʤػѩͻȻȣչһѩЯž˵ĺͻȻƮ˼ա
ɽΪһʿؼѩãʹΪˡ
ʤȰ輧գȴûϵѩȻ֣ʱֹֻܹգգХһһã˱ܣȻֱ䣡ɽڣûգ㽫ξ׾͸ˣٱ𲻳٣
ոûʤ˵ȫעһƮѩ׳һһͣţһѸת
֮ǰ׳ΪԴȪ˾ˣΪˣҲԪһ·ϴɽңڵļջָһԪſٴδһˡ
ڵȴѵĳʱ
٣ʱȫһƽļգһ鸴ӡ
ɽЩ٣мǹЦƺ뿴żˣǶѩʵžԵģһ㶼ѩİΣ

ѩʡƷδ˼գҪؿڵʱѩһӵһѩֱżؿϮȥ˸һ뻡һһҴ˼ࡣ
ڴʱ
Ȼһѩµ÷ؿڡ͵عֱͻȻ˦˳ȥƳ˾˵ӿ
žžž¡¡
мۿɼβ͵ؾѩ֮䵲ŵѩһһ䣬Ϊ貵Ĺ㣬Ĵ
һΣе·ѩɢѩǰſֹס
ѩɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴһΪ˾Ѿˡ
̯㶯ñǿĹʽԸա
ʱڶظҵĲˣͻȻϮİһӳ䳡·оϮ׺䶥һ㡣
˺ˣһôĹɫΪ֮һ䣬һżա
վڼѩһأ̯ưããĺָƮããĺʲһ˲Ϣ֮һӨӨľ޴ѩ
ѩ֮ǰЩΣĻУ̺ž˵Ԫ
ǣ
ѩŸոľ޴ѩڶزһ壬ͻȻķѿһƬƬ꣬ڿлһߣδر㻯Ϊ׵ɢ
ڶزһֻ֮ӿ򼧳ա
ľһδ˳˶Ĥʹҵصֺݺݵغѩ
ȻѩЩˣûϵֻǷһȴγ಻ϵΡ
ңһһң
ѡ˱ܣһ˱ˣζ˼գԣѩûȴ
ҧѩɫͻȻ԰ֽƽƽȴûһ˿ѪɫȴŹĲ԰׵ֳ
Сѩá㻹û͸Ҽ޼ɣһѩɫ԰ֽԼˣæǳ⡣
ǳһ
̬ѩһûһ飬һַ˵Ĵ
ĵݳĲ԰׵⣬һ䡢ĸо
ѩۿŵϮͻȻ֣ĵĲ԰׵۳һ䡢İ׹⣬͵ӭȥ
䣡
޴봫˳֮Ӳʯ棬ܴѳһ飬ײ·棬ǶһСӡ
ѩѪӲ׷ɳȥۼֿ޼һѽס
СѩСѩѣ޼ɴʧɫѩʧС
еһĴҲľˣʱͬŴ֧ء
գգʤˣҲļٵһץסͬȵôôˣ
û£ֻǺ̫ˣϢһ죬϶ûˡЦЦοˡ
գû°ɣʱ˼ХҲϵ˼ǰϻŲŵ顣
ʤү˲𻰣ûп
û£ԪһùˡЦЦЩεļ˽Χ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺãѩһֱһһȴĻԲѣҿңԺ󻹸Ǽ£б޴˷ܾϲûжŭӵĹЦ¶
СѩΪŻԪһԲѵģСûһϵ޼һȻҿǼôӦԣߣߣ
գ޼ɺһˣŻԲѵѩ档
һΣһǰܵĸңֻڵԪָٶȿľˣк޼ɵıӰȡ



39 
һԪľˣûָܻ
ȻֻԼ֮һϣڶһ磬ȴԪٴγӯ
ˣӵеԪƺǰһ㡭
վȵվơʤǰʱһʤɻգûʲô°ɣ״̬е㲻
үүģһ¶ûСһЦԼƵùãҺһȥּҡ
ȥʲôȻʧЦҡͷҺүүүүȥּңֻδЩ滨ݣ㹻üּ޻˵ˣͲزκˡ
˳գܴδҵЩ滨ݵģЩƺڶ̶ôģǺԪ⵽ôһ££ʤæ׷ʵ
δİҵĹϵڶ̶ûʲô޸˺ҡЩڶ̶ռˣںԪҲӶ̶̶ȡҵġԴ׵ˣһ㶼̹Ȼ˵龭
ʲôʤһײеܻ죿գ㲻ǿЦİɣѪȱ壬κֻҪҽ붾̶ΧؽԷ˺ɷ飬ôܺϵ
Ҳ֪֮˺ңʼ磬͵ΪùȥȡǧϽĭʱ򣬾ΪİҪȻҿ϶ܹǧϽܵĭռ
ʤôһ˵һɻ󣬲ϵظ֣ˣ᲻㣿
ˣ㲻˵Ҷˡ
ȻһЦóһϽɫСףݸգСǧϽܵƤƳɵģ·档ԹˣǧϽܵƤˮ֣һĵȥû£ᣬ㴩˶϶кô
ллùáҲȽ£ǼϽɫ׾档
ǧϽܵ۾ݣҶúˣԺʱ򶼸ҴšҪܵˮǣԽЩ鱦󣬻ȡһЩõԪʯǴϡƼϽɫ״·棬Ц˵
׼û˵ȻԶ˹
ˡʤ͵ػӦһ䣬üͷ򼧳գʵȥּҡ
ҲǷҪȥּңֻǴ㵽ҳ㿴ƵûţδһûȥҳءЦЦʵʵ˵
Ǻãһȥҳǡ֮Լ䣬ȥּҴ¡ôһ˵ʤŵ˵ͷӦ

ʱ֣ŸͷһҳǣűϵüˣֱӾͷˡ
һҳǣͻȻֽյҳƺЩԾڿĽֵ棬ͻȻİס
Щ˵״һЩˣԲصʿЩ˴ſۣȼյ̫ͼЩͷϴͷסֻ¶һ˫۾
Щ˴ĶңڵĳУɢһĮϢ

ɫɫİˣһ죬䣬۾Ĵˣƺڴʲô
ڣССĿջΪһŲӰӣڽֵսһš

һĲҽУڳϽֵǴ˳ҳڵȺӵظ˹ȥ
һһһ˺ۡǧйƵʬ壬Ǳֵ߽˳
ҳǣƺһӱüžˣ࣬һȴٽ̸
Щҳǵԭסǻֵ̿ǣԼҴŴסƺİͻȻ
ֶȺӵεҳǸҪЩҲȫٴеر飬Ρ

ʮһȵʹɽʢ£ǲҪˣڳſһСʵ
£ʲôܹôʿǰҳǣʤЦŵ˵ͷɫһæʱּ̣ӦøΪˣȥٻأ㽫ˣûȥӦ֮ߣ
գȥţҪڳں߶Ҫİˣ𣿡ʤԸ
֪үү֪ôյͷӦֵأ֪ؼʱ̣ҳΣҲֻг̫ƽһ㡣
ͻȻһȻһζԶֽһˣҧͺ½ƣ
Զֽǣ̷ɽĸ½ƣšһӽֽʧˡ
գƵͺһץյֱۣ½ʵҶ֡½ƼڣɽĸӦҲڳڣǧ嶯֪𣿡
ù÷ģзִ硣һսľƽЦ
ţȥɣǽˣ͹㡣Ƶͷ˼һ¡
һ½ʧĽֽǣһԲķȥüʤǿʱȴͻȻת˷߷ȥ
ڳ֮⣬ˣǸ󺺣һ档
һׯ޵Ĺ󸾣ͷڣһȻߡ
ڷڹߣһŶһǿѹľ޺޺ͺͺͷƤݺύİ̺ۣһ˫׹磬һͷδѪޡ
ˣʵʵ棬ƺ˵Щʲô
սЩ㵣죬ʧЦޣƣ
˼һۣ˳ǣƺЩˣ·һۿ˼յΪѵ֮
Сֵܣμ棬£ڲϣеáͻȻ׹ڵľ޺͵վɷ˵Ӳһ̺ԪС
ʱЩæҲûٶӴ°ɣװٶǸׯҲվһİɫС
˽кͬʱǺ󺺣ƺʾʲô
ʲôʮҩˣǵĶ󰡣߳ŭߵ
ҳȥһվͷظˡ
һ췢ˣͬʱ΢΢ӣȻһգ뿪档
ǵĶûȥŷӦæµ
ˡͷ޺ЦͷҲأһžͲˡ



40 
˭Ϊʲôޣ˭
ߺ󣬼˳ʵ
ôãȻĲոʮ㣬ԲһķӣȴһϹϾضԴ죬ɴ˿ԿݶȻӲ
Ĭζش⡣
ΣЦ㲻˵ˣȻ֪ʲôãҲ֪óӦò˵Ҹ˼ң
ûǷģ
ҴûмǣǷʲôϵĿЦˣ̯̯֣һף޷ģСҲʶˣޣԳ߹ˣǲʶģǷʲô
߹󣿡쳶˳ǣмĳǸ߹ö࣡
Ȼ㶵죬֪˵Щʲôá

̫࣬úʹڲϡӴװණպã֪ˡһĮȻطԸ
ⷬ˵վӺԺһ̳̳ճյܹжʮ̳գ㶼սӴڣʮ̳պ꣬ҲûˣҲˣʡŵ㡣УҪ뿪ҳһˣҪܾòŻԼСһ㣬ΣȱԼ
һ˵ô໰ҲֻжԴյʱĻŻһ㡣һ˵໰ǿ϶ΪҪҪˣҲ⡣
ޣҪ߶ãһ˵Ҫߣպǲᡣ
һʱģҲ´λʱѲҳˡɷģʲôط㣬ҵõġ쳶˳ǣߵǰԥһ£յͷᣬǴȰ

ˣߵ֮ջأյͷתȥˡ
һֵӰһΣʧ
߷ŻţʲôˣƺںڵһУҲС͵ڵĶôȥ
ʮ̳գôһСӴװ
ߺ󣬼տЦȡӴһ£ȴǽӴһ̳նװȥ
Ȼȡһ̳գӲӴʱȴһ̳˲ӴС
Ӵôһ̳ȴС˼ʮ
ף
һӴУֱƺҲС౶һѽһ̳š˳ֱۺ̳һӴָֻǺһСһӴУֻͻȻС
棡
ϲɫſ˽ӴĲ
ʮ̳ȫսӴҲռ˽Ӵ߷֮һĵطһССĽӴȴһ󷿼仹ܹʢŶװôණӣǸ˼һľϲ
Ůˣֶܹͳֱʲôݣ
ֻǸׯ󸾵ҡͷһ̾շԼ֪٣ѣǲʲô˽ˡ
һ£²ֱϵһ׶޺˵˲·סҲʲô
һŪףջɻ󣬽߷ŴغãЩ뿪ķȥ


ǰϵüգЦŷУǰͼƳһ˱ֿɼȥڿȺƳϡ
һջᳵ·ڿʵһĬĬȺżǵĵһؿڵ˼к;
ܹͳӴֱһ׺ͳӦҲò
ָů棬ܹظܵŵԪЩԪƺסˣƾôֶܹеԪ
Ū˰죬ҲûŪһ񣬾ʲô;
ףǳհôˣܼۿ;һۿµļգѯʵ
۲Ц
ǰʤͼۿΪͽ£յʱ˺ܸˣͼʤڼҵãȴûۿ飬ʤҲ͵ۿֻ˵˵ο˼ռ䡣
ټۿղ飬ȴû
ۿϬֻ˼һۣ·Ϳһʲôԥһ£ŵգʿؾѾˡʱʿؾ״ؼĻǼҲؾ¥Ҳв٣ȥԼʵûʲôɽģԾûǼ顭
Ҫлл۲ôһͣ룬ƺҲôһ£˾ξ׾ҲûΪۿʧ̫ࡣ
ʲô⣬ǿʱңֻҪ֪ģȻ㽲
л۲

գǻȥˣ⴫Ƶ
ǸضۿЦЦ뿪ȥ棬ʤˡƶڣȼճ֮һȥ
ùã𣿡·ϣʵ
Ƴüͷ̾Ϣּ׼һ滨ݣŲ¡
ּ̫͸˵Ԫʯֵۣʤŭ
ؼʱּ̣ΪʲôͻȻСǺͼּûʲôڣͻĶҲӦ㹻ˣּҵʲôҲǳüչ̾Ϣ
ҳˣһڰеͻȻɫȻһ䣬ۿһӺָŽֽǽʧһˣʧе
˭աʤͬʱȵ
ң÷Ȼ



41 
÷÷÷
ҧһһٵͺȵ
ͻȻճżָĽֽǳȥ˽ֽǻܣҪ÷ʲôģ
գʤͺһ
УûŮ˵ӰȻػصʤԣүүŮϲң¡
ƣ㿴÷żȻ·һ·Ҹǣʻ
ҡҡͷϹۣҲ֪Ҹҿ϶˾÷˻ҽҲϵ
Ȼؼҡüͷ
գ´μǵòҪô嶯һܹҲڽµʱܹΪùñѩޣڴ֮ǰȱ֤Լһֱţʤȵ
һյ˵ͷ

صҡ
ˡʤһﳤۼһӦּҵ飬÷ǰҳǵټʹȥɽʢ١
䲻ûʸᣬһԼľǰ
ɽĸ½ơٷᡢ÷
һڼԺӹʼվ飬һӣҪй
ļգҹɫվɽķȥ
ɫʣɽžһʯҹɫ͸죬Ȱն˼̬
һ򣬼ձߵɽϣӽӴȡһ̳գɽУ¹£һڿڹŻա
ʮ̳պǰһرƵһ֣ȻһľŨңȴûڶ̶̳ҵôֲ
һٻӰһϮ£ͻȻڼǰ֡
ɽµļˣöǰ˿д
д̳շ£۾΢죬ȴɾƳһòһ㶼ڵŮĮȻ˵ͷ
˵˶δϤǲǣŮȤȸԾ߽գһ˫ˮ²żա
ϸһ䣬ǰԵúǸͦ˳ü̲סһ
һĮֵ˵ͷĵŮĳòզġ۾Ǻܳʡ
̫ˣȥδ󣡡Ůƻ̬ϲ
ûȤҡͷܾĵŮǲëûԼͬⲻͬ⣬ȻȻΪԼȥδ
ɲˣ
ŮһЦͻȻ֣һѿס˼ռ򣬽վץδɿرȥ
һᡢԵԪһӳ˼ڣǼ䣬ԪƱѹסͻȻʧȥ˶ƿֻܹؿŮɿشһҳǣֱδȥ
ܶڲԣıȴ޴й
һͻȻոоѪҺȼշڵĸоӺȻһһ˲䣬ŮϵȻѪҺķڣȫӲˡ
֣
ͻȻοסŮ󣬼ճȵ
ףܻˣŮһͻȻʶʲôűսץס͵ؾ㣬㾹ңң
أ
ŮһʹձԶԶ˳ȥһïܵӲݴС
ʱѾҳǣδԵ
ջʹȴ͵վԪ׳ʹ׾Ůһ
һ޴ͻȻŮոֳҴԱһŻȼգ˵˸Զֱ򼧳ߡ
ʥȸлߺһҡ
֮ĺһʥ޹ͨԻʥ֮֮ѡӦ꣬רԪкʥ޶Ӧһ̶֣ܹȵͷų
ľˮ׻ȸ
֮ͨߣһ֮ľɿ죬Ҳò˼
ͬģ֮Ҫʥȸͨʿ֮רлһ޳ɣһǳ¡
ŮʥȸΧţҪʥȸͨٽл޳ɵʿеף
Ů磬죡
һסˣ׼׾ҲʱͣŸոս֮ͶԷٲ磬ȡʤ
ŮȤżգˮ¹⣬Цôˣ
üͷճ㵽ʲô
ʹ߻ĹƷɽôʿҳһҲո֡˼죬Щһһͻˣҵһ󣬶̫ϤҴ·
ͣƺһȤûУŮ׳նȻģҲģֻҪʹеһȫ㡣ǺϻһɰɣʵãϤδָЩطգ壡
ʲôҪ壬ܰҶԸһЩˣھͿԴӦ㣡ձܾȻɨһǰɽɽȴͻȻĿˡ
ɽӰһƮƮɽţоɽĸ½ˡ
պŮδԵïܲݴУϣؿɽˣǱߵȴһܹïݴеļˡ
ϲˣû⣬ҴӦ㣡ҽ⣬ͬˡŮЦӵתתʢıơ
ͻȻתͷֱδȥǳɵظϡ



42 
δɱ˰ʱͻȻָֹǰһ̶ʵ֮ʿһ̶Уǳ鷳̶ǱųȺѪƾһŵѪζЩѪƾͻ
Ǹõطۡ
ֻҪڽĵطһ£渲һҶһ˾Բˡһ̫ܵ죬һղסͻ̶Сռ͡
ô죡Цŵ˵ͷְԱһ֦ҶïʢС棬ɫ΢ֱͻԳ
һ֦ҶïʢСѸٿݻƣҶ׷ɣܿһء
ˣһ𣬰Ҷ̵ǰ档
һССҵضеĿݻҶȫڵء֣ýȦһѿҶǰӣָżպһ
Ȼʿ֮ȻлľҲǲҪȻôɵľľݻơ
ֲľٵľеģ
һ񣬼½ơɽĸͼƵ裬ҲٵȦһҶǰ̶档
̶̫ѪƾͻȻһ

һͻȻк磬һ죬ͻȻһͷ͵شܳѪƾͷϣ
ž
һͷ׳ѪƾӲĽ̶УһɽζڿС
Ѫƾ̶֪
ѿˣ죬ͷһۣü˵㣬ǱߵһƾˣҲ̫ȤˡУ⿿ЩѪƾ϶ԸЩһģİ취
˼䣬ˮͻȻһЦˣ
һ޴޹ǣɫִȡ˳ȻִҲڼսӴ֮ıʢŽԶԶƷ
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45 ޳
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47 
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˵½ǱȺˣüΪ֣ĵǷŮһ顣
½ƵȫˣЩȻĵԼǲ̫һ㣿
С󣬼մûɱˣ½ƵȻԶֵģҲپЩ
ߣǻг˵Ǽ׷ɱȥͳͳɱ⣡
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βûǰô˳պѰãûܹ÷ٷˣҲ֪ǲյϢˡ
˷ܣƺǳϲͼδδޣʿһǶߣ»ᱻȺϣ޵Ĺʳ

÷ûײϣǵʹߡ
ľŸǰɽʹߣϵŷǳñϣ˱ŹıһСȵİЩģװ䱦
Щʹߵ˲һաȺԶԶʹнʱҲΧǱ
ǿʿɵߣԱȸżǵʿ࣬ЩƺͶʹߣʿΪһòıˣҲװʿжЩԵΪλʿȺ
Ļɽ󴨱صʿɸ֣ʥ䡢ˮǿ塣
ȺۻۣĬĬǱڰڵȺʵʱһӵϣʹЯԪʯϡĵرһա
꣬ŲʿڵʱʿˮƹӣƸӶġ
ɽ̣˺ҳףʹÿʮǲһʹȥɽȡҳ׵Ļ
売û˵ʹЯƷ
ǣľÿһιŴ䱦ÿһζͲɽͻᱻһա
һʼʱ˾ɽƽ̹壣ôӡ
֮ԸôΪɽƽ̵ͽѦ躵һ仰ƽ̲ĹƷĶ˿Լȥ
һʼʢȫʿѶı򡢶ʿҲĲ˽ɽûзųʲôҲûвȡκж
ڴɽЩٶĬˡ
ôһ򡢶ʿŸҷ֣ɽŲʣʹɽľٶݱһѪʢᡣ

ʹʮˣ˶úɴ棬һŹǿҵԪ
Ϊһ𺣬ͷһԲϢԶǿʿ뱩һŶҵΧ룬ƺһεʹߡ
Ѱ÷һ˵ļգ̶ޣôʹײһ
ʹ򱱣ϣԡ
ͻȻЫȺб˳Խգֺվǰ棬ָǵѶ£ǿˡ
һȻЦĶ㲻ǾҪһ⣬Ҳ˼Ҷ
ôԣûúռ˸˵ˣ˵Ķ˭ȭͷ˭ãǲҪҲᱻ߰˱ˣأ
еǸߣɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺûϵ˾Ȼ̶ܹȺȺȥ
̶޲ҳǣҲͬģΪҲδţȽ϶ԣ̶ĻҪһЩ
ҲǰδҩǶԶ̶޵ʶҳ֮ϡ
ˣ̶֪޵Ŀ£ÿһǰɽҲѡԶ붾̶ĵ·оΪ˶ЩȺ
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Щ¸ʿҲûϵ;д䣬һϵļգǺηʥȻܹΰϣָӶ̶ڶޡ
ܿ죬һЩҳǵʿյݽ¶˳ȥԸʿڵһʱס˼ңס˼ա
עҪһҹ֮£
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˫ǽֲ£սһ
ո磬ǴҡҸ𣿡
ͻȻһһסɴŮдɴ˿¶׵С
ǸŶҵʹߣҲȻһ̾գ뾻ݡ

һæϰ֣͵ұͲǵĶǹˣֻǴϰˡ֣Сݣôʹ߰
Ҹ籾Ǻѡ֮һñѡˡôһ˵Ϊ֮һɣȻһЦ͵
ЩŵˣۺͼյĶԻҲһеһʯСżգΪĲƸ˽顣
ôĲƸֵܷĿοǲȷĽ飿
⣬ʶǡҪʲôԼɣǴɽĸǶá˲ٶҺʶӦûỻġյ
ΣȻص˵ͷûϵվȻʶԷֲģֻܹͬ⼧յ顣
ҪʲôֻҪ̫࣬ڳֵϣҿֱ͸㣡뱩뾻ݣͻȻˬʵ



48 ɱ
뾻ôһ˵Ȼ֪Ϊգԥһ£ҲͣҺ㻻
жģ㻻ˡյ
뾻ЦЦֿˣº˵
⣬Լ̸ɣҺȻض̶ˡҲ÷ٷˣΣֲܹһֱĿĵδѰȥ
˵ˣδȺе飬ӦҲķзˣٷᡢ÷δ󣬲֪ܲ£ֻҪʶȤӦԶԶ뿪δˡ
ǺãҺһ𡣡һ£սգСһ㣬һ뿪ȺЩ˵֡ãڶ̶һʱ䣬ȷ粨ƽϢˣ뿪̶ؼҡ
Ա뾻ݷֿˣʵĺ磬Ҳʲô顣
֪ô졣ЦЦ
գСһ㣬ĲܹǴһ𡣸һ̫Σˣڰ֪ж˵ǱϵĶء뾻ݵ
˵ͷûж˵ʲô⽻̸˼䣬һȺƹ뾻ǣ̶ķȥ

뿪뾻ݼأԶͻȻһ֮ĲҺҵԪ뾻ݵ˵ķ򴫳
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ϸĸһ£뾻Ǳ߷˼Ҵս
֮ǰЩǱڰĸʿΪ˼ȺĴڣûжʹ߶֡
ڣһ뿪ˣЩ˿ʼͲסΨʲôʷٶȽʹߵķ˶;뿪δ
ԶǿҵԪζдսչâ䣬Ĺӹ
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һȺκϽЩǣпܾ֣ܹ֮ɱһЩʿЩǿҲ붼Ȼ
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ԥһᣬնȻض̶ɣҹȥˣܰǾͰܰˡ
ǿޱȣȥֻҪΪ뾻ƴӦòʲô⡣
⣬Ҳʶʶǿʿһսôһֲ档
öջƺҲܹƣͷŷѪߡͷߵͺһ
ЩôһһգȺӹԹԷض̶
ߣǻȥյ
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ʿ乭ϸһ𡢱˪磬һɳ㻯Ϊǣ硣
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ϱʿ뿪˵أȻͻʿɢ׷ɱȥ
һͷͷ޵һıʹԵѹԽԽᡣ
Ϊᵽʿ˱˵Ŀֱ꣬ܶתأ׷ɱͼжñ
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ⳡɱȺʳҪѪȲпᣡ

ϵļգκ˶֣ЩߵʿһòµҲܿ
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49 ֮
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һ죬δһĻĻѪɱ¾
ϵļգն⼸ľʮ鶼ҪӿʮʶЩΪĳĿģ׻жôķ
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Լµľƺо綾Թģ˫׷ײ

һֱɽɽţδʱһѪʢ绹δڼտĵط֪˶پǿʿʬף֪жֵܷĿ߽⡣
ļգӲ̰Ķȡϵ䱦ֻΪһԹۣĬĬؿ޴ڵѪɱ
̶̼ʱ䣬ƺͻȻ档
ó࣬ĳҲӲ㷢ľˣҲᱻһЩ˴Ի󣬶۾ȥ۲ϸڣȥµһдҡ
Ҳ⼸ʱ䣬κļգȴͻȻ̫¼һ硪֮
֮ͬյ֮Уľ飬ƽˮһһ㿴ߵһκα𲨶ĺ᷺һ
ͻȻʶشȻŸ飬Ȼ࣬µףҪȱٵһ֡
Լһ֤ߣԹǧʣ۳ϻ򲻳ϣֻҪ䣬Ѳ˽һӡ
ң
ңǴˡ
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ޱޱȹĸо
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ȻܹıЩԪı仯ȴܹ֪ЩԺַʽͷųһͷųж
һ
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ζŽ˽֣ûκܹǰʵ
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죡
һֱԼȻ֮Ϊ֮Ȼܹھﵽ˸߶ȣ
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ȴ֪ոյһУԲǻ󣡣
̫¼̫¼⾿ʲôʿؾΪ棿
ЩɻҲɻ̫¼ԺУ·һʼ̫¼ʹƵġ

ߺߣδԵͣŤڣƺߴټ
ǰɽˣʱ뾻ݡ۵Ҳʼɽˡʱһʿδ߳
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ЩҪôվɽϣҪôɽͻʯȺУһͱڿڣʹߺЩδ߳ʿ
һѪɱ¾ƺš
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˼䣬յ˵ͷЦȻˣԼض̶ɣҪϿؼˡɽĸ֪ǲҵļˣ÷ٷᣡûδǾͷһҴ鷳
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ȻԸ뿪δôһһӱˡ
ʲô飬ǰһҪԶҪڱϣ
óҪۣһɬ޷˵߳δֱɽȥ
ľˮǼ䣬һν֮
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ֻҪԪһΧ֮ڣһӲյĸӦ



50 
ȶܹӦԡ
һ·ɽȥձ֮״̬صʿһһĵף
ѡ˼ϡٵĵ·Ŷɽָƣһֱеɽɽûһ鷳
ڱһЩ򣬾ҵĴڶսͻأȴ֮
ɽһӲ޴ʯʱʱļգȻޱȵɽţײڱϡ
ǰһ޴ʯһԪԵʿϸĸһ£³ľӦ졣
ҰɷλиǿʿǱţļԪӿ£ԱǰʿҪࡣ
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ûк͵һȡָʯķǰͰռҶɽͻʯķʽѸٵسɽ
ͻȻǰһʿڣԵԪϸһԪĸֱֱۣͨ۽赽ڣȴƺڵȺżյĿ
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˵Ȼ˳ˮƲӿ˵Ĳ
Ȼһ죬һͻʯһӷӶʯˣ⧲֮£ûüͷųƲȣֱɽ׹䡣
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˴һ֪Լô¶ģҲ벻ͨΪʲôһϮΪʲôˣֻŵʯҲǡǡ㹻һͻʯɡ
ȼո߳ʿûһܹƿշе㼫ֱɽš
޾͵Ϯռ
ҲûһֹۣˮԽһֱߵʯȥ

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ѡĳߣһ㶼Ǿ粻ʿѡʱҲǡǳӲǿ⣬ֻǽǵĲŵ飬ƵĲܹƿշֻܹ취סơ
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ӵԪ𣬼ʤƱ˵´ƣʱ۲죬´ҲԼʶ

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ֱǰ˵ʿʥף˺ҳĲûٳµĿֲʿ
ΪٹһЩСңŸָʿڽ̣ʢĵĦ̣ŷ̫˵Ħ̵ʿΪʥĸĦᾭһŹʿ۷ʱڵġŲʿ̻Ҫ¡
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Ϊ壬лһ壬һɱ¾е壬һ峤죬޻ʳǣаһа䣬ʵͬھŹ֮¡ǳ̫飬Ǳ֮ĵһʿ
һһֱ䣬򱱷壬ԽԽǿѹļֱ̧ͷ
з䡢ˮСڶɽ󴨣ط֣ʿɡʿʤźճ
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һڵĹڣһǹڵɽǬڣ桢˶ǾŹʿΪġȻأȴûܵóѡ

գҿˣ㲻һֱδ𣿺ٺ٣ҺԴӾҵҪôͻȻһɽļٷᣬһۿͷļգͻȻЦ
÷Ҳ˳ɨһۼգСӣǼǿ˷ˣָʹôİɣ
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51 챦
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սصļգûΪ÷ԹùüƵ裬ĳԿҲ˱ܣͼԭ·ػɽţϷδȫԼ
СӣܣٷһӰ磬ܹɽսˣƫ򼧳ա
ٷһչһŽʯ֮⣬͵˼ա
ֲԪȻӼٷͷųղһʯ׷ױ飬ʯм׷ɡ
һŽʯ֮һ򼧳գн޼᲻ݣˣٷֺ飬Ҫɱ
ޱȵĲ˼ٷˣҲ֪һͷţ±£ȴܹʱܡ
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СүүʲôطҴȥǣһץסСæʵ
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ССЩ鲻һܿ͸˵İڼҵүүүүЩİ˵ţ˵ҵĳӦǱˡ



52 
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ףڻˣ̫ˣ˹ЦԵ÷ǳˡ
ʤһοص˵ĵͷ򼧳յĿ⣬ǴȰԺ
գôʶλģ˵ѣԴǵ˼ңɽҰɷȻûһ˸£ɽĸˣû뼧ңͱ׺һȣ˳ȥ˼һ£ٵ˵һ
ո磬˵ܹδޣö˶̸ءո磬ǲģԱߵļСаʵӺǺ档
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գû뵽㾹ȻܹޣǰôûͶүү˵Ҫʿ̸ۣүүڻڹءЦ
үүүү뵥˵Щղûлش˵⣬ǳʾ
û⣬Ҫó´ǺúģæվӣƺüС´
زأǳȥľˡغȻæվǹͷ׺͹󸾵ˣȳȥɡ
˵վźغȻһ棬ߵƾסС¥ǰ棬ͣ
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ҽгޥˮƹ鱦ƹ񡣡ЦҽܣȻһָغȻѪɽؼˣغȻ
ҽذңϲһЩɱԽĹͲͷƹΪˡԼǺˣҲΪܣûʲôڵģȳޥܣͷ׺͹Ц
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һڶ´Ʋһ֪Ȼ֪鱦ˮƹרų۸ʿıƷˮƹĻҹϵǳܡ
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ʿˮƹУɽ˼壵ĵѪɽʿѪսһŽʿԪˣһٵ춨ʤ֡
ѪɽؼңһսУҪá
ôؼҸֱѪɽڶʿɼͷáؼ֮غȻˮƹʿУȻҲպա
ذ֣ոİˮƹɣֺú⡣
ÿһ˵ȥ׹ͬʱ򼧼ңѹûʲôɷ鷳ˡɽĸֻǶɢޣǰɽţˮƹûʲôذҴһҲֻܹʿû˵ġ
ΪʲôǻұΪʲôǻǶΪʲôǻҼң𾪹󣬼üˣһ׳⡣
϶жݣǷϵ飬ֻܻ㡣ޥȻһЦգʲô⣬´μϺֱˡˣ𰸣⣬Ҳֲǽ𣡡
غȻذһͷ
˷ˣָʹֶӶԸǣΪ鷳
ͻȻ䣬洫÷ļƺЩܻˣδ£˾ͿҪ뼧ˡ
ޥü΢΢һ壬Ƴ˺غȻһۣʵѦϲǶŻȥôв۵ǰǣ
Щ˿϶ŴδûãӦûûյϢҲпǾ粻ûʸ֪ѦϵķԸغȻ˵
һ£ƺͻȻʲôü֪˭ˡǸҰĲС
ذЦָ̫֪Ҳ£ʲô
һ죬˵Ҽ쳣ָ˳ָƴûж˸ҽΪָȻҳƺΪָˣ϶ǲָġ
ȻذҾһˡ
쳵ϣҾͶһۺˡذ룬ޥغȻ˵
ޥͷʡ
غȻԥһ£գ÷ڳչùõɫĵ̺ۡ
Ŷذһ㶣Цֲôˣ



53 ĵ̺
ɽ´ǰ
÷ٷʿưվڵǰ÷ԽԽָŴڵļ˳衣
ٷһЦվ÷ԣһλһ۵˵ʱʱָָڵļˣƺΪλ˽ܼҵļλˡ
÷£ˡʤɫޱѿȻشӵ˳һＧҲŭ޺޵صЩµˡ
ָմļƣȻۿˮһַŵţɪɪ
ˣ㻹ҳ
÷ָżƣһžͿ˽Ҹ˲̫үֻǰϳң㲻мģȻָʹֶӱңҿܿˣҪȻδ󣬷ҪСֲɣ
㣬ѪˣĻۿųǰҫȴ֪Ǻá
ƴҡҲԸΪ鷳

ģ˭£
ذͻȻð˳ݺݵصżƣʲôڵʱʲôʱֵ󳳴ˣ˷˷⣬°ϸ⣬ҿǿ˷ָˣһʺ
һʺ
ذôԵһ÷סˣҲɵˡ
غȻޥˣϹſЦõı飬ͬ۾ļվһ
㣬˭ƾʲôˣ
÷һצģƺʱذҡ
ˣӻأ
ذҹЦɫͻȻһԾ÷ԣϼĴ֣͵÷ļ
飡
һֱͼٷὲĶϱˣæһ־ȥ衣
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ذҲͷһ֣һǿȻӿֱӽǶϱƷ˳ȥ
ž
ذһ÷ϣ÷һưڵϣ͵Ѫɫ԰ֽ
˷˷Ҫ汻ˣҲǱСģһʺʲôҸ㣬ָҶմ󣡡
ž
Ŀɿڴһ֮ذң֪ʲôһ÷Һֱš
һƷɳȥ÷ѪɫȻһ䣬ϸذҿ˼ۣƺͻȻʲôذң
˻һٷɫȻһ䣬æ˼ذң˸Ҷһ䡣
㣬ڼңҵ飬ʲôϵ÷ͬ־壬ˮƹذպգɱ˲գ۵ʢҼֻǿҶ꣬Ȼ˵ذҵ
ʲôطܵ𣿡ذҰ
գǷ飬ָûʲô顣˵ôŮˣֻҪ˵һ䣬ѪҲ׾ٵ飡ذ֮ɫͻȻʧӰ٣ͷǳͰѯվڽļա
ͻȻ˵ߣһӼе˼ϡ
СɫȫˣôûϵذպյȻ˺ͰĶԴաңӣ·𼧳ɱʲôˣԥĶ֡
ôʶذ˵ģΪʲôذһôӣ
˶ɵˣ
ͣǰɣڴʱޥͻȻЦſڡ
ϱ۵һ㶣ע⵽ׯ߹ĸˣֻһۣɫһ䣬鱦ƹ񣿡
΢Цŵ˵ͷޥһָԵĺغȻܵѪɽؼҺغȻڼңڿ뿪÷ȴߵʵָ˵˵ԼúõҪҪΪһ÷Ѫƴ
ȥɣŶٷҲ¡ڼҴ˼죬˵ü⳥һЩǺǣһ̸̸⳥顣غȻЦݣյ
ٷڨڨЦȴЦıȿ޻ѿæλˣǼּҺͼͬΪҳʿɣҪãʲô⳥⳥顣̫үڼλλҪȥҳǣҼ̫үһԽӴ
ȱæߣּȻȥһˣʱ̫ү顣غȻЦ
ϱ۵ģذһۡ
һЦͬؿһһƨڵϾʧ÷εȻˣұôҲ
գһļλʿ˸ɫô÷ֱ뿪˼ҡ
Ҵǰ
÷ɫ԰ףڵϣǻѪٷּʿԴͷɥվһߣһҶ
ٶڵǰһ죬һ÷ٷἸˣһޥغȻذˡ
ߵģǼգ
վǽһԲļգسȫ㣬мˣ÷ٷǼˣҲʶҴӲɽ¶ˮ꣬һӳ˼Ҫ
ͻȻʶޥغȻذͷ֮ƴңȫΪգ
գ˵ôⶾͰЦݣذ׺ݵչ֣ô˾ñŤ
˶żգ÷Ŀ־壬ض
ĬһüͷѯԵļƣùãĵ̺ۣ˵ô죿
Ứζ󲻵һ÷䵽أһ仰Ѫ
ƶ÷ĳÿյƴ֪Լһӿ¶˳ʮˣڲϵظԼȴޣΪԼΪҴ֣֮
ΪֶӼգ߲ʵͻȻһ㽵ټңĿŵΪͷңǵݺ͵λ𡭡練ˡ
һУξ
ҡҲ֪૵
֪
ͻȻͺһһΣ͵س÷ԡ
÷㣬ȴذҺͺغȻˣͬʱְסӣã

֮ĲҺͻȻڼ˺ѷεغ
ɫƽק÷ͷԴ󳶣ָûգϻĵɼѪܵĺۼ
ĵ̺ۣһģһ֣һĮȻ
мˣľٶŴˣǴûϵƽڼ޺ļգ־Ȼ˺龹Ȼ˵Ȼƽ



54 ָ
÷ĲҽڼһصغȻذذסļɺҲ˺˼ա
мˣǵһʶһ㣬η
ĵĿĵ˰̣Ѫܵع÷棬򾣬
ùãôżƣѯʡ
ûһüƽ޼ˣͷֿЦ
ɣ˼ȵ
ףôԼº󻼣ȻҪ÷ùüƴһ˺ͱʹ
÷һԲ޵գֿ˿ƣŲԵ뿪˼ҡ
ʼգ÷ûٿٷһۡ
գһôذһЦĿڼٷɨɨȥ
ǼּҺͼã÷ǶҺ㸸ͬƣձ˵㻹ֶأǡٷἱæ͡
÷һ˰̵뿪ʶ˼յĺʱһֵԼˣٷң֪Ǻãֻܴơ
үүүүǿأٷᣬϣձ͵ѯλҳ
㿴أ˲ҵּңڻЩηصļգԸЦѯʼʤ
˴ˣּҵȷûʲô˽Թּ֮Իǣ϶ҲԵŮ˰ʹգҿ˰ɡʤԥһ£ü
ǼյүүغȻޥذͷȫͦգոռֳֺĽ÷ݣүүЩ弧յǳˣⷬҲ̸˵ȫȻѵ
˰ɡտӼ˵ȴүүĻذңյ߰ɡ
ҪѵҪȻذЦ
ͻȻ֣͵ץסٷұۣδ˿ֻꡱһٷβָѱضˡ

ٷҽһ亹βָǶѵָ֦ضϣһָƤţȻš

ذҵͺһ
ٷӵĿⶼұ¶ͷλּʿʹ˸񣬼ææ뿪˼ҡ
ǹһ˿Ц˵ô
գκ˴£øۡ²أĴۿСһ㣬ƨˣغȻȻһЦбһذңϹͷֻǶһβָѾʴˣҪȫˣܲҶ˵ء
ллΣ춼ллˣҼգǵǵĶ飡չ
̫ˣͬʱǰһæֹյߵݡ
һＧСȫˣ벻ͨôôӣȻˮƹպյۣôضԴ
λ̫лλˣҪڣҲֳ֪ʲôˡձصлߺЩڴǰļÿøغȻڳλá
һЦȴûֻżա
̬һڣм˶֪յ̬ȣӵġ
ȱˮơճ
źЦͷżһ½뼧Ҵ

ǰ˰λãʹ߱ɷ׷ɱ뾻ݡۡ˴ڶ룬ֽΧš
ºûϵ̫ΣգΪʲôߣ뾻ݽشߴ١
Ѽ˿һקһ޴޹ǺХһȦһʿȵĲˡ
һЦɵʮָᲦһ£޹ǴһĽǶͻȻˣֻ顱˱޹ҵѪز
ߣҲŲǵأֻһѪʯǷһˣҾ黹ˣȻȥⲻ䲻ȵشһ䣬ͻȻһָԶļңףǸطǵʿ䣬ǶڷԵУռݲٱˡ
ôһ˵Щĵʿ۾һƺ鲻
ߣȥǱݱһ£Ϊ׵ߵͺһй·ļ߱ˣһȵĳұ˹
Ĵ£Щʹ߻ס뾻ݼˣƴͻΧ
أ
ײҴţһʹ߼ؽ˼ңѡƸߵվãӸµضЩ׷ĸʿ
ϣЩһ·׷ĸɷ׷𵽼ſ֮һȫɫŹֵͣŶ˼ңֻǸ˼ɵʹߣȴû˸ٽһ뼧ˡ
ף
һֵЩȻվǰȴԽ׳һɷ
ʲôô󵨣
ͻȻذڼ´һ͵һӴ˳ȥ
ذһ𣬱ҵЩɷһۣ׷׾˱ܣһһ뼧ԶԶأƺذҳǵ鷳
ʲôط뾻ʶ˲ףæѯԵ⡣
ǽЦǼռҰѣóдǡҲ֪͵͵ˣһרűܿңߣ



55 
յȻˣذһ´㿴ʿһռݸλֳֹż湥ʿֳֹб޽Ȼ뾻ݵˡ
ذҡޥغȻˣһ˵ôңӴ˳
ˡʤƨɻδȣַ׷׸˳ȥŵŴʿ֪Ǻá
֪ʿЯر¸ۼɷЩ˼ңҲζŽЩɷȫ˼ңŲŹ֡
գ
öԶԶ˳һЦ뾻ݡˣҲڼȺյӰһڼҳˣ뾻ݼæͣգǲΪ鷳ֻǡ
ˣ˵ôʲôǺͼѣ˼ң˵Ӧдǰ
Цش뾻ݵĽͣߣ٩ոɽɽţҿһӰҵʱ;ӰϤû뵽㣡һΪʲôҪܿǣ
ѲһЦ޲Ը뿪Σ˵滹ԸǣұܿҲǲǴ鷳뾻ݣյ֣˾ˣһ취ˡ
뾻ݼղδ֣имæ˰ɣ֪ǼңǸգ֪ΪȳϣҲ鷳ǻ뿪Ϊ
һСողűһѣȣһŹֵشżգȷʮĬĬŵ꣬ôһͻȻͺʶޥغȻذˮƹˣȻʹ߶ʶˡ
գʶǣغȻһͻȻüͷѯʡ
˵ͷյʶΪļѡ
һ£غȻȻˣʹһѸýˡ˿ޥذңغȻǿأ
ޥذ׵ͷƺʶ죬˰ɣЩʹϵóգǵĸ֣һУпܳɹˡޥȻһЦָ
λǡ߹˳ޥһۣɫͻȻһϲԱŤѯʡ
ˣЩһˣذͣߺߵٷϻ𶯣ʣµ飬Իᴦ
һ£ɫϲɫˣȴûٶ˵ʲô
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·һѪʢ磬˾ǽˡ
ȺغȻػؼԺ˶һãȻ⾿ôһ¡Ĺʹ߾ǽҳǣһѪʢ绹ҪֱеѪɽǽ
꣬Ĳ̫࣬ЩĪ
ڼ죬˻ȥɽޥ
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Ȼ֪һ״ȴ֪ԳޥغȻذ˵ݣÿһ죬Ϊӡ
ţ΢Цæǰæ

죬ҳǳԶɽɽ֮޼ɡּ̫үƽˣѶ׷ңרŹݷóޥغȻذˡ
ԶɽֻǴһŹֵ뿪ˣ޼ͼҲ֮ͣҲֻǰݷ˺غȻذҡޥˣ˵һ滰Ҳܿ뿪
Ǽּ̫үƽʱûٷᱻذҶβָżٷᣬصƷźغȻذҡޥ˵棬򼧼˵Ǹ̬ȳϿңӣԲ׷ٷ顣
Զɽ޼ɡƽ⣬ҳͷＸ߳Ƶһ飬һͥļңһٶЩӦ
ЩרŹݷõˣ󲿷ֶʵ״ֻǼ˺غȻذҡޥɽԴҵ̬ͻȻѺ
ֻЩۼʶغȻ˶Դ̬ȵˣʶһ𵽵жô޴
ˡ껹㡢껺ꡢϡϵȼˣԴյ̬ȷ췭ظı仯üĿ࣬òЩˣԼᱻЩ˵ı仯ŵ
Ϊˣһֱں뾻ݡۡ˴һ𣬱ˣ̸ｻ䣬˸Ѹ¡
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ȻȼģûҲȻȥˣֻݾӵķһл
գˣ̫ŶУСۻϲأҪúðգ



56 ͫ
ʹȥɽغȻޥذһͬҲǶ̰ʿҲȻȥɽ»ָƽ
գǼԼ
ڡ
һããĺһ̳ŨʮĻգһˮ̶
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Ųᶨһߵ̶ѱˮδʪһƱֱ
ǰããĺˮ̶еˮˡֻǿţ㷢䣬޲϶Զ
һ͹˼ڻգͻȻһ̤˺̶
Ǽ䣬˵ĺһƺսסˡ
ֻһʱ䣬һˮ̶ļգѱ˱һ㾧ӨıһȥһĻʯ
֮ܣ֮չƺһԪתٶȣһʮϣźĲ͸ԪٶȻ𽥳ٻ
ȥҪ˶ãеĻܶͣͣпԶΪûԲܳƺ
죬̫ˣ
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ڷڵѪҺӰ£еĻҲʼãһҵȸСȫӣ˵ֽͻȻܹˡ

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ϸһյľͫеĺŲȻ󻺻˫
һ糣˫ٺâ䡣
ûãһͷעŽɼˮ̶Լ˫ͫȻǳƺûʲô
һ˫ĺ
ͻȻձڵ˫ͫı仯仯Ϊɫ
Ʊɫâһδɫ˫ͫб½ɼĺ̶ٴããĺ¶ȣҲʼѸ½
죬ôһ£



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صʯƿº󣬼߳˺
⣬ճЦʵգ˼£ʲôջ񣿡
Σ⺮ӴԺ󣬡Ҳͷˡ
ô£վߵǰͻȻһغʵڵĺأ
ľһ䣬˫Ȼ˱仯âںڵʯ档
Ӳʯڼ˫âҫ£ͻȻһ㺮˪
ľٱ䣬ָͫڣտЦڵĺȫͫˡ

ãЦҡͷգôģ
Ҳֻ֪ˮ̶һʱ䣬ת֮󣬺û˺ҵͫ䣬ǲǺ֣յ
ߣȥؾ¥Īţһץסգɷ˵شǰؾ¥

ؾ¥УĪյҲһݣãգһˡ̫ܲһ㲻ҪʲôĽᣬı仯ǻ¡
Īţôһ˲һȻ
ҲûʲôֻʴϻۣٶȻǿȣԶԶǿҶɡĪЩ˸ʣƺʲô˵
һ£ŵգ֮񺮱ĺѾڣڼҼȥҲûʲôҪˡЩ㶼ʵʵشڼңܺãע㸸Ҫö࣬ǰȥˡ
Īţ˵ҿԳȥʶʶˣϲɫ뵽洳ĪȻЩ˷ܡ
Īһ飬Цȥүүù̸̸ɣ˵˵ģ߳ң洳һˡ
ллĪţմϲһת߳˲ؾ¥

᲻˵㣿뿪ؾ¥Ժ󣬺üͷЩĵ˵
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ǵѪѪʺɫİ
Ҳ֪ѪΪʲôǺɫҸҿ϶һԯĪ²ɵȣһ£Ī¼ƺţֵļңֻ֪һԯѵ˵ֻǼԯѪ׽ǸʶԯѪߣ
Ī½ص˵Ժ󣬺ˣѹˣѹԻޣôӦôˣ
϶ˣĪն˶٣΢΢һЦ˵ճ򵥣Щ֪ҹңų˯ʱ˾ԶԶңҪһöԪ̽Ԫǻأ
ͻȻֵĺغȻޥذ֮һʵ
ҡҡͷĪµ˱Ҫ̫ˣԪĲһȻˡûгֶԸңȥºҼյ壬ֲ֪Ӧòûж⣬ֻǴնѡ
ԪĲܹ̫ˣһյĸ׾˭
Ҳ֪غȻذҡޥ˼ȻˣҲóճȥԭ֮һֻ߳˼ңܹ֪ԼĪµ

үүùãĪ˵ˣʱӦóȥˡڼʤǰսں˵һ飬Ȼ˵Īµ顣
ʤˣδзӦһҪ뿪ңټ׷ϸڣǿʼѯĪµ˵
ô飿ʵ
ʤüͷĬãЩԸ˵ڼңû˱۹׼ȷˣȻ˵տ뿪ң˵աӦĿԳȥˡ
ǡҸ֮ʱ˵Ҫ뿪ңǼԵİƼĲ¼գʱļջûжյ²գնޱȣ¼ص׵ĸޣһȥ޻ء
ôһ˵ʤǳĬ֮żѵΪҶɣԵķʱĥ£ղܹХգգԼɣ
ȥᶨ
ֹЩ᲻ã־ýһֱߵȷҲ׵
ôˣʤ˾飬ԼƵʣµĺԪǧϽϵĶմδһЩ滨Ϊ׼áգҳǣ
֪ˡ̾һת׼ȥˡ
գҺ̸̸һЩ顣ʤһˮʼϲؽĵն񣬸߼жิӣüҪʱ̱һų֮ģҲܹʴȣЩвԼĶˣһҪּϣˮ

תۼ䣬һҹȥ
ڶգûкͼ˵˴кʤһ綯͵ҳǡ
ʤȥˣȴһ·ҳǣڹٵϳ۳ңֱƳǵķȥ
գҪǵĿö࣬ùþڼң£
ȼҲյӰʱĬĬȻתؼҡ



58 
ҳǵƳ·;ңԶſʮ·һ·̡
죬ֻ˸·ҹѰһƧĵطЩҰʳѰЩɲԼֺ濾Ų̫ҵĻգ⡣
뿪˼ң̤֮;ɲ̿ո·ҹӲи
ָţζ˺һ֮
ָ񣬾ָҺѪҺҺҺָ֮ԪԪָ־֪
֮ҪѪҺҺҺҪľ־֪ҪϵؾۼԪҪﵽغһԲ
һ·ϣÿҹܻᾲѪķڡʱܹоԼѪҺƺ̺˼ΪصƺصڵѪܹһѪҺƺĴ
̫¼ļأѪҺҺҺҪԪҺϣѪҺҺҺ̲һԪԪľ֮ѪҺҺҺеԪɿΪṩӴԪڽսзӳá
ֻҪѪҺҺҺеԪûкľʿȻſɹ۵սڹؼʱŤתܾ֡
֮⣬ѪҺҺҺԺʱãһֻ̺˵ѪҺҺҺһ˵ľ־֪ܹӵԼʶͨӳá
ǣʱ򣬼ȴڵѪҺԪǳų⣬ѪƺһڿԪĻӣۼôŬǲܹѪҺ̲Ԫ
ҺҺԪĻӼΪףûκ谭׾ٵҺҺж̲һڵԪ
δһЩ滨ݣֻʮʱ䣬еҺ̲㹻ԪһľҺҲܹĿƣиһԪ
֮ʿѪҺҺҺ̲ԪֱڵԪѪҺ쾫ҺѪҺֻ֮ҪԪ㹻ܹԪγµѪҺҺҺԪѪҺҺҺȻ̺㹻Ԫ
ҲΪʲô֮ʿ٣ȻѪʢʮ㣬ܹӵҪԭˡ
ԪҺҺķպܿˣԪѪһأ˾ţ֮ţܹԪ̲ѪҺһôԶá
ô£һʧܺǶ֮£ճü̾
أ
һ춯صı죬ԶڼžĻĽҰ룬һ̫ˡ
ŵŵţ
̵ֻĽŲѸٽӽٶȼ죬ֻһ򣬾ͳ˼ǰ
㣡
վһɽɽۼһ棬Ǹݣֳһȵİˡ
ʱǱؽѪЯһѪȴ޶˵Ůӣȣ񽹼ضƺѰҶܵ
һƬУӰǾ޴ּӣٵؽӽ
ʶң˾
ǰɽ棬ȹһΣˣյ
һ㶣ͷԭ㣡һ£˵СֵܣɷһæСŮˮǣ
ã
ˮ֮ҪӿȪ౨ɽʱҪȣ÷ٷ˵Ķ֣ҲûӦ
ٴ뿪Ħа̵ɱħħϾˣסǣߣ˼е
˵ս˩ӰнӹŮӣŷϣһֱһͳϣֱ˳ȥ
ײ׺ҵģŮţģŤңң˳ӰҹһԶԶХܿ㵽˰ߡ
ɱħħɲĦ̲񣡵Ħ̵ʥĸǰ꣬һɱˣײ׺ŭһһչɽͼֱֳɱħħӭȥ
ٺ٣ϧûǿˣײ׺Ҳǲ棡죬ҵҪôɱѪħЦһЦ߳

һͻһֱŰţ侲ѡƫƧǡܹͨɽ·ǰС
ѪħħߣԶȻܹȻ֪˰˽аײ׺ŵŮӽаš
Ѫѻ˹ȥһֱŰ֫ϵζϵ뼧տڱǣüһЩ겻ᡣ
ǰİţһͷں㷢мɫ˿סһ㷢ɢڼ米ڻ˹ȥûʶǰ㣬ֻֽ֫
Ÿʷǰѹֱ䣬ĵܹĸܵǰıôŮ׽ļЩԳ

ԺҪ֪ǲŵİ˵Ϣһײһӽײ
أ
һƨɵڵأǰ۳ңǰȫſϣԻδ
æվԪȣֱŻİ׷ȥ



59 ЯǱ
аٲһԾȵϣְڰżϣûдռӱǰС
੣੣
ǺĹЦҹлصһӰҹɫһУ˺ͼյľ롣
ɫһ䣬֪ˣȻɱħħеһλ
ɽʱ򣬼տײ׺ɱħĽս֪ɱħӦúͰײ׺൱ҲΪ
һħӦҲͬȼĸ֣׷һλܹԸ˵ġ
žžž
һ޽һ޳ϣڼղĳ£Ҫط񱼡
Ȼ֮ʿѿƿշ裬ٶ֮ԶԶƥķɱۼʹܹ˦
֮ľ룬ԽԽˡ

ڴʱŵૣھҵĵ£ƺҪˡ
ʹԼײղҶ룬ֱ͵شӺ󱧽˰š
ôһŶʱӦϾҵżյ˫Ҳ
ſңȡ
𶯣̫Ūȥһ꣡
ȵͺһȻæͣҽ͵ˮǣǱħ׷ܲҪҵǲҪ䵽ħвɣħħ־֪ԣ㲻ɣ
һͻȻ
˶ĲǱͷһ󲻵ЦħȻſ˼һۣϸĵ˫ǻɣü΢˭ҵὫҽ㣿
ǰɽڶۣʿЯ䱦ɽ棬Ҫɱңǡɽۺɱħս־һ֮ǰײңͽ㽻ңҴȥˮǣɱħħ
ʱȣٶȣľһ顣
ֱֱżյ˫ƺҪȷǲ˵ѣ˵Ժ󣬰ŻǰŰɣ̬Իһ㣬ħȻ׷ˣɱħһ˸˲ҵħǰ׷ңסңҵͷܹܲһ㣿Լˡ
Ϊ˽ĹħӰֳˣӰҹ»裬йЦϣ֮ͷƤ顣
Цյֻܣȴܷɣٶʵ̫ˣ׷ϣҲһ㣬ϧѿ°ĭ˰
ѩ㾧ӨϣǳݣϵػͷѸٽӽħ˼ӦԵķԽԽԻҡ
Сǣܲģ੣һס㣬ǰ㣬һܼ੣ħЦ˷ܡ
ôһ˵;ʧذţɫͻȻ԰ֽеҾҲóѣ
ɲ㣡
ħ੹ЦͻȻ֣֮ϣеࡢǣƺͻȻ
һ̣ǳ֮⣬ħʳָָݳҹлĻߣաѸ˹
ã
žһѼյ§Ҫηسֵֵһ¡
Ȼ֪Ϊ֮ǰƹأΪ̫壬ǿг֣ͻȻһ𣬲δܴԪһѪһֱ̱˼ϡ
ˣ
հ̾ĵŸո߳ңδʶµľʣҪˡ
ڴʱ
һȵԪȻؿڴ˳Ǽ䣬ǰһذͳ⻪ʢγһ֣Ͱ˶档
Ѿİţںͼսţܵǰ̺ſֲԪ˫ǾϲŤͷżգǣ
أ
ȼջشħǹ⣬ͻȻϵĹ档
ǣ
ȳܲסȫѣһڵأѪˮһð˳

ֲĴڹ棬ոоǱشУŰŵŰһɴĴ߶£һ˳ȥڶϺХȴʹ
ͨ
ͰһˮӿˮһγȥڻǵˮмĿӣȴͻȻڿգȻֺݺݵ䣬űӿˮŷɳ塣
ˮͣƺ˼ٲһֱǰ壬սŰţôһڣͷ֪ͣħǷ׷
أ
͵ײһ޴ʯ棬̹ǵʹһȫӾʹ˹ȥ


ϴŵĺתֻʹޱȣ֪;·ʯܽӴ˶ٻء
ǰһͷ㷢ʪɢڼʪ͸õĽ棬֫ϸ磬ǰ˫壬ʪµİ£Ե쳣˶ͦʱվһͻľ棬ɫ԰׵Ĵؿڡ
ۣ
һڻǵĺˮ˳ܣĶħ׷û
ǰǷкƥˮһСȵʯһ˵ʯʱͰվʯǰһʯ档
ٲһȻʯҲ֪ħû׷ʱٲǰ棬ҽק󣬾Ͱ㻽ˡüȻһ̾Ҳ֪ҸףûӳħĶ֣
ħȻ׷ǣ㸸һûµġ˵ģһɱħ㸸׵Ķ֡տο˰һ䣬ͻȻʲôֽ½ڵǿذͳ˳
ԭϾһϧȴ˼ơ



60 
Բ𣬰ĶŪˡЩ˼֪ҪڹؼʱͻȻһȦ֣Ȼħ֡
ҲЩʹȴЦҡҡͷҲãԺҾͲЩˡ
ȵˮǣ鱦鱦ϣҰѡһ鱦͵⳥룬ȻһЦƺǷ顣
ˡվһǣֻʹԪת֪һ·Ȼײ˲ʯȴδˣұǷһξ㣬ֻǳƽˣ㲻ý黳
ҵҵңǷ㻹ˣǷģһ㣡
۶ǰ۵һʪ㷢鱦ʮٰһΣʱ򣬸ʿˮ鱦ܵ鱦鱦鱦ҲȡǸղص鱦ҿԪʯҲ鱦ҿǳţһȥʶʶ
ҲáγûʲôرĿģһˮдʢᣬʱǰʶһͷˮҲˮƹĶǣˮǸԣȥǷ緶ǡ鱦ǶУӦ
̡
ŻһֽţƺǣƣҧһЦħҵҵ˴ֻǳɱħˣ

ǰٲˮӿȣӨ͸ˮĴɽǰһСȵʯϡ
˾ȵףӦҪͰǰˮǣȻܹ;ϣȻֽߣ·в㣬ȥʱȻ̫ãָħʲôʱ
Щҩݣ£ƿ϶кôӽӴȡСƿװõļ滨ݣյݸš
ϸģյ滨ݣһСƿװˣеƿװˮеƿʪܹȷЩ滨ݶʱڲήһЩܹʱڷŵҩݣ֮ĥɷۣҩЧ̶ȵر
ҶϾɹڻ̲ݣ
žһŵнӹ껨ݣżգ㣬ôóݣ
ЦЦʵ𣿡
ͷžϲȻãҶԲѪϾɹڻ̲ƻָٶȼӿ죡ôô౦
ƳһۼеĽӴõӦǽӴɣû뵽㾹Ȼô£ЦҡҡͷԳѹ˵Ҫ鱦Ϲ鱦ˣһǲƴ֣ͳĶأ
þˣ°ɡǺǣһתһʶʶˮ鱦ʢءЦЦû˵ʲôԹԭػֽţתԪǡ
ż˺һһЦͳСƿһһ򿪣ԥһ£Žҩȡ£ȻҲ˼վԣ޳ںȻʯĬȻԪڵҩ

̤̤̤̤
ٲǰ棬̤ʯٲʯڵļɫһ䣬ľˮ˲롰֮һб仯Ǽӳĵס
һˣԪԣٲĴߣѰʲô
߾
򻰽̸𽥿ٲߣǴ㴩ٲ
ͻȻ͵˼գ˫ҫƺѯյ
˸ƣʾӦ
ü΢ԥһ£ͷ
̤̤̤̤
˽Ų𽥽ӽĻΪƺٲ֮Ϯ
ϸĸһ£ոҿ϶ӽ˾֮֮УܹƾԷԪĲ²ԷΪ磬йԸѩľ飬ղͬȾʿ
˲ſٲʱ򣬼˫ȻһԤ׵ͻȻ֣ξһ˲˳

˵͵ش˳ȥƺٲкˮγϵۿɼĲƣһٲˮξƺͽȻ֣ӿƺˮͻȻһ
͵Ȼ˳ȥ
أأأ
غصײһǿһٲǰˮɽˮѵʯ飬ȫǰ

ʹ͵ش˳ֻͨͨƽˣؾ˾ȫˮ̶
߾
ʿԶ󺰴У̤·ʯѸٿ
ͻȻһ¶ףͷţ侲ߣұ㣡
ɫһ죬ԥ
죡ħ˵ڸˣ߶߲ˣռߴ١
ƺǳħֶΣһħڲԥ˼յӣǰ˫壬˼յĺϡ
ֺ޳ĴȣղҶ룬æ˳ȥ
кˮϣ͵һ٣ֻһŰţͻȻ
һٲǰʿϳУ˿һԾһ̤һϴʯ棬͵һţش˳ȥ
;Զʯļ㱳Ű˰
Χ羰֪СдУһÿù֦Ҷïʢůչ⣬ǿشïҶ䵽պͰϡ
û˼Űŵļȫעſһ߾ظӦΧԪһתڵԪ񱼣רû·ĲݴԻïܵ꣬һͷɽҰ



61 Ľݼ
չ£ձŰţ۳ҡ
ȫɱȻ֮һԪӦһڰʿǰһܹܿγɺΧ
Ԫ˫ȣûʹľܵٶԽԽ죬Ų֮䣬ÿÿܹ׼ȷش֦϶д
ϵİžܣĻᱻ;ʿסΨɱħ֣һ·϶ľ
أ־粢ļգȻδ֪һ㣬ܹڹؼʱܿΧʿźɻ󣬲׼վôġ
ʱ֮󣬼ձŰţԽïܴ֣ͻȻ̤ƽĹܵ
һӶˮƹ̶ӣ϶ѻųĻĸ·Щ̶ЩҲʿڹٵűܵļգִɡ
㣡
ͻȻһһ¼յļ
ӵȻһͣվڹٵ룬һ۰ţʵô
һ죬΢΢˱ܣŻشǰ̶ˮĽݼҵģĽݼˮƹĴ壬̶бȻʿͣǣʿȻҷ׷ɱ
Ŷ
յ˵ͷٶȣظǰ̶ӡ
֮ǰʤϸƣ֪ˮĽݼ˿ģˮƹ˿󣬾Ľݼҿġ
ʢ˿Ľݼҵ̶Ӿ;ɽǰʳΡƷȡĲ˿ò˿Ƴɻ˿ۡ
Ҵδǰĵ̶ӣȻƾ̵ģ̶ǿʿͣһ㶼֡
㣬ܲȰҷ
źڼն
ڼձϣͷżյĲôһζ򼧳գ뼧տڱǡ
ֱʱ򣬼ղʶôŰЩףʱûʿвսһӷˣȻϸо˰ǰصķͦһ˫ֱȵķ
Բ𡭡
æŷһΣͰһξ룬°ջ
㡣ƺЩҿգװضЩ׷ʿӦĦа̵ĺڰʹӣǾиеͣ϶ԶԶħȻڹٵ׷ɱǡ
Ħ̵Ľ岻徻ǻĦѣôɱħħְࣿպʵ
Ħŷ̫ȷǽ徻ǻֻۣǱĽ塣ĦʵһֱΪ֣ʥĸֻϵĽ徻ǻĴȻ֮⣬Ħ̻һڰ֮ڰ֮п־塢̰ޡɱħͷħ֮»кڰʹӣһֲΪ֪һΪĦУһЩ˵Ĺ
Ħ̲ŷִƺڰĦܹ֮Ϊһʿɣʥĸ֮ͨ⣬ڰ֮ǹûٺĦ̵жԵʿɣڰ֮ħˣ˵ûкڰ֮һ֣Ħ̸ܳΪһʿɣ
ѹĦ̵һ
뾻ݡ̸ۡ۹´ƣҲʤ˵һЩ״ȴûһĦ̵Ȱ˵󣬼ճһͻȻʵɱħħΪʲôԸ
Ҳ֪ΪҵɽǰɡҡҡͷƺԸ̸£ָָǰĽݼҵ̶ӣЦ˵ĽݼҲƴ֣˿ÿ궼ΪĽݼ׬ȡ˵ĲƸĽ׻ˮƹʿ֮һǸǣȻܹƽˮǡ
С̫ˣһˬʵͻȻǰĽݼ̶Ӵһ£ֳһߵĽףͻȻһͷնŤͷŰš
Ľ֣þòˣû뵽㾹Ȼ̶СȻһЦͻȻżĽݼҵ̶ӣָżսܵõܣ׻ԣҵɱħħ棬Ұﲻæ˵ˣֻܹõ˱ܣոĽݼҵݱܺڰʹӣĽֲҪ֡
һ㶣ſԣȴֹֻܹĬ˰׻ݣЩΪʲôŷҪԼһõܵͷ
ʲôĽһŭĦа̾񣬰С㣬ںδϺͼȥ
ĽֺˡҡͷüҺҵɢˣҵû׸ȻȫˡЩ׷ĺڰʹӣĽݼҵ̶ӣҲܿˣĽֲ̫
»ڵĶ֣Ȼɱ˫ħСˣǺһȽϱաҪǰС㲻⣬ܵĽݼҵ̶Ҹұ֤ڰСûлָ֮ǰû˺С㡣Ľ롣
ԥһ£ЦԾܾˣˮѾԶˣҺһ·ڹٵӦòʲô⡣
Ľ˼䣬һҲǿ󣬻ƥţǾǰʲô飬СֻҪߺһˡ
գĽµĻԣؼǰУ;ʱʱĻͷ԰Ϊġ
һӱգҿĽ׶㼫ΪģΪʲôֵܾʵ
ⶫ˵ˣǷˣҪԸǷ飬ҲԸǷģЦЦѹ˵
ȻЦҡҡͷû˵ʲôͰŲ
֮˸Ľݼҵ̶ӣڵˮǡƥĽףŴżգֱˮǡ



62 
ˮǣղ֪ΪʲôˮǱΪΪԣĳǳأ
ˮǼһȥǺѹѹķݣ·㣬ˮ
Ŀ̱鲼·ԣſջƵĽ죬߸߷˴£飬ϵ´Ĺͣƺװ˽Ǯ
һЩµ¥أŮӸµŽˣʱʱĿЦѰɾˮǵŮ·ϵ飬ͷǳЦƮ󵨵Ķſ
֪ǷΪ鱦ἴʼ·ʿټڿĴ棬ܹظӦһЩլջУǿȵԪЩʿЩУҲ˽飬ԪС
Ľݼҵ̶һˮǣͺͼա˷ֵˣ֮ǰĽ׼ǰĽݼֱͣԸܾˡ
ߣҸطס
ˮǣ˳׷֪Ħ̺ڰʹĵӣҲˮǹ컯֮Ϊˮ;ѲӵĳǴӸѡӵܣһʵ߳ǼĦ̵ĺڰʹӿӦġ
һγţز죬ɰŰš
ܿ죬ˮһľĽֵ棬ѡһҲ۵ĿջʱסѡǽǽĿͷ䶨֮󣬰ںͼ˼䣬㼱عž
ϰ˹¶ļգҲûмȥ䵴ˮǣʮ췢鲻٣㾲ĺúһ룬ȻѪ̲Ԫ
ڣ㲻˾ȡһЩӴڵĸרѪ죬ϧһ
ڵİţͬû߳һʵʵػָƣһǽڣվʱܹƽȵĺ

峿һ硣
ˣ
ߵߵǽڣͻȻʵգ𣿡
ǰˮǵ·ϣͼղ໥̸˲٣֪˼յ
š
ǽڣջӦһ
лҩƺ˲٣϶ưɣߣҴȥ䣬ˮȤĵطأһӦüʶʶЦ
ðӦһϴһȺ
һһµ˳ɫٲ԰ף޹䣬Цӯӯغͼղ߳ջˮǵķֵ档

ףְ
һͻȻһоõǰһռĸۡУǿҵԪһЩꡢʿ׷漷ƺʲôֺƣǸۡǰЦԴǴȥҲ
أȻһЦϸŤֱȥ
ۡǰŮϵЦݸˣæŽȥ
һ£Ҳظϡ
һ¡¡ײ˳
ǰһ޴䳡ΧڷŸֱĥ̴С˻Ҫ׳üʯӡ
䳡߽Ǵ˿̨һŻǿԪʿ
䳡룬һꡢʿƱרŵ˽вԣҪô׳ʯҪôԪȭͷСʯ飬һԵˣһս֡
Χ̨Щǿʿ۾һսϽֵʿʱʱĵ̸
Щҡͷ̾жЩ˫Ź⣬ԸԵˣһЩ̨ˣ׷˿̨ս潻ֹʿһЪϢӭȥЦ̸ʲô
ӣջδŪ⾿ôһ£ǰһɫߣ㲻͵غȵСӣ·Ǽһ֣˵ʿȼȻǰȲԣ
ѾǼǺˣ׻ԣ֮ߺͻȻð˳Цӯӯ˵
ԭǰСˣţֱӴǰһԪԪˡͷЦЦʾ⼧ոϽȥ
ߣҴ棬ҰžˡڼһԻʱ򣬰ק䣬һ˴СʯԲ̨һģһĸµ㣬һ£׻ԣ֮
ߺŴ˰Сģͦģ̷ָ֮ǰСһʯͷЦеضԼ˵ɾ룬Ԫʯͷ˺ԴһЩġ
Сԣ԰ɣ͵档ЩԥЦ
Ȼ֪⾿ôһ£żȻϤԼ־ȹẦԼοõǼӦûʲô⡣
һ£ղԥһ̧һУǰǿȭͷСʯͷɵķżյԪ䶯ǿʯͷɿ趯š
˺ˣ
̷Цֹղٽǿʯͷ趯æָԲ̨һСʯͷɣܹԪ̧ɾͿԣ̫໨ڶһԪƺ񰡣

δ䣬ǿСʯͷżյ̧֣ͻȻ֮ʯȵ䵽Բ̨档
̷Щ죬Цһۣƺѯʰŵ˼
ף
Ա߿̨ϴһֻƳһ۵һλʿ߲δջأͫ΢۾򼧳ߡ
ڴʱԪǿĥ̴СԪʯѱԪʮɵĸ߿շɿعš
ԪʯԲ̨صһ飡
һ仰δ˵̷Ŀɿڴ̧ͷͷٹľ޴ʯֿ̣˿еļգüͷһͻȻŰţţǲǼұȽУļһﶺţ



63 ҫĿ
ûֻΪŽǿЦҲżգΪʲôԪ
ʲôЦ֮ʿôôɵһīʯ̷ԲţսţͻȻЦţСһʲôϵ˱Ӧеľ룬ȴԴ˹֮ǲʲô
֪ǲһЩ컳ŷһ죬㣬Ϲ˵ʲôа׻ԣõܰ
ͷܵܵ˵ˡ̷Ц
أ
ĥ̴СĺīʯȵԲ̨
ȤЦѯ̷ʲôԣǺǣֲԵȤûʲôı׼
ԪԶһʿСǰ;̷һǰֽ滮һʣݸţЦţ߲òˣȥԪɡ
ӹ̷ֽţſһۣԪԽ㣬ۣǹߵģ
СʵǶ˭ۣҿûƫ̷̻Ц̧ͷ̨һЩˣ㿴ЩһҲע⵽ߵˡֻҪڽĲвʧˮ׼Щϼһ϶Ҫء
˳̷һշֱֻעսսЩʿмȷĿڵƺǳı֡
ߣСԣҵԪĵطŻ˻еֽţżһʢˮСǳ̷С̷˹ھɵģһĶشС̷ˮףԱ߼ˣһָ£Ԫˮɸָ״
ҲмԴʿ̷ˮڵԪǰɸָĻޣ۷֮ı֣
ţææҴ˹һ¡ŹЦŶǸֵк
СŰɡһվԶһ㣬ȰŹֽӹŵֽţһԪԽ
żգصСӣԽԪ̷ˮˮˮ̶ΪҪʵ
յ˵ͷԪһǰˮ̶еˮͻȻɳһţһˮڰղɢ
ӣԲʯߣ
٣
ͻȻˮתһȦûһˮӷɽȥһķС̶ˮΣصڶԲʯµʱһֱ仯ΪһԲĴʯ顣
ߵ״ԺҲسǰ߳κ󣬻˱ܡζƣڣ߳
գ
ظ̾Ťͷ԰ЦСһԪƿؼΪôʱ䲻ûһˮӽﲻﱼڣǷ
źЦͷҲǳˡ
Сӣ̷ˮԴԪȤƵһõЦݡ
̨ϣԽԽʿע⵽˼գһսڽսʿһͷߣһãƺڴżսı֡
ϣҡҡͷЦ˵ҪԪʵ֮־֪ҪңҲܹҺҺ̲ԪѪҺδ͸أʱԪ

ֵؾһһľȣԪԽԪĲٿҲﵽ˾֮ĵزһѾ޵֮۷أ
һ£زһ㲻ʧ˫ڣ˼Сӣʵˣ治СţСһǱް
գذסŵֽţüһ£ֻһʣȻŵݸţһԣΪѡһ޵־֪ԣСһԪ񣬿;ԸһĽսҲһͻ䣡
ԪնȡԽսع黹ֽţһ飬Ǿϲлżԣ
ѾͷлҸɶֵһ壬ʧЦСһȷҼôνſûһܴһʵ
ǺЦ˵Ľ̸Ҳ廰صĿУʶ˵Īµľ϶Ϊ׼ȷҪĪҪʿؼʵʵȹ̣ǰһԪ졢ĻιˣĲԿ϶ɲ
ͻȻ̨һܼģˣһԾӿ̨еǰСֵܣûȤңֻҪңǱ֤ϳ˵ʿؼϰһͻƵ֮Ƽȥʹְǰ;
лˣõʱûءûȼտڣŸæǰһվǰܾ
Щʧͷûٶ˵ʲôת˿̨ע⵽յһߵ
ͷڵżգ͵ĵȻЩεҡҡͷƺǳʧ
СԣߣıȶͷϷЪЪʲôܣһҰšżյ䣬һŵЪϢأȼº̷дֽţһӵĵطʲô
һЦӯӯ߹ûȼտڣԵһţͣˮǸ壬ˮƹһЩʿѡŵӺ͹רųأһЩڸ壬ɵɢ޺ſ̤ɣһ㶼ѡ
塢Ȼƣʿؾؼ㹻Ԫʯ͸ʿϡȱϡ
ɢⷽǷȱû㹻Ԫʯ͸ָʿ·潫ܹ࣬Щ塢ɣǵԴ츳ɢӱлˮȨܹڴռһϯ֮أݵλиʿԴԺĽҪȶжࡣ
ȻҪǽЩ塢ɣǵʿԴͬʱҲҪΪǳǵԼ
֪㲢ȱʿԴδȻϣ㱻ǻۿУֻǾսľ̫٣Щ˱ȶһЩܺʣ˿ţȶвಫ飬ǸĥԼĺûᡣ
Уӣֲ٣һЩصɽؾؼҲż֣ǴʶʶҲ˵أ
յͷЦл׽ˡ
һʲôֵذ˼һۣЦӯӯ˵ŰɣӦһֵˡǵãһսʱ򣬳Ҫ˿ԣҪ
š
׻ԣͯԶڴʱһոտõսһߺȡ
ȥɣСһ㣬սӦú㾳൱ҪʤͻԽΪ㰲һ֪־۷ʿˡ˼һѣ
еһս



64 ʤ
ڣһʮʿüͷѾڵȺˡ
һͯԶʿδ׳ķ֣˹һɣƺüձȽ׶Ը
Сֵܣ룡ͯԶվһȶ
룡һһȺͯԶĳ֡
̨һЩһ࣬עеߣҲΧվȺԶԶԶΪ˲Ե̷ˣҲʱʱߣڴżյı֡
ˣˣ
ͯԶȻӿ죬󣬴׳ֱ͵ع·ѪгɵһӱǽͻȻˡ
žžž
ͯԶһģ˫һ׼ӭս
ڴʱͯԶһЦҲǳһ㣬һţ׳ǻһͻȻ򼧳գֱǯһ㣬ֱżռ
ɫԪһţӿĲȻѹ򼧳ա
أ
֣ϣһ㣬ȵסͯԶơ
ֱ߰˦ԪɽһȻָסͯԶƣһӽ׳˦˳ȥ
ǣ
һţͻȻͯԶ֮ǰһݺݵײš
һɴϮͯԶδأָ߸׷ɣֱӷɳս
׻ʤͯԶܣ
Աʯһ˸ߺһֽػһʣִԺһֽгһţһۣߺ׻ԣӢ
ͯԶʤһɣСһ治Сӣ
治ӲͯԶ޹ĻԪһʤˣ

սԱΧ۵ˣ˽Ǿ
߸ϵĿ̨ϣ߶ȥս׷Ŀ˸˸ߣѯԵˣڴյ
һͦӰͻȻߵսһӢӢżգһ񣺡ָ̣
룡
岽ΪӢڳ㹻ĳ־룬鵭ȻӢȳ֡
˵ͷӢҲӱ۳䵶Լ䵶ƺѯʼǷ⣬ҪҪҲѡһ
ˡҡͷ
ֻһıȶӢδ۳䵶ʣŵһ趯䵶磬һƽա
ӵĽӽһӵʷݳɢһƬƬ󻨰꣬ɿ
ͻȻ䵶תŷ򼧳գӢ;ͣĵԪ䵶
ƺ֪ԪԲñ
ΧͿ̨Χߣ΢ЦͷڳӢǡ
ҵעǶڼϣʱӦñܹ䵶Ӣһʤܣ䵶壬ӢطİΣԾؽƷӵ£ǳ
ϣ
ղδܿ䵶͵˽ȥ
ѡһԶĽսʽ
ظ׳ԪһɿתΪͳ߶ԪӲһɽҰʯ
ǣǣ
ۻ裬׾ʩչֱ趯䵶֮С
ԸƵ׾ûףһޱȣ䵶ݳһȫɢ䵶δʣոںֱ۵ֵ
ĿģΪ˳ͷأֻǴΪ˻ս飬ҪǱܹ䵶ֱӢ˹Υı⣬䵶δʣҲµԺη塣
飡飡
ֵʵֱۣɿٶԽԽ죬ʵĹһһ⣬䵶Ʋʱ򣬼ͻȻ֣׼ȷؿס䵶
ķڷ
ȱӢȭɫ
䵶ҪǳʣѾˡȻһЦ䵶ǰݸӢ
ЦЦӢûж˵ʲôӹ䵶תս
׻ʤӢܣʯ˸ߺһ
ͣһ淭һǰһֽţΪѡһλ֣ٴ׻ԣκɽ
Ÿո£һΰ꣬Ȳվս
жκɽΰ꣬˷ܣ·ܺͼһսһЦֵܣҶˣ߸·ߣֻܵǻ֣̫ˣ
룡һ𣬼Ҳ˷ܣ
оĳκɽԪҪͯԶӢ˻̫࣬δ֣һɹԪϸѸ
ڵԪտֱ˵Ķ֣
ãһ֣ƽһ͹һҿͣ򣬿ʼʱһҪȫעһģ
ʹ죡κɽЦһͻȻԭһġ

֮󣬶κɽƺһ˼ʮӲʯȻѿٴ̤أκɽɫһȻһ䣬ǳɽһһֳصѹ
̤̤̤̤̤̤
κɽ˫żգһ򼧳գÿһ£Ʊͽһ֣ƽʯǰһѡ
üһǶμҵĿɽʯһ϶ǶμֱϵӵܣȻ϶ûʸɽʯ
ģμֱϵӵܣʲôʤˣ˭μ˲ɣ
һսͷӵܣ

ΧȺУһ
һΣƺٿüգһҳֱϵӵܣȻõóֵľѧ϶һɢ޿Աġ
һԲеǰκɽƻ۵۷壬ͻȻһɽ͵˼ա
žžžأ
һ˲䣬ӰѲһҵȭײһӴ˳
κɽ磬κԪԪķʽҰɴࡢֱӵķʽȭſ伧յ壬ȭŽӴǼ䣬űֲıը
սĹʽȷԪһ㲻ʧÿһÿһԪᱻ̶ȵı
һʿᾡΪһ͵ʿĻᣡ
κɽһеٮٮߣ



65 ֮޵ˣ
ʹ죡ʹ찡
κɽһˣЦһƸʤ򼧳գҡ
籩Ĺ£մ粽ãڻԪ׾ҵֱбӿǰظҪʼղ¶ܼ
ˣѪҺҲһ޾κɽĹԽ͡ԽǿңֵҲԽǿӲ
أպͶκɽŻӰսŲ崣Ӳʯأκɽȵÿ鱬飬ʯм׷ɡ
ʼգն֮ʱʱ̶ܹ̿زκɽԪۼںδǰһ裬κɽʼղͻķߡ
أ
۷һݺݵغڼſģһҫ۵ĹԣȻײƱ
ӽֿʼһֱĶκɽһ֮״ͣһ¡
ڴʱ
һֱȡļգ˫ͻȻһݵӣͻȻӲκɽǰ
Ǽ䣬ۻҵĹƣմ˳ӿһ͹һضŶκɽ͹ݡ
κɽӲ˼£ͻȻ˿񹥣εزȡơ
ĿըκɽԪ֧ɽʯֱ˵ĽսؼĵԪ̫󣬴ʱƣڱ¶˳
ȵľһ̣
һҵعƣ಻ش˳籼ڵĽˮƽϢ
κɽ£ϵغˣ֧ܲ͸Ʊ˺һ϶ΰӽжΡ
䣡
һȭڶκɽؿڣΰͻȻɳȥ䵽ȺС
׻ʤκɽܣ
£һٴĸߺ͵ش˳
Сֵ
ڵϵĶκɽҵشŴȴЦ
δˣֻҪδټһӣҾͻ֧ŲסˡҲЦˣκɽ䣬ӣҲ˵С
СֵԪ־֪͸ɲԪǰܵķڷκɽһȻҡͷˬЦҲñˣ֮ʿûܹʤù㣡
վκɽһֽţҵϢƽȣżЦСֵܣҪǲȻȾƣ
ã
ȻӦ£ʯԵˣʵһأ
һЦеһֽһֽ֮ǰĲԣԽʵԽǿκɽҴ³ģʤζͬȾУ޶ֿѡˣ
˻һȫȻ
ô˵֤ǰôʿУ֮ǵһˣ
̨ϣһԸ塢ʿɵæԸԵĹܼˡ
ͻȻӿ̨ϷԾļʿֵĹܼң׷׸ϵߣߺСֵܣڰɣǡ
Сѣٿһң㱣֤
ֻҪļңԪʯʿؼѡļֱϵŮмλδޣˣү˵ˣֻҪļԸΪ㰲һòİ¡

塢ɵĴͨеԲƸ·еݵλΪնļҸȻɫˣ
΢΢һ䣬ȻصļҴһۣͻȻȺߵǰ֮ͥ£һס˼յֱۣлλĺ񰮣õһǰֻǴʶʱûнκμ塢ɵĴ㣡
СֵܣٿǿǣļҼλСòˣȥǶǻһŮӰļҴջ
ϣҶ˵ˣУüͷһɫЩÿˡ
飬Լ˵˲Ը⣬ҲŻļҴ֡
Сԣŵͷֱص
һЦ治֪Լ֮󣬾Ȼ˳㣬ڰŵע£ΧڴĸЦԾܾĲ㵽κμְлλǰ̧
ôһ˵ļҴſϰݣʧ̾ϢһЩ鲻Ըػؿ̨
ߣǳȥżգ
һ뿴ʿأ֮֮ʿȶӦøӾʣһûء
ˣЩ˻һֱ㣡ЩһΪǱʿֶβ˭̫ˣ밲ȣż
˵ͷûټ֣Ͱһ𴩹ȺܹЩƵƵʿҸۡ
СֵܣȾƣոտɴӦҵġκɽ׷˳ߺ
ˣǻءüͷƺԸκɽգæԾܾ
ȳֲö೤ʱ䣬Сֵܣ˵أκɽڴżա
ð
Զκɽоܺã˹䣬溺ӣû룬ֱӦ
ߣκɽһЦȰŶ˵§żվʹ˳ȥ
Σֻܹϡ

һͷӿӿķݣڶ¥һλãκɽߺŵһӾƲˣк׻СֵܣսʱӦһǰƽҪ⡢Ƶʹ죬Ұ¥Ʋˮʢơǹǧ
Ƕּ˼زˣƲصͷϸ
һڡơ븹üͷ֪ǲǺȹ˻գˮҾơơ˶ӣֻȻζʵʵ˵Ǻòˣ̫ƽһ㡣
ף
κɽһȻСֵܣľƻ
ЦЦյͷ̫ƽˣˮһû
˻һκɽһ죬ƲԲ˵İҲ̧ͷżգҾƿǳĻң¥ֺţ϶ϼپƣ㲻гζɣ
ЦҡҡͷմӽӴȡһ̳գվȡ룬֮󣬶룬ֱݸκɽţưɡ
κɽȻһ£Ŷһڡ
һھ븹κɽͻȻվɫǵͨ죬˼£򼧳ŴĴָУþƣþưҴСôƣûȹôƣѹˣѹˣ
һҲŵͷһСڼյĻա
ȿȿȡ
ҵؿѸٵؽǰһԴһֻյľƾ
㻹СƹءһӣպͶκɽѺȵͨ죬ھѳֵŶЦ



66 ȳ
κɽûȹգޣ̳ǲ壬Ĳ֪Լ˭ˡʮĻն̶ֳȵĻǳȣ˰̳˵ʵ㲻ʲôɫͨ⣬ûʲô
һô죿κɽſϣЩͷۣѯʰŵ
ãź޺޵سһ䣬ߴٵˣȻ֪øʲôգȻȥɣμʵۺˮǣûٸҶΪġ
ðɣҳȥ˽ˡ
һʼͽˣߣƺ֪ԼƵģ߰ɣȻùݡ

ʱ󣬼ա˻λε·ϻһЩϴˢþߣ֮ǰػùݡ
ûϻݣżһݣһƨº󣬾ֱ˵գЩҪȥǼ壬ǧҪӦЩ塢Լ̫࣬˴˶òֺӽȥ㽫ûʲôô
׽㣬ô塢ɣһұȽĲ裬ݸһճʵ
ЩƺǳϤˣ֮ǰۡУЩ̫˵ǿ̸̸
Ųδش𣬳һüЩ塢ɣʵǿģСʮɽ󴨸Ƕ಻ʵǿʢĵɡ
ԪڣǬڡյ
ǹԪںǬڣ
ŵ˵ͷ촽һڲ裬ɸ߸ϣ桢۾°꣬˸ȨһԪڡǬڵļλϣ桢壵״ӣҲǾޱȸֻҪЩڣԪǬڵĳȻλκɡ嶼ˣ
ԪڡǬ֮£Ҽ壬ҡҡˮƹʸңǿ׳ҡҡʸҶۣƣƸɼԶԶǿһЩνʿɡ壡֮ҼڹԪǬ֮£ֻΪҼ壬δһ桢ַͨĳȻ
Ҽ֮ߴ塢ʿɡߴΪҶҡ¼ҡżҡξټҡ׼ҡĽݼҡңʿΪɡڡ̡»ڡӰڡΪڡ
ߴĳ¼ҡĽݼңɵ̡»ڣˮƹҶҡżҡξټҡɡΪڴʣµ׼ҡҡӰڲ
ߴ塢ʿʵۺ񣬸ڶ࣬ʿؾؼſճһֶ꾭Ӫרע߼塢ɵʵʹߴ塢ʿԽԽǿɽһ֮ͨϡ
ߴ塢ʿ֮УҪʵǿҪŰϵʷС塢СɣʵһѷɫǶ٣ھӪʱ̫ݣԲܹɽȥƩκɽڵĶμңѪɽĺؼңʵڣΪʮ꣬ȥļ塣
Щ塢ͽԼ;ÿ궼רŵڸεѡһЩѵĺӴȥ̵ÿһԴҪͨǽķļ֡
һ渵üյһ¸֣ǰ뾻ݡۡҲ̸һЩ´ƣ˵Ĵ඼ġ򡢶Ȥ£ƺ״Ҳر
ʤ˵˵һЩⷽ£ȴûа˵
ô˵Ǹۡļ塢ɣʵӦûߴ塢֮ˣһЦЦʵ
ǵȷԶԶߴ塢ɡҲЦˡ
ԭֻһЩСɡС尡ǺǣǼʶǳªǶءյ仰꣬һֱĬһԡ
żû˽ȤҲԼһӽô໰ҪʱʶȤվͼ˵һ뿪˼յķ䡣
ԪڡǬڳȻϣҰѳߴ壡ʵۺ
ǣأ
ԻͶʢļңɻ˼ǵãǸСԯļңɻ֪£Ѿ˰ɣ
֮󣬼ᶨૣңңң

ҹڴأվ

΢죬ȴȻӽ˼⡣
ǣ
һ죬շŴڶѣͷҵʿͻȻ˽
λкιɣڴصļһͻȻͺȵ
Ӧĳֻʿ£ȿ⡣
գܹʹޣæһ˿д
˻һ֪ԼǸۡʱӦñһЩδϳˡ
δʱڰ̫࣬Ѱɽĸ÷ˣ޺аԵ޹˼ɣкܶǱڰʿӡ
ͷ¶β֮ûȤ̸ɴؾܾ
ٺ٣Сӣˮǣδ󣡿û޸ʹ𾴾ƲԣԷƣ˵Ц
һϲԷƣ
һһԾȥȳ֡



67 

˾ͻȻ˳ˮֱŶҵʿ
ξһһУԪ쭳ȥ͵غˣӿȻ
أ
촫ҹʿͬʱУƺû뵽ջȳ֣Ӧٶһġ
£һ·ײײľţֱӵɵùȡ
֨
ŷȻˣһΣѵ˼ǰڵصĶʿæ˭
ˣ
ͺһһ̤Խţһˣ׾Ȼ͵ͻȻݺݵ䵽һ˼
꣡
Ĺ˼ϴ˵ǿ߶ûһæ˱ܡ

ߣȻһ׷ͼܵˣһչ׵ĹâջһĻߣ͵ػ˺󱳡
䣡
ӷɳȥײľţһ᷿
ߣ
ϣղûгʤ׷ͺһץסŵ󣬳Ѹٴȣù汼ȥ
ùУͻȻʧסùˣֽУ˻
ҵʿŲԣܿù˳ǱҹɫУһûټ

ֻʿգûҪܡҩƻָĺܿ죬ȫƷ˵ģοءһۡǽӰüͷȻ⡣
ɿŵ󣬼龯裬һٴеģѹʿΪ塣ùոջһǱţӦò粻ͣҿӦġ
һȻֵʵɣոҶûˣô֪
˾߹أû´Ӧ֮ǣԷȴ쾳磡˵ƻδָȬˣҲĴڣճ
ôһ˵Ŵסˣ죬Źֵʵ˵Ĳҵȷֻ֮ʿΪʲôܹʿĶգûŪɣ
ҡҡͷյ϶ͣһ£ֵʿؾЩ⣬ԪĲΪУΧһΧڵʿֻҪƺܹӦó
˻һ΢΢ſˣһľ졣
û˵ʲôʿؾ棡
ˣ
ͺһһץסŵ󣬼һأæߣ˿
ߣ
һǧɴгפأˮƹʳǣŸ塢ɵĸ֣˶Ȼڳ񣡡
ã
¹£աڿĽֵ۳ң˰ɣһѲҹĳӭ
ҲڴʱĸӦһֱ׷ǵһʿͻȻת˶ǵļ׷

ڶա
˻һùݣùݽųϢľʿ࣬졢֮ʿפؾ
ҹľգ˶ڰճӿʱˮε֮ǰùݣżҩָƣƶؾ
ջǲܹѪҺ̲ԪҲ޷ԪѪʼžͰ̽һҲ˵ȻȰ˵ʱܹѪҺֱӽо֪־ĺ
հ˵ѪҺԺľȻӰ죬Ӱ첢أ˵żȻѪҺľϣҲԷֻҪڽ֮ǰѪҺһؿþˡ
ղĽ飬ʱѪҺֱӽо־֪ص
ûκ쳣൱˳ʱ䣬ھ־֪ϣžԾʮ㣬ÿÿܹĻѡ֪ҲԽԽˡ
־֪ʵָı걾⣬Уֻ󡭡
ĲԸĸԹޡԪΡֱˡࡢµݻ˸ֿɲĳԺв֣Ӱıġ
־֪Ծȥϸζǿ־ȥֵ֪ȥ졭
־֪ʵγɹֻ̣н־֪Բˣγꡣ
Ϊ־֪γĸ
֮γǱһ겻ɣ޷ľ硣
ΪԺÿһ磬ز٣ľ磬Ҫߣ겻׳ܹӵиָͨ
ҲֻγɣʿſԪ
˼գ־֪ߣγɣһξ롣

պ󣬰ƻָ룬ɷ޹硣
գѰգϽ֡
һϽֵϸӦвʿظ·һѸȥ
֪񣬾һӦʮʿܹӦˡ
ô£ʿظһطǲʲô鷢ˣüͷȻʵ
鱦ᣬվʽʼˣȻһЦѵˮǵĿˣ
ԭˣЦЦͰһ·ʿУֱ鱦ȥ



68 鱦
鱦󱳺ǳ¼ң¼ߴ֮һʵۺڸơ
鱦ÿһ꣬ڶʿǰһ鱦רΪʿٰʢᣬ¼Ϊ췽óһЩµ鱦ֻҪۣͬȼ鱦¼ģԸۻ򽻻
ÿһ鱦ᣬ𾪵鱦֣ܶ¸ʿǰЩƿĳ鱦塢ʿ᲻Լò鱦ЩԼ鱦
鱦Ϊ¼ƵҪ֧Ϊ鱦̣ˮĵشӵһռĸۡ
աˣ鱦ܲ󣬷ʿƽʯԼǰڷһЩ鱦ۣЩдŻȡԪʯЩдֻȡĳ鱦
鱦Ҫ鱦һԪʯȡһƣƣܹ鱦Ҹط鱦
աˣûнԪʯȡƣǶƮ鱦طһ·϶ںشŰڵϵ鱦
ʿҲ鱦Ĵε۾ѰԼҪ鱦
ضȡ鱦۵ʿʯϰĿĸʽ鱦һȥ鱦չµҫҫ۵Ĺâ鱦⻪Ŀ̲ס
鱦˷г¼ҵĸѲӣӳҲפ鱦䣬ֹ˵죬鱦ڼۿᱦ
ǰ鱦ᣬȷЩԳ־˱˵鱦ߣڳ¼ɭϵķ£ûһ鱦󣬻߳鱦ģһøǽ塢ָ
ÿһ鱦ᣬ¼ҶϼǿȣˮǻҲǳӳ¼Ҿٰ鱦ᣬζʳǸڳ¼ң֮ĸ֣Ϊһһˣܶ˶ˡ
鱦ᣬҲûгֹĿ֮¶ᱦˡ
Χʿ࣬졢֮ʿȱȽǣ졢֮ʿҲв٣֮ʿҲܼ
ȽǰͰżʶǴαȶᣬ鱦ʿҪö࣬Ҳ֮һ㣬ǡ
鱦ʱ䣬ǰ죬鱦ֻǸΰĹ죬κνʿһЩԪʯ󣬶ѰطԼʯֻҪ۸̸ף˫ɽף鱦һ㲻档
죬鱦רŲ鱦ĳƵϱ鱦Խ鱦ڳܹۡ鱦鱦Կ϶ǻʵֵǵ鱦ʱƴֵ鱦ѡ
Ȼ뽫鱦鱦鱦ļֵ֮⣬Ҫ鱦һΪķãҲ鱦Ƶֶ֮һ
һ죬鱦һ鱦ڣ¼һȡһǼ鱦ۣȻҲ鱦һ˵ԪʯĻ۸ߵá鱦ȡĻ鱦Է鱦ȻžǷ񽻻ռ
һţһΪս鱦;ڶ鱦Ҳͣһ·ƺûҵ鱦ٳû֡
ô˵ǰ;۵鱦鱦󲻼پѱˣЦ
˵ͷЦǰЩ˲ʶܻᱻƭѴǮһЩֵóֵ鱦ǰ鱦ҾԵɣֲרżʲô˶УƭɵӵȻҲУǺǣҲһЩ۹ܹǰõļ۸񣬹ϡ鱦ϾЩ鱦ļһҲһͶԼеĶ˽͸͸
ƩһЩûӵܣὫ洫鱦ۣҲ֪е鱦ֵԪʯܼĳϣֱӱעҪͬȼԪʯĳȻ׾ٵȥ
飬ÿ궼ᷢһ㲻Ϊ棬Ҳ鱦ʿǰĵطϾΪԼģ͵ļ۸Եı
΢ЦһŰŽһ߸ĴεƺΧһص鱦ûȤһۡ
գһΪӣǰ۵鱦пܻϡġҲƭ㣬鱦ᣬһʯͻȡһҲüͨԪʯ˶ǳÿһ춼ᷢ
һ·ϿҲԵ鱦һȻĽ͡
Цŵ˵ͷȻ׽㣬ѡ鱦۾ĺˣνϡ䣬һصЩͨʲôأܲһߵġ
͵˷ܣͻȻսգûЦɣܹ鱦еĸ
ף
һֱĵؼգͻȻһûŵĻֱһü۵ʿ
ӣմǰĸʿ鱦УһΣЦʵ壬ô

ü۵ĺӾһĴָ޵СֵܵǺȻһñһʿͳнбɱǡɾðűֵΣռξߡϧʵãܹεӳˣȻܹΣԲóۣСֵʶ֮ˣֻҪٿƷԪʯ;ȥɣ
̲ԪĶѣԪʯɷΪƷƷƷƷ֣ʮƷԪʯ̺Ԫֻ൱һƷԪʯ̺ԪˣʮƷԪʯɻһƷԪʯԴơ
һƷԪʯĻҾߣߣֽӽǰ߰ĸࡰ鱦Уղ͵վ
ˣҿСֵ˳ۣһƷԪʯһƷԪʯȥɣҲСֵ㣬˱ˣٶԪʯҲһԸҡһ߹άţһȡΣЦصݸա
һƷԪʯյͷߣ뿪˺εݸţЦ׽㣬ˡ
ſЦãӹοһۣԥһ£˵ǼһгμԳ鱦¼ˣ¼˴˦ÿһ鱦ᣬ֣רһЩ߰ļٻˣΣһƷԪʯֵ֪ʲôطһЩͭǮģ㰡㣬ƭ
˵ô˵Żϲ̵ؽδ⣬׽ˣл
׽㣬θҡȻЦ
źһЦ˵ֵǮ鲻ֵǮͷ˨˨ͷǿԵģǺǣѽ㣬˵Լʲô鱦ܼأǵģ˵˵ıĻ棬Ҳ㶼ˡ
һЦҡҡͷҲûֻͣǶһ䣺׽㣬һҪպã
ĻģҺõܵ͵Ķ׽ҵЦ˵кǸˣȻۣɱϾǼյһ⣬ԺҪ



69 
鱦ϣҲ˵ʲôͰй䡣
̵أ䵴УʱʱͷΣƺϲһ·ϽʼչЦݣϵΪսǰ鱦Ȥ¡
ĵضƮտҲصĸ鱦ûһȤ

ͻȻͣӣżռһͷӿӿ䣬Žʯڷŵ鱦
һƴСԪʯʯˮ档
һѱ۳乳乳֪úֲʴɣڹҫָ΢Ƶ乳źԵԪΧʿע乳ڵشš
һָƽ棬ָ沼Сϸףһָء죬Ļꡣ
һԪʯһ乳һָƽʯϣʿΧۣ鵭Į۾ϣҲԱΧ۵ʿ
鱦ǰһɫľϣһֻ֣Ԫ
ڶʿΧۣ֮˿ѯʼ۸ΪɫľһС֡
϶ǺöϧֻܹúԪԪֶһܹеģһҡͷ̾ε뿪
ιѣܹܲһԶ乳ΪȤʿͣͻȻʵ
鵭Įüбһʻߣû۾дֻԪֻԪ
ûȤЦҡҡͷټ֣Ҳת뿪ˡ
߰ɡһˮԪʯᳶ˳յ䣬
壬öٿԪԽӿȻͻȻЦѯʵ
Ƴһۣ۾𻰣ôա
ȻʧЦӽӴȡһīĺԪǰٵٿԪû鱦
һֱ۾۾Ȼ͵վżգæԪȥɣ
ֻҪִӽӴȡһԪӸǿˮԪʯͰָ˵ľ죬һץסţȺת뿪ˡ
ҲֽԪֽǰ乳סżյıӰһֱۣ鱦ȥ
ƺ鱦ĿģֻΪ˺ԪԪһ֣ϾͲٶһ̡

ŵ֪Ҫʥ乵ͨˮʯͷȷΪǱ뿪ŰʮɣսǿԪʯţȻŴϸ׵İָѰָʳָϡ
кԪԪΪ׳ϡ鱦ǼֵǵĺöûǿԪʯʵ
ǺǣСûֱͣӽʯͷ۵ģ΢Ц׽㣬£ҿԺҪ鷳ĵطأԪʯҲҪֻԪĲҲܹġ
ôһ˵ŲչջЦûѣðɣ׽Ƿ㲻飬ǷһΣҲ޷ˡգСĵ㣬˶ӣ鱦Ͽ϶û˸Ҷ֣鱦ᣬѱ֤ˡ
ߣǿȺд󣬱ܹߵע⡣оովۼһļʿʱںѰͰŵټЩ˶ȻͰᣬ̰⡣
鱦ӿӿضǰڷŵ鱦ʿĴεܹƾ֪Ӧ˵ϢŰĴȥһ򣬾ͽ漸˦ˡ
׻СֵܣҲڰһˬʵĴЦһдκɽΰӰͻȻԽڶЦǺǵߵǰ
δ磬ҲЦ
׹ҲڰκɽŴ˸ٻȻֱ򼧳գȵ§򣬵СԣδȵľƣʲôΪʲôҺ֮󣬸оԪһЩƺ˲洦
κɽ۷֮ѳɣһγɵʿӦἫΪܹºյĲҲڼ֮С
Ҳ֪ʲôǾ̺һЩҩġļգҲ֮Ҳһ֪ĺӣôʱĻգȻʶ˻յĲ
֮лˣܹóƺҷ˵СֵİѴ統ˣκɽһЦˮǣҶЩ·Ҫˮʲô鷳ܸߴ磬綨Ȼ㡣
лδ硣ռæлμȻߴ֮Уμʵߴѷɫ٣κɽʸɽʯ϶Ƕμֱϵӵܣôһ˵治ᡣ
ɽˡԶһͬΰһͷ󺺣ȵ
ҵˣСԣС㣬´μκɽһͷԼաŻ˻ϼĴ֣æȥ
աżεֱɫҲûٴγ֣һʿʼ뿪ʱҲУ뿪鱦

ùڣڴϣָָʳָϴŵһذָĥɰš
һԪ£ָС
ͻȻһɴʹʳָָĵطѪӰָСϸ
Ѫ䣬ʮֻСںСӣͻȻӰָϵϸ˳ѼϸϸѪϣʹ˱š
أأ
ʮֻںСӣֻСѪ֮ͻȻſССĳӬһ˳Ƶڷٴ󣬶һӴ˳ȥ
ڣʮֻСӵķ裬һϸڹ⣬ڹ⽻֯һһܵĴ
һʮֻСǷˣһ˰ָڹ⽥ʧ



70 ռ
ڶա
͵鱦󣬿ϧεһ죬ûзмֵ鱦Ϊ鱦Ԫԣ߿ۼߣΧҲʶòֵãû֡
һ˿ֶ顣
ҹŰָһֱʮֻСʲô;ΪʲôʳԼѪԺ󣬻ͻȻƵؾʮ㣬ÿԪתϴӰָгڿط衣
ԪʮֻСӾݷڰָУֻеǼϢָлʮֻСڡ
ʮֻСɳ棬ҹûмʳյѪԪתָʮֻСɳһӣذָüհ
ҪʮֻСɳ棬ÿһζʳѪԼԲء

졣
һ絽鱦󣬼ǰյоĿĵڳεѰõ鱦
ʱ֡
۾һֱͰŵ̸ЦļգͻȻһͣӣ˫һСذףѯʳߣذףǳۣ
һֻʮ꣬ӦòãԪ΢ֻһԪ֮
ͷ˼һۣ䲻ȵʮƷԪʯۣ
ذûʲô֮㾹ʮƷԪʯССͣĻͦڵҡͷʧЦᳶһѼգ߰ɣȥĵط
ߣһʶˣ䵭м
ŲƽϣЦû˵ʲôֻǴߴټտߡйһιεľ飬¼ջٴϵԩͷ
Ϊʲôȵ죬õ鱦ȥۣذ׺ܲ鱦֮һһ൱ļ۸񡣡ûм뿪ʵ
ôһ˵˼գɫһͷ鱦鱦ҪһЩԪʯõ鱦ۣҪԪʯûԪʯԸǡ

һ̾һ£ſʵֻʮƷԪʯذףռһˣû취ֻʮƷԪʯֻܳôࡣ
ˣżôߣԼˣקżսȵ
ֻǿʯƷԪʯۣȻʮƷԪʯ˵Լռ˴ˣˣ
ټһԪɣ㻹ǳԿġûţӼ۵
۾һĶˣȴûŴӦԥһ£ŵҿȸ㣬ΪڼȱԪʯáԺ㹻ԪʯҪӦ
У
˵ͷӽӴȡּ̫ү͵ҵʮԪʯóһԪһǰҽмգܹҵңҽذٻ㣡
һ£ȡһ̳գмҩһƵǰ⼸Ҷģ͵ұذ׵ĸĴˣ
꽫ǰĶСպãܣûע⵽ߣգҼǵˡվø͵һл㼱ȺУգʧ
հ治֪ô˵źˡǰǰΣһƷԪʯҲͰˣذף㣬ôô߼۸أᣬż
ϵذսӴյЦ׽㣬ռ˼ұ˲ǣ˵û㻹ǲʶ
㣡һߣź޺޵صһۣЦˣƴ֣Ҿ͵ǾȼˡǾȼãҲóôߵļ۸񰡣ʹ
˺ˡտο䣬ֺ䵴Ȼ뿪鱦
һ鱦󣬼ɫ΢䣬ͻȻ׽㣬Сĵ㣬˸ء
һæ˰죬Ҳûֿʿɻգ˸٣
ߣȱŻùݣĴٻεεյͺһߵһȺʿ룬ȵһսǣһѽץŰŵ󣬼æսǣٵر˳ȥ
ӾͷһŰɫߵİӰǽӰȻվһ˫ӣۼڼϣСֵܣһ㣬û붯ˣӣ
̶޺УȥԼȥˣʲôһ䣬æʹɫʾ˻档
û㣡ʵӰЦƺʱ䣬ͺȵСֵǲԸˣû취ֻܶˣСְֵ
գӰһΣǽӰȻʧһ̣´ش¡죬һ˫԰״֣Ȼӵص˳żսץȥ
ۡΪһֿ磬ʿ
֣
ɫȻһ䣬Ҳû룬ץеذ׺ݺݵȥ
ƽذףͻȻʢһ˿˿⻪ˮ㼯һĿ⣬ذ׼˱ͻ
أ
һ޴죬ӿذ׵ӿֳذ׵ұۣۣ޾
ֻӵصĲ԰״֣һ壬æصȥ
أأأ
ʳָǺʮֻСͻȻɳ˰ָط裬͵ջصĲ԰״֡
ڹ棡
ص״һĺֻ԰״Ҳ¶һֻ԰״ȫס
ʮֻСɳ棬ŵѪζĲӬǿطϵط裬ôҲ뿪
ߣ
żȡ
ͷתսץǰѸոջѴ۸չذףͰһӣһ򣬱ػĳ֡
أأ
ʮֻСɳ棬֪ʲôط˳һ·ʳָİָڡ



71 ԪѪ
ɫˮĴϣҲˡ
ϼĻҹȻ٣ڿĳϣաɫҴңֱ鱦ȥ

һ˻ǣòͻȻӵص׷˳߱ģ˴æ·ļաš
󵨰죬ҵף
ŽһһͻȻֳˮֻˡ
ɫĹΣ̧֣һģֵȻڷ
ڶųӣˮڳһΣԽţҧǰɱļա
æͣתظֱͣһ˦
¡¡
ˣ׾˳ˮ
һ˳ֻڵƣû̫ܶӰ죬ڶ˳ͻȻһͣƺЩܲסڶξӲǲܼͻ
һˮӵ߰ں׾;ξһ˵ӵ籼ڽˮһӿƺơ
䣡
һ죬ԪγɵͻȻϳɼأ廯Ϊ׷档
ֻǰһף˻ͻȻײ˳ȥغڼؿڡ
һɲƥеĴųءʵϢֱӿӿ˼塣
֮Ӳ֮ʿԪں׾;ξؼޱ棬ɳܲסֱӵ˳ȥ
أ
Խǽ䵽һۡУԪңؿڳƣʧȥ˵
һҪس˳ȥڲбŭ쳣ݺݵץǸסĵˡ
ˣȻ˵鱦󣡡
һûгʤ׷ҲûͰžͻȻأһûټ
ϵյİΣæתֱżյ鱦ȥһؾʧ롣
ֻ֮ļգӲʿһѾ׶༪ˡȻźͼʶ죬һ뵽ô뿪ԼıܵҪƺ
Ȼİţǰʱ򣬷ڼԣѾΧ˼鱦¼ˣżָָ㡣
ÿ
һƿһ·ĳ¼ɫȻس嵽ǰһĿ£Ѫһ㡣
㣬ôż
Ϣȣһѵ񣬿ЦһҵǳױˡЩѵվȻİһۣ׽ģȻˣ϶˵ġ
λԲҺܸոձ׷ɱʵȲѣ鱦ݱܡǰһȽղȵӷסȻŶΧĳ¼͡
һ£ЩΪѵ˵»ڰײ׺Ůλܷи㣬ҺڸЪϢһ
ԭǰС㡣һѮҵ˵ͷһԸƣС㰲һ᷿
һ£ϵ˼ؽͣС㣬ǱǸ鱦ھٰ죬Ͷݾ鱦󣬸᷿ޣˣҲҪӦΪֻһ᷿ˡ
޷ллˡżæл
λгƵŰšˣ鱦󷽴͵᷿Խǰ漸¥󣬽˴һΪƧ᷿ŵ˽ȥԺ΢ЦλʲôҪԵǰԸ͵ѾͷֻҪ¥˵ҪѾͷᾡľ𡣡
ţллòػһ䣬Ϸţż

º󣬾ڶ̺ؿڿҵͼƻ塣
ɫǵͨ죬ȫעԪֵûϰŵʻ
ʿһ̺ƻˣȫԪȻܹڵȳȥ
ͻȻǹܽ˼յѪҺС
Ǽ䣬ѪҺȼշûȼշӦѪҺһޣѪҺеһûˡ
ѪҺڣסһȼգ
ۣ
һѪ˳һѪƺܽѪҺе쳣һȫʧˣ
ǽϵѪĺۼ·ڵǿѪУӲرƳ⡣
һ̣ҵϢͻȻָ
ؿڻ⣬Ҳûʲôʣոոûܹһ
վһֽţԪתѸһȭԪֱгͨ衣
ף
žһŵŸոջõļգеգܹվˣʿһôܻ
ҲûҲɻż׾ؿ׳һתûһ쳣
ûżУԼ̫һ㣬æѹңʿһҲôָЦҡҡͷૣһô£Ϊʲôźͳ˴ྶͥء

յͺһɪɪƤȻ
ڴʱͻȻоڵѪҺУһɿֲ˱
һ˲䣬еԪѪ˱һգ
ѪһһµѪؿڲλԪ֫ٺеѪڡ
ԪѪ

һƨ̱ڵأջŰţ׽㣬֮һѪҪԪ
һԪɣżæʵգô
ΪʲôʮԪľһѪңƺʮԪأտЦ
˻һŴľ޷



72 鱦
ȫԪľһѪ۳ջѵڵϣɻ
ϧȴΪ״Գʿ״⣬һ֪
֮һֱԪѪһأַ˼ķͻˡ
һ˲ͬԪѪƺܹƿصģ·ֻѪʧˣܹʵʩԪѪ
ңѪ˱ڵԪԪѪ
һҡҡͷ԰ŵ׽㣬ԪĹˣұؾԪ
Ӿ͵תæ쳣Ժ˽⣬֮ȽԪָΪ
˵ͷղٶԣ˲롰֮
ǰİţͻȻҲӦյϢһ·һӻعء

Сڣžżգľ
ʱ̣һ𣬱˺һ˵ֻа쾳ʿʵ֡
һ㣬֮ǰײ׺ͺ
ǰļգ֮ﾳ磬ȴ˲˺һ֮״ܲľ
ҲǴһ𣬰Ųʶ˼յĲ

գգ
ϴŵĵͺͻȻ֮һ΢Ц׽㣬ô
ˣ鱦鱦չ֣ӦùȥֱضżգͻȻʵգָ
ŻָĳԪε
ĳɣ
žһЦҡͷ̾㻹ǹֲţԪȫľһûʮ£Իָֻһ㾹ȻѻָĳԪ治֪ô˵źˡ
̫¼Ȼ棡
аһ䣬ճվЦ߰ɰ׽㣬ܹ鱦鱦Ǿ鱦ģһʿǰüʶʶ
ȻһЦŵ˵ͷ᷿ϴһ
ϴϣŹˣ޹䣬Цӯӯغͼһ᷿߳泳ӵ鱦󣬻һ鱦ߵĴ¥鱦
ŽƷԪʯһ鱦
ڣǾʿΧһ̨ϷڷŸָ鱦ÿһ鱦ǰһ鱦ļʦϸ˵鱦ļֵą̃󷽣鱦΢Ц˽˵鱦ĳ
ϸֻǱĿӦһ£վͷֵչ鱦УŲԪ鱦ļʦȷǼ鱦ȷÿһĺöԶȵ󲿷鱦Ҫ
鱦鱦ҲΪˣǼټٵƷԪʯҪѵļ۸񣬹һ鱦Ȼǲܵ顣
˶֪鱦չֵ鱦ÿһ鱦ķ鱦ʦ۹ⶾǿ϶鱦ԲƷ֣Ȼ۸Ҳܵˡ
ȷǲ鱦ϧȴһҲ𡣡
תһȦεطʵһ׵͸ּϡϴɣҪǼܹӵҪʥȸͨܽȸɣ
ȻǸȴһǧƷԪʯɬļգǶȻܲġ
תһȦҲǰ࣬Ϊ鱦ǰıȡ
ôһ˵ԥһ£ȴȻֻҪǲٿƷԪʯ鱦㿴ˣҰ
ղһ죬˼˵ҾֻٿƷԪʯǹʱҸ׽ң鱦ѡһϲ鱦ġ۸Ҳû취ˡ
ЩжЦЦ׽ĺ⣬Сˣ鱦۸ʵ̫ˣ洦ˡ
εһȦڵԽԽ࣬ЩԪֲʿҲʼ֡
ЩһһЩʵõʿǱһξ룬ЩԵЩȺԡ
Ǹʿģʿ֮һ֮֮һǰ˴ʿڴͽĹ㣬תʿ֮ʮʱ䣬޵֮Ǵһĸˡ
ư꣬жٷ壬Ƕż̫ӣŶʮ꣬ʿżҲƴ֣̫ӣ»ȷ޵֮ڶżң岮һҪɫ£
ǸһµĹ󸾣Ҷӣ橣ҶҶҼĵڶӣҶӸλ֮ʵּеҶнĵλŮ˹û

ŽżգָŵһΪ
ף
յͺһָҶ橣橲һ˰̣԰
Ҷ屻׷ɱȣϰһȥôҶ֮ԶƴӣҲΪһ橵ƴȣһ͸橺ºҶ˸ϵȻǵ˰̣ȴԶ
ô꣬һֱ뷽跨Ҫѿ˰ȥȴʼûܵóԸ
׽㣬ұҲҪ鱦㶫һҽȥˣٽԪʯ㡣һϲɫæ
ǧϽܵĭƲûȫ꣬ڻʣ°ƿӴڣһá
ðȥң鱦ùһ¡ȻӦ



73 
ǧϽĭ۾ݹĭƷԪʯ۾˰ƷԪʯƷԪʯƷԪʯ
鱦ļʦһ󣬸һйоصĹۡ
ֽʮƷԪʯȻ󱻼ʦһΪƫƧĹ̨
ǧϽܵĭ۾ݰڷڹ̨ϣ鱦ǰһֽ棬鱦ļʦд˱ۣǧϽĭ۾Ʒá
ǧϽܻǱĭκΰ̺ۣ۾ˮڣˮԽⶾǿңݺ綾ֿԴһЩİ
յûϵǧϽϵ鱦ļʦ֮󣬾Ȼܹôߵļ۸
һһϹ̨Ͱվڹ̨棬鱦ļʦʿǧϽĭ۾Ʒá
̨˵ƫǣʿв٣Ͻܱϡ٣ǧĸǺʦһ˸һʿΧۡ
һװʿ߹֮ǧϽܵǸסˣûôԥȡٿƷԪʯ˼գǸˡ
һһɫʿҴҵظ˵һӳߺǧϽܵ۾ҪˣһǧƷԪʯˣ
ɫһϲæǧϽܵ۾ȡ˳Цеصݸˣ˫۾ڹˡ
лȡֻ۾˷ܣּҴҵ뿪ˡ
⣬̵ˣʿɫ࣬Ӧ඾ûбƳǧϽܵ۾Ƴ඾ŵ͡
Цŵ˵ͷûϵǧϽϵĶȻô㡣
СֵܣݸҰɡ
һ仰䣬һСͷͻȻȺ˳žһԪʯڹ̨Ϸ
ƷԪʯһ鲻鱦ļʦ򿪴ӵһ£Ȼ
㡣ȡЦŽݸͻȻֵСͷڶһ䣺СպãݺƤ⣬Ͳ̫ˡ
ٺ٣ģⷽұ㶮Ҫû綾һءСͷЦһݵ֣һץ˺о綾ǧϽܵݣͷߡ
ĭ۾ݣǧϽϵƷŸոհϹ̨ãһǧٿƷԪʯôĽӴ

ǧϽܵĭ
һһׯ˿дһ̣Խˣ˼ǰϲǧϽܵĭ
º󣬷ֶ棬鱦⳥һʧ鱦ļʦȻ
ЦЦҵûǼֻЩˣ֡
Ťͷ˼һۣæȡƷԪʯǧϽܵİƿĭҪˣ
ã
մ֣ǲУԵ鱦ǧϽϵȫ˳ȥ㹻ԪʯһͿΪƣǸˡ
ţ
һи߰ŮԶͻȻ
أأ
̨ǰһʵõʿȫײ˳ȥҶ˿ļٵظ˹
ЩҶײɳȥʿ׷״Ƿֶ߾Ȼ橴Ҷ֮ر죬ƺҶҵٶ˵ʲô
һǧƷԪʯСֵܣң
ӰŸո֣橱㽿һ߸һ˰ޱȡ

һ㶣ȳ۵Ĺңֿ˿ҴҸ橣Ȼѯ鱦ļʦӦô죿
۸ߵãʦɫ糣
˵ͷպٺٵЦֶ̯ԹұǸԲ𣬶ֻܸλˣ˼ҵļ۸񣬿ɸ߳һء
橼ճƺΪ㣬ƺ⣬Цͷ
ƳһۣһһǧٿƷԪʯ

ڿһϲżգƺðƿǧϽܵĭ˸߼ۣǳĲ˼顣
ڹҡ˵ΪƫƧһ飬ܵڶʿע⣬һԭڱĹ̨εʿ׷׾ۼ˼ߣһż̽ͷ²Ů˶
ӣ֪Ƕ˵ĸͽҲ֪ĽݼҲƴ֡ǧϽܵĭ־ڱصãüһٴαۣǧƷԪʯ
㣿һ޺޵صһۣ΢΢һЦȰ˵ܴ㣬㲱ǵ˰̣Ҷļֻ֤Ҫǵ˰ڣҶԶǵĺãҿ㲻ûбҪӦԶ
ҡҡͷ橲ΪҶŮˣӦһ˰̶һŮ˻жӰ졣Ǻǣ⣬Ҿǽ˰ȥҲһҵģ㲻˼ˡ
ôһ˵֪ٶȰ˵ûˣֻܹڼ۸涯ˡ
ǧƷԪʯٵļӼֱۣһȻת橡
ӣͬΪϱҶҡĽݼҲ˵ǲǣûмӼۣ橷Цغ͹һҳ
ǰҲʧ棬ǿһЦݡ
ţҶҡĽݼҲҶ¼ңݡλܹ࣬ҵĲȣҲ̫࣬ǰɣ
˵΢΢һЦһתͻȻҼλƴӣżʹʹӣһ֣Ҳ벻˵ʲôοҲ˰̣Ϊأ
Ц橶ɫЩ̫ÿĹңЦ˵λҪûǴĻӦûС檰ɣҺҲܹѹסС檣Ҫ᲻ֵλ²̨ҪŪĽݼ̫үǨŭ㣬ǾͲ̫ˡ
ǧƷԪʯɫһ䣬ͻȻȵ
һ˰죬޺޵صһۣûжһ̣Ȼ뿪

յͺһŮ֮Ľ棬ԭҲ
û˸ҺϽƿǧϽܵĭóС
Сֵܣлˡϲ̵ؽ£Ȼ΢΢һЦѹСһ㣬ЩСòȻҶԴǨŭϡ
šǧƷԪʯ֣쳣˷ܣڴһ䣬̨һŰ뿪



74 㵽
鱦תһȦʧط֮ǰеǸѱȥˣ̨糷ˡ
תƵڣҲûٷʲô鱦ʺϼƣ֮ǰεغͰŻص鱦ЪϢ᷿
ԭֻסһ鱦֪ǲǿڰŸ׵ϣִס鱦
رǧϽǧٿƷԪʯԪûȫָΨĻ죬鱦ЪϢ
ҹռָ֮ԪĬĬػ

ذ
ĽͻȻ᷿洫·鱦ķ
һҵشҲ֮𣬶
֨֨
Χ᷿һһ俪¸ʿ׷᷿߳濴
Ȼ֮͵վ𣬼˫ںڰоʵô£
Ѿǰİţüҡͷ֪أƺ鱦˭ô󵨣ʱ鱦£
ȥߵԣźһ˳ȥ
ףСֵܣҲס橴Ҷˣ᷿棬һۿ˼աˣ΢ЦŴк
ܴ㣬á
Цŵͷǰ̧ͷ鱦ķʵҹģ鱦Ǳ˴򶷣ܴ㣬磬֪ôһ£
ٷ桢Ƚ鱦ڼʱҲڸһüͷƺҲ֣˭˴󵨣
֪أ鱦Ӧûᴦ׵ɣ¼ƴˮƹ˻ʳǸפڸڣ¼Ӧû˸ʱ鱦ײǡ橺ܺϻһ˿ӦҹǧϽܵĭ˰ˡ
ڴʱȻֹһӰ鱦Ƕһɳ죬ҹһš

һ¼ҴҸΪ׵һǰŰšסߣߺûˣҶȥϢɣ鱦鱦չҲõʲô
Щɻ󣬲˶ûڣ鱦ǳ¼ңΪˣֻҪ˵İžˣЩ²Ӧöܡ
ʲô˴󵨰죬ʱ鱦£
ͻȻٷһոһ˴鱦˳ȥѵ¼ҾȻһ˶ܹ£ҪסǿڣȻס˳¼ңΪ¼Ҿһ
ٷ滰аæ˼ɳ¼ʵõأĿ֮˵ôһЩס
Ź̫ˣ鱦飬¼ԻᴦͶŹӷģ¼ҲӦһ䣬ȻЦűΧʿҾܷģ¼Ҿٰ鱦꣬أҲһ
Ȼŵù¼ңȻҲǧǰˡ΢΢һЦתҶ˵ǻȥɣ¼ԻὫ鴦׵
ôһ˵ǰʿ׷׵ͷһػغ᷿ٷȤһҲû˵ʲôͬ˻ȥ

һҹ¡
ڶ鱦ճУ鱦ӿ鱦ڣ¸ʿΪ˻ȡԼ鱦ղ˳鱦ߺȣǻȡԪʯָȡĳ鱦
ճֵջ࣬ա˾߶ЩСĽΪһСģпײĳʿ
ҹ飬û𣬷·ҹʲôû
εһȦոп鱦Ȼ鴫ֵ鱦ǰû˵ʯʯʯֻܹµİʿķѾ޴ܹġлȡ꽫ʯʯԽǿմ֪ҪķѶپˣ
»ˮչףˮϵϵʿҪܹʯʯ̺ʵܹһǰ֮ȻĶ鱦
ۣˮʯ˵żϧʯʯʿָֻȡľҪԪʯһ˿ᡣ
ɻ󣬾Ȼγɵڶ꣬ʿ˵һ꣬Ƕһϧֻ񾧣ٶԪʯöȻԪʯģ̾
СңΡؼһַؼ졢֮һ޳ɣٶȿ磬۲ϧֻֻ۾˵δУ۾ɲ˭ܹġҡͷ̾
µ鱦һ鱦Ŀ鱦ûһǻȡԪʯģ׷ױֻȡĳͬȼֵ鱦
ε˴죬ա棬ֵ̾鱦ϲʯûжľֻܹͽȻ̾޼ƿʩ
գ
һͺͻȻԴ
ѩ
üͷһ壬ĮųȺеѩ벻Ҳ鱦ˣ
ѩԣиܼģϸˣܸ̬Цݿ䣬ȴ֮ΪϸԲˣȴվѩԣСĵ̷š
һϮذ׳ȹȺУѩһðźѩޣ߰
Ҫսһѩһѹȵ
ѩԭ۷֮²ʱȻͻƵ֮
ԪΪԣֻǾһӦձѩı仯
죡ͺһһ죬û뵽㲻ȬȻٴͻˣ
ĸѩҲң
ʿʿѾͷòҪջûü⣬ŭҪ죬Ҳң
ôһ˵ѩɫ΢죬˼ţֻȻżգǺã㵽֮ս
ˣյͺһ⼸춼鱦Ϣ鱦ˣҺˣʱһ㵽ף
ҡ֮ĶԹ̫ѩɨʱ򣬳ִδ飬նûøУЩͱˣл𣬾ֱӦ
̶еĺȫۼһ˫ͫУʱգ֮ǰԵʿ־߳˫ԶԶһûаܹͫʤ˷ɫ࣬Բųٳδͫ
Ȼѩֻ߳һ磬ӦǽղŸոͻƣս֮ͫаճʤŽ֮ѩܣ
ã鱦㣡
ѩЦƺԸԶһ̣ⷬºϺǸܼģĸ̬ϸ뿪ˡ



75 ر
û鱦й䣬աˣھͻص˺᷿
Ϊ˺ѩһս׼ҹٴ֮ޣͼ콫Ԫָ۷塣
ҹȻ
ҹޣԪȫָһ˫ڻ谵ķԣ細˸ǳ֮⡣
һˮܹһСİţ᷿ƫƧĽ䣬Űţ˫תΪɫ
һһâͻȻ˳һˮ˲˱飡
꣡
ںأˮɱ͵ѣһ鱭μðŰããĺС
ף
һͻȻ˫ô£¶ôͽҶоЩˡ
תļգգôûڼˣ
һָˣ뿴ʲôʱգսƿֱŰţǿ˳ȥ
治֪ô˵źˣΪʲôҪӦѾͷһսأһݣĵ̾գ֪Ԫ񣬶ԪƿҲΪ֮ʿǾԸһҲη壡ǣѾͷʿһ磬Ԫֲİ
׽ģ֪ԼʲôЦЦսϣ֮ǰĵط£Ŀʱ仹磬׽㣬ǼϢɣ鱦Ҳȡرչʾʱһ֡
ôһ˵֪Ȱ˵ҲãֻЦصͷȴڼաѩսʱһֹһܹ£

ڶգ鱦С
鱦⣬ԸʿڿĵԼ鱦鱦ڣ鱦鱦Ȼڶʿפ㣬ʯʯɻ衢ңεȵ鱦δܻȡҪƷչš
ˣ컹һЩ鱦ʦļ֮󣬷׷ױڷڹ̨ϣڶʿΧۡ
죡
鱦ڶʿͻȻ׷Ϸ鱦ȥ
һ죬ζ鱦Ϸ鱦󣬼չֳ¼ղص鱦ǰ鱦ʿ඼Ƕ鱦չֵ鱦Ҳ֪أһֺ͵ڳ߻ּۻ۵һЩʿ⣬˶ֱ鱦ȥ
աҲ⣬ҲЩʿҴҵ̤¥ݣ鱦
λ鱦չ鱦ӭҾġ鱦㹻ԪʯͿԹˣȻҲ鱦ȡֻҪ鱦ļʦᶨΪͬȼ鱦л᲻һԪʯȡչ鱦
ͷӿӿ˻δ鱦󣬾һŮ渽ܡ
ò׼˽ȥ̧ͷһ鱦һԸߵչ̨չ̨ϣһͳòƵŮˣһɫĳȹ̬ǧؽչ̨鱦һһչʾˡ
гأ鱦Ķƹ񡣡ŵܡ
˵ͷûж˵ʲôֻǾ۾չ̨ϰڷŵ鱦
һ棬޽ʣʽӣһĳ콣ڽɢ״ƮƮ
һ乭ɫĴָϸ֧Сμʸϣֱ̻ա¡ͼһبźĵĹϢ乭ϵ
һȭͷСı飬ƺ˺ǿգǹ⻺ͷųĿĹʣһ˿˿ѼԪ뱦Уеǹҫۡ
콣ǰʿƵı콣̫Ƶ£޵֣ϧͻƾŹ֮ʱ߻ħ𣬵콣黹ڣκһշ飬ͽһ콣ʵ׾٣
ҫһʥɼڶ鱦ɱڶʿ֮ƶɣա¡֧С̺ա¡ǳҫֻ֮˲֪
Ԫ飬ܹۼԪκʿܹؾۼԪǻָԪٶȶܹӿǸڶʦΪԪ黹ãϧǳ¼δܷĸ;Ԫʯʮǰѣ̲ôһԪ飡
һڵڶʿ۷׷׵Уٴοڣ콣ҫ׼һǧ鼫ƷԪʯ۸ߵãȻͬȼ鱦Ǽ֮൱鱦ҲԽã
ǣԪȴԪʯֻµ鱦ǲſǽ
˻һˣʿੲݵ鱦չֵ鱦ƺôҲᷳ
콣ҫԪ飬¼ǲƴ֣ôص鱦ȻҲóչѹÿһ鱦ᣬܹʿ;һ죬
鱦Щչ鱦һ鱦Ͼۼ鱦±һеĻҪˣ¼ǵô鱦Ҳ»ᱻˣҲǰ࣬档
ʿۼڴˣ¼ˮƹƴ󣬼ˮƹҳ󣬿ɸҵ鱦ˣȴ޼ָһӸλҲ飬ԣɷĺˡŵ͵һЦüˡ

ڴʱ鱦ϿգȻǺؿЦӰչȴڰסȻͣ鱦ա
ͬʱЦЦ̶֮Ȼ͵һ֣һɽĿֲԪ򱬷Ƕأֱ·鱦



76 
أ
ڴˣһ춯صı֮鱦ܲס˿ֲȻ
ɳ¼Ҹܷչ̨˲ѣ鱦ͻȻͬʱ˳
鱦󣬸ʿ֣׷Ĵݣؽչ̨׵壬ĴѪֱӱ˳ȥ
أ
ҽ˷һʵõʿ޴ѹǱ飬
ʿӱܲҲˣѪֹ
ֻмһˣӦѸݣԶľ룬˺һŵƽ¡
աˣ⼫ߵС
鱦¡¡죬ڵʿٴ鱦鱦ʮɣһ׷˳ȥ
ץסŵֱۣ˲ʱ֮ΧԪȫӳԺ
鱦ݽĴ֮ǰŰţۼſ죬ѵǽڷ϶У͵Ծ˳ȥ
һĿĹâ鱦ڷݳͻȻûڼպ󱳡
Ǽ䣬ͻȻڶһȻʱƽȣϸץס׼ȷزһ鱦ɳʯͷϣֻǻһ͵سŹĹ㳡䡣
أ
ŵأջʹץŰżæĴӱܵȺ뾡Զ鱦Ƿ֮ء
Ȼһ鱦׻ˡ

УֳĸܹշеʿһչЦ·Ⱥ
ľм׷ɣʯ䡣
ֲԪĴǺӸ䴫һԶμʢʿ׷꣬ܶ˶
ޱ쳣ͻأȴ֮
һ˲䣬鱦鱦Ϊ档
׼ˣգϵĳ֣ϮͣϢڶʿ
󵨣
һҳǱֳһ˸ĳͻȻԾϳա
ĸʿƿڴţҲ׷·֣յͷųһʱ鱦ĿɫϳһĹâտ衣
ٷ桢橡ȵˣг¼ҸҲ׷׳֡
׻ȸʥ޵Ļһһֳ׻ˮ⡢ɣ죬£֮ҫ»䣬ľһһչ֡
ŸյĺӰ˵ҲܹΪΪûм·ʿըĹ
׼û뿪鱦ļգתһչסˣͻȻ㲻ǰǲȻۡ
ڴʱ
֮һӰһţŨŨĺڰǱ˳ڰͻȻȫס
Ǽ䣬֮ʧӰ˲תΪڰ
յһո𣬱ǺֵĺӰһץһ޴ޱȵĺڰƣ֣͵ؽס塣
꣡
飬Ѫ磬۷ףûأ͸ˡ
ʿ
´ĵ橡ٷ桢Ȼڳչʿɫͬʱһ䣬ͻȻȫͣеϹơ
ˮƹ¼ҡ
ҶңǶżңҲ̣ûΪ˳¼ңͰʿӲװ׶
ʿһЩڳ¼ҡֻǰμ鱦ʢĸʿûٸͷ񣬷׷ͣеĹƣҲΧһصˣӰɢ˿
һ֪ûԱҼκ˻ˮ뿪¼ңһԳֱʵϼ塢ɵ㹻ǿԹۡ
УĻǸӰ֮󣬴һ
ڿеľ޴ڰƣƣ͵Ϊ鱦ץһѣ콣ҫ鱦һץסͻȻɻա
Ѽʣ鱦ҵԪ飡Ӱһ
غ鱦أͻȻѿһ֣һһĺӰӵص˳Ŀ֮£Ϊ鱦УĴѼڷе鱦
صףһʿ
橾һһȻ
Χʿ࣬ȴؿЩӵصĺӰĴѰе鱦˵ҹȥ
ɭˣлʸҵλˣصѷУͻȻһ
죬ҲȥҵԪ飡պӰ
ȻеŸӰһæ棬ĴѰЩԭ鱦̨ڵɢ鱦

ӰͻȻ֣òƵߣһͬʱ
Ӱһѷ죬ɭֵܣŭΧǵڰĺӰ
¼ˣҲΪ壬һæ
ٷߺһһ鱦棬ЩѰ鱦ļӰһ
һΧ۵ʿȫӦˣֱһƬǽķɱȥһ۾Ź⣬ƴ
УЩ鱦չ鱦Щ鱦ڽԪʯչʿϧ鱦·ûܹʱӦˣһʼͱɵˡ
ɢڷе鱦ʱѳ֮˭ȵõ˭ģ
Χ۵ʿڶ࣬ʱһ¼˸ϵΪ֮һ񣬴Ű¼ҵţ׷ɱǰĺӰһЩ鱦
ҲȥյͺһȰŷӦֻ֮ѳһȺĶǡ

ʯʯ֣һӰĲֳ֮
ٷ˷ܣż˺ɱ˼Ӱ󣬼Ҵҵؾȥ鱦ʯ
һֻ֣ͻȻѵǽ˳һץסʯʯͷܡ
СӣҵģٷУ˵ļһĻɪɪ
ʯʯӴۼԼٷ涢ˣղҶͣһΣһ򶷵ʿ룬رܹԪİţʯˣߣ
һۼٷ׷˹æżת񱼡



77 ɱ
鱦󣬸ʿ鱦Ѫɱ¾
Ŀ꣬˺һ޴ķ϶صҵĽսУɭ¼ˣŭΧϮĺӰ֮Ŀۡ
ڳɭ¼˵Χ£ӰҲܹúڰգĿ֣֮ϰ˺ڰĵʿһʱӦˣ׷۾
ôʱա˼æ˳鱦汼ȥ
ٷһżˣƿڴ׷ᣬٷ֮޻ʯ˵ҪŶż֣ɱ˺üӰˣΪһʯ
ɱ˺üˣۼʯϾҪˣͻȻ䲻һգʯߣٷļֱҪѪȻҪһе׷
ٷƬϣпսڼ
һЩñĺӰˣΧ۵ʿ׷ۺĳǲҼصףǷϸ߿գĴݡ
Χʿԭα¶Ű¼ҵţҪôŵñĺӰ׷ɱҪôڷϻ֡
һжΪ鱦

صִǸ
кӰ˷׷ص׷϶޴ĺִӵص״صѿһ޴϶ʱȻ
ϣڳɭΧµǸӰˣǱӣɭں׷ᡣ
ƬϣҲһŵĺӰˣĸʿ˴˼ɱĲɿûٹܺӰ˲Ӱ˵ģںЩϱӷз鱦
ҵģҵģҵģ
ǿӲžҵĴ򶷣ӷдѪɺӣһ߾ʬ塣

աˣûе鱦ڶٷ׷³鱦
վס
ٷһȣ󲻶ϵشȣСӣʯԶ֧ñֱۣ㲻
񾭲
һҲ񱼡
ϣǼɹ֮ǰ֪ʵã˳鱦ĸʿ˳ɭֵĵּط鱦󿴸
ǻ֪˷鱦ڵĶᱦ£ļ٣Ҳȥһ
鱦ᵽ鱦ʿ׷ɱţͼաһҴҵ˳鱦֡
ǰ뿪ʿ鱦󼱸ϣǡЩ鱦ӳļһñ˱жٷ֮Ĵڴߺȡ
ˣ
鱦˳ߣҲط鱦˷ܵӭĵñߣس֣ϣЩñжᱦ
һʱ䣬鱦ĳּϣ͵ԪΧһߴķݶݻˡ
һţˮƽձͷܣûӱܡ
յġġСƷ̯λڽһεһ̯λķѣѩһ׷ɡ
աˣҲǵñˣһٷ治ϵصЩԭػ鱦ʿ˵Ŀꡣ
ӭһЦֻ֮꣬ΪҴҵ߸
ɫҴңȴաˣƺûǵĿꡣ
ռֻ֮ΪҲûн˿ɺͰڳַ㱼ܡ
ĿǰżһˣƺĿǼձǸ߻˵ʿ
Խա
ͻȻһֱûۿաŵʿ͵شӻͳһذףתݺݵشڼպϣ
һֱЦ꣬ͻȵСӣ鱦ң
ǣ
ذ׺ݺݵشڼձϣϣȴǴڼӲʯϣذ׾Ȼδܴ̽պС
꣬һȻֱһ̧ذ͵򼧳յĺס

һͻȻתִ׾ͺؿڡ
أ
ֱӷ˳ȥ߿Ѫأû졣
֮Ԫļ׾ؿڣĿܣ
ɱһˣղһ㲻˷ܣзԽɭ䣬Խ֪ĵնΪӽСģκ˿Լ
Ǹֻ֮ʱʼղԼĿģȴԽһǣͻȻ֣ҪǧϽһϽƤƳɵףոһذҲҪˣ
꣬꣬鱦
ӭֳʿָż˷ܵشСУǵӣԽյӣҴҵس˹
棬ҲʿΧŲòֵֵ
ľˮһһӳԺճǰ鱦ذף侲سȥ
Ԫעذ׵УСذʢ˿˿ˮĹ⻪ذ
һӣذ˳ȥӭһʿɫһ䣬æܡ
꣡
һƷ̯λһһΪꤹ˳ȥ
·ʿɫȻһ䣬ûϵǰذ׾Ȼ˷Ҵ߲ÿӲǸڳͻΧͨ
ǰĳϣ·ʿ࣬л֮ʿ󷽶ٷڣۿܿҲҪ׷ˡ
ڲǵñߣٷֱԽΧŵʿһٷ涼ûޱϲٹæ˶ٷ棬Ҳ׷
ǰǵ·󷽷蹷׷ᣬһЦӼתѰӦԵķߡ
۾µһתͻȻƿһ·ĵţһͷ˽ȥ
СӣˣٷЦ˽ȥ״ֱзɳżձӰƮȥ
ɫ··׷ȼ̺һ᷿ڣƽյľŴӤ۴
ۼ׽׷ᣬһ㽫𺣵УԾ᷿ļգӤ᷿ͻȻ͵ת
˫һɭ⣬Ϊɫͫ˳ֱ䵽˶ٷϡ
ٷɳӣͻȻһû壬˲ɱ
֮лĶٷ棬⧲֮⣬Ȼܹʱĺ˲˱
֮ͫȻ˿ֲ
ͣͣ
¶轵ھ˵ĺ֮£׶ʱϨɫ·ȼյ棬Ҳһһȥ
Ψֶٷӱѣֹ׷ɱֱһ˦׾͵ڶ˵Ķٷϡ
꣡꣡꣡
ٷ壬׾һ֮£ûһѪȴķѿ
һ񣬱شͺһ£ѣ
յˣûҪٷֻػһ£ܹʱӱѳ
֪âȻ˰Ե
Ȼٷ֫ȫļѪ⡢Ԫƺסˣٷ汾ӦԪļ壬һӱô쳣׾һܲˣֱķ˿

棬·棡
ڴʱ洫׷ߴСеĽѸٽӽ̡
ɫ΢䣬ΪһĶٷĲ֫ҲԥæӤ᷿
ӸԶԶһۣշְŻȺнѰԵû˾ޱ˵Ŀꡣ
ûдкڳµļʿ֮ǰԾ᷿һڸķϷɱ


78 ɾ
鱦ķ򣬴޴ĺɱ۵ĸʿԼˮƹʳǣΪ鱦κ˶ҳ֡
ţ٣פ鱦ڵˮǾӣӦѾʼάˡ
һϳ۳ңһвӳĵףܹһЩʿ϶רһЩ˼ϡٵĵطꡣ

ӭ洵̣۳ҵļգһڡ
һ壬ͻȻһ̤գͨһһµͥԺ롣
ٺ٣ˡ
һϤСӰԶһǽֳ鱦ڣٿƷԪʯȡǧϽܶǸͷ
ͷЦߵԣץ½ֱӽϽͥԺһ᷿ڣһԷ򸾿°ĭѾȥʱˡ
ϷţͷӰһڣһֻݻƵڼһյذףӴϵİָ׷
򿪽ӴδҩԪ鱦ϻȡǧƷԪʯһһѻڡ
ˣǷˣû뵽⿴һ㲻СӣȻôöҸ죡ͷ˷ܵغٺٵЦ档
Ƥƺʼ΢ʵ㣬˭Ҹʲô
ףһأͷû𻰣һɻżգצһĿ֣ϸϸڼһ飬ȵСӣأ
ʲôеĶȡˣӻججЩˡ
ٸװ⣡
ͷЦѹ鱦֮ǰչ̨һɳ鱦Ԫ䵽ˣСӣʱȻһţûм˻ҷĶֻһֱԪ飬
ߣʱ˶࣬ûҶ֣ۿ˶ٷʯʯȻӳ鱦һ·鱦˳ɲΪʯʯģ
˵㽫ԪʲôطˣǲǸѾͷУֻҪʵҿһСˣ
أ
ͷһȭڼؿڣҪԵļգ͵һָֻۣһЩ
Ԫ飿
ЩٶۣһżǵԼͰŴ鱦ӳʱ򣬱ƺһâУֶһƽȣٷ׷ᣬûʱ̽쳣ڸͷһ˵һˡ
˫һս֪־ۣԺ˼Բߡ
Сӣʶôʿ֮ڳˣɼ¾޶壬Ҫٲ˵һһ֪ʲôͷɫɭһ˫Ӷһڼתתȥ
Ƕ壬ˣ֪ˡ˵
˵һֱ·̣ͫɱٷսֻǷ˲Ϣ䣬²Ӧò֪ͫܣԳ̽
Ȼ巵ȷ֪һɻش򼧳գ۾˫ӡ
ͻȻһ˫ͫתΪɫ巾۾ע£һâȻ

âУֻǷȻֹһͶٷһᶳһ߱
ֱʱ򣬼վ֪־ʼ壬ϵ̽쳣
СһﱻѪסڻͷԪ
־֪һͻȻӿԪ˿һ㣬׷״Ƕð˳ַ׷ɢ絽˼յ֫ٺѪС
һز͵غͼվ־ֻһ𣬸ָĻԺи֡
Ѫأ壬ʹ
һ¥ɾһ¶ŮӣɫĺˮϷ
ֻ˼з֣ÿһζͬ
УĴһ˿ν̫¼ϵİ壬űģ͸ֻԿ

֪˶ãպȻһԺֻȻ޴档
͵վ֮ǰֻĸоҲûˣֻˬ޾ӻ
֪֮Ĵ죬ΧһԪۼֺӳԺ
ſ֣һԪݳԪϵرţسһζĳߣͻȻһ䣬һţһĺꡣ
Ԫ۷֮
һ֪־һ𣬳һܹоĺŲˮƣһ磬ţȴʵš
꣡
ֻܹ̬꣬Ժչ֣ҲֻһɣܹԪΪʵ
ϲûϵԼȻôγ꣬壬Ǽ䣬ڸ׷׿ӳļ䣬һޱĸоСԼڣÿһ䶼Ϥ쳣
ޱĸо
СϷԪ鱻ѪסɻȴϵͷԪմΪ죬ȴû̽Ԫ
ȴ֪˵ûʯеԪ飬ԲֻǾۼԪһ;
ףܹ֮ôۼγɣ϶Ԫһԭ
ûмԪ쳣պܿлعǰɱ巣ȻδȥصԪʯӴԪذסָݵƷһ١
һץסӴصԪʯԪһһӴУִ˰ָץذףҲûĶ֮󣬼ղ˶ɱ巡
һԪ쳣ԵܹظӦ΢ԪѳɣҲûסʱҲԺС
û
üͷһ壬侲巣ƺ˼ʲô
ɱǲɱ
Զͼı죬һ·ΪԪ飬;лŶ鱦нĥͼ
ôһˣ϶࣬޹յʬ壬֤ȷǸҪǣ˻֪Ԫϣ
ԥһ˫䣬ͫδɫҲŵ㺮
ذһӣһֻѵһͷ­˳Ӳڣڡ
ٷ֮ɱһΣȴɱˣ
ζ֣쳣侲ֹϣһ
һǣûжһۣת䰲᷿

¹ˮڴϣҹΧž
ոɱ˵ļգ̧ͷգſĴ죬Ϊģ˷
֪ǲΪѳɣĸӦǰ̫ܹ࣬ӦķΧҲ屶
һ߳䣬Ԫƺһ£֮ԪȻۡ
ѳɣԪ챦Ͼξ׾һ˫ܳʤͫĿǰ͡
ҵ׽˵յͺһһԾܣ鱦ȥ



79 Ѷ
ҹһӶˮǵפɫҴҶ
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վ鱦һֵڣһ׿Ľֵ˫ԣ鱦Ĵš
ԶԶȥ鱦߳ʿƺһ飬ÿһ߳鱦ʿ֣ɫЩ
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죬ԭǬ֮ףù壹ǰɽɱ̣Ѫɽѻˮƹʿɱ˳̣ҲѪɽʿɱѪɺӣ
ԨʧûãͻȻȥԨԨΧС塢ʿɣѪϴż̫ҲˣҪǱԪڵ˴ȣż类ˡ
ԨһЩ塢ɣһΨԪհЩ塢ɱѪϴ֪ʬ޴棬Ԫڴŭڼͬ׷ɱ졣
׺ޱȣɱ˹ԪڲˣӲͻΧ֮˵첻֪ǷǬûѳǬڡԪںͶżˣѰټ콻ֶΣûռʲôˣʮǰͻȻʧҲû֪ټ
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ſڣƺʲôҪ˵·ʲôûпڡ

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졢żҵ飬мΪ𺳣ûϵż־ӵԨȻǼأҲûϵżҺĸʧйأ֮ǰɱ˶ٷ棬лһֱЩΣϾԼȡõʯʯǴӶٷм˵ıˡ
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μˮƹطׯ԰μլڸǡ
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ͷӥ˴ˣƤëںڣצ乳ǹС۾׺ݵصżգƺ˿ĵˡ
ϣϰ
С˷ܵߺȣҨ˰Ѫ⣬˳ȥܲ󱳴մ˺ܶѪȵѪ
ͷӥŵѪζһӷֱ˹ȥ



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㲻׼֣Υ氡
Сһ֣Ա߽شСУСȭͷա
ƿӥ׼˺ǣҲܹǣҲЩ˷ܣȴû̫ߺһ
࣡
һͻȻһǣ˹ķӥͷӥɹ֮ǰ͵س֣׼ȷޱȵץסһͷӥ乳צһקͷӥӰ䵽ǰ
˹ͷӥͻȻȫײڱץסצĵһͷӥϣͷӥײһ𣬵͵С
Ͷ̶սḻӦͷӥ˵ûһѶȣɱܹͷӥΧʱʱץһ£˦һѣͷӥŪͷͣûɿա
һôȺӻͷӥôľˣСɺһȻ
λС㣬ӥѾԷҳ˰ɣУУ΢Ц
ˣµ˵ͷӷżճֹӶ̶ļһȻһͷӥ˵ȷ̫ˡͷһһᰲţİɣ֮ǰίǣǽϢ֪ͨˣ㲻صʲô
˭ίǵģδΪ֮ǰƭĻԹޣһίϢǰңһϲæʵ
ܡһЦЦҡͷȤЦ˵˭ô㡣
գСһ㣬֪˭Ϣ·֪ܶᾭȥڸǾв׷Ѱ㡣ԸıһòҪ㲻Ļҿ԰ŶⷽҿǺóġԱߵĶС顣
ѽҲ֪ҵݣ
ˣרŸ鱨Ļ½˵ǴӶ̶ģ⻹𣿡Сһ䣬˷ܵ˵ҰݰɣĺֻҪӦٸһʱ֪Ϣ
Уһ£ʵ
СæͷȼշӦ˳ץżգһطӽȡһƿƿ޹ޣɷ˵ؾڼͿĨ
СɺЦݹŹ֣Ҳ²š
ɫͿͿĨȥЩطģҲЩطģһСɺ̲סڿڡʧЦСһؼͿϣרע
һСһͷˣ㿴ɣգȡһͭڼǰ
һ̥ӡƤݻɫªӣͭСӡ̥ͣӡһһձߣԵޱѿм
ܲСȷһ֣СɺǿŴЦĳ嶯һ˵
Ժôղٿˣæʵ
һƿҩˮϡһˮУϴɾͿˡС֣ӣٷϢѣϵģȻɽ˾׵ĺҳʱڻس;СУʧٶ꣬մڳˣǰܶĳңĥ׼Ը
мΪ𾪣ûϵ뾻ܴӹн׺ҳҪûϵȻ
ллϢҲллˡձȭֶԶ˵Ǳߣ˵˼лһר̹л
Сĵ㣬Ҫ˲أΪ֮󣬾һʧˡ̬ȱ֮ǰѺ˲٣ƽΪֹͨͨҪı䣬ҪȻһЩĽɫ׿ǲ׹ݡ
л˻֣뿪˶μȤСѾͷҲ뿪˶θ

պ󣬼ճڸĵ·ϣҹ£ڵУԸԳʮ׺ϡ
֪ǲһεľȻȻ˵ֿһΣȻɱ׺ĻʹȴûǱֱӱſڵϲܹ
Ҳûлʹȥϥŵأ׵ظܵһ䵽Ȼǿҵıܡ
ÿʱ׳һ˱ЩҵȻ׳֮Сһ׳ϻӽ׳еԪУ׳еĹ켣һ˿˿Ԫٲһ
֪Ƿ׳һЩȻЩʹȴûлʣһ£ԺֻǾҵƮһ޵ҡҷš
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ͻȻ䣬뵽˽ӴлʣµһЩԪΪ̶زԪ̲ãʤ˵˺Ԫ䱦úԪ׳ꡣ
Ҫ۰ڴЩԪѾùˣʡʱʹá
ϵĴʹһ֦ҶïʢĴ֦
ȡһԪīԪʯϸ̺ܵЩ翣ǿһտյһֲ׽ĸо
һհ̫¼йܺԪе
Ƶ޼ʣƺ
̫¼һ֣ǡڡڣԪڣؼ໥ڣ·ûʲôǲںһġ
ƮƮһ˲·һԪγϵͻȻһ˿˿ѼϸߣӺԪѭĳµĹ켣ڱǡ䡢۾Ժ굱С
ǳһССˮ̶ЩӺԪϸߣϸػˮ̶Уˮ̶ϵ׳
ԺԪеͨ۾ʱһƱ˫ͫ˫ͫУڵ˫ɫ
ͣҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͫٴλָ˺ɫͷеĺԪǿ鱾īɫĺԪ˻ҰɫҲûһ˿һ
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ԪȻǺöѹ˶Ȼܹ׳꣬аԸ̾
֪죬֪Ӧļޡ
ͻȻһ˿ĲԶһѪĸо
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ͺһɻԶĸо԰ָڹĸоԼһ֣ǳ
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ǰʯУһֵ긾ˣһִ޹ǣ֡ɫݻƣŻ̵ѣཱུģŴ죬Ĳˡ
𶯣ٶٶ
Ǹϲ޹ϣԴСӹһѪͿʼǲҲˣ㻹Ҳʵһţһ߻ĴǸ޹ǡ
Զһʯ棬տЦõǸ긾ŮϤȻϵöԷ⡣
뾻뿪֮ǰ˵ò߳ҵļգʶĶˣҲ³δֵ⣬Ӧõȷıò
ǰ̬ӷ׵Ǹ긾ˣ֣޹ǡϤһ̬޹Уĸо
˸ò⣬ץ޹ǣоõ޹Ǿҵͼƿأ鱾޹ǣѾԽԽʹˡ
أأ
޹򼧳Ǳߡ
ʲôˣ
ͻȻɤӼһһɣǸ޹͵ط˳ȥֱʯ󷽵ļա
̺˼Ѫ޹ǣûй˷ܵתתȥʮֻѪڹ档
ûõĶˣ
ŭظ˹˵־ͳżմһŻһҵĺףһɫĴϮ
⣡Ǽգ
ʥȸ֮ǰͻȻߺһ
һæҵȸ󣬴Сֵضżһ۾Ц˵˭׵ݣͦˮ׼û뵽㻹ȥҵˣ
ң
ѽ㿴ĺ£ָָ˷ܷǸ޹ǣյ͵سһ£һѽ޹ڵأ޵գѪô£ΪʲôԴӵѪ֮󣬻ôԾһԽԽˣȻҲҵĻˣ
ңΪ޹ǣտЦá
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һץ޹ǣϴſһ㶣֪죬Ȼ֮ǰӦĸʿ߾ۼ
㣡㣡ʿԶԶС
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һòһӵŮˣһߣ˶֮һɫŮȻÿȴģࡣ
㣬λǣһӵŮ˺һһ޹ǵļգЦʵ
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ȻΪָ˵⣬Լһģ̲סҪЦ
һֳª긾Ůһ̥ǣòĺӣ⻹Ȥϡ
ԭǳ簡Ů˵Ц
㣬Сӻû֣ǿȸһƱֲ̫ڴҲˣ˵ҪҪһĺӣ顣
ôһ˵ⲻ˼һۣЩԥƺʲôƻʵƺһЩȻ֪ձʵڣЩ󲻶
ߣȥ˷ɽһ˺ģͻȻ¶⡣
˼Ī֮⣬˶˷һĥƺ޲ɱ˷ɽȥ
˷Īˣһӣ˷ɽȥ⡢ں󷽡

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㣬ǼһżЩٱ˵ϣεɢ˲٣ҷû£ͺˡ
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ҲץҵģŹ֣յո˵Сӣң
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ʯ洫һЩΪʿǱʯص£ƺĬĬȺĳ˵ĵ
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磬϶Ūˣʱûһ쳣һ򣬶ԷôͲ֮аɣǸһʿҲЩãͳ
ŶǲžͲźˣֻܼǰߡʼ磬յȻص׹ˣһʿʿʿʿУһʯ֮ʿʥ乵ͨ
˵ôɷ£ɻ󣬰Űɡ
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һߵģŮüͷһ壬˸
¹һߵģҪҪ֣ǲǵĶ֣һӣǣ̰ϣûҪϣ
ȻеġЦһȻ˿Ľݺץ˼һѣקקԶһ㣬ܵˣٳˣӦġ
ǺãǶ֣ǰӺٺٵЦһűļգȻڣǻȳԶǣ
С£ҪԶ֣Ǽ㶨ˡһмߵԣǰ˿һȻһ˺ٺٹЦţ㳯ʯǰʮɵĳȥ
ûа˵Цҡҡͷŵظȥ



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ĸʿһʯ֣ɫ糣ʲô鶼ûз˵˵ЦЦʯȥ
ǰ棬˸棬һСξ롣ʯǰһɫأʲô쳣˼ľԽԽ
˼̸ۣЦƺһҲûз쳣
ͻȻ̸ЦеˣϵЦȻͬʱϳĶ̽ڴ̶ƿУ˱ȫǿɫء
˱ʽڵʯ֮䣬ͻȻɫС
ͬʱͻȻɢһٳǱߣ𡢺׶͵رȻǿ
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һֱСղϢ͵˿ˣͻȻϮûϵԼ¶˼յ£˸⧲͵Ϯˣ
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þûе֣ȴѽ˶ļ˸ɵæߺ
ӵŮˣһֻӣԺٺЦһΧ֮ǰı»صУĸһǸŰɫߵˡ
ŰɫߵˣһҲΧ֪ƲûγɺΧӲлӵı׶ײϣӻæܵлԴ˳ȥ
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ʯµļգس֣׾йǿһױȻıȻ䵽ɫ߳ȥĺϡ
׾׺ױױʽûĻԪķʽԽ׾ͷų⼸壬׳̺Ȼ
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ŮһԹŮɱԶĵĹŮ
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ָָûһ˿϶Ĵأ鵭Ȼӵصˣû취һӦ˲ˣûµʱ䣬ºѻָ
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ҵҵڣ˷ɽ֮Уǽаա󣬰Ȼ
ͼߵ˷׷׵ͷ򼧳յĿǾ⣬ЩУû֣֮ԽòˣԽΪͬ·ˡ
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ȻŸոսʯеԪյİţƺεһ˿Ϊ΢Ĳ
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СţͣͣԪҪ׻ˣײ׺С
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Ӧһʿ޵ʿһˣ֮Ҳһʧʿǰ졢֮һȺʥ乵ͨˮμû꣬ҲǼΪõģ
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ͻȻһֱļգǰһ
СкһǰƽһСкʼձһ̶ͷųľ룬Скѡ
Ск״γֻɫ֪Ԫ̫󣬻з˾⣬ɫԷף£ϵĴڹȦʼһ



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¡ŮȻӦѪ߷˵ľȾʱǰŮתȼݡ
Ѫһֱ˫ͷ߸ѶԸޣȻͽСȴɡ
ǲ޶ܹʿһԪѪ߹꣬ſھܹǶѪѪâѪâǿĴ͸ڶ̶ʱ򣬼վͼѪ׾ٵѪâһŹ͸
СкѪȻ綾̶ǼҲӦģһϴķѪϤһӿתתͻȻ˼

ȵǱСкѹȻһɣ˷Ѫߵĵ̽һ״Скϵزסˡ
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Сذһ׾ξһʹȫһû֡ԪͫķȻûڵԪȴ˾޴ѹ
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ֻһʿһʿһսֻ֮ǾƣߣԷˣֱ漣ˡ
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ججտյߣһȴ׹ˡ֮ȴȴһУľػⲽһͻȻѣʶԼǻɽҰ·æſ̽Χһ쳣
ǵ߾ǧﶼɽɽ󴨡ξǣܹǸСк֮󣬼һֱȥ
սӲӵ̫֮ҫأؽ롣
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ɫԱ䣬ΪСкԸưոݣһ·׷˹üͷһ壬չͼĹ΢λѰ

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Ĺ΢ȷڣȻȴǴڶߣ֪˶
ҡҷԵĸӦڶĸĹ΢ĹɲȻֻͬһԪ̬û̫Եʶ
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ĹɵԪһԪ飬ɫǾ죬̽ԪĲֻܹСĸĹɵԪû壬ۼԪĸо
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ÿһʿ壬һϵش塢߾ǲϵؿǿ󡢾ļͻ󣬾ܹۼԪһʿܹӵҲԽ
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ʿؾʵԪصһ̣һʢԪڴбǿܹɸԪܹõԪԽࡣ
ȻʿҲԽǿˡ
ࡢ졢סĹɵԪûԪڣԪɢࡢ䡢סɫ͵⣬һԪԪɢ֫ٺԺ
ܹԪ˻ָڼ֮⣬һֿܡͻˣ
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֪죬ԶĹ΢ĸӦ½ǿ
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֮ͻƵ֮ˣֻŻٴη䣬
Ĺ΢ǣʥ޵Ϣ
ܹ֮ܵʥ޵Ϣʥ޹ͨԽáӵһʥ޵ࡢס졢ĹĵԪרʥ޵Ԫɫ̬
Īģ۷֮ͻƵ֮



92 һ
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һֺͻսȻͬƣζҷľˮϪȪɽɢһ㣬˰ݣ
ȹˡաҾƣٺϪȪһζ̳ϪȪ븹У΢΢ۣһĿо
֮ͻȻﵽˣ˳Щ˼顣
һʿһ֮ҪһҪѡ񡪡ѡǸʥҪͨ
ϵһʿδķչһ֮ѡ޵ʥޣȵ֮ҲҪѡӦ̶ֻܹ֮ȵķӳ
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Ů׼ôһʣҲ¶עɫżա
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ҪǰٿƷԪʯ㹻üȻĶڼҵʱһƷԪʯû
ңҲֻм˵ȼˣſԽƷԪʯ
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㱾˵ȥ˷ɽһƱ֪;ͻȻˣ磬ûʹһ𰡣һӵŮˣЦ˵ûִ֣˲ȥ˷ɽֻüЩСˣɣȻˡ
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Ÿո׼ΣһѪ˳ɫ԰׵ǰļաԭһģ׼ξˡ
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93 Сɽ
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׼ΡˣǡɳĸĿ꣬Ҳ׼ΪʲôԸٿƷԪʯ򼧳Ѱԭˡ
׼αͼ߻УѪ˫Ⱦ죬ɫ԰ף
׼Σתļգ֮ǰβͬУǾ֣
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лӣٷһ㣬Ū椸档ͼߺٺһЦ׼Ρȥ
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С椱ҵĿ꣬;µˣǼˡüͷһõ
˻һͼһ㵣㶵żա
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Ȼ䣬һޱȾ޴˱Ԫͷų˱ǳԵȴʵ
̵ҽõͨʯееŨԪ˱Ӱ졣
ȻǸл껯Ϊľ޴ӰȴǷǳ־壬ҪسԶĹǼƮȥҪԶ뼧Ƶġ
մˣС۾ȴظоõһɶԻ˻ɵ˱ȷȷʵʵڵԪ顣
ոջΪΪĻӰʱţһеҪԪ˱ȻôŬܹԪ˱һ㱻Ԫ˹ջΪһƵĻӰûԪС
޴ĻӰһʧԪ飬ҽ̶͵ذԻ˹ǼҲͬʱȻ޴档
ûиоκ쳣Ԫ黹СѪ֮Уͷųһ˿˿Ƥⷢ⣬ʹҽ̶вֺ
֮ûˣȻҲûϣԥһһǼܴȡСذ׽һǼܴӹǽڷֶΣǼܶӴУһ˫׵ӣ֮һƿװá



95 ʯ
֮Ԫ飬һŹ˽Ӵڵҽ̶һƽҲû쳣
ϲ챦Ȼˣôȥأ
Ǵӻɽڵҽ̶ģ;ںڵʲôҲûŵ㣬ҽ̶ףܹϻɽڣǸ⡣
Ԫͷųλסյ壬þ¹̵ҽ塣
˼һ£ķذ״ұϣһϻɽڡ
뵽ߵ̶һұڴһԾҽʱذ͵һݺݵشպұϡ
ҽ̶ΧʯڷǳӲеСذǰʿʹõıƥͨұɱСذ״̳һǳС
ذ׿·ַķһϷȥ;ڵشȡһػ˵ĺĹͷڵشʢһ·˳ϣֱӳ˻ɽڡ
ͷqqĶѨ£ҪǽԪͻȻ״ҽ̶ֻ·һҲʿܹӦɽ׵쳣ûжܹһˡ
һҽ̶ףƶ̸ˣҽյͷˡ
˻˵һŹǣԪֽ˵˱ȥˣ־뿪С򣬲ؼʯȥ
·;УնԪ˺ģܹ֮յԪйŹ֣ϧɲ֪ӦúԪ顣
;֪̽Ԫ飬Ȼ֪һԪ飬ͷͣ겨ңò˿
ԪƺŲ谭һ֪룬ͻܹͻǲ谭Ԫ棬˼Σûһ㷢֣òʱ
ֻǿһ̶ȣܹлͻǲ谭ɣһʧ֮εصóôһֻۣܾ㹻ǿˣ֪ܹǧٸһ̽ˣܹԪĲ谭
Ԫʱܹ˽⣬ƺҲûиãҲٶ룬ֻ˼ԼӦúʥ֮еһλҪͨ
֮ǰ׾ξһֱʥ֮ǻò׾ʥ֮ˣȴСɽײõ˻˵һݹǡ
˻˵һݹǣʥȸ֮лڻ˻Ļǣܹչ٣û˵Ĺͷܸһֹͷ
żȻõĻ˹Ǽܣʼԥˣ˵ĹǼܰǰǰ̿һӿĴѸͨ⿨
Ҫר޷֮֮ǰ׾оξͲܹ鷢ӳˡ
ѡвϵ̾Ϣģȴ󲻶⡣
ʥޣʥ޵ܹܲһأȻͬʥ޵᲻໥ų⣬᲻ʲôأ⣬Ҫʥһܹܲÿһʥ޵ӵأ
һ⣬ϵԺ֣˼룬ļ١
һ죬˺ʯǣʯŵķ̲Ȳܡ
ˮƹã궼ûսֺԶԲõĻ֡
ЩûĺʯǵĽķˮƹʲôͬüͷĬںʯǿĽֵߡ

һųǰùݶ¥ڴһݺݵĺ
ùݾںʯǳǰԶ¥һӴˣһҹ׼ΣЩѪ˿ͷɢңǳá
ڵᣬ˫ʲôôһУվæ嵽׼ǰյǰһ㣬ȵˣû뵽Ǻ档
׼ͷߺߵһǮ˴ˣǰһû˼ǣôҪǽˣЩ˲֪ܲġ򲻸˰ҵȵˣҵҪ˺ʯǣܹܲΪΪ
㣬˰ɣûĶǲǼˣʲô鶼ûзҪ˵أΪʲôҪ鷳ɣü΢׵˵
Ѿͷƨ׼Щŭ޺Ȼ˺Ǽһģʲôöߣ϶Ҫǵģ֮ûж֣һΪ˱ԭҪôǸСк׷ɱҪôʲô鵢ˣߣǻԵʱһ¶ᱡһ飡Сᣬ˵׷Ź
ôһ˵ἤش˸һ뵽ԵʱǸģªޱȵЦȥͻ䣬ľ𣬱˵ˣ㣬˵ȥŶ䣬ᾪŴе
֪˰ɣ֪˰ɣ׼һޣԶԶŸոսǵļգСᣬȥ֪ͨҶˣҶߣ˺ʯǣ㵹ù
׼ôһ˵ˣ˼Ҵҵسùݣһȥ¼Ұȱһĸżա

ѡŪЩͷʹļգԵ״ûһϾǺʯǣҲΪʲô飬ûע⵽ԶԶһ׼Ρ
ɫߵʯǱߵļգһùסϴ֮ڴϼ˼
һ֪᲻ΣգԺʥͨɣ˼ôãھʱʥͨԺٳԿܹܲʥ䡢ȸϵ
泯ҵľƽսſʼŸܶʥ
ľһز곹׷ͻȻĸܵԶĸֱŶĲɲ޳ȥҪͶʼͨ
أ΢ĲƺĴĸӦʧˡ
Уʥ΢ĸӦǿʧʱʥı΢ʼռҪĲ֣ԽԽǿˡ
Ǽ䣬֮ƺֻʣʥϢ΢Ϣú޼ʣһޱ޼ʵϢ֮ʥʶεʥʶԼ֮С
ʥʶУؿźһһ׳Ȼʼ̺ԪЩԪ׳иı仯Ϊ֮
ڲ֪֮У忪ʼ΢ı仯ԪƤƤԪ֮ȻԳɫ
Ǹ˹֣һ㺦ãùһֽǣ׼ҧ޺޵˵
׼Сİɣ׼ҺҶã˸ҶǲҶԻõӦеĽѵһ꣬һȻ



96 Ҷ
Ҷ죬ʮ꣬Ҷҳ֮
üͷЩõغһξ룬ҶҶѣΪ˰ԷȻǳӣǾȴҶҡҶˣԳֳݣһ衣
ǡںʯǣֻܹҶ˰æ˾Ը̫õҶ򽻵
Ҷһۼᣬ۷⣬̬ͻȻ£˲òоġ
Сᣬã׼ҵ飬Ҷҵ顣ģȻҵң˭Ҷ㽫ҶǺЦƺûпãǰһ῿ĸһЩ
ү׼ˡܸùһȻֳȻ
ܺáҶ΢΢ͷŵСΣСᣬҽȥɣںʯǣû˭ҲҶӡ
׼Ρüͷһۣ˱˴˵ΣùǸԼ裬׼кһץסᣬߣСᣬȱ˳˵ȱ˳뿪ʯǾˡ
ɵص˵ͷ׼һ𣬸ǰҶùݡ
үסڶ߾źŷΧȫˣүСһ㣬ǧСȫ˰ϰЦݺΣ֪ҶжһСùȻǵﲻġ
İɣҶ£Ȼзִ硣ҶͷһЩͷ
ܸƣҵҪʲôˣȻҶСᶯ֣Ҷ
ǣүܸƹӣ

ùУ泯ԼʥʶļգͻȻΧ𼸹ɵԪ
ȻתɢӦԼΧˡ
أ
űȻײˣľķѣһĵӰ͵س䵱С
ɫһɳյͺȵ
벻ɣںʯǵôãڹ򲻸ˣסˣ׼һȻɱڵ
ԵᣬҲȻһģ
ŭЦպȻվеλҾһΣɽְǴоȳǲмȻģ֪ôҼģټ
ټʵˣ˸һģԼʲô׼ɭ
ʲôղȻŭָ׼ε㵹˵˵ʲôô֪
Ϊ˽˴ͼоȳϧðգһ·˴վǲмڷͷ˹Ȼ
ٷϻԼ֪׼ɫޱѿȻܹҶ졢ܸǰ˵ɼճǻԵʱᱡǡ
˭ҺСᡢСιȥǾҶҵĵˡҶһưǰһСΡС˺ǽûȥ֮йޡ
үūɣܸæ
أҶ˰֣ʾܸȥɫȻһ¶ͻȻ½ХҶӰһһƬƬҶСѩдž˵纮͵Ʈǰļա
֮Ҷʥ֮ʥ䣬ݺѩ֮
ҶʿؼҶ䡱ʲôΪҶ̬ҶǵϮûκι켣ԣƺһӽǰκܹӵĽ䶼ʵˡ
Ҷ䡱ؼֻҶҵϵҶ䡱һҶƮ޴ѣձԸԪ̬ҶǣʿУҶ䡱ؼġ
Ҷ䡱һ׼Ρ˶Щ죬ûϵз֮Ҷ죬ȻҲܹʹҶ䡱ҿǷҶûй켣ƣƺҲƮ١
ܸ۾һ㲻Ҵ⣬˫ضżգʱš
ҶÿһƬҶѩಣХҶƮĸӹĪ⣬Ҷеļգüͷһء

ؿڳŵԲĹĵģɫҲǵͨ죬ʱᱬըƵġ

һ춯صĺ͵شӼտк׺䣬޴ͻȻ˷
һƬƬķҶ׺ľ׺֮£ͻȻ׷ױ飬ҲûһƬܹա
ƾһըףڷͻȻը׺һܲסҪ
Ҷ죬ɫ΢΢һ䣬æȵСΣСᣬ˳ȥ
ڴʱһ׺𺿳ļգһŭɫͳ׼ΡŮʶôŮˣܵӦеĽѵ

̧һ䣬ˮյɣһؾ˳Ҷ졣
ҶһһͻȻǱһ꣬ĺǰХӲǽһε
ûкҶڶϣƹҶ죬͵س׼ΡŮײȥ
СӶܸͻȻһȣһţذѣһѰľֱżȥ

ڶκһѰľײһľľмĴɢڶ֮ҲȻ޴ˡ
ûȵ֮ۼɫһ͵úײѵǽڣҶ졢ܸ˳ȥ
ܸ֮ΪҶ졢׼Ρᶼ죬ù滹мҶΧţĻƾ֮ͫǲܸƣͫϾķҶҪ;֣ûһܹȡʤ
һùݣΧǽǴǱһͻȻ䲻һϸֱĴ
ֱߵ˵ļգһŤһ£ޱȵıܹһϸ͵ϮͻȻתԾһôһԶȥ
δһȭױЯž׺ֱһǽ߽ǡ
Ȼˣ
Ӱǽ֮ǰ˳ǱôãȼտʱͻȻϮȴûϵջͻȻ֣ǰһ˱Ƴ
һӣվû˹˼ɣһ·ǰתۼûټ

ΪʲôûҶ׼ΡᡢܸƼˣǽҶɫ
үûȳֹǡû취Ǹû͵ϮĻᣬ֪ǶǸǲòˡһҳҶˣε
ôãһôûСҶ챩ŭ
ˣ´Χסûôˡ׼һţյôһ֣Ȼôɵˣô
үƺ֪ˡע⿴һ£ײǽڳȥ֮󣬷·֪ǵһвãȱܹС͵ϮһȳֽǱƳÿһϵȻȡܸüͷ
֪ͨȥúʯЩɸˣֻҪںʯǣҵߣҶܸƵĻûӣԸ
ȻǲҶҡҶΰ̾Ϣһܸƹ֪ˣү



97 ѵ
Ҷ˵׷ԽԽ׼Ρã˲֪ͼȻģںʯҶ˶Ը֮ûôʶôˡ
û߿̫Զһ¥ңңԶСڵ㣬׼Ρһѵ
ҶǸܸǸ֣Ӧ֮ΪܸǱߣðȻֻ֣ǶڰĬĬؿǣѰֵĻᡣ
ԽԽ̫¼Ϊܸ֮ΪյֻΪӦòܸƵĴڣȻſȴܹӦܸƵϢܸһλ֣֪Ĳλá
ּ̫¼֪̽䷽Ŷ֮Ҫȱʿؾơ
ҶԸܸһܸ֮ƹ뿪Ҷ׼ΡỹмҶҵˣһصҶںʯǵһׯ԰
ҶҼҴҵ󣬺ʯҶҵΧһҶׯ԰ҶҸֶһׯ԰հй۲һ֪Ҷׯ԰ڣܶ׼Ρ
һҹ
ڶһ磬ҶżҶ뿪Ҷׯ԰ƺȥѰټȥˡ׼ΡãҶׯ԰ûгӦڵȺҶϢ
ղҶׯ԰һŴ棬ԶԶҶׯ԰Ҷ뿪֮ǲðȻҶׯ԰ϺǶĬĬȺŻᡣ
׼ΡãƺǶɵģʱлҶͬĺ⣬һͬ߳Ҷң˺ʯֵĳй䣬һ·׼ɫÿһֱ£Сţϵؿο
ôҲ󲻵յ죬ȻҶׯ԰һҹںʯڼרųۻ˿ʳȹεһ˺ü·ƺͨйеŭ
ɫʱ׼λĹĵأһ𷵻Ҷׯ԰
ʱ䲻ˣ·ϡϡ׼ΡߵһΪƫƧӿڣ׼ȻļһûõҶ죬ˡ
㣬㶼һ죬۲۰Դü׼ε˵ûжôȥ͹ȥˣˣαű𡣡
Уòŵһ߳ţǳռˡҪǲܹѵѵؼ֮ҷҪɣߣô󣬾Ȼɫᱡǣʲ
㣬ҪһӢᱡ㣬ǲǾͲôǺˣ
׼һ޺޵صһۣЦõѽѽҪҶҡҶôң˵ҾͼˡѾͷ֪ԴһҶ׼֮Ͷ˼Һ⣬һźһҪǲǾٿҶΣ
аСߵͨ죬æƱ硣
СѾͷģ׼һ㣬ȻһԼᱡɫֲȻСᣬһҪԸǼһ˵ȥ˵Ҷλ᲻ϲ㣿
ˣץס׼ֱۣǰ㣬Ҫǵ˵Ǹô죿ҪҶ֪ұ۸϶ῴҵģ㣬Ǹô죿
İɣˣ׼۾ͷͲҽˡ

ˮͻȻǰӿڴһκȻϮ
Сɫһ䣬׼ξ
ԻˣУҲͳ˦ӰһɫӰһֳۼֱǰγȥ
׼ζ̽һ̽պӲӵĽâһ֡
һС׼Ρ˺֮ȫȥˣ˲иڵһ֮ʧ֮һγ֣ǰȥ
ҹǼùУ˼յľξǰؾ֮ѾΪˣһξҪܸƳ֣˷Ҫ˲ɡºܸ˵εǳһʿҪסЩ֣ԺǧСġ
ǰǸûжܵĵطֻܹҧš
ڶؾСõĺֵ£ҲأֻǼ䣬ظҵľˣЯž޴ٲ֮ˮкһ㣬͵س˺
׼ΡٴУʹȫϣܹסһεϯ
䣡
׼Ρɫ԰ףҵľ˱ȵĲϺˣһؾǵԶԶǰأȻͬΪ֮Ԫ̶ȴԶԶգ˵ǵѡ
һһȰӰͻȻֳ
¡¡
ըǱαƵ֧穵ãҲֵס󱳵׾һУͬʱڵء
СƤ鷳浱Ӻ۸ˣ
ƵӼտд÷֮ǰӰһΣ͵سھʧǰ׼Ρһʧȥ˻ֵ
һ׼õǰؽ׼Ρ˾ֵĴС֮ǰóƲŮСסѸԶȥ
ɫΧ˲࣬Ѹ٣Ҳ죬û˷ߵ쳣ЯŮѾԶˡ
ʯһ˼٣ؤƶۼĵطϷһߵƾɷӣй֮ǣؤƶ񶼺һ飬ʹǳ
һùͺͺĴϣ׼ΡñӵڰУС챻ƲŶסɫ԰ף龪֡
棬ûϴݵļգޣһЦСƤԼҴү鷳ġģүϴû֣ǻ浱ү۸ˣ
ءء
׼ΡƴҡͷһҪ˵Щʲô
ģү˵ûôǻƫƫУð䵽үϣүĸǵѵǳԣߵ׼ǰ̵ͦƨһơ
׼ɫ԰ף־زϵҡӣӽϣһͻļΪԡ
׼̬Ϊһ㣬ƨͦԲ͹ĹĵģǱӽΪϸƤѩףһ˫޳ֱڰȲϵػε̤ţ̬
֮ǰĽѵûŮĲʶô֡žžž׼Ρ˵ƨĴһ㲻ϧ
ģСƤԭӴүԲŷҪүүó󣬾ͷҪֲƽȴԽԽ׼εԲƨ棬ֺݺݵһѣЦƨͦеԵ
׼ΡСã޺ȻصѾû֮ǰĽ׺ݡ
ž
һ᲻صسã˱δŮˮӷġ
͵ˣ´ٸҶԴүүͲԴˡݺݵصһŮϷŮĶ黹ǣû⿪ϵ鳩죬뿪
չ鲻ˣӳ顣



98 ׷
ĳǳأֱΪʥ䡢ʯ߽ǣʥΪǡҪĴʿΪҡߴҶҡżҡɵڡ
żҺҶһжԼׯϸۡʿͨϰУȻŷ壬ʵ֮ۺ񣬽ڻ֮¡
ʯǱߣһռذĶĸۡǶżһլ
ż޷ķı޾еҰޣɶżṩ
һռذĶĸۡУʱż˸Ÿ͵޽Ӫżһѱ޵ķӶżҳȥޣˣսзӳָЧ
һУֻʮСкȴ˫ͷߡѪֲޣվͻǶżҵˣֵʱ򣬴Скʹõа񹦷УſͶżʿؾྶͥ
˫ͷߡѪ߶ǲܴѱޣÿһͷ꣬СкӦòǶżҵˡ
żޣһ㶼ѪƾϬһûԵޣҲֻһ޲ſԴװ֮У̶ԣܹԪޣûܴΧ
ڶżÿһׯ԰ۡУд޴ڣǸۡׯ԰ûͨϰոҾסΪ㹻Ŀռ䣬ǸۡһƬΧҰݺҵ޷㡣
һ΢ɾһӲݴУԶԶǰĶżҸۡ
죬δżҸۡһ͵ؽ˻ǶżҸۡϷһ΢ԪżС
δڶżҵһԪֳһɳȻֱ
֮ʿͻȻӶżׯ԰˳ƺ쳣ڸۡǰ
ԶǼżʿƺûгѲ˼ӲݴðͷԶԶŶżҸۡһȴû֪̽
żңȻô裬һĸۡȻиӦ̽ĽƣЩȣոӲˡ
żҵĴӪǵУǿı߽ǳǽɽУǸطԪŨõһطԨ
ǶԭǼҵء

պɽϬߡɵİͷ޶飬ɶżʿţһׯ԰˳ƺƵʯǱȥ
Ȼϡ
ţЩʯǵĳƺܵҶڳǽϷ˼ݺĻĳһ裬ϲ顣
żҸŰͷ޹֮İա˻һЩʿ׷ױãЩҲЦһһϲÿͣԶԶӭ
żҺҶһۺ񣬼϶żÿ궼ΪľޣЩһͽŶżңԴżҵ̬ȣȶҶһҪѺģȻ̲żҶ顣
߳ʯǵļգһ⣬ڼʮͷϬһսǵʱһ˳ȥһӰ˲һȺϬ֮УһϬ¡
ϬƤʵƤȴһشغܵĴëԪתץסмһͷϬĴë¡
żʿǰ󣬽Ϭм䣬ѡĵطһսǣż˲ûз֡һͷϬǲ쳣һӣԭһȦûԺ󣬲źؼǰ
ʯǵû̲ż޶ӣ϶ЦݣͿش򿪳ţ뿪
һȺļգû˷֣ҲȻ뿪˺ʯǡ

Ļ֣ʯһƬɭ֣һÿùס̫ɭİ
ż˸ޣĻǰߣǰʱʱżʿ̸Ц
һͷϬ£üͷŶżʿ
Щżʿ󲿷ֶǶżüۺʱӸطģڶż棬żҵԪʯʿؼߣΪżҷ
·;УЩ̸۵ķΪɱ˶żүٷҫѾһʱż̸ĶЩʿһ̸ҧгݣ޲ýƤ⡣
һɫЩѿȻжԴδıĸĸԹޣǵ֪ĸʧٺͶżй֮еԹ޾Сࡣ
ȻģԼʱڵļԭתƵżϣΪҪǶż˵ĴڣҲһһҸͯꡣ
һŭϢЩˣľһң֮״̬ˡ
ʲôˣһȣӶǰĶɿд
֮ΪĶɣǶٷ岮Ϊһе죬һֱĬԣšżҽ٣Щѱõһ⣬ڣҲе֮ᡣ
ɫһ䣬ڽϬ֮µļգڶ׷֮ǰæ˳ΧĹбȥ
һǴҫ۵ĺ⣬һԶԶ
ӴԪ͵شǴбǴ֮һһֵĴ׷׶ѡ
أ
һǴȥһ󶴣ԪȥպӲһǴº󱬷Ԫײ
󱳴һɾʹһԣһͷײ뼸ï֦ҶСͣžʹٶͻ۾ĴѰ֮ء
һس۾һæһͷУȫ룬ʼȶľط֮ľء
Ĳ飬ֻ֮֮ҪתڵԪϵϢ䣬ܹѸٺܱ߻Ϊһ壬ϵĻȫֹͣᱻ˲̽
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һֻͻȻ˳׼ȷץסĽӿ壬ڲԡ
һѽ֮Уɫ֣ȴвû֮УǰʿѾԶûܲ󷽵ı仯
һһļ˳Ĩһ侲سǰĶżҶ׷ȥ
һβԣֻ֪֮Ҫ꣬һʿȻԷ
ƾֻ̣ҪСĽĻУֱһӰˡ



99 Ϯ
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޶ˣǣǲʵʵ·ҪŪС
ɺͼʿɢЩΧ룬ʿ̸ЦȴʼճĬš

һֻβҰӲݴжͻܣһʿһ׷һ˵ļʸȻһֻ֣ͨСҰ޵βҰܲһ˵ϡ
һżҵʿβҰԱߣȥץڵصβҰ
ۣ
һذ䲻ð˳ĴѪ䣬ӲȾ졣
ӵļգ͵˳ȥһѽӹɳСذףͷֲһ
ȷѾ֮󣬼ץʬ壬Ѿ׼õЩȾѪӲݣҲѸһ飬ûһ˿
ˡ
һƲһСذף̧ͷһֶۣӣûһϢǰ

أأ
ֵͻȻһżͷСҰ޷صĶżʿͷΧһֵۣģĻ־Ӷ࣬еöȱĵط
٣ӣ
һ䣬һקҰʬ壬һȥĶһµġӡ

ȥӡûȴʶģ󷢳΢ľӲصȥ
һпյĴ˳һעΧһѸһʬǰ棬˴Ұһߡ

üͷȵôĸûʲô
׷Զһɡһ˰̵İϣæ͵
ȥңǿǻҪ·ɲ͵
æӦȥˣΧߺһûһӦЩżˣԼЩ̫Ծ
ĸһûѾе㷴ˣôߺ֮£ûһ˻ػ͸ˡ
ϿʼСˣÿһСſš
֮Ϊڶżڶջ֮Ҳһˣŷḻս飬һֱ»޵Ĺʶֵ飬һӦԷķ
û׷ȥһ죬Ͽʼسˣ£ô
ͻȻһɱϢǼӿ˹
ϻһ䣬ضߺһйŹ֣
һɫâȻһ£һɺֱӴӳһ˲ֽŽӲݴ
ͣ
ذףŵð˳͵ؽŰĴ̴
ϻһ飬Ȼʧȥʶ
ϣѸٽӽ
һֻһѽϵУصǲһѨϾͽϵûˡ

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˻Ӧ
ʶΣǰѾ޹ʧ٣˵İҲû죬ȻǱĻֶԸǡ
ԶżõķʽſȫӦΧһƬΧڵ״
ûһ쳣
ЩˣЩ޵ĶżһһطԸӦˣſܹһ쳣˵ʵӦòѷɫңǻѾˣȫСһ㣬һ⿴ǧҪɢ
֪ˡ
ܶٻʿǣһ飬ԶΪѰȥ
һȫ·ضߣһȫҡͷʾԼûзʲô˿
һȻĽеǱߵĳǿߡ
ٶ뿪Ļ֣Ҵκ˲÷ɢĻֵг̣Ӧûô˳Ϊ˶żңΪԼСĽһѸ˵һ飬Ȼǰͷʼǰ
Щ˵ĳ𣬶ɸûϡ

һɱˣһ֮İϣյӽ
̫¼صͫĿ±߳һİ϶׾ٵĸɵĿһ䣬öֵġ
ĻУ̫¼һӰˣɶĴڣԽԽ
Ȱһô֦Ҷïܳ̽ͷһżʿȻ˾̧ͷһϸߺһˣ
ɭɭͻ֡
żҵʿֻüһͻӲȻ󲱾һۣͷ­ͷա
ǰżʿѸٸ˹ֻ֮һѪʬ塣
ڵжżҵʿһ־壬ɫޱѿ
һ·ߵˣֻҪһ΢СģͻӶʧʼգǶûмһ˵ӰӣεѹǸľ֣һ·Ҳû̸Цˡ
Ҳˣ֪гֵ˭Ҳ֪ԷĿĺڣ֪Էľжôְղסκ״ĸоκ˵Ƿǳܵġ
ǣЩųʿһһɱȴһ侲ʼ
Ĳ侲ǼյĿڡ
ԽǼ꣬ԽǷŭԽ׷ۿߵһɱ֪ٲʲôЩ˽Զżʧ͸Ӱ쵽ż
ʿļֵԶԶһޣۿҪһܹ߳Ļ֣ڷһҳߡ
ʹķܼ򵥡Է
ڣʣʿһ飬һܹ໥Ӧľ룬ΪĴɢȺ򼧳յһγ֡
һ˺޴һ𣬷ȥֻ쳣֣ϰȸķ׷ˡ
żΪߴ֮һҴҵһЩʿ鱦ãǶżһӶ鱦ü˵һγһ
ӵʿκһ쳣˾ܹ֪ͨЩһ˵Ը꣬ڵ⣬ڶɵķԸ£ʣΣֻܹԼһ
ĶɣӣһӶֻ۾̽飬ᷴӳУزÿһǱߵ״
ɢһ˴Ǳߣ۲һߵĶ
һεҪĿ꣬ǱˣնŵĶɣΪֻ֪жֶżұˣп֪һιĸʧٵҪ֪ġ
һ֣Ĳãһӽ
ҪҪ˲ԣԶأڣҪǲܹ¶ɣ˺ܿͻȣ⽫ǳΣա
ˣԥһͻȻ¶˾ģĳŶɿ



100 
ȺУһ㲻ҷɣעǰУͨżʿΧÿһ
ʱ򣬸ʮʿû߳Ļ֣ʮһ˱ɱȻЩʿżҲرǵʮһ˵ζָž޴ȱ
ڶżңҲһε˾޴ܹһĽڶżҵܵɣ⽫Ӱ쵽ڶżҵĵλ
ˣΣҪ߳Ļ֮ǰгֵˡ
ǲܹɱԷҲҪ֪˭ȷĿ꣬żҲܹ˲ʹĽѵҪ߳Ļ֣˭֪еȨͻᱻᣬᱻ峤ϳͣ
վȺ룬ضϣ˿Щ֡

СرܹżʿڴӰ£һƮĹӰ
֮£ֻҪ̫¼˵ķʽϢһĴڣżν˵ͬ裬ֻҪ۾ͲܹĸӦĴڡ
ͫΪɫԵ¶תŵĵط¶ȸӱ䡣Ȼ֮ͫȴûͷų˵⣬ҲûнŵﻯΪ
һʱУͫм֮øˣγɣѾ𽥿̲ͫصǿ֮
ڣͫתΪɫҲͷų⣬ͫһԣ
֮⣬ֻԵı֮һĲݣı֮ǿҲԼǰԸٷһӾͽɱ񣬸ղ˺֮ǿ
ڴӰУ𽥿˶ڵȺԶ޵Ѿϣӽһ㲻Ҵ⡣
ֻΪȴ֮磬ճ˵ô͵ϮгɹֵĻᡣ
ȻܹϢȫ䣬ͫм֮ƾ̣ȴҵضһʿ֣㲻ܹ֣ĻУҲȫˡ
ƹŶɵĲһӲݴÿһǳļὫӲݰȥ»ᷢһ죬ǰĶɡ
ֻҪһͿԽһξ룬ȴСʱֱǹǰ
ڣɵıӰӳֻʮɾˡ
ʮɾмûκӲݿ壬ҲûһôãֻҪһӲݴӣɽ
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Ķɣ䣬͵תӣһߵڿˣ
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һǴֿһ˱ײһ£ըױըˮˡ
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˶гɣһʿҲڶЩż˵ͼӦûʲôϵ
Ǵڶγɣײڶؾֱɢȼôһ֣㾪ͣҲһԲ
أ
ʮֻڹʱڿɣڹ̫СֱˣɲŲʮֻڹĴڡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺϵڹ棬æܣץһɻǴǴͻȻϸһĺâǰȥ
ڹƺҲЩЩǴбĺâһءֽӣѡǶȥɡ
ʱ򣬵ؾУӲǽǴײƫһЩ
շӶǴļ϶м䴩Ѹɡ
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ȱ֮ڶϣȻðĺâ֮ÿһ磬ܵ˾޴ܹɶɱ
ʿһɣԪ֮żҡâؼǼΪ棬ȻЩֲȴӲǵס˼ͫĹơ
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ʮֻڹһȦѰһĽǶȣֳɶ
áâ֮ͫĶɣԪά֡â֮ϣڹĵɫһţæǴӲֳһֵڹϮ
ڹȷ棬жѸݣԣС˶ǴӦֻлƶСڹ棬Ȼܲ·ӡ
ҪķѾӦ֮ͫıȣԵ֧穣Ǵ趯һһֻڹͻȻҵ˼϶ص󣬴Ϻâ϶˹ȥֱ˶ɵڡ
һڹ壬ɳ׻ˣǡâǴĵһ
ʱڹסᣬ˶Уڴƻ
ԪͻȻˣ̺âҲάֲס̺֮âʧ˲䣬ϳͨĽ塣
Ǿ壬ɵ𽥱ԪתٶԽԽ˻ֵĻᡣ
䣡
׾Ȼ䵽ؿڣһԣѪֹɫή
ûԪ壬׾ͱѵ֮£Ҳֲ֧סˣصڵϡ
æԱ߼Сذףշԣذ׼棬ѯʣôʧٵģ˻ڲϣ˭û
һ֣̿æе˭㣬ˣ
ۣ
ذͱڶɴȸذ׳ʱ򣬶Ѫ顱ð
˵ӣ׻ڲݺݵʵ



101 ֮
ҡҲ֪飬Ǿ塣
ۣ
һͱȥһȵ˵
ɱڱ֮ԽԽʢֽű䣬ʧȥ˷ֻڹ壬ƻĻܣ˾޴ʹࡣ
죬컹ţҲ֪ʲôطǸŮˣҾʲô֪ˡɴУµƽﶼںʯǣûлؼܲǱ߷飬Ĳ̫
ôһ£żʵ
Ⱥ룬żʿ֮ǰնɵķԸɢѰˣڿ϶Ѿ֪ߵ쳣ˣ¹һͻѰ
ʣµżʿ֮Ҳ¼ΪС֮⼸һأлʶɣЩ˻֮ǰӶɿнһЩͳ
ǰԨۣ˵ԨǼҵءһ˵͵˵
Ǳߣ㣡Զȵĺ
ɫһ䣬ɫϲĶһۣûһԥذ͵һɲѣѪ罦
֪쿪ѸٳǼżʿ֮ǰȻԶ
⼸żʿ϶֪һЩ˼ûһ·׷ȥʣż˾ɢ

塣
ƣӦǵһˣƷ嶥壬νףһǶѣÿһƽʱ
һŨĻĺڰһȻƷ壬һźڰһӲǽĿ֮ڸǡһźڰƷ֮󣬿ٵػţһ·ɽ±ȥڰ֮УһģģӰϵرţڶʲô
ڰ֮Ҫӵʲôʱ򣡡ֳͷƽȵĻʸͮȻԶ١
ͷȷ˳ңңǰһźڰȥͷһһҫ۵ĽͷȱһͷĻƽŤţֱǰһźڰҧȥ
ʸͮ׷кãֻһˣƾνסװ׷˼ǧ㲻һؿ뿪һŨڰУһһźڰƷƮȥ׷Ļƽ
ʸͮˮƹһŮʣҲǻʸҵ汲ˣһʿУǶеľ
һֱܣһսҵҪĦ̵ĺڰһʲô˵ı졣ֻʮĻʸͮ׷һźڰ
ٺ٣Ľսǵ磬ҵĽ岻ڰ֮Цûкͻʸͮս˼һ·ķȥ
һźڰƮƷɽͰɽƲʻһڲзӡ
ͻȻ˷һĮ
֮ʢ̫âȻ۳һѰѱ۳⵶ҫŶĿĹԣ׷׳һŻڰеĺڰȥ
Ŀǿ֮УһݵӰӾ֮ЯŲӲӺ⣬һźڰ
׷Ļʸͮһ;ͻȻһ׷ߣĿ껹Ħ̵ĺڰ֮һʼһ̧ͷһۣͻȻһϲæ¼ҾȻ붯
ٷϻɱˣһĮ͵غһ
ʸͮλˮƹһŮʣʸҵһ֮ôһȣûһͷǺһЦһǸ
䣬ƽհ裬ƹһƣҲһ˺ڰ֮ĺڰȥ
죡ħڰ֮һЩˡ
ڶʿУ⣬ġʿҲ֪ǬͽĿºͿֲ
һҹסڰ֮ȫĺڰסһɢ
ʸͮĻƽײһźڰĴڹ⣬֮ϽӲӵĺȻ£ɫ֮ƮһŴĺڰڻˡ
һ۹סȫĸߴӰӺڰֳһ˫䶾֮µ죬ֿһۻʸͮ콣ҫУһǰֻΪԪ飬ȴûҵ졢ʸͮǼţ𣡡
һźڰͷųһźڰֻһ˲ʧ١
Ħ̵ĺڰ֮ԶݣķԪܹһΡ
ʸͮ˻ƽȣʧЦһ·׷ʹڰ֮ԶݣȴֲãûϵһһϿʼϧķԪˡ죬ôȥˣô
üͷɨ˻ʸͮһۣƺĶ˵ʲôͷҪ뿪
ȵȣһҪߣʸͮæһ
͵ػͷŻʸͮĮȻʲô£
Ķӳˣֻһ䣬СǲǼһԯʸͮɫһæ
һ䣬ĮȻŻʸͮʸͮǵЩʲô飬һὫǻʸ˵ʬ壬һһİǰ
˻һʸͮһЦ֪˵һЩҾ徵װвϡ档
죬˵ʲôأʸͮЦЩǿεؽͣСӿˮƹˣҪʲô飬ҲΪðҪһԯǻʸȻҪҾ㲻ӣҲҺɽһλ˼ҹȥİɣȻʲôġ
׾ͺãҪȻˮƹңܾͲǻʸˡĮȻ˵ͷûкͻʸͮ˵ʲôתʧ
뿪֮󣬻ʸͮһЦֻεҡͷʸȻ⣬ߴ塢Ȼ»Ҽ壬ȴ֪ûκι˼ɵˣȴܹġ
ǣ죬Ĳֻһˡ

Ļ֮󣬼һ·ǵķȥ
żҴӪ߽ǳǵĽ⣬߽ǳ棬Ӻʯǳǰ߽ǳǣ;Ҫǡ
ҹϱһСɽһɽУ泯ſˣͶʥͨ
ľ֮ʥʶԵ÷ǳ󣬽Լʥʶ֮У˶
֪˶ãʥĹͨԼʥؿڵ׳ת֮
һ׻СԪͷųʥͨԺֱ֮ĸо¶ֽԼǲǴʥȸʶ֮ˡ
һָоûãӺȻһ˳ʧȥʶ˾֮
һǣࡢס졢ɫ΢⣬ŴͷųһһˮһӲһףɫĽ棬Ҳڽű仯



102 Կη
֮ҪĴʥ޹ͨʥʶ֮УϤʥ޵ϢȻܹʥ޵
һʿֻѡһʥ޹ͨרһʥ޵ҲǾԵģЩ֮ҲԸ໨Ѻܶʱ侫ʥһһͨʵ֤̫֮ӣܹʥ޵ȫӳ
Ūãʥ޵˴໥ͻԶ֮ͣҲܹͻơ
֮Уʥʶ֮ߣҪ룬˾ͷ·ʥ޴ĳصϵϲϵֳࡢ졢סֹģʥ֮γɡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻ֮תֻˬƺĳֱ仯
ֱʱʶոԼƺʥȫϵԪһ񣬵ı仯Ԫȴǿʱת䣬ΪʥϵϢ
վҹգüͷ˼
̫¼԰ɣ̫¼һڡ֣Ҳ̫¼ؾͱ˲һҪʥȫһ𣬲ܹһɡ
Īģôһ뷨뷨һͷһֱԥҪһλʥ޹ͨ·һӻȻˡ
Ϊʲôܹʥһϵ˲ԣѵҾĲЩʥ޹ܹͨٽһȻڣҲһкʥ޹ܹ֮֮ͨʿ
¼ʵĻԺܹиռ䣡
ͻȻĪ˵һӼᶨľ֮ʥһһܹͨʥ޵Ϣȫںһʥ޵
֮Ȼоɣ֮һʱ䣬ڻɽҰ֮䣬һֱ߽ǳȥ;оǵʱҲûжͣǼڴ֮ı߽ǳǡ
߽ǳǣ棬
߽ǳȻĳǳأڱ߽ǳڣżҵȴ˻ңҲԶżҷǳΣڱ߽ǳǺܶҪְλ棬жż˵Ӱڡ
˵߽ǳǶżҵģǰջţ˱߽ǳ֮󣬲ŷ˵ȻЩʣҲȷе
ڣЩѲӵŶżޣЩ϶Ŷż˵ĺۼڳתһȦЩ߽ǳǵĳ񣬶Ķż˶ǳ𾴣ֻҪŶż޵˾ĳ񶼻á
ǵ̬ȣԿĵ𾴶żˣ·Լ˶żҵ
ոӽһεĿǽĶżҴӪҪӶżҪõĸϢ
һ̾ӵľƹУչһڽ䣬ЩӵĻ
ħƷֹҪҶżҵ鷳ˡӣɱ˲գۣһʱ߽ǳǺͶżҴӪ϶̫ƽҶСһ㡣
ǰͶżҲ֪ΪʲôôĳޣҪǹԪڳ棬ż˷Ҫɱɸɾɡ伣ô꣬˶ΪѾԪɱˣûϵȻֳˣ߽ǳҪˡ
˵ǰʱĻУżҵӾܵϮͷĶɶɱˣˣ϶µ֣
ӣ˵Ϊ֣Ħ̵а˲ŻᱻϳҲ֪ôĦа˵鷳ġҪǺĦ̵аɱܾ˾ͺˣڿ϶Ǳ߽ǳˣ㿴żһСǳڵǿˡ
Ǹɱ˲գ۵ķӣ˱߽ǳǣǶż꣬ЩԨɣҪһùҶעһ㣬ҪǿʲôʿټңżΪôޣҪжżҵ޴ڣҲס˵ĲӣǧܹаڶżΪΪ

ӵľƹУ̸죬Щ˵죬һҧгݣ޲ȥƵģļһӻҪǲ뱩¶ݣھƹоͶЩˡ
˶Щڱ߽ǳǵˣͶż˨һȻȻĽ쵱˵ˣڱ߽ǳ˶ᵽѰΪżṩ鱨
λѣżҺ쵽ʲôⲻĳޣΪʲôˣÿÿ߽ǳҶżҵ鷳ڽͻȻһ䡣
Ǹӵ󺺣һʿ֮Ľͷϣѯʣɱͷ˼һۣһ͵ԭǬڵͽǰһ޶ˣ֮ŰǬ֮ʼ䱾Ϊķ˶żҵʲôżҪżҲڶżҴɱ䡭
˶켫˵һ񼫵ħżˣʵûһʵ
üͷ˵ĳ嶯߰ĽһԽԽͷҪǲʿ֮ͨˣҪֽѵһˡ
żңżҲʲôˣҵΪǱԩܺߡʹַˮƹΪɽѪɽϽʿնɱ룬ʹˮƹ˵ֺ
ôûʲô񼫵飬ΨһһҲǺͶżҵĵжԡٺ٣Ҿ벻ͨˣΪʲô첻ȥұ鷳ҪǶż˹ȥأжף
һ룬һͷҷ´󺺣һžƣһЦļ
㣬ʲôˣ˵˵ʲôڱ߽ǳڣ㾹ȻұŶż˵Ĳǣ϶ǺһˣҿЩ٣˵ļϸƹںȾƵЩ߽ǳǵˣ׷ָҷ´󺺺ǳ⡣
ߣż˿Ա߽ǳǵƿȷǷЩҲֻܹƾƿأûʲôֱ´󺺲ͷվоƱеľˮһϣתȥ
˼Եʱ´üͷ˼һۣȻ߿
ո˭˵ǶżҵĻһżһ˳ǹһͷϬҴҽɨһֺۣʵ
Ǹ·ģûԶءƹڣһ˼æָǰһﾹȻǸ˽ү϶˵̽·ߣһҪץס
Ǹż˵ͷһĽϬĴͷͻȻڳϼȣǰ
ģ鷳滰ҪܣżԽԽ̺ˣ浱Լߴ֮ˣǰ´һͷ׵ǸҴҹĶżһۣСӣдү𣿡
һżʿһͻȻߺֵǣаˣ
ջȻվæ˳ȥԶԶǸ´󺺣ȻЩı䣬ϵϢȴüվúذңذҺ֮Ĺϵ֪ġ



103 ؾ
һʺСӣҲҴү鷳´󺺹Ц
һǹųżҵʿһţ־ܣһͷϬǹУ͵رѿѪǷɼһ㼤ȥ
ʿµǺˣһżʿıܿߺȴܡ
ûʸ֪үүҵүүɱ㣬ҹԶ㣡´󺺿Цһ˵߽ǳǱȥ;ЩĶżûһ˸ҳ־뿪
һʺһտЦãϿ϶´ذңҲֻ˲Żôиԡ
ذһ·߽ǳǳǱȥǽţòڱ߽ǳһˣɲԸŹ
ذҴ֣ûнĸĶż˷ܿ˱߽ǳǱš
µǺˣΪʲôǶżҹȥſڣһʿǹվΪһ֮ĶżʿһȻʵ
ϻӾǿǶżˣţذţ֮ͣҲֱͣſȥûسǵЩżʿ
Ҫǲش𣬾ƴһҶƺҲҪΪ׵ʿɫһ䣬
ס𣿡ذҺſ񣬻һʢǹ⻯Ϊʥް׻ʥдɱİ׻һذɷȻһ޼᲻ݵĿ񵶡
֮ʿǲܹʥ޵෴ԽǾʿʥ޵ŻԽ죬ܹӵҲԽ
ʥް׻Ļ󴿴ǹ۶ɣһͷ׻һ춼ɱ¾֮ذʥް׻֮󣬹Цһ·ǰȥ
׻һ·ǰЩΧĶżʿһ裬ոջһĶƺҲذҿ⣬æܿ
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֮۶ɵİ׻צس߽ǳǳţһ춯صı죬߽ǳǳŴ޴ıը죬ǽʯ׷׵ǽЩһţ׷׽еıذҡ
ףذһߵǽͦģģȻúѸģѹһӲܹˣ
ûպ˷ʱ䣡ذҲ͵һǹһͻȻ˲˳ǽԽǽȥ
׷ƺһԸǽߵĶż˸Ͻǽ򿪡
ЩżʿŤŻأǽҡҡλεȥһжżҵ޸ϽӴ򿪵ĳų˳ȥ
ŻңҲɵػ˳ȥ˱߽ǳǱţԶԶذҵӰԶȥ
޵Ķżˣȷ˳ţȴô׷ȥһʿζʲôǶƺҲ֮׷ȥ
СǣţˮƹذңǰͻȻһЦذŲٶȼӿ죬ѸǰһСɽʧ
ذңƺʧɫæ˸ͣƣͣ׷ˣذɲǺǵģûҪ𡣡
׷ЩżҲ֪ذҵƺôһ˵Ҳһڶƺͣ
ȻûͣϳذݵȻ׷ȥ
һɽ·ڣҴҵؼӭͷﴳذҺȻһʯֳѣ֮ǰһֱңʲô
ҰεЦЦӽӴȡǿѵʯͷʯͷ͸ҵء
գذһϲһԣ͵һļ򣬸˵˵Сһôݳӣ˵ովʱҾ;úʲôط㣬ôˣ
Ҹĸδ֪߽ǳǣǴ㵽ż̽̽Ϣذ壬ô߽ǳǡ
ˣһ˵֣ϸˡյϢԪڵ˺ͶżˣۼڶżңȺͶһκ֮ǰͬҪȥż鷳пܾͳˡ
ذҡͷһ̾Ц֪ϵƢ϶ȥżһˡЩ֮ޣڱ߽ǳǹһϣż˽ϢɢȥҪǾڱ߽ǳǣ֪Ҳڸ˵ѰҾͿԽϢˡ
ذ壬Ҹ׺ĸףͶż֮ĶԹԹ֪֪һذңѯʵ
գ֪Ĳ֮ԺͶżֳ϶ΪĸףżϿ϶ڱ߽ǳǸ֪ڱ߽ǳǳ֣ȻңˣԼӦûὫȥ㡣ļյļذҵ
ҲãҾϣЩ֡˵ͷճЩϢȣ֡
Сӣ޵֮ˣʱ䣬ܹд˳ɾͣȻԶԶЩνſ˵ɱ˶ٷ棬ôģ˵֪Сӿɱľ˰ذҴȤʵ
ɱˣһҪ߹Էʼ磬յҵɱٷʱ򣬻Щڣڿɱˡ
ɱúãɱúðСӾ͸ɱհһҼʱ㻹ۣڱǰ̫ˡذҺܸˣǰȥһһѯһЩ֮ľ
ԴذңҲܷŵÿԼ֮߳ľ˵һ飬ԪһЩΪ˽˵֮⣬ذû̫ౣ
ذķǳϸ˵ɾȻҲǼɱ֮󣬶ԼոǱֳĺģϵ׷ϸڣ꼧յĽ֮һ̫̾¼Ȼ鴫
ذ壬֪̫¼ȻһֱܣûϵذҾȻһ˵˳
ذЦЦ¼ָʿؾ಻Ȼܹʮ֮ʿؾȴ֮١Ŀǰ֪ʿؾУ˵ֻйԪڵġԪ顷ǬڵġǬ澭Ħ̵ġĦᾭġа䡷ĵġס̫¼ʿؾܹʮ֮
Ԫ顢Ǭ澭Ħᾭа䡢׷ֱ屾ʿؾֻ̫֮¼翣ֻд˵ȴ˼Ǻǣľ̫¼ĳɾͣؽԶԶˡ
˻һ㵣Ȼһֱ̫¼ǳ棬Ҳûϵ̫¼ô󣬾Ȼʿؾ֮һѹٶȻô죬֪
ذ壬Ϊʲô̫¼Уʳ⡣
⣬㻹Ҫȥϣһǲ̫ʼ磬ذҺٺЦƺ֪ȴԸ˵
ˣҵˣԼհذʲô˵
ޡޣҲֻŸôذҴЦ


104 ͷ
죬ڱ߽ǳǱ߻ɽաذ˴죬ڼ䵹һЩż˹Ѱȴʼղ֡
죬ǼջذңȴЩżˡ
żҾڱ߽ǳǼ֮صԨ˲Ļɽ벢رңԶۼһֱټĶżȴԽԽ࣬Ͳסˡ
ذ壬ҪȥżǱ߿ɡû㣬ѾڶżǱˣĶżҸ̫࣬Ǳߣ»鷳顣
ذüͷҪڶżˣǹȥҲ޼£˵Ԫڵĸڶżغˣ֪ϵĿ£ڵĶżһͰһɭϣǿżңϣҲܹпܳΪĸ
ȣҲǰ취ļضŲӡ
ҹȥɣѾԨɱ䣬ȻܹϵٲΪ鷳ֻҪһãһܹӳȥҪȥˣ»ϷģԸӡذҳһ¶˾ġ
һЦεص˵ͷðɣҾ⸽㣬ޣͺһѰҺˡİɣ̫¼Ϊ棬ֻҪСϵϢһǺܹҵĴڵġ
֪ʵ㣬ֹͫģĽսҲ˶ãҪܹշУһ¶٣ѴӶżǱ˳Ϊ˲Ϊ졢ذҵ׸Ծûȥ
áذϸ˼䣬ȥа˵ͷȻŹһ뿪
ذ뿪󣬼ղûһֱȣǽ֪ſˣŲ̽Χ쳣Ϣķзжż˶쳣ĽڵĻɽȻƫƧҲڱ߽ǳǺͶżҴӪм䣬ܹż޼Ҵҵؾ
Щż˵٣ԿǵĽԽԽǲһֱ᲻Ѿڶżҳˡ
ڻɽĴţſӦϣܹ׽ʲôõϢ
ͻȻԶ޵ĵһӶżŽϬҴҵ߷ɱ
üͷһ壬æԼɽʯ棬Ϣ˲ȥ
죬ħڶżˣԪϺͶż̫һ֣һҲӲȥˣٸϻضżңһҪħܹȥΪˣ
ţ⣬Զż˵ʼǸһܹӳȥˣ
ŽϬЩżҵʿߺŴӼһСӹһ˷ܣɱڡ
һɫ䣬Ȼ֪ǰż£Ȼ֪ܻΧǵϢ֮󣬻һЩԽܡ
Ԫһ֣жż̫ڣԨһЩʿɣôһ𣬾ͨٴҲԴӶż߳ˡ
ô죿һֱȺϢǲذҵĶǰżҿ
Ǽ䣬һ뷨ԺӹֱʱʶǸƽĮġޡʵѾռҪλã챻֮һ㲻ƣҲûġ
УһҪȥ
ֻԥһ¶˾ģڶżפصĶһּʿˣذ֮ȻżҴӪȥ
һʱ֮󣬼ճڶżׯ԰ǰ
ΧһƵɽ壬żҾһɽ£żҺһðŵľ޴ˮ̶ռĶżҴӪΧǸָޣЩȺרŵ˩סһžҡ
żҴӪ¥ԶԶȥɾããˮ̶ԱߣһߴĽεضһСɽһơ
żҴӪڣӰ㿣ŽɫѪɫɫ֮һת̬ӵˣ޵һɫһѪɫ٣һѰ׹ڵγ
ڶżţϵͷųӴȫ·һȥ
£һһ㻺תţĿ̫֮ĿۣżҶǴ֮УЩΧΧĶżһ죬񾪾塣
һĮϥڶż룬ͷ޵ֹ֮â䣬һС̫ϵͷųȡ
Щżޣһ˻ƴţƺҪˮȵǷ֮ء
ԣ߰˰ɢ˽ʿжżҵģҲܱһЩɽʿһ˷ܵ죬ߺţȴû˵ǰ
ԶԶȺ죬鼤һһȻڶʿΧյһʶԭǸĮϲԵĹˣȻµľǿߣʶϵķȡ
ʲôˣżһɷǵˣֳһٺɫĳϷһ
ôΧһżƹȻӲأҽǼʶˣһĴЦԶ˳ָ˱òذңηشǱ˳
ߣذңȻ㣡ǸɷǵЦһʱܹĶݣһǰǶżңǴΪͷɣذң㿴ƣòҪû£򣬶żҲںһˣ
һʺӳô꣬ϲ£ǿôΧһôҾ㣡ޣαӣֺһս
ˣһŮѪɫһǶż̫ٵģ˿ԹԪڣӦþ·;˵ĹԪϣƺڰ֮ɽһΡ롣
ȥ⣬Χʮ֮ĸ֣޾֮һʣµҪôǶżҵĸ֣ҪôΧɽʿɵˣʮ֮ĸڴˣһذҵƣʵЩѻʯˡ
ذңѰ·ҡͷЦԶżΧׯ԰ΪģͻˣҶż֮УǽҲ
һ治¶żһˣذҹͷ֮ԣһһżû޵ľϡ
һЦֶʿ˸ƣһ鷳λһ֣һƬΧھκһ˿߳ȥΪҵ޾鷳
ʿһͷͬذҵҵңҵȻ
ãһٶ໰ֻضذңֻذͻƶżΧķߣżׯ԰֮С
ޣɱӰذһ·Цη̬Ȱ̺֮


105 
ٽһҶż֮У޴һ䣬ٺɫֱָذҡ
Ҫ㣬ͲˡذһЦҪһ
ذңȥڴʱϥڶż죬ͻȻŤͷһȡ
ϡذһ㶣һۣһɫذģܽϣҶԸϲٶ˵ʲôҽȻˣûŻȥ
ޣɣҿǶżҵʲôֶΡذҿЦһͻȻ֡
һööҴСīɫССڵһеȥֱЩΧΧʿȺȥ
ЦٻɫĳһһĽ𣬽ݺᣬһٻɫâЩīɫС
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âһײīɫСͻȻըֲıըΧīɫСļʿһţæԶܡ
һɹīɫڶżׯ԰ɢݳŨŨīɫŴ̱ǵζסĶżʿһ׷סɫʹԵʱһڿѪ˳
ذң㾹Ҷżöɣ޴ŭɫбȣʿһЩз˳һĳڶż춾̵ذҡ
Ƕżֱɵļ壬͸ֶζԸǿôΧϣΪʲôҾͲԶ̶ذҹЦ޺ʿһ˳Ҳ˲һߣϴŵīɫСһһȥ
һǼ䣬żҶŨҵīɫ̸ˣһЩÿĶżʿʵ߳Щܹƺͻëϸ׵źϣҲ޾īɫ̵Ϯ
ǣĿǰڶżҵЩˣ˶ôˣҲǸ
Ǻ˻һӴӶżҴ˳īɫĶУһźŻʿֲڸ䣬û̵ַܹ߳Χͻص
ٺԹԪڵĳϣȻѹһͷųȵ֣֮ҲϥǶһ־̶ֳȵĶӰ졣
ذʼûкͶһսŶżׯ԰ϵߣڶϡٵͶһööīɫС̵ܼȡ
֮ʿʼͷذҵλսڶ޵֮£ЩΧɽʿɵĸ֣׷׼Χɱذҵж
֮ĸһж֮ذҲû˻Ŀռ䣬ۼ˴򻺻ȶذΣֻܹ˱ܡ
֮ͬһذһӦһһΧ룬ֻ·һذҲȻĽ죬ҲϾͱΧɱֻţܹΪ顣
ذңܣһЦЦЩ졣
ҪֺҵԵһսھޣ𣿡ذҽŲͣƵƵͷޡ
ϾҪһˣʲôʸҵ޺ǲм
ذҹЦ˵䳰ĻȴɫȻһ䣬æһȭأһǹһû
Ĵشѣص״޴ĺص·һǱţһ֮ڴѵĴһЦ
粨һ𣬳͵صذҵǰһǵӰȻðͷһһݺݵײذҡ
һʿ쾫ԪѾﵽ˳뻯ĵز
ģ͵Ϯӣذ֣һѽ컭ȡ˳컭ꪰ׹ҫɱ֮Ũֱ֮µ͵Ϯȥ
޺ʿôʱѸ׷һʤȯգܣ
ƺЦһ䣬컭濹⣬תһͷһһǰȥӴܹƶڷ˲䣬ôصӵص˳ֱذҲȥ
ƺǰ꣬Ǵذǰذ棬ֻ뽫סȻںͺĶ֮һԸذҡ
ӣûôףذҲӺײһǰǰȥз컭һҡǹ˳ȫŴ·Ķƺȥ
ƺһЦɲذ潻棬컭ꪹŴǱӡ
䣡
ʱһײذҺ󱳣ɶƺԪ۶ɵСذұײһ£ɫ͵ǵͨ죬һѪӲסûе
ذҿûðͷЦĶƺͷ׷֮ǰ֮תٵԽƺǰӲݴг˳ȥ
ܣΪʲôס޸ˣȻȵ
أǵĿֻ죬ذһԳΪǶżҵвҲáƺЦЦν˵֪ոȫ֣пܽڳȥذ֪ԵһͻƵޣһȫأҪʹۡ
ڶżңǶޡƺֵܣҲдھɲؼʱˡ
׷ȥذҲܻе鷳Ǵ˳ȥǵȷҲ޹⡣ȻҲֵ֪ܵ뷨Ҳû˵ʲôüͷԸոչʿ˵һ䡣
һͷͶޡƺֵһ𣬳ذܵķ׷ȥ

սذҶֵĹ̿һذҳִһīɫСżҴ춾֮УɶżҶ֮鼫Ϊ졣
ƺһذϣذһٵʱһ̲סɱذҳƶƺأӶż˵İΧȦγ֮ǰӳһ
ΪذҵͬʱֿʼΪ쵣ģûذ촦Ӽѣ˴ͷβûذ⣬ʼն졣
˺εķѹм䣬ͬΪ֮˺ȻռϷ磬ʱƣն콥Щֵ֧֮ĶĿ֮ƺҲʼ
ô죿ô죿
շѯԼΧ£Χм֮ĸֻֿ֮ΪʱЩʲô
ۼѹԽԽֵ֮ĹԽԽһԽԽңûһԼʵ΢пǿޱȵֿϵسǣ
ڴʱԡѪذңӶżׯ԰һð˳ذ˫죬ͷ϶ѪԶ޵˽׷ᣬ˷ܡ


106 Ǳ
ϣͻˣذЦһĳŶżׯ԰ǵطʿм֮ĸ֣ذҳġ
һǻѪˣ˫תΪɫԪǹ̵Ļ򣬲֪ΪͷųһޱӴѪһǴڵɽ֮Уʹ궼Ǳȼ
ŭǣڰļգͻȻһһеسżׯ԰
һѪȼһǻѪͷԪͷųԽǿֲ
һͷԪ˻ǵķ֮꣬ȻС˳һͷɻǺػԪ۵Ļˣܻ棬һֱ֮Ŷżҳȥ
սڻ˻֮һ˫ȫɫżׯ԰һѾҪļգȻĽ֮
໣
һ춯صĿ񺿣ӴԪһ׺˳Яſֲǰҽȫݻ١
ѪڣѪԪвϵӯ嵱УѪڣʹӵ޾Ĵ
ʲôˣǰһżҵʿۼշһ˹ɫشȡ
̧һӣξ˳ˮУֱ֣Ǹ·Ķżʿȥ
ˮУػǰؾֱӺɳȥ͵³һѪ
ؾ˿ǰǰʿɫһ䣬һҵǳ֮־ȻŽؾ˸
֮ǰþξֻܹΣȻһһ֣ȻγΣˣλ಻Ȼһֳ֮Ҫʿͬʱֲſ
һϲûϵԪӴԪ֮£ԽˣѪڣӴԪѪҺƺȼգҪ鷢йĳС
գذҳǡɿһʿˣذŴ˿ڣһš
ż̫ţСүǼգӶٷɱģԪӴ֧£Ŀǰָͣǰٴߺȡ
ȫѹ٣ôһ˵Ϣȣ˫һȳ޵Ĺâضżա
һֱǶ죬Ǹһһ׺֮ͷð˳עֵ֮С
һ׺֮һ۽ֵ֮У𽥰֣֮һαĿԣ¶Ƚڽ
һһͷ˵Ļֵ֮ĶĿº˷ܣȻŹԪһȥ
˱ޣһͷɵĻ˻ǽԪ֮󣬲֪ʲôԭ򲻵ǾһƵȻҽ̶ײʱҪࡣ
һԪڵĳϣܹظܵԻϵӴѹòֳһӦһͷԡѪĻˣôһϵɵٴμһ֡
̫ţСүɱ˶ٷ棬ôɱң㲻ԼˣſشЦڵѪ־ۼһ͵²졣
һ֮׺ˮ
ں׾ξɵľˣһ಻һ֣ըĺУϢֲΣֱϯ
ɫŭһһ¹ֱһ¹ֻĴָϸȴմľ˴̴Ȼֳֹżմ
ɫһ䣬Ѫ˫Ȼɭ֮⣬һ¹ײһ
͵شʹմһͻȻĿŵȥ
ڰֻ֮һ¹ϮҲһܹܵ˵á
գͻȻһֵ֮Ĺâѹͷһֱ֮죬͵شг˳˲䵽˼ԣһץסֱۡ
ץסգһΣذԣɷ˵ؽذҲץסٺԪڵĳ׷һɳ죬ֱȥ
׷СǼһԯڻ챦ᣬȻܹһвԺǱ컹󣡡УɫоȻһ˿̿֡
ԯ֮ÿһԯؽȷѪꡣ
ֻ֮ȴܹ߷Ǳʿˣ˱֣ǰԯ˵пţɳһܹΪ桢壡һľǿߡ
ټʶյ֮󣬺Ȼ־壬ʶյв˵컹Ҫ
ãԹԪڵĳϣһȻصͷҲ˼޾Ǳ
ٺԪڳϴĬ֮׷˳ȥһεĿ֮꣬⣬һաذңǲ˷ϡ

һץżգһץذңɿȥƵƵͷ˫յļգ鸴ӡ
ذұץţһؿЦĽͬŵļգƾηḻûϵֻ֮СһܹһʿȻӦóһ
ȻۣϢƽȣ˵ˣذҸӾ棬Ȼ֪ǼһԯȻ֪Сȿɺͻճ󣬵ǲŸոշľȻʵ
СңǺһİɣԱХȴȫѹ˷
Һһı߽ǳǣҹ֮ǰɽģ֪ôˡذҿЦ
ޣĶż˵סˣԾ͹ˣûϵôȻܹʿˣͫȻʹļգµ
һΣ׼ðգһ˶٣ܹʿȫΪѪԪԭ򣬺㱾ʵû̫ϵգסͷԺܹã
ޣô֪Ԫ飿УѪǺɫģҲһԯղشµ
֮˵ĮȻ˵һ䣬˵һ仰ץסذһ·ȥ
ż̫ٺԪڵĳϽ׷ᣬ˰ΧȦ죬Ը˼ҲܹΧסˡ
Ȼץסˣ̶ֳȵܹӰĿٶȡ
ɽɽϵдеĴƺһǳϤͻ꣬ܿ콫˦ˡ
ٺԪڵĳϣһ¿ͻȻͣٱĿӦһݺݵһţͻһŲˣģûϢˣȻӳȥˡ


107 Ե
ոΣգƣΪʷµġԯȻ׷죬ǾˣǻҪںúһӦôԪڵĶϣһص
Ԫڵĳûкٶ˵ʲôһת뿪Σ׷һʼղټŲòżҷء
һҶУѼաذ˷ذ˵Ƥˣ˿ڰһ¾ûʲôˣұڣ
˫ʹ۾һ˲䣬ʹиǿңôһʲôˣֵ̿ʱ򣬲ŷ۾ܹ
졢ذˣŵʲô飬ֱչ¶Цݺ˲ŷġ
ôżˣһĮȻʵ
ޣҺÿ࡭ԹԹ죬ҧһ޺Ȼ
Ǻദʱ̫ˣ֪ɱ˲գ۵죬ҲûʲôоһǸЦĬĬΪµġ족
쳶˳ǣΪЩ֪ˣֻΪĸ
Ըȥ˰ɣΪʲôԺ̫¼ΪʲôѪǺɫܶȴѪԯУҺͶż֮ĳޣôһ£Ҹ׻ڲĸ׾˭㣬Ϊʲôһֱң
һ⣬һ˳Щ֪꣬ϣЩؽɴˡ
żҺͼ֮ΪԨԨ˼أǰһԯȥ֮󣬼û䣬żҾ˳ռԨ㸸׼޳֮ǰԨͼԨһ鸣Ϊҵ֮أͺͶż˳ͻ
жż̫ڣ㸸Ȼûռʲôˣ˼֮㸸ֱ֪ڣҲ֪㸸֮Ҫ鷳㸸ǷѾûʲôط
ĸ׽飬һѵŮ֮ͼֹ㸸׺Ͷżȥ㸸ײĸײڵʱͻؼңһȥ˶żңȻʧٲټ
ĸ֪㸸ȥ˶ż֮ҲȥĸƵԨżΧ㸸׵䣬֪֪֮󣬾ȥԨȻɱ˲ˣ޼£Ԫڵ˳棬˲ò˱ܡ
˺֮󣬾͸Ϊ졯ҳǿ㳤󡣡
̫¼ĸϵĶ⹫е̫¼ͽĸױܣĸ׻ʱ򣬾͸оڳˣ֪Ǽһԯʱ㸸һıĸԯݱ¶֮󣬻ɱ֮ͽ̫¼ӡԺУһƣʱڱ¶ԯݡ
ΪһƵĴڣٵʱʼղܹۼԪĸ׵˼ûǿ־Ƴһƣͨ˺ˡܹһƣ֤мǿ츳ʱ̫¼ȻԺ֣Ѹٳɳ
һƴڣÿҪۼԪѪҺڵʱὫɢԯѪֲǽƴڵʱ̫ˣƽ֮ѪѪɫΪʲôҾͲ֪ˣԯǿ϶ģҪȻ㲻ôµı֡
һ˵꣬ɫãȻʼճĬš
ϡĸףѾˣ֮󣬼ղ̧ͷһȻѯʵ
˵ͷĸ׵ĳ˶ż֮⣬ԨңżǰסιԪһ˶żңʱûӶżռʲôˣգǱޣһ㹻ǿˣЩҪһһֻ
صصͷҶڳŶżҵķңңԶżҺԨң˲ĳˡ
ϣ֮ѾԤ֪ףǰż֮ǰӦ֪ΣգΪʲôҪȥðգԱʼճĬذң̲סʡ
ذһۣĮȻҲû˵ǰż֮ǰʶһ׶༪١Ҳ㵽мܻб֣Ҳ뿴Ժδֵʱһ㣬ûϵȻǳա
˻һذЩΣЦͷǶʿʮǴƴȥҪǳճ֣ҹȥ֮ҪһǶˡͷ˱ˣСӲŸոճȻܹʿ
գԪôϣذҵĻƺѵ죬һȻæʵ
Դ죬ղ˿ͽԼ鱦ľһһ˵һ飬˵֮һЦ治֪ΪʲôôãôʿڣԪƫƫ䵽ǡɽҵ塣Ԫаţƺʱ޿̶ԪոҪԪͷųӴҸܱʿ
ܲǴɣҡҡͷصԪ鵱¼֮󣬳¼ҹȥҿԪʱ̽Ԫ飬һԪ飬ͱһǿҵ˱泶һͱԪڡ
ⶫ⣬ȷǳаţ¼һྫûŪЧŽ鱦ʱչֳĦ̵ĺڰ֮ˣ֮ԸԸðǰ鱦£ƺҲΪԪ飬Ħ̵֪Ԫ;
һԪ壬ܲɺϣڵѪйءգԪڣûвʸУܾԪ鲻ʲôö㿴ܹܲƳ
ôһ˵һţԭϥתڵԪ
һزԪͷųһ֮ԴϵͷųԪӯڼ֫ٺڣҪꡢԪ⼷ѹʱСͻȻʹ絶
ܵʱػԪĻ˵ĻǣԪֳһ㣬ŭԪڶȥƺĺΪ
ԪڣһɫС㣬·һתţȥӦʱȻһɫС㣬ƶǷ·ǺͻһĻ̬Ԫ鵱С
Ԫϳڵ뷨ԪһɫС㶼ֳԪڲϵƶţ·ַͨʽԼķŭͿ顣
˺üΣСԽԽʹԪǳһ֣εǶѪ֮Уûƶֺ
û취ǳһ֣϶ϲߣΡ
ȥһĦ̵˼ȻҪԪ飬Ӧ֪;üͷһͻȻ˵


108 ɳĮͽ
һ̻Բոϣɳãã̵ĿֱҪ죬ɳϮɳʯǵأʲô
յĺ濾£һɹӿ˺ѣɳĮԶûоͷɳĮߣ촽ѣƤȱˮһ̵̫ľٲѡ
ߣ߼ʵɳĮա졢ذɳĮУʱɳɳ˻Ρ
ĻӣȵҪһƤҹ˹ͷȵ²ѹļֱҪѪ
Ҫȫʿ֮ô׼ĮУпܾͱɳˡ
ɳĮбͽУһ·ѾܵɳĮͽЩգúɴ棬䵶ϴˡ
ЩɳĮͽأ˽ֵǮĶȫ׳Ҳѣ˵䵶˺ѣŮǱЩɳĮͽЦž棬ǶץΪū
һ·Ѽ̫࣬ľˡ
ɳĮͽҵˣûκηſأذҡ¾ɾԴЩɳĮͽաذҳֺ飬ֻѰһɳĮͽھʿ֮ļաذУһι״
һɳĮͽʬһأźɴɳĮͽʬ׷룬һЫͼıͽ죬ڼǰ˵򻰣󼧳յԭ¡
ӵһͽͷ­ȻӲգһǻɺɫѪֱ졣
ɱ˼ʮɳĮͽʯûһʴȿԡ;мʶ̫ЩɳĮͽĲҰЩѾʹɱɱ
Ӳ֣ЩɳĮͽмֱһĴڣÿһЩɳĮͽ֣ῴ򼧳գʾȫɱ
һ·ɱ첻ϵصͷƺǳ⼧յ˺첻ذҶ֣еɱ¾мһɣذֻԱվڣַϵָ㡣
컹ذңɱ˲գ۵ˣ£ذˮƹɣҲѪ˼̫ˣΪ˱⼧սԴǿⷽյᡣ
ûʧһɳĮͽͨ˵Ĳбо֮֮ټɳĮͽ졢ذ˷ԸͷβɱȥҲû˿ԥ
ֽȾѪ䵶ӵصʬѳˮʳһһװӴУ̧ͷɳĮһߵգջͷЦѯ죺жòܹĦ
ءһĵĮһϣ۾졣
գϵٶȣƿշеĻܹĦң֮УʮʱҲܹĦ
ذҹͷ³ɾƺɫһˮЦɳĮǸõطʿɳĮɳĮѰͻ֮ǷżͽɳĮذɣڵĦ֮ǰܹһһǳο
ذôһ˵ҲЦŵͷ֪졢ذ֮ԲգɳĮĥһ·ϣ첻ϵѯĵúͳɹԼһЩ˵ذ֪ʿԶԶ죬һϾΪһЩȤţӼʶ
ذ˵Ѭ£ΪջҲ֪˺ܶһԶԽӴ£֪ĦʥĸԻȴûܴ򶯲棬ȥľ
ǿУ֪Ħ̳ʥĸڰ֮֮⣬˻һڰ֮ӣڰ֮ӽ̳кڰ֮һĽ壬ʥĸҪѰһʥŮýλá
ʥĸһ徻ǻۡĴڰ֮һп־塢̰ޡɱħ
졢ذ˼ʶ㣬´֪꣬ǰ˵ⷽ飬һɳĮУȴ򼧳չⷽѶϢô˵ĻҲûʱ˵Ķࡣ
ССĹаʮһĦĦŷĦ̣Ħ̵İа£ĦΪǿʢһҡعϡҷֲĽΪϡ裬ĦҲûܹһͳ
ĦȻ˵һʿɣŶ֣һЩϵʿɱĦ̴ڵʱ仹ҪԶֻΪЩûһʥĸһԲŻᱻĦﵽͷϡ
ǧҪСЩϵʿɣƩ确̡ϵʿɣĦҪԶࡣǧǰһֱһɣֱһ̫飬ǲ֮Ħ̲ȡ˰ĵλ
ôĦȻһɣɲ̵ܹ̣ĽͽлźܴӰڰ֮ħôһֱ뽫̴ĨȥȴʼղܹóԸ
ذҶ¼ƺҲΪ˽⣬һ·ֱ˵ֽɡַһһΪϸ˵һ顣
ף
ͻȻһ۾ԶԶذҡһ㶣Ҳ۾
ԽʧڰסɳĮһȺɳĮͽϵعڵأһھ޴ЫϵСӰĤݣЩɳĮͽڵϣͷĶ߸߾ϥߣݸǸ޴ЫϵĺºӰ
ЩɳĮͽУ˶ʿ֮лм˾Ȼ졢֮ΪǲͬѰһɳĮͽǵӣһ̬ϣƺĵؽǸھ޴ЫСӰԼŷĤݡ
ķ̣һЫӵ޵а̣ķ˵Ыӡķ̵ĽͽԺɳĮеĶЫӹͨŪ޴ɳķΪɳĮһ֮أ̤ɳĮЫӺķ̵ĽͽӦˡ
ɳĮͽ󲿷ֶķ̵ΧͽҲŷķ̵Ľ壬˵ķ̡ǰķŲţķ̽Ħ̵Ĵȣչˣķ̵Ľͺڰ֮ϵǳķÿ궼ҪĦ̹ʿ鱦
ذһ񣬶ԶǸСӰ˵Ӧķ̵һҪˣ֮ķֻǸСģͲˬȥɵǡ
óȥ۾죬۾΢ͻȻ˵
գذһ㶣ɻϣ㲻˵ղܹԪ֮һ磬᲻᲻̫׵
޷ԯѪ̫¼㲻ԪԽһսҲӦû⡣б˼һۣգȥ
ðԾֱǰ˳ȥ


109 ױ
졢ذ˴һʱ䣬˵Ľ̵£սɿ죬ΪϣǴ·ϣ˺ܴı䡣
ɳĮͽײУķ̸ΪɳĮеȫǸˣ˼һ֣ЩɳĮͽھ޴ЫǸķ̵ĽͽϾͽյ˿
깣Ыϵ˹ǻֵغһ䡣
ʮɳĮͽͻȻ̧ͷɭ䣬ӹվ𣬳ϵ䵶һɱ˹ʮֻʿȫӣûúɴ档
໣
һ춯صĴȣ׺˾Ȼɳӭʮһס
ؿڹţȻɳУκα׾ԸͿҵķʽʮм䡣
䣡
شأһһľ޴ײӷĻɳд˳ױһ䵽ЩɳĮͽϣĹ
ʮɳĮͽڼļȫϣûйǼƵ൹أѪֹ
졢ذϣһĮȻɱ䡣
һʮ˲䱻ɱʣ졢ΪɳĮͽһ㲻壬Ǳŭıޣһ䵶˹
һЦǰ׳ȻһǿǰһƬռͻȻһݵĴһƬռɳĮͽǱǶٲѡ
ѪڣһЩѪҺͷų䡱һױըǰݵĿռд˳䣬ɳʯ
еɳĮͽûһܹһƬռѣڡױ䡱ıը֮£׷ױը⣬Ѫһһء
һʱһ£ԼѪȷͳ죬أʼѰѪķУһѪķ
һԣȻױ䡱ǰռݣϵγױΪ׵ɳĮͽȫױģʵ׳С
ʮɳĮͽһһ״ңһھ޴ЫķʿЩ㵣ƺûϵļվȻд˴ֶκ;˵ʵ
˹ָͷ̬Ȳ
һķ̵Ľͽͺһһŵľ޴ЫǶЫͷһ꣬һͷɳʯУǸķ̵ĽͽһʧڻɳС
ôˣ̫û˰ɣȻ
ףһ仰Ž꣬Ȼһ̫¼һʿؾϲµĻɳѸƶ
ԭڻɳ棬ЦճСذףûŶЫذһӣࡢ졢סֹâһذųѪڣһѪӯֱۣϳХһذ׺ݺݵسŵص׻ɳ
ǣ
ذشڻɳУۡһѪӻɳð˳
ŶЫһķ̵ĽͽͻȻӻɳ˳϶һѪǾ壬ΪʲôԲˬսᱻʶƣڻɳ֮¾ͱһˡ
ɳɳʯһ𣬺һķ̵Ľͽһ˼գһͷɳĮ޴ЫҲצ޴Ыβֱ
ذһΪһЫͻȻɳУ۾ɳϵĴʹ֪һķ̽ͽ֮ľ
ϣղ°ɣǼһϾ֮һȼܹȡʤذЩģѯԵ졣
ۣǰɳһĮȻԯѪ̫¼ǵĽ޿ܣԽɱˡ˵һѵ顣
أ
һҽдɳ봫˳ǻֵԲڼա
һһɳļգӽƽϢɳ˳۽ǵĻɳĨȥһЦݣɵˡ
˵ͷߴٵ·
ذŹ֣죬ֿ˿յļգֻһһСǹˣѹôܹദ졣
գ̫¼һڡ֣Ժκںϣһ֮ͬʱʥ޹ͨЩѣ˵һ㲻⡣֮Ժ֮֮ҲҪȫҪޣ̫¼һҪúȥ
ڼպߵһ֮Ű˵
˵ͷидķ̫¼һڡֵȷ棬ڼҵˣĪž˵׾ξܹͬޣпһܹãʿؼûһ谭ؼں֮ľˡ
ҲҪע⣬ʱʿؼںһҲһȫǺ¡еں֮һҪСһ㣬ںϵʱҪäĿȫڡüͷ˵
֪ˡǺЦ

̫֮ҵʱ򣬸Ӧһˬ磬ŵʪĿ
һޣǰ֣ԱĽ˾ۼ޴ҪôʣҪôڹˮһЩɴŮЦӯӯǶվţϻ䵶ץˮ
ô죬ڿˮԴˡذҹЦնϣ͵ǰЪЪɣ˵ĵطϢùȥ˽һһʱơ
üͷǰƺ̫Ը޶
նʲôܺ棬ɳĮôʱ䣬ò׼һ˾ۼޣˣȥ棬ǷҲŸ·
ذԴЩηദô꣬һֱ쵱һ곤ѿ֪ݣ̬Ȼûиı䡣
ôһ˵ĮȻ˵ͷЩԸشذһǰȥ
λɣӭɳޣλˮԴԺúЪϢһ£ԸĻŮṩȻҪӶĻҲΪЧ͡һݵˣ˵ԶԶк
գҪҪҸŮ˸ֻ֣ҪͷҰȫ㶨ذգգۣ٩
УʲôŮ˶УλûԹ飬ҪȤϸǰѸĹЦذҵжϳ϶ƴ֣ˡ
ذ壬ҲڡոϽЦҡͷ۾ɳתתɫͻȻΪɳУЩȻװ磬ϵϢȴɳĮܵıͽ
ءءǰһڣ͵͵ŮӦǱŶס죬ܲ
ſңһŮǸһ
üͷһ壬Ź֣ЩϤֱǸȥ


110 ҵѾͷ
λСˣǱ߲ȥͣͣﲻȥһվֱȥæߺţͼֹ
ءءǰ񴦣ִ͵͵
üͷһڣͷŰײӣһһ䵶ָ׼ٽһ
ӣ֮һ֮ò𺣬ɭ䡣
費˼յǸߣż֮󣬼æ򻰺ʿͨ
ϣ
֮ʿ䵶һӣһĵݳֱֱߣʾҪ¡
ƺǳˣڨڨЦһͷ˵档
Сˣ߰ɣû˸ҺǹȥġԵʱѹ˵һȻϽͷҴ߿
ΪǸ֮ʿñŤһ
ķ̵Ľͽٺ٣һ·Ѿɱ˲һˣû뵽ܹЦ
ϴһը׵ıǰ˻ûзӦʱ򣬼Ѿ֣ױʩչǰ뱬һ˵ʿը˳ȥǸʿ䵶а׹ҫγһĻߣױһ֡
һͷײʿϣᰴؿڣһɽĿͻȻ
꣡
ѵͻȻһʿϴΰӸ߸߷ײֱ䵽ġ
ڣһɫ۹ŶЫķ̵Ľͽһ׺ݵصżա
ķ̽ͽ׼ΡñĽģжţһϲġءлš
׼Ρ˿װ磬ֶּԸķ̵ˣϽ˾ǣƴŤüտǱסˡ
࣬ʲôˣڣһ֮ķ̽ͽȻվżյķ̵飬㾹Ȼҹܣ˭
ʱ졢ذˣҲʩʩȻ˽һĮȻɨһڵļˣֿ˼һֵۣʵʶѾͷ
ʶЦҡҡͷ֮ǰ׼Ρõļ棬֮׼ΡӦϲ
ٺ٣СѾͷͦˮ飬ǽûѾͷذҴֵ˳һŲһպķ̽ͽؿڡ
ذһŲ£ķ̽ͽϺһ֨һؿڹ飬ѪȪˮһȫð˳
ɱɱķ̵Ľͽذ˲̣ϱԣһΧ
ûгֻ֣üͷˣҪڳһսĿռ䣬Сң֡
ãԱ߿šذҹһЦһƹ׼ΡǰķʿһĴץס׼Ρñһ
׼Ρ䵽ذУԵоо壬˱ذҡǰεĺúذһҪǂzѾͷĻ֮Ϳʼϰˡ
ذҹͷոһһͽһķ̵ĽͽһŲֱЩķ̵ĽͽҪײУ׼ΡָճѣֽѨĸо
ذһץס׼Ρᣬϳ֣һû׾ξǴ߷Ѫ˿磬һһסˣ֮£ܹʶ˳ֵǿÿһһ׶ΣŻὫȫͷų
֮£ܹ׼ȷذյԷԪ֪ǹʵһʼռĪˣѪҺ£֮ÿÿܹӶԷĴ˳
Ȼװ⣬ʵȴκ˶Ҫ⣬ʼղ뼧գԷֹⷢ
ذһˣ̬ɣȴûΪ׼ΡǵţûСѾͷϡ
Сʿһ֮֮
һʼذҡ˶֣һ˻δذңͱһ߷˳ȥǸֵʿɨһֻۣ궼һҪ壬֪Įܹľǿߡ
ذҡɢһߣһʿҪܣذҾͻ׼Ρ˳֣һ߻ģøյϰİӡ
أ
ܹһֵ֮һչһһ֮֮һȭıģѪ
һʿвϵܣ䲻һû೤ʱ䣬֮ʿػ飬صء
һ֮ʿɫһݣͻȻһеس򼧳գɫɲȻĲ԰ɫһֹĸо
üͷһ壬ңңסһ֮ʿ
һ죬֮ķ̽ͽ飬һɾ޴ĳըͷų֪Ϊʲôһɾ޴ĳȴںСһΧڣըӼѹڷִ֮أûѪɽĳ֡
һ֪ԼɣʯٵķʽַʽͷųǷǳ˵ġסԺһҪСģһҪⱻͬھѵ
ôһ˵ղŷӦ֪ոҪͻȻ֣˵ʯٿһСķΧڣ˿ôпܵ
һյ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ţڳԵ㶫һЩˮǼ·˵ͷ۾׼ΡһѾͷôã
ذող˵ǸѾͷҴСû̺ءյЦ
Ź֣ƺ˼ϵ׼Ρˣ֪ŪѾͷı㡣첻䲻
ذڽ׼ΡϵȡѾͷһܽϴ󳳴ǵ׼Σذҡմ󺰵ģ֪˭ߴ֮һ׼ҵˣǾȻѾͷҼ֪ˣһĲǣϿǣǽǴķ̵оȳķϣҿԵʲôû˵
淳ذҵһְ˵ͶϣЦ˵Ǻǣߴ֮׼ҵˣٺ٣յѾͷǺʣ
ء׼ŴУһȻ
ˣˣԸŵ̬ˣȻϵذЦЦ߳һɫ΢΢һ䣬ͷڵ˲ˣ
֪ɫƽ·֮󣬸ûʲôݡ


111 ķ
棬һա޶ЫӵӣߣһɱϢޡ
ЩɳĮͽķ̽ͽɵˣһεĿԲɱӣΪǸûйĴݵˣעȫڼڵ
ЩɳĮͽķ̵ĸ֣Ҳӳȥˣµպ;޶ЫΧΧ
һݸ߸ߵˣһĶЫϣ䣬ɢһŨҵζϵζƺǳЫӣǰһԶɳʯоЫӰε
մ̧߳ͷԶֳǧϰٵĶЫΧЩΧӳ˲Ÿո߳ʮףССĶЫӶסˣëȻزҽ˲㴫˳
ǶЫӿ
ǧϰٵĶЫӣСֻȭͷСǾۼһƶӣ˿˶θܡ
ĲҽУڴĮصЩʵõ˷׷׳˶ЫӵʳһЩСĶЫЩ˵УǵƤţЩ˷־֮İ
һʼֵǸͷʱͷΪ׵Ǹķʿԣһĵ˵Щʲôʱʱָָաˡ
ݸ߸ߵķˣԽ;еĽͽһ졣
ϣķ̵Ľذһأ׼Ρ˷Ϊ׼Ρ˽ϵҽҲ
֮ǰһֱ󺰴е׼ΡᣬƺƵĲһȻȻûд󺰴УʵʵشذԣһԲ
ߵ졢ذԣüͷǰûмǰ֡
оĳһݸ߸ߵķ̵ĽϢаѲ⣬ԪʽأȻһֲ׽ĸожϲһλķ̽ʵ硣
ķ̽ǸֹһµĶЫӣǸ޴ޱȵĶЫڻɳƶ𽥿ߡ
ܹ˵Ǹˣϣǰʮ״ķ˵ˣŮ£ھͿ뿪ˡ
ķ̽ʼղ죬Ǹ˽֮򻰵Ը˼䡣
æͷȻ̧ͷ죬ķ˵ŮǺڰָ֮ҪˣҲ֪ݣֻϣܹҪ£Ů޽
ķ̽ӳֿʼһֱ죬ϸӦһ¶֪Ǻͬȼĸ֣׵ԲŻһֱ
ذüͷһ壬ͷ׼ΡһۣȻ˵ϣ㿴
ǣȾǣʲôӦǣ־壬ƺǳķ̵ˣధذңֻҪӦǣңԸλүѾͷ
׼ʱҲûţͬذңصͷյѾͷҪ䵽ķˡ
ķ֮̽ذһֱûȨȫ죬׼Ρһ־尧ʱ΢΢üͷֿ졣
컹һ䲻ģ۾ذʾ⣬Щͷؿ˿ķ̵Ľ˵֮ͻȻڷ˳Ũҵɷ֮ű˵Ŀˣֱǰӿȥ
ʱգ֮һһ޵¶ȸǽڽĿĹâ֮бâ֮һ綾Ыӻð̣׷ɳꡣ
ķ̽һͬЩͽ֮һգͷĿѣһЩʵֱͬһ𵹵أ£־ؿʼˡ
ھЫϵķ̽ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺûϵ쾹ȻһԲس֣ߺ˷âӾЫɳˣɳ˵г졣
ųգذҵԸһ䣬һһѽ֮ץУһͷɳС
ķ̽Ħ̵ĺڰ֮Ųŵķ̣ΪĳǿʢķĦʵ߹ķ֪̽ڰ֮ӵа£֪첻׶ԸҲòӭͷһս
ķ̽ͬŰ֮Ϊķ̱һĮеаɣڴĮŵƣĹ£ɳ·һӿˮһӿ
һȥߵĴĮ·һĺ򣬻ɳһ޴Σɳһ춼ɳס֮ⶼܹ͸ɳҫ
ô֣֮һͷǵصɳ֮Уһɾ춯صĲͻȻɳдɳžž죬д͡ɳصǵһɢ翪һЫӱɽڣɳʯð˳
գ㡣ذһץסգ˵㣬׼ΡˣҲҵظ˽
սÿ죬ĸ죬ղŽ񣬻ûȻһ޴Ķ֮ͻȻƽϢˡ
һһͷɳشԶ˹Щ˵ԶԶɳĮͽ־ɢӴܡ
ϣذæӭĵ
˵ˣɳˡüͷڰ֮ȴֻﵽµľ磬ؾ⣬ɳĮռ˵ˣܴɳʯߡ
ôһ˵ذϷЦѹϲԭֻµľ磬ǺǣȻͬΪ֮ȴھѷһѹҪˡ
߰ɡһĮȻ򼧳գƶ׼Ρʱüȴûж˵ʲô
⣬ܹӶЫȺӳȥ˺٣һȥصʬ壬ЩûҲЫڰ
ǳȥǸˣûܹķ̵һߵΪ졢ռ˻ᱻķ̵ȫɵķ̽Ȼ֮ͷŵûɪɪæڵϴǵ½⡣
׼ͻȻ˳ȥּһ䵶ȥһͷˡ
׼ƺʬϿ˼һѽȾѪ䵶ӵذҡһüͷ׼Ȼ͵ЩɳĮͽΪɳĮͽṩ˵Ϣ׽֮һֱΪЩķ̵˳һЩ⣬뷽跨ǽ˳ȥ̺С
Сһ㶣ͻȻʲôüͷ׼ΣʵǺڰ֮ӣһʮС
ţһֻʮСаĺܡ׼ε
ԭǺڰ֮ӣѹˣյ˵ͷа
գǸĦ̵ĺڰ֮ӣذҼɫ죬ֵʵ
ɡ˼شһ䣬ȻͻȻ˺׼Ρ˵ľԹЩŮѾͷһ̺ȥǰԡ¡


112 澳
ĿƣѾ˳뻯زոֵ֮ȹԣϿͷųְԵޱȵĸ£յ޵ˮԴҪ롣
Ȼ޵ʱȴеˮԴһû٣ΧϡϡֲƺҲûܵչķٿ֤Ŀ棬Ѿ˼Ϊز
׼ΡСãͰ͵ظżգָòļտݷǷѾͷȻЩ鲻ԸҲرִ뼧˽ǴķһȺͽо˳Լ˵ԸѾͷֻܹͷ
Լȫȡݵ̬ȣΪ֮⣬һ㲻棬ذҸνˣۼճ׼Ρ˹ָͷֱǰȥЦƺúȤ
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ʱ꣬ļҲǸ޸֮ˣĶȳƣƤ𪣬ݸ߸ߣ͸һĿС
׼ΡöǲµŮûмһ¶ϰɬزҶ࿴ȴЩ棬ͷ͵͵㱳ģȤ
뿴ͿαڣȻʧЦֵߵԣ㣬Ҩˮϴӡ
ôֻеԹûִӺڰ֮оСãһлӵбסǣûϵСѾͷʶôмȻںʯҶ˶Ը
Ҫ̫¼棬ȲҶ˵Χ£ǻҪ䵽СѾͷвɡȻºҲ˳𣬲ٻûôȥһСѾͷ䵽Уĺú׽Ūһ
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ȿȡһưˮͷ׼ļձǺˣյصͷ׼Σû۾һС¶
㣬㾹Ȼң׼ˣָָżգɫǵͨ졣
ôҪҲˬСүһִأЦԼǣҪѾͷסǵݣٺ٣Щķ̵Ӧ÷ǳҽǽȥҪ䵽ķ̵УûѾͷôɡ
Ҫ˵ˣһ壬æ˼սĻǰһ׼ΣҨһưˮеɬ󵨵ؽڼյؿڣȻ󣺡㣬ǽȥ
᲻׼ôԣĵôһ󣬱Ͳ˵ļ˳Ƶ˵ͷ׼һ罫׼Сݸˣ쿴õϣʱƽϣ´θעһ㡣
㣡׼һ߿
㣡ʱһæ׼ʹɫ׼ΣȻصֹ˼ʲôڼյ֮£ʵʵغһưҨˮϴӡ
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һĮȻνص˵ͷչ׻ռԯѪԺ߲ܹûˡ£ǿʢȻǹؼҪ˿ãǻţ׼ҡԿ硣
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ᡰšһСңպԯһ꼻һ֣ˡ
ûһݣϷԸҲ޷˵ȥ꣬Ҫȫҡذһ죬Щʡ
ˣȥǰˣû꣡üͷһ壬͵˵
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ذʱǹ֮֮壬ڱǵĹâ֮£ƮƮĲ֪ȥˡ
׼ΡãڴĮһֹʱʱԶԶա
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Բ̣ǹϵղϵͷŹ
ϥҹɳʯϣſʥ޵ʶڣʥ޵Ϣ֮ûκ谭ľͽԼʥ޵ʶ֮С
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εڰ׻ʥ޵ʶеʱһɱ֪֮ΪɳĮԭ򣬻һʱɱ̫࣬һɱ֮һ𣬺ڵԪƺȡĳϵ
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һֵľУڵǶйأǱܣ͸ȥ˿㽫˸ϳһΧҪǴվˡһأ
᲻£ذɫ΢䡣
֪־˵Ҳ֪ǸǻʱҲȸȥü


113 
һ߾Ǿ죬ɳĮУձۣһãȻ۰绹ǺҹڸǰС
졢ذ˽ţ;ʲô⣬׼ΡСѾͷȻҲǽһ·СѾͷ۵Ļ㺹죬ȴҳԱԹ
˺׼ΡѾϼյٶˣҪذҴǣСѾͷſ²ɡ
춼վô£ʼʱɱ죬˺ϵɱһʬһ㣬ĿĵɳĮš
;УҲһЩˣһЩнķɳĮͽʱ֣ذҶὫе·ɨһ飬ȷЩ˲谭ա
ջججʼձ˫ۣһֱҴҲκ˴һֱںĬĬΪһС
ʮʱɫãȻһ˼ҹʱеһɳأǶ粻ֹɳǵأ谭˵ߡ
һͷ˿ɳŰأٶȾȻֿ˼֣£æ
һΪص죬֪ΪΣʼŴХڼžҹſɳޣһëȻĸо
طԺٶԽԽ죬˽ʱɫʱ򣬿ɳŰǰȻй۳֡
һһɫľʯһ͹Щߴ׳˳ķΣɳԵ÷ޱȵΰ˺𺳡
һ磬ЩЩͷˣ÷ɳԵЩƣվЩãȻо֮Ŀ꣬ܵ·ľʯһǰ롣
ͽȻȻʶյ澳ûԭ
ڹɳĮУһ·Ȼֱĵط֪طƵģٶȷŻһ㣬ɫãȻһ롣
ذץס׼ΡᣬȻԣ׼ΡС棬ȵһ͹죬ȴ쳣׳۵
׼ΡһԵһǰãȻŵļգСؽ̸ţУһӱ
ϣգذҿ죬һ졣
üͷûпذңʵСңʲô𣿡
ǰһڶʿɵᣬ潲Щֵ⡭ǰеذ棬ͺô֪طа̵Ħ̸ݻ˰ôô̵ĹѵѵǴ˵аʧ
ʧüͷһ壬ʵ˵һ㣿
һ̵Ľǲ֮󣬰һֱûн״̬ΪˣĦ̲Żȡ˰ĵλ˵Ӱ̵Ľ֮󣬰̵ʧĮУֻаĵĽͽ֪һλá
ôĦ̵˵ѰһλãҪ̵ĸ׻ȥϧĦ̵ôŬžڰлţеӰȻС֮԰̲𣬾˵Ϊڡ
һУذҶĪѹƽɤżѹĺܵ͡
ذҽʱ׼ΡҲţذһۣ֮ʵôϵ
ô֪ذҿЦ
䣡
ڴʱǰһ޴ޱȵʯһ˷˳ֱż
һʯһΧ˵ʯһһ˳һ졢ذҵˡ
ɫ䣬ƺֹ֪Ϯ֮Ȼ˳ͷתһȦ
һ޴ʯ֮»Ϊʯɢ䣬ûһʯܹ䵽ǰнļϡ
һĿǿͷųǿǰһͨĵ·
һСɽߵĹǰһ󣬱Χʮһʯţʱʯ߳һݵˣЩ˾ǴĮеĸʬûһˮ֣ɵ
ʮˣȫģ䣬һֻڽƫִеķЩʵҲ֮Ϊ졢֮ĸִڣϷʯڣʬˡ֮
ݰͰͣһϣһͻȻվָӲʵ㣬˭ô֪ǰ̵
üͷżǰߵļգЩԥˡ
֮ĸ֣ټϼʮ졢졢֮ǿߣôһȺ˻ǣҲΣ
ʱ򣬼ɫãȻ֪ٵվһһĹȥЩΪˡ
ԥʱһɳɷͻȻӼϱѪɫ⣬СðݳаУɫãȻȴɷ죬СѪɫļգԵࡣ
Ű֮ʿѾȫվɫƵشǶˡ
ͻȻɫȻһ䣬ͬʱ˼˼գ˺ü룬ŲߴﹾĽ̸
һһ򡰸ʬͻȻָżֱϲ񣬴򻰷ԸЩʯŵʿ
һеʿһȷ˷Ͷſɳʯ棬ߴﹾضżսк
졢ذһĪֵżǰߵļգ׼ΡһĴͣһżա
ϣǲĦ̵ˣЩ̵ˣܹˡһذұ죬Ц˵
ĮȻ˵ͷ߲뿪һ
ԽһͶصİ̵Ľͽֱһۼڣæȥ
ϡʬһ죬Ǹ˵ġʬֻܽǲ׼
̧ͷһۣ䵭Ҫһϼա
ϡʬˣߴﹾ򻰽̸ʲôִ
һǸϡʬææؽͣǵʥأ˾ԲȻǳҪҪǽ᲻һд۵ĶԸ㣡
һ£ƺµʲôָżռ˵ǣǲẦǰ̵ϣǾԲẦ
һġʬҲصͷ
쿴˿ˣգһ£˵ͷת˵ذԡ
ʱ򣬼һͷһ̵ĹС


114 崫
졢ذҡ׼Ρĸˣһͣһ׳۵ǰ棬ЩͶصİ̵ĽͽȼսȥԺŸȫվǰڷֹðȻ롣
ϣ°ɣذѹЩġ
׼Ρһ죬֪֮ԸǣȫΪյԵʣҪǼʲô飬᲻ỹǾͺ˵ˡ
üͷҡҡͷҪա
ذҲٶ˵ʲôڹǰŹʱҲûʲôð취ֻܹĬĬȺϣļղʲô顣

ڹ棬ãȻȴƺԹΪϤ̨һ·ȥ;̵Ľͽһڴ˷ܣƺĶҪһ
Ű֮ġʬ֪ʲôʱһһҵվڼ󣬺һһ
һСɽһߣ۵ʯ죬һֱСʱղߵ
һ޴ʯţǰ
֮ġʬȻʯǰͣŵżգƺڴʲô
һҲʯǰͣ£ɫãȻ߽һ֣ᰴʯ档
һ㲨ƣһʯ档
ԭ⻬羵ʯţвƵĻ֮£ͻȻһߣ۸ӵ߽һ·ͼߡʬ۾ͻȻСȵĲԵޱ˷ܡ
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ʯŻ򿪣һİֳͨһɫĹ㣬һͨƮƵƵǰ
һ̤İͨһȥʯֻˡ
̵ġʬؿżս̴ǧʥأͻȻߵͷʯų׷֮˶ûվ

ʯԺһֱ˫۵ļգͻȻ˫
ãɫδʾǲŴξѣЩȷضƺ֪Լʲôط
İͨȻǼ䣬һΰĵӳͷ¹ˮ̣ǹڡ
ȻһϤСԪ鲻ʹݳԪһЩƮڵڵɫ㣬ͻȻ鳲һԪ鵱У˲ڽ档
ڵǽϣһĻһӻ˹ڹѶִ£ЩĻƮȻ衣
ԪڵƮƮһΪѶͼǰתһȦͼһ˿ǱԪʯ䣬ΪһĹȻû뼧Ժ
Ǽ䣬ڼԺжһͼһͼһܣһΣյ͵سӯڿУ翵ǳһʶϢǸܻõĹ켣ת
·һ˲䣬ԺеһвϵƮƶһޱĸо

ոշԪ飬»صСһӴȻԪͷų
ǽͼߵƶһһӳԺÿһͼӳԺУǱǽͼһͣ˲Ϊ
һޱȾ޴Χǽϵʮ֣ɨһͼԺǳһ֣ǽϵͼȫӳԺ֮󣬱ޱȵĵãһ
֨
ʱŵĵʯţһδˡ
ʯǰ̵İʿɵͷǶʯų׿֮˲һϲضżգ򻰡ߴﹾࡱ˷ܴУҲסĿͷʲô
˭Ϊʲôߵ򡰸ʬǰüͷһɻʵ
̵İʿ㵣Ǹ˵ġʬһ֮ӲͣǰһĽʥУѾǰ̵İ崫УӽǶΪ
һĪô£˵һ㡣
䣡䣡
ʱ洫ֵײ̵ġʬɫһ䣬һۣҴҵһʯſȥ
ֻһ£Ҳϸ˳ȥΪѾذҵĺ
棬һȣɫŮӣһɵĳۣһѱƴسذҹ
ŮļΪޣʮͣɫǣһۣҪݽȥƵġһͷ㷢ٲһ㴹䣬ظͦɽһĶǣ˫ȱֱ޳֮˺ѿܡ
ᣬȴ֮ʹһ˵αĳһ˫ͷһš
ذһĺ֮ƺԸ¶֣һЦŲϵܡ
ΧЩ̵ĽͽһŮȴţߺţذҺηؿ񹥡
һĮ׼Ρվһûгֻ֣ԱһЩ̵Ľͽƺھǧ֡
Ǹ֮Ůˣֻ֮Ϊ֮ذңʹȫҲռݲ˱ˡ
ԱЩ̵ĽͽһʼذҲû˺˼ȥҲûذһƣҲٶະˣֻԱСĵעš
Ű֮һϡʬվǰ򻰴ǳһ䡣
Ǹ޵ŮˣϡʬһȣЩ鲻Ըطָ֣ذǸϡʬУʲô
£һֱĮȻ죬һմ˳򼧳գʵգû°ɣ󣬿˶ǡܹ
Цҡҡͷյû£ֻǲ֪⾿ôһ¡ͷذңʵذ壬ô£Ϊʲô֣
ذЩΣͷЦŮ˸ոմҿҲͶ࿴˼۰ˣϵͻȻһҳ֣һĪġ
̫ˣɫħҪڳǸŮˣȻöͷɨذһۣ
Ǹϡʬܶ࣬һ㶼ɬ
գɣվ棬Щ͵˵һ䡣
˵ͷҲû룬ʹ̨ȥ
̵ϡʬͻȻһżմ򻰿ధƺҪ뿪Ƶġ
Щ̵Ľͽһ϶ȫһֵ̿عǸոնذ׷ɱŮˣʲô黹ûŪ£ҲϹ
̣̹ɭϣ˵Ҵ


115 
棬һذ̵Ľͽ֮ĳϴͷ£ֻҪǰ̵Ľͽû˸Ҽվš
졢ذˣҲһɵˣȻоڵԪͰЩϵȴû뵽Щ̵Ľͽǰһȫ¡
׼ΡСѾͷȵſڣЩ֪롣
ǣǸʲôЦæʾͣұͲˣҶûŪΪʲôһطǹʲô˼
գǸ뿪Ժ󣬵ҹʱĪؽһľ磬Ȼͱ۾һֱߵߣڵԪλ̵ĳڡذ͡
ոʥڣǲǼסǽͼЩͼһǰ̵Ľ壬һǰؾؼֻǰ̵Ľܹõİ崫УõˣǿǧνǸ̵ĳϣܵؽе
νһ£˼˵ǸеǽϣƺȷܶͼһЩϵ֡Ҹ֪ЩͼʲôҲϵЩ֣ѵͼ֣ǵİ崫У
˻һ̵ĳ˷ͨôһȷĴʥеõ˰崫У۰Ͱ͵żæͷ˷ܵһߴﹾࡣ
ͣ˸ƣüͷˣԶҲûȤǵνڵԪҲеģҪа취ȡߣһ㲻⣬УЩҴסͼ֣Ҳдǣ
ԪôãڴĳͬʱҲЩһʱ䣬ܹĲԪڷĳֱ仯ֱ仯ղ˵ģǳļ¡
Ԫڣȴһ㶼˽⣬Ҳܹƿأ˵һ¡
ڰ̵Щνͼ֣ʿؾؼʲôһͼ֣һȤûС֮İ̵ĳϣټô졢ĸ֣ôһطڣҲûһʤ㣬ΪˣŻд顣
ЩȫڽǾȾָϡʬһشУҪ㣬Ҫ㣬㲻ǣ
λ˵˵ôһ°ɡ£Щˣһ
쿪ˣյҲûмŶ˵ʲôҲǸϣʵôһ£ڵԪ飬ǲǰ̵鱦
Ǹ̵ĳϼæͷǣǵģǰ̴ഫ鱦ܹۼԪԽԪ飬û뵽䵽ϣҲԪ顣һֱԪˣᵱ֮Ϊǰ̵ĽǴĹأ
Ԫǰ̵ҲǿʥصԿףֻӵԪˣܹʥصõǰ̵İ崫Сǧ꣬һûгԪ飬ֻǵõһĴУֻŹ֮Ȼ󾳽Ҳûܹͻơ
õԪ֮ǰѾʧ̫ʱ䣬˵棬ǰ̵ʮ֮İ塣һھŹ֮һֱûͻƣұҲûܹҵԪ飬ȷԪ鲻̫飬ϣܹ޾̫ѰԪټ
Ȼ֪ʲôԭε̫֮󣬾ҲûܹǹдŸգǧδ飬һ˲⡣ǰ̵Ľ̹棬ֻеõһνУ߳ԪˣһεĽ
һ겻飬ԪѾʧ٣ǰôʼմ״̬ǰİ崫ҲʧˡԪֵõʥصİ崫У˵֮ǰ̵һ˵ϣܹǣ
õİ崫У㴫ǣԪѳһֻ֣Ҫǰ̵ؼԪֻΪԪܹۼԪ֮⣬ܹۼǰеؼԪã
̵ĳϣǰҴҵؽһ˵˳󼧳
ôһ˵һʱˣûϵԪô󣬾Ȼ˰̴ഫʥˣ˵ǰ̵Ľ˰̵Ρ
˺ܾãղŵ˵ͷŹڵصļˣǲǲôѣǶὫҵ̵Ľ
æͷ
ǲûа취ԪȡǲĶûк
ǣǡ
˵ĻǲǶ
ȻȻ
Ǻáյ˵ͷǸӦô˰̣ܼģҵһѡǣǼסҪоԵɣҵʲôطǶܲʲô飬ǿ˺ϵ
Ҫ˰̣Ҫ֮ǰʧһЩʿؼдѾһ֣Ҫѧϰǰ̵ֻ֣жǰ̵֣лĽ壬ܹǡǸһϲǲɣǵĸңĽ̻塣
ңһ㶣ҵʲôطǶţȥأ
ȥʲôطǶţǸϿ϶
ԣûȼջشһ
ذһϲ治ϵسʾ⣬ʾ
Щ̵ȻŹֵģǽڲ֣Ǵ˵ؽڵʵͱһЩ嶼Ҫǿˣ֮ĸ֣ʮ֮ʿ졢֮ĸࡣ
ǻûеõ̰崫Уһǵõνİ崫УʵǸǿôһУռֱһ죬ذ˺²Ӧɵˡ
һɫһ࣬Ȼ֪˼ԼһֱôһȺŹֵˣܾЩ̫졢ذ˵ʾ֮£ЩΣֻܹӲͷƤӦУܹ̫ˣ˰ɣֻܹˡ
ãӦ˷ָ֮ܵġʬָָǸŮˣԸˣңһŽ
аһűɫŮ̧ͷļһۣЩ죬ȴ˳ӵصͷ


116 
ûڰ̵̫ãպ̵ĳϴЭԺҪ뿪
̵ĳϣŰ֮ΪжýĽľޣýĽͼһ뿪ľޣΪԺͼͨ
ľ֮⣬ɡֵܣ˶֮ʵһǰŮˣǰһĽܳ޵֮ϣΪ̵ĳϡ
ľ޿м֪ĸĦɱڰСʱͱĦ̵˵һλʥŮѡ˿ĦѡʥŮķʽȽϲпᣬһŮгΪʥŮǱʣͻὫȫɱ
ΪĦ̿еĵһλʥŮѡˣ˱ɱ֮ӦñӵĦʥɽѵ;ʱľǡٳɽĦ̽ͽľ޳ֽЩȫɱѰ
Ħſ̹ĵĺޣľ޴µʿ壬ɿ죬ûþͳĦ̵һУŰ̵һЩͽĴĦս
Ħ̵ĺڰ֮ӣ֮ҪðԶΪū֣Ħ̵ĺڰ֮ӲûдӰֵʲôˣһΡ
򣬰Щŷ̵Ϊ֮òѾĦŷ̫йÿһĦ̵ʥŮΪ̫֮ĦµʥŮ֮󣬰Ϊ޵ʻ
ʻ󣬼˶֪Ǳȷ޶֮⣬ΪǵݡһĦ̵һʥŮһǰܳ֡
Ħ̡ǧ꣬ΪӰɣһ֣ȻĿġĦ̴źڰĺڰ֮ӣݱȽУֻмһʿ֪ĴڣһϰԶ֪
ľޡɡ̵ˣżһ뿪˰̵ľ޶԰̵ĽָƣΪղ̵Ļ壬ͨĻͼչͨûһ谭̵ְ̼ʥǽ֣м򵥵򻰡
ɡֵܣǱ̵ʿɳģಽظżգֻҪգǽԥسǰ档
뿪˽ͼĹһΣȷпܾͽץذҲ˷ܵزסذʾʾһðײá
ذɵع֮һ䡰֮Ѱδϣ˩ϡ
׼ΡǡԱذҵ֮ٿذҵĿǱģذƤ񣬺Ϊ⣬׼ΡСѾͷ棬ʾӦøӴһ㣬׼ΡСѾͷҲҪŹ
Ż׼Ρᣬһʱöҿգذҵ飬ԴĳʱͻȻ֡
ҹ¹¡
šһ֦ɳϹһͼΪԱߵļսͣЩҪסǰ̵ַǳϣֶǸǰ̵ֶ
΢΢üһ˫ɫǣƮݣĵƣ̲סҪһ㡣İȱعͣ߱¶ʱʱܻܵӰ졣
ֵ٣ôȻֻҪ˶ٶܵһЩӰ죬ȻҲ⡣Щذʱʱߴ磬ñ־ᶨҲЩԲʱͻȻ
ˣһ䣬еĿ̧֦ͷѵ⼸ԽԽˣЩ˵ȥɲСǰ̵ֺͽ壬ЩµؾؼͲܹᣬΪǰ̵δϣܹרһ㡣
󵨣Զľ޵ͺһϸʬõصŰǳסݣڽǰֻķݶûָֻŵʸ񣡡
֪ˡƺǳϸʬ鲻Ըصͷ˵֪ˣʦ
ľޣһ¡ЦЦϸʬ˻֣ľһߵ֮ڵϵĿ֦Ļɳ滭ĺ⣬ңûһأȴһƹͼ
ʥصʱԪ仯ţǽ潫һƹͼӡԺСƹͼԺһΣҵϷ˱仯ʼѭƹͼĹ켣ת⼸ҽо仯ľޣ֪һͼкκ壿ֺͣ󣬼üͷľޡ
Щһǳ״̬Ҳĳֱ仯ǿ򲻶ϵƶšӦΧʱһ˲٣ƺһЩãһʱ仹ûзӦ
ǰ̶еһʿؼֻÿһĽܹ¼Ԫӳؼ಻רؼȴΪǰ̵רؼ޳֮꽫ֲ˼ãԪӾˣ
ľ˷ˣһûл˵޵£֪ȥδܹԤ֪סû뵽ѳ״̵ĸˣ
һؼɫһϲ֪ؼΪϡٺû뵽̻ôһʿؼ
ϲ޳֮󣬽ͿԪˡľĵϲ
ɫشżգƺûϵĪسֵĽĵõ˰İ崫С
Ӧʵ
һΣֻҪƹ켣תʶԼһ£ˡһҪõʥصİ崫УѾʥӡǣÿʱÿ̶֮켣ľ޽͡
ܺáպ⣬ʾľްȻŰԸҰ̵Ĺ֡
Ժγ֮һİ巨Ҳ֮ӡ֪ùؼӦöһΰ巨棬붮ð̵Ĺ֣ܹ֪ܹ꣬Ԫ๵ͨ
һʱ䣬ƽϢҲܰɫӰ죬ȫͶѧϰ̵Ĺֺͽ嵱Уأ԰̵Ľ˽ʶ


117 ҫ
̵Ľ˽ܣҲ̸Щ翵ֻںԼ˼һĿԼ
һ˽Ľɣ
顢ֻҪ֮򣬲ƶ񣬶ȥҪΪԼΪԼ˽ΪֻҪԼھͺá
ÿ˶˽ƽ˵̵Ľʵ̫׽ˣǸ˻ƽ̣ζΪԼ˽ҵһĽڣ
ڼ̹ΪаһҲΪȫΪĽҲһǴֻ̫һЩ
ͨľ޵Ľ̵̽ľԺ԰̱һЩ۾᲻ʲôȤˣľٽʱֻġ
Ӱ뿪һ·ȥĿȻ½
һΡΰĳǳأңңУһųɳĮУȫɫʯɳɡ
һȥͷشأˮò֡
ǰһǳأԶԶվڳǣǣսվȵʵ
Ħҫǣֳ̫֮ǣڶСģóеءԺؽܣҫǱκһǳضҪ¼ƷܹҫǼ˿񡢲Ҷı顢ȪĵƤʯбĹҫǶӦоС
ǲ˵һֱҫǣüͷһ壬һɵľޣȻʵľޣĦҺĦڳĦܹ֮ΪһңҲΪĦڰ㲻ҷҫǲǱоģ
ľ޻Ȼ£ߺˡĵ·ܶ࣬һ·õһҫȻĦأҫȲֹ˽룬ʵҫǸһľۼأҲǰ̵ͽǴǰʲô⣬ĺˡ
ľޣںͻȻǰһһ˫ĮȻ䵽ľϡ
ڵϵľɫ΢䣬ԥһ£ż˵֮ѡһ·ʵȷЩԭǰ̽λÿ˶꣬ǺܶĽͽһֱиΣϣܹһλ
ҫǼģҲǰһɾݵ㣬ɢطĽͽǶϢǰ֮ǰǽ½ֵϢɢȥˣۼͽȺлհһ½ݡ
ǰ̳̫ʱˣᣬҪһδۻᡣҪʲôֻҪǶչһԪ֪ѽʥصİ崫оˡ
ĳ֣ἫЩͽģЩ̵սʿϵͽǻºɨķ̵Ĺ¡
ľͷ­أſڼսֵ͡ܣҲһǰ˲ȴһģ
˰ڳôһ̬Ȼɫһ̫ÿȴҲǿˣ˵飬Ժǰҹͨ׼šһ£պߵҲǲͨˣȺ˵Ҳһ
졢ذըȷ˽һɿȽͽе뷨ҫǻЩɢİ̵ҪʿģΌܡ
Ժһע⣬šľ޹
ˣǽǰɡ
ܿʶ˰Ӱɴס֮ϣľ޵Ĵûнκ̲飬ȻֱӾͽҫǡ󣬲ʲôطˣһ飬ȷݲ̫֮Ż׼ǡ
سǵһλǰ̵ˣΪǷַͨƣֻҪɭϵʱֳͨƣҪκμ鶼Խҫǡ֮󣬰ڽһ䡣
ҫǵȷǳ󣬳ڵ·۸ӣȻһֽɽְĴ·ϵĸˣˡˡˡˡˣָԲͬʿҫǵĽֵ洩󣬱˴ల¡
һӶĦʿվ䵶һСεάҫǵΰһʲôطǾͻϸȥֹ
ҫһаԵĳУܺ˵ƢйأǲĹҵǰҫǣ෴ǻǳӭԸصʿǺһֱսˣֻҪڽսҲǰҫǡ
ҫԺľʼһԲһصӣֵܾʯͷӲῪڽˣֻаպ棬ѹΪҫǵ
ҫȻ䷱ɰľ޵ȴûй£ԼĿ꣬ڴ۸ӵĵ·ϴߣֱŰľݵȥ
ľһաҲףһɴס˸ǵò졢ذҾشܣʱʱСһ׼Ρһ棬·һֱߴߴص˵ûûˣĽЦ
òҪ̸ˣǺڰָ֮ҪˣҪǱ˷ˣ಻Ҫ鷳ɨ׼ΡһۣҫǣĦ̵֮󳬺ǵ󣬲ٱץȥĻǾʵһ㡣
ߣƨ£׼βһ߷ȻԵ޹ʱŮ˽ѵ׼κǲˬ֪ΪʲôǿˬŮ˹Ź֣е㲻̫
㣬СһɣҪǱĦ̵˷ˣ̫ΣˡȽϵģᳶ˳׼ε½ǣӵ
£µġ׼οοһ䣬һģŰڿ㲻ǱΪ֮ӦٽŶԣ򣬾գ۾ӦҲĦ̵עɣ
ƺ̫Ը׼Σƣֱӵͷٿ
ʱһַ̽Уľ˽ŲŻֱ̽ߴȥ˵ľٶкǲ⣬ɻһ·˽ȥ
һҳӻ̣·ʳ鱦鼮߰ĶЩΪ򣬳ǰʮ䷿ڡ
ľޡ˾ֱȥǶĻ򻰸ַľơֱӣֱ
𺣬Ŀ⾯ض˿֮ɫһϲ
˵ͷûж˵ʲôһֱ˽ȥ
һ䱸ɭϵ·ڣɫ·ľһ˽Щɫ·¶һֱͨص׵İͨ
·һ˽ȥľ޲ҾãԼյ롣


118 
ӰĦ̣ŷ̵˶಻ҫǵʱ򣬼վʶ˰ҫĴ󣬲һص׹Ժ̵֪ж
ҫΪĦҪһǳأĦ̶ҫǵƿνܣȻôһĦ̽ͽеĳǳڣ̾Ȼڳֵķشڵصӵһص׹
ͨһֱ뼸ʮɣڰĴǽһ޴ʯ룬ʯڳʻһɫһЩ̵ͼ
ʯа̵Ľͽغ򣬰һЩʯеİ̵Ľͽһʺá
Щ̵ĽͽȽᣬʮģϲüա˵ƺľҲʶãֻ԰һ˹
ʱûЩͨڽܼաľ޵ݣֻԸǣǻ˹
ǰ̺ܶǰһ̵ַֽһֱڵصףһЩĳԱ⣬ͨҲ֪طĴڡǺĦս꣬طһֱûб¶ֻ˵Ľڻᱻ͵һЩҪľۻᣬҲС
ǰ֮ǰеһЩҪۻᣬаͼϹ֣һЩͽϵҡһԸҪͽֻҪԪͷһͿԡľ͡
˵ͷûж˵ʲôڰʾ£ʯһֱ˶Ľ֮ϣľ޶ڳϯϣվԡ
Ǽλ뵽һԵķʱЪϢһǽڲ飬ǲǰ̵ˣܹ͡
ûм֣֪ЩϵĽɽ̹ɭϣһ˽ѾǷǳˣͷûж˵ʲôڰʾ£һԶİ̵Ľͽӭ졢ذҡ׼Ρ˴Աߵͨڡ
һ̵ĵص׹󣬸ָķʯϰٸĵʯҸӾ޴󣬼Ŀһۣվϼһ㶼⡣
𵶵ڽ֮λϣҲЩװ򶨣ʯһӰ
졢졢֮ʿʯ룬ֱʱʶܹĦ̿ȷԭϵʿɣ֮˾̾
ֻһ֮ʮ졢֮ĸĬĬۼʯ룬һĿ˸˸شеɫ죬еɫЩĮм
̹̽ɭϣձʵͶ԰̵ĹףͽҲΪ֣ϡ̳ʿľޡͼǰ̽λϣ̹󣬵Ҳֻһ̳ûΪ
վʯİ̵ĽͽڸӸλĽͽŻ̳ʿݣǰ̵ΪĴ˽ܳס
ʯվ˽ʮ˺ľ޾򻰽˼䣬ŻݵºʣµÿһڵϣŸ߸ϵļա
ȻŰѧһЩ򻰣˵ЩʲôЩ̵Ľͽľ޶ԴλվǹżȻϲΪЩͽ
յõľ޵ʾ⣬һֱһԲֻǸ߸Ƕľ޽
޺ɡһŻݵͻȻվ֮Ϊһͷ糤ò㣬ֳ˲Ұġ
ƺЩľ޵飬ȻվԺҲûгż⣬ֻǶľޱ⣬һվҲм׷ӭϣͷʾͬ
˭˵Щʲô򻰵ļգüѯվŵİ
аǻĶӣǻ³Ҳǰ̵Ľͽǻŷǰ̣ЩΪǰ˾޴ĹףҪֻ֮һ֮ԳΪǰ̵λϡ
ǻԼŷǰ̣ļҲһỵ̂ΪĶӣ޵̹֮׼ԳΨһһ䲻ʮĻ
ո˵ǰ̵Ľ˵Σʦĸ̣˵ûʸΪǰ̵ĽӦýڵԪõʥصõİ崫֮󣬾ֱӰɱˣȻԪЩѡѹ˵
˵˽衣յ˵ͷȴ絶䵽ǻڴµİϡ


119 ǿȨ
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ĸǻ³ڶУ³ǰǿң³ǿ׳ҺĦаңǻỤ̋³ĴҲŷ̡
ǻ˶԰̵Ĺ׺ܴ󣬰Ϊǻܳһӣδ³ľ޶Ҳ̫ľ޵ĸԣҶ飬ͶֽƷˡ
վڼյԱߣ˵һ飬Ҫûк졢ذ̸а˳飬˵ܸģǾһǽ̷ˡ
ʱ󹾹һֱ˵ûûˣܲʹˡ
ȡһĿ䣬ڰϣ㵽ôҿ˼ǲ̵½ٺ٣ҪܣҵҲλֻͣҪܹʥԪ鳼㡣
㸺롣һ󣬼ƳԵİһۣȻԸ
˵ͷŰ򻰽յ˵һ顣
Ȱˣﱩףһ׺ݵضżգһ󺰴С
˵㲻ΪµĽ˵㲻ˣʵҲ̫΢ˣûʸʤĦ̡ɫŹ֣ôʣһЩ˵Ļ˵
Ӱ̬ϣոҿ϶˵˲໰ô죬һΪһЩ̫
ľָŰһǳ⣬Ȼ壬ֻشżա
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ﲻһŨҵɳ֮Ѿͷųͫһ䣬ǳʥް׻Ŀײб壬ɱȻ
䣡
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ƷǣͣХֻʣǳײҰԣһһ㣬򼧳ա
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ڵģӦûʲôȴõĽŶ԰
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120 
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죬죬һֱҫһ̵ĵص׹ľ޵˵жķʽġ

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ȻʹõĲǱһӵĸо˷ǳ죬ۿƽһŵĸ֣ξ׾֮£ɹӴܣ;׷ȷû
̫¼ɳбе׼ȷѰʯ׷ɡɳеĵ֣Ȼ׾ξϡ
ۣһ깥ȥҽУӦʱֻĳֹֻһΧʮʵ߳ʿһ˱ȵǱ
Ӧñֵܣһɵˣ˺һŷӦذҡһսȦԸЩΧߡ
ڼԣʯмͻɳһ˸Χ״ֵ֮ܿһʼ᲻ֵҵɱһͨԺ󣬲ŷּһ㲻ΧӰ졣
෴ޱȻҵˮÿһֱؽԽ谭ֱӺһϣЩҳӰ죬ֱֵܼš
ͷϣֳ֣֮һӦڰ֮ķ̽ˣһħ֮չ¶ɣͬΪ֮ںڰ֮ķ˵ĺ£һ㲻԰ܼܹʱʱرƵĺڰ֮ķ̽ܡ
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̵ؼȻ֮ľ޾һӰƮƶţûһӰŽսʱӳľ޻ûӰԽԽ࣬һѾ˽ٵľ޵Ӱӡ
ľ޻ûӰÿһ˶һΧٵشţϾȻĲǼգȻЩֲ嵽һʵһ顣
ֻܹڷ֮أʼնûвȡķʽӦʶľ޵һʳ˵ľ޴󻨶Ԫ۶ɣΧųǴһĺεصסľ޵Ĺ
սһ죬Ͼͱòпἤ
ȺУ۵Ĳ죬ҲǱȵֻвȡʩľޣһʼ˵ļա
ѪԪֻ֮һչֳʵȫǿ󣬱˲ĿĿֲУܱߵΧΪ֣ЩĦ̵Ľͽһֻ˱ܡ
СƨǺڰ֮ӣٺ٣ҵҪʲô֮䲻أճںڰ֮ԣһɫ׶Ȼӿڰ֮ӡ
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Скϵ֮ɫѾӰڣ۵С䲻أۼյĹϮǳһڰ֮ԴͻȻʼԵĹ
Ǽ䣬ĵشһİȥֻһ˲䣬СкһͳһԺڰشҲһ˿һĹеĹԴһǶϾͱڰûˡ
׾֮ױγɵĲһһƬҲǱ޾ĺڰ֮УͻȻʧӰ١
΢ŵ׺ֲָĺڰ֮˼һ˿˿׹꼻һְҫһ£̻һ
һƺߴǺڰ֮𣬾ԺڰʧǹŵѪĺڰ֮ӣһԹżգɱ㣡̣ؽԶʧ
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ΧƵĲ㻨ʻͻȻѸٵ㣬еûЦݣֽǣ򻰸ߺһȻת˲ʧ
ں콻ֵĺڰ֮ķ̵Ľһ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬˽һͻȻͬʱ˿
죬ʱŹ㣬һμʱ򣬾ڣڰ֮ͺһķ̵Ľһ˱ܣһ⾰Ħ̵ĽͽߵĹ⣬ЩҫǵʿֵżһˣҲ׷׳ȥ
졢ľͬʱߵԣľżգȻôǿʵôܣ
뿪ɣʲôȻص˵ոôǰݲȵ죬ȫ֮󷴶ߴſߡ
ϣڼʲôЩһȫˡذЦ
ڰ֮ߣؽȥ棬һܵСüͷ
˻һľɫҲȻһ䣬æͷڰ֮ˣùܣҲҪάһĦ̵ˡԼǣǱ뾡뿪򣬷һϣ˭ҲѲ
졢ľ˴ɹʶ˶ûʲôϻһ˼Ҵҳҫǣķȥ


124 
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һ޴ʯ棬ϥţԱľޡ̸ֵܵذЦţڶ׼ΡСѾͷɮ붨һ㴹ͷ֪Щʲô
ҫֻһհҹĹ⾰֮Իô죬Ϊżգذץ׼ΡᣬľŰֵһշС
Ħ̵ʥĸ֮Ϊ첻µزµħҪâľ޵˸֪Ŀ£Żһٸ·ȫжһ·СһҹʱΡ
ӾǳЦԱߵ졣
̧ͷԳһ˿ڴ
˵ͷһ죺ͻƵ֮ˡ
һûϣһοĵЦͻȻָԶĶżңżңߴ֮һһطӦǼҵأȴżҰռ꣡㸸סĸ׶ڶżУΪһԯνǼҵһУ
ľޡţذ˷ܣЦգǴˣӽ̨֮һءߴ塢ʿɲ£ϺͰ̵ĸ֧֣Ǽбؽ£
׼ΡСѾͷذôһ˵ؾ죬׼С˵ߣҿߴ壡
㣡ᳶ˳½ǣҲС˵ǲӦúǸˣ
𼱣ʲôǶˣأҶǶֵûǿû¡׼գգۣʾ
ĸ֮ԵѪϴվԶĶżңŤͷľޣľޣǸңǲǲʲô飬Ƕ
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ܺãֻҪʵʵ㹻ʱұؽطΪֻعľôһ֤Ժ󣬼յһɽűȥ
һԲں棬ľޡֵܣΨհҲĬĬظš
СѾͷصˣǻԼȥذûм뿪üͷ²׼ᣬ棺ǼȻ׼ҵˣòҪ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪ룬Щ鷳Գеġ
ܡ׼ΰͷ˵
ЦһذûжȰ˵˵ͷ󲽸ϼգûܿ첽׼Ρᡣ

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һƬ򣬳պյĶż֮⣬⻹ңڷֱΪڡͬԴڡڣΪѦҡлҡ
Ԩż֮ǿôһֱΨżհҲֶԸ죬ͼһޡ
һƵɽУٻţлҾ;סһɽȵС
ƽֵлңԵ࣬ɽֻһЩлҵϵæµˡ
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лԶɷǣһʮˣżҡл֮䣬ƽϵĵЦѾʧȡ֮ǳüչ
һл֮׸УҲ֮²ǿѣ죬һֱųޣһǰż̫ԸʱҲû룬ʹżָ˹ȥ
ȻذΧȴΪֵļգȻչ¶ľսĿֲʵлԶһκˣ֮ϰŶʱ뿪лңǳˡ
ˣմ졢ľ޵˳лɽȵʱлԶر⡣
лԶһ̰ˣǵľһֵʱ򣬻ˣûɽκһˣʩչ۷֮һеżҵķǱӡ
ģĺӣͻȻɽԳ졢סɫâһͷлԶ
ֵȸ׻乵ͨ쾫޻𡢽ˮֵ֮ܲɼ𡢽ʯˮĸȵϡȱϣԱѪĴָϸߣÿһ˱֯һ
ֵͨǱֿ֯һµһžͬΪֵ֮ԾӭУֲͬӦܹͷųϵ
۷֮лԶȻܹƿѣӲڣôҲ޷ֵѡ
պ첻ؿлԶľޡңңлԶ
ҵڲվлԶǰֱֱʵ


125 һң
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лϵͱлԶŵĵطˣɽڵĶлҪлԶͷһɽȣֿ˿ա졢ľޣƺ
죿ˣĶˣлԶЦָУɱֳлҸԸңҾˣҲұ𣡡
졢ľ֮ǿڣԱ߻ֵܺذңлԶ֪һȵ죬ΪһŮɱôˣȥģѵͲ
鵭ĮΪлԶĻֻлԶ
գʲʲôһƺһ׼ˡذҡҡͷЩΡ
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ǣ˰ɡҡҡͷ
ľ˸ֹĶֵ˲ͣ£ЩлĴݡ
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߰ɣһңճһһ䡣

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лҵ˿ʼηǴɱ䣬׷ǷּһֻΪȡлԶǲûȤԺЩлַ׷ػɽȣСſʼлµĲƸ
ΪԨ֮һлҲһΪʿɣ˵лԶֱϵ뿪ʱ˼鱦ڻһЩûȫߣЩлҵûһΪлԶ𣬵һʼ
׼Ρ߽ɽȵʱֻмһѪ߰ߣ֫ϱɢǶЩƽлòĹˣֻŷлҲƸȻûһ˽лԶʬᡣ
Ļ찡׼ξһ˵Ԩһƽˣ졢ľ˶Ű֮ذҡĸ֮ǿߣټǼһһΣżΣˣ
㣬лԶʬ˰ɣǾͲˡ
ţһҲãһֱżңͲùܱļˡЩˡ¶һˡ׼ɫһ̾ϢҲǵģ֮ĶԹͷ۵ģ׼ûе⼸񡣡
׼ΡˣֽлԶʬɽڣһۻΪлҲƸֵˣŴҴ뿪

ڡͬԴڡѦңҲͬһܺƽ٣ɱЩѪһֶ֮Ըʿûһܹӳ졢ǵΧɱ
ȻҲи֣ϧȴûа֮ǿ졢ľԶǵǿУܵϣᣬһնڼ塢ڡ
ͬûдɱ䣬һеˣļ֮ܣûгնݳɺޣֻɱɱ֮ˣ
ףʴȻΪ»£ֻġ
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żһɽɽɽֲïܣʯ״
ȻϢɽһɽϣİƮʹɾ
ʦڣλʲôԸңʦԻһʮ߰ŮһɫȹӣǼ˹󣬲ȼڣк
Ůһ̣⻷ΪгһĸоڵһŮˣϲӣյͽܴҲŮӡ
վһǰձĿȻһͷ΢Цʦںδ
ܶż̫ȥżˣѾкüûлˡŮڴһ䣬룺λҪȵȱ裬ʦ˵ҪʵڵȲҲȥż
лͲˡҡҡͷձظǣת߳

һһ뿪ŮɫȻһ䣬æһ񷿣ҧָһ伸Ѫ
Ѫ䵽ϣǹ羵ĻȻԳһģӰ
Сô£еӰæʵ
ʦ˹һӦþ˵죬֮⣬һʮ꣬òݲӦãӦþ˵Ǹңˡ
⣬˭еӰӼС
һδ󺺣ͷмģˣ˵ʱڣǾûж˵ӦȥżˡŮ
֪ˡеӰһ૵úãǲ
һ仰º󣬻еӰͻȻʧ٣ֻʣһСƬɰͰ͵Ѫ

գŮ졣뿪֮ذü˵һ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷŮӦ֪ǵݣ϶ȱԸˡһȺƲƣȴֵôȻûӣûдǳ⣬һ֪ԶԶǵĶ֡
ôһͣЩؿһۣ˵ͷգԽԽù۲ˣֻϸĽԺܹռ
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ȥˣ֪ˡüԶԶ˶żҵķλһۣżҡ

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ˡѩΣһص
ˣСڲڣϲƺѾڵȺʱˡ
ӦڡѩݵͷȻһ̾ûеһ϶żңӦǴΧһˣ룬⼸ңѾˡ
ѩݣǽö֪꣬ĽڷǼˣǵɽѡֻҪһСˣԺԨһƬǶżҺǰڵˡЦеžѩݡ
лϽȫѩһϲл


126 
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һûҹŨҹɫһĺĻеĹסˣûз磬ؼһȻɱѹ˼
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Ӱӷ·ҹɫΪһ壬ïܵĴУشŽߵضżҺԺյ͵ڶżҼţӰ㿣ȴûһ
һذЩܲסѿİŹͷѹ˵ϣе㲻̫ԾڵСѾͷȻ֪ǵݣӦýϢųȥˣѩڶżңżҲܲ׼
һ£ذ裺ҾðЩͷˡ
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컹һ̩ɽ붥ҲɫģذһŲؿ˿գգô
żаţȻЩ˿ϵĲϢڶżϿաͬżҺû뿪ٸ˻ڶż棬֪ǻȴûаŶżҵֱϵ뿪ӦܹԸǡճһ£ųڡ
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תȥԽľޡԺ󣬲˵߰ɣǼľޣǿҲֲˡ
ȻǳҪżұѩޣǼȴжϣмΪΣȴòͷ뿪

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ˣôȥˣ춼ıˣ֪Ѷ˵죬Ҫȵӿ£֮ͷת
Ԫڵĳһͷƺǳͬ˵ĻһǸֳγĳһ֪̾壬İҲᴳһǰҺʱӦҲǵĴڣȴӲ˹һΣȴˡ
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ԪҡҡͷһΣ׷ȥкãһγ֮⣬һ֮ĸ֣ϢΪ죬·ߵĻסġ
ɫ䣬ؿŲԪϣǲŪˣ⣬Ϊݣ˭Һһ𣿰֮ɶһǿߣѵǳ¼ҵͷӲˣ
¼ҼҴҵ˾ǰ죬ҲôĿŵġԪҡͷ뿪ķĵ˵ϵϢΪŹ֣ʿ·
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ʲôԪһׯüͷһ壬ǹԪڱ㣬ʲôµģ
ЩΣڨЦŵ˵ͷ治ٶ˵ʲôȴǵǡ
Եȷ뿪Ż᷵عԪڡԪοһ䣬һ£˵ִɱ䣬ǿԹַڵвԽԽȻľǣǳﻮ걸Եħ
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ѪɽˮƹϷһƬ಻ɽشѪɽ
Ѫɽܱߣɽ󴨷࣬ˮ̶أ˵һƬʿɼڶ࣬ѪɽЩո¶ͷǵĺؼңѪɽ档
Ѫɽʿɡܶ࣬γһﻥõˣ־ͽѪˣѪɽڶʿɣЩɶ꿹ʿĲһսƽС
Ѫɽʺıڶ࣬ÿʮ꣬䣬µ޳ɣ˸ʿǰþӣҪѪɽıͱѪ˵Լ
һЩֵأǿһᱻѪͳһţҪǨӵӯأһ׵顣
ѪɽһļŶɽȣɽ̫ŨɽɽţȻļңʱ;סɽȵС
ܹ֮ǨɽȣǶ˺ؼ֮غȻԣѪˣؼҺзغȻңİ¼ҲܹõѪ˵Ͽɣɽ
ڴ˼׵ᣬвɽɽẓ̇ƽĺʯϣˡʤЦݣźغȻ
λϸ磬ѪɽɴϾҪʼˣҲѪ˵һӣʸμѪɽɴᡣһرˣһزŨˣԪʯ󳡳֣ɶһ鱦أһεɴᣬһս
غȻһڲ裬ˡʤһ˷ģ̾һλϸ磬ҺؼȻѪռһϯ֮أȴû취ΪǼֻһ鱦أ鱦ؼȻ֣ؽᱻɵõЩõ±صɽἯǨƣԭڵ֮ͿˣһΪȡǿıء
лһǶ˺ҪǺѪˣż֮˿϶ɽȥ̾
İɣѪɽһƬûǸɸԵ޹ʵضԸǡߣżΪʿǸѪɽ꣬Ѫ˱ػǳԲ˶ߣǺúôصĶżغȻȻ
СյϢʤԥһʵ
غȻɫһҡҡͷʤ¶ʧ飬æοϸİɣйʲôطΣաջʱѾ˶صĺӣһҲһء
ֻҪƽ£ҾͷˡʤһȻ
λϸ׼ѪɽʢἴʼʱһǣҲҪֳӦеʵСҪȻҲغȻ˵˼ĻŴɽ뿪


127 ǧӰ
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գǾֿүүùöѪɽ㲻طɽˡûմϪȪһһЩ顣
˵һЩҪ紦ҪΪһЩԵ飬УҲܹһǰѪɽϾҪˮƹڣֿǡá
ذҲҪ죬һǰѪɽ콻ҪѪɽʲô鷳飬ֱҺغȻغȻһᾡľذ
ҲֻжԴʱ򣬲ŻһĬԵ˱̸һĶĳܻὫ鶼˵¼ջ᲻⡣
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յͷʾ⣬Ц˵İɣѪɽңһľǾͷ¶棬㾡ȥæ飬зִ硣
ôһ˵ŷһӵദҲּսóˣڼʵǿᣬҲû㹻Ща壬üʱؼҡ
졢ذ˽Щ󣬾ûмɽͣˬ뿪
СƹڣӾֻмպľ޼ˣԱߵ׼ΡСѾͷ͵͵شżգ뿪֮СѾͷЦеߣ׼βЦҪȥѪɽˣ׼ҾѪɽߣŶҲҪؼˣһ
սоЦվ˼ش׼ΡἸۣʵصѾûΪˣΪʲôҪң
㲻˵Ѿͷôڲˣ׼Цŵ٩
ôһ˵һ£ȻϵЦݸѰζˣɽȸ־ȹСѾͷºСѾͷ֪ͼںˮͼ
ĿչЦȻôԸҵѾͷʲôӦӵģðǾ͸Һˣɽȸһɲ̫ƽǶȥҪǱһЩĻ°ȥˣһʹļء
׼Ρɫ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻ˾ǰ飬СѾͷƺǸҧгݵĳª󺺣һӳȥ
кٺٹЦѾͷʱģպǿ⣬ֱڣСѾͷȻ֪ӱӳƨɵ˾գҪüеĿ

ɫѰûиʣǣһͨͨùڣաľԲñʻһеĹ֡
ӰԺ󣬼һֱûֹͣѧϰ̵֣ڰϤĽ̵£ɿ죬ʿ֮һ޳ɣѧϰЩԻ÷ǳס
޳ȳҪ࣬ŹĿı죬ձǷǳϻۣЩӵѧϰȡõĳЧǳ
ǧӰǰ̷ǳһʿؼľ޺һսûٵӰһΧζõǡǧӰ
ǧӰʿؼ͹γһӰӰõģȻӵŹһڻּʶľ޵ġǧӰ֮󣬼оʹϰ뷨
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ǧӰؼţԺУһʱѧϰͨĽ̵ŪˡǧӰֵĺ壬ȫ
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ŲľޣɫͻȻЩڴؿ˵ͷ
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лľƤ΢΢͵عǰ
ɡ˸ƣյǧӰһʿؼҲȤ£ҽǧӰǰİϸһ顣
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޷ΪҽǧӰİúýһ顣ֹľ޵Ȱ˵մֵ
ô̫¼ʶ̫¼ĺôôΪľ޵һͷ̫¼
ο̫¼ǿؾһ춼˵ˣ̫¼һڡ֣ԽԪؼһ壬ôһؾ϶
̫¼ûСԲĵӣҲܹϰǧӰԲŻ֡
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¼һЩµĵط׼һǳԵ˵ǣȴͳͳûõ
ǧӰİһЩطʶȻụ̂ľľȣвòϵȷһܹΪš


128 辶
Сԣǲ֪ĻݣһЩ΢СҰá󣬱һӰĻӴܣ֨֨ŭС
أ
һͷصڻУվʱ򣬼ѾͷӲݣͷǶ˸СѣԵǱ
׼ΡںεطЦָԵ٩˵Ȥ
ôҲһֻСסɴµĺ촽ǵһ˫Ц⡣
ֻľһŹ֣ڵضżգһ˼ر顣
ûֽͷϵӲһ£Ҳ׼ΡСѾͷĵЦûȥľһۣӻԺ󣬼üͷ˼ţͷͣǶһ
ιգ㱻ײɵˣôҲὲˣ׼δ򼧳գЦ
ľһĻ꣬Ȼ׼ԣֶ׼˸ƣС㣬벻ҪʱӦһЩǳؼ⡣
׼οɰͷߺߵŲһԸľ޵ӣתᣬֹ
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ֻҪһ뵽ľǺүү׿ͬһȼʿľڰ̵ĳߵλ׼ΡСѾͷͲҷˡ
ֹ׼εĴ֮ľȻվ˼ԲԶһưӰһΪһ壬濴һѷּԻôһ
ʦ˵ǲһֱù֪ʱľԣϵЦ⣬һ˵ӸǳԺʼĬĬšǧӰûǡԲĵӣǶеԪ÷ţǸܹɡǧӰָİ
⣬һʱŬֱǰ׷Ļһ·ȷʵûŵʱʱصڲݴУһͷײڹ棬һͣͻȻŲ׵ȥҪľۼֿ죬Ѿˡ
ţŽһܹгɣĬĬվһԣ򻰼ᶨ˵
˾ȻһͬصͷƺԼճġ
һȻֵڰ̶꣬ʶȻŸ˼ղµʱ䣬ͻȻûɵضôģˡ
壬ΪʲôΪܹ޳ɡǧӰ
ԶԶͣǶһļգࣺǰ֮ʿܹһȺʿƵǱ𣿱˵ȼˣһһιҲôԽģ
һ£˫ƣߣǽȴܣ֮ǰǾԲʿսʤʿģ
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Цһƺ˰Եɣͷľޣϣ˵˵Ԫ˵ǲģ
ʲôЩԣʦԪ黹ʲô˵ѵ˵ĿԽԪߵս
ֵܣҲڴؿľޣƺҲˡ
ڼ˵ڴĿ£ľصص˵ͷ̴˵ԪĽȷԽԪս
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ǣԪĽԪҲܹ߼ѣңÿһԪ֮嶼شʱھԲܹٴԪҪָܳһʱ䣡
ľɫŹ̲֮סԶļһۣЩ˼˵ɽһνԪ֮󣬱ʵߵľԲǿԽȼľ簡֮࣬Ѿܹñˣ
һľٵ⻹ҾȵģҾǽùԪ֮󣬾Ȼûһ㸱ãɻʲô鶼ûУººȻͻƵ֮
˵һ仰ľҲƲסе𾪣ʧ૵˼Ƿ˼ڰ̵ʷϣûгֹֹأ
ľһ˵꣬ľô˼ļգ
˵Ķԣ˻ܹޡԲһҲ˵ءľԥһ£˵Ȼײȴȷˣһˣʮ꣬ҲաǧӰļգôһӡ
ֵһеģǰѾ˸õĿͷ

̵ؾȷʵྶͥʿؾۼԪؿڻߵС̫¼Ȼʵγ̫飬ҪԪǾۼظҪֻùؼʱԪŻͨ֫ٺ
պľһôãϸӦ֮£ľޡֵڵԪһֱɢڻ֫ٺ֮УڵԪǼһģǷɢֻеڵʱ򣬲Żᳯű֫ۼ
һʼۼʱٷɢ֫ǵǽȻͬƽնɢһʱŻۼ
ǧӰһ̵ְؼõʱҪɢԪͨëϸͷųԼ˵һ⣬ΪýۼԻëͷš
⼸һֱڣΪҪѰһֲԲԪͨëͷųķôһʱķʵУ̫֡¼ʿؾԪżΪƿ
һسطͨ㲻һʼԲֻҪȥȥҲһܹģԲʽ
ë׷ԭǻëͷԪԪϣһͨëݳԿԶյͷ
ڸոգһ£ܹԪͨڵëϸݳˡ
Ȼֹͣ˿˼૵ŰաǧӰı仯Ԫ
Ԫ˫ȣͻȻͨëͷųһĸоһӳͷͻȻģһֲʵøС
̤һһƬëһİ·ûһ
Զڵ̸ľޡֵܣһȫϵľôβ


129 ʵط
ظۼԪ˫ȣ͸Ȳë׻ݳǼ䣬°Ȼģ·ȹһ嵭ıɴһ翵ĸо
ÿһӶĲ񻰣Լһ޹ǵһ̣·εһĻ꣬ûһƮƮ
ûǰһͷײϣҲûһӵ䵽ԣٶȲܹľһ⣬±ģ˼ľ޵ϣӰһģᵭ
ǧӰΪֱ仯Ԫ͸ë׻壬ֻһֱ仯һֱ仯޳Ժ˾һĻ꣬ԲźۼؿٵεƮһֲ׽ĸо
һʼǧӰûйֻе˻仯ܹؽԪݳ壬γӰԺ󣬲ſı仯ΪӰϾ˵Ĺ
±ԽԽģظһַ˵ĴٶȴԽԽ죬̤ӲݴУȻû
Զոջܹܲ޳ɡǧӰľ޵ˣۿѳһģѾ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ժľ޲Ȼ̾Ȼ˲ţڲԲ£ܹաǧӰţܹôӰҰ̵ĸˡ
ֵͷ֮İ̵ĸ֣ٿԶļգѴżĵľ⡣
ҽ̵㡮ǧӰʱ˶೤ʱܹ廯ΪӰľƳ˰һۣķʡ
ĵͻȻѪһ㣬ЩΣЩ
ֱһ̣ȲѵسԼ缧գһʵ£ȻԼǰܳꡣ
ˣҪԶԶǿ
ָоһнԼڼΪһһֵǳľɥ֮ԳƺΪ֮ȷò绨⣬ҪΪǰһͷˡ
ȻҪļճˣҫ۵ĹԽʥأֻ֮ȴֳһʣݿ˰ֶİȻλ
ʦҡǲӬ͵ͻӦһ䡣
ľΪȻص˵ͷ㵱ȻԪΪΪʦͨ졭ľ޾Ͳٶ˵ˣΪѾЦ߹ˡ
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СѾͷУܹ֮ʿļգѾһصɴܹڶʱ佫ǧӰգСѾͷǾȻǰ̵ˣ֪СѾͷеļѡ
֮һ·ֻ̣ҪǴ˵ĻɽҰ룬ÿʱÿ̶ĬȻǧӰֻеѽʱ򣬲ŻỽľѯʸľޡǧӰĸָ㣬ĽԽԽ죬ȽˮǵʱѾܹԪͨȫë׻ݳˡ

ˮǣˮƹĻʳǡ
һˮǵʱͰһڳ¼ҵ鱦棬ʶʢᣬ̵ʥԪ鱦õģǧϽϵһ汦Ҳ鱦ֳϲԪʯ
鱦ᣬڳ¼ңһĸ顣
ɽȺֱ֮ǰ춣ǰѪɽʱ˳·ȥ¼һˣԳ¼ҽһԪȥ˵¼һ׷Ԫ顣
ˮ֮ŷҲûĹ棬żҳҪʿһ֣ˮƹѸ˳й棬ϳЩͬùЧľ١
ڣǵ֮ħΪԨɱ䣬ǼڼɱѪɺӣǣˮƹİ˵첻ħӢۣˮƹųȻλ
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ò˵¼ҵдķ緶մľһ˳ڳ¼ǰʱ򣬼Ȼһۿɴľ޵ͣȻһ϶ŵŭ⣬ȴԴû
ҽмգ뼸λһǵƹ񡣡ڳ¼ſڼձԼݡ
¼ҵҲǲ֪պͳ¼ҵĹϵˣ⼸¼ҵҲûоܾҴҹȥ
ܿģǸҴҶȥѸٻصһɫࣺ룡
Ҳոһ棬ľһֱӽ˳¼ҡ
һһ˴ԺµĻʹ֮󣬹Լ˵ƹһ͵
䣬ݾͿЦգôҳ¼ˣ
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һʱ䣬һ˻Ҫľ޼Ǹżչģݲľǹпܵ¼ҸȽľΧ˵
ľޡɵϵϢԶ죬ԶǾʿ֮ĸ֣ѾУǺͼսʱһģ⣬¼ҸҲľۼԷ
ݽ㣬ţǲĦ̵ˡôã졢ذһʱ䣬۹Ѳһ۾ͿݵĹ˼ɣЦųƺһݽ㡣
һݽ㡱еĳüЦЦ⣺ûûСģҶҪùһСˣлݽ㣬С쵰бľһۣݶԼʾһ£ߴЩľһ˵ݡ
˵ͷЦŽͣǼλȷҲʿ֣ݽ㲻ؽţǲǵĵˣӦûǵѡ
¶ѯ˵һ鱦Ħ̵ˣڰ֮ڰ֮ӶˮƹֹĿľΪ˶ȡԪ飬ľ԰̣һ˵̺Ħ֮ɣ
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ۼĳ¼Ҹ֣һĬĬԶȥݵľ޵˵˾ٶᷳ˾䣬дҷ緶
ϵɴȡˣľɫС㲻ض˵Ի½⡣
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͵һЦȴûж˵ʲôĦʥŮһѡˣҪľ;Ħһϴ֮ٷְȡʥŮλΪĦһʥŮ
ݽ㣬ԪءЩʧ񣬼Ц׳㹻Ļ⡣
ʲôԪ飿ϣһæһ
ţԪ˰̵ʥҺȥһ˰֮󣬲֪顭ڳݵľ£ȥ渵鱦еõԪ鿪ʼн澳̵ʥأΪһҫǻ̸ĹǸɣһֱڻִս
һ콻Ҫ˵ģԪϾɳ¼һõģ˵¼˵н١
ðȻ֮ǰһľһ֪ͷ˵һֳ൱Ȥ۾Ľ
׼ΡѾͷ֮һֱһݵؿųݣ¼ټҵǿŮӣȼ˵鱦ľʱСѾͷڽĿ¾ۼڼϡ
һ֮ľ޵˶һ˼ı飬׼Ρȣ棬˺һȻһЦû뵽ϻǰһˣǺǣԪȻǰ̵ʥ䵽ϣˣҳ¼Ƿ̫ˣȻԪ˵ʲô
Ǿ̫ллݽˡæл
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׼ΡͬʱЦˣ׼۾Ц˵СΰСᣬһȥ׼ҵʱ򣬻һء
׼һͻȻݺݵص˼һۣΪ̡ȴݽ㡱ôһһӾ͵͹ˣЩ
ѽԭСѾͷƬӣ겻ôˡԵ÷ǳˣȥСѾͷ꺮ůСѾͷҳ
һղЦŻݽ㣬ʱҺ㵥˵仰
ݵ˵ͷ׼Ρ˵СѾͷߣòһˣ漸찡ô˵ţȴɿ׼ΡС֣һȣԼ˵գ
ۼոųľң׼ΡСѾͷؾ죬Ҳ֪ǲǲʲô顣

һʱ֮һЦļպسݣһ˳
նľ޼˴˸ɫȥľ޵æϣ;ֽϵɴˡ
׼ΡСòվ׼żһ뿪ѾһϣһץסСѾͷֱۣһ飺СΡСᰡѵһˣ˵ʲôܹߣһҪҶི仰
һѾ߳ţ׼Щˣ̣ҺС̫˰ܹٵˣǺͼ˳·Ǻһȥɡ
У˵ʲôУǷҪ̲ɣݽץס׼ΡᣬСѾͷѡ

ӳ¼֮߳ľ޻ͷһۣ׼ΡСƿûиɵصʵó¼ŮסСѾͷ
΢΢һЦͷ˵һЩ飬Щù⣬СѾͷ֪
ľһ˵ͷ˵ôǾô
ܺáչһЦЦŵа


130 ǿ
̫ǳǽɽ
ҹӰڽɽɽεӰӹûжûĹƮ
һqqɽڣĸ֮ʿڶſڣ΢ۣȣھ
ʱʱشһײڼžޱȵҹȻڶҲ
һĻĵӰӣȻڶڲԶһùͣס⼸ӰȻҹɫΪһ塣
˰أҪҪҡľԾĵѾ
Цҡҡͷյָɽ棬һڴͻʮǰָ͵۷֮ôһֱڽɽɽޣݳ¼Ҳ²⣬ָѾٻͻˡ
˿ľޣ̫ͣʵۺ񣬲ߴѷɫ̫࣬ûеõ֮ǰòҪô羪ָ
ľΩǴӣͷʾף԰Ըȥߡ
ɴõȻһЦǣȻӹ˳ȻԶĶڡ
һϺ䵽֫һİ¶˳ڵҹһɽľ飬ҹɫҲסǾĶǵ
มվڶſһǷʲôֵһ㣬ڿȡ
ʯڵĸʿ۾ͻһĻĽ͵شۣһӱþ
ȻĸĿ׷䵽ϵʱͬʱסˣŵԼ۾·гֵľŮֻԼĻþ
ȷ˰ʵ֮˺һۣͬʱԳģճյŰҲһ˻ĳ
ߺ촽³ĴǹһȻЦݣ̧һȥ
ʯĸҵʿãʧ˻ಽظš
£˦һͷжչֳ֮ɫ˲˵Ӱ٣ЦЦľޣ̵ġ֮
ⷽʣ֮°빦ƽﶼмԡ֮ӭУҪұǻ֮ءľ޵͡
ŶΪΣ֮һؼʺŮӴСˣ֮޵£Ͷ֮ͿߵڵأԶֿ˼ĲҾ徣ֱ֮ΪΪʲôԸˡ
˵֮мӦ֡ľεؽͣһ£ľ˵ĦνġȻ޽硯ͨҽ̡֮бáȻ޽硯һİ
Ħ̵ġȻ޽硯ҽ̡֮бһǲ֪׷ʵ
ĦʥŮʱþòڶʿΪԴ״֣һȷѪ꣬һĺܱĵعȥַȻһ֮ͻͷת򣬷ֲԼ֮
ҪʱĲ治Ϊԣϳ֪Ūķ˳
ȻǵзҲòȷ˾ţֻǵõҽ̡֮һбȴ辶ӲǴˡȻ޽硯Ȼ޽硯֮ѳĦʥŮؼ֮ԲԸޡ֮ҲΪһ㣬ϲ˽Ħ̵ʥŮȽϡľ͡
߰ɡ˵ͷü򵥵򻰷Ը棬һҪð
һ£Ȼæʾףܾȼôܹˡ
ʱѽĸҵض˴ԶˣĿͣಽظߣѾԼְء
աľޡɡˣĵĻ꣬ڲ׵ʯڶſһţתʧ
˶ڣɫĶ߱˴ϣϢȥʯǱ
ɽҵĿ󳡣ݳ˵ɽһطŨܹɽԪԪеĽԪԪд֮Ԫ֮ʿ˵ֵ
֮Ҫи֮ҪоԪʯʹдоܹ֮ɽҲڻ¡
˵ҪͬޣѵˮԪľԪԪԪԪ¼ҴʱûУȴΪָһ·ȥҡ
ҵͼҽףϧ֮󣬲ûܹҵʵ׳󣬷裬÷ϻ¼̺ۣȻ˸˳ȥ
÷޼Ѿˣҵĳ޻ǲһ˵ҵĽɽɽоͲϡٵĽԪԪϾͶаģ˵ľŰ֮Ϊ֮ЦЦҲûж˵ʲôĬľٶֻǶС¡

ͻȻԱһѨд˳ɽǶڣÿһڶģ֮ŵĸоһĽҲû룬ֱŴһȥ
ɹǰֳװĸݾ׳ӣһ׶ûʯڣ֡
ģӴԶϳǸͶңΪܹܵҵĶԴĶ֪Ȼڿ󣬻һھһ֪࣬ˣӾͲˡ͵£һźһ˵Թ
ֻڵ㹻Ԫʯǲܹ߳󳡣Ǿ΢֮ûеءҪ졢֮Ϊ֮Ҫܿ࣬ͻᱻҷΪϱʱиָԪʯ͵ǰҪġһεҡͷ̾
Ҫ֮Ϊδܹңߣ֮ɢʿ͵ߴȥˣ˷߷Ȼ
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Ҽôܻôһùĵطһ࣬ɴûмҼӰӣ϶˵˵ȽţСһ㡣
ûûСԽԽͣ˵һѣ꣬һξͼһ߳ҼǸؾ˵ԪԪҼڽ֮µһ

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ŨĽԪһͣյ鲻Խһ˫⡣
ԪΪһͲǰǸʯҵŨĽԪȻ۳ˮһ̬ʯڻţһǹһıɫ΢⣬ȻΪġ
һɫ΢ӣǿʯҵĽԪûһܹȥȫۼʯС
һȥʯʯͷڳͨĻƽ𡢰ضǣһЩɳһЩļ棬̲סռͷ
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˵ԪԪƾЩɳЩȱϣҾܹļ廻ȡ㹻Ԫʯˣӵɽļ壬ֻҪܹסɽ벻ɻڴﶼѰ
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һΧڣľз԰еİϵˣľޱ۾ȥһơ
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ʲôˣɡֵܲſǰʯͻȻһ֮ȡ
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ƣľ޵ͺȣʼǿˡ


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Ѩ߳һɫ̺ۣ۽ߣֻڳͲڣһ˫͵䵽ľϣԺδкιɣҺʲôڣʾ
ָΪ֮һۿͬߵľʵΪǿᣬôܹ֮ٷչӵɽ֮⣬Ϊָ׿Խ֪ύǿԮԸ˵ǿС
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ݣһ֮ӦеƷʣ
ȷľŰ֮Ϊ֮󣬱ŭָ֮ͻȻ侲ȿ˵ͼ㡣
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ѪɽԪȡ
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ҿɲʲôţֻ˺һˡлȻʧϻҳֱ⣬̧ͷĿգЦ֪ùûͻƵ֮ǺǣҲ޵磬߻˹ͷһôҲò갡



133 
Ԫȣҡ
Ψһһʯɵ¥Уˡʤһزͷһٻɫʿ̸ʤ˵ӣԷǳϲ⼸Եʿһûһǽ
һԪϲ֣ҲѪɽһʿɣâꡱʿɣʵͼͬѪɽ׵֮һһԪѷֻԪԺһ㡣
ѪɽССʿɼ己࣬Ѫ˵ˣʵĸߵͲͬЩʿɡҲǷΪȼġ
ȻǺؼҡɳʯһŰֵ֮ɡ壬ֻҪɡӵһ֮ǿߣһͻѪռҪĵλ
ؼĿǰļغȻȻûа֮ʵغȻ滹һ岮ȴڰ֮ԺؼѪзļ֮һ
ѪˣҲֻкؼҡɳʯа֮ĸǿһֱ߸ϣѪʵȨ
֮⣬ѪЩ֮ļ壬ǵڶּˣһ֮УֻҪһ֮ĸ֣Ѫ˾ܹܵӣҲܹڽϻˡ
ڼҡâһˣĸֻ֣֮ԶԶǿᣬѪŲϺţҲϻ
һ塢ɵףӣӵأֻʵǿܹƾʵӵء
ҡâ궼һâһʿɣʿؼǳأܹγϸһɫâ޿ײ룬󣬲ȴޣҲһɫɡ
ھӣһֱæҲһʱ˵ɽˡâһϺغͼˡʤ˽ѪּһԽǿʢˡ
֪ˣ㲻ض˵ˣҿû̸ıҪˣǼҶἫȡʤüͷһǧ֮䵭ģ
һ˹֮ԪתһȦ˼ϵӵܴ̽һ¼ҵȻ˵Ҽˡʤ̸ˡʤ齫뵽ª֮ͿżɽϱԸ⽫øҡ
һʼˡʤ˻ĻϲΪһƬģȻһƶ񤣬ٺùԪȣôһ˵ü˻һ¡
Ȼû˿Ķã˵ϣҲҪμһεʢᣬ˵âȻûлһ·أȴϣõó֮ء
ΪԼҵʵǲμһεʢᣬҲûϣõóأ粻ȡ裬ɴμӶμӣڿķϣһǵõó֮أͽøҡ
ʾǵõʯڵĳŵֱԼѾʵ۷֮۴Ǹâɶȼռƣл޵ر˼ҡ
λϸ磬αأҡͷһ˵ǼҵʵǲμһεʢᣬҲòʲôʵʵؽɵˣҿһⰡλϸ磬ٿһΣ
лĺ⣬ض˵ˣǻԸԣվ䵭껹㣬Ϳͣ
λΪкؼһסǣǾܹʢ̵ʲôôɫ΢䣬ԭα¶ǱʵҲûдǺؼİǣǱȲˣΣ
˵ﻰˣ˺ЦǺºؼҰǣпвǣŻôİɣ
ֺԪȶ֮أǽ֣Ҳı䲻̫࣬ƴһʤһȻߵſڣԼ˸Ϳ͵ƣʾ뿪
ˣ֪˵ʲôûˣϵЦҲѾȥˣ˵ͷһȥһ߲м˵Ϊһ֮Ĳ϶ղ룬â궷ٺ٣ЦЦ
Цһ˵úܴ֮ʹâѸٳ˼ҡ
ɫѿ֮һսȻջʲôû˵ҡͷһ̾įڼ֮λһ
磬ҪЩ󱲼ƽʲôһҪȡأȻϣռϣһԼʤߵǰοһ䡣
ܣǶûðټһң䵽ȴˣ֮󣬶ȥȪ֮µڰ˵ͷʹļ׵
ʤҲҡͷ̾ϢѣʵˣҲҲõĻοˣһɨķϵĹϼ壬ȴ䵽һɣȥһ˲õıصĵز
ӣƺ˼ң裬üˡʤֵܣѹļֱҪѪ

Ѫɽɽ¡
һƬïܵУնľ޵˷ԸѪɽһƬΧʿڶ࣬ѪɽϵʿĵʿشʿǳųˣҪѪɽһˣҺغȻ˵˵飬һҼҾķλǾľޣһ㣬òҪʿҪ鷳
ȥɡľ޵ͷ
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šղٶ˵ʲôѪɽȥ
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һѪɽϵ¿ֻˬȻʶôһʿۼԪٶȴ棬ѪɽҪһЩͨɽࡣ
һ˵ԪŨĵطջʢ䣬Ʃ˵Ԫʯӵõݻ䣬Щ鱦һʿҲǷǳãԪ
Ѫɽ᫵ɽ·ţſֺƺƵű߼ʵĸоɽϵΪŨɽƲʻһԵۼѪɽ˼Ʈ
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غȻĶӺ֪£Ϊˮƹʿ˵ǰ֪¾ٻͻƣѾ޵֮ˡ
֪ܹ֮٣˺ؼҲƴ֮⣬ѪɽһҲûɳʯɣҲһЩͬ޵֮ȱĵطϲһǰ㡣

СӣʲôˣձбʱͻȻһˡ
ʯͼ꣬ΧһòͬʯͼŮǰһŶ룬̬һŭɽԳһĳֱңңָ
òŮȻһЦʻţԱ߼궼¶ĿѣԵ̬ƺһŮ⡣
ڼһŮɫֻǺ׼ΡСѾͷͬһ𣬲簢ǰȻ
񼧼Ѿᵽһ飬ղ뻹ûصңΪ鷳żɫƵ߹ЦЦѪ˼ҵˣѪɽǴҺؼҵ˵ЩʲôǺǣһѪɽ̫ϵõطߵʯڵĵˡ
Ӧûߴطʯڵİٲ԰ٲ԰ĿģӦȡҰٲ԰ҩɣŶǹһЦһ仰ͽжΪ
ңѪ𣿡Ůü΢壬һȻ
ƺ壬Ǻؼ֮ġһмƲСʦãЩϲ̨СˣʦȻǿٲ԰ǾͲʧǲǼҵģҴٲ԰أץ˵Ѳһ֪֮ἧ֮ˡ
ʦ֣ǲһʦһʦܹʢϡͷҡ˵ұкؼҳпܳΪǵġȻԱһСһ꣬ƺͻȻʲôǸѹ͡
ͣʱ˸ڼȥǸòŮһüĸˣĽһӣۣһ˿š
ǹŵȻЦ⣬ҲڽôЦеŶ漸ˣ˵Ҫڰٲ԰ʱҲΪ΢Ц
Ȼᵽ͡ҵȴʵʱϵЦݽʧˣüͷҲ
ҼҺ͸λԹһ˻ڵŶԸĵӣ̲סڡ
ûǼССļ壬ǲŲأŮԽţæҴҵؿڡ
ɫһ䣬յȻԹ޳ǸλΪʲôҪңٺ٣浱Ҷ


134 ϱඣ
ʯڵС˽ʱʱ͡ңΪʮɿļջ
̫¼ôãĸйһȳĶ࣬ǼΪСĻ䣬ʵһֲ©УֻһʹŪеŵ
âꡱһڵͣΪ˸ıȡ棬һ⼸˵ʦϣʦܹʢΪâꡱԼ䣬ʯ͵ѾӦͻ
ܹ;ļ嶼һЩС壬ѪжŲϺŵʯΪѪ֮һҪԸⰵаܹͣóԸ
ڶС嵱бĲ࣬ѪɽļȻʵãȴͺؼҹϵܣйǣһʱ˼ҺͺؼҵĹϵϣʯ
ǸһȺĽһŵŮİŮ㣬񻹴ڰϡ
Ǯ֣һԼң϶Һؼ̸Ѫɽʢ飬˲ؼˣԺϼŲʱ߼ˡ
׼ȵʢ֮ٽͷţôһҺͺؼûϵһʧˣֻй˼ɣ˵ֱӷһεʢˡ
ϴһȻ֪Щߵ鲻ԣҲûʾʲôֻ˵Щ߰飬
һ䡰ǵҶ֮һȺʯڵ꣬ʶļն̫飬ѾǵĶԻȫˡ
㡭ôٲ԰ǽҲûʲôԵģһ죬ȴûгԼһں󣬰㵨һ㣬ͦذ
ûʲôϣͦҲƽءƲƲ죬һĲм
һʼûзӦⷽ澹ȻΪٶۣȻʶճЦزʱ򣬰㽿ɪɪǵͨ죬ҧгݵؽȣץʦ֣ҽ쵰ץ
ǼΧ꣬Ҳһͬģһżճ˹
ȡ裡
Цҡҡͷһ˿Ҫ嵽ǰʱ򣬼ղʩʩȻس֣ڡˮоξȻӿβǣһƼֱһڵء
һûһ֮Ϊûһս֮赭дؾͽȫˡ
ֵʱзִ磬ΪʯڱϾѪɽʿɣûΪС°ִ󣬰Ȼ˶ûгֶԸңû̫
㣬㵽˭۽Ķ꣬һվɫָ
һӴסˣ֮󣬱ΪʦܹΪѩޣϵЩƽѪɽаԵĻʹߣȻ䲻ˣȻһȫŵˡ
Ϻӵ˲Ǻ޺Ȼص˼һۣȻյһţûõļһһС˶ʰˣһȻٲ԰ǰȥ
ţһ˵ʱ򣬲Ҫٵű˵ˡһ䣬±Ѫɽһȥ
ңߣʢʱҪǺÿͣһ˫Զȥļգ޺޵˵

ûзģܿ˺ؼҼǰ
ؼҵλãѾӽѪɽɽˣһʮ׸ߵС¥ΧɣЩС¥ðɫɽʯɣԵüӲʵһС¥룬һ鷽ռؼʮ׵䳡
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һӢˬŮһɫĽʿۣ毺õ߱¶һţ޽ߺţʱʱ˦һ˦ӣĳ˺ؽѵ
Ůĸһ࣬䳡ڵĽͷһ㣬֮ЩؼҶһſˮһľԼ·Ҫַͨʽ֤Լһ
䳡ĺؼҶɣʮʮ֮䣬һǾȣʹľЩ˾඼֮䣬ҪúôʱһôĶԴǣǽкô
ţڰһ˦žһڼǰӢˬغ棬ͷ߰վڼǰüͷһۣ˵˭ǺؼʲôԱ߿˰죬ʲô
Ǻǣֻ㿴ʲôЦŴһ䣬ձҽмգؼ֮
ʲôǼգ澪һִͷŵؽһ飬ȻŹֵ૵ôôӡ
ӦˣЦе˵
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գܹʹ̶޵ļһ䳡һһ档
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Ϊ˶ż̫ԼҲŴɽᵽѪɽˣ㲻֪ɣڼһѪ˵һء
գżҲǵѰ𣿻Ϊڶżҵ֮£ᱻʰأû뵽ţٺ٣ȤȤ
Щؼ䳡꣬׷׾ۼڼԣŰţԵ÷ǳ档
߳ɽ֮󣬼յȷһЩ飬δΪ˶̶ޣѾˣ鱦潫ٷɵ֮ˣԽԽʶ
һҪؼ̫֮࣬ЩΧੲݵ˵ûûˣñŮȴһ˼ı飬ƺ˻ػòٴθѡ
ˣһԥһ£ͻȻһȭ֣֪ܹܲдһ£
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㣬֮ӦòѷɫģսһɣǿշͷӢʲô֮
գǴдһ°ɣ
ܱЩؼҵĶ˷ܵشСУΨ²ҵںؼңΪһȻˮƹʿ֮Ƶĺ֪¡
˺֪֮⣬һںؼһĳЩ棬Ⱥ֪»Ǻ棡
Ⱥ֪»ҪСһ֪֮Ҳһ֮ǰͻ֮ˣ֮ԺԣΪǺؼϵоΪŮӣںܶУϵ͡Ůˡһ㶼ζŲӣؼҲ⡣
ˣ츳Ⱥ֪ѷɫĺ棬ںؼҡѪɽСʿȴ֪ؼҳ֪֮⣬һֲš
㣬㲻˵Ҫ޸ôҪܣԴԲԲĺS˳׽䣬һعЦ
Sסڣգݺݵص˺Sһۣ̬ȻЩ̫ȻˣȥգŤͷŲ˵գģǾдһ£
մ磬һʯ˹ףҽ˵ϲһʿӲǰ˼Ҹܾˣٺ٣մ磬ͿŰɡSһͷں׷֮ǰ굽Ⱥˡ
׷֮һţбӡžž죬ԱһЦıͷܡǱӣһߴ򣬺һ߽ȣЩ쵰ÿΧ߲ţ
ҲЦˣ֮ǰûм棬Sôһ˵׺һҪܾʯڵףڣӦøûĽ˼
ô˵棬S¸˳ǺҲܲˣһͿʼִˣûԼĻա
㣬ЦʲôˣڿСžž죬һ˿˿ֳˡ
գҵܸܵոǺ˵˵ģҲŲῴ㣡ڿƣڼǰȵҰֻҪһأϾȥ
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ձЩôһֵҲ˼ˣͣǶʵˡϱʵ
ǲϳ֣ڼˣ㲻򣡡

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ͻ֮ãԪûл֮ǿãڻԪջ죬ӻɵĻϻл磬ԻԪ
ˣϱඣϱඣ
ñ뺷ǰԼ˶ҴȤȤ

һ涯֣ڴЩˣ鱻ȼ˸߲ҵشСУǵߣؼһЩĳкܶüͷ˳䳡
һشȺһ£ϱǺǺЦƺ»ᱻ˷ˣվһǣԶԶעͷشص䳡

һ֣ϵЦݸˣ붯ˣţ޵Ļ׷£˺ֻĴ
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ͬΪ֮涼ȺǿһЩԪ񣬻ʵʿؾؼͣ鱦Ƽϣǻܣǲˣ
ۺŬţγɵĻεع죬ܹһĻ䵽ϣǲ䳡ڣƮƮɣȻûгȫ
ʼԱЩСؼЩɶǽϵˣֻߺȻˣʼ۾ųڹӶӵļգͼסӰƶĹ켣
Χ࣬ȻؼҳڣûܹԤ⵽һƶĹ켣
ؼ㣬ţ׷ţӰأԼҲֻɱˣɲܹڼϣûа취ϵĹʩӵա
ʱκ˶ܹԶԶǼյĶ֣ͬΪˣǰӵԪļգȻѾʤؼҵĹֲţ
գͺҶһƣва׷һͨ죬Ŀ֮£֪ˣˣҪôûһ¾ͷҲǰ
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׷ŵĺ棬һͻȻ˸飬͵ԭͣ
ˣ㲻ʵ浹̹ȻԼļˣתȥƺҪΪջغȻ

ףְӺؼһǣͻȻغȻĺЦǺǵԽȺߵǰʵС棬ô
գôˣͻȻ´½һ㣬غȻߺȣ˵ҺúģذǼһû
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֮ǣԱһ˵һڴʱĴ˵ûʲôȻ֮Ǹˣ죡˶˵һôܹóر
Щؼһַ
غȻɫҲ΢䣬գҲ֮ոҿҲõл֮ǣԼðɡ
ҲҪĶæ֣һǧ֮Į
壬֮вٿأûʲô˵ġЦЦȻϿҵ壬ΪɡաһֱĬĬռҩģһһֱûлء
غȻһ㶣ȻʧЦԸС棬Լ֮Ը㣬֮
治鲻Ըµ
£غȻɫһ࣬һ
ǡΣһѽ֮ǴӼץȥ˵ǺҪµģҲŲҪĶ
ЩС쵰ͻûңҼغȻһ䣬ЩؼҶһ֮һæϰʿؼֻ͵͵עӼա
գǻָغȻŶԼյ˵ͷؼҺͥԺȥ
Ǻģң㲻Ƿʲôߵԣյ˵һ䣬ҡͷʧЦ浹ҲȤ


135 ײ
ؼ´ɣʮףð˸зߵʯӳţϵȵ̴ľľεɢһߣѪɽϰɫƽʯȻԸûʣȴһִµĸо
غȻԺ󣬻ʾһЩؼȥһ·Цشżߵ
ؼѾϲʳԺ󣬺غȻЦʣգ˵˵鱦뿪ԺǺǣǲǺߵһˣҪȻ㲻֪ôһֱΪҩˡ
Цŵ˵ͷսڶżһЩ飬˵һ飬ȴһеľһʴˣû˵
ľһ˶̵ˣѪڵ˶صųڣҲûдѪɽľ޵ˣúغȻˣԾ
غȻʲôûжʣֻһЩ쵱Ѫɽ׳٣˵ؼҽܹΪѪһ칦û
̸УغȻֳ˼֮⣬Ц˵;һЩʱתĻ̸
壬ոɽʱ˵һ¡һЩ˵ĻԺ󣬼ջһתЦŽʯڰٲ԰˵һ顣
ʯѪɽǿ֮һͻѴʯڣǴʢͷˡ͵ĶҲӦ˻Ϊʯڳ壬һʢϣжˮ
һ£һЦ壬ҽףܹΪҼȡ棿
Ҫ㼧ұʵˣҪ㼧а֮ĸһηأҶظΪ㼧ȡ
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֮֮૵
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ȻľǵԣҪʢ涯ĸѪɽɵķУôһòʧˡ
ųľһ֮󣬼ʵȷЩҲ̶ãԼ֪Լ£غȻôһ˵ҲЩˡ
գģǼҲȱķؼֻûԴԴϵ鱦ǡҸոտֶܹó֮ǣ鱦ջķˣǺǣ¼ҲǷϴ飬鱦һˣ鱦϶ʾʲô
غȻЦļ򣺡գ֮һζĿ޾еģ㹻鱦֧֣ûһأҲһܹģ
ţ壬֪˼ܹȡĶԵȫȡյͷᶨ
İɣֻҪչֳ㹻ʵ϶ȫ֧ǣߣâСɣΪʯھܹǿЦغȻֳؼ֮Ӧеĺŵ
̸ֺһȻӺغȻ˼ڵȷλãվͺͺغȻˡ
غȻ͵ſڣƳһۻ䳡ڽѵЩؼҶɵĺһۣԸС棬ͳɽ
ΪʲôңߵؽѵЩֹʵĺؼ꣬Щ鲻Ըطʡ
ٷϻ;ͣغȻЦźǳһ䣬ļյļ򣺡գҪʲô鷳£ֱҺ壬ѪɽһƬ彲һ仰Ƿǳõġ
˻һЩؼҶɶһֵżգЩؼ겢֪պԨԴۼغȻôչ˼աչ˼ңһ÷ǳ˼顣
֪ˡӦһ䣬ۣظŶֱɽߵĺ档
ڶԴغȻʱ򣬼һ㶼ǺһһȻûС֮˰ݼѪɽؼ֮Ľͻֲ̿ı֣ЩĲɡ
ЩСϸ䵽ЩУǾò˼飬ѪɽŲţǼ֮ѪɽԴغȻʱӦñϹϾСһ
ֻǼļգȴһ㶼ûϾ޴ľȻɵľǺغȻȻһΣʹЩؼҶɶЩԣǶȡ

ɽ㣬ţ޵ĸŮĲɵǰ·ʱʱػӱ޳һԱߵĹҲȻļգԼɽһûд·ߵʶ
ҲǺЦ;һ仰յض·ԵĹݶջҪŮࡣ
ʲôÿģȫһ쵽ɽµʱ򣬵Ǻˣͣ˦ţޣҲûеͷȥ˵˵ʮܹۼԪôô޵֮
ؿԱߵĻݣһ֮һٻɫС棬һģᣬǰŮʡ
ιֱȹӸµؿŶļգ㽲أû
ѽ
СֵزһӣŷӦƵģ̧ͷһģĸŮָָԼ棺ոǺҽ
֮⣬е𣿡üͷ˵
ԭոƨɶңȻںҽһΪǰͻȻðһأҡͷʧЦջȻվһӽȥ΢ͷźˡ
Ҷһĸߴ׳岻ܹۼԪ֮ǰȻȴ͡ʼ̫¼ʼڡա̲Ķ£˷˷츲صı仯ֳһЩ˾񶼻Ȼһ£Ҳûһ˿ӡ
͸߽һ㼧Ҷǰ׳һ˱ֱǹˡȴ׳ӷס
㣬㣬ףһ죬΢΢ͷܹ񣬡գԭҲһˣ
ұˣǺǡ̹ȻϣЦеؿеٻɫС飬Ц˲ףϲװأ
Խ棬վֱɽȥһӰһɽţԶԶ·ϵãͲͷСԶˡ
һ·ѹôãΪ˴סһ׽Ūһº棬ŮںؼҵʱԵ޹ʵһ·ô䵭ضԴκһже㲻ˬŻһ
ףףײͣıӰյش󺰣ճ״ʧ̲֮ס͡һЦ¶һѩ׵ݣૣ˵㣬Ҳ׵Щ˼Ȥˡ


136 ٹ
ջջԪ棬һ˾ϲĻ
ССһʮˣ׷״˳ԶԶԪȹȿڣֻһм˲۸ոЩʲôʱͣͷ飬¸߰ؾ۵룬ĴѰһԵӰ
ˡʤҷصĳɫҴȿڣԶԶŽֳһӰ
֪УЩٶһҪ￴һ˵ˣԼͬһ
ǰΪƵļ껹㡢껺ЩҲһг˾ϲҼҪ˲ŵʱĳ֣ѩ̿ܡ
һмӰԪȿ¶ΪһȻǷҵļգ漸ɴס׵ӰľޡЩ̵ĸ֡
ˡʤΪֻһˣ󻹸˼Ĺ˺Щ㶣ֱ˴ʱǲŷӦϸľ޼ˡ
ɫһ䣬һЩľ޼˵ͼûӭ
ԥһ£˾ģ㲻ľʲôͼҪżգӺ߳˳ɨ˼һ֮ͻȻľ޺ȵλҪʲôطǣҴǵǸϣǲҪΪ
Щ˷ܻļСôһ˵ͻȻʶ˲ף׷׾ȵľһˣЩ֪롣
׼ˡʤļգôһ˵ɵ΢΢һЦûм𻰣Ƕż˿˼룬ȷϼһȷǷ֮һůһʶ˻Ụˡ
үү⼸λҵѣûʲô⡣ЦŽһ䣬һ񣺡үүջˡ
ѣһ㶣ľ޵һۺ󣬲ɫŹֵص˵ͷλ룡
ȻʵرΪһ֮۹ȴֻǷֳĸӦһ£֪ľޡֵܵʵף˵ľ磬жϳľ޼˵ʵ
ˡľ޵˵һ䣬ȴһ
ֵܡҲվǶûż˵Ļɽδǲƶֺǹأ
߰ɡƳľ޼һۣЦߣڣľ޼˲ಽظ档
˺ͼϼ޻֮һ˿ȻǶĿˣСϸϣǷһЩɻĶ
ҪߵʤԵʱ򣬼ϵĵЦȫϹϾذȥүүˡ
ţͺáʤȴ䶯ôãʲôջ޵ʲôˣ
޵֮ˡ
Աһֱӵذмˣ٣ǰ㣬һĿ׷׾ۼϡ
ʤͫȻһ͵ؾϣ䶯ķȸˣץȻ˿΢塭С죿
ͻȻֱͦŻѹ˷ܵļʤ΢Цſ֣ڡһųҵĻ棬ȫǣܵȼ
ԱѻȸϢȴضȼյơ
ã̫ˣԺ˭˵Ҽˣ˴һϲɫ˷ܵߣعЦ
ġġʤ૵֪˵Щʲôá
үүùأȺɨһۣûзּƵټЩ֡
ȥҳˣԶɽҵѾͷùãҲ֮ˣʥȸѺлڡʤһװ򶨵˵ӣӦûǼ͡
̫ˣһ̫ͲأһӺˡЦЦ
̸̸˿ˡ˷ܵش֣һץסֱۣûһļӣӲɽϡ
ڼô꣬ջûִܹôãĿ£֪ȷ鷳£һЩ֮ԼЩ˵Թ͵࣬˳߽ɽȡ
ԱЩҵ٣ֱʱŴлعһƬȻÿһ仰뼧ա

´ڣˡʤΧһʸûûˣһЩʸļҳ;ûвһ䣬ֻڵ۾Ļػ
żЩ˵棬ֻһЩ˵Ļ˵ǾĻһ仰ľһ˵ݣҲֻ˵ԼʶѣѪЩɷвסĿ
˶Դ̬ȣѾ췭ظı仯ʲôûжʣֻЦǺǵһֱ޵֮Ժǰ;֮Ļ
Ȼв޼ǣյ̬Ҳ̸϶磬һûһĻŻ
ʱ֮󣬼ȽľǰŵȺɽεĶѨڣȻѪɽʼʢᣬʢϸ˵һ֮󣬼˻һѯ
ֳһܳģմŹֻ˵ΪˣԵŬУΪ⡣
һ֮󣬼ɥûܹõҪĻֻܹʱεط

Сӣڵѧˣųȥ찡ǲǿҪǼˣ뿪֮󣬼ʤһ鲻á
үү˵ʲôҿû͹ùáһЦί˵
ڼңֻҺˣ껹㲮Х磡СãЩˣ
ʤһʢŭ޺޵һӷ֣۽ѵүү̸ôãʲô˼᲻ףߣ쵰СӣٸװͿ˵ûܹ˵ĶֻҪûõģҽ
СʵͽصͷһģүүЩҲƴŵģһؼңʹҪһ䰲οĻûãҲ̫˰ɣ
Сӣѧǻˡʤ죬ôռǱϹϾģʱҲССЩûϵųȥûã֮͸ˣоЩ졣
ǻֻǾǰү﹵̫ͨˣүүСˣʲôжףǰֻǲˡЦҡҡͷ̹ȻҲˣǰȷңһǸûУö޳ǣ
ôʤΣ̾ϢһһˣŪ̫֡
үүȥ˵Ҿţ˭ҵǸҶжֻ͡Ҫģ˵һԲұ֤ǰĲ죬һ鱦Ҫ󲻹ְɣڣһ㲻ͬĻЦ
ãģҲ׼ԣʤͬˣû˷һʱ䣬´


137 鱦
Ԫȡ
ڼ´֮⣬ʮ˵Ķųɳ£ò֡
ʤɫ죬վڵſڣһеļˣ֪˵Щʲôã˵̰ĵȷ£˵ԺЩֻԥһ£ϾͲҪƤ˳ԸµߺҪȥ
ϡˣһʼԥţЩ̫˼Ƿֵһϵӵܣʮ˵Ԫʯ˷ܵش´֮߳ϲټ֣ŶС
Хһ̫ٵĻ͵òʲôõˣһУһߺȡ
ХһȻҡͷϹȥ
鲻ǰлԥţڼңû񼧳һգΪûпգƽǰһӲա
ۼ˼ҷɻڴˣŶӽȥ󱦣Щ裬ˣۼĸײԥ
ԪʯȻԪʯⱦͻƵ֮ϣһϵ꣬һϲشӴ˳˷ܵػһ·Ͼϡ
ɫһ䣬ɣԪʯ֮˵жЧѵ֪һҳǣΪ㻻һԪʯ˶ûܹõ㿴СȥһӣһԪʯˣⱦҲܹͻƵ˰
ϼĲ֪Ǻãµ˵һһԪʯԼ뵽ֵֵ
ˣڲԥŶС
ХҲϼк
ҡҡͷХת뿪Ըȥ

һߣҲǴѵ⼧磺Ѿͷʲôأʲô˼ͳĶܹŬ갡
˵ˣǲͬ⡣
㣬αأһˣڼңҺԭϵҶܹʲôģȰ˵һںݺݵؽѵһˣڽʱ򣬾Ȼ𣬿ɼһ鱦ԼЩ˵ļһж
һҪǸģҸո͵͵ʹˣƽȥ֮󣬻ûڣͱһӣʯɵģۼܹԪء㣬ȥֻǱһ̬ȣǷҪڵİ
ʲôͺһЩŵؿż֣ʯɵӣôܣʯ鱦۵ĻȭͷһҪٿƷԪʯأôô󷽣
ģ㣬˵ʯˣԪͳȥأۿģʲոճʱõľԪŵͣȰ˵㣬ɣֻǽȥһˣܹõ鱦Ҫ˵ȥѪɽϵʿǹŽȥǶԸ⣡
ߣ˼ˣ˭ûãʤ⣬õ
ܣգôô鱦ڼʤԱߣ֮ܣһֱЦͣۿŶһ鱦Цųһ㶼ȥˡ
ô֪ʤҡҡͷʾԼҲ
㣬ҪǲȥһĪԥˣɡֿȰ˵
磬ȥǣĥĥģ˰ؿż硣
Ķļ磬Ҳûԥ˳ӵص˵ͷһվ˶顣
ôһң˼ˡʤХС֮⣬ȫȥˡ
Ϊһ֮ʵ⣬ոռշ֮ѾͨԼж̬ȣǼˣСûԹһ⣬ХΪұĿ꣬άԼĸ߰

գǰҶԲס㣬ϣȥ
գҴˣһˣڡ
գԲ𰡣ǰǿ㣬ǹϹˣ˲С˹
գûܺúչ㣬ܶӻ
գҴˣҼ°ɡ
ա
ա
һһļˣøָ̬ϴֻҪ˴СһʵͽģĻǼ⣬ٶǸˡ
껹㡢껺˽ʱ򣬲˿ڣӭ׼õ鱦ŵϣϿҵö˵ʲôһˣǳտˣ
껹㡢껺һԲȴ΢΢˹ӣȻŶȥ
ϡ˽ʱ򣬼Ҳ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵һԲ𣬾Ͻ׼õ鱦ϣзȵ뿪
Щ˼ؽ֮Цǰر˼һ£ûκεѵ˼һѷ֮ıĹҵ˼䡣
ǰֻ۶ˣûʲôģóԪʯ֮⣬һҩݡ
ʵҪĲǼ˵ĵǸҪֻһ̬ȣ߽ļˣ϶Դ֮ǰʲôڣģһЦǾѿ
鱦ʱ򣬳ݲƴ֣ٶĶڵļҲر˲õ鱦Щ䵽ЩУȴޱȵ
֪ҵ״ҲҪһЩر鱦ԨЩڣɱ˼峤֮ҲûпЩûתƳȥĶҲ˳һЩ
ڽɽ֮ڣǸԪŨı˲ٱӴڵطḻңܹŰʮˣһ͸һر鱦һ㲻Ϊ
һĽȻϲ߳ȥÿһߣõıң˻Ц
һͳȥ֮󣬼Ҳ߳´
һЩһڼϲļˣ׷׽Ŀ䵽ϣЩимοо壬ԶûӺͲм
쳤дˣøλֵܽá岮һһǸһ֣һʶ֮ǿʢԼʵ͵λĹؼҼϵļ壬ȻǣֻҪҵŬˣҶջԻͣѪɽʢἴʼΪ˼ҵ𣬴ӦŽһ£Ŭأ
ո˵ãүү찦̾ϢǿˡСЦһµ
һ˷׷׿ЦԪڻϲ֮С
ҲŭЦһģ켧ÿһ˶һ·𱻼յһˣƽĳȷǿࡣ
СҲж㡣֣ôУ˼ʤүү֮⣬׵ľǼСˡ
ڼСûжԲԸողûһͬ´Ҳûܹõ͵ĶǼС
껺ꡢ򸾣ɫһϲϽߴټСȥ
ո磬ʲôö˵ãҪǲϲģҪһСЦ۾гһߣǶּۻˡ
ƺӣˣʲôţ׼֣Цźǳ⡣
˲ĵģȴմЦһ½Ӵһ龧Ө͸İɫ䣬һϼһͨɫĶ̽ͬʱԳ
Ѫ䣬ܹѪҺԪٶȣ֮ԪڰѪۣγɾѪǵҲܹеľѪ
һϼʯƳɣڲܹʱϽ״̬Чʡ
ڤҲпԴԪ˽սʱһʼԲҪñԪƽﴢڤеԪӭСЩԪţڤеԪͿһԪˡ
Сѡɡ
һ֮ԱЩȫߴߴԣ鱦Ҫ֮ǰͳȥĶ࣬鱦ǳƷռѣЧǷǳ棬ԲǷƷ
Щ֪СĹϵȻ̾ҲûĴʼ֮ģֻ漧СˣһΪıߣҪΪҳһʵ鱦
껺ꡢЦ춼ϲ£ˣۼԼŮдһţһΪСŸѡ
СѡڤɣܹսܹԪζȱ˶Ԫ
ԣѡȷģķԽ״̬ˣܹģռݶٱ˰СֻбʵˣܹսлʤڤãɱϾﰡ
ѪҲոͻƵ֮ѪڶСʵһɣѡѪ䣡
Աೳ£Сɰüͷ鱦תתȥƺϲʼò⡣
˺һСҡҡͷ˵ɣʹడˣˣˣ
һ¼ССԴսһԶȫУЦģרѡģȫǸģţҿʹˡ


138 Ѫ֮ǿᣡ
һ£СԪڱЩӼеõ鱦ˣеľϣû˭и
ʿһĵ·ϣˣֻһյļܹϵؽӵиǿ
ǰЩ˿û鱦Խãֻܹͷòһ鱦ʯİһĳЧԶԶЩӵ鱦ʯߣ£ŵֵϱһµĽ
¼ʿ֮ڶ࣬Ȼĸ֣ȫЩɡ壬߾ӵصĹƧ֡
Ⲣûԭģӵ˵ıأгؾʹʯ鱦ߣȷȷʵʵܹʹ°빦һյĿޣֵ˼ĳɹ
ܹõ֮Щ鱦ȡ鱦еԪһյһĿޣҲǲ˼顣
ƾôһӣûеõԪʯ֮ǰҲǲ̿࣬Ȼصô꣬ҲֻǴ֮ͻƵˣ֮޶δͻƿ
ڵõԪʯ֮󲻶ã̶̼ʱ䣬һͻƵ֮ʥȸлԪΪһ壬Ϊһʱһˡ
һĿӣӵԪʼ̶̼ʱ䣬Ȼֱ޵֮Ҫ껺ꡢ껹һʮ岮ˡ
ܹ֮٣ࡢʴӱ֮⣬̫¼⼸õ鱦ûûЩټѣһҪѼʱ䡣
Щ˵ļ˵ϲ鱦ֱ֮֮߰Ŀ࣡
ʱ䣬ϲ鱦ļСûԸ˷һʱ䣬˶Ӷ֮ܲ⣬еʱ䶼֮ϡ
ûƿ֮ǰǿ޵ĳЧΪԣǰԪֻܹļҶɣѽһԪ֮͸Ԫܹ֫κһƫƧ䡣
ʱ䣬ͻƿֱһҲһֱǻ֮ļˣȻ󲽿֮бһЩҳҲͻһؿ緢ٽһ
£ֻж̶ʱ䣬Ԫȼ˵ɫѻȻһ£ÿ˶ٳüչǾȡɷʼչŵЦݡ
ڼ˿ǰŽᣬû˭һЩСţһļˣǰ̾رԹû䣬һʱԼĵãһЩĳɹ뷨
һΪû˶˭˺Щ⿨סˣھֽİ壬һ֮󣬶Լչؿһʱպܹ׼ҲͻƵ˲
ңΪյĳ֣췭ظı仯

һʱǳˣΪҶǡΪ֮⣬ΪӼʤеõ˼Ϊϡٵϡ
֮ҪһԼʿܹһ
ôڼû䣬ʼûܹۼ㹻ĲϴۿһͬΪ֮ͻ֮潹ҪȻҲޣûа취ۼ㹻Ĳ鱦ƴ꣬ҲûܹҪʿϾۼ롣
Ϊһ֮֮ȻΪԼĲ϶ۼ˵ȥֱԶˣһһЦҲץסһ㣬͵һǴ
˶ӵһԼϧޣô궼ܹóԸ˰̾Ϣ֮⣬ҲûбķʵԼ롣
Ȼȴ㹻ϣֻҪһʱ׼ȫƾЩΪԼһһɣҲгΪʿĿˡ
ǳɳʯԪЩޱȵĲϣƽ붼ϡȱȴһһ䵽ˣ
ܲϲ
ܰ۹ⲻðȻ©ôһţҪҵ͸ػܹƫܹۼԪˣҪܹʮʱ;ۼԪ˵һʿˣԣӦпʿˣ
ɣʿѪɽϣ˭ҿҼңһʱ䣬һʤô߶
ʤ˵Щʲô
ֻܹοˣʤȻ֪ޣôάżҵĿϣҲȷΪˣǰ˴£ҲΪ˼ҵķչǣмʤҲֻǾЩĺܱܿ

ԪȣһļŵСͺɽͺɽɽھһɽһЩҪװļˣɽпš
һΪƫƧɽУճضǶȼ档
һСһϣһζţƤⶼþӨ͸ڵĹɼֳ˾ѪɫһСĻߣ̾Ľ棬䶯š
ʯ¶Ⱦˣ˷ӿţʯڵǽڱ𿾵ͨ죬պһ㣬ʱҪһұڣͻᱻұˡ
ܻȼգʯڵ¶ԽԽߣ˶סһشԽԽͣһ֮£ڻһ£ƺĴ׳һЩ
ͻȻһ˳ؿڵĽȥĽͻȻҵĲεǽ棬ϵĽͻͻĲһӳѪɫ
һߵ˲棬ظ棬һһʹ嶼΢΢
״̬˺ܳһʱ䣬أĻԽԽ࣬ЩƺֻռĽȻ˳ŲϵĽԴȥ
ͻȻֳʹı飬ҧġֱ죬ͻƺڼž˵ʹ
𤽺һĶͷüëëëǣЩƺֹܹķգʹͷüëûбճɻҽ
һǿУʼȵز󲻿ɶƵð˳ȻĻΪ̡
໣
һ춯صĺУһӴ֮ת𶯼͵ؽһԺеС߹ס
һСһסǿʮʹһӿ񾭣һԣͻȻҲֲסƣǴϺһӵ
סһС֮ǣһСԺεֻһεһС߾ʧ٣ѾɢԺˡ
СǿشʱͻȻԺ֮УƮ̣һ˲ֽС߰סǼԺԼٶתš
ڼת֮УСߵԽԽСֱʧ
һСߴؿڣ˳ĽԺУİ¼תȻ󽥽ʧΪߵ֣øӵؼǿ̡
ÿһСԺ֮ǿһ֣ڻĵֵԾǿһ֣ҲܹסСԺߡ
ǣ
һǱ鿪֮еʧ֮Уˮһ֮
ڽڻ֮ǿ޵ļգȻѣæִӽӴȡһظĻ˻ǣûһͣϢе߷ϴӴԼ
Ȼٶܹ죬ȴҪž˵ֵܹסļʹſԽı˿졣
һʿֻǽͨϵԪʯ֮ԪȻķһΪЩϵԪʯԪ٣ڴʱ򲻻ôʹ࣬ѭ򽥽ķʽܹãһ㶼о
ǣԪ̺ĻԪͨϵԪʯ̺ĻԪȴǳޣѰķȻһܹǽٶȴ޵ĺܡ
ͬΪԪ΢壬ȷһǿ׳ڻԪޣҪһʱ䣬ſɴһء
ҲΪʲôһ֮ĸ֣ǴһأҪѼʮʱˡ
ӵ֮Ļ֮ǣһȭͷСĻ̺֮ĻԪҪͨĻϵԪʯ̺ĻԪ༸ʮ֮ȻڵĻԪ༸ٱ
ڻ֮ôԪӿ壬һӾͽһʿˣ˵Ǹոս֮ˣˣû֮ôȥҲֻ·һ
ʱԯѪֳһ޷ܵӴȴܹôԪ壬ֻǾޱȵʹ࣬ȻЩʣȴȻûлΪҽ
ԯѪѡһ˰Ե̵֮Ҳ˷ܵļ
һ֮ǣһα黯ΪУ˻ļֹͣʹķſʯһֻǾҵش
֮վʯڹЦѹԯѪٶޱȣҽ֪ԭˣûһǿӲ壬ܳܵ˻˷֮ʹ
һػ֮ʧлԪһѹؿѾȥˣ
ûгԺʥȸںϣΪ֪һʥȸлԪΪһ壬пܿͻƵ֮ⲢҪĽ
Ҫнľˮ֮ٴһʹÿǰǿᣬԽǰġԯΪʷǿеߣ
ӵԯѪȴѡһΪ֮һ֮Ǽң£ΪΪǿһˣ
˵ߣǰ޹ˣ
׶ʹ࣬Լļ壬ʵҲһֻ֮ҪܹԱһ;ҪĶ࣡ջȻһֻ֮Լһܹʹá
ЩҶȻô̬ǼȽǿ׳ָֻһСĻ֮壬ǲҲַܹǿ
һâԺлȥͻȻַпԣͷһ뷨Ҳͣˣʯü˼Լ֮ǰһһԣԽԽַС
ûмżýԪ壬ʯڣ˼ϵԼ波ԣʱš
Ѿ֮ľ֮ϲš޴󷨡߳ʯ

ĸѹջ񣿡һʯľ޾͹ѯʡ
ľʯţʯƿ֮ľˣ˳
Цŵ˵ͷһȻѾлԪһ飬ֻҪܹʥȸںϣҪ˶þͿͻƵ֮ˡ
һתȻôʥȸںϣǺǣҪ֮ȫ͸ŻٳԺʥںϡ
ĸʱ䣬Ѿȫһ飿ľһȻ콲
ţȫһ飬򡣡Цš
ľޣ
ˣ㡮ǧӰֱ仯յôˣɽֱ仯ȫ͸ڽʯ֮ǰհԼĳŵͽǧӰֱ仯֮ĸʱȥľӦҲ޳ˡ
ľɫЩ࣬Ų֪λش𣬵Щͷʱ򣬲Щʹҡͷûн֮ţĸһղиҲûܹ޳һֱ仯
ֵؾһЩţľޣɣĸˣһֶû޳ɣľޣǲû
ľɫѿˣЩصͷܡ
̵ļ棬ֱ仯Ҫ೤ʱ䣿üͷ
ľɫ죺꣬ʮꡣ
̲סһҡҡͷ˵ѹᱻĦֽɱȥһǧӰֱ仯Ҫʱܹ޳ɣ̵ȷûнܳ˲Ű
ľɫˣֻܹһֱĬһ仰Ҳ˵
ˣܲ׾Ŭɡľ޵ļ򣬼ճϿҵؿοľޣʹˣԲԲѣҪ֮¿ӻҪ̫ɥˡ
ǡǡľ޿ҪˣĵΪ˶ֱ̬̥ӣ
ȥɣһûֱ仯ʱҲܹʲôý飬ֻԼˡڶһ䣬ȻɽȣһªС¥ȥ

ؾ¥̵С¥ǰţȽɽʱĲؾ¥Ӻᣬһ˿ɡ
һؾ¥ʱĪ¡˲֪ʲôȥˣڲؾ¥棬һչؾĸ£ڳˣĪºͺˣȾؾ¥
ڼңĪ¡ƴˣҪĪϿضԴһԪ졢˼ʵҲûнĳɾͣںʱ򣬺һֱĬĬػǳм
һ֪ͼˣһݼˣϧǲڣǸոʯʱȴԵزؾ¥ԪʶӦûˣؾ¥ˡ
Ȼ߽ؾ¥յĲؾ¥ž֨͡һ̬ӵĪº˺Ȼһվſڣ΢Цؿ
Īţ̬һ
Сӣ治ţųȥ£ȻѾ޵֮ˣȻЦá
ĪҲһЦݣοص˵ͷɣСӣûʧҶһƬġ
һؾ¥Ī¾ͽؾ¥Źرˣؾ¥ֻˣǰڷŵľ飬ЩȻƾɣȴһȾĪӦþɨ
ط̫Сǰڷŵ鼮ûеطĪ¾ͽ¥
¥ֻСķ䣬ûдֻţĪºͺ˾Ϣ
һĪһЦ⣬ͣһ߿Ī»һߵͷЦǺǵ˵ǰˣ׳ʵһЩǺǣǼҶӦеģ
գ˵ǳͷСӣҾ;㲻ǳ֮ûϵһƹȻͻˣǻ֮󣬿˵˲ٺöȥˣôСˣЦ˵
ĪţнĳɾͣɶǵĹͰҪĪҴ¼ʵĻҪǺػ޵磿ǫ
ˣ˵Щϻˣȥ飬˵Ķ˵ĪЦЦӶľӸȤһЩ
Īµ֪һЩҲ˵նԴʱҲû̫˼ɣһЩĲ̫˵飬һʱľһ顣
ʼĪ¡˾ûмˣֻǰţ;ûвϡ
Щ˵֮ĪֻЦЦ˵һʡûзĿҲûнѵʲôطĲԡ
Īţôûһ㿴˲˵շˣͷһʧģ
ĪȻЦõ˵˼Ұ̵ĺúõģܷʲôգҪû졢ذҽ㣬ŵǻᶣһЩ飬¶Ϊ㽲ˣŻûʲô˵ء
ҲЦŸͣǰ˿ɶǿߣʲôŵĺܣܹõǵ㣬ǻĲҪʲô
һЦ
ͻȻԼһġ޴󷨡ɫһĪţ޵ʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽һ֮ƺҾ֮ǳʺǼˣ˵ǿвС
ĪɫһЦǺǵ˵ðǵСһﶼԼ֮ˣǺǣ˵Һ㺫ȻʵУؾ¥Ҳܹһ
Īô˵ţһĺЦƺûϣҲȤģû̫⡣
ȻսԼ˵ķϸϸ˵һ֮ͨĪ¡˲飬ȴʧӰ٣ȡ֮ޱȵغͼ
գ㣬Ľ޴ؾŪˣԹˣڼʹĴ̼֮£ܹȥܹ֮ΪĪϵҲ
գû˵ܹһʼʱѣֱӣȻվһ𺧡
ҵȻûϹ˵ĪţҷԹȻڳˣһǿ׳ֻҪһʼҪ̫ҵķӦÿ԰ģЩԪõİأķԹϵȷУ˾˵
ã̫ˣĿУգ֡޴󷨡ɱȵϡѪʽˣܱȡѪʽҪ󣡱ϾѪʽֻܹԯѪ֮ȴõͨʿϣ˷ܵĴ
Сһ㣡ĪµͺһֹĴ󳳴УȻһ΢΢һЦգ֪Լϵˣ
ţԯѪǺǣûϵҵԯѪһʼܹۼԪϡյͷ
֡޴󷨡Ҫͨ˳ԣֻԹ֪׿вУͨ˳Եʱ򣬱Ա߻һ죬ַֹ̫Եһ㣡ûԯѪôǿ壬һпٲľأĪһ£ų
ǻʲôҸСԲˣͳХɣХЩŬ֮ǻãǿ㹻ˡ飬ȴѹһЩ
֮һȷϿУʵ˷̫Ե̫ˣǷУϼӱܣ
һȷϴ˷УǱܿ˷ΪҼרе֮Բܹκ˻֪Īʶˡ޴󷨡ļֵ֪һ뵽ľǱܣ¶һ˿һ
գɽڵǼˣҲҪ𡣲Ǽˣܹ֪̣Ҳʲôý̻ᣬҪһ㡣Ī¼
Ī¡һ֣صģüЩסˣ޴󷨡ʱҲûôֻ࣬ǾԼҶӦûЩðˣĪ¡һ޴󷨡Դ̬ȣЩˡ
ֻһʶĪ¡Ϊʲôô֣ؼˣһȷˡ޴󷨡ˣҶڸ綼ַԼ
ôһǵٶȽ˿ζʲôζżҵʵڼǿ
ÿһ˶ܹͨ޴󷨡õô˵ܹڶ̶ʱڣһγΪǿ壡
ˣһ֮󣬼һȻͷ
ھͽϸдϸ̽һһȷϸ;ǽ鼮ΪҼҶеһ˲ԣֻҪȷȫˣƹȥЩøԶļӵ˵Ǿ
ֻؿƿԲй¶ܵļˣǲܹҪȻһǱ˼ͳ֮أǼҲܹռƾ𣬻пɱ֮Ī
Ҳæͷֻܹܵļˣ֪޴󷨡ܣֻܹ֮ΪǼҶеؾԶйȥ
һһ䣬Ȳ̸޴󷨡ĿǷڣʼ۸ܹ޴󷨡ڼңΪ֪
ȡĪţǻоһЩȱɣЩ飬ȷϡ޴󷨡Ŀ֮ϸҲٰռ̸ֻܵĴʩŰ˵
⵹ҲǡĪȻʧЦ֪ǲܹƹأǺǣ̫ˡ
գͷβ˵һ飬ñȼ֣Ͼһܹ۵ˣóֽͱʣȲشߴ١



139 ޴
һҶڣſڱʯҶϣżյ͵ƣƻƮӰ谵
Ҷ룬ХǶһԪյ˫ǰһƺ˿̣˳ıǿԴ棬ڻ谵ĵƹ£ХŤڳżʹࡣ
ҶĽǣաĪ¡ˡʤأĿȫۼļХϣûһ˳
Х֮ڿ޾֪־ǰһʱŸոγ꣬Хγ֮󣬻Ϊ΢вܹԪ
磬ֻ׳һ̶ȣܹ֮ԪпͻƵ֮
֮ԪҪѣγԺȻѾŬǻǾý̫ôöûܹԪ
ԪܹԪʯҪ˵̶ȣԪǱȻԪԪй֮޲ԸóԪԡ޴󷨡ҲΪһںмХһ
ں޵ʱǡͬļХΪ֤ԼʵХںڼ֮󣬲û񼧳һĮȻΪָһ̷֮
ΪХָ㣬ܹڻպԯѪںϲͻƣƶĺȫۼһ˫֮ͫУԺУһ˫ͫŰȹա
ԼХûһƫмͣôХʼΪ˼ޣΪܹѾͷ⣬ϱصһֱĬĬؿޣΪ˼ҫ
ԪڲԯѪֲŸոγļХ˵̺̫֮Եһ㣬ʺ֤ġ޴󷨡ǼХܹͨԪ֤޴󷨡ȷУ⽫Ǽջ

ХŤĿҧгݣɲϢޱȣƺżΪֲʹࡣ
ЩģۼŰôĥòͷȥҶ࿴
Ī¡һХһգյʱ˶һѯҪȷϼХ״̬Ƿ񻹿Լȥÿһնǳͷ˼Х״̬زֹ
֮ǰʱܵʹҪȼХµĶ࣬Хӻȵأϥƶûиı䣬ԻԶԶδޡ
磬˱ԪٶȿٿһЩһһһ
ɫȻ䣬ЩµŴʱ쳣ļգſҪ˵Щʲôȴֲ֪˵Щʲô
տóԪХǼΪмģ⣬üХ顰޴󷨡ҲΪ˼ҵˣһ㶼ԣ֧֡
ǣڼХʹģЩĲ̣иļХ顣
үүݲԴӡ޴󷨡еõô⡮޴󷨡İҪԼֻ̣ܹԼ̵ˣܹ壡Լһ㣬ܳΪˣһᣬճ
˰ˡһǵɡҡͷһ̾Щ޿κεʯġ
һȻ˼ãһԪĺ˿Ȼô׳һ£򼧳Хǿ׵ٶҲࡣ
ͻȻ䣬ոֻŤļХ͵˺ѷεغһҲֲסƣڶڹȥ
ХŽʯеļˣ̲סᣬ˹һܵģ
գǲӦֹˣ̫̫˰ɣȥХ˵𣬳״ʧʱ򣬾侲Ī¶Щˣ͵ضżսе
Ȼֻǿ˼һۣĪȴˡ
ʱļһķħһ㣬·ûĽ˷ܵ૵Ӧþ״̬ѵģҵķУ
գգʤ͵ԣһļ򣬽ЩļմǸ״̬ѣҪҪͣХӿ춥סˣ
ʤˡĪ¡ЩһƵΪһ޴󷨡޳ߺʹߣû˭зȨˡ
ҪֹҪЧղҡͷǿϲ֮ɫҸоĵĸоĵХһֲ˼ٶţĪţүүүү侲úøоһ°ɣô״̬ҳɹˣ
Īµû̫¼˵ĸһ£ʲôûõֻǼһǶĴЦУٴҲ󲻹񺿽еļХ
ʱļХƺļ״̬ϵײʯʯײġءֱ죬ƺҪͨôһַʹ࣡
ͣʯʹⲽȼХù٣Ī¡ʤҲһû׵ӣһһ׷ʼյû飿Х᲻
ôѯʣնһǳĵĿζһŵرʱļХһ⣬Ϊ״̬
£һ˷ܷգżХڵϹȥ
أһڿеĺԪɺīɫ˻ҰɫԪڵĺɫ·ȫΪ˿˼ХԺУԪȫ˻ҰɫҲһɫʱ򣬼Хֹͣ˹Ǻ
ڵأϢأƺԼ塣
ԱĪ¡״ǰֻмЦЦ½Х磬о
СܣкԪ𣿡Х̧ͷЩһ˫ȴͫƺŵعš
ͻȻХЩѵһֻŵָ֣쿪һԪ۵С֣š
УУˣͻȻЦԪȻ޴󷨡ȷУ磬ͻָ֮տɴ
Ĺ͡ХڿǽҲһϲı飬һʹôХЩȴѡ
ã̫ˣԪȻĿԣĪƼ綶˷ܵƣ֪޴󷨡궼ãԪȻˡ
úϢȹ꣬ԪүүǶֻҪָˣԼүүҪԪһȻŵ
һʱ鱦ԪʯԼһЩڽӴ⣬ʣµȫ˼ʤУɼʤͳһšЩٵļҶɣһеԪʯù⣬ʤѡʺǵԪʯУ֤ǿԳȥ
գԺⷽͲòˣ޴󷨡ȻȷϿУǻٴѡдļҶɴȥҪ˶ãҼҾܹѪɽվȽŸĪοЦ˵ٹʢҪʼúɣȡѪɽʢһˣ
ĪŷİɣѪɽϵʢᣬҼұؽȡܹȡ棡ߵʯǰ棬ŶſʯƿһĿֱ谵ʯҫڲӹ⡣

棬ͱϹϾվڰǰǹĵЦݡ
һɫ񣬰ذţǼâꡱνſЩâˣ뷽跨Ҫ㿪ģȴһԸģ
Ǹмյˣһʱ伧ûһڹڲ֪ʲôǰǱ߲̽ʱʱܹڴҲ֪ҾʲôۿʢҪʼˣȴһ㶯ûС΢΢Ĺ۲˵˳
üͷƳһСֻͣһСֵô𣿡
㽿һСӷǳɶ񣬿ʵȷʦǼȻĶ֣С
СЦмҡҡͷһСҪô߿ߣСǣ˲ˣżڻĴأصΣƾһСܷ첻ɣ
Ҳ㽲ģҳһһңİһһڰٲ԰˵ظͦûϣһ޲ھͳ嵽ԪȣվǧС
ѪɽѪɽĹأС֮飬˲֡ҪֻӣԼ໨Щ˼˼Һ棬ͻƵ֮ˣأ֪֣ѵ
棬棬Ǻ棡ߣʲô˲𣬲޵֮𣬹һЩʱ䣬Ҳܹ޵֮һˣüͷһȻ
һûԣ޵֮ȥ˵ɡһΣŮʹְ治֪Ǻá
һͷٴһâһЦݵشʱᷳ߿ǰȥˡ
ε̾ϢһͱǸ˵Ī֣Ѿͷӣû취
ᣬᡣ֣ȻȻĬһͲЩ˼ؿڣǼ顭
İɣֻҪâʢѹңǺغȻҲûãѪɽѪɽĹأ˭ܹһȻԴǵ
˵˵СӺһλɷǹϵǳ᲻᣿ͻЩģ̽
ɫһ䣬ؿͣһâѪɽʱ䲻Щ鲻̫Ҳ㣬ҽҪ֣صһ䣬ԺѪɽϣ̸ϵʱþ
ǡͼæͷŲǣҲὲ
š˵ͷɫŻѪɽϣЩϵļ嶼ܹ϶ݣʯҲ⡣ûϣѪɽĸ壬Ѿʿˣô˵ϣѪɽˣ˼ҵʱҪӦе𾴣
ǡͼͷѪɽãЩĴֻû̫ϣ첻ԪΪУѳǬڣЩѪɽӦòٽŶԣûϵЩ˾ȻǶǵڡ
ϣ㲻ҪˣϵϣǶ಻ΪСӣѪɽĹģ϶ܹ⣬һŹƽˣ֪¶Ҳ˵ʲôҪȻֻҪ;仰ʯڣԸڳһطøңȵ
Ͱ࣬ڲʶѪɽϣжô
һιʵһ±һЩ顭һתѹֺͼҿţһ¼ҵһˣǸżҲؾ¥ӡ
ʲôԾ𣿡Ȼ
һǰڿһɽڼҲ֪ôǸطǸطǸطЩҲ²⣬֮ΪҪĻҾͲЩ֮֮ˣֱȡһη鱦ˣ
˻һɫһ䣬Щţһŵ˵ͷˡ


140 ͣ
޴󷨡ȷϿԺĪ¡ϡ޴󷨡鼮Ϊ߻ܣֻѡЩѡ츳ڵļҶɴڣɼʤѡʺ鱦ϡ
ЩѡеļҶɣһؿƿκ͸¶󷨵İһ˼棬ܹͨ󷨲ˣ֮Ŀ࣬һ˳ھ޴ľϲУǽеľ߼Ҷʵϡ
Ϊ󷨴ˣշǱ˳Ī¡ûٴڳ˼ʱ䡣
ʯڣ˸ϥţнһľԪ¡
ˣľԪֺһľԪľԪʧ֮󣬱һͨͨľͷ飬ޱȡ
ľˮ֮ѾûԪƤ⡢һ飬һѡľԪ֮ѡľԪΪ׾ΪҰԵѾʥʶо޹ˣһ屻ľԪٴһ飬׾ؽӺˣ
ǱŽ׾׶֮ӵ쾡µ뷨ŻлԪ޵Ĳʱľ
һľԪֻһͻΪһͨͨľͷֽľͷӵһԣմӾ˫ȴЩã
֮ںϹȻһ׵飬û֮ǽһ֮ΪҲܹͨľԪɵٽһ飬ʼȥʱ򣬲ŷԶûô򵥡
ľԪ̺ľԪȻ֮ôֲҲ֮伫ΪԪʯͨʿľʱĸƷӦþľԪյ˵ľԪȫʺϴʱ
ȻľԪľԪһ֮ȴƤ⡢Щų⣬ܹľԪγһֿܵĶľԪһȦ˶ãľԪʧ٣ȫܹκκô
Ҳ˵Ŀޣù
֮֮ǿںϵģǣΪʲôڻӣЩɻһûһľԪޣ˼⡣
졢ذҵ˵˵֮ȷܹ֮ȫ޵·ȻޱȣȴӦߵͨĲŶԣΪʲôųڶôֵأ
վڻ谵ʯüŲӣ˼⡣
ֻ֮ûͷûоʹ˷Ϊ֪ߵ·϶ûֻǻûаסŰˡ
̫¼ΪΪʿؾ֮һľһڡ֣֮ҪϼһҪҲһڡ֣
ͻȻ䣬ʶҪ¼ʲô֮ںϵİ̫¼֮У
һԼ侲ֹͣĿĵⲽǾ񣬽עеԺе̫¼֮ϡ
вͷƽСԺƫһǵ̫¼ȻԺ֮У̫¼һҳһҳ淭ܿ͵֮֮档
һζ¡̺ķ̫¼棬۾ضй֮ļء
ľ𣬻𣬽ˮˮľϢ
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۷֮ѳɣһƴֵſӿĵؾˡ
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˼ң˼ҸҪ֮ذ¸Ů뿪֮ͲŻعһȻǸձƵá


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Īɫһ䣬æԣ޵Ҫȥ״ʲôطҿСӣôô嶯Ҫ֪ǼҵϣҪǳʲô飬ҿôڽ
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ҲǾЩ֣ϸĴһֲˡʤһջģԱһЩҵС鱦Ǻƽȫûеȡ
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ҴͽܣŮЦҲ֪ôһ¡
˻һǼˡʤˣԱЩΧ۵ļСҲһ졣
ռ˵²¾Ͱˣѵ˼Խ۸ʯڣԽ˷ܣ
ң治֪ʲô֣ڼСҪ˵ĿУͷ뿪


142 Զˣ
Ԫȡ
ʢҪʼʱ뿪һӵļơڻˡ
ҳǻļƣվȻԪȵʱ򣬺ϲʳʶ̣ӲǱһʱľϸϸ˵һ顣
ΪصĹùãռûʲôֻҪϽҪ͸¶飬һһʮ˵һ顣
ԺҲԼҳǵķָ˼ա
˵żӦûûзԸǣҳǵʱжżɽһûڶż߾ܹߵ״ǲ֪ѾɽƾӵѪɽԪȡ
ѪɽһЩɣѪ˶һɣЩ֪״ˣҲмིϢżҲ֪״ֻܹɽǶ̽ͼҵҵټ
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գǻӦСһ㣬ѪɽԪȵϢӦ˶żҶãѪɽʢἴУʱ򼧼Ե棬Ѫɽʢ֮Ѫ˵Ϣһܿ챻ż֪ġһǡ
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С¼Ȼһûʲôϵ̬ȣôһ֮ԸľԺһ¹ڵһԪȣҪ˵ڹľ޲ù˼˵ݣҲùܶԷ˭þ£ò¾͸ɵ飡
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һ˵֮ʥں֮󣬾ζ֮Ҫ޵ͷˣʱ϶ѾԪһˣҪʱӦ귽ˡ
֮ǼΪ棬ԪֻǵĻԪĴ壬ǻ֮ǣͷҲ̺һֻ˵ϢһֵϢл˵Ϊ󣬿ڽ߻֮У
ƵǲЦеؾͽ֮ͻȻʲôˣҳǵʱҵѩǸѾͷˡѾͷ治һˣƵϡšһʣӦ֮ʥ乵ͨҿɫеľ۷֮ˣڶʱڸһ
գѩҵʱҪսһأ
Ȼһ²ҡҡͷҿǲ˰ɣҽ֣۷֮˵ɡ
ؿһչһЦ࣬ҼҳգеţѩѾͷҪˣȷȡˣ
׼һʢɣ죬ʱ䣬ʢҪʼˡ


׼ʢļСѾ׷׼׵ˣһھ
ѪɽνʢᣬⲻһսѪ˵Ĺ켣֮Ľսһ峡ʤʤ
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ҪѪ˹̫ûʿͲܹ¿֮صᱻСĪ΢΢һЦҲǼˣҲ뼧һμȻôõһᣬܳһȻҲҪһ
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롭ʱ䲻˰ɡۼһһмģƺȴͷѾ𣬼ղòѡ
СӺģʤ緢ͻȻ˼꣬һ˳ȥ

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һЩ˹ӭȥЦָ򣬽һЩϸڡǺؼҡʯڡɳӭ͵ӵܡ
С棬С˵ôϴұչδǴһϷǺǣӦûͼһɣҪúˡ֪һЦ⣬Եĺ̸Ż
ôȤһ¾ҡͷˣ˰ɣ㾳Ҹ˶٣ս䣡
֪˺ؼһˣѪɽһУҲʢ֣֮ˮƹʿ֮һĳƺǰ׽еġ
ôһ˵ҶǸȤˣС棬ǲǹ⼤ң뿴Һһս֪Щ˷ܣȴЩɻ
治Ǽ㣬ȷԶˡʵʵ˵


143 ֳͷ
̫ѾңѪɽɽͷشأֿһˣΧźؼҡɳʯڵʸݣɽµѪɽϵʿ˶˴ʶؽ̸š
桢֪ΪæµЩѪɽɸ֣һߣһҲ΢ЦΪЩʿְţæͣɽΪ֡
ö˰һ˸ϵ֮ԶԶһɽµ龰̲סҡͷЦЦѪɽʢᣬ鱦Щ˵Ƕ¡
ԭѪɽɽ£һЩѪɽʿ͵ذ̯λԼõóдҪĳϣ߻ȡٿԪʯ
ЩϰԱչʿ˵ƽֹģľۻᣬһ;Ҫ̫ⲿʯ鱦Ǳزȱһ֡
һЩԼòʯ鱦ǱõģԷҲпܳԼҪ鱦ƽûлύһ˾ۼһûᣬԲȲذ̯λ
񼧳Х༧ټ飬Ϊ棬Щ˷ܵؿǰ
ˡʤҲֹֻǶ˲ҪԶҲҪ˷ͻ
ƣһȥգɡʤԸһ䣬ͼһվŵķȥ
ˡ껹㡢껺һ棬ҲɽĴתƣĿһЩ̯λ鱦ʯ
ҲŰᵽԪȲãҲûѪɽתƹǵһβѪ˵ʢᣬϵʲôˣҲû˴ǣЩ̸ЦȣһԵΪ塣
գôȥתתм˶뿪֮ĪƳԵļһۣʵ
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ôĿԱһݸ߸ߵ꣬ǰڷ˼СЩмؿǣλĽӦ⼸ŽѪ˵İɣߣĹȻ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ˵ûκмֵ鱦
ѽ֪ߵغСӣȻǰڷŵ鱦һСŮˣԱ̯߰ͬŭӼա
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Цҡҡͷûдǣĳ˶֮ĸ֣Ĳֵ
ĪţҪҸطЪЪǱ߹ùӦҪһЩʱ䣬ҲûʲôÿġḧĪµվ׼ƫƧһЩĵطһ
ţ߰ɡĪ΢ЦͷҲûȤ࿴ԵСżһ뿪
ûĶСû뵽ϵҲһһݸ߸ߵ꣬Բмصһ䣬ӡ
š϶Сɣûʲô֣Ǵմֵģϼһ·߲ȵӣҲӲϹκϣǵġŮӸ͵ص˵һ䣬Աһۣ˵Цͣ
ͽȻͣŮļգԺ˵ĪȥһЪЪ
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գûҪС£߰ɡҲȰһ䡣
ϧ˵Ȱ˵һ䣬ǽʱ򣬼ѾͷɨεĹŮһֻۣ˵ôȻԴĪ£ͷļɻˣ
ߺȣҶҵۣСӣǸСģѪɽðҲҷҦ˰̯ûмһȤģͻȻһСӵһ£˷ˡ
Ī¡Ȱ˵֮£Ҳ˵ļգĪµֱۣͷԺ˵˵һ䣺֣Ҳ֮С鷳зִ磬ӣĪţһЪЪȥһ˵ǿȴûܡ
㣬߰ɣСޣñѵͷĪ¾һĪֲһߵԹźҲһһߣװǱߵ顣
ͷ̵˵̯λȴûж࿴ˡ
꣡
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ѽԲ𣬶Բ𣬲ȵˡһСĵģͷ£һҵģؿ˵ǺǣһΪʲôʯ챦أԭֻһͨͨʯͷûá
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ֲСĲȵףˮûƣȱûáô˵ţһ΢Цûʲô飬˵Ǹټ
գͷߣ·ʲôûзƵġ
һʯһܹͷųֵķ鱦һԵĶ̲صԪһʧͻΪͨʯͷˮһĲֵ
ȥ鱦ǳױˡ
Ҧ֥۾Ҫصŭ̫ʢһʱ˽
ʯ̺ԪˮҦ֥̯λΪ˶鱦ȡԼĶȥ൱ڽ˵ϣӲˣ
̫ˣ
Ҧ֥һ̯λˣһһģۼȥ鱦ʹ˱ϣ˫Ȼһ˿⣬̬һʧ٣һصͷߵļա
ʯһſɹ۷ˮ򣬶ǴĶŲȥǶûпܽ鱦飡赭д̤ôޱȵ鱦Թߣ
Ѫɽʱôһλĸ֣Ǻ֪£Ҳûʵһ棬ǰ㣬üͷ
վסҦޱȣһ仰һ£Ȼվŭس򼧳ա
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ʲôعͷļգͻȻһ׼ޱȵץסҦ棬һѽҦ
ҦƴĴ򣬼ձͷ֥ûСӣոս˭쵰
Ҧץסɫǵͨ죬ַشֱ棬һѾʹ
Ȼץסһֻ۰ȴ̵ʯʹ۰εڰգָؿ棬ԽԽ
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㡭֥һ֣ˣѪɽӵܳȴû˸ֳյļƺ񣬾;ɱ˵ĺݾˡ
ס֣һȴһҦмƵˣŭһ켫죬Աûһˣ߷׷ߡ
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ſ˭ſҦԽףָżһʢŭӱ˿ŲױŭˣҪǺ¼˵ͲѪɽأֱӶִˡ
ءҦϲһͻȻоһֻħ͵սˣĻҲֽߴ
ָԽԽȻһЦԻ˵Ҳˣɱأ֣Ǿûˡʱһݲȵģ˭ûҦԽ
˭ȻôŵضԴҦҸӣ
СӹݣأʢȻ´κ֣Ǹ
СӣѪɽʲôʱôһˣ˭أ
Ү㣬ÿᰡ̬ȴǺ֪»ءһŮɫߺ죬ͷ½ǣ״

Χȫ۷׷׵ɽ̸εˣһֺÿ׷׳߾ۼֻһ򣬼ѱӰˡ
ȡȰ˷˵¡ºһ̬ȣӿҪҦԽˡ
ССӣǡȰ˷°ˣЩȥǳɰҲæȰ˵
Źҡܿڽ֥־ģ¡
գڸʲôҽ˷ͻȻʤŭһ뿪һȴͷشأƳһۣǼգŵ黹δãͲһеظˡ
εʼ磬ֱһ˦Ҧ֥һ˳ȥҦãۼֿؽסˣ֥һƨ䵽ϣ˼ףŵأعУȫˡ
ӷǽѵѵ㲻ɣҦԽһҦ˵˳ɫعâԱһңȻżײȥھ֮׼ȾҲЧʱһȭš
ˣҲˣԶԶһһеسߣͼֹ
ѵңھҹ֮ǰͻȻһЦ
˵ע֮£˷Ӳһ͵ײңûһܶ
Ȼһ죬ĥ̴Сľұ鿪ʥް׻нں֮Ĺâ㼤俪
꣡
ֹĥ̴Сľײ֮ļײҦԽؿڣһĹҦԽɫ԰ףһ߲
ž֮󣬻Ȼ
С˭̫̫̬ˣҦҦԽ۷֮ȻȻһײײ˹ģ⾿ôһ£
ҦԽϷɣ̫һ㡭
ۣÿᣬĲˣ㣬㿴㿴Ҿ˵֪СҲûʲô˲ġ
֪ºͺһ𼱳شԶûվȣôһ仰ԪһңһһͷײǰһϸŮΡ
ͦ׵ġԽ̲زһ䡣
֪ɫˣ޲ĨһϣŪһЩ

㣬˭ҦԽס֮һסϹǵؿڣƹâؿڣµȴ䵽˼ϣûŪԷ֮ǰ˴ٲˡ
˭ҦԽʳ˵ǰѪɽʢһ˫˫۾ʱȫ䵽˵еļϡ
ĻȻ֮Ȼʧһ룬һӰࡣ
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գ
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һֻʮˣ·ƾðƵģͻȻͳ˼աҦԽǰüϸƤס̬ݣһˮʣƫƫȴٰˣ
һ֣һӰ

һԱЩ˷׷׹к̬ȹ񣬾ʢŭҦԽҲʱ˾ϹϾس˵ͷһֺĵģ
ҦԽ˵˵ɨ˼һ֮󣬾ͽ䵽ҦԽˣһ¹ģ



144 
ƺ壬ɳĿǰ֮
ƺѶϢڼԺѸٹһ飬üͷȻƺε
ɳͺؼҡʯһѪɽʵΪǿҲڰ֮ȴԵѪɽʱ䲢ࡣ
ؼҡʯڲһɳѪɽʿɣǼʮǰɶǨһɣǰǴȥģѪɽȻǳ⣬Ϊ漮ÿͼʱ򣬶涼˹æ
ˣ˶˵ԼˣɳǨѪɽʱҲûܵκų⣬ܿڽѪɽ֮С
ɳǨʱڲûһ֮ĸһƷɺ׵Ҳֻ֮ȻѪɽ֮û೤ʱ䣬Ʒɺ׾ϲͻƣ޵֮
ҲֻǶɵɳƷɺ״ﵽ֮һٳѪɽ߷֮һؼҡʯƽƽ
Ʒɺִɳʱ¿Ȧɵ㣬ᣬһɵӣѪɽ߶ǺͱΪСɳʱѪɽɶɳãؼҡʯÿʲôҲƷɺ͡
Ʒɺ޵֮֮ûñˣɳ֮λƺƺΪɳ֮󣬱ֳ˺ȻͬĸӲ¶ϲȡ
ˣƺܶ£ģλûãͺѪɽһЩɽһѪУγһСͬˣƺ壬ͳСķˡ
֪УһЩͬЩҰĵĶɣƺ߽ƺİ£Щǰʢ涼ܹõϴĺôôһƺЩŽߡ
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Ҧңɳļ֮һ
ҦԽƺˣϲնҦֵ֥˵˳˵ҪͻȻϵҦ֥˷Ҫɣ˵̫ݾΥѪɽء
ҦԽһ֮ƺ΢΢ͷƳһҦСִԭ˵
ҦʱѾָ˹ŭһͨյĲǣڲǰԵƣֻ˵չٻ֥鱦Ҫָʱ򣬼ͻ¶֣Ҫء
ǲƺҦĽ֮Ҷϸ۾䵽֥ϡ
֥ողһ㱻ԳֺݾļմηҦָ𼧳ղǵʱֻǵͷûҶ˵ʲôƺĿ䵽ϵʱӵ˼һۣͷ
šƺǵõһ㣬ڽ䵽ϣ˵ǲʵ
ƪ˭ҪǵĻɾйˣһ˾޴ԩģߵָˣңҲֿӷɣͨٲͨʯͷƫƫ˵ô󣬷Ҫ⳥¼˵Ϲˣ
ʯ̺ԪˮǼǻΪҲܹʣɲƱ磡ҦԽЦʯҦģȻ֪Ҧ˵Ĳʵ
ô£ɽȵ˰죬ٳٲ˹ʲôغȻһۼһ˼æɢΪغȻڳһ߹·
ף֣غȻ֮˼һۣűؿƺ塣
֣ôһ¡ƺһЦѸٽ״һ飬˭ƺƫҦңһȫǰҦҦԽ˵ġ
գ𣿡غȻȻƺһ֮ʣؿżգһ׼ʦģ
˿غȻ·㴦üˣȴܿжߣΧһЩʵϼһһ΢΢ü۾ƺ塢غȻƮȥ
ЩɳΪ£˲ɣĻǵȴÿһԴѾŭ˺ؼҡʯڣټɳɣؼҡʯѪɽɣǰƷɺҰһ絹û⣬ƺΪֱָؼҡʯڣͼʵѹؼҡʯһͷ
ìڿĽ伤ˣֻҶͷǹıֳˡ
ȻǣҦ֥ҪթңҦԽһԣʹӲģſڶһſڣǰưһίģһ۷Ļ㣬龭㶼ˣ˵˵ǲǹݺң
쵰ҪˮҸովͲò찡СƲ磬ΪʲôҪƫƫ£дʲôһǣƺ塢غȻø
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⡭ƺ塢غȻ΢Цע£ͷ֣ĿԵļһֻۣСӲϵʾ⣬üŪ۵ƺҪߴ¾
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һԾƫ̻ˡ
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ҦԽˣˣ֣Ͳ׷˰ɣƺ彲ˡ
֣㿴δغȻЦЦ
ǲ鱦ǣ˵Ҧ֥˵ȷǹˣӦã鱦˵СⱨҲȡôֶΣôҦ֥ɥʧǳҲǿ⣬ǿԡƺҪΪǿˡ
׵ǲ鱦ȳԲѷնֱҲֻҪ鱦⳥ˣҲͰˡغȻ᲻֪յĶȻ֪ʲô
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ôţغȻӵƳһϵʯˮͻȻغȻ΢΢һЦߵƺǰжݸƺ壺֣Լɡ
ƺһ㵣ŹֵؽǰƳһۣɫȻһ䣬ƺƳҦ֥ҦԽһۣʢˣ治֪֣Ҳˣ㿴Űɣ
գƺɫѿԽ˾ֱ뿪
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öˣΧ˴״ܹ׾ʲô飬Ҧ֥ľɵɵ΢ЦļգͻȻƱһˮͷţ䡣
ͫһŵżգҦ֥֮⣬Ψһһȫˣһʯһˮ򣬼ȥð̺貹Ļٰ鱦
ԪʧˣһԿǱĲʣغȻƺɶˣ˵Ŀ϶˵ҦԽŵģȷͨʯͷ
ÿµһСӣҦȥץ֥ʱſһҲֻǸʱлֵô̵ʱ䣬ȻҶˣСʵ̫ɲˣ
Ǹʱ򣬾ǸʱСҦ֥İɣ⽫ִעһ飬ҲϵＤŭ֥ˣǸûע⵽̯λĶѾ
ѹ־ƺ塢غȻˣһڵģʲôֽ޷죬Ϣر֯һ͵ˣʲôˣʲô
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Ѫɽ꣬ʲôſˣһΣһ˵ˡ
֪Ҧ֥ҦԽˣɥʧʢʸ񣬻ؽܵϳͣˣҪùˡ
ʼٸߣȻôһĪԩģ


145 
ҦҦԽ֥ˣɡڽ̵޷ȡһʢʸ
غȻǲûϼӴҦˣȻΪǣǱļ塢ɣȥ֮Ǽ˱ؽݺݵضԸǣ˼ֻĴǱţҲûпܵ顣
ҦҦԽ֥ˣڸһ뿪ʱ򣬼ʤѾŪȫŪˣغȻһЦݵؿοżգԱ߻Ц飬غȻ̸ʱ򣬻ܻʱʱգɫ졣
鴦׵ˣĪ¡ˣźͼơХȼ˹ͼˡʤϡ
ߣȥǱߵĵѹȣһεʢᣬڱߵĵѹȡغȻΪ飬кżСȻҲûǻڻʼзһεôάգغȻϲ
ںغȻС󣬺桢֪ҲţĿʼղ뼧գСؽ̸š
ԱЩߣôˣһлЩʧͨһ飬Ƕסһ֡ա
Сֵܣĸϼգվһѹ˵ܹҦҦԽŪڹ֮䣬Ӳ˱Ͼ·ֶΡ
ճ˳ǣб˻һۣһ΢ЦֻԤȸԼ·ˣҦԽλͱˣʲô鶼ûзеʱ򣬲뽫˱Ͼ·ԼӲ·ϳ壬ʲô취
ȻЦҡҡͷΣǼʶСֵֶܵˣСֵҪϾһƼͣһӭ
Ǻǣ˵˵ЦЦûдӦҲûоܾ

ѹȣ˼壬ѿγɵһɽȣʯзïľ
ÿһεʢᣬѡڵѹֵطУԪر棬Ҳû滨ݣɽȵʯȴǳֿ̣ԽӣԴƻһУҪй˼ɡ
ƽĿտرȶЩó浶ǹ˵ǶóټԪ͵е˵ȴΪΪеطӦһ˵Ѫ˲Žʢڵѹȡ
ʯйкˮ̶ɽͤ鿣ЩڵѹȣΪѹȵĵθӸӣӱȶȤζԡ

غȻСѹȵʱ򣬷ֵѹѾۼ˲ˣո뿪ƺ廹ʯڵİ¶߸ΧһȺˣڽ̸ʲô
λϸ磬Ȯ˵һ״ҵǱ߻Ҫ飬Ǹˡһ·ϽʢһĺغȻ˵ѹ֮󣬵ЦŹ֡
ææˡʤæ
ֶ˵ոɽһЩ鷳Ҧ⼸Ҳǵģ̳СԽԽˣα߳ȥҲȻ飡ͻȻһȺ˽İ£΢ЦؿڣԺغȻ΢΢˵ͷ֮Ŀֱ䵽ϡ
һ仰£ǧˣԱЩʢһȣֵشżһˡ
ҦԽҦһ飬ߵҲ˼һ˵ݣΪǱؼҰԪȵģغȻͼҹϵܵǲϣǣôѺõľٶԵЩ˲ˡ
һȺΧƺ壬ŮӣͻȻ΢΢鶯һ£һ˿أƺڼͣʱԽԽ
ؼҡʯڣΪʲôͬʱһ¶Ѻ֮⣿˽Щףÿʲôֵ鷢ˣһԼԽԽˡ
лģûˡһЦݣղӦ
ϺؼȻ˰ˣҾͲһˣֶԺпնʯ棬͸ĴߡΪغȻڣʲôû˵˸һ롣
һһ׼ʲô⣬ЦӦ͡
˵ͷûм˵ֺһ˽
գϺôͻȻôˣغȻҲЩ֣ѯһ䡣
Եĺ֪¡ˣһ𽫶һܸͬȤӣǻǳʶȤЦЦӼ뿪
ҲЩĪüͷеɵ˵˳
תˣ۸ŮȻû鷳غȻɻͷһزԣϺŮ˭ҪǵŮҪ󶯸ɸ겻ɣһΡʲô
ǡ˰ɣŮ죬һ
ֻ˵˵Լû棬غȻȴ΢𣬵ͺпܣϺ굹۹⼫׼±ǮпܿгˣС棬˵ĿԼ󣡡
ɣŹ֡
ߣ㣬һ벻ͨΪʲôתԣգϺҵѾͷˮˮ飬Ƣ̫ãҲ䲻ġһתغȻһ˾˵ҺؼбѾͷƯ㿴С
ͺһ߷Ȼض˶ţҳˣ񶼱Ưǳˣ
Ưģٺ٣ǺؼңҲСƺˣֻ֪ҵ˱ʱ
㣬ǣĿҪˣָһԸŭ
壬ˣˣҿܲ𡣡Ҳ֣һԼӵģ
ƨʲô˭㣡һţҲܲ˵࣬ҧгݵصŶԶˡ
գ˽һȥǱ߰һ¡غȻûڰµЦЦֱ֪ƺ塢ȥ
ˡʤʣԺغȻʱΪݵľ޴죬ʼЩ̫ȻغȻһ뿪˲žһɣΧź֪׷
֪סڼȥƺȤͼն׽׽ϧȴˡʤΧǶæŻش˵⣬ûкͼն๵ͨʱ䡣
ִ˼գϸغŻͻȻ˼ȤԴбֳ˺Ե׽֮⣬ⷽеļȻоĳĵܹƼؼӪҲһ¡
ô΢ЦźͻίߣУ˵̸
Ī¡վһ𣬼껹㡢껺ꡢХһվһ𣬶̸ʢ飬ôɽһǣ߳ɽһʶ¶ôĹʢԵЩ˷ܡ
֪ǲΪغȻµ׽ãЩԭ𼧼ҵѪɽ֣Ȼ΢Ц߹ͼˡʤϵƺַͨʽһЩʲô
ע۲һ£շЩǰʹϵǺͺؼҡʯеһЩˣЩɳΧɡ֣ûһ˹һĿⶼǲƵߣʢ涯ֵζ
ֻǹ۲һоͽ˺ؼҡʯڡɳ֮ľϵˣؼҡʯΪͬΪѪɽɣȻ˴˰ҲžǹϵǺܲ
һ㣬Ӱ³ƺغȻΪϺءغȻƺΪϺꡱʱ̬ȾͿԿó˵ʯڡؼ֮ľԵľ
ɳΪӶƺЩΪЩƫ棬в˺ؼҡʯѪɽǿƵɣúؼҡʯڶΪƺΪһֲֶεոУⲻǺغȻϲķʽ
ɳڲ֪ѾѪˣҾۼһѪɽɣɳ׳غȻ֪ƺһŶϧΪֵ̫٣ȿһŶʱҪ޳ȴò̫ˡ
Ѫ㶦ؼҡɳʯڣкؼҡʯأֻɳϲƫ棬ֶΣ֮ìܣʢľУԽԽԵر¶ˡ

һϤӰӣЩηηشӲԶ
˿Ǳߣ䲻ȵغߺһ
һڼҵʱԲѷЦΪһ֮ȻûܹԼһҼԼҵûвʢıҪ񣬼֪Ī֮Ϊոռǰ˷ͷü˾ԼǿֱͦһЩˡ
ǰ۲ʶ̩ɽðĵطͳżһһĳֿ
㽲ЩֻһЩļˣǶŹֵشͣ˳ǣ֪˵Щʲô
ߺⲻռɤӣ߲ͺһ
ҿգͷżӣҲƵ
գôһ£˺Ȼʶ˵ʲôü
̯̯֣һԼҲģ֪֪Ǽҵ˰ɣǺǣǲعһεľĿ꣬Ҳͣ
ô˵ţһ䣬ͻȻƳƺԵǼʿɣͻȻһ˿Ȼ
ӹʼǼƺԵʿһƵģĿǼɨɨȥոպغȻڵʱǻû̫غȻһ뿪ȴ޼ɵ֮Զܸоõ
ȻƺûۼЩʿҲ֮а˶壬ǲмǼϻһǷϵ̬
⼸λʵѣֱǡƺյ⣬ΪǼ˵ݣڡ
ĽܣԶһ˶˼˽⣬ЦŶԻ˵ͷʾԼһ顣

ֳ飬ȶԶغȻ̵վƺ塢£ոƺ۹ˡ
һηأҲˣҾͲϸˣ棬ұһ²ɡֵĹǩȷǵĵһ֡غȻ߰ߺȡ
һһ֣˳ЩɳߵغȻ¡ƺǰǩԴȷĶ֡
Ԫȣҡһ֮У֮ͻȻ
ڼЦŴǰʱƺͻȻ˵ע£ƺ΢΢һЦ֮ǰЩɣΪǰζʢᣬʵǶף֪Ƕ֮ĸ򡣡
һתҲѪɽãǵһβʢᣬѪɽĹأҪ¿֮أڱһ֣룬Ӧü֤ıҪ˵ǲǣ
˻һһ˷׷׵ͷƺ˭Ҳʲô˭Լң
׳ˡҽ䵽ߵʱĪ΢΢һЦǵעһǹ⡣
֮֮ĸһΪһμֻȡǨƵ֮ء֣֮ĸһʼΪʲôԪ
˭֪أӦڵһλɣֻҪܹȡ֮֮һǾͷˣκһ·֮أҪԪŨʮ۷׷ס



146 
ƺƺҲûϵҾʿĪ¾һԣƿˡ
˵ˣغȻ֪һĪһڣһҵʱ򣬼ˡʤ˻ںָܹȡһǨ֮ء
Īȴչʿʵ
˼Լ⣬ʵЩ˽ģǰ¡ˡ
ûʲô˰ɣüͷЩ͵һ䡣
ƺֻܵͷûˣʸ¿ص
Ǻã潫ټ򵥵˵һ¡غȻϲЦǺǵؽɱȶĹĿʱʱڼǱɨɨȥ˭֪ܹѪɽΪԵʣȻҺͺؼ˩һ𣬼ұֳʵԽǿؼԽࡣ
ǰصļ塢ˣһ۾񣬿ʼغȻĽ
һ˽֪ĹԺ󣬺غȻһЦ룬Ӧøһصɡ
һ£¶˷ܱ飬غȻ˵·֮أһɽȡһɽڡһˮ̶
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һλɽҽӵصð֪ǲǵӵǻɽ֮󣬻ɽŨĻԪɢǶʼϵԪʯǹ۲죬ʮ֮ڣɽܹԪ
ˮ̶ͻɽƱ䶯ȻȻγɵģǰʼӵصðˮγˮ̶̷֮ˮ̺ŨŨˮ̷׵ʯΪջ۵̶ˮӰ죬Ҳʼ˴ŨˮԪԪʯ
ģȻı仯֮棬Ѫɽһһ󱦵أÿһεƱ䶯ܹ˾ϲһ鱦صĳ֣Ѫ˵ĸ
غȻߣΪ֮صϸ˵һ飬Щصɡ˵غȻ˵һΪܣĥȭս󷢡
棬һǸԵĶ֣Ѫڶ޼ң¼Ҷԡĵ˵һ֮󣬺غȻһ۵ʱ䣬Ȼ󱨳˸ӹĵĻ⣬һ˶ٽˡ
Ըɡ˵ûбĶָˣЩֵļ壬ڸֵ䵽յĶϣ񽥽
ڲȶļ塢ڶ࣬ÿһҲһѡʵĵֽսļ壬һ˸߲ңЩҪͳǿֵļ壬һȻҡͷ̾ѡ
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Ī鲻䣬һ費صȻģ۾ţûж࿴һۡ
\һΨɳհұ֮˵ѾǣɳһҲǺѪ˵ģûмѪ֮ǰ˵\һΪһĴһĺûһƲ硭
֪ΪΣһֱڼԣغȻһ֮Ͽʼܡ
ΪһĴһЦƳ˻һۣЦ˵ɣȵùذң
ЦҡҡͷͣȻ綫ذңһ˿ʲôصģذ֮Ա˳ΪɣΪʵ֮⣬ΪΪɣ䣬ɳһЩ񹲷ߵ飬ң˵׼ˡ
üͷһ壬ԱߵĪ£вɵЩģȻ֪Ī֮Ī֮һ׶Σһ粻ңｻսҪԴ
ƺ֪ڵʲôĪЦҡҡͷգģȻˣзִġ
ĪһСģʲôֶζпǳġնһ䣬ɫһ䣬ΪʲôѪ˻ɣ
Ѫ˵ȷû֡Сһ䣬ָ
˵ˣѾôһˣ˵ͷЦñһ֪Ĵж߰
ЦЦɫɣŻˣǻƼƺû𣿡
ǻƼĿǰ֮ΪǲΪ¿֮ȥͷѪ̬Ȼһιǿ֣Ǻǣû뵽ȴôһȤꡣ
ȤôǺǣһʢ֮󣬻ӭҼҵµ͡ڷ롣
ɫһϲƺһֱڵһ仰æͷһһ
˵ͷղٶ˵ʲôźغȻĽ
غȻһ֮˼䣬ôҽίһ㣬ɽѰطϢ֮ʿͷ¶ˣϲ֮ʿԴҶûʲôһ˸ȥ

ҹһΧһУ̸յıȶ
йغºҵ򼧳ϸ˵һ飬Ӽտеõĳֳŵ֮뿪
֪֮Ȼ֪Ӧ˺غȻҲǴ򼧼˵һ˵µӼ˿֪ѽµϸ˵һ֮󣬺֪ЦЦûжһ٣ֱӻȥͷػˡ
ջ˵ʵֺƺϵܣһսȻȫԸߣաХӦòʲô⣬졢ıȶӦʤˣļʤ˵εҡҡͷ
ȶ峡ؾ磬һߣܹɽ۷ҦԽܣӦܹʤûʲô
Х۷֮һӽڴ鱦ޡ޴󷨡ΪѸݣХսΪḻ־ᶨ۷֮ȡʤϣ
˼աХ֮⣬ս߻мϡˡĪˣм֮ڼЩ֮˵УΪΪʵȻǼϵ
ʮ֪꣬ǲǼ̳˼ѪΪŮԵͽ֣ʥް׻ͨóǿ֮꣬Ȼδ۷֮Ԫ񣬵Ǻ˽ֵľ鲢ḻܹܲƾԪʤ˵
˾͸˵ˣ֮ǻûܴһԼսУǼΪԿģʧܿԷǳ
Ī֮ǵܹμ˭Ҳ֪ôʼδ֣ʵսҲû̫ģһս
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ҡҲûס⸾ЩЩ
Ӧûʲô⣬ֻҪХܹȡʤƴҲҪʤң˰̾Ϣʱ򣬵Ī²ԻңҲ̫࣬ձʤХȡʤĻἫҲûлᣬߡӦҲû⣡
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ȻĪľ磬Ԫ̶ȣȴĪԪ֮ҪǺµǿϲֹһ㣡
Ҫǣҵʱһܹ֮ȻĪ²Ԫʱ򣬾Īµʵ磡ּĪӦòѷɫҡ
ϣˡ˿ЦΪʵãûôġ

ȿȡ
һԶԶЩͻȻȫסڣ׷ɻԶԶվһŮŮ鲻Ը죬գһڰٲ԰ʱҲ֪㣬ԡԲ𡭡
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ˣȥˣѵҦҡ֥ѾͷķϣҾ͵ʲôûˡ˻֣΢΢졣
ȻʧЦո˵ǵǸԼǸǰڳһ̬ȣϵոǲ鲻Ըģˡ
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С㣬˵ʲôսʵ
ҵҸǣСǺµöЩһǰΪǸ֮İͿóһЩɫζĶҩͷڿУºҲ˲鲻ѽô֪ҵ˵ģ
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һţԽԽɫǵͨ죬ҧ㣬һҵĻ
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һֱϺ꣬ǺǣҿŮ죬Ӧþ̨ҲҡͷʧЦ
ôһ˵˶ǾΪȤûӵİôһͣ˵Ƕˣٳüʼںöһ֡

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ЦЦȻǾչԼʵЩ˭ѪɽǿһѡˣⷽŵҪѣһʢᣬ˵ǺؼҡʯڡɳİַͨһΪԼıȡ棬һ֪Щǣƣѡ񡣡
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ĪţҴСȵĿɾƣлգеҩĶǺռģȻҿҲڡôẦǡԥһ£һԵɡ
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¶ԼңغȻһߺڴĿ͵䵽һ顣
Хɫһ࣬ȻվҲսˣôнż˵صÿ궼ѩսһȻսŰܣХ֮͵ȷС
һ㣬ڡ޴󷨡еõĪôͿԿ޴󷨡İԽǼ̲ܶԼºĵˣԽܹеõô
磬ˡߵԵʱ򣬼Ц˵һ䡣
ô꣬ҲٰˡХһ࣬⻰˵ĳһԡ
Ǳ߳һСȴΪ֮꣬ͬɵȼХҪݣӦòرóӲս
Хһ߽ѹȣЩʯͷ룬غȻ˵һ俪ʼ֮ͻȻЩʯͷУ˲ʧ١
Хûһѡʯͷ壬ˣϵسɲطλȥη壬磬ǴɽȹԼ
Ҫľһƣһţս̫⣬ʤһЦóǽɵδۣҲû̫ǿģ򲻻ѡơ
һսǼʤˡĪҲͷ
ʵȷˣХߵһʯеʱӭɵĿըֻһ˶ʯͷշȥֱ˹ЩʯͷΪ޴л̺ɵԪڡ
Хûɣһʯͷ֮пٵشһʯͷϮ׾ٵرܿһЩΪܼȴ̫ʯͷŻᶯһ顣
âҫ֮䣬ХѸٳɿ
߾֮󣬶һ޴ʯ֮ɣͻȻıƣһȭͷСʯͷʯм׷ɡ
ȡʯмɽУХһɫȻһ䡣
ٶȻһ飬ͷͻХǱһһ㣬Ŀ׹䣬һֱɣЩһȭͷСʯͷӺȻײһŰСʯͷ֮ϡ
ɵĹâͻȻŰСʯͷ汬˳ʯһСʯͷʯͷ֮У͵شɵһҽС
һŲЩԣɼХȴһɫ䲻һѿסɺ󾱣ץȷ˶֮󣬼Хһ˦ɣѸٴӵѹ˻ء
ХʤغȻȲظߺ
߻ؼҵʱ򣬼ХŲЩ飬ҲЩ԰ף˼ߵʱȴȫָ
ʯм׷ʱɫ̲ӣɱ˰ʩ̣Ƕ̻Ԫңһ᲻ĸоָоܿʧڣѾûһСߵ֮󣬼Х˵һ顣
ȻֶֻǷһ˲ºʧ٣ȷһ˿ۼҪ鷳û֤ݡڼХһ£ûиоһ쳣ͷĪ£Īţ㿴
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磬ƺǺ˰ؿһûԪȣؽΪѪУͿ۾תתȰ˵磬ˣܹܲѪɽһ߳˵
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Թ˲Ͼûоߵ飬ԪڵˣĴ׷ɱʲôͯǬԥһ£¶˾ġ

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Сģҿƺ峯߿ȥĿʼ㣬᲻ʹʲôƣĪЩģء
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ĪɫȻźһĹţСһûڣϧһͯǬĪµһ̾ĬĬ߻ؼҡ
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149 ߲ã
ĪºͯǬսٶȷǳ죬ֻһѪͯǬ͸֧еѪѪˡ
Ȼ˺֮ܶ⣬Īûг֮ǰ˭ΪܹͯǬܣȻչֳǵľ֮еΧ߶ɫˣʶϵļ壬û䵽أҲһһСɿԿġ
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ңܵļңⷽĪǵҪԶԶ߹ͯǬ
ƺɫޱȣĪµع˼ɣͯǬѪѵķʽ߷Ǳƺ壬ҲʤͯǬôɵɱͯǬˣ
һֻغȻµɿһսֵƺ壬ȻʶͻȻðͷĪ£֮Ϊ棬ǲѷɫеκһ𰸣԰ѼжƺԣǼΪصġ

ϡϴɩӭǰһҫ˵Ĺʣ桭û뵽㾹ȻȻܹǣավȻǼһԯҽ졭ıŵˡ
ôһСǵ֪յġԯݣѾһΪ̼˵ˣֿĪɵؽѪͯǬɱ𺳵ڼ̵ʱһɵĳֱ
ǼˣʤЩˣҲһϲҲĪµʵǴӼտ֪Ī֮Ϊʱ򣬻ֻĪܹһǡǰˡ
˭ҲûϵƽڼҲɽ¶ˮĪ£ȻһܹǵʿܹͣϢһαǣζѾ޵۷֮ˣֻҪٽһܹͻֱʥأ
Īšǰһһ΢Цؿ
ĪһֱЦ˵ͷûйʲôֱտ֮Ŵ˵գʱ¶ݰɣ
ЦҡҡͷһģĪô϶ɣǺǣȻٵ͵ΪŬԵȫ֧ˡǺǣѪءЩ֧ǵҹҼңһԯûдɾ飬ͽҺˣ
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ͯǬսǰ˵ѪڡҪ뿪ѪɽˡغȻڵѹڣͯǬʬ壬ϧ
ս֮ǰͯǬĪѾ˵ˣвһʢɶһĿ֮£ƺҲ޻˵ֻܹĬĬͷ
һѪڵˣѹ̧ͯǬʬ壬ɫص߳ѹȡ
ɫЩ֮⣬ʣЩѪڵˣ;ߵʱеĳ޺Ρ
˶ף֮Ѫںͼҽǲ֣ܹ֮⡣
ˣû˵ʲôʵôĲпᣬ֮ǰѪڻѪɽŵϺŵĴȴΪһսĺģòѪɽϺ뿪
ǰͬ˵ĺһˣѾѪɽƳȥˣºѪڶƺǱߵɵ뿪ƺĴʹɳʵ
ЩΧ۵ɸ֣ͨһεʢᣬͻȻʶ˼ҵĿ£ԭһ֪СɣһٳѪɽҫĿһɣҵǿѾǲɱ顣
ңԺͺؼҽá
ʢỹδ֮ǰһֱЩִߣ׷˺ͺؼϵԴżΪԵ˼мС嵱̬ȣԸͺؼҹˡ
֪¡ʼչ΢ЦؽһӴһ飬֪¡˶֪Щ֮ԻͻȻ¶ģȫΪ𵽵á
ô֪¡˵Ŀ⣬򼧼ңǸͬݲ˺ϲӰ
ԸԳģҵõһο֮һһΪɽȣҵõһɽȣûκ飬ƺ壬Ҳͬ޻˵
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һʱ䣬ݾԪǸƶ֮صļңΪܻӭһЩһϼ޻֪֮ҳˡԯ֮󣬶ʶҵκ˶赲ģˣǷ˼ӣʾãޱȡ
һѪɽɵŮҲ֪ԴʲôҩҲ׷׹ȿֺؿգЩ崿ġǻŮ·𽫼յĿİ£֮󣬵ǳƵ
ЩŮĳǣҲ֪ʲô˼ֹȡ˷̬мƤϼһ޵ʤĪᣬԼŮͽôôƽ⡭
ʤĪ΢ЦЩݺݺ࣬Ҳ֪Ǻˡ

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СʦãһȻʵĲʲôöһΡһλءӢһ꣬һĵؿ˸һ£Ϊһᡣ
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µļʦֵΣЦ
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ЩΣʵڲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ʦ֣Ҳû˵ǵȷȷûܹƺôСӡСǸţ㿴ɥЦŰ¡
СӺͺغȻϵǳһᾡ£ҪȻҲȥǱˡ»лЩεҡҡͷСƿǣɽɳڶ޲ýŮңҲûϵȻ
ʦ֣ȰȰɡܹСһĴ򶯣ʯڣԺܹˡ
һ˵˵С־ᶨҲһЧ¿ЦΣҲûϵʢ漧վȻ˳ͷ˼һġԯѾȫˡ

ңҪ뿪һˡһȺݺݺೳͷ͵ļգ̲סˣЩŮô룬ͻȻǵİΧ˳ȥգۼɢ
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һεεŮΧ๥һ㣬ԴгζļëȻƤˣòӳ
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ҿһƺ壡ͻȻͷһ˫һԵӣ۾
Ҳƺ塭ҡͷЦ˵Ұģһҳϣһһ֪ͼˣѪɽ֪Ǻһٳɵģ⣬ûѪɽ֮ǰѾ̫ˡ
ƺȴɳܹѪɽԭ˺ؼҡʯǵİһֻɳ֮ϣˣһ˽ˣңô˽
һ죬Ѫȡɳĵλôʵ
ҵҰģѪɽŤͷ˺һۣһõЦݣѪɽ˵̫Сһ㡭
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һϢԺµһмʮʿɫ׹¶һȺΧԵĶǡ
սپȫɵҪκζȫ֮󣬱뿪Ԫ֮ǰѹͿһ˷Ը
İɣ֪ôԪôһƵطҲûκֵǻʱѰ鱦ͿЦЦ
һע⣬֮ȷֳһ˶סȿڣҪһ˻뿪ɽȣҺȵ
һĻ񶾴ĺ¸֣ӸԪȥ
ӰԪȺ󷽵ͱüͷעԶԪȣ˼һҪҪְ
ѵǾţüͷ⡣
ط˵ͷ󲮷ԸҪðȻԪȵ飬ֻԶԶţԪҪǽˣǲſԽȰæ
ȫڵѹȣʲôܹãһɷûѪɽ֮ǰɶɱ˲գ۵ķӣǳһһô죿ԥһ£ʵ
طһ£Ҳǡһ£˵Ƕҽɽȿŵ㣬һҷּûʲôֿԻȳְǳûϹȥˡ
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ܹ֮ԪȺǽڹΪؼżʿԷУԲܹͨվͱڸЩһɽǰ롣
һһʯڵˣҲԪȺһĬĬעߡ
ףط边Ȼȥˣô£ʯڵһɻ󣬲ʱΪʲôôɡ
˵ˣҲԸǰؼӦúһԶԶŶԣΪʲôȥأʯںӰһʯڵʵ
Ӧǲİɣ϶һΪܹӦʵһ£ü˵

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һĻһĹӰӣ䲻ںطֳطУ͵תͷ
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ֻܹһʿȻ٣ȴĸʿֻ·һвŻԥغˡ
񾪿ֵǣطΪһʵʿܷɣ
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ܵңֻԪһңͷһֻһɰͰ͵צ󡭡
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ǻȥɣﲻҪǡľ޹ƵںɽԳһ˫İɨһۡ
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뿪ԪȺɽط衢һ
˺һۣ˾룬һЦźط裺ոɽڣǸӰӾˣ
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˵ͷͻȻѹ֣λ赭дɱңǡǰʿɣ
ǰʿطһؿ϶ϵϢΪ£˵ģ
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ҡҡͷط϶ϣΪҼϣϵϢһġ
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ҡҵӣ˺ö࣬ȫǡȫǺЩ˵ʬ尡죡ĸʿĸʿ˴СУæǰͣٽһ
ܺƸ˵Ļæ嵽ǰԶԶǸһۡ
ֻһۣܺɫ䣬ߣ뿪Ѫɽ뿪
һȺͬĻѪڵˣûиϵԪȣͿǻɢ飬ȻɱڵǣˣĵҪΪͯǬѩ޵ܺƣһ뿪ĺ
ڵԶԶƳһնУ֪Ϊʲôĵ׷һ˿⣬ͻȻʶͼӲȥƺѪڵ֮

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ԸԳصõ֮һڼյĽ£ƺʧأʧȥ˺ºѪҲʧȥģһЩѪɽɣͺغȻ˹ʶ
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غȻţԽϵľԽʢȵط衢˽֮󣬺غȻһ˼գԥһ£غȻһأʵգôһ£Ǽңʱˡĸ֣
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ԯԪΪԯڣֻҪŹµĿһĿĸоɽұڶѨʱ򣬺׾ܹƽϢ񣬽غһ֮
ԯڣǲԪʯƾȻȻƵԪҲɽɽĶ࣬ԴӰᵽԯ֮󣬼ǣר־Լ¼ҡ
أڹεһȦ֮󣬰ͷƴӺɽɵЦѯʡ
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˹ЦԵ÷ǳˣ˵ճ°ǺǣЩСѾͷҿͦģϲģɷչչ
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ϣǺúõģǧ߶غȻѾ˹˽ˣЩѪɽ֪ˣ֪ǳʲôءʤһ̾һЦ
İɣзִġƿοһ䣬ղ˵Ҫ˶ãͻԯͶˣǺ˵˵ֻҪžͺˡ
ڴֵĻԻ͡һȻꡣ

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ϥڶѨ룬һȥʱһˣϵĽ⽫ʯڶҫԣ˲ΪԼ߽һС
ȭͷСĽԪѿҺһ壬ĽѪûԪʧУֻʣǽм
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һǴĽ⣬ȻһڣȻһ䣬һһ͵شƤݳ˲֮Уٱ䣬Ҳһ˲ʧ٣ɫָֻ
ļգͻȻôվһֽŽǣһѸڶѨζʱһԾ͵ʯ֮ϡ
ϵģһʯڣˮܴһ㣬ͻȻûʯ֮С
ֻһʯбʧһֻʯһðľʯе飬һֻûʵ
ǧӰʩչʯƮȥʱʱʧұϣȻִұͻȻðڶѨ֮УƺܹŤۣһֻûйĸо
һȻʯͣЦŴӽӴȡһѨڽסڵľʯƿ
ôһʱ䣬ûӲǽȫһ飬̫¼˵˵һ㲻Ԫ֮֮ûһ谭ɵֽн͸ˡ
֮֮Ѿ˻ڴɽ֮ɵĴջǳϲʶ֮һô
ˮ֣һ𣬴ɽڽսо֮ʿԽõ£ľˮˣͿսнڵȡʤǺ˾̫࣬Ҳܹѵ

ʯһӲӽ䵽ϣƢķҷŨŨԪĸУһĿĸо
վͱϣԶһεض¥һϤϲףȻʶԼʢŬûа׷ѣЩˣʼµסԼļҡ
һɴӰȻӲԶֳǵӣôϲ
˵ûҵķԸòҪ뿪ɽ𣿡üͷһ壬ɫЩá
Ǹ㵽˼ңΪԸͿأǲҰޣǣҲһɡһ˫ӺηŨŨԹӵѪɽʼǾֻܹҹɽڴţֻйʱ򣬲ܹһˣµɽȣǣǾֻܹɽڣΪʲôΪʲôôԴǣ
סڣҲΪǺãľ޵Ӱ䲻ڰԣغǳⰢ
Ȼľ޵ĺǳ£ҲǿֻҪССɣȰȻȰɽеĻݣϲұڣֹҲܹһֱȥ
ŮӣŮӵһЩȺãԭĶײľ޴ͷһΣȻͽܣһֱŮ֪ѾͷִֺͰãҲ֪Ȱ˵
ŰЦŵ˵ͷ붴ɽ߶ŮӦòҪûǽɴţЩܵһ費˼㡭
աĪµԶԶɽǰ΢Цһ
ľޣòҪ뿪ɽͰǲͬľ޼䣬ճĪȥ
Īţʲô£ĪߣЦʵ
գǲǵϴκ˵飿Ѫɽʢ֮˵Ҫȥط
μʢ֮ǰҹ̽Ԫȣͻ֮ڻȥ·Ī£˾ͼǰԯһºĪ±ʾҪʢ֮󣬴ǰһط
ĪţʱˣһȻʵ
һֱʱ䣬һʱЩǸոհ⣬ҼԯѾ죬ҲתҲ㡣ĪЦ˵
áյͷüͷʵĪţȥˣҪҪ֪ͨүүǣ
Һ˵ˣҪ֪ͨǣȥˡĪɨһȥľޡԼ˵뿪֮ǰȥһǼˣǶһ¹ڵ쳣Ѫڵ˵ȥǲ飡
ţ֪ˡ˵ͷתľޣ˼䡣

Ұɽһ찵صءҰɽǶѪɽ
಻ĻҰɽڣлҺɫɽγɣЩƮɢڻҰɽγһ޴ޱȵĻҰĻҰɽסǹⱻǻҰĻסɽ֮ڡ
ˣҰɽ綼ڻҰ֮УҹֲָɽߣûкõѿԵ
֪ǲΪҰɽĻԭ򣬻ΪҰɽأأյʱ֣ڻҰɽߣҲ󣬸һֻĸо
಻ĻҰɽڸޱضǣޱܹӦأڻҰɽĴε˴ɱֹһҰɽЩ޸һӵϣצѪԼĲӭ̬ȡ
֮⣬Ұɽڣ֪ǲΪأһЩڻҰɽеˣ겻֮䣬ֻҪߣһЩصظЩ˵
ҰɽһЩصĵطۼһŵϢЩ׷׳չ޸ӿµĹǹĶ˵Ļǣ
Ȼ֮⣬Ұɽ֮鱦طԪʯ󳡣ʿ֮˽˻ҰɽֻҪܹ޵Ĺ²ܹõԪʯ鱦
ޡ챦ǻҰɽص㣬ӻҰɽγеʿЩΪгɵʿŶ鱦ĿҰɽڻҰɽõ鱦ʿȷڡ
ԶڻҰɽˣȴЩ߳ʿҪö࣡
Ұɽ߽ǣ̧ͷ죬ԶڻҰĻ£಻ĻҰɽһڵصħһɭɲĸо
죬ոĪڴԯôһأֻվڻҰɽıԵشĸһ£ͷԶĻҰɽˮľѪɽŨࡣ
֮⣬ҲУ۾ظӦһ£ƺܹԶĻҰɽдĻ
һһȻԱߵĪ£ĪţطҪĴ𣿡
Ҳ֪ĪҡҡͷһֱĹԣ֪ƺԯҰɽľڼҹϵľ伮棬йⷽļؼ¼ÿһӻҰɽ߳ԯ֮󶼻ʵȴڻҰɽľ
һȻĪ£ʵÿһԯйҰɽļ¼ÿһԯӻҰɽ֮߳󣬶ʵ£
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֮ǰȥһ˻ҰɽҲʲôûз֣ôҰɽһΣÿһζ޹룬ҲֻԯܹڻҰɽõһЩջɡ
ҪĪô˵տԶ֪ҰɽôΣɽʱûʿ֮ǰ˵ҰɽصĹŹˣʿĿУҰɽһ֮ء
ܹʿ֮ǿ߾µĵط࣬Ұɽһʿ̸֮ɫһ׾֮أ
ѾЩȲˡΪ˷ܣܺԼһġԯܹڻҰɽʲô¡
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һҰɽɫͻȻһķ紵ֹסһһëëĺ⡣ĪҰɽΣĻΪϤǰ·ʲô룬ֻҪںĬĬžˡ
ɽУҲһЩص󡢺һЩаĴӰڣʱʱһëȻӤĿǾ
ҰɽΧǱȽСһ֣Խ棬ԽСһ㣬ЩǳѲһǱסǻ᲻ݵزֱͬΪֹĪأЩڶϲϻصĿ
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Щһһ䡢ɱ¾ϢʹЩϴЩϢ·ĳĪƺܹӰ꣬òֳһ־ס꣬Ⱦ̫ϵϢ
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СģǡĪƺΪ˼ЩǱڹӰ֮еϵس
Īţ˵һȺΧһûܹ߳ҰɽʲôʱǸʱʲô磿յ˵ͷûĴǰеĪ²ǰȥѯ顣
ʮǰɣӦ֮һȺЩ࣬ˮûлãЩΧ֮£ҵֵķǳѣҪǣҪǱȣĲܹ뿪ҰɽĪºȻͣһпģ˾ˡ
˭㣿зǳ棬̲סʵ
ô࣬ҴעΧ쳣СͻȻȺĪƺԸ̸£ǳһ䣬Ȼͷ·

һͻȻԱߴһȺʮצһƬ֮ð˳ֱ߳˹Ϊһϴ󣬳ɫģڻ谵գۼͿҪաĪˡ
ԸоһҪЩǿϼһ䡢жĿϢ췢һͷƤĹ
ãȺôͻȻȺĪɫȻһ䣬ƺڵƳϣؾҪֹ
ڣܻͻȻӼͷųһ˲䣬һܱҫͨҫۣʮצ嵽ߵʱһæͣΪһΧżաĪ¿ҵķ裬ɾǲҳ֮С
ͷųĻ棬Ż˷һаʥϢΪЧ
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ףĪһֵؿһŻȻϲҲһˣõǻ֮壬֮ǱͶЩаſãĻ˵ϢǼɼ֮ͻ۶ɣѹЩҿˡ
һ£ĪָһԸһ˵һһˣԪʿһҲҪеͷʹΪܹдһʱ䣬һ֮УԪʿӦҲͷţģ
ԭռˡЦЦֱŻҰɽȥһһĪйػҰɽ
һ죬˶ڳŻҰɽȥʱ䣬޺һһ㶼Ī㶨ЩȺӵˣɼʩչһƵЩҿ
һһСĺһ·ϵల£û˵鷳·ĪΪϤһֱǰ·
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طСǧޡ˵ǧۼǶҰɽԶԶܿطЩҰɽʿرҲҿǧޡ˵ǧޡʢ鱦һֽĹʵΪأЩشʿǳãһֿȺԪ챦ĪЩ˷ܣϵƶƺգҪȥǧޡ
ðҵҪǧޡеǧǲôȻôʿҪܿ˵ͷպĪˣǧޡȥ
꣡
һ죬ӽŵ״ȻյͷһֻҶԳһͷǹǣһͷǹǣӦ˲ˣ͹ڵҶһҪһŲȥƾǺѷ֡
꣡꣡꣡
˵룬²ϵشִ죬ö࿴˶֪ɽڵʬҲ֪жʿǧޡһ·Ѿ洦ЩҶеʬˡ
Щˡ¶ɽڵʿһҲ̰ɽУ졢֮ʿգСģԽߣĪԽǳأϵضСĶԴ
İɣһעġյͷ
һ仰һ䣬һƢ㣬ȻɽǰƮ˹һħһľ޴֦棬̾һצЩڲ泤ģ˳֦ҡζƮš
һòСɽһ㣬֦ɷ֧ǧǧҲǧġСġָڹ棬ǲ۹ʵ
֪ǲΪᵽ˵ϢʱЩȫûһǺǧ˫۵Թޡ塢塢˷ܡȵɫʵôĪ¡ϡ
һɽһĸϢ͵شһòͷųֱżաĪӿ˹
СģĪ¾һǹ͵شб˲䵲˵ǰ˫ڣͻȻĳµľ磬ʯһӲ޷϶
ЩǧϢǴĻӿʱּֿԪ޽ķǧɸκ谭ĪͷųǹڣҲܹǧɸ
ߣͺһʯ˫飬Щĸ
Թޡ塢塢ĸ֮ԺеһȦȴδܳߣЩûһãִӼյԺƮݿ໬һߡ
Դ޴󷨡ļգһֱڼ־֮ᶨһܹ¡Գܵʹ࣬һıʯҪͣһ㸺ϢӰ졣
Īºͼˣôű鲼ľ޴ӭһǧͷųĸϢ־ᶨˣ궼δմǧϢӰ죬Ȼ
ǧһԣԸעˣһҵһ沨һӿ˼աĪˣᶨǰǧ鲻Ϊ
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ͻȻ䣬ǿþ޴Ĺ棬˾춯صĹǺ죬Ǽ䣬ǧһһ˳һצĿسĪ¡˳˹
ǧƺ˵ĸϢӰ첻˼ᶨ־ȫ
ĪţסԼл˻֮Ϯմһ
գ׾Ҹ׾ؼҲǴ˶Ը뷨Щ˺¼֮⣬֮׵Ī¼æӦһ䡣
˻һɫһϲһЯŻϢĻ׹һչ춯صĺڶը׵ĺһЩӵһ֮ıˡ
ʮӱܲ׵ıըɢ׵ĻΪޣԶҲܹؾۻ֮
Ī˵Ȼ¼֮¾׵ĳͷһױѿǼһ㣬׷ײһеӱܣֻҪһ³
ֱʱ򣬼ղ֪ԭ׾ôѹֵĪҪʿؼʱĪ»Ƽһ׾ǿ׾ϰˡ
䣡䣡䡭
׺֮УչЦηسһȥһըԱըһ˵ļղǧĴӱܣһ̵ļգ·ǵĿǡ
ǧ뿪֮һ֦Ҷޱïʢ棬ͻȻԳȭͷСɫˮ۹ʵЩʵ沼Ļƣ˵Դһ㣬һȥ͸һַǳ𺳸С
մһٶԽԽˡ


151 ֻһΣˣ
Ī۷֮Ȼûϰ׾ǹƾǹ⻷ܹ࣬󲿷塰ǧޡе塣
պһȻû֮Ŀֲʵ֮ѾûԪ壬֮ʥϢɱټ׾֮ױЧֻ޵֮ļգвĪ»Ҫࡣ
ֻ֮ӶԲϵش׵ĺһצǾ׵һըϻɢҲܹۼ
ǧޡ룬һþ޴ޱȵ֮棬̾һµżյĿͻЩ֮̾ϵ׷״Ϸһĳ
Цֺȥױǰγɾ޴ױ
䣡䣡
ĺǰд֨֨ĹֽУϴһЩױӱըѿȴûлɢȻ˺ѵֳ
Щ;ʱ򣬾ǺһԱһЩΪ΢֫Уѿ壬ڼ̵ʱڣޱȵĻָûܵױӰһ
СģЩͨԵСָһҲһըǣǧСģĪںȻѡ
һըǣǾͶκˣؿ׳һ£ҵԪѸתΪ˾ֱͨۿȥ
Դн֮Ѫⲻǿ࣬ԪתٶȶҪ
䣡䣡
ǿױǰըЩողŻָԪ͵ķѣ֮ǰشļֻ;ûеõСĲ䣬һεױһ䣬ˡ
ֻҪױܿǣǾͺðˡһЦպηسһ֮Ҫժļ
֨֨֨֨֨һ״̬֮ͻȻ¶ڼʱ׳ֻһ򣬾ͱʮףһڼͷ档
ЩΧ֮һ׷׾ۼһ쳤ϣǸϵϢϵǿһɹаϢϵشһֻͷų
ûû𣿡üͷһ壬գһδõ֮ͨǣ͵¶Ө͸Ļ֮УһСǿȼԽԽ
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۶ɵĻ壬ЯŷһеĻͷޱȵĳƷһֻ޴ޱȵ˲һֻڶɵĿ´ھһ
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ȻʮֻڹɳָһȴڹѪоڹһָָоˣüӦһ£ɫȻȻʶڲ֪֮Уڹ·һˡ
˰ָлڹڣƽҲûиоڹڰָڣⲢΪˣǣڹǳһ֣ڹ
ָоǳƽʱû⣬ֱոڹХʶԭڹһֱָݷ
֨֨֨֨֨֨֨֨һֻСţһ˫ɫӳ޾Թޣϵڼȥ
ϧһֻȴʼղܹͻƻ˵ķôСУ˸ֻܹżһĪԡ
õˣĪţ߰ɡĪԣһװеʾĿĴɡ
Ī·ǳϲЦŵ˵ͷǳһ貵ĹŽΧƹˣϿʼ⳷ߣһĲǳ֣Ȼܹ챦ܹۼ֪һһҪ೤ʱ䡣
أǶˡһνҪߵǧޡʱһսĻˣĿĻ򼧳ա
žȥĻ֮ǣ뼧ģ֮ǻΪһ̣Сһš
˵ĻǣʲôطģôܹڱĪ·ǳ棬һѯʡ
˵Ԫڣ֮ǰ˵Ԫǳ֡ȥʱ򣬼վԪͻ˵飬Ī½һĪ棬Ȳѡ

ӡǧޡ֮߳󣬼ռĪҰɽȥʱƣĪµнٶԽԽҲԽԽĪ̹ԣǰҰɽҲû뵽Ұɽ棬Ҳ̫
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ԽĹޣԽǿµǸ϶ǿʿĻǾۼеɵģһʿݱɵΪ£ǳǡĪһȻ򼧳ս֮ͣǰͻ˶սһֻʿݱɵģʿ֮ˣǵҪһǿϼʮһܹۼ࣬Ϊ֮ӵеҲἫΪ£
Ҫ׾ܹлԪҪǺһˣսǾһ֣֮
Ī¶˵Ҳ֪һʿǻΪôˣһֻܹһСĻܹۼγԼķȦͻһսʱĻֻǽЩۼµСˣȴȻ
һѾһǻۣ
ԶӰ죬Ī£Խһ߲͵СɽǼҰɽȥ
ҹʱ򣬻ҰɽֲָڻҰɽߣֻܹԵԶһ״۾ѿ
ǼգҲܹ֮ľڻҰɽҹҪҪͣϢεܣκοܵı仯ĵס
ҹڰУաĪ˲ǰУ˷ʱʱش޵ĵĿ֮СһҪŸɡ
գҹԶвһ⣬ǻҸطϢɣ˵һĪ·Ե޵͹ԽԽ࣬Щ
ţҹǺ޽սǵȷԿЩһӦ˻ҰɽһУǲͨ۾ͿԲǵľ巽λڰнռݼıˡ˵ͷͬĪµ顣
һʯ棬աĪһϥںڰô
֮Ѿû֮ǡԪԪһ飬ڻҰɽ֮УˮľԪΪŨϥŽһˮԪóϱжЩʪˮ
ЩʪǳҴű˵ˮŵˮԪҲǳҺ״̬лţƺҪָͨ϶
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⣬һҹһˮԪ꣬ٶҲ̫һ
һɻشϥվડһεξӨˮΣϡͷϵڵأЩˮ֮ϣˮѿһСˮηɽȥͻȻΪˮ
һ£һˮԪҪȸŨʮ·ЩˮԪʲôԶ㼯Ƶá
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Цŵ˵ͷտ϶ĪţҰɽеľˮԪŨߣܹеõĺô
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Ҳ֪һڻҰɽд೤ʱ䣬Ҳ£ҲһأôʱʵûҪҪ񼧼һΣգ򼧼ңҲܹģĪţȻȥɡ
ĪؿкһĪƺŻعЦŵ˵ͷȻܾûô򵥣ҼڻҰɽУƺҲĲܹİˣЩҰɽüˣҲֻߵˣĸߣҲ̫
Ҫ˻Ԫܹû˵Ļǣټ׾ֶɱĹؼڻҰɽиҪҰæˣҾͻȥˣڻҰɽػؼҵʱ򣬼һȻ
ĪţֻǲҰװ˷ʱ䣬ûб˼ġĪôһ˵ռæ͡
ЦŰ˰֣Ī˵ؽ黳⺢ӵ˼ף㲻һðգԼҲøûʲôˣԲŻĻȥ㲻ýˡ
ǺãĪŻȥ·ҲСһ㣬ǧһͱˡ˵ͷûжȰ˵ĪûʲôãԼû׼ֻװ˷Īµʱ䡣
ĪҲˮɾػ𣬾ôֿˡ

Ī뿪֮󣬼Ѱһľˮ̶ˮ̶֮УʼĬȻˮԪ
ľˮ̶У׷ˮ̶֮ǰӦȷˮ̶ûڡˮ̶ԶһЩޣȴûʲôв֮ǰźͰָеڹϵһͼߣָеڹͻ
ʳѪڹ棬̳һö֮󣬱øҲӵѪײУһͷ˫ͷ߱ʮֻڹ洩֮󣬸һЩ޾Ҳҿڵһˡ
Ұɽˮ̶ˮԪΪŨˮ̶֮УȡӴеˮԪһóˮԪˮ̶һ
ˮԪһ߷ˮԪ̫¼İˮԪӲǽˮ̶еˮԪۼһЩˮԪһ֮УһֱĴ̼С
ˮԪ壬һرʹ飬ܺˮйأˮԪһҲûиտʼԻ֮ĴʹУˮԪˮԪڻʹвرǿҡ
ʱʱǷɿ죬Լ֪ˮ̶˶á
ڣѪⶼˮԪһˣģһˮһԪʼͨĲԺȥ
ǰε飬һˮԪӵḶ́Ƶ˳˳򱻱һԪϴӣһᵽһʹˣˮ̶ðݣһС͵һ㣬ˮ̶еˮ
Ҳ֪˶ãԺоȻ顱ˮȻתȻԼѾ̶ˮײëϸðСˮݣ徹Ȼˮ̶Ϊһ壬ˮ̶УԼ
߳ˮ̶֪ˮԪһأҲȥˡ
ûԥˮ̶˳ֲָĺڰ֮УӶùе쿪ͼѰһͷ޳
һΪȻӦˣüͷһ壬ϸĸһ£ɫ͵عŹ
ˣһ࣡ǻһ޳ɣ֮ʿ
ҰɽôãǵһһʿȻҲ֪ʿѻҰɽ鱦кܶʿҰɽ֮ǰȴû֮еʿ˼յȤ
ֲָĺڰ֮У˳ĸӦϢسһеʿ
һϮīɫĳۣݵӰϴһŲ԰ߣĬĬţϵϢԣὫɻҰɽһֻ
ףһüͷϣոӦһΪϤϢĲ԰ߣҲһΪơ
ˮǵʱ򣬼һߵϮ˱Юȥ̶Щ飬ȴԾܾˣһδ鱦õָùݵʱ˵Ϯڹһذףźòӳ
һϮīɫ۵ʿϵϢĲ԰ߣǸԼЩƣȻͬһˣͬһɻͬһĿԼü˺ġ
֮£һԲޱȵҹĬĬظһٹصʿ
˶ڻҰɽĵƺǳϤҹٶҲÿһζܹܹЩ̾һЩȽնпֲ޻׵أĿĵأûһԥ
ڼˮ𡢽һ飬ҽǧӰ԰̵ؼҲ˸ӣܹȻһʿ֡
һֱڶգҰɽʱ򣬼ջδٹĲ԰С
ءءĿǴŲ԰ߵʿһǲԭʼڣԽߣЩԽǸߴ
ͻȻһüʮ׸ߴĹ棬ԳһͱµķӣǷǴù֦ɺҶӽɣϸܹһ۷һͱµķӣֻᵱǹһ
ӰΡĸ֣һµķ֣һŲϷٲԵΪ
һͬŲ԰ɫߵӰӣšӰΡֵķð˳˶ïܵҶסһ˫ˣȥôãʲôջ񣿡
¼Ѱǵټˮƹڵļݵ㣬֪Ϊʲôй¶Ϣ¼Һ͸ʿɨһ飬˷ɽǸݵ㣬ʧأŴ߳ûм˹ͷ
Ϊʲôй¶Ϣ˭ڰа¼ңԳ¼ҵû֪ôݵģǳȥ飬ɲʲôΪʵ
ǶμңμϢͨиǵˣһЩطЩŮ˼ܣһݵ㣬Ȼܹ³һǽϢȥ֮󣬳¼Ҳܹǡ˵ͷ
ߣǸΪˣһ˫۾Ȼ֪ǶμЩŮڰнǵľݵй¶ȥǿʲôջƢ֪һû
ץ˶μҵѾͷжСɺ¡СѾͷռйڵ鱨ҲСѾͷǵй¶ȥġ˵
ץСģΪЦûõĶһȺ˳ȥȴֻץСѾͷҿôأʲôʱ͹
֮Ѿͷ˶μֱϵǳǶμҼϲУԿҪЮμңȡǶμҵĺ鱨æ͡
ҽȥԼ˵ɡһȻƮƮط˳ȥֱǹȥ˽ţ˸֪Щʲô˼
ڰһɫأ֪Լʲôˡ
ӰڣĦ̡ϼڳ¼鱦ɱ¾Ľɣʿ֮һԭһǸԼֵļһҲӰڵˡ
˵˵μСѾͷӦ䵽ˣСɺСѾͷΪɰμ͵ʱСѾͷȻӥȴǰæϢ֪ͨ˼ңʯ͵˼С
ڶСɺСѾͷĻмģͶκɽΪͶԵûСѾͷİڶκɽϣҲܹȡ
Ż͵ӦӰĴӪˣܹ֣ǾҪڹ·ˡ
һ뷨ԺѸٹһ飬ϴ⣬ֽСɺ˴Ӱڵоһ򶨣˳֣ԭ·һӲͣ
һٻҪŻյҲżڴſȴʮֻ߶伢ȻԼڵصףһһĬĬصȺš

ڶ죬ҹʮϢشԶ֡
ڴļգĲ˻ʮϢϸĸһ£ʮеȷŶСɺѾͷϢѾͷ֮⣬ʣµӰڵһϢȣһ֮ļһȻǸֵ͵Ϯߣ
̫¼ڵ˵ϢǳУǱڰԸоˣһһγ֮󣬼ʶһˡ
ʿ֮⣬ʣӰڵ˴󲿷ֶ졢֮Լ˵û̫в
ǷˮתˣֵСүԸˣЦ˶ǱڴƶŷλʼѰѵĳֻᡣ
أһʮԽԽˣǸʿȻǰ棬һԲؾţһƱϢڲݴӹӼǿҪ˴Ӫǲҷɡ
ڣһ̤ϼͷ
һɿֲޱȵȻ±һ˲Ͳ쳣һ֮󣬾Ҫһء
ϧյȵľһ̣Ųλã
־צһ㣬͵ؿĽû뿪ֱϴܣȼΣһѷâ˵ĺͲ
֮ͬڴһܹͱӣŴʹ˲䣬ʶԼˣһ壬ҲͬʱСģصˣ
ֻüôһ仰ͻȻܻ˳ųĸܻȻһ޼᲻ݵĽ֮ûӦͷһɽ֮飬һܲסѪؿڽһƬ
һӽɽʱߣȻӴһԾЩֻ졢֮Ӱʿɱ¾֮ûʲôֵĻᣬֻһ㱻ɱ⡣
Сɺ˱ſڣֽŶʵӿ۽۾ҲסʲôԵĲҽ֮СɺˡءУΪμˣַߵע⡣
ЩӰڵɱ֮󣬼ղû⿪Сɺ˵һʿԣ͵ƿߡ
һݹ᾵ĳֳһľֲ˼ֵˣȧݣһΪʹŤΣĿ־֮ɫżΪʲôΪʲôɱǣȻûȴıˣ˭󻤷ˣǽˣ
ϵЦеżװȫսˣ˵˭ٺ٣벻ɣγֶԸңûҶһΣȴ군ˣ˵ɣΪʲôҪȥ̶뵽̶Щʲô
ٺ٣ԭ㣡Сӣû뵽㻹ţܺãӰ㣬Ƚμҵˣܲģ˵Ѫɽǰɣٺ٣ѪɽǺܽŰɣһ仰꣬ɫһݣ͵رѿһĻ껯Ϊɣ˷Ʈȥ
䣡䣡
ױȻǼĻ걻ױһըͻȻΪһֻ̣һǿޱȣȻױĹ֮»˳ȥһգ۾ɢټȥӦʱȴʲô
΢䣬͵Сɺˣһץһһ˼æ뿪һпܻᱩ¶ĵط


152 ѩͼѪ
ڵҹ޵˻ҰɽеаƺԾҹ˷ܵչԼ˴һ⡣
һͺɽ󷽣ȻγɵɽѨУͷϲ䳱ʪߣնɱ
ͷߵʬ屻ӳȥ֮󣬼ռ棬ʪĶѨ濾ůܻ棬ŶСɺССѾͷ
СѾͷֱһۿһ⣬Ūƣķλ
գҰɽʲôطɲǺİСɺ۾һֻűӣѨôôôôһõط
һ̾ɽѨлϵȳζǽù˼ʲôҲõĻЩ޵ϮҰɽطһҹΣնή٣СΪڻҰɽһʱ䣬˵˽⣬֪ӦôȫԼ
ллǣҪȻЩӰڵˣҪҪЮμҲɣû뵽ӰڵĴӪȻڻҰɽѹǲôãûܹȷǵĴӪλáüͷһǳȵģ
ǻǳ뿪Ϊ˵һһ˳ȥпܺܿ콫Ϣ͵ӰڴӪһӰڵĽ֪£һڻҰɽѰǵ٣ʱ뿪ҰɽˡСҲǿʶǰСʯӡ
Ǳ뿪ҰɽٵĻпܾԶȥˡ˵ͷһȻȥʱСģҰɽ޼Ϊ£ñܿǣǵʵ޺鷳
˶ֻ֮Ϊ־ʵڻҰɽߣȷǳΣգȺȺСѾͷ
ո磬˵һȥܹ뿪ҰɽĻж󣿡Сɺؿ۾գգģȻԻҰɽҲ֪һ㣬һû֮ʵڻҰɽڿʱпɥİҪǲǣôǻȥӰڵ˲׷Ҳֻ·һ
СԣͻȻһĬСѾͷĶԻҰɽ˽⣬Ҳ֪Լľ΢뿪˼գҪ߳Ұɽȷǳѡ
ڶμҵʱСѾͷȻһ׽ŪºȴΪ飬СѾͷȻƤһ㣬ԻɰģǿڶκɽϣҲܹȡ
ôһ˵üͷҲ˺һ̧ͷСѾͷðɣǳҰɽҪӦһ顣
˵ɣɲҿŶҪ۸ǣӣСɺæͷЦ˵
ȻʧЦҪǸ۸ǣκɽҪҷɫһڻҰɽڣһжҪҵģһʱ䣬ϤҪĻҶŵù
֪֪ˣĺˡСɺЦŵͷСҲ˼Цݣʾͬˡ
Ǻã׼һ£һ뿪ȡ̵ʱڣͳҰɽյϣûйԥѾʼǻȥȷ·ߣڻȥ·ϱܿЩȺ̾յء

պܿ췢ļƻвͨһҹ˵ڶʱڻȥ·ϣʼһЩٹصӰڵˣ֪ǲΪһƬӰڻΧԵʣʱһӰδļգȥ·ȴʱܹиӦһɹΪ
ָɵӰڵʿ֮ʱֵʱ򣬺Ȼһ֮Ӱڸֳ֣жѸݣߣϴŶСɺСѾͷ·ܹǸʿûзѾͷ֮ǰ߿
ûжСѾͷ׸ȫϢرܿʿɵشһͨȻССѾͷû̫¼ֻ֮ΪͶ㲻Ǹʿ̽
ȥУϤĳȥ·;УӰڵڻţǲ³ǻᾡ뿪ҰɽЩ˶ڻҰɽϤ̶ԶԶǣԭ뷨뿪ҰɽֻͶʿѾˣ֪жٸ߸ǸʿӦķΧ߳Ժ󣬼һأҲЩˡ
Ƕμҵ鱨Ӱ֮ʿڣӰ϶Ű֮Ϊһ󻤷ӦҲЩͻƵ֮ˣ֮ĸ֣ӰӦʮҡһȻһӰڵһ
ʿʮʿЦ֪ԼǽѪԪǿܹͰʿȻһӣȡʤĿȴ΢΢ʮʿһҲûпܽǽ
ôأСɥ̾Ϣ
Żȥˣǻ򣬼Ұɽ߰ɣҪԶӰڵķλҰɽӰڵĴӪҲֻڻҰɽΧѣûأֻҪԶӰڵˣڻҰɽһʱ䣬ӰڵѰͣˣлᰴһ·ȥһ£ոôһ
˵ģڻҰɽ棬ǶҪģ˵ô죬ôɡСɺεصͷȻЩͬҲֻ֪а˼·ȥܹиĻᣬԲûзԡ
С˺һۣҲһͷͬôɣģ

ͳһûлȥʼҰɽȥֻѡһӰڴӪƫķˡ
Ұɽ಻ɽһϣŨŨҹ٣и·Ļܹ򣬺׾ͻ·ȵڶ۾ܹԶʱȴԼҹ߹ʲôطǡ
ܶǰҰɽѰʿܹŴ߳ȥģйڻҰɽ·ľЩ֮Զ߲ҰɽҲΪ֪Լȷλã˷һСĽ̾ɽȣȺе׵أ޺ĸˡ
ѩǺѩеһ֪Ρɽеʱ򣬶СɺͻȻ˷ֱָɽһ鲢ر۵ұڣһʺ죬ɻ״滨ǿұڷ϶УһſֻĴָСѩ׹ʵڻ룬Ǻÿ
һ·һֱɥĶСʼձֽĶ£۾ͬʱһ˷ܵźѩѾͷ۾һЩǵԼ֮ǰ˵ĻˣؾɽǺѩժˡ
׼ͻȻͺһӰһΣ͵СѾͷǰȻˣ˵ڻҰɽʱǶҪҵģʲô鶼Ӧҵͬ⣡
ո磬һֱĻûСɰգգ۾򼧳յʱ⻹ұϵĺѩɨɨǺѩҮ֪ⶫֵǮˣڳ¼ҵ鱦棬һϽƷԪʯƷԪʯ֪ζʲôζš
ҲǺѩôֵǮ֮Ҷճնش˶СĻɫһ壬ָǰ˵ǰߣ
ô㶮ѩļֵһѩпܽľ綼Ųһ֪ѩγж𣿡ɫÿΪǺѩпʹγ꣬ﵽ۷֮ջ˵ֱԿܡ
СɺСҲûжһô۰Ͱ͵ذ
ո磬ȥѺѩժ˰ɣҲһʱģԲСɺʹˡ־żյֱۣ죬Ҳһģȴǲ֡
СȻû˵ʲôȴҲڴںѩķǳڴ
ˣ׼Ҷȥǽѩժԥһ£εصͷ
ҮСɺһϲ
СĶСѾͷһ䣬һ֤ԭز׼ɽұڣڴֱұ棬һԳһ룬ƽصһֱϳȥ;ʱһѺڵذףͻȻֳ
ͻȻҪǺѩʱһͷѪɫڵĹߣĴʯڷ϶˳һͷڹųɫС۾ȾѪһ㣬һײкݶĸо
ǳɫС۾ôضżգƺھ漧ղҪǰһ
ѪߣȻǼѪߣСɺɫȻһ䣬ɽ¼ո磬ǲҪǺѩˣɣ
СҲһļģһͷ澪Ҫðˣ
ֱʱСѾͷ֪ոռǣȷʵΪ룬֪ѩԱߵҷżѪػˣǸոðȻȥˣ֮Ϊֻ·һ
Ѫߣ綾ޱȣֻһѪǾ͵סˡ֮⣬ѪƤԪ͵кǿĵֿܹڿзУΪǡ
СѾͷڵ¼еʱ򣬼ѾͼѪ߲һ𣬼ѪߵȷǳѲյ׺ǼѪ߾Ȼη壬ŤֻǱ׺ƫһ㣬һֲ˹
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ذ׷˳ȥذһ磬ӲǽѪ߸ƵĲϵת䷽򣬳ôʱ͵شξ಻ؿӿ򼦹ѪߣѪڶʱڲܹ
ͻȻٳұɽڼѪ߿ŭХʱһץסѩĸѩ˳ҲһѪߣ͵ȥſڴȣߣ
СɺСѾͷ־ϲڼָķָ£ѸԶȥСѾͷһܣһ߻ͷһĻЦԵǼΪ˷ܻϲ
Ȼ䵽ɽ£ѪߵϣղûиСѾͷһӿ͵תֽɻذץУȻַɱǼѪߡ
ոɽʱǶҷ죬ѪǶռ˱ˣһܹѸҷУյĹôɵرܿˣһûܹ˵
ܻشһҷ޶ɽһûôˣһȰ㣬ǧӰתٶԽԽʱ򣬼ںСһ鷶ΧڣȻûĵһģһӰ
ǧӰôʱ䣬˵ɾܹͣûӰˣĿǰûӰʵʵӰӣֻ߱Ҫ޵һ磬ܹͨӦֱӰ
ӵʿֱܹӰǼѪȻʿûӰԳʱһˣżյӰͣ
ôһҲռݲˣذ׵ķղϵڼѪ˺ۣѪȴܹ˺ٶֵļգܿأǼѪߴ类ذУѪֹ
ѪԼΪˣߴ类˵£ȻҡҡλεطұѩҷȥҲ֪ǶˣΪóѪԵûãצҧ˰죬ûҧˣ֪Ƕˡ
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׺䡢ذסξһʩչվȫʼؼѪߣָеʮֻڹ涼˳ƱҪѪ߸նɱ
ƴôʱ䣬ҪŪսƷǣ
Ѫ߶Ԫ׺䡢ξƺżѵķֹܹ֮ǿطȥذƶߴ緽ȥʱͿʼηĶˡ
ʮֻڹϵЧڹ淢ˡ˷ֽܹԱȼѪ߸ٶȷֻлƶСڹ棬ܹͼͨƵģȻ뷨ӼѪߵߴ塣
ʮֻڹһڼѪߵߴʧʱǱǿҪɻҷ͵ڰһڼյע£ѪߵѸήȥѪڲͿƵġ
һûѪ⣬ֻʣһƤҡڣɫС۾ʧȥײеĹâܿģһƤƮߴ緽λȴûһѪ
һ֮ĸоӼзһ̣ĸоԼʮֻڹϵһʮֻڹصߡ
ϣ뼦Ѫеʮֻڹ棬ȻżѪߵƤңҡҡλεسҪǼѪֻʣƤѾûһ˿⿴ƣѪ߻ء
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ѪߵƤң䵽ս£ʮֻڹ棬һ˷ܵشӼѪߴ綴˳ΧżջһһֶԹԵֵİָ롣
Ϣ쳣еļգȴĸоʮֻڹϢԽԽǿֻǻƶСһֻڹǿĿȵһγɵ۷֮ʿˣ
ϼѪһƤذ״ߴ绮һָһ£ּѪߵѪ⣬ȷֻлƶСʮֻڹʳˣһƤֻʣһسǡ
СɺȥСѾͷʢ˸м
СѾͷ֪Ѫ߲׶Ը֪ѩԱмѪӲȥΪǶȡѩСѾͷǳظж֮ڵл
֮ǰԼЩĶ£ɫŤ󣬺ǲ˼ԥһ˵մ磬ԡԲҲ֪ѩǶмѪڣҪ֪Ҳ˵ʲôˡԲ𰡡
Цҡҡͷ˵ûʲôҰɽ鱦ܶ࣬鱦ĵط̾ᣬҺ֮ǰ֪ˣոҿѩʱͷй˼ѪߵĴڣһȰ˵ҹƶڵĽҲˣ䵽УҲΪǵĶ١
ո磬֮ллˣҪǣðȻȥѪֻ·һһ㣬ǺСɺٴεл
ûкСѾͷ˵ʲôսѩݸСѾͷԼѪ˽Ӵڡ
ѩֻԶСɺãѾгɵ˵ûʲôãͳȥһ㲻ۣǼѪ߶ȽãѪһƤΪʼֱ̫ʺˣ߹ǡҲ챦ʱ򣬻Ҳܹõš
Сɺ˴õѩ֮һԵ쳣˷ܣߴżѰһĵطǺþѩҩЧ̶ȵķӳ
Ȼ˵ʲôɫҹҪˣҲȷҪһȫҰĵطϢСѾͷɽȥҹɫ֮ǰҵһήĹпա
ذ˼£һŶСɺһ棬ϥǶԼϢ
ҹŶСɺ˸·Σ̫ߣټСѾͷõ˺ѩЩȲҹͲżˡ

ءءҹ˾ʱ򣬻ҰɽϵشһߺͣǰƮ֪Ժη
Ѿϰ˻ҰɽһеļգǲʲôûôŹ޵СѾͷȴЩðȻһӲǴ֮оѣЩĬĬؿ򼧳ߡ
СѾͷЩ£ȻȻϣܹõҪؽѩеգԲŻôΣСѾͷΧģ˺ͼ֮ľ룬ֻȭͷԶ
СѾͷɢݳ㣬۾ˣǶĬĬһգһĳëҲЩ߷ƣôؿնˣЩ֪Ǻá
أأأ
ԽԽƵԽԽ٣һڳһӽ·һȺҪƵģЩ˺˵ĶϹֺ˸ǾëȻˡ
СѾͷ־ᶨֻܹרһ׷ۣ֪˭ʼֳס˼յ½ǣֻһСѾͷͬʱ֣ץֱ۵ץֱۣץץֻ֮ȫ䵽յ档
·ַܹͨԼİһ㣬żգƺܹһǶĿ־塣
СѾͷڶμȻó裬ǱϾûоֳ棬ټʵޣͻȻ뿪˳谮ǵôһµľأôĻҵҲȻ
İɣЩǹвСѾͷץŵļգοСѾͷһ䣬ɿְɣץʲôãĻǻȻˡ
ġġġͻȻ䣬ǴһĻЩʱ򣬴һɭɭĺεڸŻȻпյĴ¿ʼۼˡ
ɫȻһ䣬ջȻվ
СѾͷ֣֪żվѯʣôôὲ˻
ˣһںȵʲô˹ģ
ȫǻаĿ˻ԽԽʼ߾ۼˡ
ˣһ֪һ鷳ˣвǰ취ɴ˳ȥںڰУֻһЩʲô˲ݣȻĶ飬һ˰Χġ
ڣߣ£һɭɭͻȻһȺԳһװˣɫҰףĿûи飬һȺ룬ƺҲϢ
ڣߣкָ̣ǾȣûϵҰɽеȻܹ˲ݣߵ֪пܾǱĳġ
һȺȱ˼ͷ񣬶˼ѱĹأһΧߣȴչɱһˡ
λӰҪҵˣǹһ㣬˺ܲ
ʲô飬ڣҰɽôһɣӰڵʲôϵӰڶԸ𣿡Сɺֲɫ¹ߣȴЩ
Ӱ㲻ǻҰɽˣǹҲûʲôϸ𣬲Ӱ˵ˣֻҪܹλץӰԸʮѵͯͯŮͽܣǹںѾܾԣίλˡһ˫ڼһȦĮȻ˵ͷͻȻХ
ߵХһЩͻȻˣ͵سżɱ֮ǰĲ²ⲻ߹ȻܹΪڵɣڻҰɽһ׷
ܹҲ֮ΪֶڻҰɽռżƣ˱ʱ򼧳տܲԸΪУڹ֣жСɺˣԣûѡء
ߣӰµòġһֱ͵ȼ棬һһûкľĻ֮ǣԳڵһΪ棬ͻ˵ĻһΪһ塣
˵ӯ̬Ȼֵʱ򣬹ɫȻ͵˷֮ǣ֮ϸߵȼĻҹطһܹҹ֮ͣﵽǳľ磡ãСӣ˵Ļǣˣ
߲˵˵ģ֪ǲĶڻ֮һԼֶΣҲֶΣֻ˼ǻ˻ǺһػɵĻ̬Ȼ˼Ĵ̼һ㣬Ƶļš
ɫһ䣬ոӦõߵХ̺ԪðХȻܹӰǵĸ֪̬ɣΪݵū͡
Ͱ̵Щ֮ͬ̬֪Ӱ˵־͸о֯һžв԰ΣΪͷߵȹ֮
˵ĻԪдһʱ䣬ôһŪ˵һͻܲˣΪūͣԪлǴĻˣʱȴţͼԪƶ
ۿХԽԽ󣬶˵ĵֵȴԽԽЦų֡
䣡䣡
׾֮ױȻͷųһһױˣ³ֻЩߵȼܹһӲۼһЩСΪһ£Ȼûӳȥ
ױһ׷˱ը׵ĺȫȥ˹ߵХ˻ͻȻХӰ죬ûػԪ֮С
׾ɫȻ䣬̲סһ˼ؿСӣô׾ؼʲôطѧģ
߼ʩչ׾֮͵ֹЩĹɫΪ졣
ôǲǷ׾ֱЩĿˣЦ
ô߱ǳŹ֣һ죬ֻ¡¡ıд˳б˼һۣ˵ô
׾Ҳ᣿ʲôطѧģӻձɫˡ
ĸطѧģ˵׾ҹڲ֮أרԸЩʵģܹ֮ѱӵ׾ؼйϵû׾ЩôҲǹܹڻҰɽȥԵʣ
ڲ֮أȻ
㣬ռɣؿһͻȻʵ
仰һ£߻˻֣ЩȫˣҲһжԵģʲôҪú˵
ռ³ģӰڸģձأҪ
׾ɡ壬ǹڣֻԨµһҵļˣûˡһ϶
µһôտЦ֪жûҰɽˣһԿ϶ǣǰԯһ͹йϵӣԼ֮ǰԯڻҰɽĽƲ⣬Ӧûô򵥡


153 ׾֮׶죡
СɺСѾͷվڼߣ䱸ؿ֮ͣȻѽЩԶˣǶܹˣСѾͷԵøӺ£֪ʲô
һʩչ׾߾Ȼ³ݣȻϲٰڳжԵļƣǸӡ
Ҽҡǹʲôϸ𣿡ˣüͷʻ
Һǹûʲôϸ𡭡עͣһ£ŵǹйϸģԯ
ԯͻȻһֹЦݣպǺ棬ԯǹйϵʲôϵ
ԯ𣿡߲ûлش⣬һ˫ЩаӽǼԯû֪ʸǹֻͼҵԯ򽻵
ǡǺһЦЦݸӹˡ
ͫȻݲȻض˼£٣͵ظʲô㡭ǼԯСӣɲ˵ģ
ǹȻɫСɺССѾͷҲǽһ䣬ؿ
ǼһԯϢӦҪ˶þͻᴫˣûʲôðġЦŽһ飬һɫߣԺ˵˵ǼҺǹڵĹϵ˰ɣ
ǲǼԯǹһ׼ķûȷǼһԯ֮ǰʲôܹ˵ȻǳȴûϽ֮Ĺϸ˵ûнҪ飬ܷһˣֻҪ˹ȣᶨݣڼҺ͹ڵĹϵԵ˵㿴Σ顣
аû£Ӱ겻ɢһ˹ڿҲ޷һ£üСɺƺڿǸôСѾͷ
ǺһȥСɺСѾͷͬ˵ԵΪ˷ܡ
ߣСѾͷȥǹڣû⣿һ£Цʹߡ
Ҳ޷˵ƺЩǣ仰ΪЩǿ
̫ˣСɺϲЦ˵һ֪ҰɽиأǺǣô˻ᣬȥʶʶСҲæһͷһȤģ
ӰڻѰǣǱҹͶֻҪңҹӰھҲҲˡ߽ԥһ£ʣΪʲôӰҪץǣɣ
ôǹںӰڣƲƲ졣
ҡҡͷЩмڻҰɽ棬ǹڲκˣµĶҲˡ
ˣС죬æʵǺʲô
߿ҲûСɫһתȥ˵ɣҴȥڣСѾͷҪܣڻҰɽ棬ܹ׾ɱǵĶǣҿɲܡ
У˭ҪܣոǵġСɺ˸Цеؿżգո磬˵ǲǰ
ûڻҰɽ棬˼ҲˡЦЦûСѾͷ˵Ź֪Ĺȥ

߶ڻҰɽϤ̶ȣԶԶպͶСɺСѾͷһֱڻҰɽ棬Ƕóʹ޵ϰָƣҰɽЩطȥЩطΣһ
ߴӰҹԹƺҲû̫Ӱ죬һҹʱ䣬ʼտٵǰ·;ûκεȺȺڶʱ򣬼շӰڴӪڵķλԽԽԶˡ
ڴ·ĹУֻͼһ˽СѾͷߴߴһӣڹڡȵһУǾڲᣬͼ˵ҲһЩҰɽ֮顣
ӹߵĿУ֪Ѿкܶû뿪ҰɽˣڻҰɽеĹ֮ˣƺ뿪Ұɽ˵İĺܡ
ԴУֳ߱˶ϵ׷飬һЩ淢ķǳƽͨ飬Ե÷ǳ棬ʱʱػɡ
Ȼô磬ΪʲôȥߣڻҰɽǳΣգǹڶڻҰɽôϤȥӦûһǰ⼧շǳ棬߼Ȼ磬Ϊʲôȥأ
⣬ֳ߱Ĭֻҡͷ̾һ䣬ƺʲô֮
ֱ֣üոӺں͹ˣ֪һֱڻҰɽĹڣ׺ͼҵԯʲôϸ
Ī˵Ұɽļԯ֮󶼻ʵ˻Ұɽĵ֮⣬ѵ͹ʲôϵ
ԽԽˡ

ְҹʮ죬ڹߵĴ·£һˣһҹһֻܹ˴ʯ촩һĿɽȡ
ϣνĹȼΪұģɫķʯҫĹ룬Щڹֲľһɫ֮
Сɺ˽ԺһſڣǾϲСѾͷڵ治ѡ
ֻвŻֵɾΪʲôȡйأСգ۾ǳ⡣
߹żһ񣬿ûСɺˣżվߡ
һʮСŮǱ裬ѽѽצ¡
һ·϶ĹͻȻ¶һůЦݣæǰСѾͷЦǺǵʣСڼ
壬ʲôĶҰСŮ׹ߵգɰ֡
壡壡ʮкŮ׷״ӹð˳һС˷ܣСȳߣ»ȱһȫſҪ
ֿտյĹߣϷƵͳһľ̵СˣһЩСϲĲ˹֮ߣһСһ
壬ôÿһζЩѽȫ˰ûµĶأһԲԴСк죬ƺϲеקŹ߲ţ׼ȣСΧȵıȣץֵץ֣߽Χ롣
һΣһȺСӽԼû뿪ҰɽһûҵʲôĶСӲŲЩ߲óǾǲ֣һ
СܵܡСãߣкĶСȻЦ֣šޱȵĲޣһɣأءһµڰлεһ£ٴε
ΧסһȺС۾һˣؿǸڵϱĲޣעȫˡ
С㣬ϻСˣҪ͸𣿡ǱСѾͷӵؿŶСʵ
ǰ˭õ͹˭ˡСЦŵͷ
ҮһȺСϻسһ彡ŵԪСͿʼʿ֮ˡ
СɺѾͷһۣҲ׷ȡһЩֺСӵСûгҰɽЩӣڶСɺСѾͷóС߷ǳϲһӾͽСѾͷΧסˣ㳤̵Ľиͣ
ųĹߣٿСѾͷʱϵ˼ơ
ߣҴȥСѾͷ£ĺˡȼʱ򣬹æ˵
áûٶ˵ʲôոŹֱŹȥ;Կɫʯĸߴ¥Щ¥Ȼ򵥣Ϊ÷ʯͷ䵽Ҳ˼ָû֮ɫ
һڵˣƺ˵׷״˳żա
壡߸磡ү
ЩŮŮ΢Цغ͹ߴкȴڼյеɫȻΪĺ棬ȴûжʼյ
һʮɸߵĺʯڹţͨתŻâĹΡ׳ۣһСɽһ㣬һֲСѹ
һݵߣüͷǺʯͻƽ̨ϣĹߺͼգ˿֮󣬳ʵСߣô˽ˣ
˵Ǽһԯ߹ա
ԯȻվĿصżգǼһԯ
ǡ΢Цͷ
˵͵شǺʯʾߴżո
ǺʯһУһ֦ɿݻƵҶͺͺģҪ˶þͻȥˣ֮ȡһͭ裬ͭ˳ȥһʢһˮȵط˻
һѪͭڡߵǰеͭ
ȻҪͨʲô֤Լԯݣȴûκԥһָذ׻һСӣһѪͭˮ֮УˮжһѪԺɫ˱仯
ɫѪüͷƺЩ̫ԾȴҲûж˵ʲôߵһÿҪȥͭеһ˼Ѫˮء
һԲôһÿҪȥղ״Ҳֻһȥ
ʱ֮󣬿ݻɫɫͺͺ֦ɣҲ漣Ķ˼֮ɫ
ϲͷܹ֡ѿֻԯѪܹ
ԼԼѪȻЧۼٵػµһʱҲЩˡ
һղŷӦŹȷҵԯݣڿԸҼҵԯ׺ǹʲôϵ˰ɣУΪʲôҼҴе׾ڵĲ֮أ
׾ˣȻЦˣԵúϲ
Ǵ׾ȷݡԽ͡
ܺáЦŵͷ׾޵ּˣ׾ֱ仯׺ױױ䣬޵һ־ˣ
ױ䡣üͷʣ޵־磬ʲôϵ𣿡
ȻйϵǺǣ޵ױˣͷͻȻȡһСӣЦŵݸգͣȻǼԯױһְ塪׶죡ꡢѪԪγףһְ壬һὫԯǹڵĹϸһһ˵
ڲ˵üͷǱСЩͣʲôô๦򡭡
ˣ֮ľʡ
û
ɫͽȻҪľֻľɣʥںΪһ֮󣬲ܹ׾ӳҲֻԯŶǹа
㰲ڹɣʲôҪԾᣬһ㽫׶ְϣܹһꡢһξѪһԪγ׳Ҫ֪飬ػ߳
ǡ鷳ô飿εֹ

£òͷοڵȻ鷳ϸȴҲΪãǿʵĻպܿ챻׶İڹڰŵһ뾲
׶ױһֱ仯СǼҲӵеģ˵׶ɹ㹻ʱ򣬿֮ףΧһƬΧγһ׳
׳վĸߵͣǵҲͬݹ˵ڰ֮ΧγɼʮĶΧ׳׳һɣԶ㼯֮γס
ʮĶΧ״׳֮УĲݣγɴױκ׳ĸǷΧڶӲױϮ廹꣬ڿֲױбǡ
ôµ˼գҪϰ֮ǰȴַ׶컹һȾ֮ľ꣬Ҫʥںϡ
һҰɽĿľΪǿԼ;磬ҰɽһľΪŨĵطҰɽеĹȣˮľԪǸŨ
տʼľͼ̵ʱľ塢´һ飬ʥںһ𣬺ý׾̶ȵķӳ
ʱգڹУȫ״̬Ȼҵؽ쾳Ľһ

ȹڵĺʯڡ
ߣ߰ڵˣɫصؾۼһ𣬹ǰϲǡ
һԯΪʲôѪǺɫģ᲻ʲô⣿ڹԵ磬Ѫ⣬׶죬Ҳ𲻵ʲôð
Ҳ֪ΪʲôһԯѪǺɫһ·ѿҲˣ»ֻмԯѪſôӦòʲô⡭üͷҲر϶
ֻҪ׶֮ĳɹͿԿ϶ǲһԯˣҲżһϵĿҪͷӣƼݣǹϣһͷѩ׵ͷǹ쳣ڹԣ΢΢ۣҪΪѾ˯ˡ
˵ǣֻҪܹܲ׶ӳ֪ûˡͷ
Ҳ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱ䣬ڤħЩµĹħԽԽԽԽѶԸˡɥ̾Ϣ⼸ʮ꣬ԽԽʿҰɽѰϧ඼˹ħһħЩǿʿݱ¹ħǻԽԽߣڻҰɽĵطħѾһ̬һǿ˷շһؿ˻Ұɽ£Ϊħ£
ⶼǹԼôѾܲסˡ̬ӵĹڳҡͷ겻ѣϣϣмյСܹСµϣ
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ͻȻȴضɽҡһľ޴ӼһȭͷСɫС򣬾һһڴײһ͵ر޴졣
еԪسЩɫСۣһСһɺѪɫСѸɫСһҵع
һȺ̸ĸ֣ȫǱߴ׷վ˺ʯͻԲ̨棬ĿڵǸ
׶죡һԯȷһԯ߼ǲ˼ľ죡ʱ䣬С֮ǰûоľ塢꣬ôô죡
ҲżǱ૵̫ˣĿЩˣһԯƺƺǰҪ
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ضɽҡıը죬Ǳߴ˹ն׵ƿƺֻЩΧףȻˣײһͻȻ䣬׳һĩսһ㣬֮ױ
ʮ׸ߵʯ¥ױ֮¾ҵҡһ䱻ʮ׺еʯ¥ܲҵױϮȻڵ꣬һǱش˳
һԲε׳һγɣһȥǳĹΣһ޴ޱȵɫ⻷һȭͷСɫףѭĳع켣ɫ⻷
ڣɫ⻷׹ķˣ˴˳ײһ˴ģױǷһ
ѽô£ͻȻ͵
ף׶γɵףôһ°
ǸˣǸŪҵԯģĿԽ׶İʩչز찡ȻһΪڹڹԯĴ˵Ϲ˵أСֻ֮Ϊܹ׶ŪôĶ޵˰졢Ź֮⻹ˣ

Щʯ¥ðĹˣ׷״СֵżǱ۷׷ףǵӣڼǼȺ档
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޴ĺϣ׳е׶Ǳըڵһʯ¥ȻǼңʯ裬һʯ¥ǳױˡ
һͷʯмۣվôϥʯʯͷ룬ʶְƱ仯ؼ壬һɹľƮ㼯Ե׳롣
ȥЩʯ¥Ҫȫ˲ɣСȻ츳ѣȴҲ̫ˣûû׶졣ȥֹɣ顣
죡һһ˫۾ԣȴǶѣڽҪͷʱ˭Ҳ׼ǰǹȻˣҲҪԼ
ǱԼͷͻȻһʾһеĹ֮˶Զ룬ڳһɼǶڡ
ףôǳո磿ʲôСɺһȺСӴԶ󣬻΢ЦĶСˣСѾͷǳϲһȺɰСӣһʱһֱΪһȺСӽһЩĹ£ЩСӵϲ
ڵ˼СѾͷûʲôвǸżһģ϶Լĺô۰ҲСѾͷǳƣǰһֱôǵĹߣڼҲĴкˡ
һؼǻûг׵գǹؼʱǲҪȥһСѾͷæӭȥСѾͷǰ˼յ
ʲôؼô󰡣Сǳȣ춯صıڶȶҪһԲӦһʿܹӵеġ
СɺѾͷҲǳ棬۾Ҫôһ¡
ҪǶССɺСѾͷһʱ͹ЩСӹϵܣЩ˶ȻСѾͷڹûбʾʲôȻȥǶˣǹ׶飬Ǿڲᡣ

֮⣬һȺŻҰɽĸƮȥһȺ룬վһޱȵͷͷ巺ɫûһ¶ȣһ˫ɫӱǣûһӦеĸ顣
壬һ˫ûиİɫӣԵ۾ûжֻ׺һˡ
ͷŻҰɽȥȴͻȻһļµױը׵Ϊ£ԵһɪɪನҲľ
ذذذ
ͷͻȻſڣһ³ȴǹ֮Щǳһ׷״ɢҲǡءƺͨѶϢ
ͷֵȴûһһƬëһ㣬ƮƮسŹȵķݹȥЩȻԸ⿿ױըķ򣬿ȴηͷҲֻܹʵʵظȥ
ֻһ⾰ͷһȺͳ˹ϷͷȴҿȣڹĵͰĻҰƲ棬һۿ׶ļա
ͷһ˫ûһӣͻȻֻһС׼ϻȥϢ
ڴʱһֱĿļգ͵˫ͻȻڹϿյͷһȺ
ͷϵϢΪŹ֣࣬ż޵ѪỴ̄ҪǼ̫¼ˣһʿ궼һص
еĹһˣһȵôľ룬Ƕûзͷ쳣˵ͷͷϢǶôˡ
ʲô˹һ͵̧ͷ
ֱʱ򣬹Щ˹ڵˣͻȻǸڹϿյͷɫһ䣬ͻȻ͹ߵһ˳ȥ̧һһž֮⣬ͷ
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ӣԼ׾ӦõȷǹڵĲ֮ˣȻôͨĵطհ
ͷһˣҪǱӣۼһžˣһɫһӱѿ屬ѵͬʱٵ̺ȻƮݳһȻɢˡ
ԽԽƻˡһأЩεغ͹һȡ
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⵽ôһ£أͻȻʶҰɽƺΪӣкܶ鶼ⷶΧ
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һεĹħһλֲȣкһ֮ʿγɵĹħЩħӱԽԽ£ΪҰɽħҲǹںҰɽѰʿجΡ


154 ǰ
ħԵΪ档
û˵ҰɽйħһŹ˵Ӧòм٣ոǸͷ̬ԺࡢһûӦеĸ飬ɫһ顣
ħһͣħڻҰɽصڤڤħһֱȡǶôħʵ壬ԽԽˡ
ոոӦǸͷʮǰʱǹںԶܹӦϢڣǹϿյʱǾȻûз֣ħԽԽ£ЩγɵĹħҲ˸ǻˡ
һħħССȫĬڤĹħͬɽһѹļ䣬һʳѰлӲȥص
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һҪȡ˵ĻǣҲϣںϣܹܲγһ壬ǣħ
СߣҲ˵κ˶׼ˣɫ΢䣬ݺݵص˹һۣħγɾ޴ˣҪŪʲôҰɽҪˣһЩħ߳˻Ұɽ˶꣬ҹڣؽ
ڹɵĽѵ֮£Դһԡ
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Щƾղ²ģЩǶҳԣҲʮ귢ֹħԽԽ£ǹڵԽԽѣŻᡭŻôһ˼Σһǰǣ֪Ǻõģ
׼Բ׼ôɣǹڣѾκηˣ͵һţն
֪壬һԯˣǾͲһˡͷ򼧳գҸú˵һ˵ԯǹڵĹϸˡ

һֲŪһħ֮ԼҲУƾǰʣļ䣬Ҳγ˹ħħһµ壬ڻҰɽ겻յصˡ
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ڴħʱħոγɵʱֻŸµ壬ħΪá
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ֱʱһĹͳǲʶħѾܹƿص˵ģϵζֻħΧɱնʧܸգֻħÿÿڤһγĶ֮ǰǿ󼸷֡
ڵ˷ֻħȻ¹ħʱͻȻʶֻħѾԼǻۣĽս֮УҲֻħȷԽԽթˣԶԶûǻ۵Աġ
ֻħԽԽǿ󣬻ʼĿĵ¹ħµĹħѾԺ͹ڿ⣬ض
һʼñģļսǷֹڵԶԶЩħһ꣬ڷֻܹعһҰɽڤһǳ˹ħеˡ

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ڤһ飬ԯϹ֮شħɱ³ĹħΪħ̬⣬һصڤħش֮׷ǱӽڤҲҳ
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Х׷׾ۼڹϣЩһ壬ɫϱɫһ̾ڹɲͷֱۡһڹڣһצð
ٹ֮󣬹ҲƾʹһҲͻȻ
ڵĲʯײʱ򣬹ɳһ羪ξˣ۳ۿɼڹ⣬Ӳǽǲʯײһߡ
ɳƶ˲Ϣͷ߸ҫڹлƾ֣лɲɳʱͣ͵ĺ
һֻƣ˲䱻߸лΧסڹڣĽ⣬ȫڹסҲܹ°һ֡
Ȼڴʱһֻȴûŵϵļ
أ
أشһƾ޴ĺһԲʮĶľ޿ӣһ֡
ĺЦɡҿǹôħ⣡
ɡһȺ֮Ŀŭ˼㣬ʼعӰڵˡ
Ȼû˼գھͳûϣһߺ͹ֵϣͻȻЦһĵ⡣
ҲǴ󻤷ϵõɱСӣһԯʹ䣡ĺЦ
ԭӰֻǴ󻤷գĻһͻȻЩĻ䣬ϣͻȻִùҲЩܲˣʧ߸лγɵıл˲١
ڲŪ̫ˡ
ĺЦһУԶ֮Ĳʯڷ׺Хйһ֮ĸ֣ǽڵĲʯ飬ʯֻһѪ⡣
ĺ֮ǰ͹սʱһֱʵһӱֱ֮춯أԶԶǸ󻤷Աġ
ʯʢպתȦбǹɺȥ
ȻҲûϵĺȻ˿£ϴʱЩĻ䣬Ϊ֮һߣϮʱ򣬲ִӭʱѾ㣬һʯȵĽڽڰˣֵסĺĿը
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һãȻǰһ޴ӣûϵջô챻ɱڻЩš
Ǿ޴ӵĹߣ񽥽Ϊݽصľ޿УûмյʬףһѪһƬⶼûС
ǡ૵ͽȻԳһϲɫ
һƮģӰӣһǾ޿ð˳ԶԶȥһĴһģӰ֮ӰһΣȻӾ޿ɢ
ϲſھҪС
ͻȻ֮ǰۼľһԷٶȻ㼯һһĥһСɫףƾճһ㣬͵ֳ
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ڳԵĻĺȫԽɫʯɣ⣬Цѡ
һɿֲޱȵϢ͵ش˳ĺüͷһ壬̲סͷһۣȻɫ
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һļգĥ̴Сɫףâƣʥɸߵľ޴һبŴڵɽһڼգһ˿˿ɫľʥ絽ŵľ޴ɫУϵеĿֲ
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ϣȼһӷͻȻĳµһ㣬ֱ͵ش屶һס˻ĺĽɫʯʹǽɫʯһߣͼ֣һǰһлĺ
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ĥ̴СɫףӲײһֻơУϣơ׺ɫףûһӱѿͻȻ˹γ˲佫ǡơ
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ĺɫ䣬͵ؽɫʯջֱŲʯϹħһʹŤתǬİԵʯײɫס
ĺأɭɭЦ߸лһӽһֻơסǳĺһֻ޹צ̬ɲ
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ڶǱըˣʢĲʯڱը룬֪ʲôʻƶɵʯڶ˼ƣ
ĺɫһӷף׸ߵľ޴ͻȻή˲ף޵ķӦ
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ȻһЦֶһڵذףҲֱŻĺ˹ȥ
ʿԾѪƵ֮ƺӦ˼յĳͻȻʵûһѱ
ȻڴʱȴͻȻԪܹ轵ͷ·ԪдصѾ⼸εսĿһ㡣
ذ׿ҪɱĺǰļգɫȻһ䣬͵ڰ;ֻͣǺź͹ɽսһĻĺûм֡
һƣӿͷԪ鲻ܹǿ֧£ԯѪ֮ʵʾֻ֮ҲֻܹʿսһˣҪǶϻĺҲܹʲô˺ˡ
֪Ԫ̺޾ģһùԪ֮ͷԪ̺˼֣һΣһζԪһڶżңһ򣬻оǸոա
ÿһνԪо֮ӵųԽʿĿôǿԴԪ飬һʩչԪеͻ˼֣ƽԪȻҲԪǱô޴ģ֧Ųס
֮ԪеƺҪĿˣôԭΡ
޴ޱȵʥҲʱ򻺻䵭ֱʧ
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ȻȻͣˣǻĺʯѾѺۣĺҲ׸ըʧȥ֮һں͹ɽսĺЩ֧ˣ·磬ǱɱȵĽڽڰˡ
ӵصðļգ˹ڵƣټͻȻչֳ˿ԿȰʿĿֲʵеӰ˶ˣԷʿôսȥӰڷҪɡ
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ɡͻȻɫ䣬ͬ
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ΪһˣƾɵĹڳϳۣһӲģûһӦеĸ飬һɱаѪϢ
ĺ㾹ùħӰڣ˫ֱҪ
ձ֣ǶӦóƺΪڣ治ĶôǾҹ˶ԸڣǶ֮ɭɭضŹɡˣ顣
û֮ǰҹڣڵ㣬Ѿˣҹڳ˿ˣħǻһԣΪڽħҲܹȫ
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ڽŲϣؿǼһԯܺã㽫Ϊǵͬ࣡
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ãɾУҲ˲ÿ񹥻ĺ߸
Ҫƻԯɹħ׳١ĺЦƴɣȵֲȥչ˼ա
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ͻȻбһǿ֮ͻȻ¶ģ֪ɵħᣬ׼ԼһըԴֹԼΪħ
׼ԯѪѪܣǿڴ߷׾ԼʱǳŲԪ飬ȻһɼΪǿҵ˱Ǽ䣬Ԫǳһһе΢УȻЩейߡ
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ڼϵ˿ԽԽӿ뼧壬ȴԪԴԴϵգԪһĺڶڹ£ӿ뼧Ĺߡ
֪顣
ֻǾתٶȹ죬ԶԶԤϣ
һʼûвȡκεжȻЩԾΪһȻһ󣬵ּûκα仯˫ͫɫʱ򣬹ʶ˲ס
ͼǲڼϵ˿ƿΪתٶ̫̫Ҫڵһˡ
һԪпµ˱Ҳ֮ǿ˿͵رȴǰһɽ棬ôק
ʱ򣬼Ѿ˿ʵһֻԪǻγһֹ
ռδδţǳǲԼϣܹ˱ǺԪԪ˩Լϣǿͨ˱ħϵа
ͫҪԼһɿµ˱
ͻȻ䣬ԪӼСð˳ƹâԪͷųԪڹûŪ״ʱԪȻ䵽ͷһɸӿµ˱ͻȻԪ
̧ͷһƻ֮ɢͼַͨʽԪ˱ϧԪ챦ƺƿػǵһǻ˵ĻûܹѣһιֹħҲһꡣ
ֻһ˲䣬ǻΪһɹɵĻԪסûܹһƣȫԪɣϵǹҲһ˿ʣȫԪոɾ
壬ʧȥЩ֧ţۿɼٶڻܿһ̲ǵˮҺ
ԶһĹɡȹˣͻȻƵļͿϲûʲô飬ùôôϲ
һֱڻҰɽڷѾĹħ̾йеһĸ󻼣ȻȻôɱˣеĻǣûһӵǳ׵׵
Կ϶һɹǰݱĹħûһθĿˣΪĻǡ壬ڵһУʧӰˣûһػϣ
ôħһֱǹڵĸ󻼣ԯ֣԰֮Ϊʩչ׶֮Ҳֻܹشħѣܹ
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ȻǾʱȻ䣬һӾȻӼڳֹ˹ԼյͬѸײڶ֮ƣ֮ˡ
ֻ֮ļգôԯǿʱڶ飬ڽһǰļ̸˳Թ˵붼顣
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Ԫ鶢׼һħȻסֻһħеɽԪڣͬΪһ̲ˮ
Щħһˣӵĸӿˡ
ϧԪûиĻᣬڰзеٶȼ죬ԶԶʮħκһħһԪסֻ·һԪͷ·ЩħĿǣ֮һħɣûһҡ
ûãʮŹһĹħͳͳԪɣһûӵ
ߣͻȻĺһȥ
ЩӰڵͽƺҲʶ˲ף׷׳ȥӰڵ˺͹ڵʵ޼ȫܣӰҲ޿κΣֻܹ̾
ӱܲӰˣΪʵ̫ͣΧסһһնɱ
׷ˣһ飬˻Ұɽ׵֮һ޺УòҪȥðաۼڵ˹ȥ׷æֹ
ڵҲ֪һ״ģûӰڣǵҲǱߵޣȺҪǺӰڵһԸǣѶԸˣԹֻܹ

˻عͷ˿ŵ϶߹ʬ壬Щ˸УڲӰڣΪδҰɽԵʣϺħһֱսֱܶɱԹ˶ϡ١
һս˱ɱʵֱһ֣֪УǰڻҰɽеĹڣӰЩɶЩԸˣԹ˴
壬ˣԺǹڲȥˡߵԣ˸е˵ƺʶԼĻҲףħˣ㿴ˣħȻˣ
˵ⷬʱ򣬹ѾƲסԼеļˣֵħˣħˣˣ
йڵˣŹĻҲ̲ס겻յĻҰɽ·һһ⡣
˸б˷ܳ嵭࣬й˶ۼǱߣȴȻһ˹ħħ飬ֻ뼧ڡ
Ԫ壬ȴûϻָ֪ϣվȻۡ
ͻȻʥȸ׻Ȼֳɫɫɫɫɫ֮⣬Ϊģγһ޴ʹȦ
ʥ޻ɫȦ֮ⲻϵطƺѰŽӽʹȦķգʥ޺ʹȦ겻յĻҰɽһӱѤö
ʥ޻޴ޱȣСɽԼΪγɵʹȦǲϵ󣬸ľʯͷʹȦһ׷ױ鿪ʥʹȦ֮Ȧ棬ȴƺδҵž
йڵĸ֣ؿŷڼϵı仯ȫˡ
ʥޣ֮⡭⾿ôһ£㵣૵
֮ȴֹ֮ǰ֮ǰҿӵصðֻˣܹأȻó߾ȹ󣬼æ˽͡
ֻľˮǡҲˡأ֮ǽʥ޵ҲҲ͸ˣ⡭һȼԯҪ񰡣
ôܣӣֻжʮͰǼԯôͬ޵ĻҲܴﵽ˾簡š
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ѹ֣ѹôħΪֻҪ䣬ؽԽ֮ǰԯܹ޵ʮ֮ɣҲ̾
ȷп޵ʮֱ֮ǻŵ漣ɵ˵ͷͻȻԹ˷ԸǺúûʱ䣬κ˴һܹںϣħҲΪ壡
ڹɵʾ£ЩԶԶΧģλһְ
һով÷λĵļһη䣬ǳѪһ㣬ķϣһзɳͷһ״ɫɫɫɫɫȦȻת
ڴʱһֱΧʹȦʼս벻ʥޣҵ˽ķһһʹȦС
ʥһʹȦ֮УͺʹȦһתأһȸ֮һ𣬰׻ͽһͰ׹һ𣬶ɫ֮⣬ǵʹȦΧ
ַ֮ʽʼںϡ


156 
һˣʱΧ룬ʱ̾ţҪĹڣʲô۵Ķ˼յĿޡ
Χĵļգɫͷ̫¼תʥʹȦ룬һ֪ķʽںϡ
ʱҴңһգۣҹȥˡ
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ֹһ죬ڲָҹüͷ˶˫ۡ
ҹһ磬һǼ䣬˫ǳֻһйâʧ١
һȻЦ⣬ЩٴеĹڸ֣յ͸λػˡ
ӦõġЦʾ˲ؼˣԣʣôˣ
֮Цˡ
Ԫ鵱治̴ʥħܹգǹħޱӴԪ֮һֱԪڵĻ˻Ƕѹס֪ǷԪ˹ħԶֻħħȻ͵յ塣
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˫£塢Ȼ仯Ȼ̺ڵ֮ǣҲǼʥ޹ͨһԺ̫¼Ҳ
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ǲ״㼧ǰԯڰ֮ڤ򣬳֮ΪǱǹ򲻿ôڤ򡣡һأȰοգǱʣһܹԽǰԯܹںϣ֮ľ磬ͻƵ֮ӽڤ򣬲ϣʣµħ𡣡
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ҲһֱڻҰɽӰڵѾ֪ӵгħķĺһὫϢ֪ͨħһ뿪ҰɽǹڻΣատŹɡ
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ҡҡͷյӺΪӦ߳ҰɽһʱܹħӰڵıһҲҪһУҪڻҰɽҿǵȲطˡ
˻һй˶һĬˡ
һпʵղûпԣƣû뿪Ӱںħ֣һҰɽֻҪĺϷֳһ˽ոסħϾʰڡ
ôڻڻҰɽûʲôý
һʩչؼͻᱻ˵аַȥ棬ΣաԥܶǰڳȥѰҶԸħЩͽаַܶ˳ȥ֮ҲûػػҰɽ
ѪܵĽѵǰ֪ڻҰɽΪΣգҲ
һ뿪ˣҼҴһͬЭֻҪˣӦò̫⡣ôҾͲûǹڵ֮أճ
壬˵öԣӦÿ뿪Ұɽһʱ䣬ӰΪķɣܹȥΪʲôǹڲܣ¶˾ģʼȰ˵ɡ
¹شӦûعѯ˵ⷽȽϱأûͬ⡣
ãȻعȣ˵ôԼѡ񡣡Ҳͬˡ
߰ɣСɺǻڹȣҺһȥСɺСѾͷȻʵãǼۺСѾͷ´·ǳжμҰǳ壬͸ˡЦ
СɺССѾͷڹһʱ͹˹ϵڻҰɽôռڶҰɽ챦ҩЩΪ֮鱦ڹвǼСɺѾͷϲ׷׽Լе鱦
ںѩټڶ͵ĻҰɽ챦СѾͷڹΪһǧ׷״ﵽ֮СѾͷЩֲ˼ˣ͹СϵΪҪá
϶μҺӰ֮г𣬹Ҫǳ˻ҰɽСѾͷĸԣؽȫڳһЩ飬ԶμҵпܰаĶ

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ǺͶСɺСѾͷһΪСѾͷϵӰں͹ħ֮Ĺʵ˵СѾͷڵѴȴû˵СѾͷĻ
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СѾͷȻЩƤǱԶʱչ˶СѾͷչ˵΢Щۺĵرԥ͸ǣСѾͷимһֱôرǡ
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ˣպãЩǲã˵ãͶ˼ңֿܹܲտգҰɽֻЩĶǲʲô˼ңɼЩ̣̲סƿڴ
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ſ֮󣬷Բʮ֮ڣκӲĸӦƾ־˵ǲܹڵһܹ·;еʿ
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Ҫʰˡյ˵ͷԹɡɺҼгЩ˶࣬á
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ȻҲڻҰɽӴʿ٣ôˣܹƣ֪˭ԹҪǴӻҰɽ߳ǹûѡֻܹͼ˩һ𣬼֮УҲǹڵĵˣһ㣬ûʲôɵġ
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мպ͹ɡʿڣһ·һΪСģ֮ҹʱ򣬼մŹһˣԯȡ
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־ͺԶԶӦúɳйأΪʲôɳҲûһˣɻſȷûɳʲôϢԽԽ棬֪Ѫɽϵ׷ʲô顣
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һԤıı֮٣ɳƺȻаҪĽɫ϶Ļˣһ֮δ޵ˣʹšϼǿ

ܿ죬ľ޴żֻصԯȡ
أ飡
δԯȣڱ㴫춯صĴһȺº۵Ħ̽ͽԯȹȿΧסĦ̺ڰ֮ķ̽һͷһԯڣҲǰʿ
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ҡľɭɭЦĵİ𤽺һճϣľϢؿһʵ֮ӰӣһΧ롣
ˣȴ˰ɣԸ͹ˡһӰӽһΧ֮ľ޲Ų˵һ䡣
ۼ춼ľޡǧӰӣվȻҲȻе·Цŵ˵ͷûж˵ʲô۾һ飬˺͹սķ̽
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ʿؼʩչҪϣôսо൱Ķ⣬Բ̶ܹȵͷų
ףһʹȦӰ죬ΪڹȦ֮⣬ȴķ̽ɫ쳣ķ̽ʩչʿؼһӱٳˡ
ץᣬûԥͻȻȫ֣ҵķ̽ը
һȭļգЩˣ֮󣬽ǵһȫ֣ԼҲûϵһȭȻֱγܹӰԷʹȦ
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ԵȣڳȥˡѦ鲻䣬ƺ֪Щһʿڽ̣һҷȡ
ǻ۷Цŵ˵ͷĵؾȺ

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ࡢѩЩɽǬڵˣضžۼɽ֮۵ĦĴҵġ

ϷɽҰߴ֮һңС
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Һͼ鱦۾ǳ鱦֮ǰϢųȥ뿴ûɹһأϣƾʧһ㣬ٳֵʱѾ˶żҡ
һԯǰѷɫӦó׼͹ϣҷƣжϡüͷԸټյĻҺͼҵĹϵ˵У㰵ʵ˵Ҫ˿Ūɳ׾
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Ѫɽԯȡ
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֮߰ĸ־ߡʿʮֵܣߴʿҲѷɫǲŸһԯȡ
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գһͻȻȺ𣬺ͻȻȺ߳ʱ£㲣ݣ״̬
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ϵܣ뿪ѪɽɣˡһȺðһЦСǻƼǢ̸˵ˣԲŶһ٣ѪɽѪɽˡ
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Ħ̺ڰ֮ôĿŵѪɽ϶ƾ̣˵ʥĸҲˮƹˣǹҲ˼ɣѪɽԷסˮƹʿ϶Ѿ߸ˣֻҪסһʱ䣬ǹڣЩ˱Q˶õġյ
ͽϴˣ֮ǰһֱżսʱ鶯ݣǳ˼ԯڿȥ
ɵˣ˺һŷӦе죡⣬ôܣҺؼңʯڣҲûӦʿգôģ
ԯȣǡʿڡʱ򣬼ûؼʵ̹Ȼ
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Сģ֮ϣ켱æһ
֮ԶһƲʼôռڵľ޶һͷųκһؽܵЩ޶Ӱ죬ԯĶգڶҩרмΪǹɡˣǱնҩҲΣա
ջɫĶһɡľΪ˼ɣľ֮ǰ˵ԶˣԶԸա
ֻмֳذףһ޼᲻ݵһǰسѾ˵ա
ͣ
еذף䣬ûС
ɫĶ̣һ㣬ڼտ֮˲佫ûڱǡëȫסļգͻȻһ飬ͻȻòܿơ
Ǽ䣬ڱǺͻë״ˣһɫĶ̣ǿסëϸ壬һͷĿѣƣͻȻϮȻԯѪסֽԽԽûƤӳޱȡ
ƤӾҪ֮ǰһ֣һѷļ⵶ֱԴ
ڴʱִ֮Ȼײձ
һѾҪϼԴļ⵶ҲһֵĿɥסһƫڼձǰ
޴ƣϮֻһʹչǺĲҽ֪Ҳ߲ˣֻЩƺԶԶԼʲôо
ʱƺͻȻޱһ£֮زһɺܵܵĲڵصȻŹƶ
СĽ£ˣʹеŹһȻΪһĴȣһ㶼
ǣԹּĸ˵һѾ㹻ˡ
͵ط龯ؿŽ£һЦ˵ϼó͵ϮȻ鴫
ˣҾͲˣˣǡ֣ӴǡֳʱѾͲˡ
׷˱սʮóϢǳͻо裬Ҷֲˡۼ׷æֹ
ˣ걻ǵ׾ɢû߳ȥûؾ۵Ŀԡɵ
ףڴʱһָżյǿϣ
ɫ壬ƮȻεһɵĻ֮סڲ֪оۼ
Ȼɫ򼧳ԵʱһöȻз˳һһ㣬һͷųɫһɡ
Ϊӵˣȴ֫쵹Ƕһ࣬۷ס
ֻһԪͽͷųľ޶һգȻڼСû
ӣӻܹɶ̣С
պͶΪһĻǣԪЩ뿪ձؽû뵽Ѿ춾֮ԣѾ޵˶ɢ겻ľˡüͷ
ףָֽżظոյĻٿϣ


160 㷢
ԪػؼСԺվ޶ڵһ
Щӵ֫ٺɫأȴ΢С˿ߣسСζԪڵʧ
˿һĶرѾ͸Ѫ⣬Ԫػ֮󣬲֪ǲΪԪ齫շɢĻˣȻãӲǽЩϸ˿һĶش˳
ܿ죬ļգƤ»ָ糣ͷ·ЩȫԪûƵġ
彩ӲڵϵԪˮһʣ۾ɡ

տЦ죬ղ֮һ޶ȻҶЩԲ
ߣѵ⣺ս֮ǰ㣬ƫƫҪԪأƾѪǿ᲻Ҳǳ鷳ûʮµʱָٺ˽ս
Դʵϴ
Ҫǳչؼʱһ˵ܳûӵЦһΪ룺ѣϼ֣϶ܹ͵Ϯҵ֡㡭
֣͵Ϯ㣬ֻΪ˾ճȥô֣ûôɫĮҪǡɷˣһ֣գջлųȥ
ٺ١ɵЦ
ˣǱߺܶ鶼ˣһκڰ֮Ǳ鷳ˣʱ϶ڲԸǼҡˣ֣֪ǵҲûں¼ֵĻᣬԿ϶ڰ֮ǾðȻˡ
ʿӦܵѪɽɣʡ
˵ͷȻǼԯȣʿ֮ӦûȥǼԯȡ
һ£עżգգһǧѷĺûᣬЩԯּ֮Ҵְɡ
ңղָԼЦЩ˻ҵһʿж
ԯʿټϹںЩѪɽɣԯȵ˭СӣǼԯˣ
գǹ˵ҲһǧѷĺûᣬǹڿԳһλаħĶͷЩ˷ܵ˵
ôˣһʩչڰ壬ͱʿаַ뿪ҰɽĹˣ඼ʿɱ֮Բ߶Ϊԭ
˴Ѫɽ֮䣬վѪɽһˮƹʿϣһѵʱ
ֻҪõˮƹЩʿϿɣԺھͿԹˮƹ߶ˣҲõĻᱻΧߣôһھԶػҰɽҲܹˡ
Ȼȥ˵ɣҲ֪ж˹յ˵ͷһֽţԪ꽫֮󣬶ûӰ죬ڻû˶ء
ʲôжɢ겻׾Ϊʲô˵ܹȥ·ϣպѯ졣
ȥģЩ˽⣬Ŷأ޵һ֮ھ޶Ϊһ壬أ궼ܹпµĶԣٽһͿԽ˵긯ʴ˻֮䡣͡
ɡľˣƺҲΪ棬עš
ӰΣô޵һҲܹ޶ʴշǳȣûϵ̬Ȼֱܱ
޵һ磬ȷһ϶ֻջûдﵽ磬򣬾֣ҲδܹҪֶֻܹҪӦǣ޶ͻڲ֪û꣬ʤһУҪӰǧѡ
ɢ겻һ־磬Ǻ;޶ݣط֮󣬴ﵽˣһĶУ겻ˣľ޶ҲܹƮݳȥ¾ۼµĻǳԣյĻ뿪ˣܸ¸ֻʵ󽵰ˡ
ľ鶯ݣ֪ܹͨ޶ؾۣҲûж˸ֹݳȥľ޶аӦЩ޶ֻܹĿߡ
컹ҿյı飬ҪȻǻ治ЩߵĶ̡ͷͬ
һһ߸·һ̸ŵ֪Уѵ˼ԯȡ
ףԶԶһۣշԯͷشأͻȻİˡ
ԯ룬һЩԲѪɽʿưȻںͼʲôЩ鲻мǹЦƺڽѵˣֺƢˣŭЩִ
ɫһ䣬ȻӰվԣǰ漸ưˣѯʼƣùãôһ£
ǻʸҵˣǲڵķӣǲõڰ֮Щ˵ķߡЩཨɣֻǼҵģйһ޽ģôͻȻˣ̫ϧˡƵ͡
ҼҷӣպһؿΪ׵Ļʸγб£ھɱȥˣʲôǻʸҵ磡
ʸˮƹңҡһߴ塢ɵĳǿʿΪǰѳֳʵϣˮƹʿɣٶӻʸңܶʱʸҶȻָʹɣЩˮƹʿɣӦǻʸƿء
ôңʿ塢ɲȻ˹ԪڡǬڸ߸֮⣬ҡʸҡҼһһҵľӺͲƸһҲΪǱۺ񣬻ơ
ʸγüͷб˼һۣͷСӣʲôˣЩͺãûʸ񣡡
ǼʶҼưˣ
ԯȣǼˣôнʸ񣡡ؿŻʸγǣԯкʸ󳳴£
ʸЦһɨԯΧһۣһİȻߵѪɽˮƹڣһʸˮƹңѪɽǻʸԼԯѪɽΧȻҲһʸҹܣ
ʸγǵˮƹŮʻʸµ׵ܵܣĻүʸǻʸγĶӣߣۼ˾ҶײӣӵܵƢˡ
ʿ֮ǣûлȨǳѣ׵һУûȨѹǣЦЦ
ʸɫһ䣬ŭȣ㾹˵ô治Ļ
ʿ֮ˣȷһηȨȻʸҴĲֻǻȨһǿƵʿ壡
ڴʱʸγͻȻһЦżյǼһԯɣȻѾǸµǿ壬㼧գҲû޵㹻Եľ磬ˣʱ򣬻Ҫעһִ磬ֽƣ
ʱܹܲͬЭԸУɫЩѿԱ˵
С㣬ҲΪ˴ҺãǻʸҪԯȵĵ²һڰ֮Щ˹ˣɽȲܹһЩáʸʱ򣬵Ϊ飬ǺЦݣһִĸо
ʱ֮ڣǱߵ˲ʱԯȣǲزʲôȵѪɽ֮ӦõĵǺµˣǣԣڲҪѹǻǶڽµʱôȽʵһ㡣պһٶ࿴ʸγʸˣתŹȥ
졢ľޡĸˣûżһĵԯ
ΪУľˣɡǹ֪ڴڵʿὫɡΪаɣŰ֮ΪҲм͹Щ˽һ
ʸγʸЩˣ̫ǳԯȲãûʶļѾɽɽǸСˡ
÷ʸγüͷżյıӰ˼
ߣ˶û䵽زˣȻôԴ󣡡ʸһͻȻЦԵĺڣС㣬ѪɽˣһҪˮ棬ʱһ㣡ǺǣҪһǡѪɽ治֪ؼһкСţǰ֪Ҳûǲ
ҺؼܴӺ³˵ɣûһ顣ҪǻʸݰǶ˵ͺݺݵؽѵˣˮǽϰˣ治֪ߵغӵĸļҶСûۣ
ڷһ䣬ûٺͻʸ˵ʲôسżյķ׷ȥзǳ棬ոռ˵һΪʲô˵ʱں²ԯȣ뿪⼸죬ǲʲôµϢ

ԯ´ڡ
ͨ˵֪뿪һʱ䣬½ʿˣлʸҾͷˣʸҵ˵ԯ֮󣬶ѪɽʿΪЩȻˣУѪɽֻܹǶֵǸӦеء
ʸҵԯ֮󣬰˼ƣԼԯȵİָֻţٲȻһǲͷߵģ
Щ˸ŭԣϾʸˮƹĻңǿʵǶ֮⣬ǻŰѪɽɹѹصĿںţ˸Ѱˡ
ǻʸңߣʸγڻʸҲرĽɫǻʸһӵܡΪм룬˵ʱǶԯȲҪȸ˵¼ҡ»ڡĽݼҵˣԻǣסʸңǲ̫
գǳȥ죬ʲôջ񣿡ʵ
ɱ˺ڰ֮ǱߵһЩˣУɱŵաЦ
ʲôɱգӺĺ棬߽ͻȻʧС
ţձǺɱˣһǱߺܶ鶼òͣϼǱڰǵĳ֣һӦʶԯȵʵˣʱ֮ڣǱߵӦòԯȣԴɲصġս͡
滹δзӦһѪɽжĵз֮һ֮ΪһЩ˳ȥ죬Էɱһսֱ̫ˡ
׼ͼ˵䣬ͻȻվСԪ鴫һĲĲһʼǳ΢ȴԾ˵ٶȱǿ
üͷ΢壬մҴҶԼ˵˼仰û棬ææ߳´źɽȥ

֮ձɱϢܿԯϢйڵ˶쳣Щ֤
ЩѪɽʿɣЩʿЩţԯȾȻոɵǰ֮ʿ£պ֮ôһֲȻԯȵˣʲô
ôܣôܣԯôɱգʸγϵҡͷһ˵Ǽ׿˵ģ
֤Σ˶˵ձɱˣ˵ǣ˵ԯȵġ˹
ʸγһ㵣֮ߴҪɵգ飬ˣζʲô
һǼſڴƻƣпŪˣɱһŵˣˡʸôţҲϵҡͷ
һߡ
ЩӳֵѪɽɸ֣Ҳе飬ͻʸҲͬʶǣż
ڻʸҺͼҵϣñҪ׵κһңһ֮ͬʶ
һЩ½½ıɵĸ֣һϢ֮ҲǷ׷׾ɲһʼǶϢʵԣأͨһЩѪɽʿĿھʶԯԶԶеǸļңҲеǸˡ
ԯһұؽƲɵ
˶һڼҵ˵ͨյǷ·ͻȻʶʲô֮ԯԼ˵ʱ̬Ϣзű仯
ʸγҲʼྯʸԯȵʱʵһ㣬Ҫٺͼֳʲô
ǲҡڷݵĻ⣬ʸγһɶƵģҲûкͼ

ԯȣɽרõʯڡ
úʯʯסϥڶѨ֮УȻʼĸԪ
һɲǵһ֣һڻҰɽԪ齫ħ֮ڷعȵ;УҲйһĸо
ǣʲôҪԪ֮Ժһ
һûеһ£ºָоҲʧˣûٴγ֣˺ܾãʶԼܴʶԪصĻᣬﻹЩûڡ
ջ޶ͻһԪˣĸоһγˣһˣҪһЩʱˣѨչ
ſ񣬼һ㣬״ĵףСһӡ
ǳһ֣ԪǶСѪ֮УѪܡƤԪ飬ǳ˼յһ࣬ϵͷų˿˿ԪڼڣյõĽԪ
շſ꣬ȥӦԪ顣
һʼմڵϣԪг֣յ굲棬Ԫ
ƺһûʲô仯Ԫɶҵ谭ЩΣշһ̽Ԫ飬ûʲôջһĸоǲûʲôã
ôվҪ˳Ȼʲôط
ڴʱһ΢Ԫͷųס˼ոԪһ꣬ҪԪջʱһ΢΢һЩƺһô뿪
ȻԪԴħյ겻һԼյʱԪԵ÷ǳºͣȫûְԵݶϢ
Ԫ鲻뿪ȡǿһͷһָо·Ԫ
Щ֣ûһջأ˳Ԫ˼ͽһԪ棬ʱϢţһʼղûвʲôͬ
ء
һַǳĸоӳļ䣬һ̽Ԫ꣬ȻûܹԪ룬ɸԪʱƺоԪһڣһ꿿Ԫ棬ܹӦԪ΢
ָоܹ֣ôһҪջȡܸܲԪԪ鵱оʲôص
һ뷨ԺһŵʱظӦԪдһ˿ҵǲԻˡԹħա
ħǷѵķؾȻԴﵽɢ겻磬ļգ֪ôġһ긽Ԫ棬պ˼롣
ͻȻһɼΪ΢ĲԪַݳ˲̽Ԫһ֮ϡ
һɱаϢ͵شһ洫ռ˸һ͵رջأԺ
Ȼһƹ켣ÿתһȦǹɱаĲϢһ֣һιŹֵļͬʱע뼧Ժ
ܿ죬ת˺üȦһдıаϢ֮ʧӰ٣вʸоȻ޴ʱķԺжһЩĪļ䡣
һտʼ۾ӦЩ״뿴ôһ¡
ףͻȻƽоѣ͵վǲŵľϲ
ԺͻȻļ䣬Թħա
Щ䣬ǰһЩ֮ħĻǷ֮յĶɢ겻𾳽

ľޣԪ鵽ôģһƳģľޣȻصʵ
Ӱֿ̳ʼԪʹˣԪһֱҽʥաľͣа̵ʷԪˣĲ˿֪
ô֣Ȼһ£ʣԪ鵽жãΪ̵ĳϣѵ
ľҡͷֻÿһĽܹ֪Ԫİ޴ӵ֪
һ֪ȻζֵˣҲǰʣҾͲ˷ʱˡ

Թħյļ䣬ջ֪֮󣬲ûСħն֮࣬Ҳһʿ֮ྶͥħ࣬һԶżղðȻԣûʯ
ʯ߳Ժķԯֶˣǻʸҵˣ֪ʲôԭưɫ޶ʧˣദʱЩʸҵ΢Ц̬ȱʯ֮ǰ˼ʮ
ôһ£ɻ󣬴Ӻɽ˳
գһϤͻȻԶһŵİٻӰһϲؿ
׽㣡շĵľϲôˣþûˣף޵֮ˣ
һλˮ鱦ͰŲսǸʱŻһʿⲢûйãİţȻ޵֮ˣЩ档
㼧˵Ҳ޵֮ˡų˸ۣյ񻹺ܾȵӣʶʱֻ֮Ϊؾ磬ֻͻһأ㾪ʲô
ôһ˵ղʶԼȷЩ֣ű֮ͨһʱĿޣﵽ֮˳µ飬οŻ»ڣаײ׺ôһ׸չ˺ָ
ҴСˣǺǣ׽㣬ˣյ
ģɫһϲЦݣĸˣҿǷԯȵŮأǺǣЩŮûв㲻Ű
УҡҡͷյæûмʲôŮУ׽Ů
⵹ĻӳʼȻʶ˲ŮƩμã׼Ρᣬμá׼Ρһʼദʱ򣬶Щˬ飬òܼǱϾˣΪҲǳ壬ֻ֪Ϊ̹ŬûʲôȤζ
ֻаŴһʼʶ𣬾ȫȫضãĴʶΣѵʱܲȡİţڼĿҪȰѩһЩŮҪࡣ
ŶûôСôˣЦݣǰȻȻס֣ߣȥ»ڵˣǺǣǿɶǷǳ㣬뿴һԯʲôء
ֱۣ״һĸоЩŤ̬ƺе㲻˼
⾭һЩ飬Ҳ¶ˣŮ֮ȻİȴҲ˽һ㡣ͰȻƣϾ׽ܣô޹˼ɵؿӦЩԾġ
ԯ߳ųżյֱۣȻЩ˼Ҳûѣ˾ô߳ɽ
;ҡڡѪɽһЩɡһЩʿ֣˵ʱ򣬶Щ㵣ڰϵʱϳ
һԯ֮Ѿȥձɱ֮£ɡԳ֤ʵˣ˼ãΪơ
ڲ֪֮䣬ѾԯĿһʼںɽӰ
ôһ˵ĺĸ޲ó뼧ʯڽúÿ
ڣˣҺһŮôܵĳݺܿ챻֤ʵǰŵ˲׷׾²⣬Сۡ
ףŮ˭ôͼôܣ
ţֻһŮйϸ»Ҳɳԯڣ񼧳ˮǴߣ»ڵŹùϵĻᣬҪǰײ׺ȻҲὫŮʹϵ

Χ۷׷׵Щʿɵˣ߷׷׾ۼڼաϡ
̬İţô˿ţţҲԲˣһͻȻͺȻҲûз֣ӲͷƤץסֱۣȥˣͷż»ڵķȥ
գѪɽŵˣڵȣɡڵ㣬˵Ҫǲǲ뿪ԯȣǼң⣬λǰҲ˼ɣȷͻȻһٻӰԽڶǰͰŵ·롣
Ǻ档
һһΧʿһȻȫͰŲǰеļա
֪߲࣬˲ɡ˺ͼյĹϵ֪ľҲȫĻͻȻúܶ˴סˡ
ĳ֣ԭԭڵСӷ
ȻͻȻʲô
ԯȣѾۼڶˮƹʿ֣а֮ǿҲУǾߵ㹻ǿᣬǰӲӲĺͺڰ֮Щ˽սʱ
ͻȻ˵ˣʱ뿪ԯȡ
Щ֮ǰƺ塢ϼ֣ЩˣѽҵȥˣܹΧɱĳ֣ҪĶĹǣؼʱ̣˵뿪ԯȣ˶סˣ֪ôһ¡
ʸγЩ˹ȥѯʼ֮õϢȴǼλʿ붯
Ϊ⼸˵Ĳ붯ֻܹƳǰµʱ䣬˶ǼλΪβôһ˵ƺŪĹؼ
Ҳһʱɣ˾㵵ʱ򣬼տЦź棬ǱҲǳģж֮ǰӦúúóﻮһС
ﻮˣֻҪǼҸּ룬ԽǱߵѹסȣôã֪ؼںˣǶֱ꣬һʱ䶼Ըȥ
գȼҸװɣҸҪллءŵ˵һ䡣
Ŷյ˵ͷԺ˵ȥ׼ɣһ
ɽʱ򣬰ײ׺ȹûаڣҲüײ׺ô˵ţܹ棬Ͱһ»ڡ


161 
»ڵԯһǣԯȣѱˮƹʿЩӸʿͽԯȵʱľۼ֮أԯȹôʿȻӵȴҲס¡
»Ϊʿ֮һڸƣиʿʮˣдﵽ֮ˣ༸˶졢֮
ײ׺ԯ֮󣬾ڹһЪϢûк͹ЩڶʿֹֻཻǷԸŶൽһ߶߶ʲôʱӺɽҶ߳
ײ׺ȹһΣȴ˰źüΣڰײ׺ʵǷ飬ŮȥҶ߶߶ҲΪ˵ȼճԺ󣬵򼧳յл
ոŰţ˹Ŀ£»ݾӵĵط
ԯֻôطͰһɧײ׺Զˣˣչʱ򣬰ײ׺ѾЦվǶȺˡ
ݼײߣԶԶײ׺վǶչһЦԴϴһһֱæûлײԵлɽʱҪǰײңѾˡ
ײ׺ͼ»ڵĸһЦͷüһԯΪ˴Ȧɵ㣬дӵܵķ緶
ֶ̫о㣬ֻСһºһ㶼ˡϵֶȻǼһԯôʱո¶ͷǣһֱǵһ飬벻ײ׺Цݡ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨οײҵҲģ
ڵҺŶǷˣ鱦棬Ŷô鱦º󻹽ʯתŶûʯ֮ŶҲô޵֮Ǻǣٹ꣬Ҫˡײ׺ЦĴԶһЩעߵʿ벻˵Ľѡ
ļգҲС䣬ƾһԯݣԺһЩ֮ƽཻˡײ׺֪ԯȼҼصİ֮ǿߣҲһԯķԸ
һӱչ߳˭ݼǶӣ
Ŀ֮£ײ׺ĵõ˼㣬ԽԽ˳ۣʼչźЦݡ
ţֱʱ򣬼ղŷֵ鱦湺һΣڰŵͷϣЦЦյûӵ
˼һۣһЦЦǵģҲ˵εֵһĲֵһأ
鱦ʱһǼԵһ鱦ֻŲ֪һεֵһֱձƭˡͼշֿ֮һʱзһһǳʺʹõ鱦־ϲ
ҿеĶôܻƷЦЦռͰײ׺̸ЦţЩ»ڵλ֣ҲһԴ
ȻӮ»ڵĺøУײ׺úӣҲϲ̵ģΪϡ
֪Ļ⣬ײ׺̸ʱ򣬻ǡôص٩Ͱż䣬ЦҲ⣬ÿʱ򣬰ײ׺ԸһЩ·ҪΧЩƵġ
գԶԶƵһߺ
ûмͰײ׺ǶģЦŸǣԯȥ
ùãʲô°߹󣬼Цʵ
´أ׼ν£㲻Щ˶֪ǺˡЦ
ڲ֪УѾһصСļƣгϢˣǳˡ
ŶôҰ
ǵȻ㽲ʲôҶҪԴء߰ɣСѾͷȵļˣ춼Ҷϴ磬޲ɱȥؼҶжҲϣܹ콫ǾȳľޡЩһɲҵĻЦ˵

´С
ʤڣɡڣʸγҲڣ֮⣬лƼҵĻѧ¼ҳޥһЩЩİ
һ߽Ŀˢˢ䵽ϣɡʿͻȻվֱߵ֮󣬹ɡҲȥ
ɡ˵̬ȣ˶һٿ򼧳յʱɫø
һɵĴϾͻᶼЦһ˹ƵƵͷ˵
һЩۼԯڵĸ塢ɸ֣Ҳ׷״»ڵİײ׺Ҳڼ֮´˰һȽĿλá
ʮ塢ɵĴһãλôҲнʸҡ¼ҡĽݼҡ»ЩˣȻرλѪɽƼЩɴ档
Ϊ֯ߣԯĿǰˣҲλۼƽ߸ϵ´֮󶼶ЦͷȫķԸϵЦԽԽˡ
ʱҹɽɽţΪһ֮߶κμ塢ɵλСЦʲôطûõˡ
ڣˮƹôͷԯڣһһЩֺرľȻһС
ңҲ˽ֱżȥ
ɫ΢䣬üԵЩá
þò˰֮Ҳü˰ţȻֱڼյĮشк
㣡һ㾹ȻҼңһȥϢǲųȥģֻ֪һȥ
鱦;Ժɱ˶żҶٷϢ˳ȥż̫ȻŭϧһдҪɱʱ鱦õرϢҲ˷˳ȥ̰֮Ѱ䡣
ʱͻȻ֣˵һ£Ͷż֮ľ𣬲˵ȥ׷ڰ֮ʾӦȥһˡ
ʱ;ʿȻõȷеϢ֪ǰ;еȺˡҿСɺСѾͷˣ·ϲûб˷֣龪һ
ºϸһ룬϶ǰϢǱųȥġһֱǵðײ׺ĶݣҲǵĳˣһȻˣʼ֤
һεϢҷųȥġϣȻûнƱ磬ϳ
㻹ҼңѹһҪ´˵ʱѾˡ
ΪʲôңȻһ㶼¼ˡ
ԽԽ䣬ȴû˵ãϼŵߵ֮ٺúһˡ
㲻ܹɹû£ҽüͷһûӵԯңҲǧΪѪɽЩʲôֻǶģ
üͷһ壬Щɻˣʲô˼
ȼϣۣ͡һڵģƺ´һģһԣ˯һ㡣
죬ɻˣû´˵˼Ȼɻ󣬵Ҳûмʣһ칵ͨһ£˽һ¾״˵


162 
Ը´˵ȻҲǿڼʤԣҲһԲֻǰ´ˮƹĸ塢䣬˼ЩǰѪɽǷΪˮƹηʸҵ岻ԸĹ
ˮƹʿ塢ʮµʮƩ¼ҡĽݼҡ»ڣжμҡؼҶǿʿƼһֻ࣬ˮƹĶɶѡ
۾תһȦǰԯȵʿȻв٣ƽͻʸҹϵҪõģҲһЩɡ岢ʸӣû˹Ʃ̫ǵҡǵĶμңû˹
֮ǰ˵ʿһȺ壬ǳѣ׵ĻȨǲû̫Լǻʸͬʿһӣʵۺ񣬼ȨңҲжʿǡ
ʿ磬һɡʵΪһеȺ壡
ʸҡҡ壬ǬڡԪڽɸֵʱҪ¼ӵͷʺãǬڹ壵ĴѦǵˮǣˮƹŮʣҲҪʺá
꼧ǿʢʱ򣬸ÿһʱ䶼˴Ʒǰʺ򣬼ߵʲôطҸֶͷͬǿΪʿ磬Ȩֻؼ塢յ
ʸҡ¼ҡĽݼҡ»Щ塢ɵˣ´ںͼ˵ŶԸµĶԲߣͨɡ˵ĽͣǴ˺Ǳߵѣеˡ
ȻŸζԺ¶ֵʱ򣬹ǲϵҡͷҲһԲ
λѵһԺµжǵĳɳɫЩŭ֪Ѿкڰ֮ϼķ̽ĸʿˣû֮ǰӦʿ⻹ֻ֪ģѪط֧ĸӦҲ˺£ûиּפ˭Ҳ˵ĺ£жǿҲ
ڡڳһսûκȡʤϣ
Ͽʸҡ¼ҡĽݼҡ»ڻһЩɶ˹ˣȻ˵ȷûһʿڣɡ֪Ǳߵ״֪Ҫº£ƾЩ϶
ʸγһڹԲȥȥڹҪϾںµЩѪɽ޹أɡˣֻϣͨһΪѣ֮⣬Ҳǿڼյϡ
Էչֳ㹻ĳ⣬ɡڵĸڹùӵܵȥðգȫȻûʲôҪ˶ϡ٣û㹻İգԸùȥ¡
ôһ˵´ڵıˣЩˡ
˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôã֪ɡ֮ԻǿϣҲǸʸγЩ˵ӡ
ô˲ذ˼ϡ
ܹ´Ķޱ֮ˣһ˼գǻȻ𼧳սʱ򣬹ɡվϸСȴ˵⡣
ǣڵĸɡ׷׿˼ա
ۼ˵ĿȫۼԼϣüͷͽȻ壬ƳһۻʸγҲΪʲôûа֮ĸԯȣƾԯȵӦϵЩˣû㹻İ֮ǰǼңðȻǰ£
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ɡ˵յģȴû˵ҵģ˵⡣
ڨڨЦ浹ҲùɡĻʲôԣڵĸԯȵʱȻ㹧ȴ֪ڵ֮ԻͼҪãȫȻΪһ˵Ĺͣɡɻô˵Ҳ
졢ľ֮ǿ߻ԯȣ͹ɡһҲΪգѩļңȻȴΨһԼָʹǵ
գǣǰ鱻ˡײ׺ƺʲô֮ԥһ£ЦŶ˵
ײǱߵƾԯȵȥֲʲôôЩδ֮ǰǡǲòʱֲϣײ½⡣ڹؼ棬ղẬεض԰ײ׺͡
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ʸγȻŻĸ߰ûĺڰ֮ܹǶŵɱҵѾԿǱߵˡ
֮⣬ǰԯȵʱӻʸҴ˼Ϊƾ輧ҵĸֺôǰɣټĻȫнЩսʤ
ڰ֮ϼšЩǧѪɽܹٸЩܹ䲻ѪɽǽˡЧʸγǿЩġ
ӣΪҲӣûϵվȻô沵һ߰ĻʸγǳŭĿ֮£ֲʧ˷ȣתͷѯʳݣ´ѹҡ
ҲǱߵҾó˵ĻӦÿţڵȷʱüͷһģ
ʸγһֿײ׺ʵأ
ײ׺˼һۣҡҡͷ
ʸγɫЩѿˣĽݼҵĴĽݻڣٴʵĽݼʲô˼
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ʲô˼ȻվĽݻڣӼʤһ߳
ĽݻھȻô˼ңʵ̫նһЩ
غȻԼҶжԯʵĲղһֱŲȥʯڵİ£˵Ҳǲûúؼҡʯں±Ȼ󼧼һҶ󣬳ΪѪȨˡ
Ľݻôһ˵´ɫһ·𶼻Ȼһ㣬ٿյʱһ˿
ô˵ʸγ˵ͷͬĽݻڵ˵
ûѪɽ֮ǰ˵㽫ҡѪͯǬЩöӲƳѪɽʼһССĻôˣƺ嶼һݰĽݻһЦ
ƺ年ҪͼıѪɽѪɽҲض¶Щп϶㣬ƺ彫ºؼҡʯˣȥ½ƺЩʰˣѪ˻㼧˵㣿
ˣǻøº˶ʲôֻǼҹ壬̴ģһôˣò尡
Ľݻôһ˵´ڶɴɫˣѧЩѪɽɸ֣һ¶һ˼ģ·ͻȻʶ˼յĿ¡
ݡײ׺ˣҲüͷ
Ľݻ仰һӽƵ˹ؿڣʹüҳΪʸ֮ģ˶ԼĴ澯衣
ÿڲţһĽݻǰ̧̫ˣһûôֻ࣬ıԸ˵ǲܹôĲ²⣬Ľһﲻ߶ȣʵ̫ˡ
ǼҲȥ£Ĵ治죡ʸγĽݻվһ˵
ɫһ䣬ſ˵Щʲôȴʤץס֡
ô˿ʡ
ҡҡͷʤͬ˵ǴĨǣ˵ʲôûõġ
˵һ̾ɬ
Ĵ治죿Ц˵ͷԻʸγĽݻڵղ˵ĺףԯӦ£ǿǧȻ˺ûʲô˼ҲԸһʿкã
а֮ĸԯȣҶ˵һɱ£жڵǣ˶ԯȵʵûκӰ죬ûҼҺ͹ڣĦ̡ϼκһԺɨǣ
㣬㾹ҿһʸңʸγɫȻһ䣬ȵҼȻȥ£жԸЩ˵ķǼֻܸȥһ֤ǿһʸûһʿҲܹԸǱߵһʿ
Ҳţҡͷ
ãʸγȻָɡλǿɸԣǻʸûӦʿ
֮ɳ
֤ŶԸʿֶΣô˵ʸγ򼧳ա
˵͹ڸһǰ£ոɴĳŵ
ãʸγһֱ´ȥ˵һԣ

ԯ⡣
Ѫɽϵɣʸҡ¼ҡĽݼҡ»ڴССʮʿɸַ׷߳ԯһʸγˣȻ
´飬Ѹײڶٶȣ˲Щд˳ȥ˶֪ʸγͼûʸҵԸڵİʿ֤ʸǰԯȲӣĴؼҡʯڡ
պ͹ɡ֮Щ˶ؿżգĿⶼڼϣҪļһԯǲĽݻ˵ĻûҳΪѪɽ֮
Ľݻԣһĸ˺վһ𣬵Ľݻ˵Щʲô
ֻǿǸһͻȻʲôϵɭˡ
˲ǱˣĽݻڵӹңڳ¼ҵ鱦ʱ򣬹ҶҶһеǧϽܵҺΪ橳۽ϸߣռհǧϽܵҺ橡
Ϊ£橻ѹգСһ㹨Ůˣ˵ŮرĽݼһЩӰ
ոĽݻͻȻڳԣ̰Ļʱ򣬼滹ǳɻ󣬲֪ԼʲôطĽݼңֱŮ֮󣬼ղ˹
ԭǹŮĽݻڶߴ磡
ؿ˹һۣʶΨСһ仰УĽݻؼʱ򣬾ȻΪ֮Զָڼ˳ƲʲôĲѡ
գ͹ɡһʸγʱһŭ͵ֻһεǰŭصȵǲģ
ȻҲ˿е֪˷´飬һֱļҪȥ¾˵ĺ棬ڴߴټǰ¾ˣȴԾܾбһ˵··Ȼˣ϶Ľݻ˵ʵ
ΪΪˬУټһβ˳ϵع׷ʼա
Ҳţɫһ䣬Щʧڵѹȵʱͺһ𿴹ǣŮЩͣȻؼͷԵȴιֲ״Щϲˡ
˵ΪʲôţǺʵ΢еĻСǼѪɽǺؼҰæҪȻǼҸ޴ȥǵѪɽ֮󣬺زȥԪȺüΣΪܹǼһõ֮أľʱǾȻҰģֱֱ޲磡
˻һмɫˣȻˣĿ֮˵ôһȷЩˣü޴棬ų̂׿¡
ΪһֱԺغȻĴмڶԴؼ˵ʱ򣬼ն֮ǰָʱԴǲ̫֣ûмƽϣһβôһЩˡ
С㣬ǺؼҶжһֱģǡҲһ룬ҲǺؼңǺαǰ£ҷѾţȥɱգ
ǼǺؼңӦ뿪ԯȣҪ֪û֮ǰǱߵԯȣǸûмܵðôգһֱԯȵ˹һҰġ޲ۣ
ҡҡͷʧֵʵ˵Ҷʧûϵᱻ˼仰һ˵ͽǹΪһˡ
һһ˵һЩǶһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôá
С㣬һζԴЩˣԺǻ֤㿴ǼĻǼ⣡ڴ֮ǰҲϣڳһ̰Ǽңһˣһ䣬ҲûɫѿĺһֱۣЦĻʸγһˡ
ĽݻڡԵʱ򣬼ͻȻͣؿĽݻڡˣ˵ɡͷλҽĽݼҵͳԯȣԯȣӭĽݼҵˣ
˻һɫһ䣬һżա
գǺ⣿Ľݻڻδ𻰣ʸγŭˣȵĽݼҵǰѪɽԸЩ˵ģֻΪĶԣ㾹ȻҸˣ㵽ʲô
ѪɽԸ£ǿԼȥҪԯȣıơֻƻŽȶСˣҼҲӭʲôߴ塢ɵˣԯȲӭ͵øҹȥ
һ˵꣬ȣɡͿͣ
ɡˣϢվĽݻڡЩĽݼԣĮλɣ
㣬ңͻȻָżգУСȻҶĽݼҲ㼧ʲôֻɽһ̸ϵС壬ҿڳԣ
ôעţվôĽݼңְԵ̬ȸˣֻҪѪ˶ܲˣοߴ֮һĽݼң
ʿɼ಻ߴȴһֱ߸ϣʿĽݼ˿˿鲼ϱ̺ţġǱߣĽݼҲΪԵÿ
ôĽݼ߱ϱκһκһطᱻصʿɡǺͻʸһˣĿ֮£ȻһСԸϳȥ
裬ԶԶ˹ҵĳܷΧ
ǲߣǲҪٿֱӶָˣʯޱȣ˿Ϊҵצ˵
գ̫ˣʸγŭָȵûнǻҷȻҵҵ棬ô飡
һտûʸγ˵
ңʸγŭֱżճ
һӰȻڻʸγֲֳɱʵʣԯͻȻѪζˣ˶оĵ׷һɺ
𶯡һĮվڻʸγǰ˵Ҳ֪ûнǻʸҷûǻʸҷҾɱ㣬ʸͮҲô
죡ʸγɫȻ䣬ЩһĻʸҵˣ͵صһͣеĶ
ԯȵʿɼ࣬Ȼ֪ԯȵģֻг¼һң
ʸڵʿɣȻ֪ұŰ֮ظ֣Ǵ˲˵ݣû֪һˣȻһħ죡
ѪɽˮƹֻҪʿ֮ˣ˲֪ħ֮
һѪȲκ˷۵׵Ŀֲˣһͺݾ޹˼ɣ˿ʴ֮ģ󣬳žŹ۷˭ֲѪȵ
һ˶סˡ
ϣϣϣ
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ڰͳ¼ܣһ鱦ڰ֮ͻȻԳ¼ҳ֣Ҳ׷ɱڰ֮Ƶúڰ֮òݻ򣬱Щȴ
ע£ʸγˣһƽư裬ηηĲ֪˵Щʲôá
ʸҿǰ裬һħǰķֻỻɳܵĲпۡ
Ϊ˵ɱʸҲûа취ȥ׷
ʸγ֪һЩ֪ʸҵһλڶԴʱ򣬶ǲȡߣӲв
ڴʱһһ
ЩˣŷֻһСɷոһľ·ΪʶԼħŵˡ
ߣĽݻڵͺһһקסңȼպֻ֣ȥ
Ľ֣ʸγһΣƺҪЩʲô
ҲˣĽݼҲϳЩݲǣԲסˡĽݻڿ˻ʸγһۣɫҪѿжѿͻȻתͷҲص뿪
ûг֮ǰĽݻڻĿǸҲȻһ֣֪ڱļңյȷʲô鶼ĳ
ȹɡ˶ֽӳȥԼһ棬ѿ
ͻʸγһĽݻڣҲ£¼գ죡
Ľݼҵˣô뿪ˣԯһӳĬɫ죬һ治֪Щʲô

ĽݼҵˣҪҪȶʸγʼԥˣ˸ǻǿһѿЦݣǶ֪Ǻá
üʱȥ£ҵ⣬ؼҺЩϸҲῴźؼ˱ôɱĿɨˣ䵽ϣһѾͷʱදӣ˵ʲô㶼ţ޵֮ҲԻᱻ˰װã綪
汻쵱ѵ⣬һίȴҳԽƱ磬ùͷ
ݺͶԺؼҵĴָ漸ƣҲֻܹţҪЦ
һһ˵Ϊҳ壬ΧЩ˿Բżңȴ˵졣
ϵ˵ݱ̬
Ҳšײ׺ͷ
ѧЩѪɽɣ˱̬һæ׷ױʾ졣
Ϊһ仰Ľݻڵķ̰ôɢΪħ˶Ʒ˵Ļ
ʸγԥһ£ҲæЦ˵ϼȻô˵Ҳš
һûʸγǻʸҵʲôܹӦ֮ĸ֣һʶʶɣǴʲô
ʸγɫһ䣬æҡͷ֣ЦǻʸҵԸһİʿУִﵽ۷֮ǡǻʸҵǡӦ
԰ɡʸγȻҲڰ֮ȴֻܹǿ£ԶԶ۷֮ԣʰɣ
⵹ǿԡʸγԥһ£Щ岻Ը˵
ˣٺͼҹȥʸγҲЩģѹûһƢܹ֤һʲôҲʵ̫һ㣬ɳˣͻʸγ⡣
ɣøңԻʸҵͻȻ߳ˣڹɡʸγ֮䣬ЦſŻʸγ
㣿ʸγˣŹֵؿżա
ΧҲסˣżգ֪ͻȻʲô衣
һʿǼԯҲһʿʵɻ֪֮ʲô


163 
ڻҰɽӰڵʱӰڻĺʱ򣬽ս;ͻȻܹԪǸʱʶԪ鵱оۼԪѾľˡ
ǣԪ齫ħڶħԺһγ˿ɹ۵ѪɽʱԪֽոɣۼӳӯǰԹֿԽԪˡ
ˣҿڳԣͻʸγеһ
֪ԪܵûмˣΧôΧֻ˷裬ΪſȰʿĿ
ʸγȻҲǲţôһ˵ǲмҡͷʧЦ˵ǼԯΪֻ֮Ϊ㣬ĿԺҳе⣿գǲһ㣿
ϻ˵ֻҪֳܹʤңұ֤Һ͹ͬһս¡ЦˣЦݷǳţ·ԼƵġ
ôһ˵ʸγϵĲмŨһ֣ȴûӦɡˣʵλΣ
һ겻Į
ʸγȥɡ
˼ҹڵ˼ɡ
Ȼ
˭ûϵ졢ɡʿȻμЩʢ³嶯Ҳ⣬졢ɡ͵ɷӦûзִŶԣ
ǾȻҲͷͬ⣡
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ȫͷԣһȵɻģ
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ԵĻҾͲñʿˣһƽ׶㹻ˣʸγϵ
ƽ׶һݡײ׺ɫȻһ䣬һӸ
ݡײ׺ˣ˵ʸһƽ׶ڻʸƿˮƹ֮󣬾ۼ°Ӳϡȱɼнʯ֮˾ʱһ
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Ϸģƽ׶ȻУ˵гʸγЦЦ򼧳գ𣿡
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͵γɣһؽһأмûһͣ٣ֻǡƽ׶ӭȥһβ漸κȻصһλ㼯һɲǼֺ͡ƽ׶ײˡ
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յǸʯѨڵʱѾˣ֮⣬
սĮȻ˵ͷбһۣҶ֪ˣȥʱ򣬵ȷϢ͸¶ȥģôҲǶĲԣҺǼҹϵǳһ㣬ĿǰǼ֪
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Ĵ󻤽̷ڵЩĦˣϥڱѩУѾѩǣԶԶȥ۾ǳһѩˣûһ
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⡭ǺãĽݼҵ뿪֮󣬳ɭЦЩΡ
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ѩײǹһ˿ǳЦߺߵһΪڽУʲôŮ˶һء
⼸յദרעĳµļռΪ˾壬ںѧϰ̹ڼ䣬ûһɫӰ죬Уš֮Լ·һӹ֬׷ۣûб¶һԵɫ
ð壬Ϊܲʱкһ̰ˣʩչʱ򶼻һʧ̬ʱؿԼ⼸ͼտôȴһ㲻֮ɫ
һԼòžĵİ춼ЩԼǲĳֱ仯ˣˣڿڽʱ򣬰ڽʱЩֽš
ۿ־꣬ڲسԼ΢΢һЦĪá
ߣͻȻȻָؿո
ԻţһľЩκͻңֻǡֻϰһû˲Щ״Ρ
ڰɨɨʣ˲ˣΪǽˣ
Цհ̵ߵڵأˡΪҲˣ
˲˻ǽˣʡ
Ӧ˲ˡʩչôͻָ϶Ҽ½ˡһģ
ոûȫʩչʡ
ҡҡͷȻûоȫһӦûת־ᶨʿҲһôѡ
üͷ壬ƺ˼ʲô⣬ӵؿһ˵ģ˲
ǳҸոɲǼ־ʧأֱԼ˭ǸʱͻȻ֣һնӦԡճ˼˵
ˡΣҲ㶯֡
˵ͷһͻȻ飺ɣԺѧϰУʱʩչȻ֮ԾȫʩչÿͨĥԼ־֮ҶܹӰ죬Ժؽ棡
˵Ħ̵ʥĸͼΪóȻܹ֮˸ԸͨȻܹ֮ҿԲӰ죬һʥĸҲܹһֻĻᡣ
ʲʲô죬
ԺʱʩչҪٹ˼ʲôͨĥԼ־ظ
һͻȻ˿е˵ɣǳЦˡ
಻ܿƵؼȻ䵽ϣ֮ɫ
죬͵ػָЦȻһףȷġ

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ÿÿ˫ŰһʼҪ֮һʱ䣬˺ʱԽԽݣֻҪļͿȫת
ÿһܵȻʱ򣬶ඥһͻȻָȻԼľѳ
ۿתʱԽԽݣоͬʱʼ𽥼ӴȻԣطһδεľѣ𽥵Ӧһ㣬֮ԽԽ
־֮ᶨڳˣԸԵĻܷеһڼһδѸһƵؿʱ򣬰˺ߣͻȻڡ
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ӺȻһ˫ͻȻˣôضŰ۾Ҳˣڰ֫ظԲβٲȻһϵɫж
ΪܳһӣСľ޼˵Ľ̵³ɳһȻĵľգľ޵Ȼ츳Сͽ̵ϰ̵
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һʱ䣬ǶľʵΣ
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ͷС֪ˡ
İļľ޵ƺûһǵŮˣʱܹõģ̡㶼Ī£󣬿Ƶſģֻôһˣú롣
һ֮ľһĻ꣬Ȼʧ
ǶƢңң䵽ǰһӰ棬֪ΪʲôļҲˣȻľ޵˼ȥΥı⡣
ҡҡͷ̾һĵӣԼܹӵе

ԯȹȿڡ
Ľݻڣ㾹ȻһһĽݻں͹ȥɫһ䣬͵غȵ
ոĽһȣԯȣڼ֮ǰ˶Ѿʸγƺ˭ǼҴҵشԶ˹
ݡײ׺ˣҲʱϵֻԶԶĽݻԵһۣݡײ׺˶ɫһ䣬عȥͷ񣬺ͻʸγһĽݼ
Ľ˵ͷ䣬żյǼգ
ۿݡײ׺Ľ񣬼Ȼ֪ݣüͷĽһۣճͷǼա
ôĵӣ㾹ҸĽݼҵȣСӣǲǲ֪Լ˭ˣĽغȵ
ĽأﻹûҫķݣڴʱԶһ䣬ѾڼվĮȻؿ
죬㾹ȻҹĳĽһбۿͲ¹Ԫڵ׷ĺͼһֻҴ鷳治֪ôġ
ҵ飬ֲġһ겻ĮؿĽݻԻڣ䣬ӰԯȵŽᣬոԯȲ޹
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쳶˳ǣҡͷʲôûУһǾ仰ĽݻھͲԯȣҲһ
ɣͿˣһЦߺһ
һ䣬ɡӰȻ䵽ԣľҲڰȻһ֣һаǶһĽƲɢ·ֻҪ׼ᣬʱҧһڡ
һǼ䣬ĸʿһ֣һ½ìͷĽأһԲֵơ
˵Ľݼʿٺ٣ĽݼҸ־ΣĽǰĽݼңܹҼЦ˿ؿĽأ
죬ʱңҲѪɽİΣΪСңĽɫ䣬ָе
ҪԸҲܣԸǲУһĽأҵƢҪҶ֣ԼͻΧĽݼҵıˣһȣ
ĽҪǸҶ֣ͻΧˣҲ֤ŹںͼˣѪϴĽݼңһᣬ˫евչ¶ɣֱֱĽء


166 Ⱥ׽
ĽΪĽݼ֮ôһֱ⣬һ˵вǴûй
Ű֮ΪħĽسвĽȻܲˬΪ֪ƢҲǲܹܡ
ȻյĴԲѣĽЩˡ
ڣĸʿϢԯȣĸʿȻȫӼյķԸĽصҶ֣Ͳһдɱ˼
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˼ĽǸҳ֣Ѱ·
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ãȻӢ۳꣡Ľغͷתԯȥ
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ײ׺һһɥż̾ѣ֪ôһ֣Ժ󼧼ҺĽݼ֮ԲкĻᣬԺұؽˮݣֳ¶˳
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ЩԯȹȿڣЦˣĽôһ˵һɫȻ䣬ҴҵؾҪ˱ܡ
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һǹƾֳƣֻԯ
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ŮӵĿߵĲҽһЩ峤ֵߺ㼯һʹԯȳھ޴ĳС
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ʱԯѾˣȴԷӶûз֡
СģҪۼһ𣡡մ󺰣ȴڵĳȥûжܹ
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ıһŵԯãЩҲ֪ӦǺõĸˣʼ˵ĴѰڵĽֵͷϵĹ
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СĶɽʯճЩ˴󺰴С
ˡʤЩˣ֪ôڹɡ˵İ£׷׳źɽЩұĶѨܡ
ҵߣľڼն
ͻȻ侲͵ؽ֮һ̣ڵĻҾһԼɵĻ棬Ҳûƽˮ꿪ʼԯȥͼЩгһһҳ

Ȼһ죬һǷݳȥ̽״꣬һӰεĽ絲겻ܹͻһ谭Ĳһɢ
ԯΧȻŲӵ谭
Ծȴƽˮղû٣۾һɽұȥӰ갴Ĺ켣һƻع꣬Ժת˼Ȧָֻ֮
ȵ֣֮ͻȻз˳ȥһ׵Ĺâ֮ͷųԯڵ¶Ѹ
֮ԯĺƷȥ֮֮һǹⱻɢЩɫˮΣ֮֮һУ׷׻Ϊɢ
ɡһʹһۣҲлᦡɥȥлᦡɥһ죬һۼлᦡɥ棬лᦡɥһӲ
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ʱ򣬵صִһĺܶվʼվˣصѿһ׵Ĺ֣ɽȥ
ϼ֣ڵصףҳ¼鱦ʱҲڵصװгֵģڰգߺ
鱦ʱ򣬵صҲѿһ޴Ĺ֣ҴзɳĦ̵ĸ֣鱦ķЩ鱦
һԯȵصдһ춯صĶɫȻһ䣬æ
СȻޥģȻ֪ڵصѿĹУ͵ش֣ĴЦ
֣һǲ֮УͻȻ˼Ӱ
ڰ֮աķ̽ӰڵĻĺϣһѪѪطֵ֧İʿЩ֮⣬ƺһܹʿҲһһֳ
ŵĸ֣ҡƿƿ޹ޣЩɫҺ㵹ں֮УΪһεζˮԯȡ
ôһȺںĺ֮ϣһؿ·һŵԯȡ
ٺ٣ԯеˣһͻһ߾ʬˡڰ֮Ц쳹ԯȡ
ɡڻҰɽɱӰڵˣӵԯȣһӲӰڵ׷棬Ӱĺ濴ŹɡƳ˼һۣһϧҲŸոո¶ͷǣϾҪˣ
ĺһ֣һͻȻʶһսˡ
ĺӰڵĸ֣Ű֮Ϊ鱦ʱӰڡϼĦһ˳¼ңϵһλͬԯȣҲǺ
˻ĺˣټһѪط֧ĸ֣ԷѾʿԶԶԯֽѹһ˸Һ޹˼ɵɱԯ
ѾҶеЩˣɫɫˣص׻֣Ǳһս̫Σˡ


167 ɱħ
ʿԯȣԯߣֻ졢ɡľޣǼһѰĽأҲֻʿⲻܹͶԷ࿹⡣
ĺӰڵİʿһɡɫͽȻѿӰڻҰɽħᣬ֪ΪħռʲôϣԹɡ˵ӰڵĴѾӰ˹ڵ档
ۿĺҲӻҰɽ˳Һͺڰ֮Щ״ħ֣ɡпŭȴ޿κΡ
ľޣΪܹƾСǿЦð̵ĳϣȴҪһСӣ̹ȻԽԽˡڰ֮ҡͷ̾Ŀںɽľ޵ϻεš
ܶ˲֪ľ޵ݣҲ֪ͻȻԯȵĸ˭ڰ֮һ仰һ˶
ȻһˣѧԶԶһǲ
Ѫɽϵʿɣŵִ֮飬֪ҾȻߵһ֮ţԼҲ
뷨ĲֻǻѧһˣһЩѪɽļ塢ɸ֣Ҳɫ΢䣬Ƶؿͷľޡ
Ȼ̵ˣߣҲһа̣ĽƳ˼һۡ
ڰ֮ЦӻѧĽص˵̬棬ԼһȻ벻ãľ˵ݣԯȼ˳Ϊʸ֮ģȴڲ߽⡣
⻼ǰĽءѧЩ˲Žһ¶ҲͰˣȻľ޵£״ͶԷս
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ľȻƽĮ̫˽ȴһ˵൱ˮƽ
ľ΢ʵĻѧЩˣľôһ˵һȻʶǱ̵߰ǿ󣬵ȷǿѹסĦ̵ҰģܹĦ̷ͥĦԹ˲ϾѪɽҵĹ
ǰҲҺǿ⣬ǲҪΪԪ֣ǾͿջԻˡڰ֮ҡҡͷķЦǽͽǰ̵ϣȥǳ׾ȥ
ڲ֪УղΪ˰˵ϣҲ˹ϣɵѹһѹϣ΢
ź֮ϣڰ֮ķ̽աĺϡѪظظԯȣصϴһҺЩص׷϶еˣ֣һʿĹΧ֮ڣȻûлȥϣ
һѣԯеκ˵Ҫôǿĵˣһ˾顣
ڰ֮ķ̽Щˣûмշϻһκ֣Щվԯ˿ʼ֡
ڰһԯȣʿǿֲģЩںɽʯеˣ߸ʿĹ¶ܹѣźڰ֮ǵĳ֣ɽʼʯʼѡ
һ̣ԯȵ˶ӰУƺôҲѲ
졢ɡľޣĽأڲٱԯڷһǼ䣬һֻź֮ϵĺڰ֮ɱȥ
ʸγҲûйԥƽ׶ڲӲӽֻźеմȥ֪ǲȡڼʧܵľԵʣʸγǡƽ׶һųȥȣһң
ⷬȻ˵ʸһЩģͬĻʸҵĸ֣׷״֮⣬㼯ǡƽ׶֮ڣʿһټϻʸγǡƽ׶Ȼ֮⡣
ʿġƽ׶Ա֮ǰԸյʱǿ࣬޼᲻ݵġƽ׶յʱҲһٴеģǡƽ׶˿Իˡɱ
ʿ֮սȻյȼ
ֱʱһȺȺϼšĦ̡Ӱڵĸ֣Ŵԯ濪ԯڵĳݡײ׺ѧЩɵĸɱȥ
սĻںҶĹڡҸ֣ۼϵİʿϾ˼ǣַ׷״ЩҶ˳ͳݡײ׺ǻ۵һ𣬺Щԯȵĵɱһ
ôģʿ֮սջǵһοԯһ˲䴦캰ɱ֮УͷϿ裬׻ȸʥ޻ղ֣֮䣬֮
һ̣ͻȻĪȼǿҵս
ѪڣһȼգʱᵽԯѪĲ֮ͬվ֮£ѪȻһɲĵս⣬·ƾڵһǻѪûʲôƵġ
ѪȼգԪʱĽӿע֫ٺ޾ʱӯ壬һ²ĸо

һ˷ܵУ˫Ȼȱɭ⣬һǰƤŸ֣һ˲£Ѹٱһǡ
ԣסᣬȻݳȥһ
꣡
ŵĸ֣͵رѿɼ飬һˤڵϣ顣
˫кģ߾۽˭ϣȥǺ⣬һЩʵ΢ߣ˲䶳ɼЩ졢֮ĸ֣ΪڵԪ񣬵ǲǡ
Ȼڼ֮ע£ǻĵ׷һӺ⣬ҲȻȻܵӰ죬֮䲻ٶȱ仺ҲܵӰ죬ʮͻȻ߳ɶӲ
ûж֣ƾһ˫ĺ⣬֮һšϼĦ̵Ӱ죬ҪôɱҪôûնɱ
ôվǶһ˫ԯε⣬䵽˭ϣ˭ܿ챻ûնɱȻû֣ȴ˼ΪҪá
šϼĦ̵ĸ֣ûϵȻô棬֮Щ˷׷С

̶Цһɱ߿дѪ죬һ·ֱżճ׼Ѹնɱˡ
Ħ̣ɱħ
бĹȻۼɱħϣٳ͵һ٣˼Ӱ죬Ȼ֮ɱħʵǶȻܵ˺Ӱ죬Ǻܿص˼ԡ
ڴʱͻȻžһ
־塢̰ħײ׺Χ룬һЦض԰ײ׺֣ͬΪ֮־塢̰ħ֣Ҫǿײ׺һЩ˵Ĺ֮£ײ׺֧穣ӦļΪѡ
С˶һûܹס㣬ǲˣٺ٣һǺúֺֺͣ׼еı󡣡ħеħһЦشһŰűƽͷ߸ͦŵʱһͦһͦġ
;һЩŮˣôģ׷ŵвѣԶԶ㿪һ㲻εĳªħͷ
СӣĶңҿʲôɱħնʱ̲סŭбɱһһѪɱ¾Ϣ͵سżӿ
ͻȻһһϢӰ죬һľҲ΢΢ˣɭĹâͻȻ
ɱħסᣬڳû˼ԣһţѪצͷżצ֮Уǹ磬Ѫָײ̫ˡ
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ۿɱħצץһЦЦͻȻͬצԺɱħһģһַץȥ
ɲǼ䣬ָһķ鵽Ũʱӡơ
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ɱħͻȻǺҽ˲̶š
ʮָͷγɱħ֣Ѫܣʮָʧ
ʮָģʮָͷ˲γʹɱħ˵ҲЩԳܣڹǺз򼧳ա
ԯѪͬޣľˮ֮һһһ飬ǿȾһܹģټԪĹעһɱħսⲻѰ·
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һߣӦħɧţҪԱߵĳʱʱչһ°ţħ׷֮£ŷҪŵɡ
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ħٺЦǹⶺŪһ㣬ɱ֣ôЦצسŰһЩвλкȵİֻܹĴֶˡ
ĦߵʵҪԯǿ࣬ħЩԯܱɱֻ飬ˣһ㲻ż׷ٰŵʱ򣬻ʱʱضΧŮкһ¡
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˼ԵǲȻǵһε顣
ãôһ˵ջȻħ׷£ԼͰŵǱˡ
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һöɫףǡǡħ£ʱħϰʹȻסˣȴͦͦƨɡ
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ֻһħҵӣôը飬ѪģȽը¶ˡ
ħһĲҽУһŤΣͻȻ񣬱ɱħҪһĳ򼧳ա
ЦͷųһʹȦȦһħһңȻһ¡
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ڰ֮ۼɱħħɱɫһ䣬׼ķԸա
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ⲻǳô֣ЦЦӵǲ졣
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׼һѪذʿĽأۼĿ꾹ȻļգĽһ£Ȼֹͣ˶˵裬šƽ׶ɱȥ
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ѪǶϵʿɣѪط֮ȻݻɣѪһؼȴһáѪ
ѪظΧԯ˶ԡѪʽ̰֮⣬иҰġͼԯѪ
ѪŵؼԽڵѪȫͨ˵ѪѪظֿȡѪеԯڵѪµ֮Ѫ˵ջǳ
ѪظֿԽԯһѪȫԼڵѪôԯҲӵУǿȴƩ硪ٶ֡
ѪشӶΪѪڱҲΪϴˢѪصĳ裬ΪһԯѪ
ѪУѪδһȻڼյΧ
ͻȻڷڵѪʼЩܿƣһޣҪ
һָоΪ죬ɫ΢䣬ŨŨѪеѪ񣬲ɶһ˿ء
ѪѪػֶΣ
СģѪضҼһֱĻ죬ΪܹõѪʽԯ֮ѪѪְ壬һ˽ѪߣСģԶĪһѪظѪ򼧳գ̲סѡ
Ѫ֮ԯɭ䣬ϵذ̫¼İתڵԪѹǴѪ
Ѫ֮Ҿԯҵԯ֮ѪԺԯѪڳ֣㼧ңԯѪѪ֮У˷ܡ
ΪѪڣܿƣɫҲѪۿѪԽԽԼڵѪԽԽܿƣղϵƿ壬ԪѹٶȼѪ
һѪϾϣȫȥƵʱѪؼûá
Ѫܵ˼ڵ״ЦҪȿס㣬źðǵؽһѪˡ
䣬ŨŨѪ֮УѪѾ˼ԡ


168 
ѪؼȷӰѪѪѪط֧ѪڵڶʿҲǴһʿκεطûиС
ռƳأѪµֵ
Ѫƺû̫յһ£ļӦûжҲһֳĴѪʱûȡûɱ֡
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ѪˣȴУûпʱ򣬼վͽԪתֱۣѪڣϵش߷Ǳ
ֱΪֲ̫ԪСȵ΢΢ؿ׵ĺ
ѪȻѪѪζ̱ǣһǵɷϢ
ѪѪ֮У屻ѪԶԶȥǻԡѪƺһεѪϹţһ˫ͫҲǼ˿µѪɫ
һѪѪз˳Լһ㣬ղϵرŷй켣Ȼżȴûֱ߶ۣ˲׽
ѪѪɫͫףѪעżգƺڲѪĹ켣
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һѪ۱ţؿһǻѪƺҲһѪѪֶѪƿأһͷųʹȦܹͬӰ쵽ˣɶԷĻҡ
ͬǣں֮ͷųʹȦӰ꣬ѪͷųһѪ⣬ӰֻѪ
ڵѪȽԣҪԿɿԣҪһЩ
壬⶯ԪֳһؿڹסЩ쳣Ѫһ̫¼־İӳãؿڷ쳣Ѫƽ
ⲻѪһô֣ǰεľ飬ӦѪƿѪʱԽԽף˷
ǰһѪ⻹۷ţȻڵѪȴƽ
һ֡ǰԶ͵Ѫ˫죬Цһ䡣
Ǽ䣬ٵѪѪƵѪ֮мɳ˷ż
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һߣںͻʸγһԸյĽأŶĴ⣬ɵصͷԯ
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ĽصڹƶڣҪ
ͫͻȻһĽжһӷŻڰУЩ˼棬źѪֵļա
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һ֮꣬ſӲʿʵǱж
ܹӲʿֻҪСĽһ㣬ܱɱֻҪһɳô£
Ľ״ηڵڲδ֮ǰͰѼҸ͸ˡ

֣Ѱ·һХƺܹ˺һ㣬Զ
ֵ֮Ĺ´֣һͻȻȵףǲŵغȻ
治شҽУЩǱԯΧĦ̡ϼʿ֣Ѹٱնɱ
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֮ϣڰ֮ķ̽ɫ䣬׷¶ĵ֣ԯȣ
ͼսֵѪĵغ޺޿˼ۣȻͷֱϷȥû׷ֻ̧ͷ죬۾Ѫͣ˼ӡ
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ĽôȻɣΪûԶԼ˶֣ȻǳˬһʱȴҲ÷һڶȴؿڣʱŻᷢй
ǻʸͮ飬ĽҺỵ£ۿɽһʱҲˣ֪һɳɭɽ˸˹
ǡɣһԯȣΧǱˣԯд˶䣬ʶԯе״
Ħ̵ˣʸͮȻͿʼɱˡ
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ĽȻ뼧ҲģʸҵĹϵʸͮһĽһҪʸҵѹңӭ˻ʸͮҪߴ硣
ٷϻȥ£ԯȵ죬쿴ੲݺͻʸͮĽأ͵˵
֣ڰ֮һĶӣʱǵһٵ춨ʤֵʱ̣ھƵķչһԯڶ˷ʱ䡣
ʸͮƺΪأˣٺĽض˵ܹģҾһۣһȥ½Ѫɽ汻˽ȳ
ʸͮˮƹһŮʣңˮƹʿУһôһ˵ԯֻҪʿ׷׵ͷһһϰա
̧ͷ죬ЦȻܹԪȴܹۿһʿգЩơ
ʱľŹԳ֣ؽצһѪϹϾضԼ˵ҪҪȥ
šյͷ
ǰа̵аˣĦһа̣ǲáľһĽݼҵĽݻͻȻҵĿָ꣬ľ޶Իʸͮдʵ
ʸγҲǼæͷԻʸͮùã˵ȷǰа̵ˣʿˮƹˣѪɽ֪ʲôıơ
ʸͮû֮ǰĽݻڡʸγһֱܵ͵һ˵ͻȻ


169 
Щ˾û㹻֧ŵʱǻ֣ܰܵ͵
һ˵֧Ͼͻչֳøߵϲǣϲͨĳַ֤Լ
ʸγĽݻڣһˡ
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Ľݻⷬһ£ʸͮδʾʲôϣĽصǺݺݵһۣƺĲʶࡣ
ĽݻĪĿףЩɻ󣬲֪ĽΪʲôҪ
֪Ϊľ޸ոճֶԸ˺ڰ֮Ϊҵʵ̫ǿᣬĽݻڡʸγ׷ľ޵⣬˲ûж˵ʲô
ѧݡײ׺ͬʱĬԣĽݻڡʸγʱЩġ
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̧ͷ죬ߺͻʸͮ
ʸͮӣѪɽϵ飬ǹܣϹˡ
ĽݻȻ
ʸγһ̲סùá
죡ʸͮ˫һԣؿ˵Ļû𣿡
ǡʸγɫһ䣬æͷҶһ
ʸͮһƺܲתͷʱȴЦݣ죬ûб飬ǲȥһ˺£
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Ǿȥ°ɣٶҪ죬ܹЩ֮ǰ£ǻࡣʸͮɫ糣·ûջвζתźµķȥ
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аĽݻڡʸγˣһۣǾһ˿ֻš
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ʶһۣȴһ΢ЦĿǣЦĺܲãܿġ
ĽݻڡʸγˣȴͻȻһ⣬쬵ģʱᱻ˸ȥƵġ

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Щʿײ׺֮ʿҲĬԡ
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⣬ⲻܣҡͷôҲţСֻжʮ꣬ͬľˮôͻƵ֮ģ
һ£鲹䣺ǼԯҲô죡
ɡ⼸˾첻ѵۣɫΪ죬ĵ֪ľˮ𡢽ϵҲ͸ںϵĻ᲻۾ɳ

ڵԪڹЩ̲ڵڴļգϷɫΣڵص׳ͨطţ󺣣оԴص谭
Ԫ壬Ѿϰضûһͨε
أ뵽µصЩʵӲεӦԪǿ
ϼŰ֮ΪԪתγһӴԪط߶ȷԸıصһλõķλڵصôԪʩˣͻɵصԪķֲ
˼·Ļȷ֣ǲڵصôô
һܹ޷ɢϸߣΪģ˷졭
һ̣һĺʹΪһĸо·ԼΪ˴صһӣܹܵĳغ
̺Ԫش˷ۣЩԪڵصһһǿʾ
۾ͻȻһͻȻľ
ǰһ۶ԪΪľı仯ͻȻͣȻذԭĹ켣أȥ
ͻȻһЦݣһһһڴ渡ȥ
һվðͷӵص˳
ϵĳָһ򣬵֣µ֣ӦתƵˡ
߾һֱϵĻʸͮĽЩˣôһ˵ͻȻסˡ
߰ɣȥǱ߿˵ͷ
һɡľ˶˵żָķȥЩӹڳʿҲ׷׸ϡ
ޥԥһ£ͬĳ¼ҵ˵ͷҲ˹ȥ
ҲȥСӣ˿͸˵ܹЩҳءЦЦŰײ׺Щ»ڵҲ뿪ˡ
ԯȸĻѧЩˣЩԥȥΪʸͮδǶ
¼ҡ»ˮƹƴ󣬲Ҫ̫˼ʸҵȴͬѪɽ棬Ƕ㲻һɣԻʸͮôһ߸ϵȷҪСĽһ㡣
ҲȥɣʸͮȻһЦĽء
šĽȻЩ鲻ԸҲ˵ͷ
ǡʸγҪ˵Щʲô
Ȼʸγʸͮұ죡ڿʼҲ㷢κٸ˵ҽƽ׶ؼȥ
ʸγæͷΨΨŵŵӦ֮ҲҶ˵һ֡
ڻʸңʸͮȨ˵սϣʸγˣԺĻʸңҲû֮ء

磬ǳ٣˶˹
ľ޴żһȣ졢ɡ˽ٺǹڹһˣݡײ׺ʸͮЩɻͲΡ
Ϊ׵ļգ۸ɴˣľ޴ţҲҪ˷Ѿ
ŷһʱңһߵУͿһЩԯ˳ˣʧȥԺЩŵ˲ûģȻ֣ƺЩĻ֮һ
ʮŵһߣЩ岻ԸĽݼҡʸҵˣȻʶ·ˣҪȻôˡ
ԶԶһǱĿϢļգԽԽˡ
Ӧû⡭ѹԼ¼˶ڿʼС˵ʱ֣ڰ֮һİʿǳ¼ûаʿڣҪСĽ
󷽣ʸͮĽˣɫҲʼ׷׶Լ˲Ҫ⡣
˼ȻѪɽӦ֪ḶʲôۣǻĲˣͻȻۣüͷ˳·⼸ŵˣ˳˰ɡ
һȻ˻Ŷ֡
Ŷֵǹڸ֣ɹʿԳ֣ټϼʿɾ֮ϽȺǺУЩŵˣҲûлطģԶһƬϡ
ǰѪɽĵзɸ֣ҵĪţձɱѪɽʱûΪĹΪȡ棬ǳǰ棬ƺ塢֣һȺĺ֮ڻʹѪɽ˲ء
һЩ䵥Ÿֱ֣һ˺ɱһͨӽ֮Žʵ󽵣ܹܲĳ۶ˡ
ûЩ˷̫ʱ䣬ֻһЩ䵥ŵˣ㱻Щɱĸɸɾ
һ˼żָķȥһ·ϣϼĦ̵ˣ˺Ҫն˵ʲôˣֻҪЩ䵥ĵˣһӵϣڼ̵ʱڽս
Щַߣû˻кøУںغȻ»״£ǶԴЩ־͸Ӳˡ
һ·ɱȥ
ڣһïܵĴľ޷Ż˷ٶȡ
ʱֻҪ֮ĸ֣ܹǰʿۼЩɢݳϢ޷ΣһЩֻ졢֮ʿ֮ϢҲûá
Ȼ˽ߡ
һֱں󷽵ĽءʸͮЩˣĴӺߵ졢ԣһ£ǰ
֪ˣСһ㣬һսӱⲻˡʸͮ
֪ڰ֮ЩʿˣȫڣҪȺغȻǣǻǳѡüͷҲ
ðȻ룬ŭĵˣԷۼܹغȻǼʹɱ֣ôһнʵ䷴ȲˣغȻ´ѡ
֮ǰҶ
һӰֳݣ䣬ɳƺ塣
ƺһˣվݵһ˫ӣһһɨһ飬ͻȻЦʸҡĽݼҡ¼ҡ»ڡҡˮƹͷʿɼ壬ۼһˣܲ
ƺ壬ؼҡʯڻЩѪɽˣǲǶ棿ʸͮԽڶƺ֡
ٺЦƺ˵ͷغȻЩʶļһʱǻţǵҸһĻͲܹ֤ǻܹܲƽˡ
ڣֻʿӦѪաۣ䲻
ƺݱɣʲô鶼ó߳һȫĲãСĽѧ˵
ʸͮ˿ĺܽȻ졢ѧĻüͷʸͮƺĬһͻȻڵƺ壬֪֪ԺؼҡʯĴɱ䣬ߵĺǣһ
ٺ٣ƺЦܻʸͮһӰ죬ɭɭһ㲻ҪѣҶѪɽֿʼע˻ǳΪжԷڷŹؼҡʯڣһѲǵ׷ɱһҿװףԲö˵һЩȰķϻˣЩûá
Ϊʲô㵽ΪʲôҪĦ̡ϼԸѪɽˣûЩˣɳҲѪɽѭ򽥽ķ˵һܹɳΪѪ˵ĵһΪʲôҪôʸͮЩ⣬Ҳ֪Ҫƾ֮Ȱ˵ƺһ־ᶨĶȻ̫£ҪƺôĿġ
ǻʸͮ˶ܺ棬Ϊʲôƺô
ƺɳɣѭ򽥽ķƿѪɽֻҪʮʱķչ˵ƺܹΪѪԸ
ʿ֮ߣʮʱ䲢̫ôƺȿԳΪѪֲõѪɽˮƹʿɣνһʧ
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ҶǳɻΪƺǻۣӦòִ᷸Ŷԡǣƫƫôˣ˵ϣȻѡһ·
˵ע֮£أƺ忴˼գЦûѪɽ˵Ļȴѭ򽥽ķʽƿѪɽǼҵѪɽǿȼʮ꣬ǲʲô䲻ûȥˡ
˻һ˵ȻҲȻʧЦƺָָԼǼʲôϵ𣿡
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˻鵹ǺܸȤʵ
ÿһԯնܹ޳ɾŹʿһԯ⣬ǸϣѪɽ֡ڵѹȣɳͼҵĳѾɼҷչǸزɳѾˡ
ұҵ㽫һȥȴûϵҾȻаʿڣһʿҼҲɱյİ취£ÿһ죬ʵͻһ֣ʳѰ
ҪСĺ²ʴȶ٣ıģȻϣһ죡һ죬вʹһ֣ƺҧгݵ
ЦŶԼƺ壬ʵ֪˵Щʲôá
ڲ֪УԼȻôѪɽĲұ䣬⵽Ǻ£ǻ£


170 Ǳص
ƺôһ˵顢ʸͮĽһɫŹֵؿ򼧳գѧЩѪɽˣһΪȻģƺЩͬƺ˵
Ŀ֮£Цҡҡͷ˵˵ѪɽֻҪ鷳ҲúȥˣֻΪԼΪΪһŤɰˣΪš
ѧЩˣȻϿƺ˵йɫһ֡
ѪɽûþͱҦˣ֮ĺ¡ѪڣֻҪΪеģûһ³ͨΪ˴磬ѧƺ嶯֣Ǽһԯ
¼ƺᰴ಻סҲпԭˡ
գٸҳ䵱ˣʹֶα˺£ҶԺ¡ѪڸϾɱʱ򣬺Ĵˣþͱ٣ҲҰĲ֮ȺغȻ˸ΣգҲò㶯֣ᶼûˡƺ޺Ȼز⡣
С֮ĶȾ֮ȷʵûʲô˵ġЦҡͷղûȥʲô
ƺ彫ι̵ϣ˵иоݣбۣΧҲһΪȻı飬޻˵
ƺ壬㵽ҪʲôʸͮҲûףغȻЩ˶ֻҪƺһ£˵ͻͿ̿Ѫɽ汻˶նɱ
ⲢǻʸͮҪĽҲеôΡ
ҪʲôƺͻȻЦָżյȸɱСӣȻ̸Ӧô죡
˻һɫȻһ䣬Ľءʸͮ˶֪ǺãѧЩЦ
졢ɡľĸˣȻڼվɶЩڵĸ֣ҲĬؽոΧġ
ĸʿϼڵʿձ˽ԪҲſȰʿ
ʸͮĽءټһ飬ǱҲֻʿȲ̸ǿϲϣ˼ҪɱļգҲǳ˵ΣûгɹĿܡ
Ȼʸ֪ͮʱ򣬾ԲܹҼյ鷳ɫѿޱȣҧƺ壬ǻۣӦ֪ǲܵ飡޴飬û۵ıҪǻɣƩ磬ɳҪʯҪʲô鱦ⷽǵǿ취
ɳȻǻʸҲƴ֣Ҳȱĸϣʯණûκεƺҡͷܾ
㵽Ҫʲôʸͮǿѹŭ𣬼ƺ彻档
ƺ˵ʱ䣬ֻѪˣǵȺڰ֣֮Щ˹ǾѰˡճԵ硣
ʱ졢ɡľޣЩڵĸ֣ǡǡýΧģԱһЩӰ
̽ͷԶңңһۣյĵǱһҴӵص׹ȥϢı죬һ˾ѲĵǱû֣ôˣؼҡʯڵ˱пܾڵص˵ܹ취ãҲ֪Ǳߵ״ܹӵص״˻һЩ顭
˻һһ˿ϲɫĬĬͷͬ顣
Ľءʸͮʱ䣬ȥȥܹǱ˽ȳһѶţһ˻ɡͷǽڸָһ㣬Ͳ˷ҵټˡյ
ɡһͷԹЩ˰ʹ˸ɫЩһϼ޻֪ӦôܿһΧ
ôһΧĵļգ˳׿̽һ㶯Ϊ˷ֹĶģշγһģģĻƣЩҲĶ
ۼһоûһԥһصϢȥĳǱȥ
ԽԽ̫¼֮ΪʿؾֻϢһЩʿƤӵǱУڴʱ򣬲صĻᱻ˲
̫¼⣬û˵ʲôؾ
һں´Ǳеľ飬һΣܿͿһƬ룬صصס
Ϊ˷ֹᱻʿ̽ĴڣǱڵص׷ǳλãҷųѰغȻǵ䣬ֻΪ׾ķڵصζӦصԪı仯
ܿ죬һԪȽŨ򣬱
ûԥһǱȥֻһһ·
СĽˣҷųһ˿ӦĶһͷķǱȥ
һ˿΢ĹͻȻӳ̧ͷ˿ɫȻһ䡣
һΪĵصʯҵУһؼҡʯڵĸ֣Ƶסӣһ棬ɫ԰ף˫գӦǻڻԽ׶Ρ
ͷһĳǵţһ棬һ޴ޱȵʯӡ
ֻҪʯĳȫЩѪɽֵУЩеѪɽֵ
ƺ˵ûֻҪһ£еѪɽֽһȥûΣ
Ȼݶ
̾һһѸת˫ڵؿͷһֱµĳֿ˿Щ˩סѪɽ֣һЩðյ͵ӳļ䡣
֣֮ǰһһξ룬ֻſԱ֤ЩѪɽĸ֣ԲһҪв
ȻȻ쾫Ԫû֣İ֮ԪӦҲ֣
ܹܲһԽһĴȥҲûоԵİգЩʯĿˣЩѪɽĸ֣ͺпø³
ֻԥһ£Ȼðһԡ
ȥһ֣Ű֮ĸֵǽҲûлЩѪɽĸ֣ˣһ̣ٶһԡ
һ£һ˿ǡ
ԪһǼ֫ٺһӵ޾оһӿļ䡣
ȫķɣвϵػԼԪĸоŰ̫¼ľʹԪŹͨܿģҵĸоʼȥᣬȥܡ
ͻȻ䣬ǺʹԪĳĬԪº͵ʺ·ǶԼΡ
³
ͻȻĸߺһһߺԵǴԪһߺ֪֮ûãֻһֲ²ĸо˳Լ⣬һӺ˳
飬ͻȻˣ


171 Ͻص
ݣ
ͷһأ͵سһֳغʵһѹڼϣȻľ
һֻһƬѪɽֵأصʮɣЩͷϵʯ壬Щ˵ľѾˣˣΪصݣ˵رλñ仯ʹЩԭԴȫƫˡ
صľҲֻҪǾʿܹٸܵաѪ˾Ż˹صԪͻȻңաѪٴУʼֽ֯ص̽
ص׵Ĳãϼ֣õģ֣ڣûмܹͨڵصߣܵʿ½ڵصѸðȥ
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ʸͮյʾԺɵ졢ľǱߣ֪˼յжʸͮϣҲż
ôһੲݵؾͷһ£꣬ʼû̸⣬Ҳû˭ȻŭƲסԼ
Ƕڵȡ
ƺڵȺڰ֣֮ĵʸͮڵյϢ
һХȻХٴ죬쳹֮䣬ѪЩߣһίߵƺ塢ʸͮˣچȵХ
ͬǣƺһһߵĻʸͮԿϲ
ƺ壬ʸͮоϲ֮һţȻ֣Ȼʺһƺ
գǻʣʶĿ
ƺ弸ûԥХһһ˲䣬ͿʼַţһһĹ׷ҧŲš
ȥһֱȥ
ľޡɡЩ˺ԥЩڸһ𣬽һӰеïӹЩٶ֮죬һɭɭӰһţ˼ɱа졣
顢ĽءЩˣһԥҲ׷װεض𣬴һ֡

ѪԻңָЩܹص׵ʿ̽ƺ循ʧӽߺң
Ѫ̧ͷһƺһβͣ˵ûаʹƺ壬ְʸͮĹ
졢ʸͮ˰ڵص׵֣ɱ˵صˣһΣƺ𺣬۾Щȡ
Щվʯɳֻ֣ƺһ˵ԣҲ룬һʩʯ棬һ޴ʯص
Ǻܿʶˡ
ʯߵı룬ȥһ˲ӦõףܼȶˣȻʱȴʯ嵽ص֮ľƺԶ࣬Ǻȥṳ̂ڼʵĸо
ˣصˡ
һѪʿӴƺµðһؾ֣ʱ򣬿Ѫĭסð

һ仰ûн꣬쾫ʿͻȻһ־ؼֺҵĻţƺҪӴȴһصصס
˭óڵصץסصϣ
գѪ˷ܵشһ׼֣ûǸɳʿ壬ͻȻûڵص
һ棬Ȼ⻬羵ûһ˿϶
˵ͷʧڵ֮ǰϵľӡйС
ߣˣٲߣ˭Ҳ߲ռЩһʿߺȡ
Ѫ׼뷽跨صҼջѪôһȣͻȻʶƵΣأѪε̾һաƺһ뿪
һƬΪģһӰ𣬳˷ȥ
ﵽ֮ʿռžԵƣһ㣬֮µʿԱġ
һҪʱܹ˵Ǳݡˮݡ֫ڵֻҪܹٶ뿪ֵķǶ
Ȼܹ뿪ıϾˣЩܹƿշ˵ǵĵֱһجΡ
һɱ¾ڽţѪɽҺ
ܿģЩûӳȥĵзˣڼʿĺ֮£ɱĸɸɾЩ̵Ҷӣ˰ɫŨŨѪζһЩŮ˲üͷ
ǣ
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ͷȫǻҳļգͷϵʯƿЦ̧ͷеæЩʯ鶼ƿ
ݡײ׺Щˣ͹ڸֺܿͽЩݽصһʯɾ
ص׼ʮغȻЩ˺Ȼһ޴ʯУԲѡ
ƷɡԴأʸͮ۾ɨһȦɫ΢䡣
ƷɡԴˣǺؼҡɳİʿʸͮ鶼ʶҲǻʸͮǹҪĿģǣ沢ûӦóֵҪɫ
ƷɡԴŰ֮ҲӦˣǼƺǺ˵Ѿ˶֡»ڵҡͷ̾겻ѡ
գһǶˡݵ
ҡҡͷշԲѵĺغȻⱾӦģҿǵôһ£ܹܲŪѹ
ƵԶҩַһˣƤһۣ˶塣
ֻҪð죬ⷽ飬ͽǻʸҰɡʸͮ
ʸΪˮƹңʿ壬ȻһЩĽⶾҩô˵֤аտ԰˾ѹ
˵ͷԼյգȥʸɡ
̽ıļˣôһ˵ҲʶĴӵص׳صڸ˻ʸˡ
ⶾ飬ҲһЩɻ䣬Իʸ˵ʹõֶӦòϣ˿ΪʱⶾҪҩҪһЩؼϣⷽʱҪϸܵġ
գߵ㲻صʲôˣлʸͮЩڣѪɽѱȳƺ飬Ҫȥ񡣺ȥһɽɡ֮
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172 
մӵõ̫¼ʼֻ֪ϰ˴һԪ쵽졢Ź졢ʮ֮İؾԺһ̫¼֮ڡ
̫¼һֱԺҲ֪̫¼ӦúȻ˵ʱЩȡ
Զʸҵ˴ڵصЩѪɽıʩⶾغȻѾȳֻҪϵĶһڰ֣֮ЩѪɽ񣬽ѡ
ԯǱߣֻҪľޡɡڣӦòв۵˸ȥˣĽأûоԵİ֮ǰҲ϶ԯơ
ƺĹȻлʸҡ¼ҡĽݼ治Ҫʲô
ˣľޡɡ˶һ䣬һô뿪ˣҲЩʸҵʲôʱܹغȻǾѡ
̫¼°ôɽǰɽ;У̲סʵ
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Ȼ֮ɽһֱľ޽ɽɽѾƮ֮УǬɽ壬һشţãã겻ɢ
̹ǣѩƮ㡣
һǬУ޴䳡ǰһѩǶûһϢ
ⴹıǰࡢɭּǶʹͷȣĬȻޡ
ǬڡĦ̸־ôྯ裬ά˺ܳһʱ䡣
ھ֮ûд֮ǰǬڻĦ̣ά״
ʼնûдһ죬žŹΪľǿߣȻ޶ʧ֮䣬ûеĻصĶ
Ҳ֪˶ãѩУһӰŮȻ
һϮɴ壬֣ܹһĹ˲سһԶԸѵУֻǿһۣ·ܹȴеı࡭
һֱӶǬڸ֣Ȼһʧǵģ۾ȫȻһӰǣסôҲܹߴƿ
ࡢɭŰ֮ΪνǿߣҲ¶һɫڻĳ̬ơ
Ƿ壬ƮƮڲȾһƱѩĽϣӽζû档
ߡڴһֵ
ɢڽܵġѩˡһ𣬽ǸȫĻѩ䣬һԲ̧ŽֱƵȥ
ڰããʧӰࡢɭЩãһȥȡ֮Ǿʧ롣
أͺһæ̧ͷ졣
ɭֻЩǬڵĸ֣һ׷̧ͷűڸǵľ죬Ųεļȡ
һӰ䣬վ
༱ʡ
ɭ¼ϵĸ֣й磬Ĺϣһ˿ɡ
壵ʤܣӰ̫󣬾ּҲЩ಻סеļ
һ˫ˮһƽ˫ͣһ룬û˵ʲôͻȻתűĹȥ
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ڹģֻࡢѩˣͽѦ躶ֻԶԶţûŹ壵ĽŲǸ
壺ࡢѩ˽ǼĽ֮һ춼ûгǳɭѦжǼΪģ֪壺ʥĸһսûбš
売ûеõѦЩˣֻܹ棬û˸ҽȥ
ֹ죬壻ûд߳
ŰǬһɱɭķΧС
һֱûѦ躿ʼǲںʥĸһսˣ売ǬڵҲľ֧֮һˮƹ˵壵ĴȷҲַһҪķߣǰ˻߱ˣˮƹĴἫ
ǬʱһһӰڱһ̵ɽ֮ۡ
ʯ˶ӲıӾ֮ϷӰʱ򣬷顱죬ûвȡκηʩɱϡ
ʲôˣʿһֱָˣѩһɭ
£Ѧ躵ͺһǬֻʮĵӻָߣԴӱ߳ӭһɫĮˡ
ϡѦ躿Цȴ֪˵Щʲôá
ѾǬڵĳϣ㲻񡣡һĮ۾һ۳ɭֵܣ΢΢˵ͷ
ɭҲЦ
ûз֮ǰԶǬڵĳϣ㲻ҲûáѦЦЦ֪ǲΪԭͻȻһЩ
ѪɽǱߵˣ¡
һս֮󣬾ͺλɽδҲ֪ǷˡѦ躽˵һ顣
üͷ΢壬ûмѦǰͻȻ˫
һļգɫһͻȻ콫ֳһɣɽɽȥˡ
Ϊ˸磬깵ͨΪ㣬ֻ깵ͨʱҪСıһЩãҪȻǳΣա
޵˰۷֮ɽǬȻҲаʿӶŵùģȻ첻ô޼ɵ
˲ˣѦ躡ɭ֪ʲôоȻϲɫ
壺ɽɽڣʼû߳Ѧ躡ɭǳĹ壣һֱҪ֪壵״ΪݵƣǲܹǰɽҹѯʣֻܹĬĬ档
ʸԺ͹ֱӽ깵ͨˣѦ躡ɭôˣȻһϲϣһܹеõһЩϢ
סѦͻȻʲôؿվԵļգǰһؿ૵񰡡
ιô˵𣿡յѦһۣɫЩá
Сӣʲô֣Ѧһ㶣εЦЦѯʵ
գǰɣɭͻȻڣЩ졣
ѦһţͻȻʲôǺǵЦ˼ԭˡ
ʲôüͷһ壬ɫЩͷܾѦ躡ɭ˹ŹֵģĿһ˵ɫʣ·𣬷·Ƶġ
ûʲôǺǣûʲôѦæЦҡͷͳɭһζЦе˵һЩ¼ǺǣСС;ȻѾ޵֮Ǻܲ
Ѧ躵޶ԣؿͻȻڣϼһǲ֪һЩйҵ飿ҿ˸أ˵˵㵽֪ʲô
̫¼ΪʲôԺΪʲô±̫¼ǬڣĿǰ˵ɻ󣬿Ѧ躵飬ӦǶ˽⡣
֪ʲô֪Ѧ֣ĵСУϴСļһȻһ㶼ܹСӡ


173 뿪
˫գǶһ겨Ϊǿң֪ǷѾɽɽеĹϵϡ
մѦ躡ɭЩɫУƺʲôϢϧЩٵһϼ޻ǲ˵ƾŬҲ׳ʲô
һֱ˿ӵĸоͻȻԾͷ·һ޴۾Ǳһԣ¿˸飬һֻ۾Ŀ£ûһܿأСһЩƺ˶һˡ
һּΪĸо
ɫһ䣬ŵֱֵ˿̽ĸоȻŬָܹо
ǧ˿𽥽סڲÿһÿһ·𶼱˿˿һ顣
һָоҪɱûһ㻹أԯѪԪ飬Ҳ˶֡
εĴܸУѹҪƫƫûһ취
Ȼָ״Сһ㣬͵ش˲עԺ
һֱǱԺ̫¼ϰûбȻֳٿغһָ״Сһ
һҴСĹţԺлתԺУͻȻ鷭ҳġ
ֻһԺо鷭ҳͻȻʧӰ٣ǺҴСĹԺƫƧһǡ
ֱ˿ӵĸоͻȻʧ١
ǾæȥԺе̫¼Ҫʲô仯
һǱƫƧ̫¼𽥷ŴֳһԺиֳ
ͬǣһθֳ̫¼Ժ˲١
ͻȻһĸоȥ̫¼̫¼һҳһҳҳܿ쵽˼֮
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졢Ź졢ʮ죬־طȻҲԺУȱٵľ龹Ȼˣ
Ȼӹ⣬̫¼ִԺǱͷһԱ˫죬ɻ󣺡⣬ǣ
߰ɡϣ첢ûж˵ʲôѦ躡ɭ˵˵ͷתҪ뿪ɽ
󡭡ϣѦ躼ˣߺ
ɭҲһɫ̲סǰһͬʱϡ
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̫ˣɽĳɰܹغŹ֮ˣҵǰȻɭǫѷ˵һ䣬ͺͳһ뿪ɽ

̫¼°ڹУոգǹ壽̫¼ҵģȥ·ϣѯ졣
ץס䵽һѩСɽϣ֮˵ԺҪֱ˿ԣ㲻ԡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ⹫
ʲôվһͻȻЦԷǵоŵҡͷǬȻ⹫⹫ΪʲôҲŲʣôһۣ
Ϣ̫һ㣬ԽܣƾôҲû۷ľŹʿ壣⹫
ȥҿΣֻǣ֪ˡɫŹֵ˵
ҡͷճ¼ǿʿ⹫ΪʲôΪʲôôңУҪȥżΪҸĸ׾٣ΪʲôûôΪʲôɽô꣬ûһɽ
Ҫǲ㣬ΪʲôһһֱҳǣżԪڣԨɱѾǱһγˣǬں͹ԪڽսؽΪ˵֮ǲԸǲܹô
˼һԯСɽͷ϶ҫĿĹ⻷˵Ϊһӵܣнĳɾͣ˵գηϣı䲻ʵҸ㣬Ĺģκˣֻǡһֱ֪ˡ
ģҡͷȻʧЦԳҵɽûмһ棬кιĿԣôҿɴûиоĹġ
˵ˣĦ̵ʥĸȻʱȥˣǱ׼ʲôʱʱ㣬ԭġ̸壵ʱ򣬻һӶ
һֱͼҪü֪ʵڰעķĬĬϧȴסҡͷ˵Ե÷ǳִ
Ŭһȴʲôƺȥ
ˣöһ˾һУҪ뿪һʱ䣬Ҫͻԯڣ뿪ˣʵ¼ܹҪȻ࣬ҲԻȥһ£ͻȻ
뿪㵽ʲôطһӽ壵׵һߣռæʵ
ҪһĵطͻƿŹ֮Ѿڴ̫ˡ
Ҫ̽ѰŹ֮վ֪ӰͻƵŹ켫ΪףԶͣһؿҪͻƵŹ֮ʮа˸ܻ𣬳ʧ֮䡣
һ뿪ˣҲˡ
ͻƵŹ֮㡣
Ȼ䣬ղ֪˵Щʲôˣ֪һȻ𣬵ҲԶˣ֮ôʿһʧˣпԶҲˡ
ĵεΣԺ续һӹӵһμ쿪ʼһֱһֶصķĬĬغô켸һֱΪΪѼ조ɡաҩݣΪһߣ˵Сʱı࡭
ĿзһĪıˣ˵ɵĻȴôҲ˵
ļյļú̫¼Уǵ˵Ļ۰ڲ֪Ժܹ˽⵽
ûм˵ʲôѩУӰԽԽԶֱʧ
뿪֮˺ܾãѩʵСɽϣɫãȻһ˸еС
ѩ׷ɣಡ
أѩǣһֱͦѩˣһ˫ͫʣسɫ
Ҳ֪˶ã̫¼ȻԺз˳ǰͣͣȻٵķ̫¼ϵطҳܿ죬ͣһҳ
̫þĸһҳֳ
ֻһǰһҳģӰͻȻģ壬һ翵Ĵ


174 ̫þ
ɫɫɫɫɫ֮ͷųγһ޴ʹȦٿؽס
֮ϵ˷ɫȦѸ󣬺ܿ죬һѩСɽ嶼ɫȦǣþأܻ֮仯
ƣСˮɽ롣
ɵĻ棬Ǿ޴ĹȦ渡ֳ
Ǿ޴Ȧеļգ˫գԺֳǧ˿ƣʹȦУһĻĸоһûõĸоʵڡ
ܹˮĻҶϸܵ·һ¡ȻĿŵ㼫㣬̲סҪἸڣľǰδеƽꡣ
һȻӹľв֪˶õļգȻ
ʹȦͻȻʧӰ٣һ˿ڵĺۼ
װĻѩХĺŰɽ壬Ŀȫǻţվڱѩɽϣؿ˷
һǱԺ̫¼𽥱ֳ
̫¼ٷҳܿ죬˼̫þһҳ
ľˮ֮һΪһ壬ƾγ澳澳֮УΪ߿ܡ
һζǳ׶֣Ժӹ̫þܿġ
֮˹Ļܹ֮ڻ֮֮ͨһ̫þ̫þ֮УΪΪ
棬֮γ̫þһЩط
ûмŻԯȣװɽϣϥ
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Ȼ̫¼ʽȴΥ
һڡ֣κοҪں졢֮һһӡÿһɴ
ҺãҺû߽ݾ򲻵̫þǾԶѽ
һۣƽľʼڵ̫֮þеķʽ֮
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ֻҪһ֮Ϊһ壬γһĹȦı仯ǹȦܻɫʣֳ̬Գһ΢硣
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ΨһеźǣܹΪǳ
Ȼ̫þļأһΪһ壬ͿڵľѪͻ໥ںϣ̫þ֮ˣͬ޵ֿ֮Ϊ̫þǳ
һͻƵܹ֮¹ͨϣֿΪ̫þۡ
Ҳ˵̫þ
ֱ̫þΪһʵ磡
һ̫þԳһʵ磬統УͿΪΪܣκһ̫þֻܹΪ׸ãöԷһһ
̫þƣҪһʱ䣬ûмһСɽϵԯ״뿪
ɽѪɽǺԶûдľ磬·Ҳǳ졣
صԯȡ
ϣԯѪɽ¸ʿѾ뿪غȻЩ˱ȳˣʥĸҲɽ뿪֣ڰ֮ЩûıӻȻҲжԶ߶Զˡ
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ԯڣ˽ЩӻҰɽĵرóͼ˷м˶ϲÿһ˶ӵһϡ
ַЩĵرǼʤкǿЩĵر鱦󽻻ΪЩ˻ȡһЩҰɽûн𡢻֮ϡȱϡ
ԯȵĴսûжԹڡɶˣʧȥ˺ڰ֣֮Щв֮󣬹ڡ˶ڹר
عȺͨˡʤĪЩˣ֪ʸͮȷѪɽЩеĶˡ
غȻ֮󣬲֪ѪɽѾͻ䣬ǱİʿҲ׶༪ˣ䲻
ʸͮĽصˣͺغȻһ£ЩĵչеһǶʿչɱ
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ʸͮûȡ޴ӵ֪ʱȴһˮƹʿǰͺ̵ɱ֪ǲǽʿɵϴٵĶ
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ѪɽĴڼյ֮УӼЩ˿л֪ߵ״֮һ㶼û⡣
ߵˣûѯɽʲôҲûΪʲôûлڲ֪֮УҺܶѾϰϵһ飬ѧʣүүʤùüƣʼٹȥ
ļѾѹʱǣһεĳȣ˵㹻ǻκ顣
ڲ治ܹǻۡ棬ƺҲûʲôɽ̵ˡ
ȻָоüʤƷǳξɥȴ޿κΡ
졢ɡľּĸĬĬָտţﻹҪ㣿
ҪȥһˣҪһʱٻүүùãľޡǶԯȣʲôǿǡһԯȵĴս룬ĽأҪԸǼңҲҪصǹˡڣմ˼죬ʤƵ
ԣҵɫվǶһԲ
Сһ㣬¼ƣȻʵѾҲҪСġʤֻܹô֮⣬Ѿ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˡ


175 ɺܰ
Ϸɽ಻̲ڶĵرԪӯ鲼ڸɽ֮УһƬɽĲ
ߴңС
º󣬼һԯһƬɽгϤһУһƬɽԺ·ֱ־ӵɽľƫƧȥ
һƬɽԪŨǳʿ֮˶಻ֻҪʺʿıأ˴ڡ
Ҳ⣬һƬɽУͬһЩʿɺͼ塣
żմïУƫƧɽ·ʱ˺üҩߺϷŮ
ǿʱɫԹæкӲ̰壬ԴЩ˵ʱֻ΢΢ͷһԡ
ʿɡ࣬ȴհԨһɶҪżɫһ˵㡣
ԣЩɵ˿̬ŻԵЩ
һϿȣһƬƽͻȻֳһʯ¥εضɺȻ趯ˣº͵ްŲͼ̬ɢ˴һȴԻҡ
һˮ峺СֳһϪЩʯ¥ˮʡ
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ȵˮܹط磬ӷˮȷȷʵʵıء
磬ɺܰˡ
һͬݵ꣬ǵһݣСԱߣЦݹŹֵһ
ɫȻѿ
磬ɫѿɵЦ۾б٩۸ڶûܹˣ磬ڰ˳㰡
ӥ˵Ǹǣָң
һĸŮˣͻȻһʯ¥̨Цֳһ˫еƲɢһˮ㶯ˣ촽ЦЦţһʲô֮е
һɴǰ͹µ˳ֳȳ޳طͦβһ˵ߣ˺޲ȥݺһѡ
ʼչ΢Цſڴ̨ϣ̶ͦ˵β΢΢˴ƺܹӳһ˿ߡ
ЩɢڸҶɣһ࣬˫һϣһǿʯ˵ס
ǣ϶ǣոջɵ٩ֳӥͻȻЦĳɺܰεʼ磬ƺŮ鷳ӥֱʱľ߳
һ㶣ֵ̧ͷһǰڴ̨ĳɺܰǲɶһ˿ζЦݡ
ΧЩҶɣֱڻδӳɺܰĶջл۰Ͱ͵ؿһ겻ģ
ռӲЩŤ̬ŤʧƽյĮ֪ͳɺ֮ܰЩʲôɺܰʱƺԵüȰġ
ߺɺܰεεһŷƵģЦӯӯ˵ˣãһΪһλ
ǣ岻Ըһʲô
˳㡭㣬ǿɺþûˣôҲˣǰ˵ϲѵһֱƭңЩˣȻһǺöĿڲһɺܰĿ㣬촽Թһ˵̬
֪ˣ͵һΪǧ㺡
һ㲻жɫͻȻС㣬Ҫ˵˵
˼ϲˣɺܰЦѣ֦Ҳ֪ʲô
ٴɺܰתԼ˵Ҵȥ
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ɺܰЦؿĿ䵽ϵʱ΢΢һ
Щٲ¶ˣǺٺʿһվڼΧ룬Էǳˣһμŵѡһ˴ҡ
ˣʲôݣɺܰǳ棬ȴδ׷ʡ
дɻ󣬳ɺܰӴ̨߻ʯ¥Ƴһ۾һǵˣü𣺡һ˻ҡǺϵ֪һЩʲô֡
ׯۣкɫһţϢȻĿڣС㣬Ѿǵˡ
סɺܰĬȻͷ
ߴ֮һȻǴľ򣬵ȴǴһĲ£ǵҲνȻּȻˣȴһֱļ֣ƺһֱ񰵰׼ţʼղ׼ǲΪǴЧƫƫֺǿļׯ
ɺܰüţׯĻׯ˵Ժ˵κһҪ¶ҪƵôͼο϶ĳĿģĿΪΣҪŪǵĿĶǾȥˣ򡭡
СͺáׯοЦЦ֪뵽ʲôһתС㣬˵һͻƿڣûĻ˽ΪһμСܹշˣ⣬Եӭж⡣
ɺܰҡͷЦЦׯûô򵥵ģڼǰ˸Եòֵһᡣ
УθڣҲһ㣬ҪҶʤܹң
ܹʤùС㣬ֱСʵ̫٣Сı׼̫ߣҪһֱ¶ȥׯһ̾
ȱġɺܰһöĿЦݣׯǰ˸ĶҪ¶һĶǵߣֻܹڸʤҵˣ׷ҵʸ񡣡

Ҵ
մ֮󣬹һԣ֮ˣҲĸףһЩϣۿż߽ͬʱӭ
һԯһȻ鴫Цǰסյ֣̬ǣҡ֮ĹϵСѾ˵ˣգԺҲҪǲˡ
ǺЦ
ڣЩҵĳڰżգҪһԵǷʸõϿɣõһ
żգЦʻһЩҵѪɽһߵĶ
ûиȥǺһųҳ̸ɺܰһңΪʲô飿
ӹЦܹʲô飬ΪҪ׼һʱ䶯ԽԽ󣬾˵޻ڴ߽εѹ˵ҽ֣Ը޻֡
ֲǳҵĸӹкʸǲǣһá
ҪξټһһӦвѾͷңΪĿģƴȥҲǰ취һѾͷǴׯҵԿҪĥˡӹҡͷڳΪ˼ɡ
ҡʸҡ壬ƣΪѳһԭܹõʿԴҪһɡĶ࣬ΪˣǿڶǿʿΪЧûоŹʿ֮⣬ȹԪڡǬʿʥػҪǿһ㡣
ֻҪǺͼҽã³ң
˻һԱ߼ҵĳͳϣ¶Ȼ飬ӹһ֮ʣСγԣһֱɽһǣʼûо֮٣ǨƵѪɽǼѪҲûжΪʲôΪǺͼҽԺ󣬾ͲΪηҵв
ңѾһˣļңʿڣ֮⣬ҲſȰʿټһϣҵѷɫκһ壬ҺĻ治ǳңһһֵ˵
ӹǾ㲻ڿЦɣңʱ
һԯȣҿۿȤ顭ѹԯȵЩҳϸ˵һ顣
֮ЩٿԶյʱɫ֮ǰȻͬ
ѪʽһߣվһŵˣϲҼҵѪʽң
˺ЦͷǱģѪʽѪʽؼҲֻǼԯʸϰԣȷǼԯ֮ҲŻ


176 ʺϵ
յ껹ӵԪʱ򣬾Ī˵ԯ˵Ѫʽؼ꼸ԯѪʽ£ԵƥѪʽΪԯؼ
ԯһ޳Ѫʽʵ
һֱѪʽڼҴһԯʧ֮ѪʽҲ֮ʧĪʼնѪʽȴѰһѪʽ˿
ûϵһʺϼԯؼȻС
գ˶ľ⣬֪ѪʽԼԯζʲô
鼤ֻһ򣬱ƽоĹâҲʧ
ѪʽȻ棬Ժ̲ص̫¼Ըټ԰̵Щʥذ壬Ժ鵹ǲ٣ôѪʽõȻԼˣûУƺҲӰԼԺĳɾ͡
д뷨ɶƵ˷Ȼͼࡣ
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żԯȻʶԺ󣬲֪ԯҪԶԶ˵ɺܰأԲݳһƿЦعͷšƵôҪͷλˡ
ǱξԪɫһ࣬ͻԣһݿ£ͻȻ߳ĸߴˡ
ɽξԪͺһɫԽԽˡ
ɽ塣ɽүɽ̫ү
С˳ԺһŲεϲɫ
ɽΰȻѾͷЩףоڣɨɨȥλεļ⵶˭˭ǱӴУܡɽִһȴһɽصѹ
ɽüͷ䵽ξԪϣӵغСӣǲΪӹˣҷ
һ䣬ɽһȭȻɳȭͷղסȭɽһأȭӰҲ˶ɽξԪʱȭͷξԪΧȫס͵ſգ޴ӵ͵
һֱ˵ĿξԪȻɫžһӴ죬ξԪȻС٪״ȻСϵȴϵǿ
ɽȭʱξԪͻȻȣһڵϡ
¡¡ľӴۺھһԳȥֵɽſȭ
ɴ֮ɵľԳÿһͷʮɸߴ󣬻ᣬ˱ըĶƺʾŶô͵
ϧɽȭͷԳȴû֧һ̣ɻ֮ͷԳ߽⣬عڴء
ȭͷԳԴݿ֮ƣؾһ׵ľ޶ҵһҡΣʯ¥ܲסص׵ıըȻ
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181 ޿
ɽϡˣһ־ͲȡͰԵķʽӦξԪЩߣûء
ɽֽұߵˣ˶Ҫƺɽһ壬һɽҲŰ֮ΪΨһͬǣɽ޵˰۷֮ЩӼһֱڿޣͼͻֽʶŹ֮
ξԪҲǰʿɽȣϽûʱ仹ãԶԶﲻɽľ硣
ˣɽһȭ֮ξԪ޷Ӧԣֻܹˡ
ξԪվĵطݽȥһ׵ľ޶ξԪʧ٣һŴšһðݡ
ɽׯһˣɫࡣ
ɺܰׯΣͻأֵɽ·Щ޲ߣȻɽѲΪɽӼӦó˲ӣҲΪӦѰƧȥˡ
ûϵɽȻңҿӾӸˣôһɺܰЩ˼ˣԥǲǲϧһд۵ҡ
ߣͻȻչֳȰʿļѾһ⣬֪;ðһɽʿĳ֣ǵĲ裬ʹǲòԴҵ顣
ɺܰξԪһʱ󲻶ɽɫЩͣۼƺЩԸɺٺЦֱξԪ˹ȥ
ڴʱһ֮ǰд
һƳǵĺҺ𣬹⻬羵ĺ浴һݹ᾵ӰӺгֳ
˻ˣŲȺ棬һ˫Ӻ磬һּΣյĸо
磡
žһǾ
λǰкιɣǿ֪ҵݹ᾵ĺ磬ƳһţǹһЦţôսһ
㣬㾹ȻңһͻȻҷһɸĪĸо
ξԪׯһ֮£ɫһ䣬ͻȻ˺ݣһۣ˵⡣
ׯξԪšŰ֮ΪֶΪѹһͷϵƽﲻɽ¶ˮңʵȻۺ񣬿ƣǱҶҡ¼һп¡
ˣһݷɺܰΣЦ񣬲˶˵ʲôɺܰϵͷֱȥ
ׯҲûԥһ˵˵ͷ˵ųɺܰ뿪
ɺܰҪ߳ҵʱ򣬲ſЦŻͷӹ硢ɽˣ䵽ϣȻһЦգҼǵ
Ŷղ䲻ȵĻӦһ䡣
ɺܰһͷһ϶ڣׯ˽ԶȥǱļˣܿߣֻһգ۹ʧ
ֱɺܰ뿪ղջߣɽֿ˿Һ׸ĺ磬Ǿ档
ʼգ˶ûбֳʧɫջװ򶨣֪ԭ޿֣չֵʵôµңſκһ
¼ңҲֻгɭʿߴҶҾ˵ҲֻʿһֱҶҶΪߴ֮ף¾׵ңǱΪߴʵ׵һ
ΪˣɺܰǲŸҷ
ȻչֵȴԶԶ˵֪Ű֮ĸ֣ʵһ㲻ѷɫߴ֮׵Ҷңй֮
ѹһ㲻żǺǡˣǺЦ
˹һЦȻӼȴζҲˣֻ͵ˡȽߴԣҿǧʷκһĶҪƾãЩ˵Сңֻ˵Ŀ⡣
Ӻ渡ĺ磬ȳɺܰ뿪֮϶һЦ⣬Ȼֱż˹
ǼһԯԼյʱ򣬺ɫͣԴô
ܳĸоһȻǼգǣ
ϵðɣʡ
һЦһֱڼңôû뿪Ǻǣҷǳչأϵú
Լӣ᲻ϵá糶˳ǣɫ졣
Ǻĸףˣϸ˺һۣĺͺЩƣҿɴû㣬ôô
ҿΪṩ㹻ԴǼȴһֱû䣬޷ΪռҪϣҡ絹̹Ȼһ㲻̰ͼʲôԾ
ԥһ£ʵɺã
ӣƺʲô֮


182 
羹ȻǺĸףϢüշǳ죬ôһֱڼҰؼƽ뿪ңǰĬĬؿźҰᵽԯˣԯȺɽĪġ
ڼңֻĪ¡̸϶࣬Դʤ˵ʱһôԸģպͺȻ٣ȴû硣
ԭջûʲô˵ģûϵңȻ˺磬˾ȻǺĸףǳϡ
ͦõģһʱԯȣǺǡյ
ԯȣһ㶣Щ죬ǼҲһֱɽǱôǼһˣ
ѽɽһѷһʺʿĳǼһ˵طѪɽһɽݾӡⷽûʲôģ̹Ȼ˵񼧼ҵ״
ߣԴҡҡͷǼҳȻû۹⣬һȴãɽĺһõ֮أΪǻ쵰ӶܣռǼã֪ôû۹⡭
ɽĺЩ߿ǺǺҵȣǧǰѾ޵Ź֮ϧδʱ֪ʲôԭͻȻ鿪һΪı֮͸ں֮ڣ˺غ
Щ͸ɽɽ֮УȻһҲ޷Щ뵽ĺۼȻЩ͸ںĺȴ꺮ƣںޣ°빦Ч
㲻ʿںֻҪס֮࣬ҲܹӲʮ㣬Сӷ˺֮󣬾ȻӲǽ޳͸ǼʹãΪ£Һֵĺܲ졭
罫ں򼧳˵һ飬ԭǺǰĳأھŹ̫ʱ߻ħһ䵽˺Ϸɽɽ˺档
ҵ˺֮󣬲ûнΪУ޳͸ʹãú粪ȻŭΪŪúܲ죬պ绹뿪ˣ˺
ԭôһ¡ĬȻͷһ£źʵΪʲôΪҼ֮ͣ
պ˵ԭӦòǼˣͼҵʶҲΪкôһ֮ĸףʵֲ֮ǰȴûʲô֣ΪʲôԸڼһˣ
Դҩ˰ɣֱڣҶŪΪʲôԸǼңҲһֱԭ򣡡ҡͷǺȻֻӣȻһ;Ҫ㹻Ĳ֧֣ǣҪѡһ嵱ʳͣҲӦѡǼҡ
ôһ˵ЦǰҵȷһףڼҸòʲôôܹںңһ˼飬治֪ͼʲô
ǼҲʶúáͻȻˣȻһüȴȻ죬ԺҾںˣеĶѨȻҲʺȴ纮ŨɽɽڵһܹЩգҵı
磬ʲôãкôΪռôʺĺ񡢺ʯ㻹ҪʲôɽһҪߣܻش
˼ǸطʺңԲסˡܹɽɽĺգʱٻҺˡۼɽɫԽԽѿԥһ£ֵôˣһʱʲô鷳֪ͨңôΪռϵķϣһҵġ
׼ߣھѵʱ򣡡ɽȡ
㣬϶𲻽ҵʱǿ˵ˣֻҪߣҲ˵ʲô
ϣˣ뿪ɺãǼˣ˵׼᲻Ҫˣ鷳ʹˡۼ˿ҪˣæԲ˶ԴʱȽϿ˲
˺ߣһ£ŵͷͬ
ʵ뿪ҵġʱ򼧳ղŸЦſڣǻصҲûõģú
Сӣʲô˼Щס
ΪǺı֮Ѿˡ
ʲôʧɫϵҡͷܣԲܣеĺɽɽǾ޺ˣоЩĳЩǧǰʱ䶼ܻɢǾ޺Ҳղˣ˵ܣ
ûʲôܵġЦЦЩĺӦǣӦǱҸˡ
˻һǺ磬ɽ˵Ҳסˣ׷ײ
ں硢ɽ˵ע£һ˫ͫΪɫɭĹâͫ˳䵽縡ĺ棬һСɭҫ£Ѹٱ
ֻһһСˮ˺ðɭɭҵ¶Ҳڼ½һЩʵҶɣʼ
ͻȻסˣ˫ͫһصżգǲɶƵļ˷ܣֽ߬ţ΢΢ҲͻȻ
СӣҺĶⱾǺҵģ㻹ңһһֵ
йغܱ¶֮󣬼վ֪пܻ־Ϊͺ֮Ĺϵû
ۼΪĺ̰յҲңֻЦҡͷЩɽеõǺڵĶͫеһ֣ҲܸˣǸ
ɽˣףһֻ֮ҪСͫеĺõҾһֱңȻոںףȴҲ֪ſȰʿûаһ˽סԲų²ߡ
ɽһҡͷ
Ϊʲô翴ɽҶ꣬Ӧ֪ҵƢֻҪжңһỹǰҵСϵĺԺʲô飬Ҷᶦ
ɽҡͷɫǲͣȵ磬ǲϺͿˣӶ磡ղŶ֮ȴſȰʿǼһԯ֪֪жĳɾͣ
磬ھͶԸǸҶ֣һ಻ٹ꣬ʰʵ
ϣҿ㻹ǲҪĺáǰˣǾῴԸǺǣҲ֣˵ʵҲסôһǰ;Ķ֣αأҲȰ˵
ɽæȰ˵̰ĺ磬˼շһȤЦݣյˣûһֲ̿ûнв


183 ٹ꣬½Ǽյ£
СӣǴ㽫ӺĺңҹǼңǲһȫȫΪǼҷ㿴ǷУԥһɽ˻£òȡΪ͵ķʽ
ЩУҲӲЧ㽻ңȴܹõһʿĳϷͼ˵ӦһΪˣСӣλᣬԺû£ʿĻˡ
Ϊܹõϵĺ缫Ȱ˵
ǸҲܴӦ㡣Σֵ̯ӺĺҲ̫ã֪Ӧθ㡣УҲȷЩƾյĺԺ󣬻᲻ҵһ˫۾Ӱ졣
ܼ򵥣ֻҪ㽫ͫеĺʩҵϾˣзЩߡЩͲ㣬ͫ뿪ԺԲκӰ죬һɷģ꣬ĶǷǳ˽ġ缱æ
磬ƽ׵ĶĻô棿ɽһÿһƾԼŬֻʸ޵Ź֮ҪҪͨͶķʽͻƣľ³ˣ㾳ԶͣͲǰ
ǰݹЩɾ;Ź֮۷֣һ£ϣҿ㻹ʵһΪҪСʧˡҲæȰ˵һԷθ
ҼѾλ֮ĸ֣һպٺһЦʼʾԼûнϡ
֪Ϊһãɽ˵Ȱ˵ͻȻĬ˼
죬˵ͷɫָĮˣڤڤ֮⣬Щܹõ˵ҲҺڵʶһУΥˡ
ô롭òˡȻһЦ
˼һֵۣ˵ͷȴûٶ˵ʲôתǰףƺҺͼްȤ
գԸЩƧ㲻ҪһʶȻȽϡȽʵһ㣬ȴһŵˣЩҿޣҲҲæгһܹ޵ҲҪ鷳һ£ɫлЩ˼
ˣǿںϣҲȥġȻʧЦҸ׵Ϣ֪һ֪лҪ̸ûжҲתΪŵʯ¥ڡ

Ҵ
ɽ壬ôգһɽȥλ
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˵ɽͣһ£Ƴһˣֿ˿СȥңüҿһĿܣ
˿赲µķ
жһֲ죬ɽȤŨΪôüң
ֻҪղұؽ̤ȱĽӡֱ۷壡һһٵ̧ͷֱɽη壬ɽүһʱԼյ˽ǹԪ˾ĳؽܹﵽŹ֮ٵĽԪҪҪ֣ٳһĻԪھҪһǧѵ飡
ɽһȻ
ʮ֮󣬲Ҫɱôףٹ꣬½Ǽյ£ն
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ɽ˵롣㣬ˡ
˲һ㲻ɥһܵ顣
հգ㲻Ҫʧźáɽ૵

󣬿޵еļգ˵һԾѡ
𣬴ʯ¥˳Цˣ£
㸸׵Ϣˡɫأֹ
һüͷôǲǡǲѾˣ
⵹ǡҡҡͷЦ̾ϢȻûйҲò̫࣬ҵϢ㸸ӦñڹԪڣ⣬ƺ߻ħˡ
ڹԪڣһɭ
գǧҪ嶯æȰ˵Ԫƴ󣬼ǼʵҲԶԶǹԪڵĶ֣вڣ¼û˭ܹӹԪˡգ㻹ᣬֻҪ㾲һܹԪҪˣڣ㻹ǲȥԪڡ
ԪһֱΪǿƵɣ֮£ʥĸʱ򶼲ûܹӳ׷ɱŹʿĿǰܹӦġ
һصصģ֪ԼжķûаգǾðȻǰԪڵġ
ܹô룬Ҿͷˡ˵˵ͷ
ȻˣҾͲٶˡõ˼ϢûбҪңǿڸǡ
գң⼸ǨǴ㡭㵽ԯȸݾӣΣ
ЦЦһȻòˣǼԶ˴֮ҲиӦ֮ǰһܹȹѹˣϾҡξټЩ˲ǣǳˣȻܹôģ
û취вܹӲֻܹâˡЦһ£ͻȻ˳գѾ޵֮ԶִһԼˣʲôҪĲϣܿڣôĻۣϷռ鱦ѷɫ٣ǧҪ
ллʱһûⷽĴ㣬ȥһδ󣬴Ƕ֮˵ճĵл
δȥǶʲôȻ
δЩƺǼйأȥǶ̶ǷйҼԯ֮ء
δӶ̶̷ȡһΪҫĳһѳԯѪֳҫʱ͸оˣΪʱ֪ԼѪ죬ûж롣
޵֪֮Ѫ֮أоһΪҫĳܺȥһ˶̶һܹܲҫʡ
Ŷûжʣ˵ͷ
ȥԯ֮үүİɣǺǣҲԻҰɽĵرܺ໥ءǵǱߣүүùãҡҿԶ߶
ǵȻЦ
ֺ˼䣬Ȼ뿪ҡ


184 ԶɽΣ
ҳǡ
Ϊˮƹǳ֮һҳǽģҴɽȥԺ󣬶ҳûκӰ죬ʿɽҺͼּһҳʿ壬ҳǵʿеλʼ̩ɽ
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ܶΪܹ֮Ѫɽ㣬ȫΪغȻİ涼Ľҵĺˣȴ֪һʱӵ˶ٸ֣ѪɽְŶôҪĽɫ
Ѫɽ߲֮٣йѪɽĴȴǳ٣ʸҡĽݼΪڰ֮ЩѪɽǶôʵ飬غȻʯѪɽ֮гĽǸ¡
ˣѪɽ֮еҪã˲֪Ҳ󲻵ļǵɽ΢ˡ
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ҳڣնԶɽۿĻмһδҹûǰδ󣬶ǴרҳǰݷһԶɽۿˡ
ҳһɣûʲô仯ҳԺȴֳڵȴǰ࣬ЩϵɫΪأƺڰʲô
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Զɽһʼɳ׷ЩʿûܹЩץҲȻʧ٣ԶɽۿԳˣҲҲЩʿ䣬ʿƽɱ
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ѩĸױֻصһֶŮȻҶٺЩϵȴûйܹҵ£ҲΪ׼ҡ
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ѩҲغڶ̶ʱڸһСС꾭ȻѾ۷֮ʿ˵صӣΪѩԭزҡ
Ϊˮƹ࣬ҲһҰĲ֮ΪܹԼ뵽ˮƹ䣬ʼΪɽĲҪͨɽҳǣԴԼ
ѩѩѾͷһšҪʣǱ߱ػȫǣ࣬常Ϊ̫ʦȨƲѷɫֻм˻ʸγЩǣҪѩһǵʸγҲǡ
ԶɽΡ
ˣС˻ءۿѣԶɽû롣
˵ͷԶɽЦվ̾߰ɣȥɽһˣһаѱ˼УǹȥҪҵˡ
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һᾡԼƢԶɽϵЦݸˣ֮λҪˣһλã治֪λʲôõģۿ¹ˣǸɴʲôˣһ徲ĵطɡ
ȥʲôطҶԸšۿ΢΢һЦΪͣҲĵѡ
壡۲
Զɽۿ߳һϲϣȻͼһһȵͦ꣬ЦǺǵֻ
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ۿѵ¶΢ЦҲżպЦͷ
Ҫȥһδ˳·ݷһ壬۲ȻЦݣɫҴҵӣʵ壬³ȥûдǣ
Զɽۿһۣ˵ЦӿɬˣԶɽȴûнɽҵľ˵ЦǺǵ˵ûʲôգڳЪЪҺ۲³ȥһˣһٺġ
Ҫæ𣿡ۼ˵ɫЩԾճʡ
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ɫɻķ
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Ƕ޼ƿʩʲô취Զɽҡҡͷһ̾
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ɽҳǶɽΪŨ˵ɽ⣬ҳǵƽնΪɽʺ߳档
ܳһʱ䣬ɽصԴҳǵİǰϲе߰ɽ֪ǷΪɽ߹࣬أ겻ɽʱëȻĹ
һȥģҳǵİղȥɽߣɽ֮ǿƣǲͨɽ߶أɽһɴ˶ɽһ׵ء
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ѩͷһ԰ֽ촽ҲǲҰɫҳڵͨҪǲСƼˣᵱˮеŮôһҳֻɽһִš
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ҵ飬ܣѩ̧߳ͷһѪɽķѩૣգŰɣһһսʤڡ


185 ˶
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⣬⻹ǼǰǸǫѷֽ
ֻɱԪסǿ⣬յķоı뷨һֱȴ顣


186 ɨ
նҴɱʱԶɽۿ˿ţԪסţʸγʸҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ
ҪǼǰңֻܹѩƷЩС֣ûʸҲûʵ޼һսȻʱ꣬յļտɱȣ޼УҲת˲ɱ
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ԶԶǼյĶ֣Ҳ֪ɽڣðȻǴۼɫԣʸγæԲ䡣
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ǰüһֱֹţΪԶɽġ
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쵰ʲô飬𣿡ˣָ˺ȵǵŰɣϣʱ˭֪군ˡ
գͷֺؽ˳Ȼ˳ƺͻȻʲôһЦ˸ѾߵǣЦӯӯ˵ү
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Цŵ˵ͷվѪɽҵһЩ飬Զɽۿ˶˼䣬Զɽ˵ǶԼձ˱ȽϸȤϵ׷뿪ɽ֮ľһ㣬ֻǼһЩܽ˵˵
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ټڼҲؾ¥ڷĵЩ߰˰˵ؼļԺɵĶʵںܶ࣬ôôʿؼ壬ȫһߣֻѡȡΪʺϰ
У̫¼ѪʽǱ壬һΪһΪܹͷųĹʽȻԽԽһʱһֱ޵ļգҲûܹκһŪ
ѪʽֱգֻŽѪҺİŪѪʽһжûϣΪܹԴǱ߷һ̶ûͣϢ
ҹĻ٣ļգͻȻоȻӽ
ſˣεһȦЩȻվƿȺ˵ĵ
һЩ˹ƺЩ˼ּǰ˼ʱͻȻ͸ˣε㣬㻹û˯е飬𣿡
û⡣տЦЦ


187 
ڣԶɽҡ
ۿȻһ¶ͷһ۾Զɽۿˣ
Զɽһô£ѵ˭£
ۿҡҡͷ΢ЦѪζûɢ˭ҳҿһʱ䣬ҳڵļ嶼С鷳ŶԣﻹҺǹȥ
Ȼˣʱк£֪û飬һ㲻;
Сȥ˳յķ䡭ۿ
ʲôԶɽһһվǺ֣ҹģһŮӵӷڣǴ˳ȥԺҪôˣѾͷԽԽˣʲô鶼˼
ˣСܹͳսãҲĸ֡ۿɫƽֵ񳤿ձôĳɾͣҲȣԺ˭ҲԤϲͼһﵽָ߶ȡ
ˣСҪܺͳߵһ𣬲ǶС㣬ԴҲһֱϡϸ룬Ҫҳڵĸ֪ͼҽã˭ģң֪СͳһҲӿشˣԺҵλý̩ɽ
ۿԶɽ꣬ʲô鶼ΪԶɽãһһԶɽ֪ʲôѡΪʺԶɽ
ۿһ渵ŭԶɽͻȻĬ
Զɽޱ֮ˣȻҲ˼յǰ;ۿôһѣȻյļֵжôĴˡ
һԶɽЦҡҡͷѾͷûŮӣƽ֣ǲԳյƢԡҪܹõյģҵǲ⣬³տ
ˣùüƵĻǷǳϲ˿Գͼ˵˵£˵ĻҿпΪۿ֮ǰ˼ǹ˴㡣
ԶɽĿһǺЦŵ˵ͷȻۿǳĶ

һߣʱסķڡ
ʲôЦŹֵҪһȥҪĵأҪ㸸ף
һ˷ܣæͷѽѽ㿴㣬ųȥôʵˣҵ۲ʱҲΪ洳ܹﵽôߵľ磡ǸҵѾͷ뿪ҳûãҲ޵֮
ȻҪѸٵԼľ磬ֻеſԡգһȥɣôҸ϶飬͵͵ߣҵ֣
ЦҡҡͷԾܾ˰ɣԼûд㵽εһȥδҵһϾͻѪɽˡδǱȥһСľͻᵽʱ˭Ҳû취㣬㻹Ǳˡ
Цôһ׸ţʲô鶼Ҫְţг̱ؽ״ңҪ͵͵뿪ԶɽҪ;ĳʲô飬ԶɽҪŭȫ̵ϲɡ
֮⣬ַǳϲѾͷˣҲŹؾۼһ𣬼ĵģԸһε
ʹҳȥҴӦ鷳ģұֻ֤ҪҳȥˣʲôģʲôҾʲôԲ㶥졣ߵԣһץסֱۣô
УԲУռҡͷʹʲôֶΣǲɿڡ
ӲܾʱҲһĸоǵúܶǰżһпϴ컳Ӵ֮ÿҪС鷳
Ϊ£кܳһʱǱһ»ѣʱ꣬һγڳͻȻ˾£ٶѣһȻ̬ͬȣధ
ôϷԡ
㣡㻹͵ϴ裡ۼϴӦܻؽкҪǲӦҾ͸ҵˣ˵Ҳһɫǣ
ʼ磬һνģ㣬ԸĻܵ˵ûϵģҿԣԼ
澭ôǷǷǣʶ̫ˣȻСвӰ졣
ϸشżգ濴һһνģɫһ࣬ʹӦǴӦңԺϴʱ׼׼Զ
һƲɣһƣɫջˡ
ռֱҪѪˣС㣬㻹浱ɫˣҺ͹ٴˣ´ᣡ㻹ǷҸ㣬ô˵ûãǾԲȥģҪȥԼ˵ȥҲҡ
ȿȣ
ԶԶɽһԣֻԶɽԶ૵ףѾͷʲôطˣ
ʲôطȥˣҪ˵ǱԶɽУ·ʲôµźƵء
Դص˼һۣˣ˵ߣ⼸һһֱ㣬ӦΪֹգҴҵسȥ뿪һξ󣬲µ㳳ˡ
Цԥһ£ûǲܹȥбīֽ⣬˼仰Զɽҹʱ뿪˳ľ磬ҪϢ뿪ʲô¡
Ȼе棬ۿȴس֣Цеգôסߣ
۲ôѵ֪ҽߣЩΣͷ
ǿѾͷģЩС˼᲻֪ѾͷȻ֣ȴûʲôۣΪҲʵϣǸŮǿ䣬Ȼۿŵ̫һȷ̫ȫֻΪ׸㲻ԸҲ
۲㵽˵ʲôһ㶣ۿЩŹ֡
۲Цһҡҡͷûʲôֻϣ㲻ҪҪȥδȥˣһʹ˵һˣδƿɵˣæҲ֪ڲ̫ƽ
֪۲Һ˵һ˵ȽżллĺˡЦŵ˵ͷŸǶȥ
ڡ
㲻ܹͳһȥԲУԶɽһûκصĿ˵
ԶɽһôʾǾζԲıˣˣһ仰һ£֪ԼûгȥϣˣɿͷԴ˵ȥͲȥˣʲô˲ġ
ԶɽȻݸһЦСЩ̫ΣˣȻܹһ𣬲̿ǺþûϵˣҲ֪ģȥѪɽԯˣСӣС鴦ˣҲܻҪԯȵġ
˵ģϲػ
ȻģŵẒ̌ҪԶɽЦúܹŹ֡
һ֪ӹţ˷ܾϲȴ֪иոץסģ¡


188 
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޵˻ͺ˷һͨ˵ĽأҲֻ޵һǿʿŸ㡣
ʱ꣬һδļգѾҪǰô޺޴ڵĶδгоǿʿѾ÷ֱЩǿɿڵζЩǲá
ܼĵشҪ⽫ӴԪųͷųЩͨ˵Եֵޣʶıܿһãθ
֮ǰۿУûмءΪĶ̶нǲһЩεܹܲ˳Զɽ鷳
δϤǰαÿһ򣬳Щ겻δԵ֮⣬ûжܹΪ˽δһһľˣϲڶ֮زҩʿҲԶԶϤ
δΧεһӣûмװʿ߶ֻδժҩĵˮƹʿЩ˴඼֮µʿ粢رΧռҩĵǣֻҪѻ߱壬һ㲻ʲô顣
ҪǲСĴ붾̶һͷΰǾֻ·һˡ
Щˣյǲ̫⣬ҲûпȥǣسŶ̶ķȥ
ſԲʮ֮ڣǿҵﶼᱻƾ̫¼ĸӦδ󼸺ǳͨ裬ԯѪܹ֤ܶӰ죬ˣδ޾κͶӵȻ
һɲǿԪײĲȻǰ߰﷽ЩԪƵȻǰҽ֡
һٶ죬ǧӰʩչ˳һʵӰӣеҰĻһ㣬һͨ˺ѲٶȣŴ򶷵ȥ
ܿģ㵽˽սһء
ɫƤҶҵʿʮʿսһЩʿȻ٣ǾȴһЩге乭һʸһЩʿͻȻ䱬ѳһ̡
ЩԲδɫźǿĸʴʿΪɵЩ˲Сᵽ̣Źֵڴڵ³ںѪ
һ޶˵ǰһ˫ذֻӶ֮䣬ϼҫЩϼķ̶гһ飬ʱٻ֣㽫ɢˡ
ֻһۣձϳ޸˵ݡҶҶ橡
Ůڳ¼ҵ鱦棬л߼۽ǧϽܵҺȥ鱦ʱ橶Դ̬ȺܺãСĪݼҵǸŮˡ
橵һʮ߰Ů侲óƿƿ޹ޣΪСᵽ̵Ҷ˽ⶾ߰˷ƣݣֱͦһǿģ
ŮȻֻ֮ΪɷʿΧȴԻңݺһЩҶСĶ̣ڱǱס
ǾޱԶһ㣡ǿӦŶĹǳһ
õңҲµġΪ˶Ҷι̵ͨҩǾޱеĶͣӦһͷҶιҩ
ȿȣС㲻ùǣԼСľˡֻҶҵˣ˵İΣǵһλȿȣС㲻ҪΪðգһ˺һЩҩ֮󣬲ôƵĿѪ԰ͼǾޱƿ
ΪҶҲˣҶҾǲˡǾޱǳһ䣬侲Щҩֻ֭ˣǲܹͬЭЩ˻ˡ
ĸмٶ˵ʲôʵʵһƿҩ֭ȥվȵҾˣҲҪСͷ߳δ󣡡
һҲһ㣬ӾǾޱȥһüͷ
αأֻҪҶŮˣЩҶ޹ءֻҪǿߣǾһһ̬ĸˣԹ˵
ٺ٣ŮˣֻҪŮˣÿˣˣҲԸ档𷴿ˡһα뺷ȴ˰̵ĸߴ꣬ͬñŤȰ˵һ˫һӣϵ橡ǾޱĸŮƮǿˮԾһơ
һʮҶˣȴûһΪһ橡ǾޱĸŮԵĲ㵽زЩҶ˶һ˿ԥᶨһηģ
ҲΪЩҶ˵Ĳ벻һ˲ܹЩʿĹ֧֮ŵڣȻˣʿҪ뽫ȫɱԼҲ븶һЩۡ
յһ飬һʼûгȵĴ㡣Ϊ֮ǰʱҶҵ˶ԴȻǼҶΪ׼Ρж֣漧ջЩ١
Ȼ۲һȴΪ橡ǾޱĸŮ˵ж뵱鱦ʱ򣬶Դ̬ȺѺãҶЩԸҲ橣žְæ
˴ЩҶ˵У˼ʶȰ˵ЧžҪʹɱ֣ǸһִۣҲҪЩҶͳͳն
⼸˾ҪҶ˸һЩټж̵İȫ֮ҶߵԽѣҶһһ֧ϸСļʸ̴ؿڣ
мҵĹ֮£϶ٹ˲ʣÿһ˵Ҷˣɫܿ췺ɫȻЩ˵ҲͬմȾ˶ҩ
ߣʶߵ㣬һҪͬھļƣȵǴǾޱߣƴסǣ
һҲߡֱʱǾޱǲԻңһ㾫µذױ߬УһҲЩǵóԸ
Сӣ嶯ҿɲɱ㣬ֻҪȰˡǸ˰̵꣬һǾޱ˼æߺȵ
ΣǾޱеذ׼ԼĲ棬ʱ˼ЩΪЩҶһӺηϵĶƣƴĻĸŮǰ棬һߺĸŮߣҪΪ˵
ڴʱһȰӰȻǾޱ֡
ǾޱһʶΪĸѾԣ룬͵ȥǽѩĲԼࡣ
һ޳֣Īͻأ֣סذ׾ӨһĶҲȥ
òһĲЦݣǰͻȻš
Ǿޱһ˿ãȻͻȻֵļգһ£Ǿޱһ˿Ȼ㾹ȻĶ˹ᣡ
Ǿޱţһرգƴذȥ̼ա
Ȼ˼յ⡣


189 嶯
Ǿޱ⣬»裬ƴţͼͬھ
ЩΧǾޱԵҶˣһǾޱȻסҲͬʱعͷ׷׳ɱЩۺ࣬Ȼŭ˼㣬һηģ
ҪӢ۾ļգһʱ޴ЦسֵЩҶ˵ķ»᲻С˻ɱЩҶˣж֧穣ټϻҪֹǾޱƴһʱмܵĺǱ
֮£ղò΢ʹڳһ֣һѱסǾޱϸһץסǾޱذףذ͵ؼǾޱ𪲱ϣȣס֣
ɱҰɣҾҲǵóѣǾޱԳңؽ
ԼնֵЩҶˣһذ׼ǾޱĲϣͻȻȫͣһŭżա
ЩҶչɱ¾ʿһʱҲסˣŹֵؿҳһŵҶˣסǾޱļգ֪ôһ¡
СֵܣСҿеģֵܹ֮㣬ҪȵĻҲα뺷һ꣬ɫһõؿżա
һֱסǾޱļգŽĺ󱳣컳䵽УյͬˣԼõͻȻˣȻܲˬ
Ǿޱôһ˵Ϊղʲôˣ֫һֻסǾޱֱܹܵĲɷһִĸоţȴʼղܹһֻѣɫԽԽǾʧ롣
һ֮󣬱׼Լľٶһ⣬֪Ǿޱȴڼϸ̵ͦνڼظǾޱһǿҵĦȻظ֮ط
һɹǵоٿش貿ޱĸоûоһʱãȻסˣͻȻ˸˵Ļֻǽüͷһʹˬ콻ģֵǵζ
ǾޱʹһͻȻβסһӲĻ£ǾޱػͻȻʶʲôʱϼ죬бɽҧһԲ潫ܹ񶾵Ļʺһ飬ȴҲҶһ¡
оļգͻȻ泩ĸоʧˣãȻоʶͦһβԼļӲǰιǰһ¡
Ǿޱʱ͵һվվƵģֱҪҧˣ޳ˣ֧ӣһʱ֪Ǻá
ãȻ˼£תʶԼڲ֪ʲôڵһºæյǾޱӨСԱߣǸոҡҲ֪ʲô
ɱҰɣǾޱеĺϼ⣬ڵĿߵĽ
һֵػعżʧ㣬˺ŮҪʲôԶǧ˺Ǿޱ橼ֱѾҪ޳ˡ
橣㣬㲻ϵˣһ㶡
ǰʲôط㣬ˣŮ֣С˭ûǹ㣬Źˮ磬еذ
ڿ϶Ѿǵˡ
Ҳǣ鱦ʱֻһĬĬŵСɫȻ⵱һ㣬ڵģͼǰЩı䣬ͺʶǰȻ졣
橣ǰڳ¼ҵ鱦ϣйǧϽܵҺ㻹ӡ𣿡
һ㶣ϸżһۣ˵ӡ󣬡㣬ǵǸꣿΪʲôҺԩ޳ΪʲôҪôԴǣΪյĳǻжġ
Цһ£ͻȻ̧ͷһЩΧʿжԼͼ
ֽذӵһֻǽǾޱһһ˦һ˶ʹȦȻΣֱЩʿ䡣
һʿûзӦͱۺ֮ʹȦסתͻȻʮͣصѹʹȦȻֻһӲʿ˲ģѪ⣬൹ز
òªǸĸˣͻȻֳ־座⣬æĻһܲسȥֵǻƽʹȦ
ѱ뺷һ꣬ɫЩ㵣ͻȻʶʲôһӴܣٶ֮쾪֮
һӿˣǸȴ߷ֵʹȦ֮Ϊȫ֮£ʹȦܹ˲佫顣
üͷһγ֣һöͷСɫףٿȻʹȦ֮УǸұը
Ǹеķ˳ɫ׵ıը߽⣬ʹȦ˳ûüѣȻ಻Ĺ֮ͬһѪ⵹ز
ôһ̵ĵһ꾹ȻʧĸӦΧ̶֮ķʧ
û׷һ꣬ձǾޱ֫ĴȻһɣյϵҶûж⣬ոյ顭ĺܱǸ
ڳ֣뿪Ǿޱһξ룬̯ƶ橿ЦͣոðȻ֣ҪֹŮѰٶҶǲû˿⡣
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㱣㶵ؿżգ˺һŷӦ૵㣬ǵ鱦ǧϽҺꣿ
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ˣЩҶˣΧ룬ʱ̽ѰĿ
ʾЩҶɢüͷƳһһԲŮһۣһ̹Ȼģļһۣ΢ɼ˵ͷллİ
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֪ǾޱǸӦߣ˵Ҫߣ䲻ͷһۣú
ǴɫǣǾޱüͷôԼ˼
һǾޱߣһţѵһ죬εǸǸˣ´ٻᡣ
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ȵȣǾޱתӵ
һֿЦŻعͷЦ㣬ʲô飿
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ܲܺף뿪δ󣿡ǾޱЩ˻߿֮ǻ߲δԸ뿪δҶԸ֧һЩһЩ͡
Ǿޱ˼ҾѾǴôüǿ󣡡橳Ժǳһ䣬ԼŮЩ̫Ծһϲ鷳˵ģһΪʲôҪ£
ǸðɡļգǾޱĿ¸Ϊ飬ЦŴӦ
ȻûϵվȻľʹӦ
Уһǳص꣬ǵõ鱦ʱ۸ǧϽҺ꣬ΪӦ÷ǳ΢ҪȻҲСĽݼǸرŮˡ
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δôһطԶһʱһûκλ֮ļգʵǷǳΣյģͻȻʲôа뷨һᶼûС
橱ϾŷḻϲڱеĸоҲϣžһЩ鷢
ʵһǴȥĵģ֪ŵδ󣬾顭Ǿޱü΢΢һ̾ô׵ĻȥҶЩ֪ô˵ĸء
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Ǿޱ޾壬һǲɣȥָ֮Щô˵ءЩôܹ࣬λǻᡭ
еĴ壬м֮λִҶҲ⣬ҶҪҶ֮λãԲŻŮҪõ棬Ϊıĳ档
Ǿޱ仰һ橺ȻĬһΪѵģ
ԸǣҾǡǸոǰ񣡡Ǿޱ磬䵽ϡ
Ǿޱ˼֮ǰִΪ˾㣬ʶôˡæԺǳ⣬˼ա
ոһֱǾޱļգǾޱһЩȽصСȫǾޱסˣʲôûпеֻǼնŮ˶Ĵ³
橲״֮һļȴѩǾޱµУǾޱνָСʶᱡ
һ죬պΣԥһ£Щ鲻Ըصͷðɣ뿪δ󡣡
һһȻ⣬ô˼
û£˳·ˡҪȵһطҪȺһʱ䡣
áǾޱӦƳһۼգ˳ǣ֪Щʲô˼
һվȻĴӦȻɻȴûж˵ʲôֻǿΪŹ֡
һǾޱ㲻ٷϻæΪЩҶ˴ơȻ粢ǶҩƺΪУֻæǰæһЩжļһԺתϵĶرذСеƿƿ޹ˡ
ΪҶС㣬Ǿޱһ㲻ڴСӣԳΪЩ˿ڣЩѪȳմ϶أָɾ䣬üհ塣
ܿģЩҶϵ඾һ˸׵ǾޱվԣǺˣˡ
㰵Ϯһ䲻ǰУĬĬͷһǰ棬лڸ档


190 
δУպǾޱһҶˣسȥ
һ·橡ǾޱЩҶˣһСɫԽ̶ķӽЩҲǽţΧΪ׺ѪȵޣЩͽϴˣرηǣʱʱԶһ֣ʱײѪ۾̰ԶԶǡ
δ˵н඼ǵֻǶúζδޣԣϲɱǷʿ
ʿ֮ˣڵѪΪ̺ӴԪʳ֮ζܹǵˣ˵ʿ֮ˣԶһͨ˸мֵ
ȻԵģϲɱʿʿһĻ̰֮ģϵƤϡȱϣһЩϵѪֱʳ֮һʿ֮ʿĳԪ
δΧޣһЩʿܵĸоη壬ȻЩǧδޣȴײɱԣҪôƤӲҪôһ綾ǲηʵʿ
޺Щеʿˮݣ˴˼ɱֹͣʿҪϵĽΪҲƤ̺ԪʿѵĿɿζ֮䣬Ųɵ͵ìܡ
δޣȻ̶һΪײǿ󣬲ҲһЩͬǷЩ㲻ϵǸûƺǵ
ȻȻҲһϣӦ˲ȻԶţȴʼûһеɱ
ǻ۲졣
Χ޻ЩײѪ͸֦ܵҶ϶עǣЩҶһɫΪȻ涼Щ޻ʲôʱͻȻ˺ҧ
Ǿޱǽ糣¾Ȼһ㲻Իңƺ֪Щڰޣĸһ𣬲ϵû̽գҪŪݡ
ϧȴرܿĸŮؿƿĸŮ˰죬ҲûʳȻӾü쳣
Ǹһ
ڶǰļգĮػͷƳһ̸ۣ䵭Ҳ̫ĵʵôˣ
ΧǻǺܿҪǸô죿ЩһΧɱЩ˱ؽΪǿеζʬ޴棡üͷѯʼա
һܻΪ޿еζЩҶҵ˶о⣬ʱ£Ǳ޷ʬ˵Щ̫пˡ
ˮڣǵȻȥЦЦһûнЩ޷ϵģ
Ҷ˶ŰɣûΪı֤İסˣһ˿ȫˣﻹǵ
ǾޱżգĬԡ
ɳɳɳɳ
Աߵ񰵴ִ޵ĽŲԾԱߣȻֻһͷޡ
СҶһȻģ̲ס˽ϵЩ䡣
΢ɲس˳ǣ˫ΧǻǱɨһۣĵԼδʱ򣬺аԵʲôûмаԵ
죬ҪκˣδΪΪ
ȻǺ£ھͰǸߺˡճһ£૵ЩȺǱڰٿһҪˣһˣЩҲó˰ɣҲá
գչȵʧ
Ȼ˵Щʲôȴҡͷ̾һûпڡ
ˣСӵ׻˭أ֪¼ƺûôĸְȻӦ뿪δ󣬵ǳںģлıأҶɫɻ
ҶȻҶԭҶˣֻǺҶͬնѣΪͬգŻͶҶңΪҶˣҶҲֻ˶ѡ
˭أǾޱҲɻżʧķľȻʵ
δôϤôᡭ૵ƺѾ³˼յݣȴûҶǶ˵˭ڱҪҪȻǾԻ뿪δ󡣡
ҶĮȻͷ
ôϤδһһľһδˣʵôǿᣬƺƺĳִ񡭡Ǿޱ쳣˳橵ĻһƺҲüĿ
ղû뿪Զ
˫ͷӣïܵĴţҫŰɫâעЩ˫ͷ߲ԶдССԵǱţһģǶһżա
һǿԪЩԵʶ˾ԲöԸֻżգȴȻг޵ıȴȼա
һմЩϸӦȫһɹĳ޻ףѽȻȻ֪һϲ˴ʿȴôĳޡ
ô£ɻΪʲôЩ˷ͷųӴԪ֮£ȻҲɢܣǲȡԵķʽ
ЩŭĵȻǲʶôҲҶǲ
ڼֵʱ򣬺ȻһžŸԴȻ･ԶֳȻһЩͼԵޣеѪ֮Ũңƺ޲ǿԮ֮Χա
ףһͻȻһЦηطǸžŸԴȻ߱Цͷ񣬻ǵ𣿡
ͻȻȻȻǶ̶֮һͷ
ʱ޸ˣմδ뿪꣬ȻһͷϵζϳݣɵĻεһȦŸЩΧյȺߴߴл
Ӷ̶߳ޣһЩţͷڶ̶ҲǽѷɫĿޣЩ˫ͷߵޣһлеѪͳȥһЩһ岻Ը뿪
˭챧žͷһļգͻȻתɨһïܲݴԡ
ź촽ǾޱֳһֵźͼˣһĿֲޣͷӴԶ֮ǰͨ׺ݿ¡
ߴ˻ټ϶Լк棬Ҫôһ£ûϵһͼΧڶ뿪ȴһͷӴĿȵ§һ
ǾޱӺȻһżյʱãȻ૵㣬ǣ
ԭС㡣ɫ糣Щ޲ٶԸˣİɣѾ뿪ˡ
ЩޣΪʲôĻΪʲôΪʲôȻﲻԸ㡣ѲɣѲһֱۼΧޣǾޱҧ촽ӡ


191 ط̶
ǾޱȻվǶɫ죬ӿһˡ
һμȴûжֻͣҡͷЦЦľͷİӣԸȻȥɣҺܿͻȥ̶
ͷԣƺܹ˵ЩʲôʩʩȻŤӴӣ֦Ҷïʢʧ
ǱߣǾޱƺڵȺ𰸡
δҷǳϤҲ˽⣬ֻ֮ǰۼڸޣȴҵոôУҲֻǺ;ͷһʶû޵ȴСЦǾޱյ߰ɣδӦò޴ҪСĽ
Ǿޱżգ۾ԽԽ˵ǰҾסɽ뼧ӦöδǳϤ˵һ˽ͣһԯǾޱûм˵Щȥ
ЦЦȻǾޱ³ԼݣҲϣЦǾޱʵΪʲôǾޱҶǾޱ
ҶиӣҶΣһ㼧֪ҶҶϮʱºҶ˽֪ҶȻҶҵӣϧȴޣԶԶҶҡҶˡ
뵱꣬׼ΡǧǰҶңҲϣܹҶҡҶҶſ֪иӽҶΣȴ֪иŮЩ档
ôһʣǾޱһȻһ̾⹫ֻĸһŮҶȴãҸҶӣҶŮҶ˵пޣĸա
ǾޱЦЩɬΪĸܣҲܣԣҪΣյĵطҶһ㶼գֻҪҶִ־ˡҲΪҺĸܣԲŸӦŬҶҾûǵλá
νĴ壬ҶΪߴ֮ףȻ¾ɹ
ǾޱԴԳؽЩ˵һͷҶЩ˵ǺģȻŮͷ¶棬ˣѹ֪һ֮ΣأҪ֡
ҶҶˣҶȻùǾޱ̾
˱˵ߣһ͵ߣ橲ؿŲļաǾޱֿ˿ΧЩǱڰѾʧӰ٣Ϊ죬ûϵֻǳȥһˣȻľͽвȥ
ǾޱûἧȥЩȺ֮ɫȻΧûǱ˵Щ˾ͻûˣǧ򲻿ɵġ
ЩҶһͷ
һ˼δȥһ֮󣬼ͻȻı䷽
橵ȻΪߵķ򣬲ǵĿĵء
˵ҪȵһطȥһˣǸţᵢǶʱասͣ橵˵ͷʱֻܹգԶû˵ʲô
ǣ̶ȥɣպҶƺȻ̲סૡ
ԱЩҶɫһ䣬ͻȻ˼ֿ־座⣬ȻҲ˵̶Ŀ¡
ȷȥ̶ǲصģ̶ǵط˽ɣȥʲô⣬ǸңҲްղ̹Ȼ˵Ŀĵء
صģǸŹȥˡѾ³˼յݣԿο
ôһ˵ҶûˣĬŸţɫȴǰδеĽ
֮󣬼մҶһˣڳڶ̶Զ
ȻֻǳŶ̶ķһۣձɫȻһ䣬̶ֻѣݣںȳ˱ǣЩЩޣһǶʿ
Ȼ̶Ǿһս
ﾭսңսֹһѹһһΧͻΧһĿޣӣΪ֮ǰʿҡǾޱֻɨһۣƺ֪ӷڶ̶飬϶жϡ
Ѫߡ˽Ǿ롭Ķ̶ޣֳЫҲԱ¶˳ȫעżһ֮͡
ЩҶһ־壬ɫ԰׵̲סȥô޳֣֪ǵȻûеֵסĿԣһ뵽ԼᱻЩ޷ʬͻֲľָС
Цų˳ȥȻЩӿֵ֮䣬Цһˣһˡ
ԵЩޣһӵϣΧ롣
Ҷ¶Ŀõı飬Ȼæ橣ˣߣ飬˭Ӳ
֪ռȻ̶һƾ̣ɫ糣
ͷɡǾޱȻһЦҶ˵
Ҷһ㶣͵ػعͷȴһȺΧļղȻЩײеϷһ
ҶɫãȻ૵⡭ôһ£
ҺϵʱͷйǧϽܵҺӦþˡǧϽĵط٣̶һܹõǧϽܵҺȻ̶ˡ橵
ܹ붾̶Ҳ޵Χ壬㻹֪˭𣿡ǾޱȻһЦ
Ҷһ£һԺȻԭԭȻˣѹˣҲ̶ֻܹޣò³ݵġ
˭һЩҶˣ֪յݣɻʵ
һԯգҶһ򼧳յĿͻȻ˼η壬˵һԯܹ޵۷֮Բ鰡
ԱЩҶˣôһ˵һͬ
İ˹ͻȻȺΧסļһϷԸһˣҶȹ£Ⱥ˺ǣߣҵҪһڶԸ̶ޡ
һ춯صӲԶĶ̶дӴиȶɳת۵˼ԣȭͷһСڼϡ
ѷ죬ΪƤ񣬲ûѪֻǿһۣ֪Ӧú˾սܹ·϶ˣҲѵһĸ֡
˭㣿ɫȻԣϵķ϶˼ѣзǿҵɱ
δ˺ü֮꣬һ⣬񿴵ˣ޲ýЩԸͳͳɱ⡣
ȭͷСӣҫײѪȵĹâͷһΧδѵĴҶ׷ɡ
ЩΧڼԵȺͻȻɢ˿һ˫˫ѪӶԶƺڵȺŵ˵ĵ
ҶЩһȺɢЩֻм룬ɫɷףҲҶһ¡صǣЩƺ֪Ҷ˺ͼһģ֪ûжԣȻҶ˿ļЩȴûжҶ˹
橡ǾޱҶһٿ򼧳յĿԽӾ죬ûж˵һ仰ȺȴƺܹʶǶܹŹǾü
̧ͷΧĮȻͷӦϾͻˣ˭ҶһԸǡ


192 ӭͷػ
̤̤̤
᲻صĽŲԶ˷ǳûһѷسٶҲ죬ͨŲ˾Բֹһˡ
ڶ඾̶ޣһŲ׹䣬ԣ˵͵͵
վһԣͬ˽ӽķһҶˣ˵ɫȻҲĬĬȺš
ܿ죬һȺķֳ乭ʿһһֳЩʿֱϡϣ涼࣬һȥЩ̶ͬޣͬ뺷ײС
һϲûд󺺣Ȼðͷ˺ȻҪԸ橵Ǹֻ꣬ɨ˼һۣɫһ䣬ΪһжЫСߵ˵Щʲô
ĸ֣ľǿʢһ壬ڵʿϲ϶޵Ĵ࣬ΪԼ޶ѱߡüͷ壬򼧳ս͡
Ǹ֮ǰϮǵ꣬Ҳ𣿡ճǸͱ뺷˵
ҡҡͷ橵˲ģӦǻģҲ֪Ϊʲôһ𡣡
˻˻˻˻
Щʿһ̶֣޷׷׵ɢЩʿӽ
ȭͷһСһգգǸжЫСߣһٴеģ
ʮд֮ϵĸ֣졢졢֮ĸҲ࣬ǸŶЫߣһϢԼնԪĸӦ֪Ӧһʿ
ˣͬԶ̶ޱ¶ǿҵĳޣۿЩһĿЩ˶˵й𣬼ʸԽԽĶ̶ޡ
սһ
һı뺷꣬վСԵϵ˵ЩԣŰ֮ߣһڼɨɨȥ˵ͷ
СģӦĶ˾а͸ţʿǰȻûмȴ˵˾жЫʿָӦþˡ橵ѡ
ĮȻͷۿŶЩʿͻȻһڶ̶սǲǣ
ǣ˭ϣػľȻǰ͸ţһ
͸Ŷһϸۣҫĺа⣬۾ЩҶӹʱ򣬰ڵҶɫǳȻоǱߵһ㣬˵ܡ
ֻǾޱ֪Ĳ壬ǱԭȻɫ糣ƽ
ãǾͶˡĮȻͷͻȻһХýޱȵطϣһ磬ɱȥ

أһչХ𣬷ɳʯһЩʿ
һΧΧЩ̶ޣһĿӿϣֱɱȥ
ż͸ɫ䣬˸նơ
ಣಣ
һȼһ𣬻Ǵű亮ǳâ׷״ЩʿеĹɳʸڿХ
ЩʿޣڳкУ޷ܣϲ˶ļʸһЩСޣֱӱ͵徢ݺݵضڴϣĲ
Щ̶ޣ֪ӣķԸ֮£ηʵغֱײҪЩƽʿ˺Ƭ
ȻʿֶΣһ֧֧ſնطӭޣӲǽһ֧֧ѪڵɱЩڼΪֵʿԴһֶΣж·˿ҡ
һ֧֧ſȥĿ϶䣬ЩʿȥԶһξ룬һȺʿֳЩʿϲûдͼÿһĳì
Щֳʱ򣬳ìĺХȻ𣬺ЩХһ˲ȡ඾̶޵
Ҳбһìһ֧֧ìûжٿϾʱ䣬ϵķӭޣЩìеһϣѲ溬еľ綾֮͸壬Ǻܿȥ
ն񶾣ԶЩ޿ģٿһӴڶѾìɱڶ̶࣬һ·ֲʲô־壬ηͳ塣
ڴʱ͸Ŵӱȡһɫ乭乭һۿȥһɫߣ͸̹һûȡʸÿչԶԶżһ¡
һɫߣȼʸ죬Ȼ˲䵽˼ǰɫδһɴ̱ǵȳζ˱Ƕ
ȶ͵쫷ͻȻγɣȻǰɫ߸ɢݿҲܹۼһߡ
ٺ٣͸ͻȻЦ
ЩɢݿİɫߣٿػΪһɹƮ̣͵쫷֮УһӽոΧ롣
͸ƺ֪дһУ쫷ĵ͵·Ԥ֮УǶ̶ľ׶Щɫ̵Ӱ죬ֻһͨˣһֻ֣·һ
͸Ԥϣǰɫ̵֮£յȻ׹µķǰ͸ŵȺĵط
͸ͷż£ϵЦЩ룬һɫιâҪճ׷顣
Ȼֱֱ׹ļգ֪ǲΪʱ̫ȣڰҡҡλΣȻޱȵرܹ˰͸ŴȥιâһǶĺλá
͸ȻĵСж˻ܹãȻĶһʺ˵Ǽá
׼һ͸ͻȻǿҵΣУɫһ䣬͸͵طһʹȦңң
һ˲䣬͸ͻȻҲ񾭷·ᣬͻȻһޱȵĲ
¡¡
ͻȻһ֮ıըըвµҽУֻЩֳ乭֣֪ΪΣһһǣѪĴ׷ɡ
ʮ졢֮ʿôһ˲䣬ΪѪ꣬һءһδж꣬ȴЩ֮УΧǲϵߣ֮ϵشĺһʿô
͸ŴŭЩµѸٳżճ˹ȥͻȻʶոԼСӵĵֻڶʱɱ˼գܹµİȫ

ڴʱһЩֳֳì֮УչʼոЩ˵
ɫᣬ޶Եؼ֣һöö״зݳȥЩԳܵش


193 ѪΪʳ
͸дձɣ֪ΪԯļգʩչĶֻ̣װж䣬ѰʱЩִɱ䡣
͸ֱ򼧳յʱ򣬶ϲϵشµĲбսӽ֣ûκһܹӳ׵ĺըøǵ³
ûа֮ʵʿļգûл֮
ڼնЩʿɱʱҲ˻ЩֵУͷţѪŨī֭ĶҺϸЩ֡
Щ֣һմЩ֭ϵƤѸٵ䣬Һ˸ȫĻʿðŨỤ̼̃ǿҵѪζɢ֮Ǽ˳˼ܰ׹ǼܣѪȫ䡣
մж֭ʿֻеϽմ϶֭ƤѸڵֹܹҺܽĿֲ³
ЩϿǻҺϸһЩһǱӣҲܹͶìԸЩɱޡ
ʱ򣬰͸ϵߵļգǰֹЩʿɱ䡣
ɣ޳ܣ͸ڿлصҹһҶ϶д˲Ϣ͵˼ԣݹ᾵ûһ˻δգƤͷĹצð̹⣬һ򼧳ա
ɫذͻȻڼֳҫ۵ɫâһţһߣ͵ն͸Ĺצ
ͬʱһ˶ɫףȻΡ
ԴһСɫףâҫɫذףسŰ͸Źȥ
໥գֵ֮лϣһ޴ʹȦѸٳΣңң͸š
Թצеɫ˿յİ͸ţɫȻһ䣬ɫذףɫף߲ʹȦع̺͸һ
һ̣͸ʶǰ䲻꣬ȻſȰʿĿֲ
ɫͻȻ͸еǼ䵴Ȼ޴棬צһɫ̻ΪŶߣһ˲䣬Ŷγɣζţ˻˻ֱֽżղ
ԪﲢǶô߳ļա
Ȼ͸ָðĴɫߣһ˻˻ֽУϻй̹ҫ֮ԵͨԪ
ɫذ״͸ŵָһײһ׹ɫذ֮ϣǰɫذԶԶ׷ɿ
ԴСɫֻɫ֮УȻըЩɫײĶߣԶԶըɵһԣסҡͷβؼżղ
ǾȻɫף
ˣЩܹɾ޴ӰʹȦܹͬЩɫĶȴûʲôܹγ谭ֱżһǰطӶٶԽԽ졣
ɫ΢䣬ڿЩ߲ԪƾֳģЩӦǺͰ͸޵ģѪ⣬Ѫ֮л̺Ű͸ŵıѪطƶɡ
Щߣʵǽͻ֮࣬Կһֹ
һУһ׷ɿɫذףȻ֮УɫȻſնĶߣⲫɱЩ
ڴʱ
ˣˣ
հָдڹļХֻһЩݷڰָеڹ棬һֻһֻӰָз˳ֻлƶСڹ棬һӰָгȻ춯صХޡ
ʮֻڹպХЩ߿룬뵽Щߵ֮СЩڹĶߣѸٸɱȥڼ̵ʱ䣬ֻʣһƤѪⱻڹʳһա
Щڹ汾аײе࣬ԯ֮ѪΪʳԽԽʢЩ͸ԱѪιƵĶߣȻʮֻڹĶ֡
ôһ򣬶ʮ߳˶ʮƤڷҶһƮ

Զ͸ؿڣĿѵʹҺһҺ󣬰͸ŷڶһġ˻˻
гżճĶߣͻȻˣԱʱٶȣ׷ڰ͸ʧ
Щ̺Ű͸ŵıѪ͸ͬˡһƲæٻЩ޵»ᱻЩڹʳһˡ
ڹ沢ûзɻذָУŵѪζǣһ˷ޱȣөһ㣬Ű͸ȥ
ڹÿһֻߣȴԶԶû㣬治ֻ֪лƶһСǣôߵѪġ


194 ʹ
ɫһһڰ͸ָȥЩ޵ٿһʧ͸Ų԰׵ɫԺһ£ӽôһ𷢳԰͸˵Ҳ
ʮֻʣƤĶߣԣһɽܵ֡ˣȻжʮ߱ڹʳ԰͸˵ȥĶʮ߲ûĸʵоӦա
ƶһСڹ棬ѪΧʱ򣬰͸Ųңһ˿޹âƺڹֶΡ
ռΪڲɫֻԶԶһۣ׽˰͸ĺ塣
һٻʮƶһСڹ棬ǲҪڶŰ͸Ųġ
ЩľѪΪʳڹ棬ѾӡһЩڹһȻͣȻһתͷֳеİָ˻
ʳ˶ʮߵڹ棬һƤ׹ϵǿһ֣Ƕʮ߶˵ֱ鵤ҩǵʵһء
͸ƴ׼ٵڹӽɣʩչ޶ĶֶˣȴûϵʮڹͻȻͷڴֶ̥УƵҪ
һҽУ˷
һĹЩ̶Ѿ塢µϣЩʿһڰǻͣȵЩֻܹϵغˣͷЩһʿռơ
һιʱŰ֮ʵİ͸ֲϵͷŹԶԶ޹ʧء
Ϊһս˼ͻȻæң˲ʮˣķҲάֲȥ޵İȻ
͸ֱոţ޷ǰǱֱ֣߳ΪΪˣ˻ʿش
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ȻһռϷ硣
Զ橡ǾޱЩҶˣɫȻ
ףǲŰ֮ΪǾޱɫӣżգѯԵ橡
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ˣ޶ȥ׷ЩˣҪҪæ˵ԶҶƣԶԶһ
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ˣǹȥҲﲻæǶ̶ޣЩݵˣɱǵЩȻĻǱϾޣǵжˣɱ֮ҡͷܾ
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С㣬̶ȻУԶ̶ȴ˸ϡеҩݡСϲҩݣҪܹõ˵ڶ̶ջҩݡҶһͻȻ飬̶ʱ㽺档
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ǾޱСϲҩݣҶҵʱԼҺ԰ֲҩĻݣԴһЩЩҩĻž߲˵ЧԺҩ滨ϲѾ˳Եĵز
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ǾޱϲҩݣȻҶԴḻҲܹҩݾۼһˣǾޱҲϲҶܱһЩɽҰѰҩĻݡ
ϧ滨ݵıأβ㶪ԺǾޱʵֻ࣬ͬҶҸżʱ򣬲ŸһЩΪΣ֮ء
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Ǿޱ˵̶ϲһأһͻȻ˺õĻᣬûҶƵѣҲŹһ̽Ե
С߶Ҫժ滨ݣҪзִ硣վһļգüԶԶƳһ˷ܵǾޱ䵭
̶һȷ滨ݷ֮࣬Իôҩ֮⣬һԭ޺Уһ˾Բڶ̶Ǹ̾޺Уôһʢ滨ݵıأеǶᱻЩҩʿոһˡ
뾻ݡҲð̶ҪǼյͻȻ֣ǲܻ߳ȥõʶȤڶ̶ֻȡҪļҩ١
֮ԳǾޱе˷ܡ̰ƿһУ̶滨ݸȫռˣôһ̶ܱ߾Ͳ滨ˡ
Ǿޱûʧ۲һղûзǾޱժǾޱһֱûжֻ֣һЩ滨ԱһǶʲô
ȥǾޱֲڿĲԸ磬̶̷Ǳȡң֪ģǰҲȡҵġ
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̶޽أǲûҶˣɢԶԶųڶ̶̶ߵļգӦײежһ˿Ѷ顣
񼧳սǵһЩڶ̶ԱߵޣҲϿ˼һΣճֽ͸ŴЩʿشάǵ棬Щްм
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ǹһĨ΢ЦЩε֪֮ĹͨҪ̫ʱ򣬽һѾ㹻ЩԵޣǳڲ׽˵壬֪⻹Ƕ⡣
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ΣǷİɫƣЩƸһޱȸĸоģͷЩƣʵʲôɣȴһֹµĸо
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һһֱһֳᣬɼ
뵶ʲ֪ҫȻʣɫѪһХ쳹֮䡣
ڣͬһХ׳
һɱĳƣӳеһ̣֮ƺֻʣֳֳļգµԶս񣬷·ӳʵһɹս˳
ԶһҶˣһȻЩֵųֵļգȻʮɣһɳɱĿϢɽ鱩һǴ橼ֱҪѣҪԶԶ
ҫڳʣ
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ԯѪڣҫƺγĺӦۣռţҫ֮У治ϵźǿǽһȥĺ
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˱ԯ֮Ѫ󣬵ҵĲһɫĹâڵӵ·֮ǿҵѪζֱ֮Ż
ֱһ֮һԲһƥѪӵбͻ֮ɱâ¶
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ͻȻʣбֳѪһ˲ʧ٣һսҫӴڣĬߵԣ֪ҫеĻǣӦһȣǶ֪һЩ飬İɣҲûҫĺպ
ȭͷУҫһָӵĹâڼϣþòƶ
Ϊ꣬һԯȻǾ춯صţһ˾ԼԦˣһԯ֮Ȼܹҫ֮Уֶμֱš
ΪҫĳĲֻһԯҫԲҫ֮
ҫֻԯ֮Ѫſԯ֮ѪԽҫչֳѳΪԯļռĵرҫΪƵľˡ
ҫ֮УǰԯµӡոԺиֳһ棬ѾüͻȻһЩء
Щ塢ΪζҶǽ鷳Ժ˭Ҫ̶ƽҶ¿˼䣬ˣ뿪ˣҴĻۡ
ƺЩᣬô
Ӷ̶Ա߳ɨһר־滨ǾޱһͣԶһҶҶˣĬһǾޱ·֪ԣɽеעڻ֮ϣղɲزؿһ
ǾޱȻ̧ͷһۣһȻˣ
ţæˣԵĻھͳһὫ͵Ŀĵءüͷյ̶滨ݺܶ࣬Ȼע⣬ǲûвժֻҪʿɶֹҲ㡭
ǾޱЩϲ͵һЦˣֻҪǾͺˣҪҲŻժǡûʲôˣھͿԳˡ
գǾޱƺܿĵߵҶǰЦûʲôˣ߰ɡ
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ҶֻлͷЩһۣж棬ЩײѪޣΪʲôôԴϣʲô֮Щ޽˿
ǰ˼⡣

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̶һºҶ˶Щηûк̸£ЩҶȻԶԶܿ»᲻С
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ҪǼǰһֹסЩǰҶһСУͻᱻɫĶҩ֣ʱͻʧǣΪһײѪĹֻеɫ̵ҩЧʧ֮󣬲ָܹǡ
һ˵Щɫҩʿعκͬ飬Щͬͻ׵ΪĵһֶǻặηһеعԷ
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ҪǰǱߣֻдԽĶԵģǽҹֻҪЪϢһЩɫĶӦܹɢȥˡҹʱҲҪעһ㣬ֹͻȻǿ磬Щ̴ߡ
ҶͣԺ󣬼ǽһЩɫ̵ĿֲȻǽϢ
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΢΢üƳҶһһЩŵҶˣ䵭ҪǲţɽԣҲܹ˵ɻˡģľΪǷ˵Ҳ޷Ʋס㣬ɱꡣ
ôһ˵ҶƻֱðεЦЦŵù㣬û뵽ֶôаţǺǣǽҪͣһҹˡ
»ˮǵ㣬δҹΪŵģҹһЩĴ߶ֻһЩ΢СĳУ΢δҹ԰
ûкҶ˴һ𣬼չһһ֦ҶïʢĲ֦ɽ洦иҫָ˿˿ɫĹâһעҫ֮С
ҫŶ꣬ȻΪһԯҪƿҫҪͨĵ֮ӡԼӡǣҪΪṩ
ȻҫѾǳƷҪͨķһϤԼϢΪԺʱܷսҪ׼


196 뻳
ϸҹ˾ʱȻ٣ϸδɰ˹ϸĵӾĽˣΧͻȻˡ
ϣЩǰصɫ̣ˮһʣԶƮݣƬƬֳ
橡Ǿޱ˳񣬶ڶ꣬˳һҶƺͼҶˣּΧ棬Сĵעǰɫ̵ֹͻȻʲôǵĲ衣
һò֦У΢΢۾Ħеҫһ΢ɲİâָ׷϶볤ڡ
Ȼר־泤ļգձĲʸУüͷһ壬ͣеĶ̧ͷǰƵȥ
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һҶƺһҴҶˣһһͷԶ˹Ҷһ£ˣС㣬ǣû°ɣūûã޷ǣū
ܻžͺˣ㲻Ҫʲôû뵽û뵽ż죬Ծʣˣ֪֪Ǹġ橲ҡͷۿʡ
ˡСû¾ͺáû̫ϻ˵һ䣬ĬĬվһԣͷһԲ
Ҷһ࣬ϵҡͷ̾ʱʱԿοһڰ˳䣬Ҫ̫˱ˡ
ˣС㣬ǣûбôһ̾ϢԺҶƺߺһѹѯʣɵĿԶԶɫĮļһۡ
ЩңȴϵҡͷҪ˼룬ҪոճȣĸŮǶ㲻ЩɱϾᣬʱëһЩһƬġ
Ŷû¾ͺãû¾ͺáҶƵͷٶ˵ʲô
ϢɣһǾ·Զղ䲻˵һ䣬һԾһù֦ɽ洦ɵĻεȣüͷӸµĿĸˡ
橺Ҷ˵ʱʱ̧ͷһļգΏһԲĬĬѰһΪĵطƺھĻָԪ
ǾޱüͷԶһȻߵµȡһŵڵϣô̧ͷͷҶͷɴһûһµĻεš
ӵڶЩմҶˮһε䵽Ǿޱϣͷ϶ྦྷӨ͸ˮ顣
Ǿޱ߹ʱ򣬼ˣǶεǣҶˮҡǹΪ֮
Ǿޱüͷһ壬߲͵ĺһж˼ŭЩ˲֪ΪͻǹΪ֮ǹΪ֮˵ƷĹģŮܲ˶֪ǣƫƫ͵ʲô֪Ƶء
ͷһۣղ䲻ȵҪѭŮܲ׵ĵЩˣлǶ䳰ȷ
Ǿޱҧҧ촽޺Ȼصͷһۡ
һǾޱһӬһ˵Σлл㡣
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ʲôսһǹһĵЦ
ߣǾޱͷȥŲŽһ£Զ橺Ҷƣ죬·صૣ᲻Ļ죬ǵϢ͸¶ȥأҪȻΪʲôЩܹô׼ȷ׼أ
а̾һշǾޱȻ䲻ȴĸҪĶࡣ
滹һβ̵·̣ǲĽϢͷųȥܹ֪յ
Ǿޱ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôĿϢ

һҹڶգ̫
ǰصɫ̣ȻʧӰ٣ĸҶһҹû˯СĽţȺ¼ջЩ̸ʿڶɢԺ
Ǻµ鲢ûзǼջЩʿûκж
󣬼˫ԶԶǰһۣ˳ƮݳȥûЩɫ̵谭곩ͨ裬ܿҹЩʿ̾εһ顣
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üͷӴһԾ£ǡǾޱվأǾޱŭرܿаޣѵͲ˼һ±𣿡
ȻһЦͷҵˣǸɨһǰ۾΢΢׵һۣЩˣǿԳ𣿡
ҹսҶֻʣĸŮҶơˣɫȻȴᶨص˵ͷ߰ɡ
ҹʱ֪ҶơῺһںҹǰЩҶ˵ʬ嶼ˣȻû۾Ǽնǵľٶȴָơ
һߵͲƽԱ߶ÿһǰһªľƣдߵ֣ľôִ֦ƳɣȻǾ͵ȡģõ洦ɼĿݸľͷ
ߵʱǾޱЩԣһһ飬֮Ҷơ˵ĺ󱳣Ǿޱ΢΢üͷ֪Щʲô˼
һ·ĬУСشЩأʿۼĵط
Ȼ¹꣬ȴûһЩ뿪ĽŲۼȻЩʿǳûһ˿
Ǿޱ۲һҡҡͷϸģҲܹʲôõѶϢֻа̾
ǿһ㣬ʱ䣬Ϳ߳δһδ󣬾ƽĲݵأʱͲҪĻ˰ˣǶǵȺڡյ
橵˵ͷЩ䣬ĬǰСҶǰ棬Ϊ˴·ʱʱο橼䣬ľ
Ҷˣʼûѯʣٿڽ
һǶȻЩͻȻðˣǺȻʧˣЩʿʼûٳ֣Ҳûֳһټ
ҶƽϽɫȻһЩ橽ʱ򣬲ϵظһӦˣܹȺˡ
֪ǲһãɫÿһ㣬ûмԳһģʼ򼧳յлʾԼ̫ϣղҪ⡣
橵ĵлպЦӦԣûж˵ʲô
ֹһ죬Ǵһľĸ£ոյʱ֣һˮ峺׵ĺƽ羵ں׻߮յĳ£ˮ̲
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Ů˰ɾԣɾĺĸŮҲͲסһǺȥҪúˮϴϴգһֱָ׵
橡ǾޱߵԱߵʱͻȻǰһˣǰ
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㲻ײУһԶӦŵģǣֻںо޶ˮУһԺɲǼ䣬
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һ𣬼պȻʶԼԪڲյһЩԪҲеõյһЩ䣬Ϊŵص鶼ָƣֶһЩȻˡ
Щչڶļ䣬ƽòʱҲ벻ڹؼʱȴֻͻȻðĪ⡣
ǾޱЩûϵվȻ˲ѧȻ鶼һУԽԽ
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ԽԶԽáյͷ
ͻȻһɼΪ΢Źֵز͵شԱߵĺ״
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Сģںױըһ˲䣬ԶҶƱѣһһæļơ
ɫٿȻһ䣬Ҳû룬ʹǰһƣ橵ͻȻƮƮֻҶƵķȥ
һΣֳǾޱԣ˵ſһѽǾޱסǾޱ͵ѹڵϡ
ǾޱżգСָסˣſڵϣ󱳱սѹס
һǿҵϢ˲ǾޱףճصĻѹڵϣֱΪֻ̫ʣǾޱϥ΢θ߸ͦ𣬼СӲֺ֮ɲɵصеι
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ſϵļһԲϢ΢
׵ıըڵʯ֮䣬ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻǱըһ£ָֻƽ
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ˣˮеĶ˲͸壬һ˲ȫմȾԣ˭ҲȲˡԶҶҡͷ̾Ϣ
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ǸְŵļһˣҾͿԺúúĸŮˡһЦЦҶƵİɣ֮󣬿϶ҲᰴԼҲ񫡣
ҶƺЦЦ˵ͷ
㣬㡭ָҶƣ԰ֽǲŵıࡣ


197 Ҫװʲôʱ
Ǳ뺷꣬ǵЦݣһЩʿ˳ƽ橡ǾޱĸŮΧ
橱Ҷɪɪӱ㣬ȷӦʱѾˣǰҶЩռҪƣҪЩ˵İΧӳȥѲܡ
Ǿޱɫ侲ûоʧ룬ֻҶƣҧƲ⵽Ϊʲô
Ʋ䣡˻һָָҶƣ˵ĸŮԲסˣΪʲôҪôĻǵĶԸǣ
ҶҡͷдżСȷһֻǣ˻֪ҶƱҲҶˣҸҶٱҶɨسţȫΪҶԭҸ뿪Ҷ֮޽֮߻ħ˷ӣĸɱˡ
ɱңȴڹؼʱͷʹѣҳûɱһҹ֮䣬Ҹĸ˫Ҽ֮ԱȫΪҶңΪҶ壡˵ǸòǱ𣿡
ɱĸףֽɱҶƽһʱƽ·Ϸ顣
ÿһ˼ô侲˵ôһйŹ֣ҲǷˣҪȻ˵߱ʱôƽ
橺Ȼû䣬Ҷ٣ԭҶٵĶӣԼ˹ᱳҶңҶûŻֻǽɨسŻǺĹͣ㲻֪ͼһҪĻǵʳݻصҶң˻дˣ
ҶһЦЦݶ˼ΣΪӣΪҾȻ
תͷǸα뺷Ļ꣬ҶƵӣ㻹ʲô
ͷЦаĿ橡Ǿޱɨɨȥ˻˻֣Ҫˡ
һϸ⵶ȻУҧȻŮһۣʹԾ
Ǿޱһеس嵽ԣץסյֱۣȵҪ
ɫȻΣѵҪЩ̣
ǲһġǾޱ͵˵һ䣬̧ͷһվԶһԵΰ㣬㣿
ָˣﲻǡҶƵЦ
῿ǾޱſҪ˵ЩʲôȻɫȴ԰ֽͷ亹˳ʡ
СС㡭ӵָǾޱӻ˻ΣȻһء
С㣬῰Ľ㣬һܹó֪˵һԸǣԣҸոճûһЩˮҶ΢ЦŽ͡
㣬úݣҧгݣȴ޿κΡ
ǲҪģֺֺͣҲȡǵЦ
Σм⵶һЦǾޱãһˡ
𣡡ǾޱץסֱۣգҪװʲôʱ򣿡
˻һһҶƺɫһ䣬ͬʱ󱳳ſڵϵļա
֪Ӻʱ𣬼պѾðȥ̣Ҳû˽ζ
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һȻεЦЦʶոԼſǾޱϵʱȻܶαװ˹ȥȴɼӲǾޱǴһʲô
ǾޱƿȻַһľٶոӿ϶ԼĲ²ûˣǾޱ϶ǴԼӦ濴⡣ˣܹӦ
׹һ֣ݺݵصҶһۣͻȻ˻֣ס
һ仰£ͻȻһͷģĹȣָͷ֮УѪ˳ָ棬һͷȺȻǳХһ޴ޱȵǴӹ˳
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ˣͷȣһȻԶȥֻһ̹ʧӰ١
Ҷɫһ䣬һǼ䣬ɫںī֭ϴһ֮Żζֻ֮ΪҶƣȻһɹа
ҶҲûвĺͼһսɫīֻ֮Ըٶߡ
һѪɫâһĻߣȻӳȥҶơ
һҽдҶƿдľднһںɫҶ϶һš
ЩĻĸ֣һ˲ȫָ֣Ĺȫ輧Ϊȡʱ䡣
Щĸ֣ĲֻһʿǺͼնսֻ·һɱ˼ԺЩĴӣܵĲҶ١
橡Ǿޱԣղûȫ׷ңңɱ˼֮šһںڶϱۻصԣֽϱӵԣҶƵֱۣȻһĶ˳ȥȴһֱۡ
Ҷһֱ۳ζ˱ǣ䵽Եʱüͷæ˼һ񣬡ҶһӦǴҶǶѧģҶ޵߻ħûϵȻ
üͷնҶҵ鲢ûжȤҶӳȥˣţǣȥȥǱˣ
ˣһͿԳȥˣûɰ;ϡԥһɫȻ˵
˵ͷյǺã׼һ£һᰴԼ͵ĿĵأʱǵİΣͺ޹ˡ
ԶǾޱվ῵ʬԣӣ֪Щʲô˼
橡ǾޱĸŮһҶĶϱۣһжʬ壬һʱƺ˺滹һ·̣ҲǲԶļա
Ώ࣬ѾûˣȻԺյһЩ䣬Ҳûа취῾ȻΪж仹лҪŶ֢ҩĽⶾҩݡ
ձϢֹͣ˫۷ס
ǾޱȻһĬĬߵԣҪΪ𡣡
ͷһֻ̾ҪлᣬȻҪΪҶƻϣң㸸Զĸ󻼣Ҫǲһ뾡취ǡ
ţҪǾޱü
װûĸŮ˵ЩʲôվԶһԲһȵ橡Ǿޱ˽῵ʬĸŮߵǰлл㣬ǡǿԳˣǾޱ
Ҷơǰ治֪ж׼ԸǣƾҪȻֱѱȵ죬ǡҪǰУ
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ҶӦ֪Ըղ̫ףڽһҹʱڣҲû˳
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ƣһȥͷɫ޾ԭ
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һɫЩ죬һ£˵գллǵԮ֣ܹҶңһǵĶ顣
һξôܹ࣬³ݣһ㶼֣Цҡҡͷ㲻Ҫǵʲô飬ԼҪһˡ
˵մƳһǾޱ΢ЦС㣬ǲǿˣ
Ǿޱ˵ͷ΢ɲĵһ̾գһǵģһֱǵá
㶣ղ֪仰ʲô˼Ҳûж룬Цŵ˵ͷʹǰȥҪĸŮԶԶġ

ûж̶һһԭͻͷءȻ֪ЩʿԶ̶ͼıԺȴıҪҪΪ̶Щ޽в
ķΪŸ壬ֱΪġġġġġġġĺģʵΪۺŷͼڣĵɽΪʥؿ
Դӳĳɽɱ֮ľŸҲûͳһֱջһɢɳһֱûٳһ춯صǿʿʼûܹΪˮƹв
ЩΪܹӹн׵ĺҳˮƹͷƣǣ뾻ݴɽ׺ҳ֮ľһˡ
׺ҳΪµؾֻл֪׺ҳʿܹ׵ؼӳ뾻ݴɽ׺ҳ֮ԡ
뾻ݺͳһҲǳˣĳóΪܣϧĲֻһ壬Щ˲ϣ뾻ո¶ͷǣʼŵ뾻ʩѹн׵ĺҳҪ˻ȥ
Ȼ˲ģҲͨ˶֪һЩĵ뾻ƺҪΪ峤ˣľнո¶ͷǣֻҲùһʱҲǽͷö
һǰģյûд뾻ʲôΪ֪뾻ڵ鷳Ҫ࣬橡ǾޱĸŮֿ֮󣬼ձ򣬾ֱķȥ
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֮ǿƣǿ֮⣬Ϊ˵ʥɽ徳ڡ
˾ɽӼŵĳϡ
ʿɣΪ˶ŷǣʿؾҲףЩԸʿŵӵܡ
žɽУżΪĵλһ峤ѡģŵʿΪǵʹߣȹԪڡǬĵλҪ
͸ΪĶ˾ŵĳϣûĻӦþɽ
չһ˳ɽɽµʱ̧ͷңңһɽ;ɽɽƼߣԶԶȥľһͷľǡ
ɽɽ½ͷųɽɽųɽϻȥȻƶɽɽĲһĲͻȻ֣һ赲ļǰС
ɽΪĵʥɽһЩ谭ʿӵΪ棬ɽϵ谭괳һ£ȻӦбһǿķ
ͬʱǿϢٿشɽɽһžһ
һϢųһֱ̫յĸоһϢɽ·𶼺ȻƴׯµɱֱӴɽһЩɽʿ񾪲̲ס̧ͷ졣
һվĻɢֻҪһͷųջ
ڴʱ
һаϢͻȻСеԪð˳һϢа񣬾Ȼһ˲ҡֱϣһͷ㼯һ𣬺ɽһɳԿ
ȻһͻȻʶһɴԪðϢջǣһȻԺȻպɽƺŽⲻĳޡ
ǻǵԪգƽＧնоԪյϢڣһβ֪ǲУյϢȻֱӴԪð˳ֵɽӴѹ
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һ޴Ȼɽըһ쳹֮䣬˶һһЩʵ΢ˣĤۣ˶Ѫ
һͻȻʶɽ˾ԼӦ˵ģƴһԼ꣬ææ˻һյϢȻģͬһԪ֮С
ûоһǼ䣬ľˮԼ̫¼֮˲Ϊһ壬еϢһʧ١
̧ͷһɽȻּӰӴһɽɫ΢䣬ûмϢȥȻԶȥ
˵Դźҳ˺֮ľҲûгֹﵽ۷֮ǿߣ˵׵ĺҳ˰۷֮Ź֮ʮ֮ؾ壬ʧȥҳ׵ˣ޵۷֮
һɽϴɱ䣬˽޵۷֮ĳɱ֮⣬˳ɱǸʱڵİʿ֪׺ҳܵİʿ˸ɾһ겻
ȻոһԶϢȴųһȵİԵֻ̫Ҳ̫İ۷֮ǿ߲ܹеϢְԵޱȵϢϸӦ
Ҳ˵ɽѾ޵۷֮ʿˣ뾻ݴɽ׵ĺҳĵȷȷãڶ̶ʱھһ۷֮ĸֳ
ѹһʱĴŵոѪɽǰ͸ҲҰĲڶ̶ɱˡ
ʿɽлһ޵۷֮ǿߣռǽԪҲԺһ޵۷֮ǿ߿⣬ǹ壣ûе쵽ɽ
ҪԸ͸ţֻܹ
Ԫ֮ڵյϢ֮ԻͻȻðźŵĳйأհ롣
ģŵԸıһ峤֮⣬ΪΪٹ̵ǿʿɡ
Ȼ֮⣬Ļһʿͬ£Ǿţ
ŵͬʿؾֻ붾涾Ϊ飬һŶùȻͬųֵһžͽаħַ
ΪŵĴڣֻ׹ٲ֮أôʼռֶŵĴѹŵҲǿŵĹ֮Ȼزأȴһֱûж˸
ȻȣĲʵӰԶԶܶŶֻܹأŵĴѹ֮¹Ӳд
ֱ壴ɽɽľŲʿɱҽǸʱڶŵİʿ𣬰Ѿ׵ĺҳ֮ŲŸı˶صĿء
һڶʿɱǶʱʵǰҲûԸšǸ׶ΣڵȵǧѷʱͽὫ׳
Ϊ̺ڶŵİʿһɱĵڽкܴһ˽ŵˣճΪŵ֮˺ŷͥơ
ϧĵĵԶ󼰵ģžһʱ֮վĴϼ޵֮һǰŵĺӲò;ͣ
ȻյĽŲȻͣΪشҲܹĶԸţҲΪĵڶʿɣһһЩϿǵĴڡ
ЩպŵļȻֹһνֹĳޣֳӡǣȻһӦ񹫵ϢʹԪвһð˳
һ뷨Ժйһ飬н˶ƣӰȵɽߣܿʧӰ١

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ſһ֧֧ۿɼϸСΪĳ˷Ʈݳȥ겨Χн䶼ǡ
һмӰɽһ˺Ȼڶ̶ֹĶ˾͸ţЩ˽Χ룬һüͷ塣
üëͷȫɫ繵ܲˣһ˫ȴɫҲǼޱȡ
һҡҡͷһɻ૵ˡ
գ̫ܰɣ˵Ѫɽɱ𣿡͸ͬɻЩ
ߣһɶζϲãһòµһһľŹʿ֣ûʲôܹɱܹ˻в٣Ҫɱϵ죡
ΪȻһټֶǰﲻɣĪǣһͻˣ͸ž
пܣɫһɢȴѰһϢнˡҹɽһƾ̣ҪˣҶСһ㣬ջˣſ϶һʱǵĴѹ
ˮƹǱô죿͸ɫһ࣬Ѫɽɱ䣬ˮƹµĶǵƣҪǣҪǹѧǰһϣǺã
˻һԱЩŵĳϣһɫѿޱȡ
һƳ˰͸һۣ˵ֶԳʩѹҪѹ뾻ڳţ
͸ɫһ䣬æҡͷ޴£
û飬Ǽǵã׺ҳɽģ˵壾ͿС˳ˣиʲộû񹫺һֵţܹǺɽǱߵļìܣûкɽʵ֮ǰǶ׼𣿡
֪ˡ͸ŵͷ
ţһ£õĻᡣ΢΢˵ͷʵ̶ǱߵҪòܹã
һᾡ죬һαһСƻˣϣٸһЩʱ䡣͸ɫ³
һСӶˣ͸ţԽԽˣþ콫̶鴦ãϵλãŲŲˡһ
Ϸģһᾡ촦ö̶Ǳߵ顣͸ųϻ̳Ͽ֣æ֤
ٸʱ䡣񹫳˵һ䣬Ȼһɳ죬ɽȥ
뿪֮󣬰͸Ҵ뿪ȴǻɽ

ɽ뿪֮󣬼Ϸһͣεָں߮һЩӨʯͷչҫ⣬ʶĿΪ
ΧҲһЩɽͣЩɽߣǧɵĳɽȣЩɽֻܹΪ
ȻЩΪСɽȴΪҪһݵ㡣
ΪԺյļ䣬ŵһҪһ˽Ķö࣬Դӹһɽվͽ𽥷չΪʵ̫󣬼պճˣҲֻܹڰ
Щ͵ֵСɽ壬Χ룬ЩСɽɽпգһֱͨص඾涾ݶֲǶһЩҲǱ߳פƽﶼڵص֮Уٴ߳
ţҲ֪徳ڻôһŵľݵ㡣
һΪεɽͱڴͣƽϾһ⻬ʯͷͻȻһһ⻬ƽʯͷͻȻȥ
֨ƽʯڣͻȻѿһһ˽ĶѨ
΢΢һЦĵձԶɣټϱ׷ô꣬СģŻһֻͨͨͨŵ֪ˣͨ˿֪ˣǱ
ͨխֻܹһ˿нһͨ棬ŵһ֮Żζһɹɫãխ֮ͨУֻһЩко޶
аһĵյޱȣԼ޾ٶȻ˿֪֮ͨҲ˾޶СĽѾһ̬ĵزͷŵ޴ڡ
ӵĲֻǳһСԯѪ΢΢һ£ջȣЩڵľ綾ȫ˳ȥûмѨرգҡһһ洵棬ڶѨеĶȫһԡ
ȡһɫߴϣڽӴڷһһɫɳۣ룬žžһӴ죬Ҳ˱仯ռıյ̬
òӦò⣬һȽѰ죬һϸȥԺյļ䣬һڶѨڲϵ
һζյļԺиֿй˽Ŀͺ壬ϺԱȣյ˵ţԼķ𽥱ɳ
ԴһڻҰɽԪ齫һħ֮ͷֿͨԪеĻƬˣΪˣܹõյĻǼƬΣҲͶĻһ˽⡣
ڻջƬεͬʱҲ֪Ļ˵νֻ֮ǰûгԹˣһԣŷĻʵҪףѨ֮УԣȻûлѶ೤ʱ䣬ͽսѧ˸һ޶
ȿȡż⡣
˵ͷϸϸһԼȷûʲô֮Žֻ֪ͨرաʯһأͨڼȭͷС̱ʯȻֳͨеɭɲ
ְһĵյ۵ʵ̫ҪͨŪùɭɭֻ֮£ŻģߣȻԲ
ֱͨͨճڵ룬ͨһðͷʱ򣬺Ȼ洫ߴߴĳ
ʦڣ˭׼䣡һͻȻ
ܹ˵ĻļգȻҲöĻһ£վ֪潲ӦյĴͽ׌H
ͨƽķʯǣд𵶵ȣŶ泳ʲô
ѾˣŶ׷ᣬֻнȡһЩҩܹŵͣ׌HˣҲÿɣһˣҲ㶯֡һɡ
˭˵ˣУͬػӦ


198 ð
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תĺһõңֳ
棬׌HһűӵԣԱŵԹۣһЩվ׌H󣬸һЩɫĮűӵߵһ
һϤӰͻȻԾվȺ֮УһۣȻǰбĸŮҶơ
һպȻʶҶһпˡ橲ûж˵ҶƵ飬ҶƸҶΪ߻ħ֮ǰδʱҶҲöǱܹѡ
䣬ȻҲɣҶƶһô˽⣬֪δһЩյ׵أȻһ߶֮ǰվͲ²Ҷһš
һҶվǸűӵԣǲֻ֣üͷ
һϴյļ֪ǰ˭ˡ۽ף嶾֮һЫϡ
ִ۽׺׌HˣһдͻȻ˵ȵմ֮߳׌HϲæߵУʦڻˡ
ЩԥһЩŵˣһ˳ۿ׌HͰݣҲ˳ĸߺ
۽ɣƳһҶƣҶɫЩң۽΢΢üͷżһŵΪʲôһߣ洫ԣѪɽˣ⣬ôһ£
ߣƲƲ죬Ƶؿ۽ףԱɢ겻ľ磬ʲôܹҪ˱Щ˱ɣһΧңˣҲشˣԲŴڡ
۽ɻˣƺЩ̫żյݣһԥҪ˵Щʲôģ
Ыϣո˵Ҫ䣿ģǱˣҪ䣬Ҳһأѵ
ŵŶķмֶҩƾϣŵĶȵУֻһܹڶнҳ
Ϊ˷ֹﶪʧһ򶼴ĵطƽճסһطʹ֮У۽Ҫõǰ䣬ȴܵ׌H
ΪЩ㲻Ϣ˳һʱŶƵ֣Ѿʧ֣ҪЩ䣬һЩܹǹ˼ɵĶҩ֧Ų̫ʱ䣬ԣԲŻôȣĪ֡۽ȻЩɻ󣬲նйضôе߰˷ˡ
ŵзִ磬㲻ضǡһΪЩ⣬Ҿԭ³çˣһһ಻鷢ĪҲߵ
۽ͷӦŵ΢΢
ţȥɣԸŵƣŪ״֮Ȼ֪ͨ㡣˻֣ͷ
۽ûж˵ʲô˼һۣת˳ȥҶɫƳ˼һۣҲ۽׵
ô£㲻˵յȷϢѾѪɽɱΪʲôֻˣյʲôϢһǱ߳۽ͻȻҶơ
һ۽׷ŭԱЩ۽׵ĵһ¶ֻ飬һ˻ߺߵ˾սթסģһλûвȻŭҪȻǷҪùɡ
ҶƲˣкܶ˲
ҶƲΪ⣬ֻߵ۽׽£ϻ̳ϿֵҵϢѪɽӦôˣУЩĻˣҲ˵˵ѪɽɱϢӦû
һ£Ҷ̧ͷ۽ףһ᲻ʲô⣿
۽üͷһͻȻһЦʵһֿԣǾѪɽʱȷˡܹ˵һҿԴң˵ݲ١
ʲô˼ҶƴװͿɻʵ
ģӦôˡ۽׺ٺһЦͷɢ겻ľ磬ȷȥ˻ٵǵǺпܣҪǶһߣǰԸǽжѾŭ϶ô뿪֮ôҿû㹻Ըң֮ʵ½ûиʮؾԻָ
ǺûᣡҶɫһϲæЦ
۽˵ͷٺٹЦŰɣǶΪܹĻָҪȥһˣʱзִ硭
ʦӢҶæķУһϡ
ȻҶƵǷǳɻһΪó۲ˣһʱδΪҪԸյԵʣ찵й۲żգڼÿһ΢Сϰ߶Ź
ոֻǿһͻȻƺЩԾϤĸоֻôҲΪջ仯һһʱû󵽡
δ͸ڶ̶Ǳûʲôջ񣿡Ҷü˼ʱ۽ʡ
͸ڶ̶飬ڶ̶¼ʬ֮⣬ʲôûеõҶƹش
˵ͷ۽Цˣܺãɣȿµʲôٶȷǲǲ²
۽״ҶƻЩͽͽûܿһݵ뿪ˡ

ʦ̫ˣ㲻ڵЩӡ۽뿪֮׌HȲؽһʱ䷢ŵһһ򼧳ջ㱨
һԲֻǳĬ׌HĽһʱŵ˽⡣
ѪɽɱϢ֮ȻûзŹһζԸŵټŸ֣Ĵ׷ɱˣȵ˶ء
ΪղڣϢҲЩѪɽĵӴݿĻ̻̣Σʧȥִ֣û˼ſ⣬ᶾ˼
ŵ˭ܹĶȫгɣ˭ʸΪһΪĪջһ˼Ķǣһ߶ŵ׷ɱ
ʱ䣬ֻЩյźŲ࿹ʧҲǡЩԽʧأϷ˼Խŵ״۽Ҳֱ׳Ҫˡ
׌Hҧгݵؽ򼧳ջ㱨һ飬޺ȻʦϼһһûкģһˣҿҪͷͷϼһǲúöԸţֻ뷽跨Ҫ䣬Ǹ
ţ֪ˣҵĺ嶾ȥȵȺҪȥһˡյ˵ͷ׌HԸ
ʦǣ䣿׌Hһɫһϲʦ׼һսɣ
ô࣬ҵķԸλϸڶȵšһһ֮󣬴ȥһ˶ȡյȻ
֪ˣʦȥ졣׌Hæͷϴ뿪
ȥɣʲôʲôͷػ˻֣·ҡ
һĳȣЩѶŵˣǸ˾ģеĸ𶾳еĸһԾ˵ҩݣĥۣ˻
յĴ£Щ귢չٶȺܿ죬һЩרŵˣΪŸ𶾳涾ݵֲ˵벻涾ҩֶֻԣЩŵŻ޹˼ɡ
ò˵ʵŵһֲţͳڼ䣬Щרֲҩݺרķָŵ˸˾𣬰ŴľȻʹʵԽԽǿʢ
ڼյĻʾ֮£Щۼˣɢ
ҵУհһ͹Բʯһ䳨¹ر
ȫ֮󣬼ڹ⻬ǽ治ϵô֮䣬Щ⻬羵ǽͻవÿһ֮жƿƿ޹ޣװһЩۣһЩˮһЩ̡
ŵĶԷΪ֣һ־۽ԶΪϣֱߡЫ֩롢ܡ򼣬ǵڵľѪһĶ
Ʃ۽ףѡΪ޶ЫӣķȡָĶҩιǣһЩǲ綾ޱȣһ޼᲻ݡ
ö֮⣬һöҩķ¸ָĶҩݶֲԼ֮ڣԼһˣһķ
ȽöЫһĶԣԼΪ˵Ϊˣ޵֮󣬾֮ҲȫǾ޶һԽԷĻȾöԷӰε궼ж
һָӹ񶾵ĶձľһֶֶԼԶöˮۡԺ޹˼ɣһ㲻õЩ޶ԼʲôӰ졣
һ޳һĶˣΪԶڵԪҲǶأԴһЩҩˮ֮ȡԽǾ޶ޱȵĶҩ֮õҲԽ֮ĶˣֻҪ㹻ĶҩʳָٶȽޱȡ
ָŪ䣬һƿƿ޹֮УƳһЩƿ֣հľԺյļ䣬ȻЩƿƿ޹Ķζʲô
ܹҵĶÿһо޶Ϊܹ˲յݣҪʩչһЩΪǶ˵ԭֻܹЩƿƿ޹޵Ķҩ
ΪһԯҲ޾ٶҪȻҲܹðա
һƿƿ޹֮ڣӲϵػյļ䣬ѰЩܹʩչҩĶ˳ҵ߶ЩҰеƿƿ޹ޣһеĽӴʧ
ΪջԶԭö˼ɣһܹҩͷųȥûô£ֻܹѰһЩʺʩչҩĶһԺļ䣬ҴһʺͷŶҩķ
ʮָɣһͷŶҩĶνʮָɾʮָ裬ҩָ֮ڣʮָĸ΢Ķָ׵Ķҩųȥʮָһֶúˣܹڽս֮ϢⲼֶҩ
Щǰٶֵʿ˵սлëһմ϶أִԵġ
ʮָֻһʩַȽͨë׺ŶֶȻǶԼ˵Ϊʺϵģˣ֮Уʼϰʮָؼ
ֶֻҪʩչַϰǲѣֻǼʱ䣬վʮֶָľָֻҪ΢΢ҩܹϢ׼ȷ䵽Ҫ䵽ĵص㡣
ۿʮָôһֶ⼸ֶҲһʩչҩĶƽｫҩͷ֮У˽ֵʱͷ˦Խͷ֮еĶҩֱ͵ϡ
ʮָһҲһ˷ʤʩֶΣΪȤַϰ·ʮָɻҪ򵥣ʮָɵļɣܿ콫˾ϡ
Ȼ䣬նһЩȤʱ仹δЩļ䣬ټţֱ㹻Ķҩϰ֮УϰһȤ²
δµӦҩˣȻԺչⷽļ䣬һԼ˵κ⣬ΪŵڸֶҩƷָƣЩ˼Ժеһ֣ȻȻҲΪҩҡ
ֻǻ˰ʱ䣬ŵĶַձ죬жôĶҩˮֻ̣ҪԸ⣬һ򶾴ʦõ۽ǵ顣
еĶҩռΪУսĶҩչһ֮ڴһصİнȡ˳
һƴСƣͨīɫּأ֪ʲôɡ
඾ݣǶߡЫ֩롢򼡢嶾һ߶ݣһ߶棬ŶֲͬЩ涾ݶ䶾棬Ķϡ
䵽УȻúðһȥҲûзʲôֻ֮ǾðƴСһ̫һ㣬кɻƾƳġ
ڣմ׌HƺһֱڵȺһ߳ӭʦ𣬰ķԸϣڶȵȺˣʱӦѾ˶ȣǲҲˣ
ţ׼һ£ȥһˡյ˵ͷ
׌Hɫһϲʵʦ𣬾ˣ
ţ͹ˣлǵ˰֣㲻صʲôֻҪţгЩ˾ҪҵĻհȻ
ʦǣô죿׌Hʡ
˭ģҾе
ʦӡӻָˣ
ٷϻȥ˶ȾˣҵҪǲҺΪС
׌HͷɫϲڵʦеӣոջʱʦڶԴ۽׵ʱ̫һ㣬׌H²϶ˣһʱڵĵŻָ

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Ǳض涾ݵСɽȣɽɫĶܹЩĲݳ棬Ȼо޶
ģȶһ̸֮ɫ׵أɽһġ
Ȼɽһ̸طʱıȴȻͬ˵ɽʱ˶ֳһݵ飬˵𶾹ȵʱη塣
ŵ˺֮ǰ֪ҪһطںŵĶУȻֹһҪΧţÿһŵ˶ʧء
ȵǶƲɢɫĶǶĻݲǶ΢СĳҲǻԶ
ŵһɱȵʱŵûһܹ뿪ŵĴԣ֮ЩǾŹ˶һ
ʵ֤ڶȵĴԲ鹹мԳ־İʿ׷ɱ˵ʱȡ
Ȼһ⣬Щ޵֮Ÿ֣һѲȵľ綾档
鷢˶֮ҲԶˣڴ͵ʱҲ뵽ŵ鷳ҲΪŻжһϿأôȻʼմ·磬ȴһֱûбŸ
ɫƣˣֻҪԶԶСᵽһЩᵹز
ЩŶˣ粻붾ȣֻܹΧһ
Ҷƾڶһ鰵ɫݵţһĻһЩ۽ߵˣҶĿڣǰɫ֮еĶȣЩ˷ܡ
һڴӶǱƮݳĶҶһʶЩһĶȴĶ档
һлӽȵҶƣѧЩŵĵһԶĶķεУԼĶ̺֮ĶɢݵԼ֫ٺ֮С
ҶߵǶ·ӣһָĶ̲Լ֮УȻҶƵľȣʮǧҶܹеĶ˱ڶҲСгɾˡ
һž㹻ĶҩݻӻΪٶ죬пܳЩνš
Ҷ֪ҶΪ߻ħѡҪĶΪͽٶȣűųΪаħҲԩ
̰˼ҶƸоβЩʱ򣬲ͣԶգԶԶڶڴվ۽ףҶ䣬֪Щʲô˼
ȻҶǲʲôæͷһԲ
ʱ򣬼մ׌HԶߵļ۹׼һۿǱߵҶƣ΢΢üͷ
橡Ǿޱ˺޲ýҶǧУȴȻ۽£ܹܳ˲ܹ̣ͣ¶񶾲ֶΣԲһ׶Ը
橡ǾޱɱҶƣѱȵ죬Լյ۹Ҷܹ踺ػ۽ԣ϶ͼ˵ʹŵԸ橶Ҷҡ
лᣬǰǽҶΪ˻ϣǸճŶȥʱ氵뵽
ҶƵͷȴƽΪʲôῴңӦôҲŶԣҵĿȴ⣬һһҲѵ˵ҵļƻбԭ
Ҷ飬һ˵ݸ۽ףڶ˵İںԼ뷨Լļƻʹ㣬Ǳ۽ԣΪǳ͵Ӧ˵עŵ֪ΪʲôעҶЩ
ˡ۽׹һЦʲôûзһӭԶߺѾȺһʱˣˣ̫ˣֻҪܹǾͿԶŷˡ
ĸϺ۽һ׷׳ż񣬶߳ϡ򼳤ϡ֩볤ϡܳ䶼Сˣǰ磬ƤһǷǳ죬ڻŷǳ
Ҷˣţܺãǽȥɡյ˵ͷ׌HԸһ䣺档
׌H׵ͷһߡ


199 ֮
׌HȻյĴͽܣҲûʸ붾ȣЩڶȲ֮⣬Ҳֻϣʸȡ
ɫƲһѹڹڣڶ֮УһֳصѹûһᵽЩŨ֮жûѵĿԡ
ŵİʿ׷ɱ˵֮һȻë׶պˣûܹӹжĶˡ
ս붾ʱһʼлЩģԼҲֵܹڵľ޶ȻһԼ岢û̫ҵķӦԺŰ
ϰչظ棬΢΢ʹͷĿżյıӰһ˸֪Щʲô˼
ǶĶ֮УǶݶ棬ҲһЩŵ˻һϺʹߵļսЩ˶һ㶣ЩֵشΪ׵ļա
ǵ飡һ˻ге
ЩеˣһյԶԶһгеϿ϶˼յݣһʵʵԱ߻ǲժݣι档
ܹڶˣȫǾ޶ߣҴ඼֮ϵʵǳڶ֮УΪΪĶ棬ֲЩѪľ޶ҩ
ΪŻжôһأڵĸֲܹȱĶ涾ݣʹĸֿԽѸ١
ϣյ˶ȺһƽʯڿͣǰʯڿĶ棬Щ䶯ӣʯڿţһ˿һۣ̲סͷƤ顣
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һϲһԲȽ˶ڣҲǾϲڵС
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۽ŵĳϣһ˫˷ܵض߲ϵ©ǰ뱭ɫҺζĿе̰֮ɫ˿Ρ
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һˣǶʴʣҲͣؿŹͣ޵۷֮Σǵĳ̣ø³ǲоŹʿֵġ
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ڼ䣬ûоԸ񹫣ҪȻҲҾչԼʵŴɱ䡣
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͸ôһ˵ڻȻˣ۽׵ıѲΪģҲΪԼֻΪĶšŤһţĻҪһͳӵΪӣֻҪšűҪΪ֮Ȼ
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ʺɳŵĳϣڵ֪²۽ס͡͸˵Ķ֣ɱϢ˶Ҳ˵һЩջԺһЩֶʺɳӦҲΪסŻ᲻ôꡣ
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ԴǳϿңϵȰ˵ʡɳҪ˵Ҳʵ֣ʡɳȻ֪һΪĵĴЩԲԣҲ޷ԥʼ²˾ġ
͸ţ۽ףǼǰ̶ʲôƽͻȻһοʵ
͸Ŵĸ֣۽׵Ķڶ̶ûԶԶ̶ͼıᣬÿ԰ʸ
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ô֪ȥ̶͸ųʵ
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͸һǱߣҲˡ
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֮⣬ɢϢ˵̶̶СǺˮ˵Ǻˮʯ԰ʿͻƾŹ֮׿гЧһùڼͻƵŹ֮ɢϢ֮˵
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۽ס͵ԤıһУ춾ֻ֣Ҫɰ͸ųȥ񹫱ɣһ͸ſ϶а취λã߹ͽִƣôһšŶֵܰѳ֣ĵսֹͣһ죬ˮƹʱ̡
һ뷨Ժйһ飬նһ˵ıŪˣʡɳҡڲ۽ס͡͸Χ룬Բųȥ
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ʲôˣԽˡͶ԰͸ʹ˸ɫʾһǧܹ飬׿һʡɳ΢΢һЦϿҵһ٣бλӦѲʺλá
ʡɳ˲ֻü˼Ҫȷǲѻ٣ܹ¶ĵҪҪ۽һѡ
Ŷ꣬Ѿģʡɳûȷղ֮ǰֱɲܹ¶ġ
ΪˣʡɳҲΪϤƺ֪˵뷨ЦЦͳŰ͸˵ͷʾ͸ȶ֡
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͸ųһһʼûн֧ҫרõļʸϣȡһ֧ҫ֮ϣ֮乭
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͸һ͡۽סʡɳˣĿȫһ˲ڼϣ˼һ£Ҫǰ˵ǲǶա
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ҫ˳𣬵ҫ۹â乭֮Ի谵ʯ֮ڣҫĹâ貴Ŀһ֧֧ʸ˼ա
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͡۽ˣһ߰ʡɳһעŰ͸ŶԼյĽƣۿղϵ˱ܣ͡۽ԽԽԼж׼ȷǰĸԣȴġ
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һţһ˿˿˿ЩǧӰγɵĻӰ͸űϾŰ֮Ϊſ֮󣬻ǽǧӰγɵĻӰֱˡ
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Ϊڶȵ˽ҪԶԶˣڴŶ֮ܵУͲжԸڳѱֶΣЩֶβѣһʩչȻҪá
͡۽סʵˣȫĺ֣ܹڶɳ˵ÿһ裬ΪŶһĳϣӦ¸ֶҩ̲Ŷԡ
ȻЩɫһһ˲䣬ɫֵĹ͡۽סʵˣȫЩɫ̼ΪֲǻëպϣЩܹͨƤĽӴ͸֮С
Щɫֱ̼޴ӵ޶ĸ֣֮ڱͻȻһ˿˿Ƕֱ治ʲô͵ĶأЩؾԼһ㣬ǵѸӿǵ֫壬ڵԪ
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óˣĶ֪κһֻ֣ܹ֪ض֮һÿһȻ޶ȴһض֮޼ƿʩҡͷ̾Ϣһʹļ׵ģ
֪ˣǱûб˼ոֻȨ֮ߣǱҪѰΪЧġһƲһתͻȻԼտధ
͡۽ס͸ɫ΢䣬ȻʶƼյͬʱҲƣǷ׷жʱʡɳҪǺͬЭпڶʱڽס
Ȼʱʡɳһվǵĵж棬֪һνһͿء
ʣɳյĺӦֻҪֳôһķ֮⣬ŹǡӦ֪ڲɱǣҲΪǽⶾֻôһɱȵ
ŵĳϣƻ󣡡ɳԴǵĺǳ˹һ䣬ͻȻϥ·żȥ
Ϊǽⶾɳߺ
ɳϥǴڼѵ˼ǰʱͻȻԾֱż
ͣ۽ף͸ţ춯֣ʡɳ


201 Դ֮
ʻɳǳյΪˣʺɳѴߵļյգ֪رԲа㱳֮٣ոʡɳȻѾ˱֮⣬˵뷨ǿ϶Źǵġ
ʡɳ֮ǰһֱԥҲΪ֪յ飬˾ܾյһǾ֪ԼҲû·
ϥǴƶԵ˻ȻѣҲȲѡ
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ˣ͡ʵһûвöҩķʽȫΪֱܹƻķʽ֡
͡۽סȻȫ޶˹׻һʿܹεµİʿ㲻κζڱѾԺš
ʡɳȳ֣»֮ҫĿ⻪Ϊ֩롢ֶ̬򼧳ա
һĳȻżӭ۽׳һһɫļųܼΣӼͷ
͸Ųˣеҫңң򼧳գ֧СǼ˲ϹңûԥǼɳ̶ĺХȻʯ˺ѷε
ʡɳȳ֣͡۽ס͸Ժһ֣͡۽һ־ȫ򼧳գֻа͸ź󳷼ԶĵطŹ
˳֣Ȼ򼧳յģȻ֣Զİ͸š
ҫ֮Ǽһ춼ǹ⣬һ֧ɳǼ˲ʧ٣ֻһƬӰǳ
һ˲䣬ʯڹâ䣬֮ϵ췱Ƿ·ͻȻ׹䷲ȫżк
ֹסһǿ֮ľ㤸УͻȻ䣬վȻѰǼλãֻԼ廹궼ǳ֮һζܣ췱׹еδܸС
Ǽһ޴ӵĸо¼ռǻأ
עǰУմûκһʱ侲Ĺ켣˶ǣһѭɵٶȣͻȻʮ
ɲǼ䣬к췱ǣеٶȻʮŻ
Ŀǳ֮Ȼ࣬ͫһѼ΢СâͻȻۿȥ
һ˫˫Ȼһ˿˵ı亮⣡
췱֮Уһֳָ֧С֮ڵ㷱ǹ⻪֮󲻶ϵرλã֮˸䣬Сټס˾ѷټ

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һ˫˺۵֣һСɵɫذףֱӻһֳָ֧Ǽ֮ϡ
еǹһ˲ʧ٣һ֧µǼɫذһײһ֮Ҳǰžડһء
ǼĪĹƣô似Ƶ
һзڵʯ֮䣬˸켣Ǽ֮ʡɳĹ٣͡۽˲ſ嵽ࡣ
ͫһӰͻȻûһѱٵӰʯ֮ڣ˲ʮ̬ļգʯ͵س۽׵ȥ
ԭҪԸյ۽סʵˣһӱЩ֪ˣĿûʧȴһӶʮ̽ӰٵǣֻܹʱĹòεزȡơ
͸ţСģ۽׾һ
Ⱦ̽Ӱʵ۽ףȻлŵӰֻһ΢֮Ļֻһ͸ŵӰ֮Ԫͻǲ
յĿֳҫİ͸ţ
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Ǽͬ¼ȫȻûصͼΪԵ͵ľá
һǰԵ֮޿ɱܣ
ѪͻȻһ̣ͻȻԼҲԼݣԯ֮Ѫӿʱҫġ
һµƣҫʵһڼͷų˭İ֮һɣһӳ֮дʯ¡¡֮죬ӲʯͻȻһ˿˿ơ
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Ѫʽ֮ݿ࣡
ʯ֮ڣŨҵѪζ֮ŻѪ˹ʯûһ̣ʯΪѪܹѱϯûˡ
͸¼ӴѪ˸ʴĵȻ޴棬Ǽ³һ¼Ҳ׹ڵأеѪȥ
ˣѪԴݿ֮һǰȵİ͸Ҳûлͷųռ͸о޶γ֮ɫ԰ֽѪʽĴݿ֮ϣ͸ֻܹʹȫѪ˵ɣҲûԵľ
Ѫ˷һԸΪ͵ͷػҫ֮ڣʯ»ָֻ֮͸ǶϵصĴϢϾżտը
ǰĸ򣬷ֱվڹ͡۽סʡɳˣĸһɫ԰ף죬Ǿƣ
ףѪʽĴݿȻͰ裬ǹ͡۽סʡɳ˵ƣҪΪڵضģѪʽȻǼձ粻ûһʿһ˵Ŀܡ
㲻գضżգǾóеĹ붾йأԲóôͰԵ⣬մõǶˣЩϰҲģ
㵽˭ǹͣ۽סʡ͸šɳĸˣҲʱһȵ
ǲɵӼյĹֶУǿ˿õļգĶˣҲмôԵƥ
µ񣬼֪ҲûıҪˣЦЦժҲա
㣡͸һ˹ģָżվ㣬ôΪʲô㣬Ϊʲôܹðգ
˭ѯʡ
Ҳ֪˭δʱƻǵļƻҪֹ˵ѾЩ޵Ŀ£̶ָĵرˡ͸еľƣҲ󲻵ðյġ
͡ʡɳ˲̫ڶ̶Ǳ߷飬һɻ󲻽ı顣
۽һ֮ͻȻɫһ䣬е㣬Ǽһԯգ
˻һ͡͸ŷסˣؿ۽ףôܹ϶ġ
պЦͷǼաҶƺһ۽ܹ³һҶ͸¶ġ
ôܹðգΪʲôеУʡ
һȻЦݣղŲæУԵ֮ҴǶõһЩܣ˶ŵ״˽⡭
ȫضʱϵԽöԽǲղĸһЩͣΪʱӳǵԽԽֱڵĽԪضӰ죬ջá
ô赭дĽͶŻôġ
һͻｲ֮󣬹촽񰵵޹⣬ûһ㾫к϶İ͸ţȻվŵûˣ񱳼ǽڣࡣ
Ǻԩ޳ΪʲôҪĻǵĶԸǣ۽ʡ
ɨ˰͸һۣһ̾͸Ҫ̶滨ݣȴ̶֪ҵĵطе޶ҵѣҪٻҵļ԰ɱҵˣҵȻǺù
һԲɫԽԽѿ۽һ仰֮Ҳٶѿࡣ
һ͡۽סʡɳһۣȻᶨͬʱһ԰׵ɫͻȻһӡ
֮ϣȻðݳߡЫ֩롢ĻĸһʯںȻߡЫֱֱĸһ˲䣬͡۽סʡɳеĹʶʧ
ΪеĳϣȻһ׶еͻȻðĳߡЫ֩롢ĸǹ޵꣬Ĵһż
ϵضܹӰǽڵԪȻȴӰε겻ãΪʿΪҪıԴͬŹĪĹĹԷֵġ
֪ϵضԼԽڲһзһҪͨĹü޴ֵһŤתơ
͸ŽڽʣһЩ߷һѪ֮ϵĲ԰ײôˣôʱ͸һνҫңң׼˼ա
֪⽫һλᣬֻгŹǹʱ֣пڼӦӲϾڼ佫ռȥռֻ֮Ҫռһ˵ܹ
ҵȵڣǵһǹȻûʧͻȻЦСԪ͡۽ףȥˡ
Ԫɹ⻪ͻȻ͡۽סʡɳһסˣԭҪյˣֻǱӰεľסʹܹӾѳ
Ԫ黺ɵ˵룬ɹ⻪֮£˵һıԪĹ⻪ԪУŤһ˺ѷεĺţϧȴ𲻵һá
͸ռŴϹңͻȻƴ䣬Źռȥʱһɫذ׺ХĲ
͸ؿذ׳ŲϧֽȴʧȥҲãһŴͷ­ʱ򣬰͸Żûһ㷴Ӧûһʹĸо
ԪĹ⻪ڷͷ­еİ͸ŵ꣬ҲδӳԪĿ˱͹͡۽ǵһ͸ҲԪ룬Ļᶼˡ
֮䣬͡۽סʡɳ͸֮ǿߣͱԪ齫ߣʧȥˣ԰޹⣬еȫʧ
ȫɱвûһ⣬һжԤ֮УӶ׌Hһ𣬹ǵʵѾעһֻŵָơ
۽׼˸սǾѰ·
ǲҪʰǻЩѣҪǼûһ뷨ȫݣվӵԪ飬Ҳܹһ򾡡
ϧȫ߹ûϵյרŶԸľˣóף궼ȡʲôûܹߡ
Ԫ齫˵֮ԪֱһЩЦЦֱߵ͸ԣֽ̧ҫڳһȦְ¼ǼҫռһװӴС
룬һֹȥ͸š͡۽סʡɳ˵ĽӴһһΪʿӸλӴеı϶һ򾡣ʲôûзŹ
۽ȡǰ뱭춾Ȼģ۽ദĻǵı㣬ȫգԼҲδһֻ˵ãǡǡ˼ˡ
ļȥյû˽Ӵеıһһȡųȥ֮̽뷨û˽ӴеıȫȷҲûκмֵ鱦Ժ󣬼ȡһɫСƿƿеɫҺÿ˵ıǿ׵һ㡣
ܿ죬жİʿɫҺ֮ѸڣһƤͷȫִҺڣһҶû
ۿѨһлָص˵ͷ׼Ԫ֮뿪
̧ͷ׼Ԫ븹УͻȻɫ΢䡣
֪ʱԪǰʧˣһպȻЩ֪룬۾ϵʯѲӣȴûзԪټ
ЩˣԽǻңԽǲܹľԽǲܹӦԪλá
Ȼ״̬æնԺҵԼ½硣
ͫ΢˫Ȼ⣬ζסǰ©״Ķ䡣
оĳʧԪ飬֪ʱȻ©״Ķ֮ڣԪ鵽Ƕ©֮УյԴ͸俴棬ȻܹԪټ
ȻЩ֣յҲûж룬ƽϢԪϵһ𣬴ط塣
֮ǰվͺԪϵֻҪһԪᰴжΥ
ȻȴЩ⣬´һͷ֮Ԫ龹Ȼû뷨Ӷзɳͣһ
ЩѽȻŸӼͷ֮ǰͻȻչһԿֲĸת
ɲǼ䣬յһκε΢ϸ仯ƺܹӳԺ֮УܹոձԪеĹ͡۽׼˵꣬Ԫ鴫ĵĺ
֮еͻȻŴˣֻ΢Сѱƺһӱɼ
һɼӶд˳һ࣬Ҳܹʶ޻ֲΪ΢Ҫ΢ٱǼһϢе̬ѷһ΢ѱĲ
㣬˭ӵǸ΢֮괫˹
վһ񣬺ȻȤŽԼϢҲΪ΢ĵزͶ֮еǸ΢֮ͨ㡭˭
ңҲ֪˭ǡǸ˴ġԴ֮Ǹ뿪˺ܾúܾãҲ֪Ҵˡ
Ǹ˭
Ҳ֪˭ֻ֪ҪŪһûдڣ뿪ˣѾܾúܾˣȴһֱתţһֱҪͽҲ֪˶ã֪Ҵˡ
еƺ̫飬Էǳ΢Ĳ϶˵һЩģģĻ
ƿڵĶô£һԺͻȻʵ
˵˵ɵСƿ𣿡
ǵģЩҺ壬ʲô
ǣҵйǡǡҵƿӣǡŪõġ
й
۽סЩ뾡һа취ĻҪõ춾Ϊľ޶ųܹŹʿΪ֮ֻǣֻйֻ
ͻȻЦԷǵĸо
ԡԽҴŪ棬Ѿ˲֪꣬ҪȥҪ֪ʲôӣɡ𣿡е΢֮ӵʡ
룬ӦȺúġմѶȥüͷͻȻ


202 Ǹ˺
մû֮оȻһγɵ޴֪ǽƾ춾ҺʵվͿԿ϶еΪΣա
۽ס˵춾ŹʿԶɴ˿ɼ춾İԵܹй춾жô¼ֱ
ôһӶͷų֪´ʲôԼյĵҲðȻӦ
Դ֮ȻԳƱԴ֮һԶҺܹŹʿжϻʲôܹľ޶
ԼȻŰٶֵʣҲһҳܹŹʿ޴Ӷܵ춾һųпֵľǼգأҺ
ҪǴЩʲôУʲôΪʳ㵽ʲô̬⣬ΪʲôǲǶʲôһ⣬Ѹ˳
еƺûôҪش𣬺ȻĬȥ˺һڼԼǲѾӦĴڵʱǵ΢֮һδ
ңҲ֪һЩʲôǰǰһЩĶҲ֪Ӧóʲôˣ񻹶ڶҪȴֲ֪ӦóʲôĶҲ֪ԼʲôӣҴûджסңҲܹƿˡ
ʲôסˣ
Ƕ䰡
üͷһҡҡͷѶԲҲҷҲ֪֮󣬻ңʲôһҴûм̬ǺųƱԴ֮ҪˣҲ֪᲻Ϳ̿Ҳðգ
ΪʲôܹҳҲ˺˭㣬ҳ˭˺ģధ
ʯ֪ʱԲܹһԤϵδ֪һΣ䣬տܶûа취ֹöסҲǹ׼´ʲô
һ£վʹһνԪջ뿪ʯڡ
һŽԪջļգͻȻɫȻ䣬̲סʲô
ǶԪ˵ġ
֪ΪʲôԪȻۼһɿ͵ո߸֮Ըٷ̲һĶ䡣
Ԫ˹ħա۽׵˵ĻǣԪ飬̺֮ͻȻײ򶾵䣬һҪʲô顣
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䰲ȻǶţȻ֮һ΢ȴʱȻԪ֮С
ĿɿڴϻһεĺȻ
ˣԪ֮УջԪ飬Ԫշֱ治Ȼܹй춾Ԫ飬Ԫ᲻ʲô⣿
һţһʱ䲻֪Ǻá
лл㣬ллҳҡһһ»ܺãҺϲ»лл㣬Ǹ˺áԪ֮УȸԾϲѶϢ
·黹ǷˣպȻԼЩȻ
ڴʱһֱԸ¹Ԫ飬յתһȦ֮سżշ˹ԪĹ켣ӦǴһγȥˡ
ȻһëȻľУǰųԪ븹ļգʶĿʼܣܵҪԪĻԪػ֮С
ǰԪȻ˱һЩ꣬ȴûһ˺ȻһԳƱԴ֮ȴԪ֮ڣҺܹŹʿֵסŶôֲĶ
ղҿ϶ǲѾӰԪ飬ԪѳΪľ޶֮պ£ҽ˱˾޶Ԫ顣
к£Ԫ鲢һԪһԷٶѸٷԪϵЩԪһֱڣСھѪ֮䣬ԪϻڵľѪ
ջֶ̿ܣȴûܹӳԪĸ壬ԪСµһ䣬ĵ군ˣһӻԪ
ӽӲվǶϸԪ֮仯Ҫܹ춾úַʽԼԯѪѾ˾һĴ㡣
һշڲûз̫仯ȴûеģǱʶѾΪµľ޶֮Щɱ˵ʱ򣬻ò㷢ֵʱѾֻ·һˡ
ڼɾһΪֲľ޶
ʱȻȥˣպȻԼɰȻûһжס
ԪеѾӰԪ飬ʱʱ䣬ûжҲܹһʲôûиоȻ˵Ԫ鲢ûʲôͬ
ȻһڷԼʱڲж֮󣬼սԥһ£վٴκԪеǸԴ֮ϵ㣬棿
һıԴ̵֮ĻӦѽ棬ôˣȤЩۣҪЪЪˣͲ㽲ˣлл㣬ǺˡԴ֮ѶϢԽԽ΢ֱʧ
һ㶣ЦҡҡͷԴ֮Ԫ鵱У˵ʵǸĸ󻼣Ȼûа취Դ֮Ԫ鵱Ūֻؿ档
ˣʱôˣǸǻǻ㲻ҪôûʧҰοһղ̽һΧ۽׵ʬ廮ȥˮƺˣ˵ͷسʯ
ʯڣüһЩڶʯڰеûйԥȽԼһȡߣȻ˽ϵҲ˽Ӵ֮С
Щŵȫ뿪ʯԺ󣬳ʯֻϣֻһʯڻָƽ濴κζߡ
Ѿ½ߴļգŲỺ̵سŶȥ
أЩڶȵи𶾳涾ˣڶ֮֮һ˵ʹͷѯʡ
ҽŴУλ֪ʵãۿ˶һֶ֮λ϶һʱ䣬λ϶ޣһȵʱ򣬻ؿʯʱλ϶ɣǾͿԶŽзˡ
һݲȵƳЩڶӼû˻ɣһ¶ɫȻڶȾþӣȴûʸöʯڿһۣۼλдǶĽ
ϧԶԽʯ֮ڣҲԶ֪ĽλϣʱѾͷʣˡ


203 
׌HһֱڶȺȻ֪ڵʦգֻǶ֮ա
׌HΪյĵӣȻҲ٣۽׾ͱ¶ԼҰģȻƵ͵ҲڱһЩС׌Hף⼸λȨĳ϶˱뷨
һ˶ȣ׌HһֱļղܹȻ¶ڷʲôشʡ
ȼմߣһӶŨŨԳӵʱ׌Hһӭȥϲ̵ʣʦõ𣿡
šͷƳһԶҶƣȻȥ
Ǽλأ׌HͷŶȶƵŨһɻ
֮ǰԶ˵Ļظһ䣬Į߰ɣûʲôˡ
׌HٶԣڼҶЩ˾ɲĿ֮£뿪˶ȡ
յɱҶƣϧϵ̫࣬Ŀ֮²Ҷƿֻһʱ䡣
պ׌H뿪Щ۽ס͵µӾ׷ڶ£ѯʶеԼҵʦΪʲôûг
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Ҷڣۼڶ˶죬Ǹ󲻵ؼʱΪʲôԼҵʦ˻ôͻأǵľٶҪʲôʱܣΪʲôҪƫƫѡҪʱ̣
һЩ۽ס͵ĸ֪һ˵ļƻһ˵ĽͣһոռյľٶɫȻѿԼ³δ˲⡣
ЩͻȻûа취붾֤һɶ뿪ҪٶȻԼĴӪúϼһôߡ
ҶĻ֪ƲκкȻʧ

ԼȥɣҪȥһˡ뿪ȣͻȻ
׌Hһʦô
׌H㣬ӽҾˡ۽˽Զڶ֮вЩѳɴӰ첻㡣סˣֻҪƣԶ˷ʩתŵｻ׌H֣µ
׌HȻûϲ˷ܣֻлֲ̿ʦô£ΪʲôҪͻȻ֮λң
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׌HӦӰȣһӰ׌HԽԽԶ
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׌Hյĵӣȴյʲôˣû׌Hվλãƽ׌HѾǿ׌Hһʱķˣ׌HܹܲΪŵˣֻпԼŬ
׌H뿪Ժ󣬼һʱЩãȻʧߵˣ۽ס͸šʱ֮ڣ̶ӦòҰĲ֮ˡ
ǣ͸Żѳƶ̶šǺˮֻҪˣǰ͸ˣйҲһֱšǺˮܹŹǰŹ֮ΪǿɱɽüԶҪ̶⡣
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뷨һ𣬱Ҳѹ֣ЦЦ˼ˣҲ֪ôˣȥˡ

塣
̵ĲԭϣһԲξ޴һȺȺ˸ţ˻ŴԶ
ûеҹԭϾͿʼﱸʢᣬЩϸֿЦݣǶΪ峤ˡ
ڼ꣬峤ڽ峤֮λøµ峤峤ϻۣǫѷ񣬱һΪǿʿŵĳϳΪвŸɵ֮һ
峤¼β̸ţȻ˵Ļ峤ɽЩͬɷħǬУ׺ҳҪΰ
ôһʹǰɽЯڶĲƱȴ޹ֻǵ峤ľȻӲǴɽ״˻еʿһӵ޵۷֮ϣ
Զߴ֮׵ҶңȻһλҶҵǧС˹Ҫ峤飬Ϣг˶˷
ǧǧС㣬ûһ㽿źƢһ似ҽû죬ͽ˵缲ҽκãУĳҪ˼ͻΪ峤ӣǳĸ
ÿһˣֻҪһƵŮҪӢ峤ͬģԺӻԽԽù
ҪʼˣǾޱҪ΢Цס΢Цǽ÷Щһ㶼Ļܺã뾻Ǹɷѡ֮ǰã֮ڷˣǾޱ뾻ϣΪ֮ǳΪ֮Ľһ֮֮ϣҶҡ
һװεŵĴУһΪŮױ磬һѭѭյ؆šӣΪģƺΪŮҵһɾϲ뾻ӢԴ̬ǫһֱΪŮ˵ĵǳ⡣
˵ˣ֪ǣ˶ʱܹҪҶһֱੲݵ˵ˣǾޱľͷһױǰĸ׶ιɫĮһ޶Եģ
橺ȻĬ͵̾һͣΪŮͷĶŮžڵŮ橺Ȼ־еŮһĨİһʣǾޱ뾻ѵ𣿾ЩſҵӵܣܹȵмΪʲô㻹⣿
ڵǾޱеİζһ֣ĨϺ촽ǹһڽĻȡ
뾻ǲϧͣУ뾻ΪҲ֪Ҫ˵ûܹȣҲã٣֪ڸ涼Ҫǿ뾻ݡ
Ȼ֪˵˭Цŵͷյȷڸ涼Ҫǿ̫ΣգҲûб¶һĺøУǾޱ񼧳ְѵһԦ˵ģʵһɡ
ǾޱƲƲ죬ǳ橵ʵʣǳԼʲô
ܷˣǾޱôˣѾˣѾǾޱԳ𣿡棬Ȼ뾻ºǫѷӲ
ˣݰܷܾñŤ⼸Ҫôͺ̰ɣǺǣٹ죬ͿԻһƺˡ橿Цֵ
뾻ݵҲ⣬΢΢һЦһγѾ˳ƺǺạ̃ܰǾޱԳ𣿡
ԣԣϾͳˡЦο
һ̾Ǿޱĸ׿Ϊױ磬ֻһ򣬱˵Ǿޱ֬ױ֮±޶ˡ
Ӵ߳ʱǾޱ뾻еľϲͰĽĸߴ뾻ĺ뺷˵ǫѷºͣ۷ʲôط뾻ݶһɾǲ֪ΪʲôǾޱʼĶ
Ǿޱԭ¶֮Ȼʧɫҹֻġ뾻˫ǻȣ˿ԼǾޱİĽ˶ԴŮڣֻ޹˼ɵıֳ
ллǾޱֵص˵һ䣬䵭
뾻ݲ⣬ŮӦôǾޱԽôĮ뾻еķԽء
Ǿޱ߰ɣҵ˶ڵ㣬ҵýġ㡯ƶóһ룬ЩȫһҪģһΪ㣬ȡ˴ضı㣬ûʲô£Ƶļȴǳ߳ĺܶΪһƿһǧ𡣡뾻Ц
ǿҪúóˡһԸ⽫صó˵Ӧ÷ǳδɩӣ⵱ȻǸ
Ǿޱ֪Լ̤һؿʼǾҪͳˣȻЩ뷨ȴ֪ûѡأȻһ̾ǾޱɫĮᡣ

࣬ûļգӭˬ磬سųķȥ
ڶȺһս󣬼ջȻԼԼı仯Ӧ͸Ǽ¼ʱĹ켣תתٶȿ֮Ǽ¼ٶȴȻ
ھѪ߷Ѫʽ֮ݿ֮ƣ¼һɲǣΪһ壬һ̣ڵԪתٶȻ̺ǽĳı仯
׌HֿԺһֱڰԼ壬Ȼ岢ûб仯ȴķԼ۾һգֻҪһܹ˷ľӳĵס
һ쳣ĸоͻȻ֮Ŷ䶼۾ǰÿһ۶ܹõ۾ͷᷢľոձĿһģһ
ķΪϲζԺ˽սʱ򣬾۾ϣҲܹǰҵĵȫ۵ף״̬£Ҫߵ͵ϮؽĸӦ
֮⣬һʱֻҪܹܵڲ֪֮Уĸ֪ߣһ΢ƺĸӦ
Ȼ䣬Ѿ޵۷֮ϾѾˮ齻ڵףȵܹǢӦԸһͻƵ֮
һ·ʱûֹͣϻľ֮ϣûһ˿ĴԭϣڴĿչ¹֮£˶ƺˣԾľ⼸֮ĳ
λãǾޱǶ֪ģ¶֮ͿʼҶѯйĵһУҶҳģľŸķֲָƣǾޱȻҲǵһģ֮ǰϸоĵ״ԶǳϤ
ɫУǰ˶˸ֱʣһζϣ֪Ѿ˳塣
ûɵģ˲֪δ橡ǾޱĸŮ橣ĵ侲ǳŮӣϾǾޱϣйοаı֡
зֲ֪һЩ飬ڿҫۻʱǾޱӰŴԺȥһ׳ಲϰ΢΢ӣһֳֻѣһͷĶųġ衱
ܶΣű¶ĳŮڻ׵ҫŤŰ׻޳ֱͦĴϲֻȸλխȹס
ţŮ֮û˼ɣֻҪ˫⣬֮ѰһƧĲݵػ䣬Ůһ趯ʱۣзһ¶Ը֮¾ǳһԡ
˵ľԶֻһڣվ֪һֲҾƣ־ȻôңǱҾƶҪþδļգڵľƳ˵㷴Ӧ
󲽳Ǳȥһ̤ʮ׵ľѾԽȻδ޵쾳磬Ѿ˵ƮƮɵĸоӰƶٶȣԶԶһ˵
ʲôˣһֱ۳ಲݺӣ䲻Աһ˳ͻȻڼǰؿ
뾻ݡǵѣ·߿ǡĻʣԴӽյļһԺ󣬱Ͳ̫ɬĻ˵Ѿǳˡ
ǵ峤˭ǡŮҵ𣿡ݺһ£Ȼʲôɫһ࣬Ҳ˼ЦݣߣҴȥ
ź貽һţ򱻼ڻϺ濾ţζĴƮһűƽƴĴţǺЦţͷ
۽뾻ݣͬһݿµߣþ룬Ⱥȥۣվһ˼̳ƵǰЦӯӯΪЩӵơ
һӰͻȻɫһͻȻԭͣŹֵؿվԵǾޱǾޱ֪˰עɫĮȻ΢΢üͷΪЩ˵ơ
ȸԾһֳǾޱ˷ܵ˵ЩʲôƺǳϲǾޱ
ǾޱڶԴ۵ʱϲŻֵЦȻûôˣһصģƺźص˼
߰Ƕǰء·ĺӻͷֵؿżա
ˣһһιɣͻȻƺеûæꡣŲһڨڨЦ׼뿪
ʶĽǾޱĸŮ鷳òװĸŮûϵȻڳˣº֮ʲôֵҪ
ǾޱЩεģԼΪЩ޳ܣЩ¼ǾޱҲǾޱҪԼûа취ܾǾޱҪ
ʲôȺҪˬʵĹЦһͻȻŮǼҵ˹ˣ
ɫһֱ䵭ǾޱȻһȣѽȻȻĳԴȥֻһۣǾޱ㲻ŵСڣеľϲ֮Ρ
ƳһۣҲһĿɿڴģŵǾޱͬеһ̳ƣ˷ܵسżշɱȫ˷ܿϲ磡
׼ͷߵļգΡ
ôһ۾ѾǰҲ̬ؽסֱ磬ôˣ̫ˣ̫ˣһΪԶأ磬Ϊ׼˱㣬׼ˣˣȫø㣡
۱һ̫嶯ŮȻһΪͻȻԲóֵǰеļЩƣƽﲻͬľٶ
ᣬʹ²δĸ٣ϰֻһƤסأżֱͦ˫ڼؿڲϵؼѹΡ
˺ǾޱЩ飬ôһŪ̲סĸомͦơ
һͻȻ֣׷׹ŹֵۺͼգǳôһͶͱһЩ彡ĺӣиǼʺ֮顣
ڳ壬òֶƵۣǺܶˣЩĽ۵ĳԽԽ࣬ܶ˶۱¶ļˣϧȴһЦܾˣУǸ߸ϵġ
죬ȻһİͶͱֻҪ˶ܹϲε˷ȸԾЩ˽۵˼ֱš
վһǾޱ۾һͼ۾Ȼɱ˼ǰûһ˼ɵĽսסһ̣ǾޱһãȻûɵİʹ
ôʶôһ£һ壬ѵҵģ۵ģһ뷨ǾޱԺйһ飬Ǿޱɫף
ŮŮһڶһŶһӣڵȺĵƣſЩԣŮǲ̫ˣҿɫܰף㻹ȻȥЪЪɡڳ壬˶ܹҽǾޱһŮЩ˭ġ
ҧݣǾޱҡͷǿһЦݣû£Ҹ㵹ơ
ƵʱǾޱиǸ棬ΪʲôԼѵôѵ裿һ۸ңȻȻûķʲôԡѾԽ˰
ôܱƽ
Ǿޱ˼ʱ򣬼ȴεĴ۵Ľӵѳһ˻˷ֹܲһۣЦСۣþòˣ⼸ôǺǣǹòظ谡
ðǺǣе磬Ҫٹ겻ǣҾȥˡЦӯӯ˵
գһϲĸߺԶ뾻ڿ߶һˣͣ˽ߣ뾻ݾֱǰɱˬʵЦԶԶ
գôˣһΪСԶǳأ뾻ݷɱ֮󣬺ݺݵرգЦ˵ҳһλĿˣҾĺȾƳ⣬첻׼뿪
ȥصõıó۽Цһ뾻ݶ˵ʲôϲ̵سԼȥ;ʱ򣬻ʱʱͷЦſϼһۣ·һ̶ܹ뿪һƵء
ݣλǸǵˣոǸ뾻ݵĿţЦ˹Ͱʵ
ǵүүҪǳյİǸ͵ɽ·;оͱЩ׶ɱˡ뾻һżգЦ˵үү˵ԯһ˵ɣգǼһԯ
ؾоһţǺǵͷЦԯǳ壬ǳĪңȷҪúףһ
˼ҿˣֻǾݵѣһҲ˳·˾ֺСͲԵˡǫѷؾ۷֮ĸ֣ȻļһֲǸ߲ʣȻ뾻ݵүүǳһ峤ôĶԴԼȻҲҪֳ󱲵ķȡ
գ㣿橲֪ͻȻʲôطð˳һعŹ֡
̣ܰʶ뾻һ㶣ɻ
ؾƳһɫŹֵ橣ԶԶһЩʧǿżյǾޱüͷͻȻ΢΢
ȻʶҪæǻ˳塣橵
˵Ǹһ·ǹĸ֣ǳգ뾻ݻȻӦغ
˭ЦЦɫӵżգû뵽㾹Ȼϵþݣǣһˡ
ԶԶǾޱһۣǿɬҪ뿪ǲˣ橡Ǿޱڳ壬Щ̫׵
Ĺ۱ż޴ľ̳Զ˹Ӷ̳ţֻһ˫ֳһһߴУ磬Ҹ˺ü̳õı㣬ұģȫȡ
ߣֺþʿȲȴҪһţΪʲôһĴ󺺣Ȼվһŭ
ѽΪʲôõľҪ˺ȣΪսѵûʸһڣЩĽ۵ĳ꣬Ҳվ߷Ȼ


204 һ
ڳ尮Ľڶ࣬޹˼ɣлŮǿţΪİŮˣһս಻ΪܹõĽŮӶ᲻ϧһдۡ
ûбԼĽ˭ʱЩͳΪͷѪˣȴһİСӱ¶飬Щļġ
ǾޱȻˣΪŮԵʣЩ峤ӭȢŮռ˱˵顣ۣȴǳ飬Ҫаѳߣеġ
ڳǽ뾻ݵ֣ʦŵĳϿϡٵİʿ֮һĶл֮Ҫ뾻ݴɽ׺ҳ˹һ峤пܵķǶ塣
ûк뾻ݾһ֪뾻Ϊɽ׺ҳ̫󣬻һԭΪĽۡ
뾻ݵãΪܹõ˵ĻĺͺøУŴȵûк뾻ݹȥڶУֻܹϣ䲻ðһճۻֳΪܵӣ嵱Ȼˬ
ڳҲôһ౾Ϳղ˳۵ĳ׷׸ͣԭŻЦᣬһӱ˷Χ
壬㣬ʲôż̳˷ܹۣЩ֪룬üͷһ̳̳ƷЩȻصŶ塣
ʲôһлشǱ˹ؿ˿գŤͷ۵˶˵ѵЩΪڳֵܻҪҪõı㣬óǺȣȴΪĵõĲؾóΪʲôһˣȵùǶڵĹף
ѽƾʲôܺȣȴܹȣ
˶ʲôöСۣǧҪϵƭ˰
翴ղ˳۵Щ꣬е˵ƵǣһΨ²ҵģ
㣬ȡ֣ԼľƣҸ˸˭͸˭ܵ𣿡ۼˣ˵壬˵ٶ໰Ҳϲģˣ̫ˣ
ɫѿ֮ҧݣ㲻ϲңѵϲС
СҡͷȻʧЦǰһȻѣұ˵ʲô㽲ʱעһ㣬Ҫ蹷ҧ˺òã
˵˭Ƿ蹷岻֪ȶˣǱģɫǵͨ졣
˭ң˭Ƿ蹷յȻһЦ˵Ѳ
Сӣ㾹ȻҳҶ壬֪֪Ҷ塭첱Ӵ֣һЦ
ˣ뾻̲סˣԽض˶Ļߵԣ壬뾻ݵѣ㽲עһ㡣
ѣЦЦЩ㲻Լˣȴȥһˣ뾻ݣŵ峤ǲǾͿʼˣҪ֪峤֮λҲʸҪ뾻ݲһܹλã
ô㻹뾻ɫһͻȻ˵ͷ壬ҿԸһᣬԺһһսֻҪܹʤң峤֮λҹãΣ
浱ʤңĿ֮£Щ²̨ˣɫѿ
֣ҵĵǸ鷳Ǹһ뿪ΪЩΣûϵᳯչԭһֱǾޱĸŮܻΪ鷳һֱţ֪Ϊ鷳Ĳ橡Ǿޱۡ
磬ߣѵһΣҪȥЩĵˡһҪߣ۽س뾻ҲæȰ˵ա
ˣʲô飬˹ǲĵģҪǲ뿪壡ȵ
һֱ΢ЦļգüͷһɫȻǰɣʲô峤ֲ㣬ʲôʸңУƾ㣬ס𣿡
סԣЦ
Ǿޱüͷһ壬֪յʵͺڳҪǷʲô߶ճôǾޱʹֹ¡
Ǿޱܣ橲֪ʲôʱͻȻð˳Ǿޱҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô
öǰĿеķԾ˵ֻкôûлȻû峤֮λһЩйĶԣҪǱոһͿأ󽵣ǾݵѣʤˣֻǾڵѹ򼧳ǱߵʱЩڴ
ǣôһտܻΪĵ˰
޷Ժ󲻻壬ҲؿʲôʵҪ뿪̫ˣݺã϶橽ͣһ仰û˵ڳȥǾûнĻᣬҲͲú˼ˡ
ҿôҡڴʱպǺһЦֱŶײȥ
еļɺһţûܶȴһž죬ǳһͻȻΪ֮һ䣬ԵüΪΣա
ףǿϵѹֶ˵ԼûΪãӣѾǳ˰
ȷȻǳһǿ
ԱһЩ˵ۣ˷ܣƵڵսŨۿкϷȻġ
Ҫۼһ
ЦվǶһͿˣΰôһŪվǶֱһСɽͷųϢֱ˴
ߵǰһɴʱ򣬼ͻȻͣȻ۾
˵沿鶼ӡϵĵĽ橵ɫӣǾޱֹ뾻ݵ侲磬һһֳ
ǰеӲĹ۲죬ע뾻ݣۼ뾻ûĶҲûⷽͼվ֪뾻ݻҲ뷨Լѵ
ôа˵ͷͻȻһ󲽣Ŷļײȥ
ǣ
Ĺ˼ĽӴ㴫
ЦСǲ֪ȻҺ񹦵Ķײײϡ
ÿƽҡҡͷò߲͵˵һ䣺һ
Ȼһ죬ΰɽͻȻأȻŤһǶȣһʹȴҧûк߳һ䣬ųֻصżգһʹ;Ĺ顣
Щ׼Цյĳ٣ͻȻľµᣬһӾ


205 
ڲݵϣŤż粿ϵĴʹһԲֻǺ޺Ȼصżա
ɫ糣˵ע̯޹˵㵲סңƫƫš
Ǿޱֽ֪ۼڼ꣬һֻģǾޱ΢΢üͷƺе㵣ļա
ڿȣֵֹؿվǶļպ̱ڵϵĶ壬һʱ仹ûзӦ
󵨣Ȼǳˣ˼ֱĲͷˣһĳ庺ӣͻȻߺ
ƳһۣȻʧЦλ壬Ǵ˷Ҫǰײ˼Ҷ˵ùԼҪܣԹ˭
գʼ磬εؿ뾻ݣǵ˲ӭңȻˣһ뿪Ϊ֣ԺпգԺСѪɽԯңҾͲˡ
磡ۺһæ˳˼ǰ㻹ûҵľء
գ㡣뾻ԥһ£۵Сãѱ׼̳
ôһ˵ʵʵġŶһƵı㱧˼̳յҲ֪ԼҪǲЩһģץ̳㶼ĽӴʧ
Сۣһ㣬زҪƴǡһͻȻӰ͸еҫҫǰ͸ͨ;ģ֮ǰûǰ¶
͸ŵõҫ֮һֱڰ׼ţҪԸա񹫺ŵЩˣҲ֪ʧٶҫУҫ鱦ʧԺ˭֪ҫȥ˺δ
ֻʿҫܹӳڲ׾ѧļ˵ҫ䵽иûʲôá
۶Ϊô౩㣬һ鼧֪һ㣬Ȼȴ۲û飬ֻСÿδӳ뿪ƲҫۣҲǻرһǻˡ
ۻûü˵ʲôһԲǷƷĴѾ䵽ģ֧ɵСͼֻǿһۣͻ֪ͼǺö
ҫȻо֮Щзһǿҵ乭ĸо
ҫʧ꣬ΧЩȻ⹭ΪһʱҲûж룬ֻǾСӳֵ󷽡
֣ԶˣԺʱѪɽҼɡչһЦ뾻ݹ󲽳Զȥ
գ뾻ݺһ׷˼֮󣬺ȻѾʧȥ˼յټ
뾻ڳѾһһ֣ϧڼնԻֻҪҪ䣬¼ܹ꽫ҳ˸ûм뾻һͷʧȥĿֻܹ꣬Ȼ
ˣˡ橳˳ŮݻˣעⲻҪʧ̬ˡ
ǾޱεįȻ˵ͷ֪ˡ
壬ͷȫˣҪָЩѰؾƽԣڶһ£Ȼ̧ͷԶԶǾޱȴǡɼǾޱϵȻį
ԥһ£ؾǾޱܹܲ忴ϵƣ
Ǿޱһ㶣ȷĸᳶ˳źȻӦŶȥ
Ҫ뿪ȻһܶԽӰ죬ŲôҲƶˣվԺҧǾޱ
Ǿޱһ˿ڵĵҪ˺ôô뿪ôǾޱʧյᣬֵİڶ
͡죬һʹµӣһᶼҪʹ滹ЩɻŮΪҽʱᣬôͻȻ³
û£ԷˣЩͷȻȴûбλãϢһؾͿԻָˡǾޱһ˦ڶʹʱͷߣһҩÿ塣
С潸һΪӺδƣŹңдȴ¶Ϊ֪ԺԼǲǻҪǾޱ
˳ˣ˻ˣҪû飬ʲôӣһ̲סС
Ǿޱü壬ŲһͣƳ˶һۣ䲻ȵԷҪû飬ǼܹķΣٶһҲģ
˻һЩԭŶһµĳ꣬׷ɫҰףƺֱڲʶյĿɲ
ףռ¼Ǽ֧СȻ֡ʱһ֧µСϸꡣ
뾻ݴ˸ɫ׼̸ؾȻһ
ͻȻתؾ˫˲ֱӵĹâȫ䵽еĹϣ΢ССۣոաո˵ʲô
֧СĵĹֱ֣Ϊռ¼ǼүүأʱԪȻֵĸоһ֪Ľ͡
ؾһǿѹе𾪣һһٵСۣŹϣǲкܶС̫ͼ
ѽȻͷѽүүô֪
ؾһΣ˺üŲΡΡСۣѹүү
峤ǲǣǲһһ߻ŵʡ
ؾнҫõһħ˰ģãؾۿȻ֡
峤ôô
үү
峤ǲǣǲˣ
үүѵʲô⣿

ŮһɻȵĿѯʣһʱҲϵʹ㶵Ŀ
֮ؾҫȻϲǳ壬ǳڡҫػˣǳĳ̳ϲϧɱ䣬ûܹһҫûϵûϵȻһСӸ˳ȥ
ɫһؾӽ𣬼սǳԶĶˣ˶ҼţԺʲô嶼öԼաԼʲôѺþٶߣ֮Ҫڵǣݴ񣡡
Ŀɿڴڿھңңżʧķ
ƾҲû뵽սеһȻǳʥ֮ضһӱҲꡣ

ӳ뿪Ժ󣬼ҲûĶයһ·δȥ֮ڷҹػض̶
̶ֻ֮΢Сĵ͵ȻȼսŲ̤ƽڶ̶̷׵ͲĵȻӶ̶̷˷ɳ
ڶ̶ΧĸָϡޣҲ˶һһƫƧðգŴ۸˵
죬ڣջص˼ǰеĸƺԶȥһֻ̣Щ·һֱڵޣûʱֻܹᡣ
ðɣһڶ̶һʱ䣬ǡȻһЦ˶ͷ­
̶δĽأ͸һİʿЯڶĸ֣ܹڶ̶Щ޿ԵˣһȻһ׵أΪ⣬̶Ų
̶ض滨ݣ̶̷׻кԪܹܶǰվ֪һǳʺĳҹ˾ʱ򣬾һȻо
Щˣһպ󣬼վͿʼоĬĬޡ
۷֮ѾںΪһƣƺֻҪٽһͿͻƵ֮ʱ򣬻һʱʳĿޣȷʵܹյЧ񼧼ԯѲҪ̫ģڿ԰ⲻ顣
δδ
ҹƣСȻϥһ⻬Բʯϣ˫գ̫¼ڵİ壬Լ飬Ķĺҹ
Ȼֹһ̣ȴԼտյȴƹ켣תš
֪˶ã;֮Ǻ΢ϵ״·ð˳ƮƮӰΣȴ죬˳һ΢ϵֱ壡
ȻϥţȻȴԼѷһһȥԼԽԽԶ
̶ϿŨĻĶЩǵصïܴδйˮĺƲ㣬겻κֱǰĳŲ֪ôңԶĺǿշȥ
һһ꣬޴ӵ֪ôһ·죬Ʋ֪޷˿һ㳯˷죬ķ죬ԽԽԼûԼټ
ѤõĹʣͻȻ˷Բ̣ǹˮһ֮ϣǣǰ˿ߣһǳӹ
ǿ֮˱Ȼһǳ֮ϴٶѸٷһǳ
Ȼһֽ̤ʵصĸоĿһţӿݣһĹεЩ˿ʱַǳĸо
ֻҪһܹƮһߺĽӴȻԼһϷĹ㣬ε޴ڵĹߡ
ԶһĹҲƶţǸһͼҴҵԶܣֻһ˲㲻ټڶ
Ҹ޸ԵģˮˮǸʧ֮һ΢֮ѶŻ
һʼЩãȻղ֪Ǹ㴫ѶϢʲôѶϢһճΪһ΢΢һ
ףѾڲ֪޵֮״̬ϣε֮һ鲼ռ޴ڵĹߣǳ֮ϴڵһͨգЩ׳ںԼꡣ
ѶϢǸ㣬һһǳʿ֮ս֮һԼͻŻѸԶȥ
һ뷨Ժйһ飬պȻԼĴһ̣ȸԾΪԼ档
ϣ޾Ŀռ룬䵽ϵǳ֮ϽʱԼ֮ϻǵ״̬ǳ֮ϼȻй֣ôʿ;Բֹһ᲻գ֮᲻ս
һȫȻİĻԼڲ֪ôңԶǳ֮ϣֻҪһôѾˣֹסе˷ܡ
տʼĶ硣
š谵·㲻ĻЩεյߣƺҲֻбй⣬Щ߷Ĺâ·ɢȥƵأֻܹںСķΧչ¶ܹĵٹ
׵Ĺ֣ӿݣûֲûκζֻϣܹżһΪ֮⣬֮ϣʱûмԵ̬
ûԵļž
ĿģһڻƮƮʲôطνֻĿ絽ôһ£żһĹ㣬Щ㶼ܿƺҪͼշʲôνĳͻ
֮ստֲޱȣһشԶ壬ôһʿһжˣζǳ׵׵ˣԶûиĿܣ
꣬ʿǶһ㣬ûò״ûн̸˭Ҳϵ˭̸ΪķѾ궼Ϊûн̸Ͳ֪Է˭
һ뿪ôʹȫ״̬¶Լݣеǡֻ֪Ҫ壬ͿԲȡֶν겻ٵȥ
˶˽ģǳʱΪգ˭ѡһΪյĵط˻Ÿҽľ磬ǳ֮ʱÿһÿһ붼ǳ󣬺˻ʱ˷ʱ䡣
ռƮȫûĿ꣬˶׷ЩĹߣֻ⣬ûһľۼЩΪԼãȻȻûȥۼЩ޴ڵĹߣЩȴһ㿿£
ȻֳģһŹ޷Ŵ󣬺Ȼһֳ״΢СĹţЩ˿˿ߡ
ľۼ˿˿ȴһžۼ˿ߵٶȷ˿ö࣬һһƬΧڵĹ߶ᳯ£ĹһߵԶԶġ
Ҳ֪ôһ£ֻܹ鹦棬Ϊ̵ؼȻ֮ҲǼ֪ΨһһؼĪ⡣
ͻȻһ޴ӵУտһѸٷ裬һǳ΢ռ䶫ͻܣ߰˸ȳһ˷Χ׷һĴݵĹ㡣
ĴݵǸ㣬ɢȵѶϢ
߰˸ڻǽǸΧסЩһӵϣѶϢȫӿ뱻ΧסĹ֮УͻȻ䣬ǸΧĹ㱬⣬Щ֮ǿҵľ񲨶
߰˸ΧĹ㣬Ǿۼ޴ڵ˿һǸ㱬ֵ֮ĵۼһΪľۼԼϣ׳ǵϢ֮
ֻһ˲书ǸеĹӡѾ渽ӵɣ׵شʧ
޷һɱаѶϢȻЩ֮һ˳һѶϢѯʵζ
ʲô˼һ㶣ĪѶȥ
ǱʿûϿںţǱˡˣˣɱ

һɹɻҵѶϢЩӿֳڼʶ׵ʱЩոΧɱһ˵Ĺ㣬ͻȻżΧ
ôһЩɻ󣬲ȴ˲䷴Ӧ˹룬ȻԶƮȥ
ЩԱʿһֶеķɱʿܹ̳Щʿ֮˵İžŹĸ磬޵а伫Ϊа񣬿Щʿܹ̳꣬ɼȷаɱ
״̬£ղܹԪսҫѪʽ׾ȵؼ޷ʩչǸոմﵽ֮֮սûκξ飬Ȼ߰˸רɱʿıаˣһӦȱܷâ
ò˵Ȼ꾳磬ζٶȻǿ磬ΪԭһƮߵĹ켣Ϊ죬仯ǼԱаһʱ侹Ȼ׷ϡ
߰˸һɹɸǵصϮ񶾵罭ˮһӿƺҪճĶá
Ӵĸɱ¾ͨ亣ӿЩңзһĸоٷӵٶΪ֮һ
ɱɱɱɱɱɱɱЩˣֲɱ֮۳һɿ͵Ŀ񳱣żյ
ȻһһֱʹٱľʹȻӼӿ
ôһ̣ǹǦһ㣬ֱܹһ֣ۼ߰˸ɷĹЯϸɱ˹״ͻȻѳǧĸС㣬СĹһĴ䣬˷ȥ
ֻһյΪܼ΢С㣬ЩΧ˳ȥ
ͻȻԼСĴǻǧˣָоֻǳһ˲䣬ַѸǿĴ֪ȥȻֳǧɽԼ¾ۼ
ѳȥܼ΢С㣬˲Ϣؾһ±֮ǰ̬
û˿ԥ߰˸㲻֪ʱ򣬻Ϊ̬ļյ꣬ȻԶȥһʧȥټ
ѣ⣬ôһ£
״ʧõֻ겻֮Ƶ֮ſһ˲ѣһܹ˲ؾۣ
ôܣʧôãôֳģУӦ֪е깥ţôܹôã
϶̵Ľ޾УնȻ˵괳Ų֪٣ǱһǺ֮кսܹ޳ؾ۵İֻ˲֪϶ǰ̵ˣ
ж˳ˣҪˡ
׷׷ӦûûȫһζĲ٣ֻҪܹûѼΣֱܹӺ꣡޾ǵ֮İǿߣҪɱ

Щ겻ϵؽѶϢֳżԶȥķ׷ȥ
һԺ󣬼վΪ˥ĸоƣ
ʶģֻҪع壬ֻҶ֮󣬲ܹԪָ
ǽ磬ƾ΢һ˿ϵɳۣŲ֪˶Զȥ
ǺӣӹһŵǣǿյȴᶨƵĳǸɫľ޴ȥ
Ʋ㣬һ谭δչ鶾̶ǶϥŵԼϡ
ֽŽһ̣ڻָ֪۾һ̶ֶѾһװع磬۶ǰװĻѩڴʱͷϻѩƮ
ѪŤЩϵĻѩ䣬ڳΪһѩˣ˽ǾԱţ޾ɵϢ
֪֮ǰļػѩ˵ʱѾ˶ڲ֪֮Уʱƽ£ֻһͺķµĹ⵹Щȡ
ε޾ľĿȻᵱֻһþһֽվһ꣬Ȼж˿˿ߣЩǳϢȻǳʱۼδɢġ
Ҫˣ֪ԼѾ֮ǳϢ˵Ѿǳ֮⻪ˣֻʿ״
ʿ૵䡣
˻˻˻˻˻££
ΧԵЩ̶ޣһڻֽţһ˷ܵصͺһǼ£һϢ΢֮Щ޻ʲôˡ
ˮɽУӶ̶̷׷ɳֻżշ
žžžžžž
һȭͷСĺԪצ֮ڼǰʮƷʼѵĺԪһҫҫ۵Ĵڹ
ǺǣȻ֪Ĵ󡣡ЦЦһĺԪָںԪĦһ£ǺԪȻðݳ糤ڹ⣬ЦЦ˫ȻںԪ֮ϡ
ӺԪðݳĺڹ⣬ȻΪһۿɼ̣ն˺ͺԪ֮׷ıǿС
ĬĬһߣؿЩػõޣһһŲȥϢĵطȥˡ
һĺԪڼбһͨʯͷӵȡһµĴںԪúԪָԼ޾ꡣ
֮ʮԪϣ֮˷ࡣ
޾޾Ҫˡյૡ


206 
һǳľ飬һμᳵ·˳˳ҵĿ꣬ڵǳ㲻壬żεҫĹ֮⣬ƺûб̬
ڶ̶ԺԪ˰£һĵľָ۷壬껹Լ˸һľ罵٣Ҹо״̬á
й׷ɱľ֮񼧳ղĿĵĶƮʼĿĵ˱ЩƯϵĹߣЩڵ˵ǳ֮⣬ǳ֮ãһƹ߱ۼ֮󣬶ữΪΪ΢㼯֮Уӵ΢ǳ֮
ǳ״ƺƣε޴ڵĹߣԼҪЩ߱ԼΪ
һεĹ߲ǲ֮ģһʱ̫ˣһε߾ͻᱻһգЩεǳ֮һնữΪǳ΢ǳ֮
һǳⱻһԺ󣬿Ҫܳһʱܹӿǳ⣬ˣΪ˸øҪϵر仯λãѰǳΪŨ
ƮƮ䣬ղҷɣСĽĽ֪쿪Ȼ֪ǲΪռȽԵʣ磬ĸӦΧ࣬ӦҲԶԶǸڵ硣
֪ǽ˴֮УƺԼܵӰ죬ܹܺõĽΧ״ĵףҲΪԭһЩʿ֮ǰûǰһ
һͦεľ޷壬Ȼǰֳ޷ʰɫûֲһ
ȻЩǡ޷š
ָͷϸǳߣĲһ޷֮ϣһȥһ޷·סһ㣬΢΢˸Ųҫ۵Ĺâһ޷֮ϣ̾ţһ޷裬Ǹϵө档
ֻԶԶƳһۣվͺȻͣףһөһĹ㣬Ǻһ꣬ЩеļΪ˱ǳ֮϶Եʣ֮ǾȽϸһЩꡣ
յľ޷壬һ֮ۼǳǳ࣬һŨǾ޷Ҳˣǳ϶࣬ȻܹһʿǶ
һөһĹ޷裬̾ĳһǳΪŨĵطȡ̺Ƕھ־޷ɼܹԼǳ֮
Լն̰⣬ܰȻھ޷һĹ㣬ҪôһҪô˴֮໥ϤҪȻǲûзͻôల¡
塯Ƕɡʿֵģǣ۸˭ԼѰ֮ء
ԶȻյľ޷֮ϣǴݹһѶϢ֮ĽȫѶûϰκʿˡˡˡ˻Ƕˣֱӽ깵ͨ
֮ϣɡǿʿľۼأǿĸ߶в۷֮ʿ
ӡ塱ӦȽϡٵԴ֮һʿ֮һͰռ塱Ƕе֮أϽ˲㡣
Щʿһʼ;㣬ûʿôһ˵ֻҪȺ̳ˡ
һ̣պȻʶ棬ණʱûнӴģֻܹ磬ǸһȻռһ˵
֪ԼЩʿֻ֣ܹĬĬߣЩźĳһ塱ۼǳ⣬ܹڡ塱ҪѰǳ֮ҪϺü
Ȼ޴ڣֻܹ磬Ҳı䲻ĵıʡ
Ȼ䣬շԼ뿪ԪܹԪıȻֻܹƾ֮ȻֻһͨͨʿǸոŵ֡
ԯѪЩνļؼֻܹ߷û壬ϣ겢ܹΪΪ
ѣ꣬ļᣬ
ΪһŹ㣬ӡ塱ǱƮȥ֮󣬼ղϵػӰ̵ʿؼй֮֮ǻΪһ㻺ӹ
ԴõؼԺȥһΪΪ̱а̣Щ̫Ըаؼķѹ򣬻һԭΪ٣̫¼Ϊ͵ؼòӦ᱾ĩ
һЩ˵Ĺ֮УЩһֱײʿؼƺܹ̫ãֻڹؼʱ򷢻ãЩʿѡ
ΪֻнʸΪĽΪףʥ֮кȻ֮ʹ״תһ޶ˣӣǲΪȻ
ֱһ֮󣬽ֱ塱Щʿ֮⣬ŷҪҲһ׵飬ûԱҪǸ绹Ҫ֡
ͻȻ䣬Ҫú˼Բйذ̵һУЩй֮İ
ʱŷһ԰̵֮ȻּΪĹ֮ͱЩʹõһȷ깥ɣ
ң漸ֹĹҪıʹõĻҪ¡
ʹصһطֻҪ˾㹻ǿ󣬿ֱӰ꣬ǿľԷûзֻܹΪĿܣ¡
âֳһ΢꣬һǿľΪһȼ뻹Ҫ΢СĹâݣԴ͸꣬˲佫Էش
ڶһִط״켣ٰٱ״һǿ˱ĺڶһΧڵ꣬ȫźڶӰ죬᲻ĳźڶ֮
ڼٰٱ˶£ڶ֮еĻǻ֮ɻҽû»ָĿԡ
깥֮⣬񻯡溣ɱ⳱ȼ깥ɣֻҪ״㹻ǿ󣬶
ָ깥бһ䣬ȥˣŷĲŷǰ
Ȳ̸Щ˲Ĺɣֻƾѻܹؾһ㣬޾ͱȱ˶˼ЩԶԶľǿߣһҪֱѱȵ졣
һ꾫㹻ǿˣټִаطҿ϶ԼܹǸһ޼ɡ
޾ĺǿգܹΪˮһս
ֺղûмѰһǳ֮ŨĿռȥֿµ깥ɡ
Ѿڲ֪γ״֮ǰʹˣطһѶûУĿ˶յ߻ħʽķרע
Ŀռ䣬ûʱĸѰһǳ֮ΪϡԵġ
Ҳ֪˶ãպȻ߻ħʽĿоѹ
һŹ㲻֪ʱȻԶ֣شҲ֪ˡǹ㿿һΧ󣬼֮еļҲǹ
кιɣСһЩĵõļգ࣬Ѷ
óطҿˡǸػ
ЩɻȻȻֲ֪УԼѾƶ˺ԶҲ֪ԼʲôطȻƵǳȴΪŨһȥյϸܡ˿
ǳ߶࣬ζһأȻ硰塱ôҪһ֮غ࣬Կ־üյۣԾ˰ռͷ
Ҫǲأ
ܴ֮󣬾ͲҪҳ̫ˡ
Ȼһ֪˵һӣкȻ˵Ǻã԰ɣҵҪܴ
ʦ֣ʦ֡˵ͻȻһɽΪǿҵĲȻ䣬ŹԶ˹žۼһ


207 ֮ս
֮ȻۼһƮƮʡƷβسż߷ţζﵽ֮ʿ꣬ͬһʿɣ˴˼Ӧ÷ǳϤһս̫
ҪǽЩĵãǲſһԶȥˣȻһμȴ˿ûֹطԺѸٹһ飬յӦԵķ
ѣǷҪΪУóüҪǵǳˣƽ뿪ɾûôˡ괫Ѷ
޾֮սĪ⣬һ˶սˣ֮Ըü뿪ΪڣֻһˣǻҲô衣
ٺ٣һûдƽ뿪б£ܰұƳҵ޻˵껰ͣһ£֮˸һ£ŴѶûôһҪɢˣɲҪԼû۾
ѣǺˣǸɣǱƽһ£һѶϢ˹
˭ҲǸɣǵǿ˵֮أӦƾ̵ģȻҶ֣ͲҪ˼ʲôʱ򣬼е˺ͶԷһսͷ˲ҳˣζ
Ī⣬ƾһʣ㲻ǶԷĶҲܹȥϣջ治Ҫ˼ʲôһʱһֱ깥ɣ֪ЩصطǲЧʱ򣬺ȻԶʵ飬һ
ɣҿǣٴơ
εĿڳԣȻö˺ջΪƾƣտ϶ʵʵóһ֮صģ㲻óҲӦúϣܹǹͬģ֪վȻ˿
ûаסȻһȻƮһӽΧ룬һеط໥ӦǳνλȷԺȻ
ҵ겨Ȼżտӿɲʱ򲻶ϵţ޴ڵǳɵâɼֲһЩɱ
ͻȻǱͬȻܵǿҵӰ죬͵س氵ɫĿӵسȥ
ɳӿһʧȥĿ꣬ڼԭڵײһ𣬻㼯һʮ³ȥļ
һѼֻе֪ܹӦõ΢ϸâʱѱ۳Σ΢ϸ֮ĻâϸСµ뻹ҪСʮͻȻȥ
ףһ꾪ȵݳһѶϢֻһһͻȻҲһѶ˳ȥ
СģСЩ΢ϸĹâʦܣΣգ
ʮ΢ϸ֮Ļâϵļ̱Լһ㣬վѸȥ
ǸȷӦĴʦֶܵļʱһʱ˱ᣬ֮յĶһ٣ûôˣȵƲʱѾԱãűһâ͸
׷ǸʦֵʮâһʦܵĽԶȻͷһشźȥǸŴ̵ǧٿף⡣
ܵһߵĴʦ֣лâʦʧ֮ͻȻһѸٷأסֻһâһ꣬شǸԶȥٶʧڼյӦΧ
âţ̻һѤõһҽ
˻㼯һʧȥ꾫֧ţûпվʧȥлӷûжԼκ˺
磬ĸӦܵȵӰ죬Ļâ΢֮Ȼ̺ɱľ񹥻ֻо꼫ʱܹо
ˣâĹԵüΪĪ⣬˷ǿҾϮʱ򣬻âĹѾǰʱҪѾˣֻܹεܻâ̡
ǸʦΪ꾳ϼղŸոջâķܹ̺ڻâ֮еľΣܹǰһ֣һأҪȻҲشˡ
֮սޱȣܶսһ֮·ֳʤǸʦֵ϶ܹܲһ٣ʶԼÿһζסâĹּʦһһ˱ܡ
꣬ٿһӴâһһһشüΪ˷ܣͻȻʶ޾У̵ԸԱ˵е
һսľ飬ոЩصĸֹطԾγɵ깥ҲһӶ֮ս˼ŨȤʼиָֻܹʩչ淨ؼ
㣬ÿһ̶Ҫʧƶǳ֮⣬ÿһҪķѾǳֻܾܹ֮꣬ָ
ֻعԺ󣬽ԪѪܹľָھĸΪˣûж೤ʱ䣬վ͸оЩƣ
״̬֮£ǿк棬һһЩĻˣƣ״̬º˽ս̫Σգˣշ־Щƣߵʱ򣬲ò˳
붾̶Ժֶѹ̶ʻһĿĻ㣬֪Уʱֹ˼¡
ǰСɽһߵĺԪ֪һʱҪͨԪ
ҲһĺԪʼ̺ͨԪԼľԪ̲صһ״֮УͻȻԼñո֪Ľһֹ
֮УʵǳϢһܹ֮ж˵㷱һС㣬ףЩ㶼ǴǸǳǳ֮
Щǳ֮֮Уƺܹʹɵľ࣬ø磬֮ͨеǳ֮УǸ繵ͨ
һ֮еǳ֮պȻϵĳǳȻ˸һ£һϵǸ֮γɣڵԪƺǸǳҲĳֹͨ仯
Ԫһָ֮Ȼðݳһǳ֮Ԫָ֮ͻȻðҫĿǳ֮⣬ɲǼ䣬֮ʿͨ;ʩչһԪˡ
֮еǳ֮ת˼תڵԪҲ˵΢ǳ֮⣬ԪڿתѰԼǸƮƮĸо
Ȼ䣬շԼǸһճ۳ҵĸоȻ֣һ׳ڲǳ֮Ԫ֮£ͻȻѸݷɵһԡ
֮շ֮ԭô򵥡

ģ塣
ߴ֮һҶңɳһ̶ӵ˳壬Яڶ˿񡢲ʳΪҶС뾻ݵĻºϲ
ۼڽЦЩٻһϣܹΪŮĽЩʲôʵҲ֪ΪŮͨһҽԭڳӦѹټ뾻ԼΪϲ׮һɣҶҺͳ֮൱һεıϡ
ʥҫѾ䵽У뾻Ϊɽ׺ҳԵʣһЩϵڵʽʱ뾻ݳΪµʥпܡ
һ뾻ݳΪʥƾǾޱһϵҶҽջڶϡԴҶӰҲվڣҶηҵ
Ҷҵ֪ĵ֮󣬷ǳӺͳ飬ԲŻǲ̶ӹء
ȥߡŴ̺ڣǾޱأüչ
УҪԭɢľȥɣҪҪ֪Άһһ𣿡Ц飬ȫǳΧгٶϵǾޱŮ橵зġ
ҡҡͷǾޱˣ߾ͺˣҲˣһ˾
ǾޱĺӾͿҪˣȥȥҪעһ㣬Ҫߵ̫Զˡ
š
֪ŮиᣬҲ֪ԼôȰ˵ҲãҲͲ˵ʲôȻ֪ǾޱһߣҲûл
ϲɫڣǾޱľӵзǾޱʱ򣬲Ǿޱ뿪ʱ򣬾˲ٻĴ㡣
һûΪһе׼УܣҶˡŮТС֣ȴ橺ҶһԸĲá

ǿգһ˶ǳ֮ϣһ׷սݡ
Сӣܲģ޳ˣҲҪ𣡡
Сӣ㵽˭Ϊʲô㶮ð̵ؾǣǿһ
ҹ٤ڣӲģ
һӹǿγɵĽеֻҪ̬壬ܹЩŵĽ
ʮٶ֮죬һ׷һЩ˱ǳʿһԶݹ겨׷ħһһеıܿЩҹȷã˼¡
ɣ־Χɱңһ·ᡣҹҹ壬ձ壬ҪֻһˣСүͷɵ㣬һʱ걻СүζΣ
Сӵ˭ֻд½ʿ֪ǱҹˣȻҺǶŸɣСӣŲһ֪˭ܹǼ峹׻𣿡
Դ󻰣Ϊǰ찡죬ҲҺ޵УƾҲֻҫ⻹ռ˶ơ٤ǰɣٺ٣Ҫд½㣬ұ֤ɱ޵
ֱܣ
㵥

𣡱ɵļһһʶǰ̵аȫһЩ֪˵Ļǧ嶯
峤зԸи̣ҶչˣԼ޾Աɣ
һҹʿ׷״ţȴ٤ޣûһ˵ǰ׷ա
һʱ䣬ѾԾ˼յĿͷ֪СûΪаԵʣСӼֱǴСǿһıΧˣ̶ְеؼ룬ս
ȻҪǸҵᣬĳִǳ֣ʱ䣬ѾмһСıɱˡ
Сӷ·ǵĥ꼼ĶʱʱعƣŪЩ˷ʤƫƫһֻܣƾƣʼû취
ÿһιʱСӶڻ꼼о֪УСԽԽѲԽԽ쾫ͨҲ٣ֱ֪Сôô̬
ȻвǱôٵĽȥһˣ궼ﵽӸľ磬ڶƽãʱ򣬾ֻǱ׷ɱķˡ
ˣ٤޵Ĵ£Ҫϧһд۽׷ɱĴ㣬һΪ˳󻼣һΪܹˡ
ε׷ֳ˺ܳһʱ䣬ܱ֮ǵʿ׷˱ᣬ˫еٶȶܿ죬еٶȲ죬ǳƮЩҹʿֱ޼ƿʩ
һ׷һӣ˫Ǳƴһôȥ
ɣɣҪǣаЦ
Щʱռվһָͻͨε˽⣬֮Щ˵˽⡣
֮˵һ֮ʿҪࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡǣǸһǸԭһƣд½
д½ʿ޵֮ԺΪ磬رǿԵʣֻܹѡд½ıǱд½ǳ
ˣոսʿֻһʱ䣬ȵ㹻㹻ǿ֮󣬲ܹȥԶǳ
ǳǳ֮ľԶԶңԶܻδһǳ֮ϣͻķоһȫľˣͬӾ֮ںʧȥֻܹˮ
Щ޾ʿ˵û˾ںǿ֮оˮ֮ûʧȥ˾ԶǺһʲô⣬ֻķˡ
֮Ϊؾ磬ܹд½ǣֻܹһؾ磬ֻЩܹһһֱ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡǣÿһǳ֮󶼲ɼǳ֮⻪ʿܹ۷֮ʿ
Ĵ뾫һǳ֮˱㹻ǳ֮⻪֮󣬲ſԿʼתأһǳ
ǵʱ򣬼ձЩʿ׷ɱҪطѣѾЩҹʿɱΪˣַЩҹʿټ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˺ǲսĹ̡
ؼԱ˻ǵҪյ⣬ϵػսǱزٵģһʱͱҹʿĽսջսľߡ
ǣ굥ƾаݣܹʤʿѾˡֻЩż·ǣרΪĳ˻ĸǿ꣬й˼ɡ
һ׷һӣҲ֪˶ãһյġ塱ͻȻ֡
塱ǳ֮ȻγǳʯܹסЩǳ֮ϵǳߣʿ˵塱Ǽѵˣ塱Χһʿ̾ᡣ
һ˵һ˷֡塱֮󣬶ټѻɸһռһ塱ζһǿʿ
Сӣңɡռˣȥɣ´ǲ֮ϣһǿķŭ֮⣬ͻȻ
ҹҪǵ壬ʶȥҹ٤޲չЦһͷЩɵ̾ġ塱ײȥ
ҹ£··ڼҹ٤޵Ѷһ˼Ҳ֪Ƶء
ģСǹµģҹ壬ߣ浱Ƕɵ۸ˣҲҪ֣ɱһ塯ռģ˭Ҫߣ븶ѪĴۣ
·
ɱɱ
Щ˶ˣ϶Сӵͬҵǵϳˣ
ǻʲôɱǣ˭ֻҪǱʿɱۣ
ɵͱҹʿһ滹û˵ϼ仰֣塱չһĪĻս
һսĵ߼գǱɱ۵˫ˡ


208 ԡ塱
ɵͱҹʿٿһӴͿʼĪս˫ʿʮˣһš塱Х۳ңָۻҵ깥ɲֳöƫƧһǵļտǴ񫡣
ģĻս֮ǰûм񶫺ɵҹ꽻սһ𣬸ŵһ˲
塱ҫ۹㣬սû̫໨ڵĶֻɱĹܹڻս֮ռݵƣһЩûзֶε꣬ս֮ȽϳԿڼĳ֮£ûзֶε̻ͷųĹʡ
һ̻貼䣬ζһĻҷ𣬶ҹĸʵҲ൱˫һʼû֣ȫû꼼ɱԷôһ걻ɱҲȻ
ҹĸִһ塱ļƻѱչ˼ãЩʱȥҹƣѾҹĻҹӦñŭݻǺŰҹߴ
̾ڡ塱ĶɵʿʱҲɧţΪߣ˳׼Ӵһ̣֪ĿҪ˫ؽǲ֮֡
ʵ֤жû˿ҹ廥ɱԣ˫˲أʱ򣬼㼧˵ʵֻһᣬΪֵѵҲһֱսȥ
ԼɵĴģսȻڡ塱һǵļգ۲Ľ֣ĬĬʹõĸĻ꼼ܹ겻˺Ļ꼼ոǿϸ
ɱĻ꼼ʹãȻһֿԴܵĻ꼼֮⣬ҲûбķԵĻ꼼ǴΪƾӦòҪȡʲôʩɡ
Ե꽻սͬȾͼսսĻа񶾵Ļ꼼֮£ȷҪĲȡֶΣȻ׷һˣʱͱ뱻ĲȡֶΣʱֵܹһֶԷ˺Ļ꼼ܹӳЧˡ
ڼֻйؼ汸ܹݺ޾򣬵ƾſըа꼼ڴģĻս֮лЩƵġ
ӶҹĽս֤ʵԼ뷨ûɵһֶμʿΪóϸܵҹӴɱ⳱Ūɢձҹ弸̳ԡ
Ȼռˡ塱ȻںҹĽսУȴû˿ƿԣ塱д½ɽȫȻͬһֶ״̬ܹʵһƾ衰塱ĵԶԷѹ
塱ϹͺͺһֻԶİɫʣЩš塱ǳ⣬Щڻս֮вκá
ҹ꼼а̳ͨԣ˿ԲһЩĵľˣսʱһܹͨҹ壬ɳսӡ
ʿÿһҹ̳߾ôһҹ岻ʱռƣǽ̾ڡ塱֮ϵĶʿȵĲò뿪塱
ߣҹа֪ͣ塯λãһʱǰѼλϻϣҪЩаˣ
ˣˣ´ѩޣ

ʿ겻ϵţԡ塱Ϊģ˷ݡ
Щ׷𼧳նҹʿһֱɱڣۼ塱Щʿ׷ԺƺϵǵĿֻ׷ɱա
ףСأոսսʱ˭ˣ٤޵ѶϢĴ
ͬ긽ҹĸ֣Է׷״Ѷʾ֪ʾԼûڽսա
״ǳױϣǸոտԿ϶ûһ꣬ȵ˶ʾûм״Ժ٤ͻȻʲôŭ
ģǿ϶СӵĵˣСӦʿǶԶʿɱһͨð˵֡
Լǣ˿һ·ģһʱֳĵո᲻սġҲҹ屾ǵ֣ܹɱôණʿҲջ񡣡
٤ŭ塣
ΧȫʧЩҹʿٱʾʲô
٤޼˻ػŭĲĴȥСӣҼǵˣ״꣬һ㣬ɱ㣡
´ټʱ˭˭˵ءһƮѶ֪ӺδƮ˹ֱ٤޸ը˿һǿҵѶϢͻȻӡȥ
Сӣҳ٤ܻȻݳȥΧš塱ѸתһȦϧȴûзּյټ
䣬ȻֶζˣԺǵвǻԽԽ󣡡
һ塯ǶɵģһɱǲˣǼӳļһпܻὫǵʦųҪаʿ꽵Եֵ
ߣһ塯ȷã壬ʳ˵죬ûҪһ塯٤Ѷ
Ӣ
ҹЩ˲ûаռ塱Ҳɵĸֺ޶Ͼһɱ˶Էʮ֮ʿ
٤޴Щҹʿ뿪֮󣬼յ겻֪ʲôð˳Ȼڡ塱֮վ̰ղڡ塱֮ϵǳߡ
պ֮ǰҪǳŨġ塱ˣϧȴӲǱɵʿ裬޷óԸһ֮ҪҹҪɱ
֮˳·ҹȻռϷ磬ɵʿˡ塱Ҳʧ˼ˣɵʿ͸ӵùˣʧأòӡ塱룬һʱںػء塱
ڶɵʿûй֮ǰһ塱ʱ֮ˣΪԵʣ״ǳ֮ǳǿֻҪܹץһʱѡ塱֮ϲƵǳ֮һЩܹþ޴ĺô
ԡ塱ճЩɵʿûȫ˱塱Ƶǳ֮⡣
֪˶ãͻȻһɼΪӴ˱塱ǳ֮ľзӦϵ״Ӱˮһǳ֮⣬ĵɲǼ䣬ٶͻȻŻ౶
塱ǰԶһ޴ͻȻҵĲرͲƽĿӿݵأϵ
ǹһ֮ðݳǹ΢СˮҫĿɳһĴ
ǳɳ΢շǳϲͻȻ˶ԡ塱ǳ֮˱ȫǳɳðݳӷȥ


209 㾹ȻҸŮˣ
֮ҪĶһ޴ڵǳߣЩǳ߱պ󣬿꾻ǳ
֮⣬һ֮ʿͬҪǾǳ֮ƺǳɳϵǳ෴ǳɳڵ̫࣬Ѱۼס
ǳ֮棬ǳɳԴʿֻҪ꽫ǳɳסд½ǳɳڵĹУǳɳͿʿøǿᣬɵԪ࣬Ĳܡ
ʿʵǳ֮꣬ǳɳḶ́ǳ֮׵õǳɳȴ洦ɼֻ޵һ磬㹻ǿʿŸҽǳ֮Ѱǳɳ
ܹǳɳд½ǳɳһſʿƤһǳɳôʿͿԺǳ֮깲ͬڵԪ̶ȵķӳ
ֻһʿųƵʿ
ǳɳڵҪõǳɳҪصУȻһεص׾ҵƺڵصǳɳ˳üմϲȻܹŹõǳɳĻᡣ
ŵǣٻʲô仯ӿݵĵص״ҲǳɳðݳһϲΪһ⣬˲͵һսӡ
һǳɳɷշǳɳ׵ӣ·Խ룬ǳɳͻԽŨ
һΪҫ۵ĹԣȻ봫˳һٿسȥ
ľͻȻӱһ˶İɫʯĴ䣬ЩɫʯеϢ걻ЩɫʯԺ꾫ͻȻѸʧ
һպȻʶ̬ϣԭǲܹ˺ʯ飬ȻͿܴ
һˮһͻȻеܼǳɳƮݳ
һȭͷС貹ţʯԣεü궼ͷĿѣĸоǹ󣬹âĿһȥд½Ͽ΢Сǳ
ǳ֮
΢΢ռû˿ԥͻȻӿȥеľȫʩչعסһ貶ĿʯʯͷҲûЩĴǳɳ뿪
ǳɳȻΪǳ֮Ȼ㷱һǳɳʵֻǳ֮֮ǵ㣬ǳ֮Ǽס貹âʯ壬ǳ꾫տʿҲԵõ
ǳֻ֮ǳȻ䶯ʱ򣬲пܴӵðݳȻɲɵһ鷢ǿҵĵص˶һȭͷСǳ֮ӵ˳
ôһȭͷСǳ֮ҪȴӵôǳɳҪٱֻҪһǳ֮վͲҪǲɼǳɳˣһǳ֮˵Թˡ
סǳ֮һͻȻһȭͷСǳ֮ȻޱȵĳأҪһʱд½á޴󷨡պԪΪӵԵʣ껹һȭͷСǳ֮
˿һһǳ֮棬ûмڡ塱޵˼յ꾶ֱããǿշȥͼһǳ֮Ȼд½˵
ǳ֮ǳ֮
ģôһǳ֮㹻˵ˣ
һôһǵǳ֮ҪǼɼǳɳˣǵǳ֮Իȡ⼸ǳǳɳһ̫ˣ
һɹǿȵĻͻȻǵǿյһص׵ȻʿӦˡ
ص׵ľ𶯣ǳɳĳ֣Щʿ˵ǳɳǶΪҪĶˣһӦص׵͸˹
ǳ֮貶ĿĹâյܹǳ֮ĹȫסһҪ뿪շȥʱǳ֮Ĺâҫˣ˷ˡ
ʱ򼧳ջûдǵ뿪һ洫ĸѶ֪ã˵̰ΪµĶǿҵ̰Ŀպηǳ֮Ϊ֮
ȻЩѶϢûãһȻֻżշ˹
ѣôһǳ֮Ҳò꣬βóһ
ǰǳ֮Ϊأôһǳ֮ػд½ܻὫľȫľûд½ͱǳ֮ˣǷǳɱһ飿
ȭͷСǳֻ֮ҪĴָСһȿɣѣҪ̫ˣ
һѶϢĳżտӿЩʿ꣬żջ㼯ѶϢΪӴһʼʩչֶܸӦ˻ʱͬҪķѾ
ʮţһ˲佫ǧĻʩϣȻȻγһɲѶ񳱣ѶΪ򵥵ҲΪЧĹֶ֮һǿʱܹôӴĻ
˼ոǵʱôӴĻһ˲ȫӿ˹пֱӰѼյűըʩչѣͻһ˲Ϊâ
ֻҪһɢôסǳ֮Ȼ׹ЩʿͿ˳µĽһеǳ֮
ЩӴѶϢһ֪Щûаġ
ֳһ־Ϊһƾ궼ѲĻâȻЩͷɨͬʱַֻΪһѶһѶŤ
ϡ΢СĻƣȻӼ״֮зƳȥ͵ꡣ
ϡ΢ĻƣӽһԺȻбһŤ־Ŀֲ֮һ˲Ӱ˵ꡣ
ȳżճ꣬Ƶ͵صתͷسźһײɱ߻ħĶһԼıըЩ׷յ˲䱻ش
ʹ꼼
ˣǷˣΪʲô֣
ûǳ֮ӦúȽŶԣʲô
׷Щʿ꣬ͻȻ䷢˱ʣ׷׾ޱȣһæԱ㡣
ҵʱӰεĻâȻĽӽһ˲ֽͼ걬顣
Щ߰꣬ҹȣսԶԶҹÿһ궼ԾˣһЩþĻ꼼Ҫ͵ϮɱһҪЩ
ԸЩƺҪģâܹϢЧڵľʩչʹ꼼û뵽ҲܹӳãЩľĹȻǳ΢
ʹصĻ꼼ԽǿõĿԲԽ󣬼ղʹֻ꼼ûжãͬȾ֮£ԭΪʹֻ꼼Ч֮ǰҹЩԹʹֻ꼼£Щҹֻݵãһ£ȻͻӦ
ҹЩǵ֣һᶨޱȣټľЩҹĸ֣ʹֻ꼼û̫á
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Ծ֮ƶ䣬ЩӿѶ񳱵סһ£ճЩ˻ҵʱסǳ֮һ·쭣ܿǷ˳½޾ǿա
ӶɵҹĻս֮У͵ѧһЩļɣһãȻá
ǿСıܹЩŵǣסǳ֮ھҪľʱػд½סǳ֮δԶԶȥҲʯŶǳ֮Ǵ½Ħðݳҫ۹â
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ǳ֮ݺݵ׹ڶ̶̶ƽһ׵СЩػյޣһŵֵܿشǸС
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ӦһһĸоջۣվһֽţҪȥöѻǰĺԪ̫ľ
һӰȻֳ͵̧ͷüͷشԶһŴŵŮЩɬǾޱΪʲô
뿪ʱ򣬾˵ǾޱҪ޸뾻ˣ嶯ᱡǾޱϢʱзǳ죬Ŵӳ뿪Ϊ˶壬úͳ˽֮⣬вǾޱԭ
ᱡǾޱԺ󣬼о¼ŮˣҲʲô˵Ҫ޸뾻ݺ͸ԶԶܿǾޱˡ
Ҫ뾻֪ǾޱЩԺ󣬻Ӱ뾻ݵ飬׻˵֮޲ۣôᱡǾޱҪǱ뾻֪֪ᷢʲôˡ
Ϊӳ뿪ԺûлŮˣ֪ŴιͷŮ˾ȻԱš
ȻһպȻʶǾޱǵʱ򣬶¶֣һû˿Щ̶һμǾޱһǰǾޱѿˣԲûǾޱڸĻ
һ뷨Ժйһ飬ûмͨԪ˫˸˸ĿǾޱ
ôң
Ǿޱ·һֱǶĬĬעһ촽һѰζĻȣңΪʲôϴδʱҪƴңУңΪʲôᡭô޳ܵᱡң
ͼ֮⣬ֻһͷͷޣûڵʱǾޱƺһӷſԼͻȻࡣ
Щ飬ԿЦҡͷεϴǲѾ˵ֻҪҽĸŮͳδҶᱡЩһʹ
˵ˣǾޱãȻ˭˵ˣô֪
Ϊ֮ᣬɫȻߵǾޱ㵽ô
ô仰ӦŶԣǾޱȻŹһ£Ȼͷ̾ԭӦú뾻ݳ׵ģȻ飬ԾԼǲʵûڳ壬ԾͶԴӳ뿪ˡգôֵ飬˵ôԴң
һͷʶŮ˹ȻҪȵҪѶԸĶ࣬ЦҡҡͷһҲ֪ôһ£ǸܱǸڶεʱΪ㣬βš鲻жذɣӦáӦòӰ쵽뾻ݲŶԣ
ҾúأҾӺףԲǾޱһɫ̧ͷٵɨ˼һۣѸٵͷ뾻ݹϵѺã˵֪ôԴδޣ˵ʲô뷨
Ǿޱ㵽ôɫԽԽˣǿˣŮǹҲġ
²û뵽㾹ȻѾͻƵ֮ţʱ䣬ҿ춼ǳոһʯӦҲǱŪİɣ㿴ǳƣǲǳʱ̫ǰźԪӦץʱָŶԣҶ»ԽԽġ
Ǿޱб˼һۣ˵
ιأüͷһ壬ͻȻһ̾ƽǾޱһεҲԣҲȹֲǳң˵ɣʲôֻҪܹæģҿ԰㡭
ǾޱĬü΢壬עżգЩζ
֮Ǿޱ̾Ϣվתȥգ㲻ǷʲôʵʵǷġԲ𣬿Ĳδ󣬺ˣ֪˼ˣİɣԺҲˣھͻس壬ȥ뾻ݳס
Ǿޱ˵ţӰįسȥƽԶԶ˹
ؿǾޱıӰûɵģкȻЩһ£ͻȻǾޱ뾻ݡôһ£֮ǰҾǵʱ˵ֻȥΪҶΪʲôΪʲôڳ壿
һͣתǾޱǿɬһ˿ԼĵĴǣѵ뾻ݱһĸ֣ɽ׺ҳԺֳ˳峤ҶҪӰصģϣΪľδʥ뾻ݣѺעĺö󡭡
뾻лΪʥӢΰҼַǳĽӣ޸Ҹŵ
ĿͻȻһ䣬ǾޱƲƲ죬Цգף𣿡
ЩΣոЦֻǾ뾻Ǹķѡ㲻ϲĻɾܾһŻ°
ϵתΪɬǾޱȻҡͷҶҰŵģҾܾŻ£Ҹסĸ׶о޴Ӱ죬ΪŮܹТ
ΪĸҪίȫԼһҸȥƺֵáҿҿôʡ
ҸôǾޱϻӶԼյȻΪӡ
ĸӦΪŮ룬֪ŮԸ⻹ҪǿŮϲ飬ָĸҲգ
ȷǼʵ뷨ȻҶ塢˿ԲϲãһҸΪ£뾻ݵĳ룬ֺαΪָĸԼһЩЩԲܹӱ˵ķԸĸ֮ΥʱҲҪΥ
ãҲȥˣǾޱԣͻȻ¶һЦôԭ΢Цżգ̶ô󣬲Ҳɣ
ʼ磬յ⡣
գղٺǾޱ˵ʲôǷǲһԪǾޱע¿ʼ̲ص
һʵ̫󣬴ǳ֮ǻصд½ֱʣ಻ľȫľˣҪȻʱǳ֮ԿƣֱӺ˵ص
һֲ֪˶ãֻ֪һԪбΪͨʯ顣
úԪ꾫ʱȻȻԼġ޴󷨡ԺԪӴע֮еʱٶֿͣܵļޡ
һδúԪͨ޴󷨡ʱϥǶĶ죬żҧгݣֹסĲ·Ѿ߻ħһ㡣
֪á޴󷨡ʱԱһĵҹҹϢĳһͻȻܲסҪôҪô߻ħ
ʱȻţͨ޴󷨡Ҳ֪˶ãһδγܵʹ֮УǾþĥµ״꾫Ѹٻָ

³һջȻ˫ǳ貶ĿһȻָֻ׵ڡ
ƳһǾޱһæǾޱô
Ǿޱһ㲣⣬ƺһȦۿںڣ·켸ҹϢ״̬䲻ѡ
Ǿޱһ£ֻȥĬ죬Ŵͷ˵¡ʱ
һůȻȫյʯĳͻȻѿһ϶
ͻȻվڶ̶һȦȻѸٵǾޱԣַǾޱĺ󱳣ֽųļ껨飬еɫ֭ҺһСƿӽš
Сƿīɫ֭ҺֳܿǾޱУղɷ˵ҰСƿ֭ˡ
Ҷ֪֪֭СƿõֵԪʯǾޱҫżա
ֻ֪㣬Ҷ֭㾫ĻָЧҶ֭Ȼ󣬵̶ȱݡüͷճϻ
ǾޱһЩֱӵ⣬ǵ֮Цݣһ̣ûкҶ֭ǾޱƺѾָྫ
˳ӵĽƿҶ֭ȫȥǾޱɫĺ·һ˲֣СĽʢšҶ֭СƿǾޱǺЦȻƿӺƯ͸װҩðɡ
ֵǮĶҪŰɡһڣվ֪Լ˵˾ϻǾޱѹûнƿӻ˼ʱǾޱͽƿ֮
ղ׼ɿסǾޱ֣ǾޱͻȻһ૵֪ǲǳʱ䲻˶ˣϥǾȻһûСô˵ţǾޱӵѾȫ䵽ʱ򼧳ҪͻȻ֣ǾޱҪų첻ɡ
ôһվҪֶˡ
ȻͱƣҲԵЩף׼˵ЩʲôʱͻȻĲѸٹ
ɫͷ˹ķȥ˼Ż˭̶
ʱһСӰЦӯӯԶɱ
磬᲻أҪǲҿҪȥѪɽඣ
ۻּ䵴ж֮䣬ϵηöഺŮĿɰķʽ˳
۵һ𣬲ǼջǾޱɫһ䡣
磬ɩɩӣ۹ԺЦͻȻˣŵĿһַǾޱļգָ˽Ͱ͵㣬ǣǡ
ȡΣ֪˵Щʲô
СۣҲɩӣҽУǾޱɫһ֮󣬾ȻѸٻָƽ˵û飡
㣬ڽǰͻȻ뿪ѵѵΪΪ磿ԽܣϵҡͷۿƺͻȻʪ
ǾޱĬȴȻ
ǸСۣҺǾޱʵʵոЦŽ͡
磬ö˵ˣ۾ϹܹһҡͷͻȻת汼ȥ磬㣬ϲҲ㡣㣬ȴһ㾹ȻҴŮˣ㡭̫ʧˣ
ۣҲŮˣǾޱȻվ۵ıӰغȵ
ʱʲôȥԱʱٶȱ˳ȥգ۾ʧˡ
Լϲˣ˱ŮѾһǳʹ飬Ů˾ȻԼѾ˵ɩԺʹ͸ˣ۽ܲʵֻҪ뼧պǾޱԶԶأ뿴ˣֻܹжԶ߶Զ
Բ𡭡Ǿޱ֪˵Щʲô֮󣬲Ǹ
ҡҡͷ΢΢üͷˣûʲôϵˡ
㲻ȥ׷Ǿޱһ㶡
׷ʲôȻѾͷԣ׷ȥҲûʲôá
صԺ󣬽쿴뾻˵ˣ㡭ѵģӰ뾻ݵ飿Ǿޱ۾һ
ˣҲ˵ʲôֹ߾֣ô˵飬ҹܲһμֵʱһԺͽ顣
ôܹͣ͵𣿡
պȻĬһɫȻû飬ҲûʲôҲʲô
Ǿޱ֪ǲǺҶ֭Ǳԭ򣬾ԽԽˣĿҫĹԽԽҡ
ˣö˵ʲôˣ㻹һʱ䣬ߣʱ뿪ҪԸҲ⡣һ£Ǿޱԥһ£Žͣؼе⣬׷֮ʱȽգзִ磬ҪΪҵʲô
Ǿޱ˵ʲôվֱߵǳ֮׹Ѩ֮ڣԻָ׵ĶѨ֮ڣһĽǳ֮ӵص˳
Ҫһǳ֮壬һؾ磬һαʱپǣ


210 Ǿ춾
ǳ֮ǰ羧Ө͸꣬ϵתš
һĿ⣬ӼʮָָâȭͷСǳ֮棬ǳ֮ʮâ£貶Ŀı˹âһ˿˿ܼˮһҺ壬ǳ֮˳
һֻ֣ϣǳ֮Һסǳ֮ڵҺ壬ģȻγһССУеתҺһʧ͸˼յġ
Ȼ䣬ΪһԴ嶼Ƥ棬ǹԣ˳Ԫ
ԶǾޱĿڼϣһգգ
֮ǳ֮壬һ̫˿͸ˣ֮ʱ򣬾ܹͰʿ͸Ųʤ͸һأ̶̼ʱ䣬ͻƵ֮ٴκͰ͸᲻ʤأǾޱ롣
Ǿޱ֪͸ǰѾնڶ֮ˡ
ʱʱţǳ֮岢ûвá޴󷨡ֻԪǳ֮еľЩǳ֮͸֫ٺ
֮ҪԱǵǳ֮һһ壬֮бҪӵÿһǳǳ֮Ȼһ˵͹ܹ̫ǳ֮⽲һ⡣
һǳǳֻ֮Ҫһܹ㹻ĺô˲жĺôĽ
ˣûԴ߷ڼ޵ġ޴󷨡߶ǳ֮ڵת֪ڵĽ͹Ҫǳǳɳǳ֮һǳ֮ӵ̫࣬
ǳ֮ʱ򣬼ķʰĸоǳ֮֮ƺ˸õĸӦǻߡ
º󣬼ͻȻתĹһ˲ȫȥ
վɨǾޱһۣǾޱݺ񾲵Ƕȣһ˹ˣСһ㡣
ƺҲ쳣ҲӶ̶зڳ䵽˼յԡ
ޣһӶ̶Ӹۼߣһ׹ĬĬڵȺʲô
̶޶ΣŸӦַǳԵޣֻҪǿвǵ￿ǺԶܹ
޺ͼյĶǾޱʶ̶ܻӭˣһǾޱʶֻҪ뼧սһЩȥ
᲻ᡭ᲻ǳ˹ˣǴۿ֪ϢԺ˵ҲҶҵˡǾޱ૵
ᣬ뾻ӦòˣУһ̶뾻ݹǲһٴеģҡͷ͡
Ǿޱ΢΢һǿЦЦͺãҪĸһһ桭治֪Ǻˡ
ɳɳĽŲԽԽƺ̶֪޾ĳڣûпټ˼
һһмʮʿïִԺ¶Ϊһòα뺷ȻһαɱǱӵĻ
㣡ѵ㻹ӻʱ̫һֻ΢һһȻ
ףŮȻҲڣ̫ˣǾޱɨһۣͻȻ£Ц
Ǿޱһú˽һԲ
ӳԺ󣬼վ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰǾޱҶ˶ˣҶҴǰǴ㽫Ǿޱ޸뾻ݣϣ뾻ݽɻڴܹ֮ΪҶҴ档
ҶΪߴ֮һ鲼¸䣬뾻Ҷҵ֧֣ĵĵλ棬ҶҺ뾻ݵҲ뾻ʵٻߡ
ΪӣҲδʥѡ֮һȻ뾻ݵԼĵ˿ϣ뾻ݺҶҽ˳ɹ
ҶǶõҶǰϢ֮ȻҪƻⳡ뾻ֻҪܹǾޱ֮ǰǾޱĸŮˣٽϢɢȥô뾻ݾ;ԲȢǾޱ
ôһҶҲΪ뾻ûŮ˶ˣŻ²ǿ϶ģ˵ܹ뾻ݴ鷳
һ仰֪ĵӦòΪǾޱҪȻǾޱ֮ȣΪǾޱȻΪ̶գΪζնض顣
ľ޴ͷ­ͺһ̶֮쳹
еôһͺ֮£ҡͷԣʱ׼ɱЩвǵࡣ
һˣ㻹ô𣿡ȻһЦͻȻһɳ죬һֱȥ
֮Хա
Ȼֻͻһ㾳磬ȻȴܹշУԪܹ顣
˭˵ҪˣЦЦƳһԵͺˣ³泤ϣ㿴
ͺ˵ʹۣƳ˼һۣͷȻɳһС
շеļգһС죬׼СӦҫѾӽӴȡ˳
֪СδŶڰͻȻըѿųһտ̫ͼ
ͣ
ƿƳգһ֧ɳľ޴˺һ㣬ͻȻԶſնֱֳִ֣һʵı֮ɳʯһÿôȻ׷ױ鿪
̺֮һ޼᲻ݵϢΪԵ·Ҫеǰɷ顣
ɫȻһ䣬ղҶ룬УȫԪ̲صս塣
֮ǳ֮һ飬Ҳ̥ǣļգ֮״̬ȣŴȵߡ
ΪˣȥԪеʱԪֿͣһ˲䣬֮ѾӯӴʱ˲²ĸо
ھܹԪƺҲ࣬һ̲ڵԪԶԶ֮ʱܹյġ

һҫΪѪѪ֮УѪʽ֮ݿһǳɣһɻصĿֲ̲Ѫ֮УɽӾһ㳯ӿȥ
ıըӶ̶б£һĿĹâͻȻ֣ĺͷųһɹҵ˳˷ӿ
һ֮ضɽҡһſŲʿǱ߽ϽһʱֱܲӱǱըɷ顣
ըһƬĿ꣬Ҳ̶ãûһɳ֦ûһȭͷСʯ顣

յڵصļգֳֳ΢΢ַֻ飬ȴһǿҵս˭
оĳͷųһ֧˾ͨİʿһ֧̺Ҫ͸ȫһҪ֣ڱһ̣տһ֧ͨͨҫ׵ǰ档
һ֧ͨȻܹ˾޴˵˲Ԫ֮ڼշ裬ҲȻﵽһ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ǸͺߣһľŵĿֳֳȻվļա
ǾޱҲǳһĿǲ죬֪ҲûϵزһӳһλþȻŪô󶯾ֱǿɽˡ
ηһȣȻԶֻһֳ־޹ŵĵһϼ񹫱ð˳
񹫣һɫ죬Ϊŵһ֣ǧδ̶ðȻҳ֣ΪΣ
˵иػ̶ʶʶʲôôȻ͸ְʿò֪Ѷˡһ鴫ȤĴżգ̾
һյʶķʽ
˿Σ΢΢һЦν֣ǲκ͵ϮСڵǿʿȻ˵֣Ȼܹӵһʵ֤ȷˡ
ٷϻ̶Ϊ£ղ͵
һֻҪСֵԸҴӶ̶ߣԺСֵκ飬ɽҡЦ
Ǻ֮ˮʡ
۾һɫЦݸŨˣСֵܼȻô˵ĴԲˡ
̶Ǻ֮ˮֻҪСֵԸҿԸκδۡСֵܣ˵غ̶ӦÿԺͶ̶޹ͨԺ˵ðǣֻϣܹö̶ڵǺ֮ˮǴ󶯸ɸꡣ
̶ûǺ֮ˮҪʧˡҡͷ
üͷ壬ȻСֵܺαô飬Ǻ֮ˮȻ󣬵ܹŵ꣬ѵܹ⣿Сֵܣ˵ɣ㵽ҪʲôֻҪܹõģҵᾡΪ
˶٣ֵ֪ŵҪǿеõ̶Ǻ֮ˮʵҲһѵ顣ôȰΪСֵδ°Ҳö̶ܵ˺
һͻȻôҪǺ֮ˮ
һϲȻֻҪСֵܰң㽫Ӯŵ꣬ҿСֵʵ֮ȴܹһʵסȻҲ֪Сֵ˭Ҹҿ϶Сֵܽһ°֮һ룬Сֵܽһõŵĵط
ԭǲûнҵݸȻԥһ£ȻһЦãҸǺ֮ˮ
Уϵϲɫˡ
ɫһ䣬Ϊ죬̶Ǻ֮ˮҥɢȥģ̶֪ѹûʲôǺ֮ˮͻȻ˵Ǻ֮ˮУ֪ʶ˲ס
Ȼ΢΢һЦͷЦ˵㿴ҿԺͶ̶ôѺãҿΪκ飬Ǻ֮ˮȻҲڻ¡
еЦŵͷ̾СֵܹǳˣҪ˶ã¾ͻһİʿˡ
л佱սеҫ𣬴ӽӴȡƿ춾һӣ춾ڰУż˹ȥ
ֽСƿ춾ץУЦݲοʹ죡һ˶̶ȷľܹõǺ֮ˮȻܹϵСֵкۣʹ죡ʹ죡
ϣǺ֮ˮ̫һ㣬˵˵ءæ۽ס͵һҪͨ춾񹫣й֪ոõóǺ֮ˮ¼ջͼ񹫽ãǵķҡ
ϣСΪҪҪԣǸͺü
ŵġ춾ʲôܹܹңȻʧЦֿһͺˣ񹫻˻֣ҪǾ綾ҷ£ǱͲҪñˡ
Ǿǡ춾պٺЦ
СֵܱЦЦȻ˵˵˵⣬ŵù㡣ˣûЩⲻȥӡ
ô˵ţ񹫾ͽ춾Сӽ⿪ӣƺá


211 һؼҰɣ
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Сֵܣô£ȻԵĿżգʲô⣿
ûҸһ£ƿĶаĺָܰ
޷ŵù㡣񹫺ǺһЦҲ֪ĶԼշģ޿֡
ܻܲط˵顣
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ߡ֣ż̶񹫴ذΧһΧͼ֮⣬ֻײеӺݺݵصż񹫡
Ǿޱ֪ͼ񹫿϶Ҫ̸֪ȤԶԶܿ
Сƿ춾һȻ⣬Сֵܵģ˭ܹҵĽʲôҪ󣬲ֱ˵ֻҪܹģҶȫ㡣
Ϊյ׼һЩܹ֪
ҡҡͷյʵŵģŵġ춾
СֵܻڿЦѵڻŲңЩˡ
ô˵ɣոĽƿ춾ȥǰ۷֮ҲһһҸҿ϶ȼʣջ˸ֹƣҸú˵һ˵ҵõ춾ľ
˽֮ӿؽԪ֮еıԴ֮֮⣬ûйԼΪգڶ֮빱͡۽׶Ƕµһ顣
żյĽһʼΪȻļ񹫣ɫҲ꣬һ׼ᶨٵķӼս鵱µĲ顣
հһȫԺ󣬼ɫޱȣ˵Ͱ͸ŹᣬҪͨŵġ춾ңȻ۽׵Ķӣ
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еţôܹ֤˵һʵüʡ
򵥡ȻһЦͻȻſżȥͬʱʼϵԪյĻϢ
պͼԻޣȫԪյյĻϢͨյ񹫾ڸʱͻȻԼĻϢڼ֮С
ôһ˲䣬ϵͻȻһ䣬䡢նеϢϵ
գʧһš
һֽԼջأ˳ҲĵյϢԪ֮УָļգЦЦʵ˰ɣ
յϢôģΪʲôܹĻϢסţ񹫳һĿ˸˸ĿżգΪʲôΪʲôЩող˵Ѿ춾ȥˣ˵ҾˣΪʲôҪô
һ£ֵ㵥ҵѵҳɱ㣬ֻҪһյĻϢҲûм壬Զûϣ۽ϺͰ͸ڶȣĵĵλ˿Զҡ˵һ£ôΪʲô
ȣɱңߣ࣬סңհȻһЦû¡춾ȻҵԭҾǱ˴˺˫
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յͷ΢Ц˵̶ûҪĶҪͻƵŹ֮ӦΪɽλʥĸһս˵ˣһǧѷĺûᣬ԰ɣ
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˵ҽ֮󣬾ɽλƻָҲ鷳ŲţͻȻ
˻񹫺ȻȤ
ţһֱߣ֪ʲôԭ򣿡
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ɽǬڵĴϣ֮һֱߣΪɽӣ𣿡Ϊ˴ԼĿģղϧù壺պ
˻һһһؾȣϵصͷѹ֣ѹˡ
񹫵ķӦüЩɻûϵ񹫾Ȼôˣ׼һ˵ǣ񹫵ӣӦòˡ
뾻ݽ׵ĺҳɽʱϸʹʱĳңֻǿһۣ׹һľأй㼧յļһԺлطţûʲôȴֻǶļ佻Ȥ񹫽͡
һն֪ôһ˵üͷȻʶ˵ĻЩ⹫һַĬĬעֻ֪
ˣյ
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ãǿϸ̸̸ˡչЦŵڴ֮ǰͷ㻹ǰѡ춾ңûκκô
û⡣ȻӦûԥֱӽŶĶҩ½С

һ򣬼պͼһ·ЦŴ˳
Щ塢ŵĸ֣Ǿޱɫ죬Ϊʲôպͼô̸·֮һС
߰ɣǻȥ񹫳ԺԸһ䡣
ϣǣǣɫǾޱֿ˿գæռŶ̶ֻҪǽɱ̶޻̷׵Ǻ֮ˮǿͳͳǵˡ
˵ǻȥҵĻüͷһ壬ɫȻ
ˡ֪ˡ΢ͷæӦŵбɻ֪񹫺ͼ˵صĽ̸ʲôϰ¡
ӽ֮ŵ˲׼ڶ̶κ˲׼Щ޵ƽ𣿡ɨЩŵһۣ
סŵȻһɻȴһӦ
šɫĮĵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦԼյСֵܷģ֮Լһǣһʱ䣬һȥǱһˡ
ãһᰲźߵ顣Ц
ɨ˵ʹͷһۣеɫЩѰζ˺һ뿪·һ̸
Ŷֻܹ
񹫵һ߿Щת֮뿪տż񹫺ıӰʧǲɹһЦݣ֪һɣģ˭˭ͷɣ
񹫺ŵ˺ܿʹӶ̶ʧˣ̶ãȻΧżȥƺͨʲôЩƽļһȫߵġ
ǾޱҲü΢壬ȴûѯʲôҲû͵˼ȼ񹫺ŵ뿪Ժ󣬼ڶ̶ޡ
ȭͷСǳ֮Сƺûиı٣ȻҪǳ֮ľȴ㹻շԼгƺҪ֮󣬿ʼűĵڶǳǷȥ
ľ飬ǵᳵ·ҲϹײмƻǳߺѰǳɳ
ֱ꾫Ҫľʱ򣬲Ŵǻ
úԪֽľָ۷֮󣬼տ˿ڶ̶滨֮Ǿޱһۣʵһ˶೤ʱ䣿
¡ǾޱݳһƵЦ⡣
ˡ૵ͻȻǾޱҪ뿪̶ˣʲô㣿
˻һǾޱϵЦȻʧӰ٣ϰǾޱȻصʵȻңҾˣʲôʱҪͻˡ
һʱ䣬ǽԼȤתƵ̶滨棬ټһ̶ֻͼڣÿһδ֮ת콲
Ǿޱǳϲְǵż飬·һֱǳԷſԼרϲĻΪ飬ǾޱһֱҪȴòġ
ãڼ˵Ҫ뿪̶һ̣Ǿޱػʵ
ڶ̶ڶ̶ʲôʡ
ȥʲôطǾޱԳĿЦʵѵҶң˽Դӳ뿪Ҷ˵ҵΪѾҶߣһҶֻͶҶұػȥ壬ȥ뾻ݵŮˡ
ҪȥѪɽɣһؼҰɣҽȥԯȿ԰ﵽǼˡѿڶһڣЩˣǾޱ԰ģЩġ
㣬ԸȥԯȣȥǼңǾޱ۾ͻȻ
߰ɣȥԯȼңһҽǳЩ˵˵ĵǸյǾޱľ޴ϲ֪ΪʲôǾޱϲģҲЩڴ


212 ս
Ͷ̶޸ʱ򣬼պǲᣬЩһֱӶ̶͵δɽı߽磬ʼղδ󣬿ɽǰʱͣ
ջǺǾޱ߳δɽǰɽͣ
һɣɽɽﲢûΪҵ뿪κθı䣬ɽɽһ鼧Ҳ棬ָۡ
Ǽĵطվɽɽ£ǾޱűֱϵǽڣɫȻ
ͷָһĿĵСȻǰһȵĲδɽ壬һΣһɽ壬һĹڲȥ
֮һεļҲҵһɽ壬һָͷСĶѨҲģʲôûб䣬ֻЩĲߣԭļˡ
ǸʱļңӲдû㹻Ԫʯûг͵ʿ֣˵£ˮƹԣκһ֮ĸ־ҶҪСĽ
ջŹȥĵεΣ㱡
ͬ˰ҴҶǰʱΪҪɽԵʣǼĳǣɽǼҪǼˣһҪ򲻵ѣǧҪǼҽ𡣡
ĸǶҶ֪һЩǼҵ֪ǼѪɽĵλ֪Ǽյߴѷɫ١Ȼʵ죬ȴԺŵļ潻ܣǼһԯҪ˶ãҾͿߴˡ
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ҡҡͷһ̾ǰǼʵõʱ򣬺ܶ˲ὫҼҷϣǼҲΪĿĿ꣬ڲͬˣǼԺٵΣһͻ
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ͼ̸ͼ񹫴ĳЭ飬ˮƹˣˮƹŵǱڵ˿ѪɽǶʿŵʿΪʲôҪôǾޱüɻ֮ǰĽ£ʣӴˣеɻ¶
δѶѡƳǾޱһۣͳʸΪǿʢļ֮һˮƹĻңǼѪɽǿʢܹвʸҵλʱ˵ʸһô룬ֻô
ѹǾޱ̽ѯʡ
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ͼ񹫽ã᲻ӰǼѪɽĵλУ񹫺ŶˮƹһֱҰĲô᲻᣿ǾޱЩġ
Һͼ֮䣬ֱӵҲŵԸԼҵˣֻҪģҲ±˵ʲô뾻ݳʥĺˮƹΪҺ뾻֮鱣ֺƽˮƹĶһ¡
һ£ֵ㵣ļ񹫺ŻˮƹĲ£׽ֻҪǼǿһزֻҪҼձʵ񹫣Ÿûеˮƹҫ
뾻ݡ뾻ݡǾޱͻȻֱżգۻȥ֮ѵ뾻֮ΪңΪҶ񣿡
뾻µˣҲһЦֵҽҫУһΪʥ֪ôġ
ΪʥǾޱһͻȻѵѵͼ̸֮ǣ浽ǣ浽ǾޱЩţе㲻żô̫żܹӰ쵽ĵƣҶڶ԰쵽顣
߰ɣȥҳתһȦɽǷ仯Ȼ˵ͻȻתɽķȥ
մǾޱҳԺ󣬾ֱųȥãڳվ
ֻǿһ۳ǰձһǰİףǰʶ֪ȥ˺δ֪ԶɽţֻҪԶɽڳѾˣԶɽǲҳǵĳ˵ˡ
λ磬ҳǵĳԶɽüͷѯʡ
Զɽһ׳һڽЦݣҡҡͷһǰԶɽͲҳǳˣҳǵĳ˵μˣԶɽٺ٣˵Ĺܼۿȥˡ
μɫһͻȻʶԶɽۿɽѾȥˣμȻΪҳǵγζӦòҳǵ
֮ΪʵѧʣһΣͽҳЩҵ˴ɱҳ»ָ̫ƽҳǵһҳǰյʿ嶼ǳ˶ҳǵԶɽˣǲ˲ֹһ㡣
ͷûж˵ʲôתҪ뿪
̫ˣֻҪӳڴһԹķңڴʵǳ΢Ȼļȴ
ɫȻսŲͣͣͻȻתʵǲһȳȵ
ʶĸǸԴ׳һ㶣æʵ
û뵽ܹһ˳ڣճЦһųȥ
˭㲻ܹȥֻͨԺſԽȥСӣվסҰĵط
һյ鲻ԣֹ
ͺһͻȻһ֧֣ؾ֮ȻΣȻųײȥ
飡
ײڳ֮ϣŴҵĺͻȻķѣĴţһ˲䱬鿪
ʲôˣһͻȻӳڴǹ˸һӰȻڼǰ䶨ֵ׳꣬ϸܵɽ룬һɫۣȻ
ŴʱѾķѣڵѶһŭݣ֮佫ѾļպǾޱ˰Χ
ҲûһۣվֱȥȻһ˲Խˣ˲ϢͣڿޱȵĳԺСȻˣɷӻһӣǰû
ذҴһȵɽĸȻڴԺУɽĸЩɻżա
ʱ꣬ɽĸû̫仯һ˼ģȻļȴ˾޴仯˲ͻʶǰȻͬɽĸؿżգһʱ侹Ȼûϳ
˲ԽȥĳμתصͥԺڣȵСӣô
ףⲻǣⲻǳү𣿡ڲ˶ˣһЩӽԾڳڣһϳ뿪һʱļա
һɽĸɫϱһμ˵ʲôɽĸѼһֹЦָżȵհգû뵽ܹ㣡
μ˲䷴Ӧɫһ䣬ȵҳǼҵļգСӣҳǵĳԶѾҳ֮ݲҰٸȥ
Ҳɱ潸뿪Цһûнμвһչҫ˲ֳһȵѪ֮ͻȻӳ֮ͷų
վڼǰμ׵ĸӦҫ֮еѪɱμ۾һţƳһЩɽĸߺȵգˮƹҳǣһǵĸۡҳǺˮƹΪУ
ѾôμҫһһƥѪӵȻݳȥֻɽĸȥ
ҫһ̣ɽĸʶյļѾȣЩԽԽ󣬿ڰдϢɽĸҲ֪Щ꼧սɿ졣
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Ͱ͸ЩŸʹõĹͬͷγɵɫֻǴԪĸӲģɫʵ壬ûа͸Щһϵľ޶ˮ
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һЦյδʱҼǵϹһͷȣȴƬʱͣ˳ȥٺ٣Ҫٴ㱾ȴû˵صĻᣡ
գ㣬㲻Ҫ̫֣ôǲǸûнʸңˮƹμɫ󺰴С
ҽʸҽˮƹˣûнͨλ³УҳǵĳԶ壬䣡Ц
ãȻ˿ҵҪǲдԵı£μŭЦգƻʸˮƹϣ˶Ǽ֤ߣΪҳǵһֹ֮ҳף
ٺЦҡͷյһࡣ
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ҺСӣμһļϣ˻һۣᣬͻȻһ֡
ͷȴӵһһλΪɫߣɽĸĵ㷱֮ҫҲżɱμһɽĸͻȻһ䣬һ򼧳գָ繳һĿĽⱬʵֱ弧յǡ
ɽĸμ֮ĺǳĬ˳ֵʱƺǧһ㣬һһңȵļԼ
ٺ٣һԹŮϵǻͦĬҲ֪ǲһ˶ˡʱ򣬼ջһ䡣
ЩΧߣôԵİʾڣһɫŹ֣Ǿޱǲˣյĳżշ˸ۣĵǵģôôһʱ̻˼ˣ
䣡䣡
һıڳϿ𣬽к˼˶ѣ׷׳ܡ
׾֮׶Ȼʩչ鲼ףһһҳżճɽĸμˣͻȻǰһöö˸׵Ĺ˻ûзӦͷɫбըһҵ
ӦĬɽĸμԱײڱ鲼ڼÿһ֮ϣһضɽҡıըУɽĸμ˿Ѫӱһööըֱ׷ɿ
ҺƴˣɽĸӲһأһɳ죬ηĳżճ
Цеҫһ͵ɽĸͶˡ
ȻɽĸӰ;ʱͻȻı䷽ӰݵԽĸǽҴҵҪ뿪
潸ʼʩˣҵҪôܻųȥЦûᵶ׷ϣǺϾĿɽĸԽǽԶȥȥ
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żҿӶԶȻһЦƳһ۱ըĻð̵μ˵ش˵
˶ҶɽܹΪҳǵĳҲЯҳұػˣǼңһʱСԽԽ࣬ҿǼҵĩվҪˣμߺߵ
΢Цŵ˵ͷյǼһΣòģұķһ룬Ȼô˵ˣҷ㣬ҲŹңȻˣรɡ
գμɻУճǾޱ˵ͷ߰ɣȥɽĸ
Ǹô죿ǾޱȻָָμ㲻˵㲻˵Ź𣿡
μǾޱôһ˵޵ĿǾޱȥǾޱһ̲ס˼ա
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չЦҲμǾޱҡڵĳųȥ
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ƳǾޱһۣüͷ΢壬һ֪̾ϲʹոǶȷʵµģԺ󡭡Ժҿżôϲ͡͡
ûʲôǾޱͻȻضϼĻԸμɽĸˣʲôֶҶμɽĸʵһЩ˱͸
μϾҳǵĳڳɱμǹȻսغͻʸҵϣô᲻ἤҵŭ𣿡Ǿޱ޵ĵ
룬ѾʼҼˣҪȻҳǵĳμȻԷѾֺ֣αţֻڻûŪʸҵǲ˶һҪԸҼҰˡü
˱˵ǰߣûãǰһֿΧһȺڵƽЩΧڽֽΧһָ֣ǰָָ㣬֪˵Щʲô
ȻһЦյˣǰӦþɽĸµĵطˡ
ǾޱЦҡҡͷȴûж˵ʲô
֪ʲôʱڶԴյʱޱȵĿݣǰоԲԵ飬Ǽģȥ˵Լѡǡ
ߵǶȺдȥֻԶԶһۣͻͷ뿪
ɫ൹صȻɽĸֻǿһۣ֪ɽĸѾˣھɹҲԽɢɽĸȻˡ
ŵĶҩʩ׵Уͨ׶ıըеĶͷųִԵʹɣձΣִ˼ɣڼռ㲻ԪֵɱҲѾֲܿˡ


213 
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ҡڡҸԯȣԯӰ㿣ԯȱͲСڡҵӵҲӵ£ҷΪռԯȣֻɽȹȿڿš
ʿҼϺĻʿľ޳ںɽҶȻǼˣôԯȣԯȳѪɽΪĿһط
ԯȣѪɽϵĺؼҡʯʵѾԶԶ񼧼Ȼɱŵ͵ǫ飬ÿһѪʲôˣֻҪҲ룬κɶὫҵɾһҪƾ֤
մǾޱԯ棬ֻԶԶһɽڵľ󣬼ձ󶨣ǲɹһ΢ЦŴ˵ԯȣպȻʶԼôŬԭûа׷ѣڲ֪֮䣬ѾѪɽվ˽ŸѪɽҫĿһ
ջˣջˣڣСһƳſǻļգ
֮䣬ҡڡҵĸַ׷״֮߳һϲؿ뿪һʱļա
Ǽҡڡ֮ѺõŦǹڻңΪղŻԯûмڵʱ򣬹ڡȻҲͼұ飬ղڣ֮ܶ鶼̸
ڡҲϼҵļУֻмղ̸ܹҪ飬ҲֻмմӦŵǵ飬ǲܹġ
ܿ죬ձҵ´Ǽ˻ǹڡˣƺ໰Ҫδ뼧´ѾͷͣǿԯȵϢ
ȣʤ˸һʱڣùڡ鱦ǿԴӵԼıҵĶɽЩԴԴϣͨ޴󷨡ʵ񼧳Хһ༫Ϊ̿ķߣٶ֮͸Ŀˡ
ХѾ޵۷֮ʱգͻƵ֮¡СҲͬҲ޵µľˣ궼Ѿ۳
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ԴӾټǨƵԯԺ˳Ҳҵ鱨㲻ȴ´ָƣȻĳûҳǳɱ˵鶼ܹ֪˸߼ˮƹ֪μɱ֮ڳҰŭ˵շ費ˮƹȨˮƹŮʻʸ
ڳμɱϢɢȥܶ˿ʼмңһЩ˸ΪҵΪѾвˮƹкܶ಻ڼҵ۲ϵش
֪ǲΪѪɽս׳ͼҽõĺؼҺʯڵˣһʱ䶼ЩرԯȣؼҡʯڵһЩӣҪҸϳѪɽϳѪȥ
żʵ׳ԯȵǿʢģ·˶ʼôԴˣԼҵǱʶĵˣȻʱûʲôһЩ̬ѾЩѰζˡ
Ҫ˼ʲôڴ߾ʱ򣬾ۼƴ뷽跨£ңǳΪԸڻҡǾܾ֮󣬳ͼҪ׼гպһţ˵ҸܹǶǨƹ
ЩνĻңëʵʱ㣬ҪʵʵҪ൱гƵʱͻἫֶεĴѹ㣬ҪŪûвĵλǲġ
ȻԶԶǵʱǾͻʵһĽ£ƩԪڡǬڣΪʵԶԶҼ壬ǾͲʲô뷨Ҫͽš
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ʸƴǺǬڵĹϵѺãĽݼҵˮƹɶԻʸҵķԸƴӡʸҪԸǣǵڵҲԺǿⰡ
˳üҡͷһ̾Ӧ躹ޣͻʸȥʲôڳҳɱ˵飬ֻҪȥʸҽһӦþܹӦȥˣԺֻҪСĽһЩʸӦò
ԸˣԯɻǸı䲻µıԡ
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ˡ˸ԷԺ´۷׷ף˶ӣΪڴ˴ʱϾãҼûкøУͬ˵顣
ڵ˻ǶڻҰɽĽΪҹڵҲԹͷʾͬ
ǼӣЩ֧˵飬Щֹ֧ڵ飬ûʲôԸίȫʸҵͷʵеİҲ¶һҰĲΪ˺͹鶼ȽĽΪϿ˵顣
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˻һӵ´ȻǼˡ˻ǹڵˣͻȻĬһĿڵĿżա
Ȼ˭֪ԯ˼ȲǼ֮ˣҲ֮ˣǹڵ
ĻˣǼһġԯ
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ˡһͷԥһᣬҲ˵ռȻô˵Ǿƴһƴүүˣûʲô׳־ֻҪ״ȷڱһ㡣
үүģҼҲǰļңӽ֮ҲҪӱˣҲҪЦǰЩǵˣԺֻǵĽ£հȻ


214 Ҹ
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㣬ԯѾˮƹĶǳɰʸγȰ˵
£ԯȵȷǸȥˮƹһڻȨ֮ϵ֣һǬڣѾµĴţһԯȼңĵĴƣǸ谭Դˡ
ң˵Ǽպĳ峤뾻ݽ鼫˵뾻ݱż񹫻ɽǼ񹫵˼ƺ뾻ݣȥ뾻ݼпܳΪʥֺͼսá˵
̨ϵĻʸüͷ۾˼һŵ֪ˣȥɡ
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ʸûһ㷴ӦüͷԲ
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⹫ѩһ䡣
һѩѾͷһӾͺЩһֱûʲôɫСһضЩѻֱŮԺزŸ
طŮǰѵһԺԼһȫעѩϣѩҲûʧٶֱ֮ضĿࡣ
ôһظǽѩͷ⣬ΪŮռʺĵرѰʺؼԼеϣͼŮϡ
СѩģҵĺӲˣҴӦ㣬һΪ㸸ĸ𣡡ؿοѩһ䣬ɫȻһߵտޱߣȻҵ˶ɱСҪ
⹫ҪְƤѩƽκ˶ܹе⡣
˺ˣʱүһɱСӡѩļ򣬱ͷ˻ʸγһۣүߣ̸
ʸγĬĬͷɨѩһۣ޵үøҿѩѾͷΪˣˮƹνţѩһȽϣǿȻʧɫˡ
ѾͷԲҪǺʱһģһҪôһרעҲ޵֮˿ѩԵ÷ǳˡ
ѩѾͷСЩˣҷˡǺǣѩѾͷôɫˮƹ֪ĸСӻиءʸγֵ
ѾͷһֻҪΪĸ𣬵ѩ֮󣬿˼ɣǺǣҿɲҸѾͷ顣ش˸ƾʵ΢ĶӣСѩ
ʸγ΢΢üĵϺ굹۰Ѿͷ龹ȻԸѾͷԼϺڳҰƴҽأҵǲǿȥԺҪú̸̸ˣҪ취Ѿͷ
ءʸγ˸̥ЦԶ
ѩĮȻվԭأңңѪɽķɱȻϢӿһЩฮȻҪԶԶܿƺѩΪη塣

ˮǻʹһԺ֮ɭϱʹй֮޲κһԺᱻڰеڶ־ѯʣһп
ʸءʸγԺ󣬶һͨרõܵһԺһΪεļɽ϶ڡ
¡дһͳ
Ҫʸµ
£һ˵˵һ䣬û
һһδ£ȥ
ʸµ˵ͷɽ϶˳һ̤ʸµӰȻʧ١
ֲָĺڰ֮УȻаâֳһܷʯңʸͮһϣŹվǶĻʸ£С£ǰ£
ùãԯƴ󣬼һԯҳǳɱһʸվǶ
ЩҶ֪ʸͮ˵ͷüʵô
ԯȲܹĽݼҡ¼һֻ֣ܹвȥʸû˿ԥն
Ӧ֪մС̵ҲӦ֪պɽһλĹϵԼճ֡Ŀǹʸͮһء
ͻȻ̧ͷʸ⵶ηŻʸͮùãԸԯȣĿҪɽ֣
ʸͮһ𣬺ȻС£ԭҪԸ壣
ʸȻһֲ̬ķ֮ɫȻƽˮùãʸΪˮƹˣʵʲô鶼Ҫţ飬ɲùãΪʸ֮ΪˮƹŮʣÿ궼Ҫȥɽ밲˵ǲǺܿɱ
ʸͮüͷ˺һ˵С£ҰҲԣ෴֮Խλ㣬Ҳǿ㲻µģҪ֪Ұû㹻ʵ֧ţҲǷǳɱ顭
յȷϢںһսʱ򣬵ȷˣʸ½ضϻʸͮĻЩ̱촽һѰζЦݣʸµùãûʮİգҾ׶֣
Ŷʸͮƺ˵ȤͻȻ̧ͷֱŻʸ£мɰգ
߳ɡʸµ
ˣ㹻ˡʸͮ۾ͷЦС£֪㲻޵ķʸˣ˵ʲôʲôԸһ˵ľŹʿ
ʸºǺЦùԭһ
Ѿͷ˵˵ķУǾȥġʸͮЦһȻųҾķУһûʸҵȥ
˲ˣһʸȻһЦ֮ͣ飬˲֪Ȼף첻ڣǲᱳɽ뿪ԺػСô꣬˵ںʵֻмգգ
ʸͮͷΨһˣӼ·߶ˣҪͨԸ
ҵ뷨ǡʸµ͡
ʸ½꣬ʸͮһ˵ͷãҾûʸҵ˺һ裡

ԯȡ
ԴӼջԺԯȼҡڡҾͳһ˽ķ򣬲˼˵Ŀ̬ȣȥļ¸ԯȵ
мգԯĴ˵ܹΪŹʿ֤ܶ˶ܿҽǰ;ʱʳУ޾κ˵в
ȻԣֻҪȥҰɽˣ֪ǻҰɽҲ֪ڻҰɽ꣬˻ҰɽԴҰɽḻϡϱȱȽǣҪܹϹһϵҪҰɽЩԴʿͱ׾ˡ
Ϊߴ֮һ˶֪Ҳǲʵ϶ǳǿʢԯһǿڣȻǳܹ˹
ҽԯҪļֵϢͨҵ鱨ͷųȥԺһѶʿѾмʮˣ졢֮ʮˣʿ
ҡڡҹļȡһֱȽķ˵ļʵֻǾۼɢԯûʲô̵ԼЩǰ֮ʿ
ֻҪԯˣһҡڡҵϿɣǳԯȵһӣ֮ʿһּҡڡҵԴȻһԯʲô飬ǹڵȻҲҪͳһսߡ
ʵѪɽѪֿɵĺʽͬѪԵһɡһԯȴӿɣԵĸˡ
һ־ۼ֮ʿԯҹͬķʽܿõһЩ˵ϿɣЩһɢޣһʱ䶼ѶԯȵĿ
ɢޣһߣȻɣȴ಻㡣һ˵ϾޣһһЩ˲ףԿùһɢޣ㾳һᱻ˼ҼĸΧɱ
һĵкܺõĽһԴҲò֤㵽һЩɽȥѰʿĲϣҲпܱߡ
Ϊˣкܶɢ޶ѡΪʳͣȻûɣȴܹռ䣬ܹһݵ
ԯνļϢȥԺ֮Իӭô˵Ĺעԯмҡڡǿ֤֮⣬һɣʿǼҡڡҵūԼĵλᱻҺȥܹܵӦеء
һɣһأȻѼȴܹģΪˣԯȳɢеʥأǲϧǧҲҪԯȣΪ˲ɺء
̶̼ʱ䣬ԯֶ˼ʮˣڵĿռϾޣۼɢԽԽ࣬ҡڡһԯȺɽïּ俪µľۼأΪЩ߽һЩ򵥵ݡ
Щǧɢ޶ԣĻҪĲסĵطиطŶ˵͹ˣҪѺõΧ
ò˵ҡڡȼ֮ŹɢԽԽ࣬ԯȵȷԵСһ㣬ʱɽݾãɢޣںɽ֡
֪䣬ԯԽԽΪߵ߽϶࣬ԯȻᶨھۼһЩ̽⣬ŪС͵Ľ׻ͨ;רΪҵıߡ
ԯڸƣŰ֮ĸֽʮʱˡİʿҲΪ˽һЩ⣬ʿĵö˵ˡһ仰߼·
ԭѪɽЩɣԯھȻаʿ⣬ᶨֵĽ׻еʱҲƤԯתתƣǻȥԺֻԯȵĺô
ôһЩѪɽɼ壬ʶԯȵô嶼ԯڣһܣĵԺŻ뿪ˡ
ӦĵѪɽˣ⼸Ѫɽɽ³˺ؼҡʯڵ⣬ûʲô߶ˡ
Ȼ䣬ԯȳѪɽģ˺ؼҡʯڵЩ⣬ɵĸֶʱʱԯתת

̫ˣҪңܹѪɽ㣡ڿɺˣռԯȣʼѪɽҫͲڽǷˡؼҺѩ
Щɡˣ춼ԯܣƺͻȻûʲô˵ˣȥѪﻹǺؼҺʯڵλãʯڵĺ³ɶ
ؼҴڣؼҺʯڵһߣߵ˼¡
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ԯȵ𣬶Ѫ˵Ҳһ£ҲûκɸҶѪ˲ѷˡֹһ䣺УҿûԯȵҫڶԴǵʱ򣬻һǫѷ񰡣շԯԺ󣬵ڶѪɽݻǣΪҲǿȦɵ㰡
㶮ʲôѩ˺һۣߺߵǱ϶һǡ仹һԯȣΪߴ֮һ涼ǺؼҡʯǿԯȣЩôὫҷ
ܹƺˣȻƲ簡³ɶЦҡͷ̾Ϣƺȣ⼧սթй֮޲ڲ֪֮䣬ͰѪɽΧЩɡ£ѪеľͽѪ˵ĴȨˣƺһֱȴʼ顣
УȴԵôףò˵ҪƺĶ࣡СС;ֶΣǰ͹
ղûбЩˣЩƤȥġüͷߺߵ
ĵط³ɶϵЦԽӿɬˣò˵СǸ˲ţƫƫֱ񣬼ֱҲڰ
㿴Ǻã֪ҡҡͷȥĲаѪɽΧЩɡ壬ֻԯȣûѪɽûǺؼҺʯڰ
㷢ɣǸô죿³ɶҲŰ¡
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⡭֪֧֧ᣬűһ仰ܹԯ㣬ǵİǼȻˣҲܹ
˼ôˣغȻһԯȴûҪǵʲôѪ˵棬ԯҲʲôǺʯھ飬ԯȺʱԹ
˵˵ȥǻǿñǿƣҪ֪ԯȵ뿪Ѫɽ۵ʲôطԻķˮԯ뿪Ѫɽֻڸã˼ûߣʵѾˣѵҪôһǿѱǲŸģ
ûԯûмң㣡㣡㣡ˣǶĦ̡ϼƺЩ˵ĽˣһȻߺȣϵҲǣȻҪֹСȥԯȣ治֪һôģغȻָһؼˣغǳ
ЦЦͷ
غȻôһ˵һЩ˱ˣȻһЩͨ;ָԯȵĲǣЩмֱȺغȻ»Ҫ󣬾غȻҲ̫ӣҲЩΡ
һûӪĻԺ󣬺غȻ˿Ѫɽһٲڣٲˮһ̸ĺõط
Ǻؼһʯڣкܶ˲ԯˣҲԱ飬Ŀ˱ϾǶЩҲָʲôЩˡһһʲôǵ漤ŭԯȵǼˣ鷳ɾʹˡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҺͳմкˣһЩʲôǵҲֻֽѵһ£֡ҵǾЩһѵһЩҲãǾͻʵˡغȻЦ
˵泣͵͵ȥԯȣǲǱָɹȥģ۾һתͻȻ˻⣬ѾͷҪܹͼպˣǿԽȥؼҺԯȵĽٰ
غȻЦЦѾͷҲǳȥԯٺ٣ѵ׼Ѿͷǿ͵СӻܹôһŮûʯڣԺҲ˲ҲӰ
ֻǾһѪɽԯìܵķˣϼһ˭˵ȴûӵģСۣǲٰ¸Ц
غȻҲǺЦཻ꣬Ա˴ѾϤȻ֪Էдʲô̡

ӺؼҴԺ룬Ǿȥһԯȣ뽫ؼЩ˵Ĳ߼գϣܹѶƵķ
ԯȵǳͬǷǳԯȶЩɢ޵İԯڵղΪʺ߾ۼԯȼҡڡҵĴȺͺкøС
غȻ̸ЩغȻתգ֪ȻؼЩ˶Լնԯȷǳȴ֪غȻͼ֮ĹϵȴûΪЩı
еһͼռ֮Ӧøô̸£Լ˵̫أüкЩؼˣԼ˵̫ἧղӴ£鷢Ժ󶼲
ü氵Щؼ˲ʶ壬˶ܹԯȵԶԶѪɽǻҪѻʯǲΪѡ
ףⲻ㣿ڴʱԶ˰Цţ첽ߵߣЦʣ㣬ȥʲôط
Ȼӳ˼üƳЦݹŹֵİһۣС㰡ֵʲôطȥںؼǱߵİɣôһˣѵᱻ·°ߣ
˭ѪɽһͦأȻǳ¼ҡĽݼҵˣѪɽҲԼͿҳǳɱˣʸҲҶ˵ʲôѪɽмڣû˸ҵҵģ
ſڱտڶǼ磬С㰡ǲҪļȥڡ
ǰǣһԼ˵©죬æȥԯһЩ⣬ȥģ
ѧţʲôܹ˰ҪȥһԯȣС㰡Ǽ٣ĳ˲Ŷ԰ɣ浭
˾죬һͻȻأǲҲȥרҼ𣿡
ǣһڷ
Ů̥һ·ϲУϵػ̽еâûԯȣ·϶

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һգΡΡڲġ塱棬һȺʿĻǾۼǶ֮Իš
ոǸǸϳ塯ļһ˵Լʲôط
˵ԯȡ
ԯȣûطԲʲôɻ߼壬ǲ֪ܲ
˵Ҳ󵨣һ˾Ȼڡ塯ǼãȻܹҵôһ塯ϧֻһɢޣû塯ռǰװױǡ
ѽ˵ҲЦ˵ҪǿɱһһһСɢޣȻߵϵʿΪУȻǲ֪
Ҫãԯȵʲôط
ʿԻ
֪˶ãһөһ㣬ԶֳѸٳ߷ݹ
һ塯зֵģĺúãȴЩԳƶߵʿΧסǲ塯ռ뿪ҲߣͱЩȺ֮һͻˡѶ
ǰԯɢ֮һ֮Ϊǰһ˹ʱ򳣳˸ϵöأмЩʿһɢ
ԯԺ󣬼˵Ժʱʲô鷳´ҿһԴ˵ʱҪ˰ֻҪԯȵˣʱˣҪͬ顣
ڡ塱ϳԺǡҲļգûϳգȻ꾫ļͨϳѯԺ󣬼ʾҪһ塱Щߵʿ
ڱ棬նڶʿûкøУһ˵ӡ塱ϳǶʿҲû룬͸˹
Ǹүûаգ˸ЩȷԸ߸
ĺˣҾûаʤǣҲаսɴȥ£Ҹտοһ䣬һѾһ塱ǰֳǿҵ겨Ȼ硣
ոնԯ˳ֵģǸλú
йˣһƮ˹ոȳֵģ
ңҲˣһƮ
ˣһһȫȻ˷ӹȥ


215 ɱ
״һѼĻâϢȥһ˲䱻â͸ͻȻһĴݵ΢⣬ɢ
һӴľʩӵһ棬֮ʹǿڶԷ֮УԺеʶһȻ󷽣
걬飬ҵľʣ긲ǣ񲨸Ӱ꣬ͻȻƶþٲѡ
ôʱбһââĴ䣬ûһһ
֮䣬ռˡ塱꣬һһ
ļգһʱĥ£ļ־꼼ԽԽԺֻ꼼ʩչûжٷĵ꣬⧲֮¼Ǳɱˡ
ԶԶš塱ı䶯׼նԸЩûп塱ͼһűӲ⣬һ˲׷׻ɢ
ֱǼģ֮ͬļգȻɱźǿ൱ĸ֣̫˼ˡ
ˣǿˣ߸һûӳȥǲصǻȱһյڡ塱ͣѸٵ˱ڡ塱ǳߡ
֪˵ʲôãһлҲĬĬڡ塱ͣá塱ϲƵǳӵꡣ
ǵǳ֮󣬼嶼ǳ֮Ԫƺܹ̲еǳ֮һЩԪӡ
йǳߺǳ֮ľ飬Ե࣬һ塱ǳߣЩǳ㹻ϴ֮꣬дһǳеϢ
֪˶ã귺ƣеʱͲˣӦҲǾ̫عָȥˡ
һҲ뿪ƮƮػ塣
˫ִӽӴȡһԪúԪָԼľ̵ܶʱ䣬һԪ̲صͱ˱һգһͨͨĻҰɫʯͷ
ֽһԪӵȡһµĺԪúԪ̲صָľ
֮еļգûзһ鱻ӵĺԪϣȻƮһŨҺ壬һҺӨ״һ㻺䶯ţһԪƶһ䶯ԣɰ͵һͻȻ䵽ŵĺԪϡ
˿˿͸ϸߣӺԪбûһӨɫҺϣģҺ·˹̬ͺԪĲһģһϸ֮£·ͺԪΪһˡ
һ򣬼շеһԪֲܹΪṩ㹻üͷֽһɻҰɫԪӵóһµĺԪ
ôĵô죿Щɻ󣬵Ҳûϸ룬ռúԪ
ûãһ鱻ոӵĺԪϣһ齥ӻҰʯҺ̬һλ䶯ţеĺԪ档

߿ԪԺ󣬼üͷɻеĺԪ૵ԭÿһδӱ򷵻غԪͿԽҵľָˣôˣ߿Ԫȫ꣬ȴûлָ
еĺԪǳʻҰɫտ˿ûзʲôرģҡҡͷֽһԪӵ´ӽӴȡһµĳ
̶֮ԪΪմٿ飬ôԪװڽӴУԼľ
һԪȡԺ󣬼ղûмؿҪǲЩԪƷ⣬ĸӦʩһԪϣӦһ£һԪ̲صûбٶ١
üͷֽĸӦǼӵĺԪϣ뿴ЩԵĺԪ֮УǲԼ©̲С
ףһ˫Ȼֱֱضһ鱻ӵĺԪ档
֪쵽ʯ涼ǵ֪䵽һոֵĺԪʱȴ͵زһ΢֮
һԪһǽڼյע£·ڻһһҺ壬ż䶯˹
ˡһɵ΢֮ĻһҺͷųдһ˿棬΢ĵӡ
㣿Դ֮ɫȻһ䣬ջȻվæߵʯǰ棬鿴ʯǷȫպˡ
Զȶ֮еܹŹʿ֪ôֲˣԯȣϵʲôζɢȥҡڡһкɽЩǰɢޣȫҪ̣
ּܹջңʵʵ̫ˣԪ鿪ʼÿʱ򣬶֪ʲôʱðһȻԪгˣղŲŹ֡
ǵģҡҶˣҵ㶫ԡ
ӺԪðḶ́ͻȻԪ̲صǲǡǲǱոշһ֣
ǵģĶҾ࣬ԡԲ㽲Դ֮ʵʵشȻʣһǾò㻹ûˣܲܣܸܲҡһЩ
㵽ô£ôģУԺ󣬻᲻ɢʲô˸۾һգգصһӨҺ壬һ̲ҷɡ
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Ϊ֮ᣬոһӷ߿ԪһôܹӾգһЩѶ˵ûһǲǳ˻Ҫô
˼䣬Դ֮һԣǰһ
Σ޵ֱҧԥһȥʯţӽӴȡһԪԶԶ˳ȥ䵽Դ֮Աһ׵ʯϡ
ոջ˵ûıԴ֮һȺԪأͻȻճҺһںԪ档
տĿ̲ںԪ֮ڵ˿˿һ˱Ԫʱ򣬱Դ֮Һ彥Ϊ̬ͺԪһ塣
ӿ˵˰ɣպߺߵ
ٸ飬Ҿ͸㡣Դ֮Ļ϶ش˹
аޣҧҧȡԪԶԶ˳ȥĵһﻹ̰ģһ鶼ûи㶨ھȻҪˡ
Ҫٲ˵û㣡
Ҳ»ġһ΢֮һԪ洫
ǻʵʵȻ΢֮ŵ۵ͯȴе


216 ҵļң
һֱⱾԴ֮ǳ΢һַвʱϨĴΪԴ֮Լܹŷų춾ּ֮նԼƿ
ȻںԪ淢Ժ󣬼Ūһ顪ɳˣ
Կ϶ܹ꾫ĺԪĳɳ棬ֻܹѶᷢ
üͷԼе̽ϸϸӦһ±Դ֮
ͫһպȻһԴ֮뿪ʱǿ屶ֹ
ǿ࣬ƺԼΪӴһϸС㴦صļҪǾ̫¼֮겨ӦǷǻܹı仯
ڼյע£һӳĺԪīɫתΪҰɫͺԪı仯һ£Դ֮Ҳڻı仯ɫ̬
ȵһԪ׳˻Ұɫ̲Ȼ޴ʱ򣬱Դֱ֮ΪӨҺִ̬һ鱻ĺԪ䶯һԪϡ
һԪ䶯һ̣ĲǿһӯĺԪһ˲䣬շصļһ
һ˲Ĳ¶տɱȣǳóЩ䵽һԪʱصֻƽϢȥӦܹ
ƺ÷Ѿ¶˼ǰµҲرСˣʱ򼧳շ˱ԪٶȾȻԽԽ죬µԪûкķ೤ʱ䣬̲صͱһա
ܿģµĺԪְֱ޹ĻҰɫֱʱŻһԪ䶯һƶǰ
΢ŨӨֳڼǰһҺ̬建ŤãŤһƴС˵ģСòģ壬ûйվǶϵҡš
Ҳ»ģղҵģСҫ䣬ڼսŵ²ϵҡš
ʲôЦЦʵȴЦһﶮֿҪĺԪ֪ʲô⣬ղòСĶԴ
Ҳ֪ʲô֮Ҳ»𡣡С˲ƺ֧ԴԴҲǰڶţģΪЦ
ȴЦȻСһＫΪƻѶԸһôģУǲǺо޶ˣҪʲôҾ㣬ҪˣһŹ㣡
ûн֮ǰʲôףȥԺһЩҷ·˺ܶ顭Сҡӣ֪㺦ң˺ˣҲ֪һ᲻˺ˣҿ϶˺ģΪҵļң
һЩʲôƤһȻ뵽һּĿԡ
Ҳ֪ʲô֮һЩ飬֪˭ҪԸңҾҪȽɱˣҪó󻼣һ֪ҰɽǸطССŤӣ
ˣˣ
ɫ֪࣬ⱾԴ֮ĴԪ鵱УħħյȻǵļһЩбԪյĻǶƲ磬йħյ˸սթԵķа֮
ЩԪеĻŶ˶µľ飬ŶʶǡǡǱԴ֮ҪĶЩһԭҪôײгԣҪôն֮ûʲôС
ЩΪ˴ľˣͱԴ֮аԸ
ղ󣬲һҿ϶Դ֮ԼһڹħյаһļѬ֮ѧġ
Դ֮ڶʱ򣬾һſհ׵İֽһжһ֪ǳĵȻԪ棬ЩаһĻǼԺ󣬱Դ֮ͱ׵ȾˣҿܻǺڵһͿ
տЦҡͷ𣬱Դ֮ӣҲһΣľѳۣ֪ӦԴԴ֮
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ʲôû룬ڡֻҪúûҲ롣ȻܹĺһЩԴ֮ڼս±ıһµҪҪҪҵ򣿡
һڣռæӽӴȡװš춾ƿӳƿڴ򿪷ڵϣĶסԺҪʱ֪ͨң׼ؽЦ춾˭Сˣ·һ
֪ˣҾĻС䵽ƿ棬ţҺ
ˣҽˣҪȥˡС˵СƤһżյĶ
ȵȣϽֹ͵غһ󲽣һûвɾ
ɾˣ°Һ˭ҲẦģ°С˱һڼС·棬һ仰Ժ󣬴ҺΪ̬Ϊһۿɼ̣ڼСʧ
ĸоСޱȵĸӦСͨСë˽ȥԪʧ
ڲڣڲڣû˻ش𣬼ղſЦҡҡͷĵһҪ취Դ֮һһʱըʲôʱͻȻǻɶô˺ֱ
ҪƵķӲУһ᲻Ầأа˼Ѱ˼´ҪҪϳԳԣЩģЧŭ뿪Ԫ
ͷ۰ô˸ôĻɬҡҡͷȡһԪӦһԪڵıԴ֮ûһγ֣żոյĻָ
Ԫ꣬ûбԴ֮һŵļָ۷壬ûмһǰȥۼǳߣסڵʯƿ˳ȥȻԾ
ճˣƺһֱһʯڳЦŴ˸к˸ɫ
źֱ򼧼ƫƧĲؾ¥ĪѾڲؾ¥ڵȺˣմĪƵº͵ЦݣգʱҪɣ׶Ҫѭ򽥽̫˷á
֪ĪšЦŵ˵ͷղ׼ͻȻĿڵĪ£ϲĪţǲǡǲǣ
Īϲɫͷͻһϣ֮ˣǺǣһж㣬û͹ڵЩϣûЩĵرٹʮ꣬ҲԽ׵֮
̫ǫˣΪ㲻ʲôĵرҲһܹͻƵġЦƨ
СӡĪҡͷʧЦʺŬֻһ棬ʺϵĵرǽȻܹ죬ɽʱǼҶһǿ̿ĽԯȲŶã㹻ĵر֧£㿴жټҶͻˣʱ䣬˶ͻһ磬Х־͵ļһͻƣ
ò˵㹻Ϻһ鰲أʿżİ㿴үүǰĲ϶ۼ룬ûһǾΪҲ޵֮
⵹ҲǡЦЦȻ˵ҲŻⷽ¹򰡡һתտ򺫺ôˣ
ǱˣǶڻҰɽеһЩϷǳȤȻǴҲƷѹϸ˵һ顣
˵ͷյĵĺһҪСģ˹ڡ⣬һҪܣЩԯˣҲ򲻿ɸߡѪɽطȽ⣬˷ǳĵߣ֪ǵǻֳ¶˳
ģ֪Ӧô׵ͷһ£üͷѪɽʿҲûʲôĽɫڵҪѪɽЩ׾١
˵ˡҡͷؼҡʯڵжûкؼҵһʼܹѪɽ㣬ȻǵѾԶԶ˺ؼҺʯڣǲֻҪؼҡʯڲһЩܵ飬ǾӦʵʵԯȣҪ뷨
˵öԣ˲ܹؼҡʯȻһЩ˶пغȻ¶ˣǲܹʲôԲס˵顣Īµ
һ£ĪЦеżգ˵հ桢СѾͷûܰСӣһֱæôҲ˼ңɲˣǸܵѾͷԺֻæ飬˼ҲʣôУ
һĪ⼸ŮˣնپͷţæĪţĵǴͺˣһ룬һˡգĪ¡˵ʲôռҴҵ߳˲ؾ¥
СӣһͿĪŭһţҡͷʧЦСŮԵ˵ãаѾͷк桢㣬ǰʱǸСѾͷ׵ŹѾͷͦȤǺǡ
ҪܹͺؼҡʯڵѾͷãؼҡʯں֮Ľ٣˵Ϳȥˡ˼
ţҲ뷨ԲŹСӶʱΪ˴ܹһǿӲȡһЩ͵пյЧĪµͷ
ֻǲ֪С浽ôģҪǲѾͷܹܲǿȥʲôɣЦ
⵹Ҳǣˣ˳ȻɣС˼ҰأҿѾͷǹܲסĪҲΪΡ

գڸҳˣƴһǰһקסյֱۣԼȥһһѵ⣺ǲǳӲˣùõĻԲˣ
ˣҪѵˣտЦù˵ﻰĻôҲأ
˵ңƺһϽԼ䣬ôǶң֮ǰ˵飬㿼ǵôˣѾͷҿǿųģѾͷƢԺܺãԸˬֱͺ桢֪ǿ˶ٱҸ㣬Ҳǳ֮ͬ飬ҿҲΪ⣬ֻҪ˵ùþͰ㶨ˣ
Ǹ۲ȥʲôطȥҳǵʱ˵۲ˣùÿ֪ȥ˺δ˸Ҷ
֪ƴС󣬶ͬʱƾĴϧʱʵ΢Ʋ񡢾绹Զ͹ȥ췭ظı仯ƾ˼
Զɽʱе뷨͸ǿˣԶɽŷԶɽҲ뷨Ժ󣬼ƲֱӾİ嶨´ˣ޲ýһֱˡ
Ҳ⣬۲ȥʲôطҵȻ֪ҲȥǵطֻҪͷдŹȥ۲ͻԯȣƵ
Ȼ۲ģֻҪ۲ԸҾֻӭҪʲôѽȻ
飡кһʵǺӣǲԯȿ϶ȥƼҪװ֪޵Сӣȥ˭ѧװɵĹ򣿸Ҹ׼вУ
УۼʵѲղòᶨҡͷǸùãʲô鶼ԴӦ㣬ĲܴӦҶǸûɶокӿô֡˼
ߺߣ͵˼ϴʱ򣬿û˼ҵкӰɣЦ
ùãԩί˼ٱˣǼ鴿Ǹᣬ˭֪Ѿͷô󣬾ȻԺô
ɫһ̾Ϣһ䣬ˣҲǿ㣬ҺͨˣһʱۿԯȣܲܳɣҲˣʲôԼȥɣùˡ
һЦռƷǳʧҲ֪ôȰ˵ùãˣҶûʲôо

ԯȺɽպˡˣԯȺɽλߡ
ʱѶʿԽԽ࣬˶ǰԯȺɽɽɢݣÿһڶϢ硣
ʿȻܹһǡǣǷŵ棬ʿѾǸĶˣܹѡԯΪ֮أ֤ԯ
ʿһԷ򸾣еĽԿŮĽʣ˿պˡ˹Ժ󣬲ûܳĸо
ɷһ˵ԿһȻչԺĿֱֱ䵽ϣûȥŰʵ˺͹ˡ
һЦԿƺͻ
ȻЩѽȻջЦŴӦԿһɽһΪƫƧĽ䣬Ȼ˵ǰʲôλ˵λܹԯǸǼҸԯӣλҪֻҪܹģѡ
ˡʿһЦƳԿһۣԿ΢΢ͷ˵ԯûйûңԯûκαǻԯȣǼҡ
ŶһʧЦΪΣһ֪Ǽʲôܹôء
ܹϵĶݡԿô˵ɣûϣǷѾˣҪһֱϣҪ±ϣûдӦǳҪ𣬾˵гһң㼧ա
˻һкȻһůΪˣΪʧõ졣
лλĺ񰮡ճĬһһԯȣϵʾ£
ǡԿҡͷǻԯȣΪذҸǿԹˣذһҸ㣬һʱ䣬ܻһԯȣͶǼңһ¡
ǿУϢижԽԽܸоĺжôŨ
ʧܾˣҲûϢԯȣһԯȵġҡͷ˵
ǲͶԯȣֻǱģ˵ķԸԿ
ˣҪԯȺɽˣһһԯȣԺǾҼҵһˡճԺͺɽʿͬһҪԯȲΪ˵õʲôġ
ֽһһΪԼΪҳˣȻҪԴԺԯʲô飬˾Իͼҽ˩һ𣬶ɽЩܼܲᶨһĺͼվͬһսߣұ֤
Կ̸һ󣬼վȻԯȣߵԺ󣬾ͻȥ˵ʳסˡ
ԯȺɽ֣տˡںһЩʿ˵ŻǼֻ졢֮Ϊˡʿʱ˷ֽţ̵ֽ̬⡣
үɣһӰȻԱֳһϲ˵үҪ͹Ⱥˣڼүˣү֮ר̹мģ
ߺţƵءĴߺ֮£ܶ˶߹Щɻߡ
ǣһʱûзӦöƺЩϤȴ벻ʲôط
үȻǹ˶£ǵʱ򣬿ǼүΪҳͷŽЩʿɱڡ塯֮ϵİЦ
ҲЦˣԭ㰡һҵһ塯Ժ󣬻Ὣеľ˱ǳأǺǣû뵽Ȼ֡
ʲôʲôطүģԱһЩЩ棬ѯʡ
ƺ͵Ⱥ˵ǶξۼѯɫĽǻɱǼɽ˵˳Χܶһֻƾһ֮Ȼɱ˼ͬȾʿһ֮ʣѯϸڡ
հû뵽޾ôڵı֣ɫʣ°ѰζԯѪǿᣬܹٶǿǣҿû˵ԯѪܹжðôһ£
ҲЩ죬ͬżգԯѪǿ࣬ӵԯѪ߿սʤͬȾʿҲ⡣
Ȼ޾ԺԯѪûжˣͬľ磬ǾȻɱ֣е޷ˡ
ðˡմ˸ûкˡ˵ҲûмයתһȦ뿪ˡ
ǰ̵֮Щ֪һ㣬а֮Щ֪а̵֪֮ʲô뷨飬ԲŻϽߡ
ʱ򣬼ͻȻһ£ĵԼҲü̵ļˣЩҪľ޵ˡ
صԯԺ󣬼ҵүүʤԿЩҵԴøã˵˿ŵù
ʤû֮һͻȻʿΪҵʳͣȻǸ˵ĽһڴӦԴԿʵʱжˣǸԿЩڡ
ľɽڣֵܶʵʵԱߣɽǿֻ߱Ƚϻ谵
Цſһۣ׼˵ľ޷ȿˣϲڿʼĻ꼼Ժ޾Ұ̵ֽˣ
ֵľôһ˵һϲ֪ʲô
ľޣܲĻ꼼һ㶣Цʡ
˵ͷľ޵һֱòϣܹоźǿĹԣ֮ҿܻļµĸоͷɨһۣľʣڷų꣬᲻ֱ߶ϵв
˻һֵܶȻɫæһͷ
ͶˣΪĻ꼼ɱ޴󣬾ǲ⹥ˣҲһȻȻΣոУ꾳ʱ򣬺׾ܹΣոСľ޽͡
ԭյ˵ͷȻһЦóһǵǳ֮׵ԣϲͻƵ֮Ǻǣһǳ֮԰ﵽ㣬㲻ĴѰǳɳˣù֮󻹸ңҼһкܶûͻƵ֮
Ȼһ˿ϲһٻʧɫǳЦһָһǳ֮Ȼһл
ľƳ˰һۣһ˿οȻſ򼧳գʣǣʲô飿
ǰһæ
ܷԸֻҪܹģѡľæ
պ⣬ЦЦԯмҡڡңɽߣԯȴ٣¿ܻɱ֮ҪԤ׼ŪһЩĴʩ
ʲô
ϸ̽ԯȵĵƣ룬ԯ̵ġǺӦÿУҶⷽ鲻̫˽⣬ûаգ֪ⷽ˺ó㿴ԯܷáǺʡ
ľ۾һżգͷֻҪ㹻ĲϣԯȲáǺ޾ǳ֮ԿС˶٣ľֵǺҪΪӣǺĿͨ꣬⽫Խľо޴Ӱ죬ܻĽ뾫׼
ǵȻ
ãԵΪԯȴͭǽڣľ޺ȵоȻЩƵ˷ܡ


217 յĿҰģ
Ǻǰ̵Ļ̴޾ǿԪãǺһɣһطԪۼٶȱ죬ǺһԾۼԪҲһɱݵ
иԯȿܻٵΣʼַһǺγɣԯȲԾۼŨԪԯУгһԯȱΧǺΪߵجΡ
Ǻǰ̵Ļ̴󣬿ϧڵİ̵ʥأûнǺһǡǺĲҪ֧ţһǲáǺĺķѾһʧʧ
ľҲԡǺؼİĲáǺȻ׼մӰ̵ʥؽáǺķҲһˣ򼧳Ҳ顣
һ£վͿʼжáǺҪľ޴ԯȰ֮ĸֽʮ졢֮ĸҲࡣ
ǺҪĸϡȱϣ󣬹ƷƷԪʯҪ飡
ֲԪʯ֮⣬Ҫ֮鱦֮ԲܹǺҪԭԾۼôĵر
Ⱥľ޹ͨáǺҪϸں̸һȻϺĪ¡ˡɡʤ˵Ҹ߲㣬Ǿۼڼҵ´С
Ī¡ˡɽɡЩҲ֪Ҫʲô˵ҪһԯȵĴʱЩ˶Ȥһż׷ⷽϸڡ
գǺĴҪʲôĪʡ
ƷƷԪʯǧϡȱϣ֮⣬Ҫʿĳָյ
˻һ´ȫɵˣˡһʶƴֵļһҲݣһŴģ
۷ףһֱιȥ
գ㵽ҪŪʲô⣬ôҪôණ죡Ŷͷ૵
ôֱʣɽͺһĿڵżգСӣͲС㵽Ҫʲô
ԯȴΪֲ׵أκҪԯȶ֣ػճ
⡮ǺһγɣԯȻʲôͬʡ
һǺγɣԯȵԪŨʮԯ˿أҲ޾弸ʿַǰʿðȻ롮ǺҲҪǺɱһһٵ
أ
ɽһƽµĵķѣȻվȵãǺãǾƴҵҲҪ⡮ǺҪԯȻкξ壿ǻʸһǳңԯȣҲҪԲ˶ߣ
ɡˡĪЩҲȫվƵļЩ
Ǻǵĳʵ̫ˣƾһܹԯԪŨʮãͿǲϧһд۵ɡǺˡ
һ룬һԯȵԪŨʮζҵӵԯڿʮ
ʲôζԯȵʿԯһ죬ֵʮ죡ζżҡڡҵˣӳܲڱǰ棬һܹһ·ңңȣ
ǺһɣԯȻܹΪɱʿľ׵أζżЩֲԯȣҲҪԯȻʲôⷢζǿûк֮ǣԷĴ󵨵ȥԼҪ飡
ֻҪǺãҹھҵҲȫ֧֣һ̬
û˵ģҵĻȫó˹ϵ
ǼңƺƺûʲôЩΪ飬һ죬Ρ
ЩҶùڴӻҰɽЩùЩӻҰɽ¼ҵ鱦ȡһЩüЩ۵һЩ͹ڡȣƺûʲôõĳֵĶ
ʤҰҰ죬Цҡҡͷû˵ʲô
սһЩУ˵ҶеӵģȻһںҵĲƣȻеһЩͲֵһᣬҲͼڲ˵ˡ
ǼгڣѾǳ˴ˣûгգǿЩĵرҲáǺ˿ˡʤ˵ľȣЦſοһ䡣
үүүүò˼ٺ٣ǼܹóĶҲþͱ١չЦ
СӣǼʲôɽ˴ӣȡЦ𴵴ˣûоûУֲȡЦġ
ɡҲ΢ЦǶԼ֪֮飬֪ҵӱЩԯȵܶණҽӼã涼պ˵˵
ճźʾһ£ٺٵ˼Ҷǣ˵˵ôѷɫ𣿡
ЦЦλӿɿˣСһλǴ˲ٺö룬ҪԼˣǻáǺ뷨ء
ŶȤЦеؿżգʵȥһˣѵȵҡǧĻۣ
ǱȲϣǵٺôմӽӴȡһһָӣЦ˵ȥһţǽŻ۵ĲƸѹ˲٣ϺյĻУٺ٣ټδ̶ص滨ݣ̷׵ĺԪ˵Ǽѵһף
˾ϲ֮ĺ˷ܵغգ
϶ĵ˵ͷյûЩӳţĸáǺͷ
ţɽһһز˼飬СʲôģȥһģŴߣȻŸϴˣҲ̫˰ɣ
̫ˣ֣ҺǵյԴǿһԣܹǺŪֻҪǺƣҽ²
ͳ¼鱦šϵжһЩȡҪĶáǺܻҪǱߵһЩеĲϣⷽҾûʲô취ˣֻܹͨ鱦ȡü
ǱߣҪȫͨ鱦ң߶·ӡҪĲϣиӸңȥŪŪĻ鱦ˡ˵
ԭڱǱ߶йϵѹȻԣȴűҶһҪǿЦ
˺ٺٸЦҪǲŬͱҵڻˡ
ǾһһʱѰĵرҺľоһԯȵĵƣʲôط׵
ʲôҪ˵ΪҵǿʢԻȫ֧֡˵ͷ
СӣôҪԯȱʲôһǺγɣԯҲþҼڡɽʧ˵
ҪԯȳΪԪڡǬڡĦһ˾ԯȵʱһηóҡʸҡҼ峼ǽ£ÿԯʺãɫһ
ãããɽãļյļ򣬹ЦܿҰģϲԵȫ֧㣬Ҳ뿴ųǵĽ£
Ī¡ˡɵˣԶƵļ˷ܣûǿһµأһԯȵδ
Ǻδ֮ǰǲҪϢй¶ȥ;Ӱǵĺƴ󹤳̣ţԼˣҲһ£
ͷһ˸߲ҵľ͡Ǻһչҵۣ˺ıߣϺ꽫ϸڿǰԤҪŪ׵
һ飬ҹĹһӣйءǺĸⶼ͸΢ЦشӼҵ´뿪ʼ͡ǺĸֲչĲɹȡ
ҡڡҶԼĹϵӴʼ¸ͨԼյԴͳȥЩлȡҪĵر
鱦ţ̣һЩ壬ɢҵСȵ򰵵ĺԯƵϵǲ֪ԯҪʲôֻԯȻȡһЩΪЩߡ
ڲ֪䣬ɢ¸ϡȱ鱦ͨ;ԯȾۼͬʱɢޣҲѶÿһ¶˵ԯȺɽΪԯΧһԱ
ôĶ㼧ҡڡôСҲ㲻һЩ˵ע⣬ܶԯȵƵжɻ󣬶һЩԯг޵о˲ϧһд۵ĴԯȵϢҪŪԯȸôĶҪʲô
˵ǣ֮£ԯȵĵжˮǻʹ֮ĻʸҾۼ


218 ˣ
ԯһϵеĴ˶оǿҵΣּԯûЭͷ˼ֺĳЩԵƣһЩ˴ѹͷ
ˮǻʹׯ԰ڣʸңĽݼңңżҺʹҺɵˣڶͷļۼһ𣬶Ϊһʱʵǿʢԯȡ
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ʸҵЩȻ֮ˮڻӲһЩ˵۾
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֡ءݵȳ¼ҾߣҲüͷһĬԣƺڵȺ
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Уˮƹǻʸҵ£Ц
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219 
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˵ûЩӺڵĺ֮ղܻڣܹڣҲﲻĸ߶ȣ
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һǵص׷϶顱ðİɫҽ˲佫ûͻȻ䣬һĽԷһޱĸо


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ףɽһָŴѷнļգСӣСô
ֻյ壬ЩɫҺ֮ϣ屻ҺȾɰɫɫڣۣȻ˯һ㡣
ľһ䣬æȥմְɫҺ̳֮˵Ҳ֣յһЩҺ֮гðİɫҺ壬Ȼֻһ˺ѵķ϶С
˵ע֮£ûйãдһ޴ѷ֮İɫҺ壬Ȼȫֵӿȥһȫʧˡ
˵ͷһ϶ѿһЩ⣬֮ǰûʲô仯
ľ޽շڲݵϣüͷһľأꡢԪ֮УѸٵ
һֱĬĪ£ͻȻһȫŹֵĪ²ŵҵԯʱȷľأɱ䣬ÿһļԯһжмλľ磬ÿһѹǾ绹Ԫ
ֺ£ɽ棬޵ѹֶ˵ÿһԯܹͻƵŹ֮ԯѪֺ°ʲôɣôЪŻܹΪѹҪٶȿ죡
Ľһ޵֮ԺҪͲ̫ˣ졢ڼľͻƣÿһǧѣܹô׾ٵԯѪȻ⣬а˸̾
Ҫɱ֮һ׵飬֪ҪضĻĪҲЩɻؿѿһ϶ڵصףһ˼ı顣
ְɫҺ壬ǺǼҵԯ֮ѪЩˣǼԯô£ΪʲôҪܾòŻһǵһļԯôѪɫģɽʡ
ĪҡͷЦҲÿһԯһ֪𰸣ÿһԯŹ֮ͻȻʧ٣Ҳһδ֮գйԯ̫ˣҲ
ˣúÿСӰɣ˵һѵʱ򣬾ֿٽһģٶȥСǺܹܿͻƵ֮ˡ˱ˣôûôõءɽֹһ䣬ҡͷ뿪
ɡˣǸľޣһ𽫼͵Ķۿżû˼ɵľ֣ҪǺĲðɣҿţɷġ
ţľ޳ϣæ飬Ҳڸţԯȣиʲô飬Ǵкһ£ҲܹĪҲЦ˵
ľ޵˵ͷһ仰Ҳûж˵ת뿪

ǳһ߳ʵξ֮С
ξ֮Уһ½ʱֵľʱһ½û̫ˣʱ޲һ½ףӴޱȵĿֲޣʮɵĶ಻һЩСɽһ޴ڴ½סΪΪǿֲ
ֻܹһЩƫƧĽ䣬ɽ֮Уǵص֮ڣֻЩ޴ԵıԵڰص㣬ſԹӲд
½Ĵĸڴ½γɵһ̾ʹڵĹĸϵԸһӵǻ۵౻Լķ̵࣬һЩʺõ˿ԽǵЩѧô֮ĸ
ĸϵָ֮£Ѹǿĸָ£ѧ֮еĹɡ
֪ʲôʱʼ࿪ʼɽӵص߳ǺһЩ޶ǲϵػ۾飬ѧ֮ԽԽ
ģԽԽǿ󣬾Ȼ˿ԺӴ޿ǽеǳµϵԼʵ˺ʹ½Ӵ潻սʸ
ථŽᣬɰǧǿ߾ۼһǿɱСɽһֲǿޣǾ˵Ժǿ޾սʱǵĩˡ
ΪܹΪ½ˣеǿһںܶһʱڽ½ǿ޼ڣ½ˣЩҲвޣֻܹڹĴ֣Ĵ󺣵С
ಢˣǿԺǣʼɱһܹвĻСǵĿ꣬ǵ̰֮ƺֹҪеһжԼС
Щǿ࣬ɱ˴֮ҲʼչɱЩĸĽ̵֮£ѾУѾɽ֮Ľսɽѣ½Ŀ꣬ǴƻһС
ĸϵȻʶǿ࣬˱޻Ҫֲٱʶȥһ½ᱻЩǿ߳׻
ǣŸЩǿߣҪԼЩǿ߱˴ֹ֮ɱȻ󲻵Щǿ࣬ҲܹԼ˵ģЩ˾ôʱ׷󣬶еʶѾﵽһߵľ硣
ΪǿһЩˣĸϵе֣ЩʵѾǳЩ尿Ѿ޷죬ʲôǷˡ
ˣ۷ǿߣĸϣΪԽĸΪϵͻﵽǶ澳硭
ЩԸӴһʼصףĸ½ͬչһĴսһս½ԪˣĸȻʤˣսЩ˾ɱҲشòĳ˯ָԼ
Ϊ˷ֹһ˳֣Ϊ˷ֹڳ˯ʱ˴ĸڳ˯֮ǰѡһЩǵˣЩ˶Э飬ЩЩǳ˯ʱػǲ˺
ĸ½ǵĳ˯һ½ǰȼҪԪǿΪԪΪٶȱ仺һЩǿΪ׷ڵصյд󲿷Ҳ֮ʧ
ܹһ½ͻ۷ΪԭԽԽ٣½ΪػߵĴڣǿάѵõİ


221 ʥ޵Ķ
ξ߳ʵصξУ·Ǹϵʱþòܹѳ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ޴ޱȵ׵磬ͻȻ˺صξ˯õļգ类עһƥȻ˫ãȻ
ӳģһػļʤˣĪ¡ɡԯȵĸ֣ЩһĿƵĿԵľϲ
գϲһץסֱۣԪ£΢ЦˣڵĻָܻˣ꣬Ҳ֮ǰһˡ
ĪºЦͷʣգоôˣ
ʤһڴؿ龹Ȼ΢΢ЩţɡҲĿ棬ֱؿ
ÿһԯĳʱĽɱ侳磬ÿһԯɱѹʱʵľͻƣ·һֶɣˣۼѹЩ˶̲ס
˵ע£壬ͫȻ
ڵԪȻûдȵȻʱȴгӯŲ·ÿһϸÿһѪⶼӵһޱĸо
һԪ̫¼еķʽתɲǼ䣬ԪҰٶֱ֮ǰδУֱһξûκͣ͵ĿӿˮУһϯͷұڣʯȻ죬ɽڵضɽҡ
ȻԪ̶Ȳû̫࣬ȻԪٶȴࡣ
κһؼĴ߷ʩչҪһԪ۵Ḷ́ǰʩչξʱ򣬻ҪһʱԪ˳ֱ緢Ǹոͬʩչξȴһ𣬾ξʹڿӿԪתٶ̫죬ֱԪȫĵо
ÿһϸ·̲Ųһƺ
ѭĸоӽӴȡǰɫذףֳذֱһ
ذ׷ĵоҪֱ۵ʱûвȡκηֶεʱȴֱ۵ļȻսֱ̲֮еԪѪһڵâ֮Էγһط
Ǽ䣬ֱӲذףֱֻһǳǳĺۼȻѪû
˾ǣذƿ֮һǳĵۣۿɼٶѸ䵭ļֱϵĵѾʧ٣ơɡһĿɿڴ
оܺãһЦչЦ
Ҫ˵ʲôпֵˣ֪һεɱ䣬ǿѾﵽһΪ̬ĵز֮⣬ɻָĿֱ࣬˲ֱ̬ϡ
ԯ֮Ѫſ·ѿְɫҽֲܹ׳Ӵľйˣľؿżգ˼૵
գɱʱʲôоУôľģǸ֮Уʲô飿Ī΢Щʵԯ֮˼Ҷ꣬ÿһȻ֪ԯǿ棬ȴû֪Ϊʲôԯô档
Ī£ʤưɡˣһҲڴĿżգý˵֪һЩйԯǿİ
üͷ˼һջһǳֵޱʵΡ
ҿһЩδҿ꣬ҾͻȻתˡҲ֪ξڷǷʵҲûܹŪ࣬ҵǿԺ˵һ˵˽һЩ顭
ξ֮еһЩ飬򵥽һߣգŵԿ϶ǣǼҵԯӦúʥйأǼԯӦػһΪʲôÿŻһԯ֣Ϊʲôǻԯ֮ѪΪʲôԯھŹ֮ʧ٣ҾͲˡ
ʥޣ𾪣ѡ
ÿһʿ֮ʱ򣬶źʥ޹ͨǿԲȷʥ޵ĴڣӴڵصֻܹӦһ㡣
ʥȻڣȴδԳ漣ʿǿԽʥ޵Ըоʥ޵Ϣȴʼղܹʥͨö֮Ȼʥޱ棬ȴΪûмʶǿޱȵĿֲֻĪ⣬֮ûʲô̵̫ĸˡ
ôһ˵˵ʥһ½ϵһֱػһ½ȴԸ౻̵УԸǿ۷Ĺشжһޱĸо
ЩɫҺ壬᲻ʥ֮һйأľӦúʥӦѵѵԯȵʥݷ
ЦҡҡͷյʵҲ֪ȴͨξ֪һ㣬ƺƺֻ޵Ź֮ǿߣܹоʥλãоǹɺƴ޼ʵ
Ź֮ǿ߲ܹоõ૵һ£ֵЩ۷ǿߣĵкʥһսΪʲôʥ޵ѵͻﵽû˿ľ磿
Ȼһ𣬼һɱĹ⡣
գ뵽ʲôĪʡ
֮ǰһֱ벻ͨΪʲôʥĸͻȻɽΪʲôҪҹһսʥĸ־ûоʹӦò͹šλͬȼĸ־սĦ̵ʥһԪŨľĦ̵ӦòΪȨңҪ£ҲӦȶֲǡૡ
˵ʥĸǰԯȣпǲʥݷѪɽһ飿ȼս꣬˻Ȼʶ޴Ŀܣɵȵ
϶ص˵ͷտЦԭʵ벻ΪʲôʥĸɽҹšһλһսˣҪǣŹ壣ȻĦ̺ЩһѪɽصЩʲôϧȴǵǸ˳ȥ
Ϊ֪һЩ飬˵ֵʱܾЩŤʶλ档
ʥ޴ڵʥѪɽһ飬ֻҪǾŹ֮ĸ֣Եջ£пԺ󻹻Ѫɽü
ѹЩѪɽⳣ䣬ȻͳһЩԪ˵سʤȻ򣬡ʥǲѪɽֻҪһǾܹѪɽֻҪŨԪһµˣѹˡ
Կ϶һ㣬ΪԯӦػص׵ʥտЦǼҵԯΪڹʱǾӦعϵԼ㲻Ϊ˹ϵԼʥһ½ĸʲô⣬һ½ҲˣЩֻΪԼΪ˳ɾԼʲôԲˣǲܡ
ԺǽҪٵĵˣǲֻǻʸҰҲǿЦԺܻоŹ֮ĸԯֲòսɾһͷ
콫ǺҪȫԯȵʸҪǸͱǲһѨڣһµĿͻȻûз֣ԯȵĿƺ
ףһͻȻЦҿԸоõԯ棬ӴԪйӣǺûγɣԯȵԪҲȱĵطҪŨĶࡣ
ôʤ
ԯȵĵصʥݷҵĴڣ֪ԯڣͨĳַػһЩôɡЦЦ
ֻ˵ЦԼҲûе棬Ȼȴһһĵͷ϶ˣ
ǺãǾͺúĶͣص׵ıǺǣһӵص䣬ʡȴ๦򣬵ǺˣԯȵԪӳӯǺߡ
ô˵ţѾɳѨƾŸӦľڵķȥ
գգգ
ųɽĶѨȻ¹ڴͷһֻ桢㡢Ǿޱվһҡ֣·໰ҪƵá
пЦԥһ£ǾޱڵķʵС㣬ڹסĿɻϰߣ
ܺáǾޱȻһЦԶԶɨһѸٸĺ桢㣬а⡣
˵һδӵصҪֲﻨ³ɳİɫҽҪһ㣬ԯȺ濪һطרֲһЩϡеҩЩҽҵҩĸá
û⣬һ͸㡣յͷǾޱⷽȷǳֲһЩ滨ݶԯȴ棬ⷽȻҪ֡
ա桢ţʱѴԶ˹ЩԹ


222 ƻ
ۼͰһԹرǿЦ㣬ֲ֪δ㡣
ǰһʱĪ·ʾֻҪ桢˵鴦׵ͲõĺؼҡʯǱ߻̫ʣĪµ˼ȻټϺغȻϼһҲ뷨üպѰ졣
ʲô𣿡ЦˣԴ޿κεʵ
գΪʲôһֱңʢŭߺߵһʱ䣬ǺؼЩԽԽ֣ЩԼˣһ׵ķȴ˶ǲǸûлԯȺѪɽìܵ˼
СֵһãȻ֪飿һԯȺѪɽ֮䣬ǰء
װǻƵģҲˣһ˵ϹԯȺѪɽ֮飬᲻֪ߣҪٲܹܣȵЩ鷳ʱɱڣ
޷һᵣšЦЦѹûнѪɽЩ˵вԯȵʵжôǿʢףھѪɽɱԯȣҡڡκһҳ棬޻ء
֪㲻£ЩҪֳֻ»ӰԯòĺһͷЩӺܶʿͶ֪ǺѪɽǻ˵ǵлɣ
˻һüͷ΢壬⵹Ǹ鷳ܹѪɽһ㣬֮ǰȷΪؼҵİһܶ˶֪ԯҪǺѪɽ˼ǻ˵塣
ԯȵͷܺãºܶѶʱҪ̫಻ԯȵϢȥͷǻᱻס
ôЦЦ֮ǰûϵôأزͰкθ߼ҵ
ȥѪɽһ˰ɣЩҪ㵥̸̸ʲô飬ҡҲ̫潲һʱͻȻƺҶ࿴գƮ
ǺȻͷ·µһӳ
ֻŮı֣վ֪ҲŲ³غȻҪ̸ʲôˡ
һ̾εĵ˵ͷӲͷƤУȥһѪɽ
ףհǽпգԯתתܹ㣡һˬʵĴЦԶֻغȻͰˣżؼҡʯڵĸ֣ƺƵشԶ˹
ʤͬǣյʱԶԶ˸ɫ
һʤʾ⣬հ˵ԯһЩйءǺˣݶӦöѾˣغȻǹҲʲôˡ
֪ǲ˺غȻˬʴЦĬĪ£ϢشӺɽؾ¥Цվ˼ԡ
زôпԯˣȻкΣջǴЦ첽ӭȥ˵زͰòһˣߣǼ´˵
ƳһŮһۣЦͷţҲá
Ц䣬մźؼҺʯڵˣĪ¡ʤ˾͵˼ҵ´ҼСѾͷΪǷԺ󣬼Цôλһʲô飿
źغȻ¹ĺ桢ˣʱɫһ죬æܿƺҪԼ
ȿȡغȻװǻƵĿĿһӶϺ棬˵С氡֪ͳͶϣǸ
ۣ
һڲ͵˳ȻæεվͷزǸǸСǺˡͶϣҲ̫Ϲ˰ɣҪҵԧףҲҵĽڲŶ԰ɣ
غȻɫ䣬ЦŽϵĲȥһ㲻⣬޷޷ƤȽϱҿ⣬ǺǣС氡˵ǲǰ
ǱߺĿҪѪ֪ǲͱغȻϼһ˵ˣҧһԣͷҪ͵ͦˣ󾱺쳱
ţŮ̫˼˵Ҳ⡣غȻһЦһƣȻգ֪ͶϣǸͬˣ㲻õʲô
ȿȡȿȿȡҵĿдغȻ޳֮ȻֶζʹóһģһץסŮֱۣӲǽŮ˳ŭصżգǳСӣ㶼Ůǡˣѵôˣ
ۣ
ղ׼ƽһ£ǱǺˣһڲٴ˳
ĺغȻ̬һŤͷܹȥˣ۾ɨ˰һۣаһ޳ܣֶζʹĳǶﶨ˼ˡ
ģġͨ죬æҡͷҪʲôûȽ˵꣬һͻȻһ仰Ҳ˵ˣӽѨλǱסˡ
ȿȡȿȿȡȿȿȿȡӻҿˣɫҪŹжŹ֣ЦǸô˵ء
ģ޴ʱͻȻһװĴȣȻֻһʿקһǿǾޱЦظš
Ҷ壡ʲôغȻüͷһ壬Ȼվ
Ҷɨ˺غȻһۣǿѹŭСƻŮĻ£ӲǽŮƭԯȣҶҶˣ˵ʲô
Լԯȣͱ޹أУҺ뾻֮䣬ʲôûУǾޱɫĮʹҶǰҲ¡
ұ죡Ҷ屩һĿڵɨһȦͣɫεļϣŭСӣһǹҾ֪㣡˵׼ôǱ߶֪Ůˣ׮ȻˣŮⱲǻСˣ˵ô죿
鲻ҺŮ֮ûôӵġüͷȻǾޱǽһ°ɡ
ŮҪ𣡡Ҷŭ
Ǿޱ׼һһôһ˵ͻȻʶʲôǾޱ̧ͷҶһۣϸҶ忴ۣȻȻǾޱͻȻˣѧͷһԲ
Ǹ㵹˵仰տͻȻĬһԣæ
ҡûʲô˵ģԼͰɡǾޱС֧һ䡣
ûʲô˵ģһʱǾޱ̬ȣôͶûðƽǾޱô侲ǵһˣôؼʱͻȻôһʲô顣
ûʲô˵ģ˶ԿˣСӣԼ飬ԼҪ𣡡ҶۣԴǵˣľѳۣҲ׷ˣŮǻУ⼸ǾͰѻ°˰ɡ
򲻿ɣغȻһվæȵǿϻҲƻġ


223 
Ҷһɣߺߵôɣ
غȻºһۣһʱʶΪܹüճΪŮ֮µû̫࣬Ҷôһûҵɡ
ߣҶɫȻֻߺȣͲ׼ΪŮ壿ŮȷȷʵʵǱСƭߵģɲЩˣӲҪ
㣬˵ʲôغȻһŭҶ壬ѪɽԯҲѪɽģݵѪɽ
ԯҲѪɽģҶЦҿѪɽɰԯȰɣ˭֪ԯȵѪɽĺؼҺʯڣԯһȣǼֱֵһᣬǿЦ
Ҷ壬˵ʲô
˵һ䣡ΪҶΪߴ֮ʲô˲ģѪɽҶҲ㲻ʲô
ֻźغȻһĺؼҡʯڵĸ֣һߣָҶ󺰴ҶΪҶҶ֣ԼİûнЩؼҡʯڵĸַĳѪɽԶԶԯȡ
Ҷ塢غȻˣ´д󳳴УŪǲɿ
ۿ̥ϼһһʱҪģֻһͷǿЦʵڲ֪Ǻã桢㡢ǾޱŮֻŮһʹͷߺ죬ûгȰ˵˼üոΪˡ
ȿȡĪǵ΢ЦĵСӻһ֣ȻϼһΪŮڣ⣬ɲԸ⿴ڼ´ĴֻϣǺǣû뵽СôλСҿһļһŮ¼޸ǿɲҪڡ
ʤЦҲæվȰ˵ˣƤͻСҿ飬ǲϸá
ûʲô˵ģҶһͷߵСӻŮһҪ𲻿ɣ
غȻҲվץס桢µ֣Դǵ˵ǺͼͶϣҪײС
ۿ˺޲ŮȥʤǵЦԽԽŨĪºһۣʤЦǿҪúҾôһѾͷ鲻ð찡
Ƴ˳ʤ½ǣ˵һ仰
ʤһ㶣üҵˣһӦԶɽŮĻ£⡭Ǻá
һۣһŵ´Ī¡ʤǵйùüƵɿ𣬸֪Ǻá
´ڳ£ӦúǼҹ׵ָûûˣȻ䣬Щƺһºûѯⲻ⣬ŮҲһʹͷ·ͻȻưһ㣬û˵һʵϻ׷ַͨǳ档
ۿǳûûˣɫû˴ͻȻͷɣôô֣Ҳκϣ
գճȻ´˻δ˲ʧ֪ȥ˺δ
ӵĴ˹ʧȻֱһ̣˷·ʶļղǾ绹ǵλԯȶԣۿʤĪɫҲŹغȻ¡Ҷƺʶ˵ĳ׵
С̫ˣǸȥʤЦһаСӲӣس˴
ЪЪ˰ˮ㡣ĪߺһҲ˳ȥ
غȻ¡ҶˣͻȻ䰲üͷǶһԲ֪Щʲô˼桢㡢ǾޱɫЩң׷ȥȴǵĳʾߡ
ԯ⡣
ճЩ꣬Ŀĵߣԯһʯ֣˼ŸνЩҪŮӲ⡣
ͻȻһޱĸоջȻ̧ͷһ˻
һԷֱʵˣһƺֻʮ꣬һͭɫйݸ߸ߣȻһ˫ȴ׵ĺ̶䣬һ˪һ𸡻ĸо
Žţֲ£ֿտգôĿľƳȡ
֪ΪΣջë׶ͻȻһɹɵâԪѸתԯѪһִûеӿ֮ƷڣзһɼΣյĸоԪеڣҲ˿ܹΣ֮ĸоɢһ㡣
񣬴ûһܹôĶķƥеĸо
˻Ŀڼɨһۣһ˿죬Ȼ濴˼һۣȻ˵ͷǼһԯɣ
˭ٴУе̶ȵĴ߷ԪϢԪеӿϵس֫ٺ֮УֻҪһ֣ͿԽе˲伤
ˣˣҲһûס
üͷ۾΢Уͣ½ŲżգȻһ壬һ޴ޱȵӵصǼ䣬һƬʯֵضɽҡһ㡣
д󺧣ŵˣһ˲䣬һӴ˲һ˲˴ľһ·ܹ͸һУȻڼصӿȥ
ֻһţȻܹһƬʯִ˴Ķң֪һʵڵصʯֵĵضɽҡֻǵصԳȻˡ
һŵȫչܹԯȺɽȻѾԶԶ֪
㵽˭յһζͷðĺһ˷סʱ׼ˣȻʶԼûκȡʤϣǽԪ飬ܱܲס⡣
ͻȻһԺ͵ؾǾŹʿǲΪ˵ص׵쳣ǲ֪ʥݷصףҪʲôҸ㣬˭ֻҪǸҴʥ⣬Ҷƴһս
ֻоŹʿֻصҲֻоŹʿܹԯȵصʥ춯˵ͻȻ֣üʶΣ
ȻԤһŹʿǵһŹʿôĳЩʼδкȻһ칫δܸУʱԯǺδɣҲûܹ;Źʿսʵ
˵ʱԯȸûʲôܹ赲Ĳ
֪ĵǲ١˱죬૵һ䣬һ£ͻȻͷ̤ȥԶԶ
߹壣ҲˣҪǱס֪һ֮أݲ֮Ⱦָ㼧գ޵Ź֮Ұɣ㸸߻ħаأûɱҪ޵Ź֮ұ𡣡
ԾŹ֮ļԯǴ˾ǿߣһֱ뿴ǷˣҺˣҵԸŵʵ֣ţɱʧˣ򡭡


224 ϲСһģ
Ӱģֱʧ
ͣԭһȲһɾ춯صӴԪڵصټʱŻȻԼëײɶƵգȻɡ
еķջ죬Ѱ۸УֱȺһʿѪսһҪƣ룬Ԫˮһ˻Ԫ鵱Уһ˺üղƽ
ŹʿȻΪµǿߣĿֲѹⱲӿ¶ȴˡ
صƽϢڼΪصӰѾʱ򣬵صͻȻִһͲȻͼһƬʯֺȻ죬ѿһ׵Ĺ֡
ԼԼ䣬һֳİɫҽһֳˡ
Ѿ뿪ãȻһƬʯִѣȻڳ
½󱻺մʪļգɫأͷŻȥЩɫҽſ·ӦĵһبŴڵ꣬ƺܹһЩıϲΡ
ʲôҪɽһλҪصʥ˵תϢôҵӦ÷ǳ
üͷļգԺи棬ȴʼ׼ĿġһѪɽҪԵصʥ֣ѪɽûκֹܹɽһλʥĸһսҲĶ֣ΪʲôͻȻͷ뿪
һɻԺУһʱ벻Ȼ
գĪ¡ʤ׷ֱڲŷټֻԶԶһʯֵ쳣㾪
ҪǲϲЩѾͷǺúǣαصйأô˵ҲѪɽľһʯȻûжôŨԪԺҲһԾۼߵĵطôһŪͲסˡĪҡҡͷЩ֡
գˣúˣЩѾͷҪĲϲҲͰˣԯʵҲڳʲôʤҲο
˶Ϊһʯֵ쳣䶯ǱոŪģ𾪼ͬʱҲЩ𣬾ûԼ̫ˣûѯ
ҡͷǿЦҲ̫߿ˣһʯֵ쳣Ǳ˶һɵģҸûʲôϵ
ʲʲôĪ¡ʤɫȻһ䣬ͫҫؿһƬǽʯ֣૵䣬˭ܹһô췭ظı仯
ճ
Ī¡ʤȻһ۾ɵϴ󣬲˼żգʲô˫֣Ī¡ʤҲЩ޴롣
Ҳ֪ʲôǡ·ɡɫŹֵҡҡͷΪǣ浽ɽһλûж˵ϸڣֻǵ˵ҸаأͻƵŹ֮Ժ󣬵𡭡
죬컹ûʤɫһϲ
գǧҪ嶯µһ֮ƣɱȥðաĪĽ϶࣬Ҫϵ
Īű˵ˣŹ֮ҲȥոѾʶȷѵУ֪ԶԶĶ֣ͷĺˡտЦ
ôһ˵Ī²ŷֵգҲûģǲһʱ򣬿϶ûʵǿҼԯ͵񣬽棬Ҳǲܵ飡
֪ˣҲɥʧģȻųԣȻʧһգһأһսᶨȻûбǿŵ
߰ɣȻȥʲô飬ǻȥú˵ǼѾͷҪĲϲҲǿ㣬Ҫ˵˿ࡣʤ
˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôĪ¡ʤػԯȡ
ȻǲŵԯڣͼɫѿվǶĪ¡չæոջʸһ˹óȥһˮǣȥʹһҳǵɱμ顣
˻һĪɫ΢䣬ӻʸ׼ˣʸ֪ԯȵĹǣҪóȥһˮǣȻûаġһ٣Īµ˸ոչĪɺغȻ¡ҶЩ˶֪ˣ
˿Цʱ´źغȻˣûϵ˾ô·Ҫ֪Ƶġ
ȥˮǣʸҵڿ϶Ѿ׼ֻҪһˮڳ֣ͻᱻʸҵĸֽסʤһǶ֪һճ飬ԯȺò׽һж߽⣬ԲŻ˶񶾵ļƲߡ
ղȥʸ˽ڣѣԯǺڽҪͷʸʱǵҲв鷳Īüͷһ˵ҪưţӦʸҼĹˡ
Ī¡ʤˣȫȻ˺ͻʸҾһս뷨
һԲֱͳһ˵Ժ󣬲ҡͷʱҪǺͻʸҶˣҪǺδɣһսô쿪Ȼ£Ҳûбʤİա
һ£ȻһЦʸҲȥˮҹȥһ˺ˣˮǶҶ֣Ǿǻʸұԯȣʱ˶ֲˡ
ɣĪ¡ˡʤһȡ
ģӦķӣãҲƽˮ뿪ЦЦ󲻴˶˵ʲôæغȻ¡ҶҲ˵ǻȥͶ˵ȥˮˣǾͱסҲˡ
գ£ǰѾˣΪ˶ǣҪȥˮҾͬ⣡ʤ
үүģ˵ܹƽһ⡣ο˼ʤһ䣬׼˵Щʲôʱ򣬼ӰһΣһĻһƮƮԶȥ
СӣһĪ¼ߺ׷˳ȥȴּһ˲ʧ٣֮궼һԼϵ
Ȼ䣬ĪʶԼܹϵϢİʿӦҲһͨǵ׷ֻҪ겻ˮǿϢζűİʿҪ׷Χսǧѡ
ôţĪ¾ûˮǻĲж⣬֪ʸηײ飬һϵڣǻʸҶˣҲϾɱɡ
ˣȻŲ£ȥںˡЩСӱͺڼţҲûгԹʲôλҲʲô顣Īۼʤ׷εȰ˵
ʤ˰̾ϢĵСʮа˾ҪܹЩ٣ԲŻôҴҵȥֻϣӲˮǣǶźá
߰ɣСӲڹˣЩһҲûʲôˣǹȥ֪һɢȥɡĪЦЦԯȡ

ˮǣ鱦
ءޥãüչĿ̨һţǿɬΡ
С֪ʸˮǿ϶ûаģƫƫҪ治֪ô˵ˣǳ¼ڽעѹԯǱߣһˮ˸ʲộԯȵĹڡȻΪʱԯȻʲô͹һ⣡ҧߡ
ϣˮǣյϢʸҿʼܵǲɢĸ֣׼жҪĳˮڣͷۣҲޥЦ̾СҲǵģ֪ڵ΢Ҫ꣬治֪װЩʲô
ôԯյϢԺ󣬶Ϊյе⣬ʼǲɵ˵ˮ棬һտˮǣȰ˵жԶ߶Զ
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Сӣ㰡Ǹոջ̸ģ㣬ôôƫƫҪˮǴ֪֪ʸҺЩжٸˮǣ˵㻹û޵֮ˣҲǵ׷ޥ޺޵
ҸˮǣͲǶҶ֡ЦЦɫȻһȻЩҪǸһ֪ʲôѪĴۣ
ϣҵĺõܵܣ֪֪ʸжٰʿڣҪôǸѪĴۣشСһЦõ˵
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˵ͷյҲûⷽԭˮǣҲΪ˸ԯȡʱ䣬һԯȳͭǽڵʱ䣡
ؼʱ򣬳¼ѡԯȣټһѹϣˣڶԴءޥ˵ʱҲǷǳ̹ϣλģֻҪٸһЩʱ䣬ԯȽûк֮ǣҪǺͻʸҽսֻҪԯڣѾڲ֮ء
ЦЦֵλҲԽ¼תƵԯȣһʱٴԯȳ١
Ϲģǳ¼Լ·ӣöǱߣԱȫޥûĵһۣߺߵ㻹ȹܺԼɣҪʲộǳ¼Ҿԯһˡ
ǺǣãȻ֪ǳ¼ҼҴҵ󣬲þ»ʸҵѹ¼䣬Ҳֻһϵļ壬ܹȨԯ׽ľİλ㣬һ֤ǵľȷġպŲ裬
ϣˡοЦ
أ棬һǴգһЩкô¼ǲǿָڴʱ洫һߺȣŲѸٳ߽ӽ
죡һܣˣԼյָдĳɺܰǸŽ㣬֮ǰ׼鱦ѡһЩ鱦յǼҴţͼҴҵĸ˹һʱ䵹ȥдˡ
ָںͻʸߵĺܽǳ¼ңҲп˻ʸҵָʾ˵д̽˼ȶһ㡣ݼ
޷ҾҲûʲô顣ڣȻûбõ˼
ۿָ˾Ҫˣءô󼱣޲ո᷿ԽԽݺݵص˼һۣЩ˽æӭ˳ȥ
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ߣʲôôҪȻҪ㣬ҵҪˣָȻ棬֮ǰΪ˲ŻģȻôױ֧ˡ
˵䣬ָرܹأһ̤ޥͼڵķ䡣Ű֮ΪҪܹȻ׾١
һָˣޥɫȻһ䣬ĵӼյҪ¶ˣôţޥͷɨ˼һۡ
ͻȻ䣬ޥľ͸ոսĳһǲ˼顣
ôһ̣վȻѾȫһףȻǶļգɫĮȻƤڴֲڣ͸ոյѾ˷츲صı仯
Ҫǲ豭Ǹ豭һءޥ˼ֱǰˣȻɼձ仯ɡ
ָͳɺܰʸ½Ƴһۼգüͷ΢΢һ塣
ʲô˴󳳴УӰӵ飡Цɨһָߵʲôָָģëӣٶ㼸ָͷ
˵ͷָٺЦһû֣ǿ˳ޥһۣλ˭һصԴһˡ׾һʱϲָָ㡭
ûŪյʵ֮ǰָʱȻʱߺȴУȴǻĿĵģǳ嶯ʲô˵ç
ޥЦĵҸôܣѵ˵ǼСӼٰģ
вգɳҲջȻվյϢ͹ħϣȻȻͷųһаɷ
˶Ūжĸ֣㱨˸ֳ⽫ϵϢͷųָܹʲô
֮ԸˮǣΪſ沿仯òı£ԴɱѹԺÿһλĿƣﵽһޱȾľ磬һ仯ò
ټſãֻҪԸ⣬Գͨˮǣû˭ܹΧΪƾ̣ŵˮǡ
ԭǶָüͷһ䣬˼첻ʿһ࣬ඥֺϵƲȻһ˿ðģѵСӣ
ָ֮Իڳ¼ҳ֣ȷܵ˻ʸҵָʹʸյϢջˮǣһҪ¼ңһҪ֪յ٣²⼧ˮǻ¼ѯϢ͹ٽ蹺鱦ڳ¼ңҪų¼ҡ
ߣհͷһ鱦󣬿Ҫһʴܹ˸ˣʲô´˵ɣѾͷ׼ߡ
¾Ƕĸ֣ˮƹҲҪѭˮƹĹأ̫֮ˮƹǺպУ鱦ʲô飬һ˵ɡʸôôòˬĵڸƣ˾ȻôʶôѰ·
Сӣʲô˽ʲôʱֵˣҹտʸҲô˳ۣһһɱϢȻϢǱʸԣֱӽʸһ·ײ˳ȥ
ָĿյĳ֣оһֲûʹҲûԮ֣ĿŻʸ񱻺䡣
ϧʸȻȥˣָǿյŵôһָǲˣһ߰ţһߵǳֲȻˮƹСүˣ
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СүûŰɣɺܰǹһҵ΢Цĵʵ
ʸɫѿޱȣ⼸һֱҪڳɺܰǰԼĳ֮ԽڱԼûϵûиʲôӡ󣬾Ȼ˸˳ȥǶ˵˼㡣
ûû£һǹŹ֣Ű֮ΪҲ˺ҡ
СүɺܰһЦЦݺζ
Цʱ򣬳ɺܰһ˿ɻԶԶƳ˼һۣоȻһʶоϸַԼ϶ûмԷ
Ӧڵļգس棬ĿŻʸһۣͻȻˮƹСү˵ˮƹŮʵǿһ֪õʰһˮƹһԸϣܹһŮʡ
СүһײܹȻǻʸˡ
ʸһӻ˼һһ߳ȥ״ۼʸҵĸ־˳ҸˣȻôһ˵ƺͶʸҵͷеһѸٶѻЦݳЦҿŰ֮Ϊɣ
Ȼֻ֮ΪΪ̫¼⣬Ҫǲ֪ʵ磬ûܹʲôһ೬֣ǰʿҲԲʲô
ڻʸڴĿ£΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ʸдϲʸ֮ʣܹһʿ뵽ʸңʸڼڵĵλˮǴߣʸγ¶Ҫմ⣬ʸҵĳһĳʸѪڵĲܿơ
һҪҹùãǸСǿǺǣ֪ʱпգʸһĵЦݡ
Աߵָһ㶣Ŀ⼫Ϊ죬żտͣɺܰЦһƺΪȤҲڼȥҪʲô
ܼ¼ΪˮƹŮʣһҲˣţһʱҶڳ¼ңСүܹ׵Ļ֪һˡշ¼ӣڴ
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Сү㿴Щָߺȡ
ϰºˣҺܿͻˡʸԶԶ
ָЦŵ˵ͷֶԼյϲСүضܹҹŮʣǺǣһΪĪ⣬֪ʦкδ
˼һġƲƲ졣
ָҲ֪Ȥͷûж˵ʲôͳޥЦЦԳɺܰС㣬ǻǻ鱦ѡɣǺǣǲ󣬵ñ˵ضԴ
˵ЦˣһȥѡޥЩΣżշ˸ۣĵһﵽ׸ʲôŻʸµҲˣȻʹ洳㵽ʲô
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Ľݼ˿⣬鱦һĽݼҵ̶Ҳ¸εûĶ֮䣬ܹõһЩѵһ
״ɽǶеһ챦̺кеˮˮ֮˳а״ɽ񣬶Ϊ档
ϧƺĽеİ״ɽûʲôȤɫһǧ֮ĵĮһ˿ԲᷳίƴǵԲĽүⶫ̫ˣҲա
ⶫû֮˵ֻʺϲʺ֮˵ҿʺ㣬ԲŻ㣬ûб뷨ϣСܹĽ׼æ
ĽΪˮƹ֮һĽݼҵӴԴ£ʱ޵֮棬Ľݼҵ̶¸ʷУǰҪ׷ֺðţҲһǫǫӵģС
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ô˵ţŵĿƳ˳ɺܰһۣŮȻĻòȷ޿ޣĽӬ˵ûĿˡ
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Ž䣬ʶͷεʱ򣬱ŭļգкȻһһĸо͵ƽôؿŰţԭʼôںԼС⡣
˼յĿ⣬üһ壬££ҷЩգ⻹ûнĽӬѣѵһ˵ӣĿô죬ѲҲԼ뷨
ȿȡԣݺݵص˼һۡ
ЩʧļգһĿѣɫЩΣٺٵλհ׵СòҼ˶񼤵һʱЩԿˣǸǸǸ
˻һŵͷһ裬ûϵһĽ׻ҪϼһĽô뷨Ƕڵģ󺺲ſԼһۣȻĻĿŵıļĽҪ޳ֱӶˡ
Ǹ壬˽ȤǺǣҺӶˣûһЦɫǣҪˡ
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һ˱ĽѶԸٱ͵ϼһһҪȻʲô£ôţɫһ䣬ߺߵ壬ҸһȵӦòҡ
ô˵ţΧŮɨɨȥ֪뵽ʲôһƵЦ⣬Ŀڳءޥ϶යôһ
ءޥȻŮһ޶ʵ䶼ѾСЩͬˡ͡ļա
Ѿͷ۾б˭أһ죬ˣĵСԩ֣ˮʲô
ؽʲôֵĵ٩һ䣬а⡣
С㣬ϲСһģкȻ׽ŪŵǿͷĿȵĿһһٵ


225 
޳ܣдͽȻƳ˼һۣЩҪŭˣԼô׵ˣ˾ȻôƤӲϿôôҪ
ᷳᷳŲûʾ
ûбֳ񣬵һȴҲ಻סˣֻĽǰһüǰôͣѵʲô֪Ѷ𣿸ո˵ǰԶɳˡСӹªţû˵ɳĴǰԶ
Ľ׶Ľݼҵ̶ӣбе򣬶һƬҲûȥȴûɳյֻҪŰʿĵ죬ڶһӦûŶԣĽЩɻ
мҰҰ죬յ֮һСӣܹ֪ٶ״ߣ״ɽڶҲֻͨͨСˣôͳ˶ô鱦ˣҲֻܹƭƭµѾͷˣ
⻰ȻĽ׵ӣĽһŭǰ˵״ɽֵһᣬ֪ǰʲôĶǶ鱦
Ʃһ鶫չһЦӽӴڷһ쵰״ľӨʯͷЦе˵飬Ẕ́ԪãŮഺפñžӨĹˮһۡ
ЩӼҡҡڴչ¸챦Ȼ󽻸ľǺ棬ĽӴ֮УʱһЩ¸챦ⶫֻһ֡
Щ鱦лޱȣŮвһЩ鱦˻ûʵǶŮȴżΪµɱⶫ飬һ˲ϲŮȴԿܵ汦
ֻƾഺפĸ֣汦κŮΪ֮ˣ
ޥ˺һۣĿǹâżеĻ飬жԼյ٬޳ܲϲİţҲɫ죬ͫΪȤеĻϻε
С⻢ۣܲܳޥȻһЦ鱦챦ֻҪԸ⣬ǿ鱦챦㽻Σ
鱾ҵģҲ֪ͨʲôģ֮ǰȻŮãҲûϵôϡУϡеȻޥ鱦ĸ˶޷ӵеĳ̶ȡ
Ȼǳϲգ˿ǻ飬Ҳ뷨ǳءôһڣžһӷˣ֪ԼĲԶԶԺ鱦ȣҲûüհѻ齻ı
ҶĻҲǳȤԸĻʲôġɺܰͻȻǵ֮Цݣһ˫ǵڼƺһӶԼճȤƵء
ĽһҲڹ۲ܱ߼Ů˵ı֪⻢ԼŮ˵ζʲô״ɽȻ󣬿ϧפȴûʲôЧŮ˵ȻԶԶȲϻˡ
ǸҴŮˡ΢΢һЦ˵ġ
ǰһսݸţˣҲֻС˫ľɫ飬ϣСܹഺפԶŶǵա
Ľɫޱѿ
ԲôĶҲգɫŹ֣ȻмΪҪ⻢飬һⶫ˵޳ܻնľģĿסеĳ嶯
ҪǾⶫ̫أͷϵˡһȻЦ
ɫȻһ䣬˵ʮ飬Ҳͷϵ󣡡һ䣬źȻͷҲգҲûȥĽףֱȥ
ĽЩֻǺЦһ£ĳżչ֣Ҳ뿪ˡ
ŵıֲûмŭգĻŭţǺҡͷɵЦѡ
˶ˣ˼ҶеĻûʲôȤ㲻罻ҺˡɺܰЦζֱؿżգǰǴʲôطĻ飿֪ߴƺл飬ǰѵйأ
ңʲô壿ûҡҡͷҲɺܰŰ뿪ķȥɺܰȻô˽⣬ҳлһ¶
ָɺܰôһ˵ɻؿżյıӰһ˼ģҺ֮Ĺϵȫ˶֪Ҷеģô
Żص¼Ұŵ᷿ڣԽԽ޵ҧгݣɫǵǿɶ񣬲ԼԲѷȻԼε⣬аһδͷϽ
һͷںĺڷٲĴھ䣬аһΣ޺޵룬˵ǻСӻԯȣ˵ͺüŮӾ壬ҲãֻҪʱˮǣӵұҲˣֻҪû¾ˡ
ôţǲ֪йһҵ΢ЦеΣ뵽ڳ¼ҷһЩεΡ
ˣ
ͻȻһӽŴӳ˼оѣüһ壬ҲĽүҽۣʲô´˵ɡĽҽ߻εžܾĻﶼһ˵ֻҪܾĻһĽױĸǶȥ
ˣ
쵹Щ⣬һδ˲䷳ûȥ˼
鱾Ͳãô֪ˣͻȻЩջغȵˣ벻Ҫٴң
ȿȡ洫һԣȻյС㣬ҿԽ𣿡ɳƴûиıʲô
ŻȻվŭǰ㲻Ҫ̫֣ҲƽϣΪ󣬲Ҫǰɨӣ㻹ô֪㣬ݹҲ
ŭվžֱǰȥҪŷˣɫҲ̫֪ˣԼôˣȻ׷ѵ浱Һ۸ɣ
ٺ٣ôҵҪˡɳ˵
ǵ鱦ʱסķ䣬ڳ¼ңȴƫƫѡ䣬˵ʲôЩж
ϼһ鷳ǰɣһѾ׼ˣǳ¼ң粻ԷֻҪ¼Ҹֵע⣬зöԷɨˡ
͵һѽһ׼غǳȴͻȻľɵɵؿŻһ׵ĶԷ
˰죬͵һϲһҪģ
סŵķӣչɨΧһһѽƽڳһֽŹؽЦ׽㣬


226 Ϲ˹
Σ죬ǲɶƵľϲ׵Ĳ쳱ôճյżգһʱ䲻֪Լεˡ
׽㣬û뵽ҰɣյЦЦֵһα任òɳЦ
˵ãôһ֣ŵŭ΢޺޵˵СӣҲŪˣô˵ţźݺݵڼؿڴ˼£һ±һ
ǰֶؿڣպٺٹЦ׽㣬㵹Щʹû
쵰ŴΪգҧݺݵͻ¡
Ӵװʹһ
żæ֣ŭĵһۣҪۣǵġ
ϲӵĽպȻһǰˮǵһΪȷľЦͻȻǰһ
֮䱾Ϳļôһƣ˼ľȻһɫȴȻЩգۼʵؿڶҪײԼͦ˫ˣææһߺСӣˣ֪۸ˣߣ
һ㺣յ͸İţЦ˵ôңǺǣܹ׽㣬ã
һ𣬰ЦЦͷװʵʲôؼҡʯѾͷ춼ԯܣߣҲ֪ǸʲôԯȰɣ
ףվһ׽أضԯȵôٺ٣ѵ׽һֱͨʲô;Ĺ۲ңð׽ôǣСҰ
ޣ˭ˣҪĻСӣһԼ˵©죬ˣͷߺߵСӣոЩǰϴˢǰɣ˵˵ʲôϲСһ㣬Ҫ
ϲСһ㣿źȻʲôһţü΢壬ƺһ㰡ô˵ʲô˼
ЦЦˣ׽ոЦ
ЦСӵʲô˼üͷĸˣ΢ȣ뷨ˡ
ȿȿȡȿȿȡڴʱԶԶһҵĿĽ׵ԶԶС㣬е˵
˼İȻһ䣬ȻæԼմɫʾϽ죬ͼͬһңǱĽ׷ָ֣ʲô뷨ء
ĽСӣͰС̸£ʲôԺ˵ɣҪ˵徻һ·ûпŵʾ⣬ߺһ䡣
ĽһӰŵͻȻɳƴ·׻УɫȻһ䣬ǲ˼ľŭ֮顣
Ľݼܳ꣬ˮƹʿ֮һҪòòҪмֶ԰ųһƬŴҪ᷿УûϵһִòֳĴ֮Ȼμͽ˰ŵ᷿Ľ׵Ĵ̼̫ˡ
㣿ĽһҪȷһ¡
֨ѽ
᷿űű任ֳЦЦƳһĽףٺٵĽСӣ֪ȤŶ㿴ôģҲ
СϡϼһСӣһʱˮ΢ƣæĿڣС򵽵ôôƫƫҪĽ׾壿
㣡Ľ׼ֱҪѪô벻᷿ǼգôΪͱʵԵʣûʲôŮǰܹ죬һΰŶϵؾܾȴԸһμĳͬһң˾شݺݵػưϣдʹޱȡ
ɺܰһ·ǡ·СڲŵɻͲ⣬ŸոһߵģôһתͰ˷ŽȥˣҲ̫̫Ǹ˰ɣ
ļֱҪѪˣֻĽסɺܰı֪˶ô˼Ѽմ˼ٱ飬ǰȴһԣûָ𼧳һ䲻ǡ
̬ȣĽסɺܰ棬ȻĬˣĽܲˡ
ãããĽŰź޺޵صͷ˵һ㡭һ㲻ɫǣżһ棬ȻȻô֪ܵķ᷿ţǿˣֱֱһ
޹أųĴĽ׽ڵĲϲ˭ҵ£Ҿϲһ㣬ܵ𣿡
˻һĽػŰŻ˵ֻһ£Ľ׵ţǲǡǲǿеĻˣǲΪģΪôһ㾹ȻԸ⡭Ը⡭
סڣһƳһЦļһۣаǱ㺦ˣȴҾϲִˣЩСûȤ
úãϹ˹ˣĽײЦҡҡλεĵͷȥӣⱲӶǽش᲻Ӱľʿ֮ѽ˵
켧պͰŵϣὫĽݼδļֱӸݲпˣ
С㣬ÿ𣿡Ľ뿪Ժ󣬼հųɺܰߺߡ
ɺܰЩΣæǸͲλô˵ţɺܰɻŹֵҲĽ߿
ôһ£ѵΪ飿ǰײ׺ŮҲûмˣΪһ飬ľԸôһ󺺣ѵ˵󺺻ʲôǿðŶܹ׳ȥߣɺܰ飬ôҲ벻Ȼ
飡
ű͵Ĺϣֲ޺Ȼصżգڷ쭣Сӣ㵽ʲôȻĽףô֪֪ԼɶӰ죿ĽȻԱʾˣرԲֱӻˣ϶ᱨ㣡
ȻʧЦҡҡͷǼڽңǺǣҲ䱨ң
Ľ׳ʱĽҪԸ׾٣ʱ꣬Ҳκ˿ģһĽףûбˡ
УĽݼңգüЩˡ
ҺĽݼңǵˣûĽףǻһսƲƲ죬յԣȳ֣Ľݼҵĵ׻ˣ
һȻʶյļգҲǵʶĵˡ
İɣĽݼ㲻ʲôܹһѹȻŹһ£ЦЦֵοĽ׶԰׽㻹뷨һȻҪϸģҲͷ


227 ؼ
ؿЩ㱣ֻʱ䣬Ǹ꣬ѾĽɫˣҲѸٳҲһûֻܹɱ˰ڲĿܡ
ǰļգʶԼĸȣȴȻĳЩ漧Ѿʤˣ
գĳˡŸ̾
ЦЦյû취ĳЩ˵Ĵߴ֮£벻춼а
ô˵ţӴڵĻȡݸŵ׽㣬פյĹЧǺǣұǴġ
⻢ʲôطģ˵ֻڶֻҪŮˣⶫѾܾҲǵġȻһЦ̹Ȼӽסֵİ
׽ЪϢɣǺǣһˮǣҪҪ˶ãʸӦþͻˡһ£˵һʱֻҪˮǣڳ¼ң׽ԺҵңЩˣ׽㵽ԯɣڵԯȣǰǴһˡ
ðˡȻͬ⣬̵ġ
Ҳ֪ΪݵԵʣղھӰ죬ֻҪ֪ڳ¼ңͿҵգԵҲź̸
̸һӣղŴӰŵķڳóءޥ˰æڳ¼ҰһΪεķ䡣
ҹ˾
¼ҼɽƵһصڣ˫գйâҫϵţиɫޱȡ
ͨʸĿ϶Խˮǻʹܹʸ£ʸ֮ʣȻչֳĸ֣һʿûʸӣӵԽӼĳ̶ȡ
ȻҪڻʸǰ¶ǰõʿؼܹ¶ǼҵĻǰ̵ؼҪ
Ԫ꣬ЩԼʿؼҪ벻˲ݣҪ˾ηͱҪʩչܹչֳؼ
ʱ伱ȣҪʱ
һĹ⻷еݳЩĹ⻷ɫԪ˴֮һ𣬳ڷڸ䣬һȥⷿڳ߲λ硣
ǳ¼ҵĵصң棬תǿҵؽ˵ע⡣
̫¼ܣ¼֪˲̫࣬¼֮Ȼ˵׶࣬ϧȴûм̫¼һΪãǾںϣ
¼ָ̫¼·𶼿ΪһĽʣڣ
ζЩڼԺ֮еĴʿؾؼֻҪ̫ͨ¼ȥȡγɸΪؾؼļգͨԺڶʿؾؼγԼصĹؼ
߲ʹ⻷γɣһΪͬޣеĽܹȻȻĹ⻷һΪԪƿأЩ߲ʹ⻷֮Уһ˿˿һһڵԪЩԪǰצĴһЩ߲ʹ⻷вϵŤ졭
ֻһѾ߲ʻĹ⻷ˣȻһЦݣͻȻӿ³һѪƥѪڷڵһ£ޱȵĻΪһ΢ѪѪҡһ䣬һΪģͻȻɸСѪ
ЩѪڵ߲ʹ⻷֮䴩ŤˣչԼĻ֮ڣһɼΪŨΧԱߵӲݲ֪ǲĴ߷ȻۿɼٶѸٳɳ
һѪһ߲ʹ⻷֮ȥ֮ǳĺг״̬˺һһѪȻһ߲ʹ⻷棬ѪҺһһ͸߲ʹ⻷֮С
Ǽ䣬ҵбһɼΪ͵߲ʹ⻷Ѫ͸֮һӱñ弱꣬гһײѪɱϢҪضһ㣡
̲߲ʹ⻷֮еޱȵĹ죬··ûƵϢ·һµؼôͻȻˡ
ҵеԽԽңҪҳƱһ㣡
һҽڵڣɭֵܣھȻԱҵĿͲֵһæԴԼ֮гͨصͨ˼յ档
磬⣬ǣȻһ
˵СӽСӿ϶ˡɭüͷӦһ£ͻȻһɰԵƺǼҵ·ӣ
Сӵ׸ʲôģȻⲼùԽԽǿĻǲõֶκпܻᱻƣʱȻͿԸӦص׵쳣ˣ
ָ鱦ڣһǲص׵쳣϶ỳǳ¼ңʱʸЩ˿ܻǳ֣С治ԼҲ֪Ǹǻˡ
ģǿţȷЩйвãҪȻеѰˡɭοһ䣬ȻһЦСӹȻһ֣ûѹˣֻҪʵ㹻ǿֻҪܹסԯһʱʧҲضܹ𣡡
ҿԯڲʧԯҪˣҪвƣڼɽλ治֪ʸôģȻҪϵرȣֻǵս̵ˡ̾
ǵסġɭ
˵ĹֻڵͻȻһҵĲҪ֧Ųסˡ
ɭ˺һۣһְǽ棬һˮĵûǽ棬ǽڻƽ
ְǽϵĳ֡ɭˣǾǷǽڵĲ֮಻Ͻˮһ㣬һһĳǵķߣ˶òȫԴ
䣡
һԵĲҵб֡ɭȫԸϵȫӿǽϵķȦУһδεֹй
һ֡ɭ죬Ҫ۵ĿҪѵʱȴͻȻһӱȻһֵһȻһʱ䲻֪Ǻá
ͻȻڵĸȻһ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬糱ˮһʧ١
ͬʱҵŴˣֻϥǶļգ˫΢ЦſˣлǳֵԼƲסԼ
֡ɭżյĿǸӣ죬ɭ̾ϢһЦСӣһҪʱҲעһ³ϣûôġ
֪ǻڹؼʱְæҲŻô޼ɵġЦЦ
ˣոʩչؼʲô⡭ǼҵĹʡ
ؼʱû֡ɫŹ֣̹Ȼ졭


228 ջ
ʱû֣죿
ɭֵͻȻɵˣֵ㿴ңҿ㣬ͣ
˺һɭŷӦ૵СӣòǡòԼŪһֹؼɣ
Цŵ˵ͷյֻؼʱ죬ȷе˵Щ̫ȶҪһʱĥϣǺǣٹһʱ䣬ҽһЩ⴦ãˡ

¼ܹ࣬һؼмˣЩܹؼģһΪĳǿߣ
һؼҪ֤ؼܹӵŲĹǧѵһ飬ֻʼΪ̬ĺһ֣
ղŶЩľѾԴһµʿؼˣ
ɭ˲ţǣոʵܵһɲ̲صĿֲң̲صϢ˲ûмҲû˵
ζʲôζżղǿЦ
֮ǰɭ˽¼ҵδѹԯȵΪϹ壵ԭĻô£ûϹشڣҲ᲻Ľ¼ҽĺԯȰһ
ôᣬԯݣܹµؼսĳɾͣǻᳬĲ桢壣ڳ¼ҺͼմùϵгһգǿջŹʿ飡
һעѹˣ¼ټ궼ᰲȣˮƹôı䣬ǳ¼ˮƹλöı䣡иı䣬ҲǶԳ¼ĸı䣡
ɭһ¶ģһսҪԯȣҪǵ˹ؼʱ򣬾ó¼ҵͻʸҶŸɣϧ
գĻҾͲ˵ˣǺͻʸһ̣ǳ¼ң᲻֧֣ҪȡʸҵλãˮƹҲᶨվߣû˿ԥɭΪ¼ҼͻȻ˼ôһ֤
һ㶣һʱ仹ЩӦ֪ΪʲôɭͻȻ˵ôһҪǿɭɫᶨóɭ˵Цأ֮ǰԯȺͳ¼ҰйЭ飬¼ֻǸṩһЩˮǻʸҶϢڲԯȰ
ԭȳ¼ҲûдֱӲսǲ뽫¼ҵһս֮УΪ¼̶ȵı
ȻɭȻ˵Ҫϧһд۰ǣҪó¼ҵĵƣüպȻЩܳһʱ䲻֪Ǻˡ
գؽ֮ܿܿ£ֻϣһ쵽ʱ򣬳¼ʲô鷳ܹ汣ȫ¼ңһ£ɭ˵ԼĿġ
İɣֻҪҼһ죬ǳ¼Ҳʲô鷳ҶӲȻʶɭΪλͻȻı̬ȣĵԭԼڲ֪֮䣬Ѿõ˳ɭֵܵĳˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪˮǣˮʲô鷳ǵǳ¼ҶܣڹؼʱͷӾǺһƴһսɱˮǶû⣡ɭȵ
ллһıжˣûϵɭȻô
仰һ˵ζˮǳ¼ҶɵѹԼˣһԼˮʲô鷳£ͳֽ᲻ϧһд۰Լؽͻʸͻ
һʸһƴĴѹ¼ңʱжٳ¼Ҷɿ
ȻʶԼһˮ֮УһܹʲôӣǲΪԼҲҪΪЩ֧Լ˿ǣ⣬ҪǵһҲ鱦鷳¼ҡ
ɭˣһͳһ¼ҵҵġ
ȳءޥÿͬմҵͳö죬ǿ֪ɭ˵ĸ߰ôɽһż·鱦ʱ֮⣬Ǿûͬʲôˣ
֮ǰɭȻּ֧ңȴ֪Ǵǿɽ壵ϣΪ֪պ͹֮ĹϵǲŻôǵĿУȻǼԯʵԸıս֣Ϊƾһ֮ŤתǬ
Ȼ̬ȵͻȻı䣬·ΪձˣĻɻˣҵе׷ʲôȻ߰һӱô
ǵúúðգһʱ䣬鱦еҵ񶼸ͣҾȫȥռԯҪĵرУԯʲôѴǳ¼ܹģҪȥʲôŪ׵ǵʾǳ¼ҵĸ֣ԯǱ߿Ҫǵ˺ĵزҪԻʸҿɭԳޥ˷Ը
˻һءޥ˴ľ
ˣǵþôɭ˻֣Ȼ󼷳һЦݣԼյգǵС£
ءޥˣϵıͻȻӹ˿֪ɭǲЦˣԴʲô˶ôһ¹ģƺ׽κˣ
Ȼȴ֣ԭҲǻ׽˵ġ
ллģһúñԼģǺǣˮڣҲû˭ܹҪҵġЦŵһл߳ȥҡڵڳ¼ҵ鱦Χε
ҵˣΪѾ뿪أˣʸһһֱתһճӭֵЩ¼Ҳǵģôʣƫƫ˵ʲôطǻʸҵĵطء
ʸѾо˳¼ҵģԾʸ񶼵õϢԴ֮Կʼ¼ҵˡ
СүõȣǱǸЦЦ⼸¼ҽһεĵطһС⣬Ըǲ׼κ˴鵹ҲԹó¼ҡһתЦʣСүϢˣ
ǵȻҳ棬϶ʲô⣡ʸظ߰ɣʹȥʹҹù˵ˣԽӼ㣡
СүȻӴ󡣡ЦЦһ䣬ǲͨ㣬Լκһ˵һ˵ǻʸ¶ӼʿһЩ峤ܹӵеʸԼҲֻһʿˡ
ʸҪ˵ʱ
ʸһ·ϲϵ򼧳հʾʾԼһ˶ϣܹмڻʸµǰͻҪԣڻʸڻʸҵĵλ
ʱ򼧳Ȼȫ˳һڴӦ
ʸΪˮƹСүȻЩȨģżһ·ʹ;ûһ赲ż롣
ڻʸĴ֮£ոܿ͵˻ʹ棬Žʹ棬һʿģ˹ЦСүĽˣ
үҸܡʸЦЦָżսһ£ȻָŶԷλˮƹĵˡ
չЦ۾ȴ΢ɲһâ


229 
ǵ࣬ûʸΣҲˮƹŮʻʸǰΪʵһرŰ֮ΪฮҲǸƣ˵صฮǱȼĸֻࡣ
ʸصʱҲûһСүļӣ򼧳սܵʱҲΪ
صǶԼΪȤ޵ش̽һЩƣҲ֪ԶȤǻɼյݡ
ȻûȥǶڶͨ;֪һЩص׷£䲻źۼĽĳЩ̸̸ذͷӵǶԼյûжġ
زûкͼն˵ʲôڻʸĴߴ£ʶȤغͼոǣ֮ǰʢ뼧пȥฮ˵ǺͶ
άűϵĹӦص飬ڻʸ֮·̸
үˮƹȨ죬ǻʸ⣬һ졣ҪҹùöҲŲɣںܶ鶼ܺùϵĽ桭ʸίѡ
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Ȼʸôһ˵ЦǡǣԶľΪȻǿԲʲô
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ʸ鵭ĮĿһţָһ΢ǰֱӽ껯ɵħ˺ѳ顣
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ɫһɫЩŹ֡
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ʸںĽ̸УʼնûгƺԼΪʡޡ·ֻԼһ֮ͨͨʿ֪֪һҪԸң˵ôҰĺôС
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任òһƧĽ߳ļգûκע£ͻȻ»ָյıģôҡڵˮڻε

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һԯȱ㹻һΪڻҰɽȹСѾͷСѾͷöμҳϲ֮⣬μҲԯҰɽϡеʯ챦ҲͨμҽһЩϡȱϡ
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ո磬һ߰ɣȱܿǺˣкҪ̸˸ʱڶ
ϵܣǲ뿪ˮǣҲҪǵ˵ģǵõϢһλʸҵжûô򵥵ġκɽæ
һ㶣˵飬֪˿϶õʲôҪϢ򲻻ôһȵı֣ۿЩѾԽԽӽ֪ٲ߾ˣǵͷãҸҸط۾ۡ
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һܺõ뷨ԺзãзգȴԼٿȫˡ
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ʿʮ졢֮ǿߣҪӵġ
ղżҲûһ㲻ĵشˮڣȺϢ
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СѩһȰСڻжǲܹҪһʱ䣬ôС
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ѩĿżգǵĺ·Ʊֱֱҫϡ
죬ѩͻȻһӵĺ޼ͷգһɱ㣡Ҳôȥ
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ͬʱֽźڱԴ֮һԺҲȻ࣬ӦӲʯĲʣڲ֪зĳֳı仯

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ʲôϢʸһطһ棬ŹվԵһ̫ࡣ
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Ȼôվ˴Ժ󣬼֮е˵üë΢΢һһ̣Խ˿ռϣڼˣޱȵĳڼ棬ȴûһ˿ѷ졣
ʲô£˵ɨһۡ
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ȥһˮǣǺúÿɽš˵׷һ䡣
ƽ̣һȻ̧ͷʸҼȻ֣һ˰գץ˳գҪȥˮǰǰƽȻȥ磬һս󡭡
޷˻ӻ֣ԶһۣǸȥˣ֮ǰһֱҲʵĻᣬʸͮȻҴòȥĻᣬܲӣ
գٶ˵ʲôһΣǹ⻪֣ӰȻģƾʧ


234 ⹫
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ʸͮʸ¡ʸγȵȻʸҵĸ֣ڴˣĽݼҡҡżңԴĳɺܰˣȫڻʸԴ
˶֪ζʲôһŹʿŶôֲˣʸ֮µĸȫʱǨƳȥܹڻʸҵʿÿһԶһ档
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ʸһĮ侲ˮţﻹʿСķţԳʲôأ
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ʸͮӰһʯ̨վ͹֮棬ʸͮԶԶʩɫ
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ȨܹڻȨ֮ϣΪңΪ˻ʸңҲòôʸͮη壬Цش
Ȩ૵ƺھ׽ֵĺ壬һ̧ͷҲܻȨȨֻҪƽƽǵĶȹ˭谭ɱ˭


235 ˣ
ʸͮЦЦҡҡͷܱǸΪˮƹΪ˻ʸңҲò㶯֡
ˮϿգȻһ죬һͭӴԶâʢ
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дһ޴ĺİ׹ֱǶʮһȭаϢ·Ҫأ˲䴩͸˹ͷţֱŹͷײ

ڻʸͮƴ˿ɫ֣ѣ
ʲôˣ˫ȻĿĺ⣬Ƕʮȡ
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Ƕʮˣûһ˿˫Ȼ䵽ϣµԯҴڤҪ㣡


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ҰɽħɹħֻħڤСħһħǹطɣһǹԼһħһŹʿĻǱ仯ɡ
һɹ滯ΪĹħһεʱѾԪգڻԪ档
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ħû֮ǰһŹʿΪħѾ𣬾ôµȻ궼Ѿı䣬ΪŹʿľӦûڣѹָոһ壵ֶҪ顣
СӣģǻʸԻƴ¡ʸµȻһЦȻŹħְɡ
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237 ˼
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һɹĺȻӹðݳգ·˲Ϊ˺һ̣ˮ˶ؼ䲻ͬѰı仯һЩʵ΢ʿ̲ס˺
һǬƾոֳ޴ġǬٿһ֣ռռ䣬ǬðųǵĺϵɢűϢ
ڰյĹħһŵֽţƮţһɹɺϮħûһ˿ȻѪĻ
ɲǼ䣬ħģĪı˺qqӰ
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ħڤޣǴӻǱ仯ɣóһЩĪ깥ֶΣۼ壷ſֽˣħոϽԼó˳
һ˹ħ޴ڵϮи䡢ѪϢ·㼯еаԴͷ壶Ҵ⣬۾һʼȫԸˡ
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ħ㼯ĸˮưĲһ壬Ȼûһһܹϡ
ޱȵĲӣħ㼯иĲϵغˣħ·ҲӰ죬ϵˣһȥǱβϵơ
Уɭ亮һ˲Ϊһ㣬һֱ۳̵ı裬˲۶ɡһɣˮεɭ̼ʧ٣ˮ˲
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ŹʿǿѾģûйħִͷûһ˸Һ͹壽档
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238 
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̱ŨıԴ֮סǺھҵţԴ֮ճ仯̬ϵرŵĹĹͣ·ʱᱬѿ
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239 
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ҲûԥеľͽȻȫԪϣգԪ缲Ƥ˲ϢŵСɢ
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240 
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ʱ򣬹ˮǻʹϷȻֻ˵һ䡰ʸҵЩҡڲĸӵܣߣʸҵп
ˮƹ壵ƣԶԶ˻ʸҵӰһڣ˶ҡڲһʱ䣬ˮƹַʸҡ
ʸҡĽݼһЩµļһӳˮƹʿУֵʿĴ߶ŭһʸҡĽݼҵˣԥĶֹ
Ϊ壵һ仰ʸҡĽݼҳ˹˺
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һս˶֪˼պ͹֮ĹϵԯһսУڶʿѾ֤ԯѾԶԶļ壬ټϼպ͹֮ϵѾˡ
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ôǼÿͻһԯȻÿһԯ䣬ǼΪʸ֮ģϱȺ֮֮ΪǼ̫ǿʢռĶ̫࣬ԲŻӭ֮֡
Ҳ֮Ҽصޡ
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ΪҰռ̫Դռ˺ôһԯ䣬˶켧յȨƺͲƸȺ֮ǿɱϾܹȫΪУøҵ³
Ҳ뼧صޣҲгһռҳΪһʸңһļǿʢͲϧһд۵Ĵѹȥ֪Ҽҽˣø³üͷϻι
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һ˸ԯϷԲ̣ȱĵطҪ࣬ɫĹԯȳеƻãɾ
ԯڣԸоԪҪȱĵطŨʮһڿĿ·һڿѾת˿˿Ԫ֫ٺû
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һӰվԯģһΰϢ˷죬Ϣ֮ԯȸ䶼žž죬ڼĲʯͻȻ˹һ㣬ȻŤҡڡ
䣡䣡
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ˣлл㣬лл㽫̹˼䡣ľ޹ż͵飬૵
Цҡҡͷյ㲻ظмңôΪֻ̣ΪԼˡ
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ΨһͬǣԴ֮ĿǰԼΪԴ֮ħս
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С֪֪ʲôħУ۰Ͱ͵ضɺԪıԴ֮
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һīɫĺԪֻһ򣬱˻Ұɫ
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ΪԪãҲϰˣԴ֮ѾųСƺˡ
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أտЦ
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취ҲûСϣԴ֮һȻôһ𰸡
۾һջȻվʲô취
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ÿһʿһ޵ܹ֮ǿյὫͷ޾򵱳һԵ
ãã֮У̫ܣ̲̫ĲƸ޾ʿ˵·ڴ
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ʲôʡ
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޾ʲôطʡ
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ߣԯȣͻȻɫȻ䣬ȵ
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243 
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ԯڣɴһС
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һȦȦۿɼĵ粨Ȼǰȥ׺бγɲ˰ֱӽǸڳĹħûɢ
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һǺѾʼȫתһ˵ͷǾͺá
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ԣԯȣϣˣ
ԯҪǻˣǶֻ·һˣԣһҪȫ
Щ˵ԯеɢޣһߣͬ飬׼͹ħһսˡ
עˣϸ˵˵ħ㣬һҪ͹ħһսһҪסҵĻվ˳߰ǹڻҰɽ͹ħս꣬ħ¡
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أأ
ڹɽĹ򣬳ȺӵĹħ׷״˷ۼХŷԯڡ
۾ȻһǹһЦݣͻȻ֣ҫâһг֡
һһƥѪȻûͷ΢͵֮С
ͷããǿ֮У·΢΢һ£ͻȻ䣬ͷǿգһɳ֮ѹ
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ǹӲУŨŨֽ⿪ԽԽϡɣУءвֹЩħȻһƽϢ鲼˷Ĺ֮һࡣ
ۼˣĿЩĵǹ⣬ҫڻɵĹħϣˣǸĲҽУֱӳĳ
ĸһɢ֮䡣


244 ٻ
ǹӲӣˮкһħɵаӰĿǹ»ҷ
ءĹûȥȳĹħƬƬ
ԯ룬ƼһɫȻ̧ͷŴӰ˷ۼĹħȺЩ˱Ƿ¹ħ̼ǺԯȻһ
ۼǶâ磬һֻֻħɢ鲻һϲϣ
ľ޹վڼԣüͷŲĹħǺŸոγɣԽȫӳǹħǺǷס
޷ЦЦûħƾһħԯȣҲڲ̫ķˡ
ݣ
ƿϮһɵľ޴ӰǺϷǿΣããŨϵطɢЩȾ޴ĳ򣬾ҵҡڲЪ
Ǹ޴Ӱͷſվԯеˣ˳ǵĺ⡣
أħòԽԽ޴ӰԯϷͷŹڵڶ֣ȻһĳХ
Хһ𣬸Ĺħ˷ηسԯȳ
ħһǵأ˳Ƶ˼ѹ
һЩʵߣһɳصѹѹĻһЩֻ֮Сܹڹվȣϥǲ˼ֱҪ򵹵ˡ
վɽʯ쾪Ĵһơ
ǵѹȹϢͻȻ䱻˺һӣǹɳص˲࣬Ҫ˫ϥŵصЩˣΪ֮һֱͦ˼
ԯȣԯ𣡡ǵɹħԯڻص

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ãдУȵˣȫ
ҫһ˦ŨŨѪȻֳһǼ䣬ԯããѪŨŨѪζ̱ǡ
ѪŭХѪзţѪܣԵϢԽԽء

ĺУѪѪˣȻײյĹħͬһʱ䣬ǺӲǹҫһĿͬǹħ
վԯеĸɡĸ֣ûԥҲͬʱʩչȫ貵һ죬ì㣬ħ
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ħĹħŤӣݺݵײϮĹϣϮĹȫ⡣
ѪڹħػҲǽڽڰˣӲºԯȡ

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һ̣кȻҾԯףԯ֮оԼԼ䣬·ԯȵصһϢϢͬһ𣬴һޱĸо
޾Ϣָо
һ˲䣬ԯڵԪ·ĳǣؿʼȻγһ޴ޱȵ
ϣƾõϢͻȻԯڣ½Դһӳԯ롣
޴ޱȵ󣬳ֳɫģڼյı
׼ɱĹħȻԳ飬ֻͣ˼ӣͻȻͷԼ뿪ԯȡ
һϢ䣬ԯеĹħȫʧ׷׸ħĽŲѸȥ
ħһߣǾ޴ޱȵ𽥱ģ̸һʧ
ſڣȵؿڼɻ
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ɽһȴûע⵽һĻȻʥĻϢһ𣬽سŵصû
̫¼İ壬ԼԯȽڵһ̣ͻȻԼƿԯڵԽħȥ
Ȼ׼ʵʩʱȴȻֹħѾʧˡ
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Ҳǻ̬ģȻżյ꣬΢Цôƺҵġ
Ȼ׼Ǽ̹Ȼˣջ̲ס꼱ε
ʥ½ϵȻôԼǰںԼ̸ֻҪһ룬վѹе˷ܡ
ոǹħǱߵģһסļղѯʡ
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245 
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Ϊ֪ħ᲻ǻ⣬Ҷûа취ǵطСҲֻܹˣû˵ʱðȻȥ
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ֱһͷ󣬼Σǽɡ
֪ؼҺʯڵˣ϶Ҳ˹ħ֪ħǧħѪɽΣСһЩʱգɼ屻ţؼҺʯҲд˵ԯڹħĹ°Ȼԯȵ˱Դ
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հЩϼһʵûа취Ųòԯȶ㰡ϣ㲻ҪⰡֻҪȹħвһȥ뿪鷳غȻЦţźһкؼ
ͷûȥգЩǰԯȲĺؼˣһʵЩΡ֮ǰԯȵһЩйĦҹԯڵһЩ鷳ΪħвòԯȱѣȻЩΪġ
ʯǱҲ˶ܲ˼ͷȥԯڵˡ
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246 ҿУ
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ħûѪɽûЩƽڸʿһԯУѯһЩʿ֮⣬ԯȡħĴڣ±šڵǣٽԯȣȡ
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ˣֻҪȣôеģһΪɫٸңңż˸ۣˮҫĹâ
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һɼʿʱ̾ţһʲôطӴֱϵԵɣȽ˫סȻڵ´

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ʿֱԺؼҺͻƼңԭǳЦΪé޵ǰ⣡
һȵһΪżԲˣΪôһС⣬ݣһҪ֡
סȻǽ𣡡Хһֺͼڵһӵϣɽ˽סһͰǵˮХֱ̧ӽϡ
̹ɭˮͷף𱬵ļһ侲߶µԺԺ󣬼Х׼ǸԷԼҵϢء
ХһͼڵֿʼĴѲ
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ںͺ罻̸ļգЦ̾ˡ
ۼԽԽأпʱʧأ˺͹ͻȻð˳ɷ˵ֽһƬסץֻһ򣬾ͽ򶷵˶ѳһѣñˮ侲
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գһ۾ʩչǧӰؼļգа̾ĵСӽĳɾͣǲ⹫壡

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ҿУҲͷ
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塢ɵ峤ΪͷʹأһԯԸȡһЩ鱦ȫЩСвͬĵ
˵ҡҡ׼Щ֮ĸ֣һ𵽱򴳵ʱЩ˾͸Ӽˣһ˷ܵĹâ
ӽʼҪñ޾еˣ֪ԯȵ
ǱԵããУյʮԯȵȺӣƺƵɱս֮ǳƺɱȥ



247 ɻ
ΪǣҲǼľ磬߲㾳磬ֻۣоǰĴſԼ룬򾳽粻ܹпܵˡ
ˮһսԯڲǺʱҲֹͣȫǺڼ䣬ʶذԼԯУԼԯڵһһľԪͨ
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֮ǧ򻯣һζĿ޲ſԽʱ򽫾ĳϣؼȻһԴ꣬ﵽľͻƵĿġ
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ʮһԯȷݳƲһ·д½ࡢ诡ᡢȨǣÿһ˶ķһЩ
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ƺͻѫѶϢĴ𵴣ȴûǣǰ롣
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СģʶһһţȻǰ䣬Ȼͷųһγһ㰵ɫ֡
ɻɻˣһ겻ϵŤţǰǳд˳ҪسݣһӣһţѶϢ洫ݡ


248 
ŶӵŲ·ǰǳܼĵشֱײӴ겻ϵطԤ𵴲ҪȻǳ֮⼫ܼǺѷټ
ԲǴԯȳģ
ԯȺһǵһʮһˣһ٣Ͳ꾯ؿԽԽߡ
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걻ס״ǲϵػεâУܴأŵٶȷɿ죬Щر壬㼧ղٳ֣ϸһʱ䣬Ҳᾫľǻɢ
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251 ôʹ
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Ĺƻлҩһ㽫ܶǷ߸ݻ٣ЩʹԸյԲ˵ԭѾߵһЩˣȻҲĹƻִԶ˹һվһ
һ⾰ûԶ꣬һȫͣԣ
ǣΪܹԪ״Ȼ棬޾ǲд½ʱǿ
ΪˣϣЩɢ޸ϳȥҪȻÿڣЩĻĵŹˡ
֪˵ãֻһ˶¾ۼ
ֱһ̣ղʶĦ̡Ȼ޽硱֮Ŀ£ʥĸôȻ֮˾ˣνſŪ֮УĴôЩ˾ۼԼΪС
ˣ֪˵ʲôûˣֻоۼԵȫݻһ·ˡ
ɱһûΪòļգ˫΢ϸâЩâͫ˸һ£Ȼʧ١
카ǵȻ΢ѩźֱٿ𣬾ؾۣһ˲仯ΪһڵĲʴ˿˿ۿɼĹâڲʴˮһӹ
Ȼ趯вʴԲĹⲨ
ĿĹâȻЩⲨϱһ΢ϸĻâڹⲨ֮ϣľ˽һ𣬾ȻӲ;㱬鿪
ūҶˣλӢۺúɻԹ۲ɣĻˮ㵴·ҪеĮһڻ
ЩվԵĦ̸֣ջסɢޣⷬ˵ĻУɥĹ׷׳żյ˹ȥ
ЩɢڣЩ˹жʮлиŨĸ֡Էԯռţ
Сģɭɭػǻεһ£һ˸ɫâĹͻȻзݳֱųɱߺȥ
ƶˡЩˣһȳ֣֮ԼĹչ
һʱ䣬Ĵľ񳱣貵Ĺâ̻һը˫ľ񹥻ݺݵײһǵձۼ
þ񲨶סջâϮ֮󣬿Цһ£ԼһǰƮвʴ䣬һ㼯˹ľγһ׶ιⲨǰ·
ͽȻһ
оĳЩ׶ιⲨ̺һ֮ľ񲨶ֻı棬Щ׶ιⲨ֮УŴһлı⣡

˵ĦʥŮа޹ڰ֮Ȼ飡
һתСʯӣͻȻƮһߣһ̣һΪ
һסЩԾۼǳСʯӣԶѸٷȥһԭأɫصȺЩϮ׶ιⲨ
һ֣ʩϵĹƻϼ
ЩΪСʯӶɢޣһһűԶȥͻȻ˶ԹǵΧɱϸı䷽򣬲Ħ̵ĸֽ£ֱżյһ׷ȥ
ʮˣΪǵʱȥͻȻʮ˫νƾˡ


253 ɱӣ
ֻһɲǹ⾰Ϊǿһ壬Ϊɢʮɢ޵뿪һֽ˫ʵˣĦǱҲռݲ˾Եƣ
æԾ۵׶ιⲨԸգ㿴Щƻɢ뿪һʱҲûа취ֹֻнעӼУϣܹһյݻ١
ΪĦһʥŮΨһˣȻ֪Ħ̺Ͱ֮ǽⲻޣֻ֪Ҫνɱ̱ؽһɻĦ̵Ӱ¡
ɱӿͷĦֻʥŮʸϰġ׶ĸꡱݻΪһ׶ιⲨżպݺݵشȥ
׶ĸꡱִݲؼԽӡȫʴκ˵һ׶ĸꡱľʴˣ渽ӵĴݲС
Ǽ״ĻǣֻҪǱ׶ĸꡱˣΪаؼḯʴһӡǼ״ĻǷѿҲܹ׶ĸꡱ渽ӵȫ١
Ϊ֪Ī⣬һͺ飬ʩչĦר԰ؼġ׶ĸꡱ
һ׶ιⲨǺХļʸѸ̺дݻӡ׶ιⲨĸӦδ·ѾյӡαϢ׶ιⲨһǰĿ겻䣡
ϢʮŴΣȴЩϮ׶ιⲨɽûн׶ιⲨ׷ң
ͽȻ
Ӧ꣬ûһ˫У˿˿΢СһŤţһԸӦĲѸٵɢ
ˣ
ͫ΢ϸߣؾȻֱӴͫһݳһϸߴִ˶ٵߣһУ޴ڵǳ֮У˲ûΣ
һϢ䣬Щͫзݳļʮߡȫûǳ֮ʧ
ͬʱһɻĲȻЩǳͷų
׶ιⲨѸٶһ
ͻȻ䣬׶ιⲨ׷ٸӦ׷Ѱյ죬һʧȥ˼յټ
صǣӰǰ׶ιⲨֻм֮Զ
Ȼһֱֱײ׶ιⲨȴͻȻϹۣȻߵļգ
׶ĸꡱȻ¶
ؼеӡֻиӦϾ壬û۾ֻӦؼһܹоԷĴڣеĺжͽȻ
ߣ˾еĲʴһ㣬żȻ
񻶯˵ˣҡҷ̬ĿѣԵһеȻʧ٣һ˫ֱù
һֱζļգʶעаȻ֮ͫϣͻȻʼվ׵꣬ǱһʯСˮƽƣ
ҪʩĻһˡ
Щǳ֮еߡ·ܲǳеһ㣬Ȼ׷ִǳзݳߡǳߣѭγɵĻͻȻҲܹӳӦеá
ڻǰͣͲǰ׶ιⲨͻȻּٶһ㣬ٴ֮ļյꡣ
ã
ɫ΢䣬Ҳ룬̲Ժ֮бӴâ͵ȫͷų
ѼĵâΪɰǧľۼѾɼˡ
ٵâۼһγһͷ״ͷſɭɭشڣ͵ؽЩ׶ιⲨС
һ׶ĹⲨûͷУͷһһֵַͣͷϵŤã
ջȡ
ͷԶĹߡƵˣںĦ̵ļֽսһռеĻû˿ԥ˵ƽٶݣ
Ħ̸ֵ꣬Ϊûôһ̵ĳɡ
ôһ̵ĳɣǻɢˣ
ͷ͵˼£â׶ιⲨϳԿڲټһ򣬺Ȼ
ǳ飬ͷΪСȵĹţ˷䡣
ΪԥǸĦ̵ĵ˵ܼ꣬Ĺų飡ûмɿؾ۵飬Ҳζӡѡ
â׶ιⲨȻ񱩣ͬӰ쵽Ϊʩߵļպ죡
Ѿʩڻâ׶ιⲨˣΪؼĿըǸľһ˲䱬ըӰ쵽Ǳˡ
˵꣬ͬһһַ֮
ֻ˫䣬Ϊľ񱩣ǱһسźԶԶ׷
˺һ˲׷ɿ꣬䶨
һȣҲ룬ؾ۾ʩչʹ꼼ʩĦ̵ĸϡ
ɱָ衣
걻վȫӰ꣬һʧȥңֻ֮мմĻЩʹû˿ԥֱŻȻĸɱȥ
ǡ
ۼͻȻɻЩԣȻڴѶѯ״
δȫͷųͻȻɾɱĸ溣һӽ⧲ûС
Ȼ񣬵ǸԼôͻȻϮһ£ҲһУΪһţԼ겻ֺ
һʹ꼼ͻȻܵЧһ컹ûйĴߣϵؾۼʩչʹ漼
ֻһĦ̵ĸ֣ʹ漼Ӱ죬׷ɱߵͬ顣
һĦ̵ĸ֣ͻȻ
ߡѫƶ˵ԯȵĸ֣ȻŹᣬŵ˻ңһԼĻ꼼ȫֱ֣Щһŵĵ˺ȥ
ֻǼļĦ̵ĸֻɢˣԼС
ƽϢסģڸ˹
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ܻ޲ýǵ¸ɵ뷨Ժһ֣һæԺиֳ뷨ȥ
ǰȻԶϵߺŵļգǹһѰζЦݡ
գ
찵֪ոԼҲһʹ꼼Ӱ죬ȹģԼľ񲨶
һЦӯӯصλֵѣǸûؼˡ
Ȼ޽硱֮ƻӰڷӳӦеá
ЩʹؼӰĻĦ̸֣ٱȻ޽硱Ӱƿأججسǰȥȴ˼Լ˶֡
գūҼǵˣ
춯ǵڼһ·ҪյòӰӡԺ
ⷬ˵꣬˵һڣ˳˷ȥ˸ֵܡ
Ϊ׵ĸ裬ƮȻڸոǴ⧲Ĺش
ƶ˵ԯˣһĦ̸ֳˮƵȥ׷̬ͼûĦ̸Ĵˡ
׷괫Ѷ
ƶˡѫƮҡҷ꣬Ȼͣסת򼧳ա
үΪʲôû׷ȥĦǱ߸ǣǰ˴ľ׷ȥܹռȻԸشѫ˵
ǰĦʵǣү꼼Ī⣬ȻԽŮҲ˵
ƶˡȻһɻȴûжʣεĽڼҡ
ŮķǸոЩɢȥķλ׷ȥпܺ͸ոߵЩɢ档Щɢ޵ʵݺӣǰֳһССʯ뿪Ϊ˽һȵȻǰһսǿ϶ҪԴս͡
쿴ߣʵǿƲҪӭСЩΪСʯԶȥɢޣһֺĶһЩؾֶۣټЩ˵̰ؽԼΪС
ǰһսԯȻռӮս˾
ձˣҲںһսʧ˴ľǻâʹⶼҪĴľſʩչ̶̼ļյľѾȥʮ֮߰ˣ
ʱ״̬ʹ֮꼼ҲܹʩչˣҪʮɢ޺Ħϵĳ棬֪Ӧ
ԭѫһȻѯʣүոգոôһ£ΪʲôһΪˣ棡֮ԺҲڱһʱ䣬ɴ˭ԽһΪģ
ЩԯȳʿһȻҲǳ¡
ĻʹĲͬһΪֻеֶ֮һ̹Ȼ
һΪʵҲ漼ֶΣõĻؾ۵ԭһûжپֻкСһĿľΪ˴ЩɻûСʯ뿪ýЩɢߡ
ѫƶЩˣ֮ǰĿѾ֪һЩ飬ЩУҲ˵棬̹ȻˣЩù죬Щ˶ûж˵
үһֳȥ꣬ʱںδƶЩģѯʵ
ӦÿҪصԯ˰ɣǺǣҲûȥָָЩСʯУһһջ߰ɣһ𷵻ԯȣȻ
ȻӦŵ

ԯȡ
һϸСʯӣǺؽԯȺɽ

һСʯ׹ڲؾ¥󷽵ľ֣Ǵʯ谭˼վ޵ɽ
ԴɽأЩɻʬûСʯӣɾûˡֻعлܹڶѨڵʯˣòȽЩСʯðһػر塣
ڲؾ¥ĪһһЩ飬һľִĶ׷׷ֳһʶ̽
ЩСʯӣʶݹȥͬʱЩСʯ渽ӵǳоСʯӲʵĲ
ûǾȹɽһҶ֨죬ȻͼմĶз˳
һƣЩ׹ľеСʯӣһһɳһС
СӣʲôأĪ³
Ǻǣոմǻţ˵պЦߵĪµǰ
Ī¡ɽˡɡ硢ľ޵ԯеĸֺȨߣһһء
ֻЩһۣձһݣôˣҲڵʱʲô·˲ɣ
ǲҪأˡЦһ̾
ɫԽԽˣ޾껽һ飬ʲôôż
Ŀһ飬ճʵôأ
һЦͷ


254 侫Ѫ
ôһ£üͷ
յذҺͳ¼ҵѶϢ˵ڶ޵Ķ֪ˣԪ֣жһЩѾʼ׼ڶΧɱ졣ĪǶһ
Ȼһݣɫ䣬
֮ǰ˵һοΪͻƾŹ֮Ҳ˵ڶǱأ
ڱڼ䣬Բܹκδ׷ѰŹ֮;Уݲκҡڴڼ䣬Ϊʱ򣬾һ޸֮ͨˣֻҪҵĶɱ
أҪôɹҪôûнңΪҪʱ򣬾ȻҪע⣬һΪΣյʱˡ
Ҳ֪ô£ذҺͳ¼ҵϢڶ׷ѰŹ֮Ķ·λӦǱ¶ȥˡĪԴǣԥһ˵һɱأ򡢱ġضгУܶ˶ҪǰΪ˼ֲʵͲпֶΣЩ˲Ϊ޷Ľ׶Σܶ˶ûҪ
ʲôʱյϢģһ뷨Ժйһ飬һľƽ
ʱǰ˻شȻӻͳһֽݸ
ٷһ飬հͷϢһʱ䵽ԯȣǻгԣʱȥڶϢʱֻһЩĵĴ֪ܲŻɢȥ
һ£̧ͷɽɡһˣϿҵûûнյңҿ϶ԹۣУҿҪԯȵϣ½⡣
ԯȣΨհ˵̬
Ц裬ʲôҹڴӻҰɽͶ㣬Ȼʲô뷨Ȼ֮ǰպգȴ壬Ҳԯȵˣûɲȵġ
Сӣɴ㣡˵ôɣȵ
ɽԯȵĸ֣һ׷׷ԼĿüοǣǹڻң񺫷һˣûжᶨվߡ
ЩжպȻʶڲ֪䣬ԯȸΪĴѾΪһ壬ԯڣѵõûκθңһѣԹۡ
Ǻãһ𣬼նĪµĪţͷԯ֮·ԯȵˣ˭ʲôֻҪҲһζԸжԯȲͬУ
˵ֻҪԯ֪ˣǻԯȱؽκӣ
˻һ˶۾һаͷ
ԯȣҲǰԯˣԯȶ⣬˿ѷɫҡһȨ塣
ʲôˣʲô壬֪ԯȵ̬ȣҪ
ôһһЩҪԸ˺ܻΪԯȵǿӲ̬ȶԥĳ֣Ҳпܻ͵͵ԱԯһӴ
ֻҪЩйǣжٶȾͻһЩܹвȻҲСࡣ
գͷ޵ԯϢһһһ䣬ͿԴܶеıͷˡΪȡ㹻ʱ䣬ҲԸӴݵĲá
Īţһһ⣬͵ɽȥֻҪɽҲһ̬ȣ룬ڳֶԸˣӹأճ
ãĪµͷ򼧳յοĵ⺢ԽԽˣ鲻һζɣýˡ
ҪɽǱҲԯһ̬ȡ٣ҿûж˸Ҷ֣
г¼ǱߣһһѶȥϣܹǵжԳ¼ж¼Ӧ֪Ӧôտʼɵͻ¼
ڼ䣬޾껺Ȼػر塣
ԯȺɽȷɴùģڹԪܾ֮ͲˡбǱߵɵΪǿǲԹԾͷ
һ̫ѨЩΪѵ⾰йħв֪ںδԯֲܹ뿪֣ЩѰ찡
һħܿĵˣ϶ǱһӰ׷׳Ĭ
ħǸһֱԯȲţˣڸֲܹ뿪һ£յȥʱԯȣ˵뿪֮ԯްǿԷֳһЩǰңħԯȣǾԯػ
ǰʱ򣬻ע̽ħϢԯȵ鱨£ʲôһöμҡҵ鱨֪ͨǡ
һȥôУĪҡͷ
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Ҷ˵ˣȹȥǿս͡
֪ħڶԯȻжвĽ˵֮£ͬľ׼ԯȿ˵ħûжյѶϢʹԯ߸
ԯ붫ȻңԶǰʿƿշи·ĻҲķѲ˶ʱ⡣
һ£û˿ԥҲҪ׼ʲô׼ҺؼҡʯЩɵ֪һǰԯ֮ڣȻٴӹ뿪
ϵغȻЩˣһ˵ѣȻһֳǳż飬ȻҪϵ
ʱ򼧳ղʶѪɽһжôǺغȻ£ǻƼЩѪɽˣ궼ܹĶݡжôײпɲǶ˵ǾǶˣ
ѣɲ
˵˵ղŰЩˣ˵Ϊħвڣǲ뿪ԯȡغȻЩѪɽɼ壬Ȼͬ˼յ˵ȴ׷ЧԯȣƽԸΪС
ѪҲһɲСɺؼҡʯڵȼɵѪˣˮƹѷɫ壬һºԯվһԯȵİȫһݱϡ

ԯ뿪ʩչ̶еǧӰؼҹɫУվҹεĹ»ҰлһӰһ·ԯ򶫡
֮Ա֮꣬˿Ӽ֮⣬ҪһĿľǿԽǳ֮ƿշС
طԺ󣬼տϲطԼʩչǧӰؼ֮ϣԼԸܵͷĺЩƺ¹һС
һɹĸоͷѨ壬Ӱ¹֮¿ӶļգľˮоԼ·¹⣬һʵĸо
ʼʱ򣬼ղûЩ⽽»֮ΪļİΣֻŸ·ˡ
Ȼڲ֪УʵĸоƺеԪ
ԪԷԼƽĹ켣ڻЩԪ·»֮ϣϪˮڽ֮泩ˮ̶
ĵľĪĻָǻָٶȣúԪ˶١
԰
һֱٸ·ļգȻѹʶʶӦ״Ȼһ˿˿Ѽ¹⾫ȷѨ壬ҺڵԪһ
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ڵѪǱĳ˿һһ¡
ʥѪѪһ弡УӴԪ
ڵѪһʰƺо¹⾫Ȼһɿµ˱޾ˮһ㣬Щڵ¹֮һ˲˱һգ
ѪЩ¹֮Ժİȴǻ
ᷢϵ仯ȥ룬ȥڵѪһ𣬰ƿȨ塣
֪ǲķãķſʲôȥʱѨ֮ڣһ΢Ѫ
Ȼнͣ
¹ˮкϣ¹·۳ˮȻϻ۶һӽ嶼ˡ
Ѩ֮ڵ΢Ѫһ
ڣĸѪȥܣֵᷢġֻҪܹĸڵѪȫںϣħĶ֣
ʥĻԺֳ
ʥ֮Ѫ
һͫȻ΢״̬֮£еʶʶ֮УٳѨȥ
һɫҺ壬ѨشţһҺ徧Ө͸ıʯҪˣ
Ѩ֮еļգֻӦһɫҺ壬һ崺о·Լԡһе֮ˮ֮С
һսļľ类עһɿ鵤ҩѷľʼ
̶̼ȥľѾȫȻָƣ˲䱻һɨգ
һɫҺ壬΢΢һ£̺ŵĵѪȻڣֻЩ»֮·ʲôһɫҺ忿£
һ˿˿ֻԿӵ¹֮ڵĽ֮пٻһҺ֮УɫҺ壬Щ¹֮£ʼ䶯š
֮Ѫ
µ񣬲ҪκѣѾԿ϶һβѪѪʥ䣡
ֻʥѪŴϢˮƱħ
ʥ䣬֮ˮ¹֮»ڵı벽裡֮Իˮˮ֮֮һαѪȻĪ⣬Ȼ֮ļգԽ֮
һľȻȫѨ֮УһʥıѪѨ֮䶯
Ѩ֮⣬Ѫܣɫ֮ѪһѨ·Լʶһ㣬Ѫ֮С
ԺȻһڵʶ̼عԺ
׹ػһ㣬鲼ڼѪ֮еѪǱȼըҩȻ
Ѫˣ
ʥѪͼڱѪĽڹ̣һ飡̹ĵĴʹ鲼ڻÿһѪĽ䣡
ֻһʥľѪ̺Ӵ֮Ȼ߶Ѫ
Ťҹɫ֮˻ײеҰޡ
ֲʹÿ죬ȥĸ죡
ͻȻ䣬ʹೱˮȥȡ֮ģǻʺͷɡ
ЩѪȫͷ·ոʲôûзһ㡣
»ˮ󺣣û
¹֮˳Ľ۽ڵѪ֮Уٶ˻ļգоѪۼ


255 ̫ˡ
ֻһ侫Ѫڣȴ˾κˣ·˶´һ顣
֮ѪѪںԺ͵ĲʧӰ٣˴ͷŶһʰݵĸоľˮȪУ˵̹
ԡ¹£¹⽽ڣգѪܻѪУѪ
ͦεҹš
ղûмż·ǾڿУġȥһ侫ѪԺ仯
ֻһ侫Ѫ巢˷츲صı仯
Щһֱøַǿľ͹Ӳ࣬Բ㣬ڵĽϵؿǿ֮£ȻܹɵѪԪ̫࣬Ӳһ㣬ȱһЩԡ
ѪҲˣֻҪһǿļӲʯǲԯѪļӲ̶ҲҪԶԶͬȾʿ
ȻΪ̫ʱļƺҲʱ̱ţ·
һ侫ѪڵľѪ⡢ĽӲȻؿľЩԣڲʱԷһֱ񾭣ӦüӲޱȵĻһžжȫһ顣
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256 ү⣡
Դ֮һعͷȱٵĹ;·ˣȻӻ͵ģȸСȫǸеĶˣʲôٸ
С۾СӡС졭
ϵٶɼȷʵͼյòŰ˾ŷֵƣκһˣͼϵһ
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һԱòޣûʲôþġղڳºǰ¶Դ֮ݣĻ̿֡
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ԶүλӺ׼ԨԴͷȥ׼һˣ׼ҳһ¡ºҲҺԶ̸۴£֪Զ˺ôϲ첢ο
׼ԨԴԶǹһڽЦ⣬ҡҡͷ㵱׼ʲôطʲôСèС׼ңҪ׼ҳүүǲˣͼһЩ߰ʱܹȫ˷ѵˡ
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Զ±ôһ˵յǿЦãϵԶȻԼĳߣʲôѽ
ԯȵļ׿⣬ְ۴ͭ壬䡭Զбۣ򼧳յмͳ±һĴóˡ
ͣ±ƺ˸ոԼıȻ̲סЦһЦһͼӴףԶһбۿżգֱֱȻѽ˵Ǽ۾أӺһ󡭡
ģĸİտЦ
ۼ±ԽԽ𾢣ԶҲһ˽ģԼҲ಻סһ죬͵ؿסԶսԶݺݵ׼ѰģߣӴ·
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·ɣӸңҴȥ׼ң

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ȻվߵֽŵԶ󲽳׼ȥһ·˵ĲĿ౾ĵˣҲЦǺǵظ
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±үүһ·˷ܵţǸڡ
տЦãƤĳ±ʵڲ֪˵ʲôֻ
СãʲôϷ
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ܶƺϵƤСѾͷߺһظ˳һЩͬŮҲΨ²ңһų±֣һߺ㼯һ
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Ĩǣ˭һȳ±˼꣬һӢ˵Ůضϳ±Ļеʵ
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УһµŮмƳ˼һۣߺߵСӳôӢôܻ˵ԯȵү޻Ҫ׳أ
ѽѽ϶һˣԶС˽ѵʹأߣСҽ㣬Ҷû棬ô򣡡
ͳ±һŮһаϲǵ䣬Ǿۼһ𣬳˶һķ羰ߣݺݺ֮û˸ߺӭ˸˵Ŀ
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Զո߸߾ֽŲϵߴţϧֻ֮ΪȻʹȫֽŹ䵽ȴһЧ
䵽УͽĶֻԵûЦ
±Щһ·Χߣһ棬һ˷ˣ׷״ţ޲ͼմսһźá
ǺЦļգĿڳ±ЩŮɨһۣȻԴвص˳±һֽۣԶǰ
±һͷٺɵЦСִԳˣƺЩ¼鷳
Զһѣʹ󳳴Ҫ³ȥȴһץסߺߵû𣿡
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ԶԷǳηף޺Ȼص˼һۣŲԸ˻׼ҡ
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˵΢΢üͷΧΧ࣬ħǱڰϢųĴҡ
ҲǸԾȻ˵ͷÿӣ̬ǺãСֵܽ˵
ιιʲôþ潲ˣʲô˵飿ǻûأͳ±վһĺŮһûֿˣϲĳɤ
ѽѽǿɶûأˣҲ֤ʲôġŮҲһΨ²ҡ
տҲЩµŮǺЦݲȵ׼ҡ
һȼսţЩ˵߸谭±ҪҲһ档
˷ܵعӵˣһӶ棬Щ˵ҲģȻûɢȥΧߴߴ˵ͣ
ЩԵŮǽ±Χ룬һ׷ʣ̽պԶ֮ľס
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ѽļҵģѵѵǱĴӵܣĽס֪һţŮҲʣжС˸ˡ
Ľס֪£±мͷߺߵССϺֵ׷𣿡
꣡һĶ±ֻҿһ㣬Ȼѹصǰԯȵˣһԯգ
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ǵģ˵
ҪôŪԺҾͲˣ

Ů׷ײЦҧгݵĳв
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ոջ±ڶŮͻȻ͡

׼ڡ
׼Ѷ뿴˭׼£һ۾ͿվǶļգ׼κãͼйܳһʱľףһͻȻֹ֣ס

ԶһɱĹֽУŵؿżգֲϵرȻ״ε㡭㡭ǡô⡭ôһ£
׼öֵһЩ׼ˣҲȫסˡ
үݵһЦ
ԯ֮ʸҶԯȸ𣬹ħԯȶ飬˭Ҷԯӣ
Ϊԯҫ۽ɫļգ۵κһ壬Ӧеӡ
׼ңȻҲ⡣
ƲѲų²ߣײչһȻֺЦԶ֣ʵΪ㲻ҵݣҲôǸ
ûûϵܹץţǡҵҡԶȻæʾȻЩմմϲ
ү룬ҸȥÿȻһţҶҺк


257 籩
һȣ׼ҶըˣٶؿżգЩȫæµŵƽʣò֡
ˣ磬û뵽㣬׼ңǿ׼ҵˡԶǰ·֪ܵӿҾ֪һˣ±Ѿͷ۵Ҳѩ磬׼ңǲ׼۽֮飿
ԶԵú˷ܣҲ޳ܣƺ֮ǰնЮֻ֣ѼһЦ
ǹЦԶʻƵƵͷеҲСǸɷӢȻǱģȻǲ
׼죬ΪԼĵ̬Ȳһ·Ϻߺ󣬿ԶĿǲм
ǸμΰСأûһʵ
ΡμΣ׼һţֲƲô𣿡
СΣô˵أô㣬ǿ㣡Զһ壬ѵ
У׼һģǲȻͻȻʲôصżգʲôߣٴ⣡쵰һЩҿҪǵҶʲô֮ģҶȻĲ㣡
˵ʲôأԶһЩֺõضԼ˵СЩ׼ҽأҪСĻֻҪ׼Ҷͺˡ
ѵϲС᣿Сʲô뷨ģ⵹ҲǼ£Զ
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׼Ϊˣϸ̺Щɢ޵İΣֻж̫̫ƽƽЩ˲Żᰲڶ壬ʱ½涨Ԫʯ
ڹħֲв£Σ¼ܹڹħϮ²ɼûмңԯһ֤Լˣԯ붫Ǽһһ£˫仹иӦ
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׼ҹһȲ軹û꣬뷢׵ͷˡ
ͷÿһϰʮˣƮƮݳһ֪׼ܹˡ
ΪһͷǴССӣ΢΢ŵ۾ֻɨ˼һۣ׿үǰ׼ң飿
׿׼εүүĸף׼֮ǰյ˹Ĵ￴ˡ
һ׿վһųϿҵ壬ԭֻ·ֻǣ֪һЩ飬ò˵Բ߶ţϺ
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Ҳ׿ѯĿ£ħǱڶ帽Ҫ˶þͻ壬׼׼
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ѵǹħǻ۲ɣȻ
׿֣أһ̾ĵܹڶ̶ʱ佫ɨ񣬼ûвֵģħһֱʲôȻıԣǻۣ
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Ϊǵ꣬ǽǿҪԴǵ꣬ħ֣ԳΪֻĹħ
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֪ħǶ壬ֻûϵǻô졣׿һȻȻһżʣүͨʲô֪ħģ
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Һ͹ħνˣҶȽ˽⣬һΧ֮ڣǿԸоĴڵġûнԴ֮Ĵڶհٵ
ԭ׿˵ͷлүѣ׼һǵԯȵĶ顣
׼ҺԯȲԶ໥ӦöϧһҲ֪ħϢҪȻҵǿȥԯȻһЩ塣̾˵ħἫ죬ȥˣҲˡ
үǲ׼ס°ɣªүҪ⡣׿Ͽҵ
ϿˣħȻҪȻҪġæǫ飬ֵǻ֪ħ㣬ⷽСӻе㾭飬Сд󣬾Ⱥʹϸ˵һЩζԸħ
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ͷСֻһ弸ûһͨŮ˸ߣһؤ
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ûʲôʶѡЦЦ
׿Ȼһ£ڨڨЦ׼ҵһǰֻǣѾ˶ˡ
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һɵӰӣ»εţ˿˿ĺʹͷųЩɵӰӾۼһһΧ롣
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ȥɣҺϼǱߵ˺죬ȥ˶ǿʱߵĹħǱߵǸûʲôϸٲǡĺ
˵ҲڶصƺרΪȥ˶һԳѪ۵ˣڶˣħûа취£ѪѪأѪغͼŽⲻĳޣǿѪֶۣԸԯȣ
ǾȥɡʸµͷĺҲûԸ߱㶨⡣


258 ˵Ӱ
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΢΢˾죬ĬĬؿʼɨ䣬ֹүүôÿζŪأ
СѾ񣬸֪Щʲôֱɨ䵽ż⣬Ǿ֮͵һܣ졣
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ǶǱߵļһҰɣ˵һʱ䶫Ǳߺ̫̫ܲƽҲǵ˺УЩһѵ嵷Ҳɣ

ɻ󣬾ۼ׼֮һۡ
֪֪ѵԯҪͶ忪սҲǰԯ죬ҪǴȷǶ֣ߣԶҲĻòͷˣȻɷǶǣĻŮ޺Ȼŭ
Ůˮҡͷܣԯ²ô˵ˣ׼ҺԯҲûʲôޣҲܴ󶯸ɸġ
ˣħˡ±ƽЦݵȻ޴棬ɥһҪ˵Ŀࡣ
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ڴʱ˳ɨһۣ̾ŰĹħˡ
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ɨһ飬аһ̾Ҳؾţ׼Ѿ˶ԸħķӣֻҪЭܽħϳ壡
ңûΪĻ־У׼ƺԵΡ
ΣЩ˵СۼԼļãòתͷЦе׿ʾ
׿һԲֻĿգճ𣬸׿һ߳׿վǰ
ԯȵˣһԯգ׿ô˽ܣ֪ߵĹħΨһһʧܵĵطԯȣ
ô̶̼仰һˣ԰׵ɫָ۰Ͱ͵ؿżտգɥʧĶ־·Ҳһĸؾ
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Ũգ¹ⱻ棬Ϊ
˶ʱۼ׼ңȺűϮΪ׼żڹħϮްЩԭûŵĶʿ׷ʰ˶Ķ־
ѹĺһɳƵϢڶֻҪɾʿܴһɳƵϢвһЩͬѰĶ
׼ţɫ裬ҡͷϵضš
׿Բӣһ£ͻȻˣ
ɫͽȻһ䣬׷״ϥվһĿ޵ԥļʱ׼͹ħħһս
ע⣬аﲻ̫µǹꪣ̬Բϵر仯飬˺˵ģֻ׵硢һ𡢼һԶԻشĹʽſشǡ
ɽյһתϣܹڴսʱô֪ɱԱ
±үүºԱߣԲָཱུ߬һζ̽ͦظһҲҪսģ
ԶԶɨ˳±һֿۣ˿ЩʵõŮ΢΢üȻɲյ˵˼仰
ƵƵͷӡ
Ա߿Ȼδ֮ҵ׼Ժţһսǰﲻʲôæ滹ֻңҳúԼǣ׼Ժ
ºһ㶣ԶԶƳ˼һۣ΢ɲس˵ͷԸĳ±׼Ժȥ
ЩŮĳһô˵һ𣬷׷ϲؽԼҶŮ׼Ժϡ
ЩŮǣң֮ǣһսʼҲܹһúҵġ
׼ԺǳĻѾ¶ŨҳڵĶԵôҫۣ˶֪׼ҵԺ϶׼ǶҪڶκεطҪȫ
ܿأ֮µŮУ׷ױԼҵĳϵ׼Ժ
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ħХҹպеԶ˶ϣһʱ䣬ļ£ȫϢʱ׼žһս
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һqqĹӰȻӿ壬ڵҹɫУһӰӺѷֱ棬ƶУۼֱԲ
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֮µʿ׼ңȻ֮٣Щ棬Ϲ۾һ㣬ֻܹΪħİӡ

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ǵصĹħȻ׼ԺЩۼȥڴ̶ХУ⧲߱ħץգڿ޵ĲҺУϵһؽѪܵĶϹǣ׷Ѫꡣ
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أһܴ۸ܲ׽Щħټһʱ䣬ʿ䵽·磬ʿħץգ˺Ѹ飬
Ѫζ˱ǣܶ϶մԼ˵ŨѪ֮Ż
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ԺԲУ׿׻ɽɫȻһͫо硣
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ֻǸ߸ϵĹħڱԴ֮һͻȻĬ

260 ˣ
ħСɽһ޴ӣڶϿգ¹ȫסӸ棬ĿڱԴ֮˸
ϣǹħűԴ֮˺һſڵͬΪ䲻ôڵ֣ΪҪֽ̭ĵ壿ֻҪ֣ﶼǸߵƿأαڵϢ
˻һжϵʿһƬȻǲ˼ֻаƴСıԴ֮
һʲôŰķ˿ɵĹħΪʲôҪ˵ֻ
ҲסˣɵɵźԼòŰ˾ŷƵıԴ֮пʼСһ᲻ŹħĲԣҪԼΪУһսѾ֪ˡ
ĳΪ֮ԴͷıԴ֮ڶʿвڹħ޶ӰΣҪ뽫ϵʿܱȹħҪݣֻҪڶתһȦܹѣȫ
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֣ɱ⣬ɨ½һ飬һǽ½ϵĵʱҿƿһУħűԴ֮˷ܡ
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˭˭Դ֮ߺߵշԸһֱŸ߸ϵĹħȥ
һֻֻħ׷׳űԴ֮ɱȥ

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ȳԴ֮ʮֻĹħȻһεҺ壬رܽ⣬ֱĶ䡣
ǧЩҺεɫһ䣬
ɢ俪Ķʿһţæż߾ۼ
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ЩħܽҺ壬ڶʯϣȻ͸ӲޱȵʯʯһĴָСԲףƵ̴ðݳ
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ᶾȻʯԸʴļޱȣһűӣЩ̵ǿ־塣

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ɽᣬͻȻ䱬дһ޴ĺֻаƴСıԴ֮Ȼһɲѷɫħаһ˿˿ۿɼɫ˿ߣسڱԴ֮˷
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һŭѪˣ֮·һӹעȫ̲ھѪ֮е˲䱻ȫȼ
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ˣħӴϢ̫þϵͣԪҲʼά̫þתˡ
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ڴʱԴ֮ħûľָʴڣһ˫ƶһС۾ض˿֧ŵļգ̾ϢҲһԥģ


261 һ
һʱԥаģһĳȵס
̫þйħǿʢħд½ϵΪռϷ磬»ָһ㡣
ȻħҲ汾Դ֮Ļ
ͨˣֻҪ֣磬ߵֿƽ֣ħ̫þк͸̫¼Ĳ䵽硣
ͨˡԴ֮ĴѸ죬żͷųʹ⻷ƶȥ
ĵ飬ڷˣ
溮һ߿ѹŹħһЩؿųıԴ֮
Ϊʲôֽ
֪Ϊʲôʱвûп־壬ҲûΪ½еֻţ·ħͱԴֽ֮ɵĻ𣬸Ѿĵ顣
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ֱһ̣ղʶڲ֪УѾԼеСһﵱһΪҪȻ£ԼѾѶԴ
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һֲ֮İһ㣬سֻǰƷ̫þ
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ԿĿռŤ˿˿ʹ̫þ֮бĴ䡣
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һ̣ҲڸӦСͷʵ磡Źٰ֮ľŹʿ޽ԳɵΪѰͻƣ⣡
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ˣմʧɫеܵ
ôܣͷǸɵñûҪȻСħǻӲԴ֮Ȼ


262 ҪһУ
Դ֮ɵñСͷһԺһλָɵģ˫ͫãȻؿһصʯǽһ֪ʲôģ
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ɵɵˣһѾ޴űܵһѽץУ±ޱȣǧ飬ȻȻ
պͱԴ֮ԶԶСͷɫ졣
տհϻˣҪźһʵСħͱһˡԴ֮εӣƤżշȥתǰʱֵС۾صżա
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ͷģȴСӰү̫ձĲʡϼһءԴ֮ߺߡ
Цŵ˵ͷյҲ湻ˣһȥЪЪɣ
տհүʿأԴ֮ǲµòˣϷˣү㣡
ԺеǺʿĻᣬϻȸһȥЪšƭӲǰѱԴ֮ŪԪС
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׿һ׼ϵ˷뼤һ仰Ȼ޴档
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ãã޾У漣ڡ
һ겨ڵǳΪħĵؽӭҲ󲻵ʹجΣ

죬ˮ̲Ķ
źˮļգ϶ŰƴСıԴ֮һ·ϹЦѸٳŶǰС
СһʳĹͷ޾ô֪ģ
Ԫһһعͷ϶Ҳϻʲô֪װױүԴ֮⡣
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ǵģͷеǳ񶾣ٺ٣үүңһҪҸͬˣտհ㲻֪һõطһ㣬ҵģǵ̬ˣһҪȥԴ֮㽵
ʲô֪ԪеõһЩϢС쵰һֱԼθڣȴʼղ϶˵
ҪһаԴ֮ЦأżģװͰ͵ģҾ͸һˣʲô̫¼Ԫ鰡һعͷʲôʲôģӦö򡭡
УУźʥһĹڣǻҪʥ޻Ҫǿ󣡻Ҫϣ


263 ɺ
ϵϳбƣЩڶǣҲ·ʱ
ʿڶ࣬鲼ڸ죬ɡȽԣٷ࣬ЩССʿɼ壬ͺͺϲСһ޴ڡ
һЩȽɡ壬ܲںЩˮļ壬ںˣĺףǿɻ
ϺͺڵʿɡʿҪʿܺͻҪ࣬ܶණʿ궼뿪һЩ½ңԶޱȵļ壬ֻġ֣Щط˿ܶûм
Ķʿʵֻռһ֡
̲޾漣ʿڶ˽⣬ֻЩӶˣЩˣڶķΧҲ޵ĺܡ
ˣû˸˵ԼԶһָƣĶطδ̽
ѡ񵽶ͻƾŹ֮Ҳǿ˶֮ر¶֪ڶããҲ޴
Ժ󣬲֪жжô󣬼ռ϶űԴ֮ڶ죬·˺üΣÿһ̫Ժ󣬻ҹǲܹ±
Ī⣬˵ûһԤףǵصʱ򣬹ηʮɣˮԽ˵ס
˺ϼ˺󣬼ղڶôһط֪һ˵ľλãҪһжôѡ
Ѿ֪Ĵ·λ׼ҡºǶ֪ϸ߷˶֮Ҳ칫ʱ·򷴷飬Ҳǳ
ˣտհ⺣ϻİԴ֮ſڼռϣ
İںϣƲɢһϾɴס
ϵ·ûб߽磬Ǽ긲˶Ժ󣬻Ϲ۵ĸо
ս߿գԽ·Ƶİͨϵǳʶ򣬴űԴ֮سȥõķ
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ȥȥȥԴ֮ͷؽֵָС۾صǰߺߵү֪ʲôз飡ŮҲз飬αļһƯŮˣҲĳַӦ
ϵЦһͣűԴ֮Ҳ֪Ůˣ
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ٺ٣үСħɲͬүи飬ģԴ֮
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һǷſУȻǰͬѰĲıԴ֮ϱ죬ͣ˼룬ҲͷţǰеСӦú޹ء
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ͷԷٴؾҲͬͬԴӦĳʿɻ߼塣
˶֮Ϊʱ˷ܣϵе׷ɱںеȻ

ˮ죬һͷСɽСɫȻֳɭɭһĳޱȡ
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ʵȷˣֶαȵϵʿЩǱۼԼĹȫˮӸɢˣһʱЩ޲ߣһͷЩ޴ˡ
տհҪҪүһζ˵ζ벻볢Դ֮ͻȻȤһӴӼյļ²ؿŲԶľ裬һɳԲ겨Ȼͽˡ
С壬ʮ꣬ҲԲɣյЦ
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ͻȻһͷ˺ʿĲҲټˮӹˣһͷ뺣УʿֱźǱȥ
ʿؿǾȥ޺Ȼضţȴû׷ȥ
һߣˮɢȥպͱԴ֮Ҳ谭ͬģһֱעھϵʿҲ˲Զļա
ɨ˼һۣͬʱ¶ӵı飬ûж࿴һۣϵͷ׼뿪һĵط
ףһﻹͦƨأտհ㿴ûûҮԴ֮ڷ˺飬Ϊ֮һ񣬹ߺС۾ǾҪȥգգͣǲмⶫȻ֮أ۾ĶûУ
Դ֮Ȼʹˣ󣬻ͨ˵Ļ϶һߴߴ
Ȼ˸֮Ϊ֣ȻԶȻԴ֮ᣬ˻һӾͽԴ֮˶䣬һü˱Դ֮ͼա
СӣʲôˣɽĵһˣͷŴ˼һۣͷСԺδᣬܹͣӦЩµģϵСǲǶһЩ
Դ֮мżռüŪۣЦ˵տհ˼ҵǿ㣬Ϊܹգǽ鱦ЦЦ
ƺģΩ²ңҪûҵ
ܹ͵ʿȻӦʿŶԣһᣬΪΪһ㣬ֻǽ鱦ƿշеӵһ࣬ûнշ
ݺݵص˱Դ֮һۣ΢΢һЦȭСӴżȻ·˵أǺǣ֪ܷλǰ飿
һմ֪ΪΣϾȻЩԵ
Ǻæûմ㣡ǸЩ긾ˣһͷλʦ֣ǿЩ߰ɣѪļֲμħᣬôҲŪõóֵʱȣǿûʱһС¡
ҲǵͷûдգתԶȥ
Դ֮һ׼˵̱Ļ͵طּյͷߺһ£Դ֮죬С۾ĹâȻҫؿȥĶʿ
үɱǣѴ֮ԶȥԺ󣬱Դ֮ź޺޵
֪Ҫɱǣ׾٣һ㶼ѡЦЦȻǺûʲôޣֻΪԷļӵĻʹɱ䣬Υǵԭˡ
ҿûʲôԭ򡭡죬Դ֮͵͵ҿ˭˳ۣɱ
УСܹƾɱˣɱˣҪԭĿĵġղ䷳ʼΪԴ֮һЩԭԵ⣬Բܹɱ޹
Դ֮ĵͷˣүˣ˵ˣ
ţ˾ͺã߰ɣǸȥ٣ֻҪţܹΪ򵼣ΪǴ·ЦЦن¡
֮ΪʿȻԲǵļպͱԴ֮˰ձⷵԼɣһǻɺʯľ޵
С˶٣ȫɫɺʯһȥһ·ȼŵĻ棬ǳ
ֻԶԶһۣбһɺ
ɺڶҲһЩĵ죬ʿ٣ҲһЩȽϳڣлھһڶЩĴɡ
һɺո˵Ϣ϶ӦöǻڵˣѹϵϢŹɵĻƸо
ߣȥҵľݵ㣬ɺϣҿǺͻġЦЦűԴ֮һۣôõʿǲӦЪЪˣ
Դ֮ͷ鲻ԸڵԪ顣˶ʱ򣬼ղԸ⽫¶һЩҪ鷳
ڻɺĵص㣬ԯȵʱ͸ģͼϱˣռˣܿҵڻɺľݵ㣬ѭѶţһ·ͨ裬Щ˹£ֱӽڻɺĹҡ


264 
ƺڻɺĸˣҲڶŦҪ䣬֮
ƺƶˣֵܣƺǸ磬ƶǶ֪ܶڼյ飬һ˵չƺ˻ӭ
ƺΪڶҪˣڶȻģҪ֪⣬Ƕҵ𰸡
Ѫ۴ħĿںţټɡ֣öƼѪءʵأɱħļƲߡ
ʿɣħ췭ظֻѪħˣŹ֮Ϊ¶ԺѪԼ˶ɡͷˣҲ˶ڶʿϣ
ˣѪһӦʿ֣׷ӦѪ۵ٻ׼ֵħᡣ
ɺĻڣҲ֮һ
ΪܹѪ۴ߣҲΪܹȫԼɣڵҪŪһȥΰѪۣϣܹѪ۸ܡ
Ҳණɡ뷨
ɺһ飬žûһЩΪľ裬ԱݴΪģһƤȿƳɱʣҲƳɱ£ϵļǣŪɴ͸˵ıǹ
˵ɺܹɱر׸ѪۣԵܹӮѪ۵㹻ӡ
ǻڵ뷨
ô˵ڶĸʿ֣˶ҪͽѪˣƺ˵һйѪ۵üͷʵ
ƺʿҪ࣬ϧ͵ĸȴǳϡ٣ôʼղŹʿҲǶڶʿһֱΪ顭
Ѫһеʿˣǡɸϵħҵʱ֣ٿһϽħˣôһؼʱĳһΪ˵Ľ㡣
ȻǵˣɼղòϣѪ۷ǳƣǳʱ
ǰûмҲ֪ʲôˣѾôɼѡʱôǡˡƺЦôһƵ򵥣ʱ˾ۼһֻҪֳӦеķȣܹӮ˵֧֡
һ£ƺֵܹ˽ħԺڶĵλֱƲ桢壡һ۷ڣǵƣ˵һ°
ƺΪҪȻҲ֪Һ͡Ѫء֮ԹȻϣѪۺȺۣʿȫۼ
ʿ˶࣬ڶۣ²֮ͬ硣
ƺĬ
ҪħҲһ׵顭ЦЦǹһ˿ζ˶࣬ãߴǣףҪɱٺ٣ҵǲ
ƺ۾һ
ˣѪۼȻҪԸħǾȥˣħڶ𣬿ǵҲõѪۻɱԯȡ˴ɫһߣԯȣǵҲԸŹʿǷҪС
ûñԴ֮ʲôˣⲢ˵ôѪĵҴŶɱԯȣƼˣĻñԴ֮ɱ䡣
ͱԴ֣֮ԽħˣŹʿħԲɢ𣬱Դֵ֮Ļ޶ֱӶĿԼ
˵ˣԯȵʥݷԼΪʥһؼʱʥ˵Ҳְæ
⹫壡
ôո޾Ѫ۵ı
Ԫڵĳϣǰɺڻɺһ죬ڶվ뿪˻ɺǰȥƺѪۺ͹ħ˵󣬿ʼո顣
֪ڵ֮أڻɺĺǸ򱻳Ϊأ˵źаĺĺܶʿһ㶼һ
һƬ򣬵췱࣬籩УҲСǹԪڵǰȥ죬Ϊ֪ľλãҪҵҲһ׵顣
ˣһ˵Ԫڵĳϣֻ뿪ѣϾͷ
˹Ԫ⣬жǰصģʡ
вٹȥǰһûдӻɺƶ˽֪һЩ˵һ飬ȻЩ˵үԯȱ̬ȣó¼ѪɽμҶһվǰɽҲ˵ɽˣúܶ˴ùġ
ʵ˵ǰصˣҪе̫ˡ
ƺ壬ڵˣҪ㡣棬һҵɣ΢΢̧ͷʱ򼧳յǳݾ⡣
ͼսƺ΢΢üͷֵ˵Ⱥһ
ƺ壬֪үѾȺ˵ˣ˷˵м£˵Ҫ㡣
ƺһ˿ŭһ֪ˣϹȥ
깪ȥ
Ǻǣ޷ҲȥˣǰġûƺǸִĻЦվ
ƺЦЦڻɺⲻҪͻڴ򽻵ͨڣҲչ˲ٶϡ
յ˵ͷûж˵ʲô档
ȻǶʿϣǼ֮ǰҪɱˣոʱ򣬼վͨǵϢһ㡣
ΪǸų񲧣һƺ΢΢˵ͷƺļʱüͷһ塣
λǰΪ£ƺЦˣûΪ˵̬
Ҫ˵鱦ⷽרϣܹίõ¼׽רõħҪˣʱ̲ݻϣܰǻھף񲧺ֱҪ
¼ҵȷʮֱӴ͸Ȼķεķǹǹǳ¼ҵΪ˲ɱרƶɵһ鱦תʹá
ȻȴȻϸŻڵ˿˼ۣЦɵƺ
ǹ¼ҵر裬ȻƾԯȵĹϵҪ赽¼ҵĴǹҲпܡ
ǣˣΪ̬˰ƾʲô
ǹ˳¼رܹܲ赽ҲûаգҵᾡΪƺǺЦ
ãΪǰ״£ô꣬ǻں죬ǲҪΪ£ʧȥǻڵ꣡һֱվ俴ƺһۣ˷뿪
Ϊôί뿪ղſƺƽʡ
ƺҡͷһ̾εүºйء
˻Ȼ
ôǺͻ֮ĺûʲô⣬ȻֻҺǼߵһ󣬻ں֮䣬˷磬ѺõĺϵҲ˱仯
ΪΣպǲ⡣
ƺϵЦӿɬˣҡҡͷƺνͣһԯڶˣܶණɡ壬һԯ𣬶ҳ޲ᡭ
һԯȽϰ裬Ȼŷʵֻǣڶ˲ˣھһɡ
Ҫͣƺ˵֪ԭˡ
ǰҵļԯµȷˣУвĵĶһȻӲˡ
һԯϵɡѪءҲ˶ڶɼ壬ڶʿɣҵԯǲعķӡ
ԯȣͼߵһϢȻҲһණĴɣΪҵԭ򣬻ںִҪǻں̫֮˵˫ѾһĶɢˡ
Ȼδһ˫ĹϵҲиңڵĵһЩң̬浱ȻҲͷ˱仯
ԭտЦҡҡͷʣڼȻ˲Ժ̬ȿҲı䣬ѵһֱôȥ
˫̫ʱΪ滹δ˺ƤԺǾ˵ˡƺһֵ̾յϢѾʼһЩϵҪƲңҵµĺ飬һǽŪףͻᵥֹҵĺ
˻ڣûбҲ˼֪ڶֻͻںʡ
ƺͷЦ˻ڣмɣҲôһ
ȻûϵԯڶôãõЩɣϧҪЩ棬Ҳúͼһޡ
ѪҪԸǼңڶһӦˡԽԽѪ۵ĴڣԯǸشв
үⷽ뵣ģڶӪ꣬Ҳôױݿģ㰲ĴϵˣòС¡ƺο
˵ͷйâڣҼˣţҲܹڻɺҪЩȥء
ƺȡֽͱīдһƺԯԺ󣬼ձӻɺ뿪ء
ڶһ𶼻ɫĺ򣬽ڵĺֻ˵ûмȻظַ籩ˣϡŹֵĺбޣȴǶ಻
е޷ǳб·ںУгɵʿЩе޽ˣҲռʲôϷ磬صĺأ֪˶ǿʿʬ塣
ڻɺȷ˷λԺ󣬼һ·źظȥ֪ǲתˣӻɺ뿪ԺûŨ;ˣһ·˳˳֮ϡٵĽء
ĺˮЩɫʱ򣬼֪Ѿ˺صĺ
ɫĺˮڶǺһƬеģ˵Уһĺˮ֮ǰɫΪֲĺϷڵںҺ֭кɫĺˮúˮ˰ɫ
ſڼռıԴ̫֮۾޾ɵؿǰĺأʣطǶ̸֮ɫĺҲûʲô˵ĵطϡƽĺܰ
ҲʲôͬЩŹְɣѡôһͻƾŹ֮϶ԭģ˵ĻЩͬءſҲûиӦʲôͬ
һξʯǰֳһСɽһľʯ棬¼Ծľ֮֡ء
ڶĴ˵Ѿã˵жʱ򣬺ʹˡ
ܶණɺ֮Ǳ߳ƺΪڶܶ˶ƺΪ
֮أ
˸ӡǾʯ֮ϣκֻҪܹ˸֡
ôĿԴ֮ʲôȤ飬ǰ˸ֺߺߡ
һЦ֮Ҳûн־浱һ£ݲȵشűԴֱ֮룬ںв
ڣкܶССĵ죬һǶһƬСһ鶫̸֮ɫĽأɫɣһ·϶ķſصϷȥ
տգ㿴ǱˣԴ֮һ˷ָǰһɺ˵¡
һŰ˾ʬ壬ȵ̫⿾ĸɰͰ͵ģһˮֶûУ˾ʬȻ˺ܾˣƤѣϴⱻ˺ѣͷеۿУȴûӡ
ɿݵѪǵջ䣬ӦǱ˻ȥ򲻻ôһģ
˾ʬųһţÿһʬ϶һ޴޹ǣ޹ǽֱֱ𣬿ɺ治
һ룬ͷְ˾ʬ壬հǻ˾ʬȻȥʱԼյ۹˾ͨӲƤʵδãгɵʿŻеס
˸ʿ֪ɱҲ֪ΪʲôᱻǾ棿Ƕ˵ĳͷ
ҡҡͷ߰ɣ޹ء
ϧˣҲʧˣҪȻǿԴ֮Щʧ
ˣ͹ħһǿ󣬹ħֱӽ˵ɣͬΪħǲҲҵǴûмôɡһͻȻ⡣
Դ֮ǲмĵؿ˼һۣΪүôʳүȻһҪ꣬үǺ޵ģһʿֵ̫̫࣬ɣүҪ
үСħͬǳͷβаħԼ̫߰ĸſʲô궼ɣֻүķʽȡԼòȻԱúǿ󣬵ǻ۵ЩǵӰ죬ɳǲ졭
˵һڶһսү׵ƭ
Դ֮ôһ˵ջͷѹֻպԪеҲֻȻڵûκҵ
֪Դ֮˼һ˳ɳлᾭ̫飬Щ鶼Ϊеӡǣһǿʿгޡ
ʿľ֮ѣܴԭΪ겻γɵһ̿ʼб̫ɣʿĴʵҲһȥɵĹ̡
ܹﵽ۷ʿоԲǴϾ꣬þһȷ顣
ħôȷǵʱӵһΪֲĵزȻЩҲӰ쵽ǻ۵ĳɳҲб׶ˡ
ǱԴ֮Ȼȹħ̫࣬սʱܹ͹ħһսԭ
СҲˣҴԪ飬ҲõЩɶԪɱ˵İͻȻ뵽£ɫһ䣬ٵĽ
¸ƨԴ֮б˼һۣٺٵЩԪ鵱еɶǱԪһ飬䵽ڵǶ޺
˵ˣЩڣֻǱͷųȥһսЩػԪˣûлӽ֮УЩ˵ֻһͷŵĽʰˣʲôõĵġ
Ǻǣ֪ЦЦǲ£ΪûнԪԼԪѪ֮С
һ£նűԴ֮أҼǵãԪУƺõһЩ֮УûӰ쵽ĵط
Դ֮С۾˸һ£ʵʵܣУȻԪеѾһΣǻЩӰ죬ү˺ܴ󹦷򣬲Žеʸ޳ȥ
ôһ˵մĵһ
걾Դ֮Ԫеһγʱ򣬼ոоõмȫаͺ⣬Ǹʱ򼧳ļҪʵû뵽ð취ҲûаܹԴ֮ɵñԴ֮ڡ
ȻʱţֱԴ֮ĺаԽԽˣӶ뿪ôһʱ䣬Ϊ춼ںͱԴ֮ĵԭ򣬸ӷֱԴ֮еаԽԽ٣ĵز
еһɻֱԴ֮ôһ֪ԭ
տհǲһֱүԴ֮ǴֻƳһۣƺ³뷨
ǰЩġЦЦԺ󲻻ˡ
Դ֮ؿú󣬲˵װڲٶүһֱˣտհСûĵĶʼգүû㣬ɹһү
Բ𡭡պա
үСˣԭˣԴ֮˻֣ܴȵ˵
˼һֱڵθңֱգɢ
ɱɱɱɱɱһɱͻȻǰ
պͱԴ֮һЦسķȥ
ֻ졢֮Ϊʿһ޴ʱҡڲڵĺһֻֻϸĹεţΧס
ЩϸƽȴžһķݣǾһķݣʱ֨֨ؿҧҪҪȥ
ʿϵعźеĹ㣬ϧ࣬ںдǵĹ䵽Уʮа˾գܹ˺㡣
ʿֻ졢֮Ϊǳ˴ȻΪܹƿշУںУãã֮аϵգ䣬ʮа˾һ
պͱԴ֮ԶԶʿ͹㽻ս۾˼ʲô
Դ֮ȤС۾ЩɨһͻȻЦˣտհЩ㻹ͦȤͲ˶һƴǺǣҶԷˣүһﵹùˡɶᣬȻðգⲻ𣿡
Ҳ֪ʲôǵĿĲΪҵǿԳְһѣҪǰأĿΪɱЩԥ
ƾһҲɱΰɣԴ֮ߺߡ
㲻ףʱһ˷֣СӶԵ֡ҡҡͷϸţԥ
¸гУʱںصϢ֪ʱصˣкܴǳ
ڲԯȺɽľ棬ģһΪУв²˺пһˣԥ
Ⱦ˵ǵĿɱ˾ˣܼԴ֮顣
ţɡ˵ͷйâ˸⡣
һ£յһƬȥ䵽ͷϣһȻԼӰſ
һ֮ͷʵʵسĺˮУˮ类ͻȻ
һɹ֮ͷǿҵľζȻǳ΢Ҳܹܵزһǿ
ֻһڼյЩΧסĹ㣬׷ɢȥ
ƣʿ棬˸ոһֱרڵضԸΧԵĹ㣬ûע⵽ˣҲûзּڰȻոǡ
ˡŽȻҧ㣬滹֪ʲôءһʮĴ󺺣ƣ̱ڼװ棬ԼϥָĵԪӦʱܻϮ
Щ֣ߵĸ֣Ҳ֪ôһ¡һӸͦŮŸ鷢ɻ
һ֪ʲôƤƳɵĽƤ£Ƥ󣬽ϣǰ͹µĳеĸѪš
Ůʮߵ䣬ïͲټһװ磬һҰ
ģȻ֮ΪոоõУľ練Ϊһע·һ˵졣
֮⣬ȫǴҰĴ󺺣ʱ۲ϵεһſˮȻŷǷֵ뷨
ҰŮƺ˵ĴĿ⣬΢΢üҪѧ꣬ץһʱָԼԪСЩʱ
㣬о񰡣ҿ۵Ĳˣȴ˵һʮͷ꣬Ÿո޵֮ǹЦ⣬˵
ӣҲǿŵİҪֳһĶŮͨŮ˺һЩ촽һεƣЦݣԹģǵùȿˣ㣬һҲ֪ܹܲҵ
İ㣬Ǹ󣬿϶ҵʯġΪӡ꣬һЦ㣬ҪҵʯҪһڰ
Сӣҵ˵ɣŮЦһ䣬δɣȻҲѧǳﶹˣ
ոϥõĴ󺺣æֽʵˣֻ룬ɴұλʱ򶼲Ź㰡
㲻ϻʲôŮݺݵعǴһۣһͷ͵ص˺ˣϻˣʵʵĸһָҲˣӰء
ôһ˵˵ǲنˣ׷׽˫ڼװ
ʯȻеļգһһˡ
ʯ˵Ǻصһ汦ƺֻкһصĺʯʯΪԴһ˵꣬ûҵ֮ǰ̫
֮⣬ʯһ;ΪʹãһЩطˣʯ˵ȥԷӡס꣬ʯеԶԳʯ
ʯ⣬˵Ƕôǿֻ꣬Ҫʯ֮УʩչܹӰʯ
ȻȻģܹӰʯʯе꣬Ҳ϶ܹˡ
Ȼֻ졢֮ΪһᣬΪ˵ǿ˳ƺˡ
ʯʯΪʯҪʯã
һ뷨Ժйһ飬է֣һ𶫺ĸִ£ϲ³Ҫʯˣ
Ըħ
϶;ͻȻЩ⣬ʯܹ
һֱʲôħûס˼άͬʼ߲
ħԶʵҲһԸķʯǿԶԸħʯֻҪħȥӡħвǽ⿪
øոճ־ǣҪȻԼǻܹͨһ㣡հңĵȻǺкñ
ιһ濴ʲôأŮƳ˸߸ϵļգüߵ
һȻǺһЦʼ磬û£··ˣߡ
߰ŮһҪߣʱˣµ


265 ʯ
ȻЦؿǸһƤµĻŮ𣿡
ŮһЦӯӯȻ£ӸµĿ˼ң˺ܲӦҲܲò
ƨòԴ֮ƲƲ죬мصһ䡣
ףŮһģĿűԴ֮ĳ𣿺ÿɰСһﰡ
ȫҶǳԴ֮ݺݵص
ŮЦϵЦԽԽŨżպͱԴ֮ţһȤܴӡ
뿪ļգһÿѯһйʯ飬ô˵ͷˬ䵽װϡ
ŮΧˣӷּյӰ󣬾ͷ׷׽עе˼ϣ䵽װԺȻϥĬĬϢָԪĿȴʱʱؼε龯衣
ҽҶˡŮҽܣָװϵˣ򼧳սܣ꣬ѦԴҲǶˡ
ꡢѦˣҶָʱ΢΢żյ˵ͷۣûκα鶯
ҶһԺ󣬷ĺ촽ЦӯӯؿżգոտллˣԭȻЩΪʲôĪȥأϷŷԭǱˡ
ꡢѦ˼ϸ壬·֪࣬鲻䣬ǽȻһӼա
ЦЦС¶ѣСαؿ
ǿǣлӦõġҶϿҵ
ûһԽȥǶһЩʱˡнһ꣬ɫһ˿ưһ䡣
ٸҲ죡Ҷ޺޵طһۣǸؿżգ˾ӲƢ
ЦЦδ˵ʲôĿһһɨһۣаͷ
䶼󣬺꿴ʮ꣬쾳磬ݼ㣬Ըȡ
˶ʮ꣬ѦǹЦݣһ˵ģ֮˵Ŀ⣬ȴҫǵɫʣԲ
ԴˣѦһ֮ΪнԴЩƺһޱ飬ǶʲôûȤһʲôĵӡ
ᣬȴһΪտһأǼ֮
⼸˵̸ֹԿȻԸ죬˴˼ĹϵǷǳѺãϢͬ϶ͬһɣǵĴŶŵÿһš
ڶʲôݣʯѵΪ˰ͽ½Ѫۣ
һɻйһ飬նһ˵ǽȤ
֪۲˵ʱҶһ˶ĺĸ
ᣬ֮Ϊҹһǰش̸ֹһݲȵĵȻ緶˴ҶһˣҲľͬԼյҪ
֮ǰ棬˵ҪѰʯĿȻɨһ飬¶һЦʵ
ҶһˣͫȻһעȫ
Ȼվ𣬾ؿżգӺ˸֪ʯ
Ҷü΢壬Խʹ˸ɫʾҪţռԱߣƺڷֹʲôѺõһ˫ȴżգҲںôش
һ֣һ㶣ȻȻǶˣҲ˵汦ʯôѵʲôף
㲻ǶˣѦǺһЦŽգգۡ
ŵȻһɣȻĬĬˣֹһ䣺ԭǶˣҽһ¡
ţҴġЦЦ
Ѧһ֣ƳҶһۣ˽һ
Ҫһˡüͷ΢壬˹ŹŹֹ֣ƺźܶ飬̽
֪ˣ϶ɱİɣмƲ´ķзһʱصˣʮа˾Ϊġ
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㡭˺ߣ㣬ԼԹñˣʱĳˣû㣡
죡ҶˣǸضԼ˵˾Ҳһ⣬һȷأ˲״ðȻĻʮа˾Ի߳ȥ
Ҷԥһ´򼧳յԺػϤΣʱȺܶණҪصΣգǸǶ˱ûʲôȤ֮ǰȹǣҪǰصĻǿΪ·Ҳǻ֮顣
ˡЦҡҡͷȻصԱ
˼ǻ׸㣬ͱˡ̱µ
տհҪǲ⣬үϻܶСӣΣſڼռϣһֱȤһ˽ıԴ̲֮סˡ
ҶһˣԴ֮һڣôɱ˻һŹ֮
ǽǲʺһɫѿޱȣԼǹ̶ģûϵⲻС㾹ȻһھҪԼ
Ѧһ֮ЦЦٺٵ㿴˼ҾģСһﶼ㣬㻹ʧˣ
ᣬûһŭգɳʲôǵ顣
ֻǺݺݵص˱Դ֮һۣرͷȥͳһƽϡ
Сӣ˵˭ǳأү㣬үŸƨ㣡Դ֮бۣ񶾵µ
ȤѦЦҶҲ̿͡ЦꡢԴҲݹŹֻ֣һ޶Եӡ
˶Դ֮ǳѿ֮ףֻм֪Դ֮⻰ǿ
㣡ճŭȴûжֻ֣ǵżգ˼ǣܺĳ
ȻȻʵһ˱ô裬ñףʧȥǵĶˣܹסʵˡ
СҪٷϻ͸ҽȥʵЪšպߺߵ
ˣүˣˡԴ֮ӻ֣һôӡ
ǿɰҶ۾ԽԽֱֱؿűԴ֮ʵСһʲôôôŹ֣
Դ֮һͷһۣǸ߰
λٻˡһȭ˶˵ʲôȻִӼװϷ
ιҶͷߺ㲻ϤأðȻĻԿģһɣǿԴһ̵ģ
лˡӦһ䣬Զ
˻ãҿҲˡߺߵ
ǵģһ⣬ǻ˵ȫζҶǳ
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˻һҶѦˣɫȻһ䣬һȵĺطʿͿԸɵѵѵ
ͷǵģҲʤ
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տհǸһֱСӣģһɺܹŹֵ䵽װĿʼһʼնǲˡһһ˴ˣſڼռıԴ֮˸˵
֪ЦЦһһ˺Ѳ걻ٱ÷ǳϡѱ棬ˣҪȽ˼Ķడ
ͳСӣʵҲǺ⣬ҸоĳȰǻȥԴ֮ٺٹЦ
㻹ôȻʧЦ
˭ͳˣԴ֮µҲҪģ̫Ƿˡ

һ·ЦûнҶһ˵ľٳźɡ
ף
ͻȻһ̧ͷ˿죬ɫǾ죬૵
һ̣ͻȻҲо޾򱱶ǵһ˵ֻҪΪﵽ֮Աʿ̫İ磬ҲܹӦǵĴں
ȻڸոգͻȻԼͱǴڵϵǱ˸Ӳնˣ
ֱǲܷ飡
εԱǳߺǳ꣬Ӧʱ޿̶ܹϱǵĴڣΪبŴڵģ۰ҹһֱǸλ䡣
޷ӦǵҲζ֮һڵԪĸɾҪָǳأΪûгԵʣշеÿʱÿ̶ҪڵԪ
ܹٲڵԪһԪĸɾ⺣ڣֻ·һ
Ȼ䣬ʶҶԲ飬طȻޱȡ
̧ͷ죬ŨĻƣ·ԶʧƵãͻҰɽƲһǳ⻪赲֮ˡ
ſԲŨĻƣһƲṹһͷƸŨӵĺз·һЩܹ׵ʡ
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ѵҲܹӦǵĴڣΪͷϵƵԭ򣿼ɻ
Сĵ㣬ҲطЩŹ֡Դ֮ѵõɫһС۾µµתţش
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һʯϣϵشǡ죬Щʯֻ֫壬ſֽţֱżץ
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ÿһʯֶʮɣǧɽС塣
ȥˣȻоȣҲţһӦЩʯ֣һ߿ٴ֮ķ϶ӣϣһȥ
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һ
һϿ˲ͬѰĵطЩʯôγɵģǶѭضĹ켣ܹǡôҵ϶ֺ;֮䣬ײȻһ㲻ҡ
ҪһĹת֧ţЩʯֲôҲôǡɽ͵κο϶
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Ĵڣ˵ҪԸʯֵľֻΪ˽һпռ䶼
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ӿ뼧壬ɽݺݵײϡ

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տհǰ϶СˣԥˣԴ֮С
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ԭһķ϶ΪĹ仯ޱȵԽ

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ȻɲܹӦǵĴڣǶһٺ󣬼ջǰҲѡ
ν̬ĥ£͹Ӧκεı仯ֻҪһҲͬԱ緢˿һϸΪı̬ſڹؼʱӣ֮յӹһ١
ۿԴ֮ͻȻУӼռգС۾ؿ󣬵үĳʶˡô󡭡ô󰡡
µļգͷһҲǴľ
ôľˣţſǶȻֹʯɣȻȻɸոһ޴ʯֶɣʮʮɵʯ֣һȻʲô
ڼУſںҶȻӡǡ죬żգʱƺҪͷ
ԶԶյ󣬵ڶ仯Ĺħɽһľ޴ȣֱһϲ̨ѡ
ѹ֮ǰһʯ֣ȴӭôҵķԭЩʯֻȻһֶѣȻ֮Ӧÿϳһˡ
ôղžԼ˲ԩ
谡ʲôԴ֮۴У˷ܵ治УʯѵʯĺɣҪȻôôۣʯֱɽҪߴ̫ˡ
Ǻںصף岻ʯͷɡմؿȻ૵ûֻ꣬һĹˣûʯ֣ȻǺ
ʲôʲôԴ֮С
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪ǲЦûתǰǡɡ
Ȼ޴ֵıУһʯû꣬һֻἤǿķֲֿļһֱû򰡡
һԭ֪Ȼֻһϵ󷨣ȻѾӹгǷź󷨽档

ɽһȻŤӣˣˮ˷һƬˮ򳹵ױˣˮɽ죬ľ
Դ֮°ȻȴֲգԴ޿κε䵽ϣε߰ɣ߰ɣô˼
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ȻܹӦǵȻڵѪʱ򣬼ոոĵԪȻҲĻָ
ˮ֪ʱ𽫼չסˮĺ˳ëϸףһ˿һػ壬ڵԪѸ
֮ҲԪһ֣ˮ֮ȻҲԱ仯ΪԪУˮˮСУ̺ԪЩԪȻϡһա
ʿ޷ͱϵľ裬Ҫ֮ԪҪһЩȻôȥʱ򣬲ŷԼ·ǸУƵϡԪʱ򣬸ûʲô谭
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һʮɵʯִ֣ѿһƬηУһʯֻ뺣С
ʱһƬָԭòӴĴʯʧʮɵʯҲӰ٣ȡ֮һ͹ͻʯ
һֿԷֿһףԴ֮µ
ҲĿɿڴûϵԼŸո뿪һ飬Ǳ߾ȻָֻԭȻ⺣رޱоȻڴľ֪ԺҪʲôϡŹֵ⡣
տգˣ˽ˣͻȻԴ֮С۾ţ·͸޾ĺڰֱӵʱĹʯ֡
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ڴʱոоҶһѾʯ֣ϵģĵ鲢ûз
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ǰһƬƽûһ粨֮ǰһУ·ֻĻþؿҶһ˵Ӱ֣Ȼ
տհЩ֮ǰ޵ķʸǡƺƺľ顭Դ֮ҲǻȻֵشҶһˣૡ
ף㣡㾹ȻڣҶ۾⣬һӱ㿴˴ǵļյıԴ֮µȥǹȥ
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ֻһҶһ˵ڼԱͣҶżջ˻֣Щ˷ܵû°ɣ
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ˣźֹϵǶǶ˶׫ܲģ˵Լ𡭡ҶЦŽһ£ͻȻ˵ǶһҪ˽ĶһЩǲĻ
ãҺͬСոɴЦ


266 ľ
ҶһˬӦԵúܸˣԱԴ֮Ȥһ˫ʱʱڱԴ֮ȥҪǱԴ֮ʵڶ񶾣˵ᱧŪŪ
ϲԴ֮СȴûʲôøУڶԴ˵ʱСһʼһԸ̬ȣʲôˣһɰų·˭ǷǮƵá
ѦˣڼյĽ룬ûзκ
ƢܳĽҲǳĬ򼧳յĿҲ֮ǰͬ
ܹӺʯ޽ӳ˭С
һһμղûоܾϣҶһˣһ롣
ҶᣬȴԺطǳ˽⣬ǿУ֪һЩصҲ֪Ҫ뺣أʲôԱ⣬ʲôȴⲻ
رضգĪ⣬ʯһĽֻҪ÷ǿԽġ
һ㣬ȴҪӱܣܹӱܵĵģܹܿգҶǿԽ
ҲǼոռ˵ĵط
һ죬ճϣȻҲ鷳ܵ˵˳ҲûֿҪվ
졣
谵޹ĺУΧֱҪֲָˣҶȼ˻ѣŨŨлһ
һƬʱצħֻҪצħĿԣԱģһҪСģҶɫȻع۲Χ״
ѦˣһƬҲһ˾񣬷׷ڼװɽվʱս׼
Ȼװϣûкһվ΢΢۾ɮ붨һ
צħһֺƣȴӵżצͲԾĹǺضеġ
˵צħҲ֪࣬Ϊʲô˺ܵ˺䡣
Ӵ֮Ǿͱצħֽű˷絶צӣ˳˲䱻ϧȴʧȥǻۡ
צħֻбܵɱ¾ѪΪʳԶڼյĺأɱκνΪ
յצħֻһֲֻ֪ɱ¾аԴצħֻɱûеڶ·
Դ֮ſڼռɽһ˫С۾µµתʲôŨȤԺֻҪܹԪ飬档
վ࿴磬ӴһЩˣܹ嵭ĵаӣԽԽԣԲѣնɻ
ιǸϲļһ㲻ҪǿүòԴ֮С۾һȻ䵽ϣһǲǱ̬ӿǿʼ͵͵ĿǣǾô棿
Уֿƺܵ͵ͣ໰ƺʲôȤһȻƽ
ȻΪԴ֮һ仰ͻȻΣŹޱȡ
ѦҶһˣһԴ֮˵ôһۣɫȡ
㡭֪Ĺ۲㣿ӣڨڨЦ
һμʱүͿˡԴ֮мбһۣߺߵСһԵģרϲֱ̬飡
ѦЦ
ҶһҲһ̿ģһǶȻԴ֮Щѹֲסˡ
ҡͣһſڣȴǶ֪ӦôͲźá
ǸҶԲЦؿűԴ֮ͬǺЦļգһϰˣϲĹ۲Χһһ̫ˣԡ
ӻ֣ղ޷ֵǹΪ⣬ⷽƣϸ⣬ĺѷֵС
ôһ˵˼ˣһ죬૵Ǹ
ҡҡͷûж˵ʲô
ǵĵצħˣԴ֮ССĶ䣬ͻȻһһ£ſ˵
Ҷһ
һãȻ΢΢۾·ķΧ
Īû
ôһ˵ҶѦһɫɣûвȡʲôֶΡ
ȻǸԼͬ顣
СһǵģЦɲҿ˰װ׽šҶ˱Դ֮һۣǳ⡣
ƺķǳϲСһֵĻһ㲻
ûЦԴ֮һмŲţ
ûһºܶⷽĸӦǿôٳġԴʵ˵
ЦЦŵӡ
Ƴһֿۣ˿ҶҲûж˵
һӺ
ɫȻһ䣬Сģצħˣ
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ҶˣʱҲûеոյĻǿЦˣͻȻ䣬Ҷһ˿¡
Ϊؾ⣬ĸӦôŴ˽սʱҲܹռ
ͻȻ䣬ǷڱԴ֮ǰȻѷɫһжʱһ˿֮
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֪˶ãҶһһһش״̬еЩʱѾʧ٣ͳͳǸˡ
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Դ֮мĿǣǿɱͼǸԶЩľҪëǣҶ꣡
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Դ֮ûзǣ֪Ǿڰ׹ǵʱԼʲôۡ
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մͷŰ׹ǵĵشǰС
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ʱҲſʼɨսЩ䵽˷ļƷԪʯһһռ׼һҷ䡣
ݳްͻȻһƵԶ
һʮˣһ۾⣬ֱֱضŵЩļƷԪʯĿеֱ̰¶ɡ
һĴ󺺣ͷ絾ݣһɫۣŵһУĿһһɨҶˣЩСǲȻܹȪˮеļƷԪʯ̳
һ£Ĵ󺺣ֵȪˮеЩôûɱǣ˵
Ű֮ΪһΪʮˣʵҲ֮֮ĸָǱȱȽǡ
һݵ̬ӵӣһĿʱײĵӣȴҲһʿ
һʮˣʿʮʿʿ
صİ׹ǵȻ϶ܺУҪٱȼ࡭
ʮˣʮĿⶼصļƷԪʯתֻʿһҶһˣһ峺׵Ȫˮ
ȻһʮӦǻȪˮУʳĸɸɾǲ֪Ȫˮ쳣
˵ΪĴ󺺣ȻҶ˵һ
ʱʮ֣ɢգۼ㽫һΧס
ʮ˽һΧԺҲûţûǣȥϵļƷԪʯҪЩΪС
üͷ侲ؿһˣΪ׹ǵʼһɹŹֵ겢ûвһ˵ĵۿЩ˽ԼȻʼԼԴɱ䡣
ͻȻͷֱ䵽ϣȻѯ
ܹڰ׹ǵ࣬һ°ȻһЦӺ߳ƳһЩˣʱȪˮӰôˣѵʲô죿
Сӣǲǵǰ׳գǴһЦʱʮˣȪˮУ˵ǻ᲻֪ȪˮĹŹ֣Сӣʵ㣬ڰ׹ǵѾ˰£ΣÿζܶȪˮУҲ֪Ȫˮʲô
ʲôװɵһϿҡ
󺺱һӲӺƥһֱ򼧳ա
𣿡΢Цʣ̧һ
峺׵ȪˮĳǣȻգȪˮΪһ޴ˮߣӨһڽƥ縹С

޴߻Ϊϸ꣬һأеĲӲӽ⣬ҲʧӰ١
ԵЩ죬ƺûϵվȻûбһɱ΢΢üͷ󺺱׼ٳɱС
ڴʱɫȻһ䣬ͻȻЩ£͵շ
޴ˮߣ֪ʱȻ¾ۼˮھӨѩ׵Ĺɼצ³Ŵ󺺷ȥ
صİ׹ǣһˮߵڣˮߵŴ󣬷·Ҳˮߵ
ֲϵĴ򣬵ӲӺ⻺ֱֱˮڡ
أ
ҵײˮߵϴˮߵ屻һ޴ĿӣеĹҲ鿪
Ȼˮ߱Ͳʵ壬ûȻʲô˵ĸɺݺݵײǴ󺺡
еĹ䵽ˮߵϣĶѨϧЩѨ˵˿ڣҲӰ첻ж
գˮӿײ󺺣޴ܡ
䣡
ͷͷͽȻʩչ͵غˮϣԪˮУˮڳļյɢĽˮߵƻ

ˮһλΪϸ꣬䵽˵ϡ
Ǵ󺺻ʪģһǱ׺ݵصżգСӣҵĵߣҪʬΣ
𣿡ЦЦظոյĻ
صˮӣͻȻ»㼯һϢһξۼһҡž޴ӵˮߣڶα̾Ǵһǰ
ħס֣һҪ˵һ仰
ŭɶĴ󺺣ͻȻͣȻϴɩôˣ
۾ؼ䣬ĵĹҫòסġ
ôܣħУ⼸Сҿȫɱϴɩ㲻ң
˵ͷǵģҲܹһԯɱ
ԯħȻɫصżգǼҵһԯ
Ǻˣղûȥħֻ
ħһıŭģߺžҪɱ򼧳ա
ħվסйҫһ
ħȻΣȴǲΥȻͣ޺޵ؿżգвСӣѰ·ұ֤㲻ܹ뿪ߣһԯӳ˶º鷳Ǿִ᷸ˣ
Ⱥɲţԭǣüͷ
СӣʲôˣƳһ̵ۣʡ
ɲţȺɲȻڶǳӺҵˣҲǣҶվߺߵɲžþƫ֮أôҲˣҼǵɲŲ˵һȥ̽𣿡
ԭɳӺҵСѹôӼƷԪʯΪɲ΢΢˵ͷȻɲźǳӺûʲôϸ𣬾ˮˮյҲΪǣ
ɲŻһ٣ɽȪɲȷֵģֺԯһѰˡ
ϹţҪΪɲȻڶԴԶΪУ񣡡
СӣҺ˲𣿡ħŭˣ㵱Ҳɱ𣿡
ɲšյûɣüͷʣɲţ׹ǵΪ£
֪ʡɲŵ
죬ЦǺ⣬ȻΪôͲ÷ϻˣֱˡ
ĪɲŻ˻֣ؿżգиͽϣҪ˵һ㡭
ͽȻϸһ£ԼɲйʲôҡͷҲǵúɲż档
ͽԺˮƹɽ˳ɽĸɲŻ
շЦЦɭΧϵػصԭɽĸɲŵˣ̫ˣ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
һԯɱɲŵһԯɱɲŵʹһų׹ǵ𣿡ħЦ
룡Ȼɱˣôܰĳ׹ǵ
ԯȻգּˣһԶϼ֣һȺϼĸ֣Զ߳
֣Ժ󣬺ЦɲŵͷҲ죬ɱСҲ
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⵹ҲǣԪڵЩˣһڵĴѰֻҪӵ֣Ц
ħԴɱˡɲŶǴʾһ¡
ЩЩӺСô죿ħǿ滹Щ˼ҵ̲סʵ
ǰ׹ǵ׹ǵ飬ҵ֪ɲźؿħʵ
ˣħһЦЦЩСүͳͳǹ


269 
ɲһֱʱ䣬Ŀľǵ֣֣һɲ޹˼ɣħˡ
ħЦţ̤żաһ˳ħ̤أȵЩ׹Ƿ׷׷֨֨ħ·ԼЩСˣеѪɱԽԽŨҡ
ȻħĿǼգһ۾ֱֱ䵽ϣиûһ˵λá
֮ǰһսˮߵ£ټԯݣյΪֵĿ꣬һˣûбϡ
ˮ̾ڼǰӨ͸ǻӣǳ
ħҪǰʱ򣬼ʼŵ˫ۣȻ΢΢ѿһէֵķ϶⣬ĿأȻ˳
ˮ߻Ȼˣ
̾һε޴һ쿪ѳħȥ
ħЦ֪
䣡䣡
ħһľȭһХ쫷Хغˮߵӽһ
ͣ
ˮɽˮߵӱһ壬Ӵʳˮˮһˮһء
ˮУħЦţһǰ
鲻䣬ĮŲ֣ƽ٣ʳָ΢ȵ𣡡
ݣݣ
һˮߴӵðһѩɫ˷ħȥ
ͬʱպȻ˫
ϵظַֹҲۣħһм
ЩӵðһˮߣͬҲȪˮᣬˮڵصˮӣʼգնԸħһֱ֮ˮħǭ¿ֶβḻı֡
ħֱŤڣЩסˮ߽ʵķѡ
ۿħҪͻ˺һۣ׼ֶԸħ
Ѧѽڰ׹ǵϣЩɲźϼ˼Ȼ֣϶κ֪ȫ֣ܹΪԼȡȥĻᡣ
˽˸񣬾ҪΪսΧ
ڴʱǴ̤ħΰӻȻŻħɻеĶһӳٻ
һˮߣûһӵϣνħס
սյ۾͵˿ָħ̵غȳ
ǣ
һˮߣѸٽħֻڵӴԪӲҲ޷˳
кȻħŭżգȵɣȻ꣡
ЦЦӦ֪׹ǵĹľǳȤʵ궼ǳóˣ˫£ܹǵĲҴѺ󣬾ЩľĹֶпȡ֮ԣţЧ
ˮħеעЩСߵʱ򣬼ͻȻĿģЩľַΪһ˿ߣȥħꡣ
ħ⧲£ϻң֯ҴӼӿԺʵȴּ˲ˣڱЩˮ߲塣
ʥˮ񣬼ںõеļ֮˵ЩԼĺ˺ҪڵԪתȴ׾ٵ飬Ѫת˵죬ҳ˻Բ
һֺȳδ䣬תѾħ壬ҲӰ죬廹ԪܵĪӰ졣
ƴʱ׼ֶԸħȴȻħѾãвɰΪպȲʡ
ʼգնһݲȵģǶ֣ſڣȻͽħʿŪڹ֮䣬һ͵Ȼս˾ӵУǶз
ԯȻɲһת֣ҪץסСӣҪһֽŲˡ
֣ȻһЦСӿɲ׶ԸĽɫѪɽʱ򣬲֪ٳֱŪǧⲻá
ɲһԲڵݣЩȻͫз˳ϵĻӣٳż
ԴħݲȵļգһǴĻӣɫͻȻ΢΢һ䣬һСģǧЩմϣ
֣һŶأ֮Ȼע֮С
жٻħһסļȻһصıмӡ
ħȻŸոս֮ãҲôױϮģֽһָжħжѸݣŭؿ򼧳գյСӣҪԴ
𣿡ǵȻ
δ䣬ͼħѾ嵽ǰ
ȭգħ֮ǰʩչҪɱա
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ħ֣ɲţ֮ĸ֣һ֣ƾշֻͨҪǸס
һͻȻ׼ʩչطˡ
Ҫ˽ҪͷվȻعͷ¶һЦ
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ָ߸뼧ֻԶֻҪһϮͷļգǾԵֵ
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պȻЦˡ
ͻȻתһѪâƳգѪâħһš
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Ҳûע⵽ʱſڼռϵıԴ֮ǣһЦݡ
󳷣ȻûΪɱħ˿ǵĮ糣
ҶһͣɫŹ֮ȴѸٳźȪˮˡ
ħɲڲ֮Ȼ˶ӵϹѸ˲ʺͶ˵Թޡ
أ
ֺ֣ѾļսŰ塣
͵ˣаЦ̧ȪˮɿգЩĹסҫѪһһɳѪâӵ汩ֱ֣ץġ
Ѫâҿͣ۵Խ֣Ĵ͸
֣ɫ΢䣬ûϵոɱħܹôѸݵӦ䣬ڿץ죬ֱǽԼѪâӲ͡
ߣ֣ȻӣԸٶȳصףһصףһͻȻͻ
Ѫâ˳ƺ棬һӲƽ
ɲźԯĲݣɱħҪԯĥɲԹڿлصЩȪˮסĹͻȻǵõĳȻӲǴ͸Ȫˮ谭ֱżȥ
ˣûȥҶˣȫֱնȥɼɲж޼ա
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𣬿Ҫ䵽ϵʱȴͻȻ׹ռ϶ƾʧ
һ̫þ̫þͿʼЩ𣬲ҽɲżϵжϡ
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ףһؿЩûİ׹ޣЩɲؼĹ졣
׹֮ϣɿܰİ׹ޣͼˮˮߵĵһֻǣ֮ǳֶΣɲŵּƫţùЩ档
ûİ׹ޣжҲѸݣֻǲܹУȻյļգԵЩ޲ߡ
䣡䣡Ű׹ȣɲ˻ߵĹ
׹ϵİ׹ǣȻſնʸһط߿գż
ȤЦЦҫѪܲΧˮйͨ
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⼸ʮȫ㼸ɵüͷͬѯʡ
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ո˵ֽŪһʿһ㶾ټ⼸ʮ˵Ļɶʿһ㣬ҪȻЩ˼ҲĲһɵĶ
ɶԥһ£ˣ֣׹ǵȱĵطĶһĵָûôݣǣʵڲٳֲ١
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֪ɵģҪָĻҪϵպԪҪʱſԻָڻָʱҪݷܹţһ׶ˡ
ʱ䣬׹ǵϲ֪ᷢʲô飬ԪڵĳҲڰ׹ǵ˵ĸ֣ʧȥ˱Դ֮ôһ֣ԺжӰ졣
ˣؿһ£Ǿܾ˱Դ֮ջ顣
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ϾԴ֮࣬öҲʧһ磬Բ򲻵ѣ㶯ñԴ֮ԵС
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һбԵѦһ˿ǣ
ҵҪɲʲôģߣڶҵˣ治ʲôˣѦЦ
һǣѦ˾ͽԼȫͷſֻ졢֮ˣһ´ÿһӲһײ㡣
ѦˣһֶԸ˵ֶΣ˳վһ󷨣ֶԸЩΧɱɲŵĸ֡
ʵҪѷɫɲŵˣһ֣ϵңңӦȻٽһ
ΧΣϵĬޱȣɱЩͳͳȻһ㲻·硣
лЩ˵ļգۼ˾ȻչֳԶʵеעеɲźûϼ֣ϡ
ʹ죡ȻЦȭźĲԼԭǿˡ
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ۿżһ˰ȻգԶԸɲźϼ֣·磬Ѧһɸм֮顣
ףûмգڰ׹ǵǲӦգӲܵõôĺôҪѾյõ
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Сɲ˺ѷεֽУǰͻȻʢһѩ׵İ׹ǻ䣬ɭİ׹ǻ䣬ͻȻſһӽѪâû
ǰ׹ǻ·ݣｫѪâԺڴڵľ׽Ѫâһˡ
Ϲţ첻ɱСӣԺҲûлɱˡص֣һ̾Ϣ
֣ٶӵصһɫСӣһһӵص˳ֱżսʹ
֣ûһԶԶǸ֮ϳżճ
ոоõ̺ϵǿֱһɽײ֣ȫˡ
ɲûгɣеİ׹һգͰ͵Ƥ͵һͻȻǳһ߷绯ϸʬҲſշ˼գһɭɭϲɢȻһӽյס
ɭɭϣ֮Уüͷһ壬òӦɭ
Ԫ͵عע֫ٺֲ²ıС

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׺е׾һֱߣȻǽ
һ춯ϴҡڣ쳾ɳЩɳһͷĳż
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һ춾̷ݶղϲҲЩƶĶ̣һչ͵֣ϡ
ſڼռıԴ֮С۾ԣǹһЦݣſһЩ̷·ٻһ㣬һ˿ʣȫ뱾Դ֮СС
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ͫһ͵һ
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Щɲŵˣ֮ĸ֣ҲһĽɫպ֣ҲδܽȫɱԱһ㷴ѦҶ
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Զһ̶Хɫһ䣬Ž׷׷ˣЩӵķ̫ԣƺӴ̾ᣬȥˣҿǱҲѰ·
ʱԪķ˳Դ֮߬Уε
һЩ졢ĻԪǣûԪ֮УΪԪпΪպͱԴ֮õ
һ۵ĲᣬǵԶʱºȴƣôһ˵ϷƣȻҲϮ
ϢɲǶʱ϶һҰǿŵ㣬ٶȽڵָպȵ
ǺúûָĿģоϣǲҪע⵽Դ֮С˶Լɡ
ǲûж룬амյĹģл֮һר־ؾۼָ
հԴ֮ʹ˸񣬱Դ֮⣬ſֽҴܣԪڿеһһա
ȻֵۣԴ֮
пЦ֪վûŹֵļһ
磬Ӻ氡Ȼռ
ǰմ
ЦЦĽѹּôԭźܶ౦
ǺǡռЦ
ؿ˱Դ֮һҲûмʣЦŵ˵ͷָּԪˡ
Զֻͷ׷Χڼǰײе¶ϲɫ
Ȼͷǵͫţڶ̶һͷ˺ܳʱ䣬ʶƢԺ͸鶼ΪͷϣǶ̶һѺϢ
ϲңտǣͷк塣
տհǣǶûʲôⰡ񻹷ǳءԴ֮ȻûкദǳϢУĲһ㡣
ǰǡǵѣǿεѣճ
䣬ȥһĲ
һͷһͷȥ˳ӵɼո¶һǳܵģ
ͷҲһ޴ͷ­չüղҪ˱ˡ
Ȼͷȥ֪һУǰڶ̶ʱͷҲϲôԴ
տհôʣĸ˰Դֹ֮һ䣬ͻȻһǽëܳǳǱЩһģѵѵһǾҪ㣿ϧǽëܵĶ֣ҪȥȻҪ۵ġ
һֻʣͷͻȻޱȣۿҲֹסʪ


270 Ԫ
ûмԼһ棬ȴΪԼͽëܴսͷΪԼԺηۿԼɲš֣ΧΪؼʱ̳֣һΪԼΧ
ŽʣµͷĲոпǧ
ͷƺĽյͬ࣬ȻǳΧţüΣЩԲסЩԼĿɰޡ
һˣר־ػָڵԪҲûдӵϢ춯˲ʻԣһʿͬϣԼӰӡ
Դ֮ſڼյļϣҲЩشͷƺôЩ˼顣
ú
һӵϢлָԲضżտһȻЦȻȻշǣҪĸͻȻ֣һսǻѰ
ѽҪǣɲźϼôߡյ˵ͷЩȻ
֮飬ۼЩЩĪʵ磬ôˣ£
ҡҡͷǿЦЦû£ֻ뵽һЩѣˣо
ܺãһȻЩ˷ܵ׹ǵȷǸĥ˵ĵطضǱͻȻ׹ǵһ£
ѽҲ׹ǵˣȻգȴҲѦɫҲָ糣Ц
׹ǵû죬һ˾ڰ׹ǵõĪĺôڱĵط޲֪˶ٱٶȥڰ׹ǵڴһʱ䣬ͻֽľҲûпܡ
лл㣬硣Դһ֪Ӧøм˭
ȻһЦǺαôûǣҪ뺣Ҳ֪Ҫĥأܹ׹ǵҲǵİ
ˣģǵġҶЦ
ͷΧżת˲ͣײеĴ۾ʼնżղţġ໡ƺʲôҪԼս
ûټǿȥЩɻؿͷϸǵбϢء
ڶ̶һͷ˺ü꣬˽ԶԶһˣȻȻģеֱ֣ҲԼʶ
ǣҪȥһطһǵԣʵ
գŴۣԵЩ˷ˣƺΪܹǵĻе˷ܡ
ðȻͷǰ·ˣҸžˡ
໣
ͷһͺ͵ҡž޴ԴӶϵػͷԼĺ󱳡
磬ءԴͷ˼ˡ
ҲáЦЦһͷӡ
ȻӾҪż뿪
ȵȣһЩֻԼһ˶ѣѦˣǸˡ
أָµϵһУҡֻԵؽͣҵѣһġ
ͷƺ˼ջ˼ȻЩ鲻ԸȴջûΥգշſڵϡ
ɣס§ǵĲͺˡնһ䡣
ԥ˺ܾãһҧС߽ȥ§ֱǷſڵϵûκεķӲŽһӡ
ˣһ飬ýͷϷ֡

ͷȻɿգ͵ظ˵ǰżյһͷ
ۿˬյĸоĺܲԶ޵ϣζѦ⣬µȥԺҿ岮úҫҫˣۿ
ĸоǲԼҶҲһ²ģ
˽ǱʩչԽŪ죬ϧ죬ҲζҪûľϾǷ
˵ȻǵһΰգȴǸоõһΡ
ͷֱżպһˣڰ׹ǵϿշ衣
ϣ׹ǵȻ󣬼ǳһҲûпߣ֪ʱԼһڰ׹ǵ֮صλá
׹ǵϰ׹ǻе׹֣֮⣬Ҳû˱ķϣֲܵ谭ҲɢԶ
׹ǵϣ·һεʼӰŵϵһУκֻҪڰ׹ǵϣͻᱻһӰ죬ܹڱĵطһΪΪ
裬ڰ׹ǵ϶ܹΧ죬ԼѰѵһֱôĿĵѰȥƺҲǰ취
Щͷۣ֪ͨʲôʽҳ
תһ룬İˣԼܹڰ׹ǵҵЩǰ׹ǵĵˣǸҵô˵ԼӦҲһһЩϱԴ֮棬ܹҵҲ̫ˡ
żպǵ̶һͷδֱײͷۼһнʱ򶼻ԵúСģʱܿһЩط
ͷܿĵطǼջǱԴܹ֮һɻɲͬѰϢȻǱܿЩطȻſµ̾ᡣĸҿЩطЩطޣ϶ǺǽëһĿֲˡ
ۣ㿴ǶҮȻʮ˰
ô֩룬ɫ֩ʲôҺ˵
Ѧޣϵš
ĸ˵֩κԵﶼȤϲϸƤСҶбĳһۣĸϹУܹ೤ȳȻֻٵһΪҪĶϲЩĶˡ
ѦͻȻ죬ҲҶ࿴µɫ֩һˡ
һ·ɹָϡŹֵ׷׳֣Щ涼ԱΪ챦ϡڰ׹ǵϱȱȽǣþͿһ
ѦЩͯδʲôƺȤһӼôǰֻܹڹ濴ޣȻֹסеļˡ
ˣҲ棬жǳ׹ǵ졣
ֻмЩ޶ԣڶ̶˺üָûټЩѦгƵޣ˵Ҳϡƽѣ֪еޣѾͷܿˡ
ȻһֱϼɣٶҲһӿһĵĪǿҪط˲ɣ
ȻһߵɽǰĿ꣬Ȼһɽ壬ǳɽʱȻٶȿ࣬ȴʹ˲ٵ
üӦһ£պȻԼӣ·һӱ˲٣Խһɽ嶥ӽָоԽǿҡ
ϵؼӱù죡
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տԿ϶Լڵһÿͻһֱ׹ȥ
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ͷǷԺ󣬾ſǶһżյȼ󣬲̵ڲ׵ĶѨ֮С
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һɫĹ⣬Ȼ͵ðݳںѱһӱһӲˣȻöôƯҲٲôѿˡ
ӲϣȳζɫĹһðҲʡ
Ԫһ
ҶһɫһһǾϲޱȣ磬ЩԪ
ЦЦͷ֪Ǻǡ
ԪԪʯһж̺ԪԪʯԪŨĵطȻȻ̺ԪʯԪʯգѸٻָʿĵԪ֮⣬ͬԪʯá
ȽԪʯԣԪΪԪ޶еԴֻЩأ޲ſԵ޽Ԫ
εԪ̺ԪҲҪȼƷԪʯŨʮٱһЩǿ޵Ԫ̺ԪҪһʿԪܺͻҪࡣ
ԪŨޱ֮⣬ԪҲͬãһЩԵԪ֮ʿԵԪǿ֮ʿ
ԪһصãеԪƳɵҩطƳĵҩһЩƿǻʿͻƣ뵽һ硣
ȻΪԶʱǿޱɱһգ½ѾټԵ޽Ԫǿ޴ڣˣԪҲ˼Ϊϡٵ֮鱦ҲչԪΪԼá
鱦һһöͨͨԪ˵ΪһöԪ鱦ᣬȷѪꡣ
Ԫҩ󣬿ӸСһҲ֮УãԪĸ߰ܶʿΪԪԲһС
һѺںȳ֮һһۻȥɹ׷״ЩԪֳҫļպһۻҡ
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磬ϲ㣬ʲôб֣СĽͶذѦЦ
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ĿһһɨһۣЦЦʮöԪҵɰţзݣˣһһɡ
Ѧһϲռ˵֣ʹãʹá
һ˸Ǽæȥһʾա
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һ£ٵԪԶʱ˵ǣ󲿷ֶ֮Ԫǵ;˵ͨԪǿֱһ̨أ
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Ƕ˵ʲô۾纣䵽еԪ棬öԪӲУϻ˵ҾһʵһټɲţϣǺܹɱ
ãһֻԪһѣϲԵģ
΢΢һЦյͺ֮еһöԪʺ㡣
תͷҶյ޻𣡡
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ͻȻտڣЦһˡ
һֱѣǵһöԼһµԪʱôһ˵һٳˡ
ŲԪͨһԿףκһʿжھͻƣΪ̰ܵ˭⣡
һ룬еԪͻľ磬Ƕôջϣж˿Եֵסջ󣿸οϿң˵ַǳеǸûκξܾɣ
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ѦҶǵûнǿ򼧳յȴѾǵ̬ȡ
ʱط϶ȱĵطȫһЩھԪԼɣȿһ㡣Ц
ˣҲûІˣڼյĻ£׷ԭϥÿ˶һöԪʼźԪеϵ
տգһöԪңҪһſڼռıԴ֮ͻȻָָһöīԪ
ףһСôԪУһöȽ⣬澹ȻûκԪɢĶζһƫƫҪһö㲻ǲܹԪ𣿡
ͻȻһϸһöԪЦˡ
һö綾ԪֻֻǾ綾ޣԪпôһɫҲֻл޶ԪŻñԴ֮Ȥ
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һѧһˡȻһЦؽһöζ˱ǵԪһöԪ˵һöҪԪжٸ٣òš
ҪõŵأԴ֮ӹһöԪԺЦʡ
˭ȽҪඡЦ˵
үϲ㣡Դ֮ЦţһڽһöںɫԪС
ǻӨѩ׵СϣֻһСƬƤһöںīԪУؿںһӲ
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ͷſͱϣգŴۿηԪͷûκȤ·ֻҪЩԪУǾѾˡ
ͷӣипǧһһԴԼǣʲô˽üʵڲ֪λر
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ˣŽɢȥûʲôְɣһڻǾøԼӦܸӦһС
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׹ǵȷǸǳĵطսͷųȥϾͲˣǽһïޱȵĴУ֦֦ҶҶ
ε֦֦ҶҶγԤ谭谭£Ҫͨǳ˵ΣԽǷɢԽ࣬һɢͻ΢Щ谭д͸ͻԽС
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ôһ£ǰʲôı仯飬ٶȴԽԽ죬ȵҪŰ׹ǵжٹ֮¡


271 ͻ
һֱĴȻǰֳ֦Ҷïʢޱȣǵأһȥ·춼סˣ֦ɶѾŨڵƲ㣬һۿ
һôֱҪһɽҪߴ̧ͷï֦ܵҶ·һжסˣһɾµ
֦Ҷһҡҷţһɾ֮Ǵͷų
âҡֱϣһֱ˷ȥκεķӦռ䣬â˲ַʮ
âͼѾվµܹĲâƶ켣
ڼжɴ࣬һֻâһһеس˹Ϊˣſ׹ǵϣصĲһâڵλá

տԺ󣬴ï֦ܵҶ޴˵ʲôŹɾ˼
âһ·ȥ
ͻȻããںƲУâȻһ֮ľ񲨶һɲļΪѸͣһ޴ޱȵУһӽյĻâС
Ǽ䣬պһâ֮ϵʧӰ١
겢ûʹĸоȻܹһâλó겢δش֪һâӦĿǰ
ϴʹ֮ĸоһĪ󹦷ĻâҪǱ鿪ܲ
ȻһһӴûĻâûгʧ֮䡣
һݣҲ˲һôжôǿˣеתһɳ죬ֱһüΪŹֵĴȥ
һ򣬱Դ֮һǰһһôλá
Դ̧֮ͷ˿ֱĲ΢΢۾ŸһɫȻһ䣬Դ֮ԥҲǲȥ
ͷȴԵ÷ǳմʱĻһͷУŶһôη壬һη壬һ˿⡣

ҡ֦ɣһ˵ĹͷǲԵÿ־岻Χһôϵطȥ͵͵ȴѧżպͱԴֱ֮ɡ
ͷͣؿһޱȵľ޴ȻļյİΣȴƺĳӰ죬Ҽ׷ȥ

һҪԼһâҪȻһòʲô죬һ·ɣʩչǲľԽԽԶ
Ӳǹ⣬ȻͷǹϾ䵽ϵʱ̲סоޱȡ
Ҳ֪Ϸ˶õļգæĿһ
ģֹסĲ˼顣
ֻǲ棬߿ҫ֮ǣ߸ǳʱǵͼ汱ǵǳ֮ΪԣιǵļգбȽһ£һòֳıǣʱԶԶǳһģһ
Ψһȴģ߿ҪԶԶС޾ʵڱǣ΢߿ֻĥ̴С湵·ҫŵǳ֮⡣
ǳâңԶ޾ҫ߿С棬·Ϊ߿СṩҪ
֮󣬼սſҲֻܹǳ֮⣬ڱÿһǳ֮⣬ǶӦһǳ
·𣬱߿ǳǵǳ֮ۼһңң޾Ͷҫһò߿С򱶵Сǡ
һհӦȻ߿Ų֪С˶ٱǳ֮ϣȻ̺űΪξЩû˿ʣΪӴ

ɻ󣬰ںشôʱ䣬һֱڸӦǵľȻ׹ǵϿŨŨƲ֮УȻűΪξϾҫһޱȹаĲ
һͻȻԺһԴ󵨵뷨Ȼðͷѵѵ˵ϷŨŨƲ֮УһԶ
ҪǵȫסֻǾۼЩıǵڵıǵۼһΪôȫҫһùޱȵĲˡ
뷨Щ쿪ǼȴԼЩܣʱĻâһòʧûʱȥ֤²⵽Ƿȷ
Ŀ磬ֱֱһòһξ룬պȻһòŨƵ֦Ҷһͷҵͷ
ôһ˼߻ƣ䵽һòִɣе߿֮ϡ
ϸԼһò߸ƺŹ֦ɵŤڻ仯ⷽλ
أ߿ǣһµͼΣ֮䣬ï֦ܵҶ
΢Զһξ룬ϸȻ߿ôһ䣬ȻһԹ
λãΪͫΪǿףһǣڴλá
֮䣬֦ҶïŨ·ϵƤ⣬ָоüһޱĸоһ̲϶Լʶ֪˶೤ʱǻ۵
âҪĿģк˼ͻȻðһ뷨Լ롣
һâʧӰ٣Ȼˣȴһâʧʲôطһâ֮ϵֱͻȻضˣ嵽ԵЩ޲ˡ
ų̽ɣȻЩðգȴһ
һԥһ£¶˾ģʼжŽſӱƮݳ
Ȼ䣬յһɼΪӴ
߿Ȼתһɹɾ޴ޱȵͻȻʹ߿бһǿޱȣֱҪżյֱ׹С
һ̣ʶԼж̫ðʧˣеʩչղϧһдԼ꣬Լ׹ǲ֪֮С
һâǳûָˣԼȻ꽫ȻܴٿԱȫ겻𣬼ʱգǿԻָġ
ȻһԼ걻֮УǽҪʲôֱԤϣ걻֮ԼĻɢû˿ѵĿԣ
Ȩ֮£յһâȫƿ꣬ҪŽԼ뱾֮С
ԸΥպȻǱеȻ𽥱ÿһǲ֮ӴһݣвҲ޴ޱȣԶԶܹļޡ
޼ƿʩ
ǿʩչѿȻйâûľ飬ϸ˿֮֮£ûԱ
һԼѿˣֱӱһòûĸɸɾˣ
ˣҶǽ꼯ǿֵš
տգԴ֮ڸ˹ɫȻһ䣬æȵտգô꣬ꡭ
Դ֮ȻûпĽſȻ̬֮ȻһӾͲ˼ϵı仯
𿿹ǧͷųҪң֣ǧҪţһͷųȥ豾Դ֮ɵ¡
ԱԴ֮ǳ˽⣬ױԴ֮Ѿǳǿ󣬶Һǹ졣ǣԴ֮ȻǺŲȣԶԶţֻҪԴ֮ѧԼһĹ֮ϣͻԼһ꣬ѣҪñԴ֮Ķǻеᡣ
Դ֮ǶȣµտհտգǧҪ°һָһȥأСİ
Դ֮ΪõԪе֪˲ټЩл֪ļ䣬ƵǣһЩ嶯õ
ˣڼյȰ£Դ֮ûðȻǻ˿յĽģûһƳ
һòƺֻר֣֮ǰδʱ򣬱һֱվûһ飬Դ֮ԺԶԶ˿һξ룬治һòӰ졣
ڴʱ
յҲ֧Ųסˣǿ˱֮£յѣһģڳ֮УڶӦǵĴ֮УȻû
Դ֮һյͻȻʧһźңңӦǳ֮ϣ֣ҪԼջǶıѸٳ˻СקŴӣڲǰһξ룬ĬĬع۲Ű׹ǵϵһࡣ
յ꣬ڻûС

ûй⣬ûκɫʣһֲָԺڰһĿռ䣬ռڣտյ翣оκζֲоͿĻҳ
ΨһܹӦģһʧټĻâ
һâĿĵĿռƮƮûзҲûκ֪
Ȼյռֵһ̣һâ·ͻȻҵ˷ѸٵسżյĿռ䣬һâҲκε谭ٶȼ죬һգ۹򣬱˼յϡ
âع壬յ굱Ϊ֮һȱĸоĪʱ򣬻΢΢һ
ѾȫҪʲôվ棬ȫڣٿ۷״̬ЩĻᡣ
ûжֲҲûԵĺڰſֻããĿյʲôо
ʲôطдΪɻȫȻԼʲôطָоЩ֪ոԼôģҪȥȴôҲҲž
Щ֪룬֪ôȥ֪Ŀռȥʲôоֻһ˵ĸоǳơ
ԵĺڰԵİעܵκĴ
ĺõطûκεطĥꡢĺˣôԼɣԼĿռ䣬ĥԼꡭ
һͳͳſԺ󣬼ճռ䣬̫¼һеİʩչͻȻ䣬ղޱȵĿռڣȻűǵڣЩǱڰԳ磬ԸӦ
ռ䣬ֻô뿪Ҳ뿪ĵ·֮󣬿ֻռ䵽ϣռܵ꣬Ǹܵľ֮ĴڣҲùһ˰յĿ
ܹ֮꣬ôרˣԲ࣡
ԽǽſԼ飬һռһнڣԽ̵ܹظӦռ޴ڵǳ֮
һǳռУű߸ǳЩǳ鲼ǳÿһ䣬ȴֺ޾ıоͬ
ǵҪΪ·ռ佫ԱǵȫŨˣǵۼһ𡭡
ȥᣬſԲռ΢ȴޱȵ֮
ˣյҲˣܹԼļܹΪԼȡĻᣬǱԴ֮ҪԼҲҪһʱ䡣
Լ޷ǰΨһܹǺúûţܹҵԼķΪֹ
ȥᣬܹӦռ̺̫֮¼תտʼԼȥռڵǳ֮
յ뷨һ𣬼͵һǼ䣬Լܹռǳ̲صıǵɢĿռڡ
Щ꼧ǳĲɼձϵñǵԼ壬þǳĴѾ౱ǵ
ԭΪЩԶ֮УҲ꣬ȻĿռڣԼˣ·ѾΪһԱǵռӰ죬ȻѸ
վޱȣΪһıǵһĿռȥ⽫ɲɹӰ죡
Ŀܱ絹ˣ쵹˵֮Ȼֻõķ룬ָ̳СС⣬߻ħɢ״ʧ
һ룬ĥҪܳһʱ䣬ȻȴҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ֻҪһˤһֻķѣ군
ıգЩǣһò׾ۼеˣп걬鿪ۼ档
ˣľˣȫʩչϣֹܹǳ֮ʧ
һޱȵĿռһһȫȥֹͻᷢԼùеǳ֮뿪ٶԽԽˡ
Ȼ䣬귺һУЩǳţ𽥱ήҲ
УԲУȥõ˴ˣܿͻɢˡ
ֿ޵壬ѸԺйһ飬գԺиֳ̫¼
У̫¼Ȼֳղ֪ǺãֻǽԼ̫¼֮УУ̫¼Դ߳
ޱȵģһν֮еʶ֪Զȥˣһ̸֪ԼʲôͣĿռڣ̫¼һС
̫¼ڲ֪䣬Ѿռλã
״֪꣬ʱ𣬷·̫¼еĻΪһС֣̫¼е֣̫¼һ塣
벻ͻȻ䣬ҲγһޱȵĿռ䣬۳̫þ꣬ͱԼ޽̫þΧ
ĿռУ׹Լγɵ̫þĿռڣռϵȻ̫¼谭б׶εĿԣ
̫¼ţûκιɣȴ޼Ĺɡ
֪֮ӺʱͻȻͱֹˣǳ֮˿־ʧû֪£겻ٳȥ
̳˺һӣ֮£շ·Ϊ̫¼꣬һɹޱȵں꣬һ̣ռϵһ𣬾ͷ·̫þѿһССĿӡ
֮ʲô֪굴ȴĿռĳϵ
һ˿˿ޱȵ֮˷ۼۼ
Ʒ췭ظı仯
ڳͷǳ֮ȻѾʼռǳ֮û֪ոͷйȥ֮Ѿˡ
֮ؼһкƺû˹ϵ·ĿռһӣռӵеһУ궼С
һͨԶľ磡־磬һԶףҲһӶԴﵽģ
꣬ռһ壬꣬ڽռΪǳ֮
һԼ᲻췽ʽ

Դ֮żյı壬ؿǰҡҷ֦ɵĲμżյĶԼ귽ֻŶԾ޶Ϊܵ˽գһ˿˿ͷų
һ˿˿Ѱĵûһò֮С
Դ֮Ϊ֮⣬Ƕ֮Դ˱¸־ȻҲԽΪµĶͷų
ЩԣԴ֮ҺͿԽ۷֮ĸֶˣŹʿҲͬⲻ˶ҺӰ졣
ͼմӶгԺ󣬱Դ֮õĶΪֶΣһǼչܵϣⷽһǱԴ֮ûбҪûҪͷųľ
Ȼһһ컹쳣Ϊ޷ʩչڵ˲òöľء
˿˿ԱԴ֮ĶͷųɫӰΣȻûһò֮С
ɽҪߴ֦Ҷïʢ˾ÿԽ񷶼סһò˵ï֦Ҷ𽥿ݻ
ɳɳɳɳɳɳ
ͷһ֦Ҷͨ죬ݻƵҶӽ֦䣬Ʈ
Դ֮ǰͷڵĶأҪڵĶأһŲ˺
пЦףȻһػԶɱκεǣΪһòʵ̫Ϊ޴ԵʣҪԼĶؽһò״ݻ٣ܻĵе
һΪʵ̫޴ˣһԭǲȽֻ࣬Ѫ⣬ֲڶŽǿĵֿǱѪ޸͵סصϮ
ˣڶԴһò棬Դ֮϶ܾˣЩûա
ôȥˡ
ףԴ֮ͻȻһطһòǿݻƵ֦ҶͻȻò·һӻĳ»˲
Դ֮ˣ״ηɥʼԼĶǲǳʲô⡣
һ˿΢֮ĵһòͷųȻûпؽͷųȻԴ֮Ĳһ˿΢֮ĵƺڼա
Դ֮ͻȻϲԲȻ΢֮һ˿ȻţǾζżû£١ڻš
ʱ嵭˱Դ֮Լɶľɥ̫ҽſֻСع۲ǰĹҽԼͷŶٶȼҪ׷ʲô
ףԴ֮һμ
űͷļյı壬Ϊֱץżյ壬ԸоڵѪˮһڣһ˿˿֮ľӼڷݳٵسһòϡ
ݻƵ֦ҶΪЩľע룬дУһòƺܶӰԽԽСˣʼ»
Դ֮סˣ̲סΪŬȴûϵͷļյı壬Ȼڹؼʱǲһ֮
տհ⵽ôһ£ı仯ĻܵøҵʾɣҪȻҶ֪Ǻˡżյı壬Դ֮૵ԥ
ϧղûлشҲûиκʾ
Դ֮ԥһüı仯ǶĹʩΪģ϶ǶĹѾƿԼȨż꣬յϵ
ڲʩӶ
׼ôΪԵԼյϢǱ״ĵͷųͻȻ䣬߿Ų֪С˶ٱıǣͻȻֳͼҿʼת
һ˿˿֮Ķ˱ִұڱԴ֮зһǷ仯קڼյѸȥӵı˭Ҫ졣
ıϣһԱǵĹ⻬һҫ
ǹ㼯һϸˮӾ֮Ͻȫ߿Ųϵתŵ΢ı֮ϡ
Դ֮Ĳע֮еĶѸʧټ
΢𽥵ıǿǿԴ֮˿֮ĸӦˡ
йŹ֣Դ֮쳣ټǲͷԼĶżյǲԶһξ룬СĽľš
Ͼǳâ΢֮Уǿ֮겨ͷųЩҵ겨УȻҲżյϢңϢռݵı˿ҲԽԽˡ
Դ֮Կ϶ڲ֮һʲô飬ҪȻһôı仯
Դ֮ƶֻεضǰ
á
һƮƮ֮֮꣬Ʈ˳ӦҪһ˱вŶԣǣһȴޱأΥعһ㣬ȻӲǴ˱Ȼ֮֮ѳˡ
ǵŨǳ֮һâһתţȻ̬ȴԣֻǿһۣ֪ʱǵǳ֮Ѿεزסһꡣ
Ǽյ
Դ֮ĸӦˣɫȻһϲԴ֮żյı壬еտհտտ
һƱǵâ꣬·£еӰ죬̵سűԴ֮Ʈ
꣬ջ˼յ֮Уһ뱾壬յͻȻԣ˿˿⣬һ΢һյ
Ǽ䣬ճһԴâڣ˾Ī
ǣûѹۣάľ硭
Դ֮ľϲľżգȥˤǡ
˿˿Ĺâڼյϲ˺һжһ飬Դ֮Ӧõ˿˿ͺʹӾ֮ϽСһ
Ǳǵ
һò֪ΪΣĲټͷųĳЩҲƽ
ǲ·𣬷·ıͨˡ
СҽסˣҪȻһ壬Ҫ˲ɰڴʱͻȻ˫Ŀͫ߿΢Сǳһţ˳һصơ
տգͻˣԴ֮ޱȡ
ȻһЦյͷѾ۷֮ˣ


272 ֻܽ
۷֮Դ֮һĲ˼飬еôᣬôô죿
ԭ֮ε̣ҪοǣȻſҡǣֻ꾭ҡǵķܹ۷֮
Ȼԭȼоǵδȫһ飬ڴǲԺȴͻȻ˵Ѿ۷ֱ֮ŵ顣
ͷһдеĲĿ߿Ų֪СٱǳעĿһյ۷֮һùǰҲٵæ
ǸޱȵĿռУյõĪôӦһһοҡǵǸĿռУõǳڲ֪Уǳ̥꣬ǣͻơ
Դ֮ؿżգ˳ĿһһòЩΪʲôոȫŲʩʱǲˡ
ͼദôʱ䣬Դ֪֮һЩܣѪľ괺죬Դ֮ҲȻոգԭǼյγޱȵı仯ѹ֣ѹԳõı
տհǺõû˵Դ֮пͼദһʱ䣬·ʲô¶ײˣôӼᶨҪͼ˩һ뷨
Ҫ˶ãҾͿͻƵ֮ˡעĲǹһޱȵЦݣΣӦøмģȻȻıⲢˡ

ֱĲҡҷŴִֵɣƺ˵ʲô
յͷתȻһЦ߰ɣ뿪Ѿͷ֪ڰ׹ǵϵĴ·λˡ
ô֪ģԴ֮ſڼյļϣɻʵϣ긲һܵӰ𣿡
ǵģҵܵ׹ǵӰ졣Цŵ˵ͷܹ֮Ĵ·λΪոǸľ֮Уͨһòڰ׹ǵصĸŲ
ԭˡԴ֮һ˽ģСֹһ䣺Ȼ׶ԸĽɫߣҲǲ֪˶õϹﰡ
պͱԴ֮ЦŽ̸ţ䣬˺һ˲ŷɵïܵ£ͷǻţճԺͷͻȻ໻Χżղϵطתȥ
ƺЩһòһճ֣ô쳶סյ䣬ҪվקһΣյ
һ£زһòĿ־壬ȻʧЦ˳ĶԾΪ׵һͷϣץĲ
ͷżգһ·ֱǾסһǽڷȥ
һͷͼգһͱһ˲֪ʱ𣬾ȻѾȫˣЩͱȥƺʲôʱ뿪
մһ̣ϵĲȫʧˣ˾ϲӵżգѦֹסµ磬ʲôطȥˣ
˵С״ûˡЦЦʵǸоԪеյôˣ
ȻһЦô̵ʱ䣬ôܽԪеȫأҷǲ£ͽһˣոҪҪ뿪Ѱ㣬ֵĴ뿪󣬲Ҳ㷴ὫԼҲʧˡ
磬û°ɣԴЦ磬Ҫʲô飬һҪǣһȥˡ
ԴûʲôۣһѣͻΪ롣
û£ûʲô飬Ǳġտο˼䣬ԥһ£ѰټȥһҺͨһ£ǻǿԼ
УɫȻһ䣬նȻǾһжôǻ㲻ɣ
һ⣬ϧķʽʡ
֪⣬һ̾Ҫ͡
δȼտڣһˣ׷һһ䣬ǳıʾҪͼһȥۼȰ˾ǲ
ΣðɣȻǼ֣ǾһȥɡСģ֪Щǰ׹ǵ׷ɱļһҲһֻǲ֪λðˣҪǹȥˣɱĺЩ
ʲôҶһͷȻôڶشûгԹʲôء
ˣҲنˣ˵ͷǺãһȥҶСһ㣬Уǿȥ취ˡ
һڴӦ
һκͨ˵£ͷֽӶһȥǼһֱһͷ
ոµͨѾȷȥ
;ʱͷͻȻͣײеĴ۾ĵǰƺԥҪҪǸǰС
ôˣ򰡣ûġѯʡ
һͷ޴ͷ­ҡţ׹磬ֱǰ
նһͷעĿһɫȻһֹסķһɱ⣬һͷɫܣķǲҪĵطǲҪܿһͷɫܣԲŻԥ
໡
ͷͬʱߺһ
ദļգ֪һߺȣζſ϶
Ȼǽëܻ򣬾ҪķͷԹ˼һͷëܣҪƿǸȴƺµ󼧳յ飬ԲŻԵ÷ǳԥ
ǰȥҾͲô֣˲ߵ
һͷΪ˻ǽëܵУ֪ļգ⼸жԼûܹ飬ҪԼܹڵһμʱ򣬾Ϳʵ״ֱԴ֮һǽë֣ܳ˵ܹһͷ
ΪԼĵӣܣһͷëɱÿÿ£վھεԭԼ
񣬱ѩ޵ĻǰǸıؾ֮··֪ҪƶԶ֧ҲԸˡ
໡
µͺƺȰ˵Ҫô³ç
ǰǰ壡ҾͲˣɱҲҪҸն
һԭԽëܵʱֻӵԶԶڣյ򶯵ǣȻҲһᶨһģ
Դ֮ؿżգǰͷ켧տΪηԺ󼧳ҲͬΪԴ֮ܲһϣԴ֮Ѿ˼յıԡ
Ȼ䣬Դ֮Ӽֻкͼһ𣬶ԺķչΪҲֻкͼһŲ̫һЩ顭
ͷһֱԥ˺ܾãڴżһֱǰȥ
໣໣
ǰȥʱͷϵķ޴Ƿ·ǽëƣǽëˣǹΪͬ鱨ѩˣ
ҫѾб߬ˣȻɱأɫȴΪƽȥͽëȴսĮûһ˿
ͷϵĺţƺַʽΪԼĳٶԽԽ죬ļĵ΢⡣

ͻȻһ춯صľ޴ǰȻһȻͷȫѹסˣ춯صضɽҡһ㣬֮䡣
ȻغԶȻһ󣬼յ˻ǶĤʹѦһһӲȣֱӴϵ
ǽëܵҲֻ˿ֲԶޣƾһܹѦƲסԼӡ
ûκԥһˣԼ鱦ȡ˽ȫżϣһս׼
ëСɽһߴӣڻǰֳ
ˣˣ
ضɽҡ޹һݺݵײڼյ˵ؿڣӴɽһĽëܷ·ͷŭˣСɽһѸƶܿʹǰ˹
һͷëȫ¶Ժ󣬼һ˲ʶΪʲôܹ׹ǵëܲӴޱȣǲ¶ëƤ⣬ҲһģǼӲޱȣƺκ⡣
ҫΪһ޴ޱȵѪâĽâ磬ݺݵسǽëȥ
ëеעͷϣûע⵽ͷŵСˡ
ˣҫĹâȻֳʱǽë΢΢һ㶣ȻûʲôĶ
һ޴ޱȵѪâ׼ȷޱȵ䵽ëܵǰƤϡ
䣡
Ӳ棬Ѫâݺݵײڽëܵؿڣһ죡
Ҳֻһ졭
ǽë㶵صͷԼؿڣֻë裬ؿһѷ춼ûС
һʱѾ㶵ؽëܵҸѷɹȥȻһᣬêһצӣݺݵڽëܵĺץһѡ

ëŭ޴ֱڿкҵҡţܽһͷѦСıǾ޴ֱ۸һͷһҡһξ룬źòסơ
СģС
ѦҶˣǱץסĲźòסԼӣû׹ȥ
ëܻعͷżյһͷݺݵؿһۣӴһת˹ͷһСۣһͷ
໡
ͬ׹ڵӣͷëܵĲͶͷղλƶ·żëʲôطΪ
ոһ֮£Գ˽ë嵽жôӲļգĮӣȻ䵽˽ëǽëٵĲյȲλˡ
ĲգֻҪǽëٵĵطԶֹЩطëܵ㣬סˣͶЩëٵĵطջѦһ˴С
һһ㶣˹׷׵ͷʾףı棬һʩչԼǽëܱһξ룬ɽȵȹʽ׷׳ǽëܵĲյλúȥ
żյĽëܣӲɱҪűˣˣǽëܵעһǷſֽţϺͽëܱһΰȫľ룬ϵسը
ò˵ֹʽЧһôֱҪĿĿըֻһ򣬾ͽǽëܲĽëȫˣĽëʧԺ˲ŷǽë⼸λãȻ˼ǳϸ˿ڡ
Щ˿ڲɼǣֻ¶һЩ⣬Ȼˣ˻Ĵյ˳Ч
ͻȻʶ˶仰Ȼ٣ֻһǰҪʱ޿̵ŽëܵĹôһҪ˺ëܣһ׵顣
һ˰һĹΪԶǶȵֱָ꣬Žëܵͷһ۾ǽëܲòеľϡ
ëеľڼϣ͸һ˴˻ᣬһԶԶͽë룬ϵس֣ڽëܲԽԽӡǳ
ݣ
һѪâǽëܵĲһţֻҪܹҵᣬҲŹһ˲ϵس֣Ȼѣȴڳ˺Žëܡ
ڼյ£ͷ˿ͣʼպͽëܱһΰȫľ룬ûðȻȥǽëս
ԼзƣΪһṩİ£ҲҪķԪάԼķУԽеľǽëܵϡ
ôһͬĺϵڽëܲ´ˣëܾ춯صŭĴ׷ֳĸ
һë׷һͷһͷ׷ڼյĴߺ¶ӿôʱͷˣȫֺըǽëܣַʽ£һ˼ͷûܵ˺
ëܣǳ˻ӣϵؿըţպͲƣҲ𽥼ӴڿʼѪ
ѹȻԶʱˣȴǱǵȸɱĲˡԴ֮ڼյļϣ˺һ̲סôһп
һͷëܣҪԶʤ˺ͷëһһȭֻҪ䵽ϣ˼ƾű̬Զ࿹һ⣬ëܵһס
ֻҪëһӴˣ˾ͻǱĵĲӬһ㣬ͻǣĲ
ٶȣͷëܶҪһǿϧëǷȱǻۣ֮ô˵Ĺʼմڰ״̬ȫȻΪֻһͷޣ
ԶʱڣЩʿһԵɱԶޣһܹŽһ£Э뷨Ըޣܹҵİ취
񼧳˶Ըëܵķʽƺ˵Щǿֻܹڰ׹ǵԭ򡭡
ޱϾֻޣǻ۳ȺǻûĿռˡЦЦС޶һӻӣˡ
ߣүǺģԴ֮м
һЦϻûжٶˣҪһֱ㣬һֱС㣬ҪȹħҪ֮ɫ䡣
磬ǲаԶԶߺһ
һ㶣еҫͷųһҵĹâÿһξ룬ֽëܵעŵôа
磬㲻ǻҪȥ˵ô᲻ǲУëܵƤʵ̫ˣҪɱܲһġߺ
ͬʱͺ껹ûǳ֣ų˼յĽëͺ䡣
ͽëܶ˸߲ҵļգôһѣɽʶĽԣëܷڰ׹ǵϣֻҪԼţʱ׹ǵЩëܵ鷳
Ȼȴüޣܹҵҵ죬߲ܹڹؼʱϵܻ뼫Ϊľء
ʱ򣬺ͽëܿභȥֻ᲻ϵĴҵϵĿĵأһսҲԽ۷ʱڵӳ
һ뷨ԺѸٹһ飬յȵ˵öԣǲغսȥ뿪º鷳ˡ
磬»Ҫͷ˵ǿû취ָǡʱ򣬻ܹ侲Ŀ⣬аǵͷһͷĳֵ˷֮飬֪Լָǡ
ţ֪ˡոӦһ䣬µȵߣ뿪ºǼһ鷳
ȻĲټͽëܾţһͷµһƹǽëܣżԭҪǰķȥ
໡
ͷһ߲͵ĺ
ͷһ˵ҲյѶţԲĵ˼Ҳ׷׳żյһͷ׷ȥУͷʱʱػͷǽë

ëܲѪ߰ߣž֣һֽһżһ˵ķ׷
һһʲô˼ɵġ
ղѭżеķ򣬲ϵΪµָǰеĵ·Ĳָ£һͷٶԽԽ죬ɵҲԽԽߣֻܹеĽëܸ
һǽëܳ״ʧˡ
µԼ飬ԼƾŴһŲѶϢֱһ׵Ԩȥ
á
һռذĶľ޴Ԩ˵ֳԨޱȵľ޴һȥף֪ͨδ
׹ǵںģãã֮У׵ԨȻǺˮ磬ڿǳҲ֪еʲôڡ
ˣδһָңңָָǾ޴ޱȵԨ
ջ˵ͷˣֹһء
оóԨ棬źܶݷţЩϵϢΪŹ֣͸¶һζ
Сһ㣡ճСһ䣬Ԩ
ˣǽ壡һϤԨд˳ϼ֣ͷ׷Ǳ֣ԨУƺһη
ǺĽأͨԿףǲκ˽룡ΪŤĻԨдƺ̫ϰ߽˻Ź֣ķǳǻס
˼ȻܹȥΪʲôǲܣɲŵļȻޣëȻ
Դɲڼ꣬ħ֮ɲſ̶бıԾͿʼֳǱͷϮŪһ֮ɲſʼЩЪ˹÷ޱȡ
ǸˣѾˡɬŹִֵ˳Ǻصˣ˭ˣ˳ȥҪȻǡҲҪ
ǺǣǹԪڵˣôĵĺǺ˵ô໰ֻϣи㣬ҪΪѣǲǣΪ˺ãҷȰǸÿһ·ǽȥҿԽԴϲһϤǹԪڵĳׯ
һׯɫȻһ䣬Ԫڵĳϣ˰׹ǵԪڵϣȫŰ֮ľ磬κһϣǼΪֵĽɫǵ˰׹ǵҲζ鷳ܴ
ءһ飬˭ֻҪǺأǶһ϶Ĵɱ֮
ˣׯȻһЦԨһŽͻȻһڵĳڲ׵Ԩֳ
ΪԪ֮һׯһĳڹԪ֮УׯҲΪûĵһ
ׯһ֣ռذĶԨ֮У˺ɫĹâͻȻԨбԼԼ䣬ӰŲ崣ײд쳹Ԩ֮ڡ
棡·âϵֳԨһжϳӰ㿣ǣſȴԨ״
ֻ񼧳աԴ֮֮һͨߣܹԨӦĲԨƺҲһĵطڱ谭ӵİ׹ǵϣּһ
ûбҪҪЩΪСżգں֮Уٺǵϵʿǲһȴͬʿ֮еÿһˣźڣ
֪ǲΪԭ򣬺ƺܵľˣں֮ڣܶЩ˱ɱĽ͹֮أ˶Գͨ裬˿ЩӰ졣
峤ںһٻ뿪ˮǵȴǳ£ҪЩںϵʿҪǿǣڶкܴ鷳
¼ջͺ˶֣ϸϸΪսһ¡
ףûбҪҿ϶ͺ˶֡üͷа˼һ£Żش
ȥɡѦһ˴˸ɫԼ˵Ļظһ飬䶣ѦѦҪûбҪ鷳
Ȼкֱ׵Ԩȥ
գɲ˺ѷεļȻԨɲеĶָ֣ǰУɱģ
温ļһˣȫڻ谵״
ֱɲŵһ죬պȻ͵ش͸һ㱡谭һ̣ҫ۵ĹâȻֳ
һޱȳξĺǸʯͷɺŽҶһˮֲ
һ޴ޱȵĺйںˮΡΡţǾ޴ޱȵĺйǰصʯͷЩʯͷɫͬǹʶˣҫۼ·ͯ硣
ǰһʮĶشСķƽˮĥʯأķž޴İʯʯž
񣬾ĸ޴ʯм䣬һмʮڽսֹ
Ԫڵϣ֣ɲһˣǰЩϹһ飬ӹȥˡ
Щ˶һĺˣ˼մ󲿷ֵһȺƤˮɫֱ۴Ƭһ˫ĺɫͫ壬ϵƬǵսϵţһˮݴðǷ·ַʽϢ
ͷϣѦľ͵ش
̧ͷһͻȻͷϣһ޴֣סһУһĺ룬Ȼһȫ棬ǸոսʱӦöǴֽ
ۺһ֣еĺˮ谭סһ˿ˮðԨƺҲܹ谭һֵ⣬мûн֮ǰĿ硣
ʲôˣһƬḲȫֻϸɾĴ󺺣͵̧ͷŭغȵ
ǰǵģǽЩҪǺصļһɵǲ뺣أֻҲ棡Ц
ԯ㾹Ȼ׹ǵˣׯЦЦһˣȻҲ죬ǿЦΪͺ֣ܹ谭𣿡
ΪʲôܣɫȻʵ
ԯԯǺһȻĿżգͻȻǼҵԯԽȥģҲֻ㣬ſԽǺĽأ


273 
󺺴˻һ֣һ˴ľҲĪˡ
ʶΪʲôҿԽǺĽأɫŹ֣ɻؿۼ׵ĺ󺺡
ܣ֮ԽǺĽأ㣬˭Ҳ׼⺣󺺱齩ӲŰ˵
һ䵽˼ԣһֱĻͺ彻Ǻ󺺵һ仰Ȼͷ
ǸҲǺĽأֻǲԸ⿴˽ǺĽأ˶ѡЦЦ̹Ȼ
üͷһ壬Щżյ⣬һ£˵ͷν㣬ǵĽأԽȥģ˶Уһǳ̰壬Ǻ˵⻰ʱĿһתת
ȻһЦҲҴҲֻȷ˴Ǻƽ
΢΢Ӻڼλ
ǳӺҵˣһݹ᾵ĺߣо޲͵һһӲӽһţ֣ˣת
ǵģԯ֮⣬˶ԳӺ򣬶ҵˡָָѦһˣһһ߽ܡ
ɫһ˵ͷ˵á
ϡЩɻתǺߣһֹģ
ֹ˴󺺵Ļƽؿϼ֣Ǻ峣ںףٺͶʿҲϼ֣һǺΪУưոݣ
⺣ֿ˿ɲţм֪ʿһͬظһ顣
ںһںЩԶʿһüͷʱͣ˶ԺĹЩˣҲͣ
ֻҪǶʿû˭Сľ棬Ȼ͵ڶԲݺӣڶʿҪúɺϣԺҲù
ߵвȻ׿гЧһЩСɵʿЦʼԥҪҪͺΪС
ЩСɵʿǲԯɽвΪһɽ߻ʵԶвֲǣǲ¡
ǣȴͬ޴ڣҪڶʿ˺壬϶ҪĲð
ʲô֣һЦĿЩɨһ飬ߵ˵ںвģˣħڶĴأסĿģҲסǺˣ
ɲͬЦҲ˶ˣǲ£ҪȻʰǣ
֣ɲˣЩʿ䣬˵ߺ£ЩԥĶʿȻٿЩ˵ʱɫȻˡ
ׯԪԹԪڵĳϣһŶʿͺ֮Ķ죬ʼԪڵʿûвڣһȻģκ˷С
ԪΪǿʿɣɿʼʹûԹʲô£˭ǹԪڵˡ
ԪڣȷŰʸ
ȻǾĺͺΪУѾ˳׼ˣҲٶ˵ϻˣֻϣǽҪڡҡͷһ̾˿պһˣǼλߡ
ռʮĶķʯϣͶЩʿռһߣμ
Щ˽ΰЩ׶ΣߵͲ룬ǳأƺʱ˵׼Ĺһ΢΢ĴӰ㿡
ȻһЦĲںͬҡһϾ䵽Щһ
˲֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬶ԼѺãЩԳӺҵˣƺҲЩЩڲԹɫóԴûʲô⣬ôһ˵ûʲôԥһӪ
кϣǿԱԼĽأպһˣ䵽м䣬ǺߵһȻĺȵ
һɷǳҵĲȻͷųһҵزںˮзҡֱϣ˲עһֱͷ֮С
ӲӱɫΣȻǾ޴ͬʱһɹŨǱɫ֮ͷų۳һ޴ޱȵĹ˲佫֣ׯһ˸С
һ޴⣬״ģˮӨ͸
仯֮죬쵽֣ׯһ˸ԤϲҪжʱ򣬷ֺˮأͬǧСһεץס
գվںЩߣûһܹӳȥεɫָס
εɫ֣ɲŵˣεɫ֮мˣӲӹâлбЩεɫĹ֮УȻεɫĹԼΪڣʿĹ䵽ɫ棬ҲֻһССİ׵㡣
һ˿ɫЩ׵ӹ׵ʧټ֣һ˿ᡣ
պһˣվںһע֣ׯһɫ֮кҳ֣ʹֶΣȴʼͻɫֵ谭ôҲ岻
濴ţĿ棬ͫϵ˸仯š
ЩȫֶԸɫĹ֣ʩչһ˵ľߵ֣ԪڵϣȻһʵǿһ˵ϵǿǱɫĹҵĻ£΢΢Ťһӡ
ɲź֣˵Ĺ䵽εɫ֮ϣҲܹڹ½ϴһЩİ׵ӡ
֮⣬ЩʣµʿʩչĹֶη·ɫָûһãɫ¹㶼еŬƺֻùκεĳЧ
أЩɥƵԽԽмʵѷģѾͽ޹ŬֻվǶŸּ֡
һȻרעؿɫֵЩˣϣϵͷųͨˮѸٵػͷǸĹ֮С
⺣ߣۼȶţССˮݴۼ׷϶ð֪ǲǺ˵ϰԣʩչĳЩؾʱۼܻ
ںվʮĸ֣ղÿų꣬ۼðУʹܹ²Щ˵ľ硭
½ϵһЩؾһʮ磬Ϊ׵⺣Ű֮Ϊ⣬ǴҲڰ֮ЩˣȽԣʵ΢ѷɫһ졢֮Ϊ
Ҳѹ֮ǰϼ֣ҿڳԣԭЩ˵Ȼ׾ٵĽЩɱ⣬֣ɲǰʿԪϸİǿߡ
ʿѾԽ溣˺ɨˣ
ֻǣб֣Ҳ벻ǺֻʩֶΣȻ֣ȫ棬ôҲ岻
߾۾ؿһۼɫе֣һѲɫֵƺˣϲϵҲļһЩ
ڻعͷƳ˼һۣǱ棬𿴻һ麣ллǶǺء΢΢żպһ
ǺصػߣںеλӦòͣټǶһСһæҲű
йһ飬ȻͣϣЩɻؿʵôܹģڰ׹ǵȻǿģƢ߽꣬ġ
΢΢һЦ˼һۣ֪ΪΣĻ
ЩȵĿżգ˵ͷԯȻ
ȻʧЦǺ˳ںţ׶ٳȻӲǰȥô֪Ǽԯ֮µģ
ԯ£ֻҪЩʿ඼˵ԯһȻƺЩ˵Ȼԥһջû˵
Ҳǿǰ˸ۡ
֪һļԯһԯڶаԵǸʱûڶɱ䣬ղ֪һԯûкͶЩ˷ʲôף˼ȻϵԼǾпܡ
Ȼں˶ԴԼ̬ȻƽͣҲ׼֣ᷭׯǻӰǶɲЩ겻׵ļһ
үү𣿡ûмգͷжһֵЦ⣬ӣƺүүϵá
Ҳ֪ЩΣͷЦڼҵġ
ѦҶһˣһףһŹ֣һЦֲЦģ
ЦŨˣ΢΢˵ͷǰĸԣȻڼﲻ
Ц֪үү鰡
᲻֪һָָ֣Ӵ޺ȻһۼףǱγģ˵Ҫ
Ǻһ棬ֱؿű棬ϣ㲻˵Щۼͺһսʱ򣬱ҧ𣿡
ɫһҺ˵ˣǼǴˡ
ôܼǴǺҡͷһɫһεʱǺܶ˵棬˵ôɱ¶ӳҿģҼǵ
ͼһˣһŹֵؿű档
Щ˼޺޵Ǵһ䣬ȻˣЩ׼ǲΣġ
ǺǸˣЩ±棬Сֹһ䣬Ͳنˡ
ȿȡǴ˵ʲôʣΪʲôأ
ħڶţǳӺҲоԹħвħ˵겻ûʲô취Խ곹ĨȥȥÿʯǸԸķ򵥽龭һ顣
ǣôԯߵһģߵͷѯʡ
ǵмȽϺˬҺǰԯʲô飬ⶼǺͼ֮꣡ѦڣԼ̬ȡ
Ѧôһ˵˿żգҲ׷ױԼͼսͬ˵̬ȡ
澲ţȵĽǺͼ֮侭˵һ֮󣬱Щش˼ռۣһԯҲء
ôģһҲģȻ
ǵġҡҡͷָָ֣һˣƽǺһֻһԯǶǿ֮û취Ӳȥģ
ӲǺһŭϣǲ˵
ݺݵصһۣ˸׼ڵƣŵǵһӲȥģȴΨһһ
˭һͻȻһĸо
һѰǸˣǵڶΣ̾Ǻ嵽ˣЩˣΪʲôҪǺش
վУЦʵո˵ո˵һԽ룿
һԯȻ죬˶ȡ˵ķʽӲ뺣أһԯһ죬ĪĹϵΪʲôЩ˶ԴԼʱû֣
ѵ˵ؿԯȥġǴһãȻС૵
ûѵһɫһԴΪǺһԯնԼκεطǼԯţǼں峩ͨ衭
˻һյһпЦѹЩ˶ԴԼ̬ô֣ûгֹԼ̬ȴĮޱȣһ㶼飬ԭôһڡ
һԯȻԵޱȣȡǿӲķʽӲ˺ĽأȻṩ˱Щ˶ԼԯӦֺˣڶԴʱ̬ȲŻ˵ˡ
ͷձǸ˼Ҳ֪
һ£ֵǰ˵磬Ҳۣµķʽǲһһ㣬ǵǲ̫ģ˵ǺĽأ;Բȥ
żգնԼǿԽȥġ
Цҡҡͷյңÿһÿһ磬Һͬġ
üͷһ˵ԼԸȥǾͺûϵˣǰնԼ˵Ķ˵ˣľȨϣ㲻ȥȻǿġ
ô˵ţٿյʱɫҲһЩٰһ˭ǷԪʯĳˡ
㣬鷳ˡڴʱſڼռıԴ֮ͻȻüͷһ壬Ǳ˵ôһ
ϡ㣿һһʱЩӦؿűԴ֮СһǺҽ𣿡
ǰ㣬˵Ҫùˣ㲻𣿡Դ֮һ˿ûоԼĳƺʲô⡣
ȻǺΪ׵кˣʱһ࣬ŭĵűԴ֮
һæżռüŪۣʾЩ˷ǳƺ
ȻۼףһֱڼΪе࣬ԼͺбǿںףҲǱʶΪԼǱ໹Ҫһȼĸߵ
һֱ˶Ǹ߰ģ˽ǹΪе࣬ȻĳЩ棬ȷʵ࣬Ʃһۼס
㣬㷢ʲôԴ֮һĺģҪٲʹɫ־Ҫ֪֪㣬㣬ôɫѿ㡭
Դ֮һһ㣬еúУͱϵܺõӡ
࣬ҧűԴ֮СһҪٽһϡ㣬һѵ㣡
Դ֮һоЩĪɲ˭ԽвԽ
ˣջڱԴ֮һģһĳ磬ЦŶԱСһʲô⣬˵ĻҪжϴ˵鷳ˣ϶鷳
ô˵ţղü˿ɫ֣ԭôһСĹׯԪԪڵİʿȻʼˡ
ׯԪˣŽģվеͷׯĽɫγԪķâۼһ𣬳һֱ۴ϸࡢ𡢰ɫâ
ɫâϵţâԽԽϢҲԽԽң·ʱᱩȥ
Ҳ˲úͱԴ֮ˡ
ɫȻһ䣬ԭϥһɹǿ֮ԪͷųˮУѸٵسͷɫֳȥ
ͻȻ䣬һȫ۽ס֣һ˵һ޴ɫ֮ϡ
Щĳ£Ө͸ɫ֣ͻȻĿ֮ҫ˼ֱ۾ˡ
ԪׯԹԪڵĳϣרעޱȣ㼯ɫâԽԽȻѹĹֱĴĿɫʡ
㣬ֲ֧סԴ֮ſڼյļϣߺߵȻҵүүǵ
Ƕϣʱ׼֣ûȥһ
ףһ˴һͬǣææԾȥ
ڼյʾ֮£ͷѾ׼ˣչȥһˡ
Դգһ˺ǽë֮󣬱䵭ƺͿʼ˳ˣѾųˡ
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ɫĹ֣ˮɽӰɲԪׯĹâͻɫĹ֣ɫĹִƿ
һֱԼڡ֮ԪЩ˵ı棬ɫƿһǣͻȻһѪڵĹҲǡ첻ϡ
עǱļգĿɫĲ԰ףԪһ˵ĹɫĹָͱˣƺҲͱϣˡ
ˣ˻صڣţѪĳĹ롣
ϣǺ࣬ŭ˼㣬ڱǰηصЦŶ֣һˣŭ֣ɲţЩڶ˺ǺΪУҪۣ
ǻĻḶۣܿˡ֣ЦţɲһһҳǺ󺺳ȥǴȽǺȻɱǱˡ
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Ѿ嵽Ǻǰ֣ɫȻһ䣬Ϸ˺ɲΧǺ󺺣æҵĿʼӦյĹ
һԪռ˲Ԫ飬ˡ
֮⣬ﵽ۷ļգָΪ͸嶼˴ȵĽս֣ղһ㲻η壬죬ÿƾԼ֣Ķס
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Ѫâݺݵغ֣еСϣСҲ֪úƳɣȻޱȣûбѪâĿ顣
֣˳ˮˣаԾûϵֻǼĹ򣬼յȻǿ˼֣еСȻһѪâĳȴʹС֮е֮飬Ҳֽ
СһҪնɱҪȻسɴ֣а¶ģĿȴ˸ǹԪڵȥ
֣ȥ֪һЩҺ͹Ԫ֮飬ϵε׷ɱ飬£һЩɵȨߣͨԼ;Լ֪һЩʵ顣
ˣ֣֪Ԫںԯ֮϶Ǵн٣в²Ͽ϶Źգ˼ŸͨʲôǹԪڵ϶Լɱ֡
ȥţɲŶ֡
һͷϣͺˣ˵ľ粻ɲţ˵˾֣ҲɲŵĶ֣
Ѿһ˵ݣǰڽëܵʱһѾĬˣһɲſȻƵɲܣԵúǱ
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СģһеĴȻɳ㽫ǻγӰں󷽹ڴȣЩСӣ˻
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УǽŪһЩȻǲȥʱ򣬻˳һͷĲһѡ
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ͷһշֺ˺ǣѾȫǹ֮УʱֻʣµҴˡ
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տСһ㣬ϼһڵءԴ֮
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ҪǲһеسȥϼһĶˣһϼһγ˰ΧȦҪùˣϵ뿪ûȥðա
ҪϹϷļգͻȻӿһļµĸокȻæ̧ͷͷŵɫ޴֡
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274 Ҳͻˣ
ѪۣľŹʿٿһ㽫һĹħˣΪ˶ʿеľǡڶһʱѸаžɾۼ˶ȨƵˡ
ѪѪأѪؾѧͬѪصѪһڱڵѪħƿ
ں幬Ϸεɫ֣ǡĴѪ˳Ȼӿ뺣УŨѪζܺˮӰ죬ɢ˿
ں˴ǰĹԪϣڵżͶּղϵԺԪڵȻѪ˴˲ӿһԺ󣬹ԪڵɫȻһ䣬Χյͷ
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֣ɲһЩ֣ϲ̧ͷѪ˻˷׷ǰƺ󹧣ηӭѪ۴ݹ٣
һӰŨŨѪˮл˫󺣣ް߰ףǹ͵Ц⣬һϮۣ߰ƮȻ֣ɲǰվ
֣ɲˣ󣬹ڵбˣæͬˡ
ѪۺЦͷһŵģ׵˫һһɨ䵽ϣȻһЦԯȵļգ
һԸӦȴ춯صѪȻ˷Ϯ
ͻȻ䣬ѾԵκˣе磬ѾһƬѪĺѪˮɺŨЯű·Ҫ˶ѪС
շԼ˹һˣһֻѪĹ磬Уûлݣûֻ޾ɺѪ̱ǵѪζŨ֮֮Ż
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Ѫһܶ꣬Щͷ­ˣȫǺĸ֡
֮еĺˣһЩ޳ͷԵçͼѪһսȻ侲ˣǼ裬һͱѪۻ
ѿʳָϸķ϶Уտ˲Ӳ⣬һεɫĹâǹ֮Уˮˮ֮ԪƺҲǹ׷׻ǺĹ֮С
ЩӿǾ޴Ĺ֮һ⣬ĴɫһԼѵ
ЩһγɣѪӰĺˣѪ۵ܴһֱ赲棬ôһǵѹһᣬͬʱһ
ĿƵź幬ѿķ϶ûлشѪ۵ĻѪ۵Ҳ΢΢һЦɿżգһϿҵ˵գм仰֪
뽲ĮȻ֪ѪעԼУûз֮ǰЩȻҪġ
Ѫغͼңȷ˲ٵĳޡѪעżգһɫǶǼǰˣԭҲͼΪУĺͼҺ
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ҪȰ˵Щĸ֣һƣȻһԹɻȴǱտڲᡣ
ѪȻŴѪسãЩ֮ŵǲ
Ϊʲô侲ؿѪۣ
ҡҡͷѪȻҪѪǰǼҵĳޣʲôϸȻѪؾѧҿûΪѪؾľľħŰ£Թ˲ϾҶһܼ尾ʱҲԸΪС
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˵ҼΪУ֣ʲôһ뷨йһ飬ܾЩ̫Ծעѯʡ
Ѫ΢΢һЦ֣ɲһۣƲϵǣңҺһֻΪҪԸħѣ֮⣬Ҳǵ˽¡
˵֣ɲ׹ǵԼ飿üͷһ壬ܾ鲻ԾѪ۵ıЩиɻǷȻǣŴҷ緶
Ȼոٿһ֣ͽڶຣֳֶֺѪظֵɱݶ֮
ôһĴ㵽ʲô޴ӵ֪ȴܵľûô򵥡
׹ǵʲôʡ
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ħҲǿЦɫصħȷǳԶԸµĻǵĽÿһÿһ̹ħڷű仯ЩʿǲϽԴȪ
˵ԯȱ˹ħڶϰ׼ҰѹħˣƢԴΪϤˡѪЦЦи飬֣ȥȡʯʯ֮ƽ֣ԸĹħĹħôһǽԴϲ
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ŤͷһĹ֮ǰͺһԺпٹһ飬ЦžܾǸ޷ͬ飬ˣһΪȥʯǺĽأҲϣκ˽롣
Ѫһ̸񣬼֪Ѫ۵⣬֮ԷôԼ£ĿĹƻʯͺص죬տԲںʯȴðա
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һСģҵֵĻᣬĵҲҪ˳֣Ѫۡׯһξ֮󣬼΢֪˱Դ֮һ
֪үǿģԴ֮
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ܸģ档Ԫɫ糣䵭
ѪһЦƵһãתˣؿ֣ɲţǻʲô
֣ɲһֱ۲ѪۣעһһУѪ˻ͻȻ˵ôһ仰һ㶣ȻŷӦЦݣǻʲôأ
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ׯͻԪԪڵĳϣһЩʿһ֣ȳ֣ǵ»ֵÿӣЩļһȥ̽̽Щ˵ʵ
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ŵѪۣͻȻǱһˣѪѪͷųһɱײеγһ޴ޱȵĴųбǴųס˶Ӱ쵽ˡ
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һ޴ޱȵѪͻȻѪˮ۳ѪɲҡͷβţȻǺɫ
ضɽҡĺǺĹϴ֣ɲŵĿը¿Ȼĺ幬ҵҡɫ㣬ǹϼɵĵǡ
ʼǺ幬һʧˣЩŹ۵ĺеˮԪҲȻֹͣͣ
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һʽҸǼѪʽģ㿴ΣѪֻһͽ⺣幬зݻ٣ȻѪۺЦ򼧳գɫʵ
üͷ䲻ȵظһۡ
ѪһУȷǳѪʽϧϾԯҲûʥ޵ѪһѧѪʽʩչؼȻǱʵĶȴѪʽȻͬ
ھ춯صУǺ幬Ŀ꣬õģɽ겻޵ѿ֮
Ǻ幬ͱһˣټͷͺһЩҴĸ֣ǹûе֮ǰǱشг˳
ȻȻģվ˺һߡ
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ˡǵˡȻ֣һ˹ºȻĺ幬г˰ˣһԲη塣
صڣǹУǿԽȥˣ֣ЦԵЩʿЭһҪ뺣أֻн뺣أܹõʯʯǴҵı֤
ʯϵŶʿİΣЩǰĶʿһǱѪ۵ʵͷ򶯣Ҫԭ򣬻Ϊ¹ħж˵С
֣ôһɫһԥسɫȥֻеõػŵʯܹȷǹħӰ죬ˣǺͺ֮䣬Žⲻìܡ
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ѪһȻЦݣһһǸȴκ˳֣û֪ҪԸ˭
֣Ľк£ЩԶʿΪ棬ܲɱ˺أҪͨǺصõʯԴάԼİΣ
ʮʿӰ磬ȻѾΪĹ
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һ̣һһֵľ޴֣ͻȻѾΪĹ֮ðʮȥĶʿ׼ʯ뺣أȴͻȻ⵽Ϯ
ֻһ˲䣬ʮʿӶǾ޴ĴǸסˣǵӲܿƵıȥûǾʯʧ
ףһĿעǶ૵⡭ⲻǽŪǸ𣿡
ѦһˣҲݣͷ϶Ǹһ

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ںŰ˺⣬ܣ±Ǵ븹ˡ
պһ¾ۼһͷųһţӦһеĴ㡣
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ȫľ޴֣ƺСһﲻãСһȥ˿˿ѼǴĵԪ֮С
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Դ֮ҲľռЩڴʱҲСûнԼͷų
ΪԴ֮ôСĿ꣬˿עⲻȻѪۺͲԪʱʱڱԴ֮Сȥʱ˼Դܹ֮ƭˣȴƭʵ͵
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Դ֮СһԪĹâһţһʿĿûһûԪ顣
ѪȻűԴֱֱ֮˼룬ȻʧЦ˵Ȥ
Դ֮ûдǴתתȥеķʽܴϮûռЩ𣬵ȴ껹δɢ
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ѪۺЦǴĴŰûгֹȵǴڶӣǷƶԺѪ˫ͫ仯Ϊɺɫ
Ǽ䣬ѪϰǱصıɱ⣬ͻȻ۳һصѪ⣬ֱżպݺݵҧȥ
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Ѫ˫ɺɫʧӰ٣һ̣Ѫ۷·ΪѪĿޣһɷֱ֮춯ء
עǴϵļգɫȻ䣬ʶѪ۶Լɱ⡣
ѪâּֿʱڵԪȴڱԴ֮УԪѸռڴеûйȥܼյ顣
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Ʒһεĺ幬棬һδ󱩶һݵĮӰֳһ޴ķ֣Ȼдܳ˲ǰзһҡĿ֮͵ر
ƷɺɫȻһ䣬ͻȻ죬㾹ȻҲͻˣ


275 㣡
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ٿһͽѪ۹ƸзֶƿؾޱȣȻȼյĻ棬ǸȴоԷֵһ
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ׯͻˣҲˣض˺Լһϵ
ۣ
ׯԪˣͬʱѪɫ԰ޱȣЦ˵ļա


276 Ц
ʤֻһ䣬ֻЦˣŻЦĲá
Ԫ飬ʱ򼧳յЦݣǷǳõġ
ׯԪˣս;˵ʱ¶ʤȯյĲЦݣȻһ̵ׯˣһűһѿѪԽήңɫ԰ֽ
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Ѿش˸ոյз֮ʹ˴ٶԼʩչĹֶΣѾ˵ˣҪͷɲļգһΪͷ۵顣
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տգеˣҽȥЪЪˡԴ֮˼һ£ѹ
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һ˵Ҫɱ֣δͷȻǳЧˡ
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ѵûиоЩϣһڣһȴֲԼġ
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˻һɫһˣ͹ħǲݰ˫ֻһϡ
˵ͷ״һ̾ԸǣԽԽԽãʱȥֻԽԽǿһ죬ħؾۣ϶Ϊһ¼κܹɱˡ


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Ӱ׹ǵϣ޴ޱȵĺ׹ǵ棬ǿҵĲϵر׹ǵҡҡ׹ʱ뺣һ
Ķ˵ҿ񱩣պˣȴûȥܰ׹ǵܷ飬ǰսţ˽Զ׹ǵ׼⺣߳
ǷǳϤأǰ·ղö룬ֻںűǡ
ոͻƵŹ֮ռǲԪҲѾ۷֮ѪĲҲǿĲ
ڻ谵ѱĺسǰУأûʲôĵ飬޴ڵĽʧһһֱûгֹ
ûǳɼʱĸҲ֪˶ãżһƬʯ
ǵǰʱ侭ʱ򣬹һ޴ڵľʯͻȻӺװθߣһз϶ĳǵеľʯȫγɵľжôӴ󡭡
ǰİ޹⣬ʯ鲼ÿһ䣬ʯצħ֣Ⱥš
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ЦЦˣ֪Ӧôʱ򣬾ǴģʱСľһʯء
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ˣܹŴʯ߳ǷǷˡƲƲ죬˫ǰ鲼ڸιʯʯ˳Ŷ꣬źֻܹں֮лܹӺ߳ǻܴ١
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ţҲֻкôʯ˼깥ǹ룬ֱ޵еĴڣǰʿԸʯҲ޼ƿʩ
޵Źܹ֮Ըʯ𣿡
а취Ǻܼѣʯˣ׹ǵϵĽëܣ֪ˣëܻ壬ֻҪ㹻㹻ǿҪƿսëһƤⲢѣʯһʯӲ˼㣬Ҳ˺
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壬ضϺϵֻܹ˺
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ԼȥҴ𰸰ɡĿǰͻȻ߰ɣȴһʯ򡣡
ᣬȴ޿κΣֻܹţһѸٵشһʯ򴩹;ûʯȻҲûбѣ޾գܿԽʯ
ٶȻӿһЩʲô룬ʩչȫܹٶȡ
յǿգԲ̵£߸ϣǹ⡢¹һܰϡ
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Уһģȴڲ֪Զȥǹ޾ε
쳶˳ǣ˵ͷϥʹۣĬĬػֹʱд

յ겻ܿƵɳֱźǿջȥ뿪д½Ժ󣬹ɫʷޱϲɸоԼһУĵķԸȥ룬ȥӦ
أ֣Ǳ֮з·һ˱Ӳǽ곯Ǳȥ
һһտԼڱתţһǳһǳεȥ
֪ΪΣһĸоһһһĳǳϣͷ·ǳΪһ壬ǳƺ꣬˱һӡ
ָоǳ֣εʱ򣬻ĸоԼ·𲢲д½ӦþǱһӣ·ԹԼڱѾá
һ˾ᣬղȥ룬ȥ˼Լ֪죬Լ߸ǳϻζ
ÿ䵽һǳ֮ϣ궼ᷢһı仯ǿʼı仯ԣ·𡭡·Լǳ֮εŦǳһһ
ڱ棬ȻԶٲЩǰĸ֣絽֮ЩˣڱţȴձڵǳϣܽԼľһ
յڱεԲЩ˵ĴڣģЩƺĴڣЩڱʿԱ߾ʱЩһڼޣ·Ͳ֪Ա߾Ͳ֪ˡ
ŽԼͷųһЩЩĬĬļһ¶ǳֵı飬ƺܱĲųԼ̽ǲ֪Ϊʲôʲôֲˡ
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ˡüͷܹһˣԼȨ֪ˣԴлһЩĺôȻЩԼıĲԼĸоˣ־֮вòκεĺôпܻʧһЩĸӦ
ؿżգһ˵γ֮ʿڹؼʱͻȻĳĸоƩ磬Σ֮ǰԸоõĸоܹűԼĸоˣͨ⶯ľĸоǿЩԼֱˣԶɥʧ޷͵֪
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֮ǱҪɱһħԲǺ϶Ϊһˣ
ͨĽ֪ͣħ֮ƺҲԽϣ˵һĴŰΣķĹħ϶ΪһˣɱʱǾҲûʲô˿ɱˡ
Ϊ˱ħ϶ΪһһҪȳһǶĻֻҪһһԽɱˡ
ˣֻҪлᣬǿ϶֣ɱһ󣬶˵Ǹպ̸߷ɣ˺أеķѸٷȥ
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ûжԪ֮е֮⣬ڵԪѪҲʩչ̵ľʹˣҲֻĽŲˡ
׷ĹУշԼһĵһزѸͨǳ󺣵䣬Щ֮ԴȪһȵԪȱ̫࣬ЩѸӿüղõԼὫȫľ
ʥϢ֮ˮ䣬ܹеۼʹãѪԶͨˣ
еʩչ׷죬Լ׷б˴˼ϵԽԽ죬һӴޱȵĻȫתÿһ㲿ʼȥǱܱһδεļ
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մڴڵشŴ۵ļҪˣڵԪǲûпݽߣֻȴٱˡ
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ȻӲǼȻһƣһ룬ȴһ·Ӳͦ˹ûбԶԶ˦
类ǦǱɽѹסˣƣ˼£꾫ҲֻڵԪǳԣûйӦ
Ϣһɣһʱ֮ǽǰ˾أͷƳһۣ
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ˮǳµԺ֮УֳһԪպԥһ˶ĺԪԼĵӴƣûʲôõİ취ֻǱʶԼɣٷɡ
ÿʱ춼һ飬Ŀ˸˸ع۲ֹⷢ
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⣬صĵطħȱĵطҪǿԶ֮ԵУǷǳµһ顣
˾أĹ֮أǱ֮ء
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һʼһööɫף鲼Ը䣬׺֮һ׳ľ룬ֻҪЩһ׶Σ׾ͻᴥ
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⼸öױЩƺĺˣ˾еĹôЩͼΧҲҿˣֻԶԶعţƺڵȺʲô
Ȼ֪ǺʲôҲ֪ڵʧһʧЩһӵϣƴս
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һ̽ͷ̽ԵĹħĶǣǰһСԳϵطءĹ
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Ҳ֪ʯ׸ôãѾһʯץУһʯ֣Ӧʯħ
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ŨŨ״շȼĻ׷ǳȣնЩܲˣǱҪµĻףĻ֮һķ׵ı
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һööɫƾճֳЩŶܵĹħͶƵײɫ棬ҵıըԼԼĻ·
պ֣һø׷ЩħһɫըЩħĬֶǺ飬ֻһ򣬾ͽʮħˡ
ȻǰҪĿģʧټˡ
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ħʩչаշֵİԵӦ£ͻȻʧӰ٣·Щովûгֹһ㡣
ȴȻ֪Ҫһʱ伤Ǳٶ̫࣬ոշҪùɡ


278 ĹѨ
Ͼ죬ħȻȻκβ죬Щɹħ˾ŪаһշֵĹâ£ʧӰ١
ӣħҲ֪ʲôǲá
վڼǰüǰħϢѸԶȥķ򣬵ħѪƷɺ״սӦ˵ˣҪȻչħԣֻҪоܹɱǣǾͿ϶һ
շǳͬ˵ͷţħײгԣǵǡϽԴȪֻҪвӣ͵ĹԴǣ
ϴɹʶ϶ħȻˣŻ㵽˾лָһʱûڶ˷ˣֻ˵ûлָûĿѪƷɺֱˡ
պˣϲԥǰ·˾ȥ
;ЩȻۼһĬĬع۲ˣϧȴҲûһҿˣˣһպǰ壬ǰÿ»谭˵ǰе·
շֵʵ̫ˣڶշֵĿֲ»ҷ𣬾ûǻۣҲܵزգȻɷǡ
ħӰȥԺĶǵһĹħٶȳ˾ûнЩͨħǰĶѾˡ
պˣͷųԼԲ˾ڲŨŨĽǹħϢҲĴ˾ͷų˿ͨ϶ħ˾
ķſɫ糣ȴ첻س˾طȥ
СϵԳ֣ЩϣĻƲɢ̾ᣬļµ˷
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ϵֲ֦ҶֺĲ԰ɫҶţеҶֱӴϣпԡ
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ʲôططҲ֣ϱضֲȴȫһҪӣЩаյڵתһȦĳһһ۵֮ɻʵ
ţ˾һӦþˣͽ˾Ϊλ⣬˾Ծۼ˷һƬ֮أΪ˾ã
˾ۼһ˾ȻγɵĻǱ˿Ūģ
ҡҡͷ˾ڶڵʱ̫ˣ˷һ鵺쿪ʼ˾Ѿڻۼˣ˭Ҳ˵ȻγɻǺ챻˿Ⲽóġ
ħУҰɽһҲأԽصĵطԽڹħĻָͽʱѾ˾ϣĿһµϵֵ˾ҪȻҰɽŨҲ٣Ͽ϶һЩطأħȷѡԵطˡ
˫ֱǰͷſ˾ӣһмصĵطħ϶Ǽصĵط߰ɡ
յͷһ߽һ߳һȥŹʿһ𣬺ܶʱʡȴӦһﵽŹ죬ĸӦȻҪʤһڣҪҪ
سҰУػҺɫУĻˣҰɫĻŹһ׹ҫһˣò顣
һƬ໺䶯ţΪı䶯Щ԰׵ĻǶҲҡҷţƺ˵ʲô
һͽеշּˣշСһţȻû֮УһӾʧټ
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쿴ԽԽűԴ֮жˣԴ֮⻰˵ˣûκεԥͷȥˣռæϡ
ˮ̶֮еˮǲˮ̶Уʲôˮ̶еˮҲһ˽ϱ룬ֽűԣʧȥĿȨ
ȻЩԼպ˵ûһЧԴ֮ΪڣȻ͸ӲӰˡ
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պ쿴ǱʯףĹħüͷʼԥӦҪô֡
ʯϺͱʯϣŷǳֲػòһֱҪǻٵ˾һеıԴ֮ͻȻĿڣ
ҪѣǼջ죬һ͸оطĲȻҲʯϺͱʯƲɢĿˡ
ħȻڱʯ棬ҲǶû䵽Ǳʯ棬ӣƺҲЩηǱʯϴڵԲֻǶŨ
졢աħӣȴûһ֣ħ֪ЩʲôͼˣڰӦĹѨеһУҪŪ˵
Դ֮С۾ţµµתǳȤضűʯΧʯϲŵķš
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ЩԭʯӺͱʯһֹͣ㼯һȫĹѨ֮С
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㲻˵ֵܹ𣿡ȻЦѯԵıԴ֮
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Ҳٷϻˣѧ΢΢۾ӦħĴڡ
տհȻԪˣһҲⰡԴ֮Դڰ׹ǵˣ˶
ţȥɣǻӦȥġյ˵ͷ
Դ֮ͻȻһ󵭵ĲżڵԪ黺ȥ
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˵ֿ꣬ĺԶֳԷֹħãһһϮ˿ϻӦЧıⱻһ򾡣ȫħ˽޿ڵС


279 ʯеһֻ
ĹѨУħǺ콻սǺͼաԴ֮ɱǳѣԲȡʤ
ȻĹѨ֮УΪΪŨԵʣħʵϹħΪó귽ĹˣȻ𽫼ա졢Դ֮һɵĵͷ
ʯͱʯףٳĹѨеЩ˷۶ȫĹѨвɢĹѨ֮еԽԽŨ
ħˮסĹѨдڵӰ£ĹѨеۼһƿأϵı仯ţγһ磬ĹѨƮ
졢աԴ֮ˣ֪ԱħӰ죬ţɢԹħֹ֣ᱻħһˡ
꣬׻ĹѨ֮лܱߵ¶ϾͻԴֱ֮޼ѰϢ΢֮Ѳ
ðѹһκ˲٣ˣûк͹ħӲĹѨֻ֮ǲϵεܹħ׷ͬʱͷųֻ꼼ĳŹħ֡
âһ̵Ļ꼼ҪĵľúɱһâÿħǾ޴ĻǳΧ֮ڣͷųâԴԸħ
УԴ֮Ҳ˲УȻȻģҲصĳѨк͹ħƴɱԴ֮仯Ժ󣬳һ壬һʧ٣ħӦʱѾ˱λã͵͵ͷųĶԸħ
Դ֮ͷųĶͿһ𣬲ۻ꣬ѲħĹѨȻǿ࣬ҲֱܹԴ֮ͷųĶĹѨεһȦеĶؾͻһ֡
쵣ս󽫣һȵ꣬ͷųǿҵĸ£ĹѨŪ˹һѼͷųٵغħꡣ
±ǹħΪϲҲΪµ֮һĹѨйˣһټϱԴ֮еĶأʹùħ
Ϊ˥ƿĹѨҲʼܵƣסԽԽˡ
ϸӦ˹ħƣ̬
䣬˿˿Ƴޱȵ֮һѼļʸ׷׻˹ħꡣ
յȻҲŹôһ侮ʯĺûᣬ꼼ϵرͷſȫǹħȥ
Դ֮ͻȻ˷͵ӽл߳ſڳŹħɫζĶأЩԽ궼ʴĶأڿɢǹħס
Դ֮ΪڣڶصƿѾ˳뻯ľ磬Щ³Ķأֽŵ죬Ȼɢ˿֮УȴԼʶһֻǳǹħݹȥ
ˣֻҪͼ΢һξ룬Щضܿ˽Ӵ
һʼЩ˼Щɢڿ֮еĶأж֮ܣֻһСͷЩɢ֮еĶأ·𶼳۾һЩػÿˡ
찵ľָ߿˱Դ֣֮ҲΪңôһİߡ
֣ħʼ֧穽ЩˣħȻҪ졢աԴ֮һӦȥҲǧѣһҵȷĶԸķϾ;̫ˡ
ĹѨеΪŨħ֧Ųȥˡ
Դ֮Ե÷ǳ˷ܣСеͷڵĶأԹħ꣬ĶŸʴãħһ˱Դ֮Ķشڣòɢ
ħų겻ȴмֵԪڵ˱Դ֮Ķ֮ͱԴ֮ʴһȫˣӡǱѸĨȥܿͱɱˡ
ħ꣬еıԴ֮ĶأҪʩϵܺͻҪ࣬ȻħֱްĹƵʺƶٶȱ仺⣬û̫Ӱ졣
֮ԻΪħһɷΪǧɣֻҪ˱Դ֮ĶأϷΪٹɣ걻ɢٱǧԴ֮ʩĶأȻȻҲΪ˰ٱǧ
Դ֮ĶزܹɢɹħȴԣȽɢΪɰǧɣȵԴ֮ĶͬɢֽЩɢ¾ۼַͨȻһܱԴ֮صӰ죬ȴԪڵôͱʶȫĨȥˡ
ȻˣħǴӰ죬Ϊÿһķɢؾֳۣܶྫؼʱһһν˷ôһ飬ȻҲùħΪͷʹ
ȵ꣬һԷλƶʲôطʲô¸ǣյġžžֱ죬ŹħţﵽŹҪֵȼĽսȹΪӦ¾깥ʽ
ˣ˵һս洦󣬲һսӮھŹ֮ϣдȵĽ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪЩӵࣿħȻһ仯ΪһģӰԶԶڱԴ֮ǰͻȻ
Դ֮ٺٵЦڽΪʲôֻǲ뿴ǹħ£㲻ֻбһһǳȤ𣿡
ʲôϵֻҪ㹻ǿȫǰ޾ѵ㻹磿ħ
ǵģһ磬ٺ٣˵Ҳᶮڵ壬Ϊƻȫȫһˣɱ¾ñģԴ֮м
ͼˣһһڹħԱߣȴûм϶֣ǾֵĶԻ
ûлôҲڲϵرƻЩɵˣҲƻҵĳֻֽ֣ȼӿˣҵĴڣҲǱعħƱ

ħͱԴ֮ĶԻüպԽԽĬ˷̸۵Ļ⣬ԶԶͨĳ޹ڣǹ֣˹ƻһеĻͼ˺Ǻա
ħȻа飬һЩȷЩԴӵƿص֮󣬾ʹûΪʲôףõԼ˽ΪԼıȡ桭
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ħ֮󣬴ɱǿʿΪĿ꣬ǽԴȪȻʿ꣡
ⷽħĵԴ֮γɣ᲻⣿
ǲǴȻΪ˶Ըĳִʩ
죬ǼգűԴ֮͹ħ̸֮һʱ䶼ûм֣ĳ˼Ϊ£ΪʱΪع㲻䣬˼
һĳ֣ҲΪ˻磡̤ҵĽŲǵĳ֣죬أǵĳͷǶɣع˭Ҳı䲻ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ǹħһӷƵ֮겨ȻͷųЩŨа겨ǳżպ챼ҲָԴ֮
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ȻոͻƵŹ֮죬ܹǽƿЩˡ
ĹѨۼǧһȫͷų֮ǿֱ󣡡üͷۿĹѨ֮еԽԽ࣬Ҳʼ
ǹħģҿҪϧһдɱ˹ħ򣬵յ㹻ҲԸˣԴ֮ͻȻ
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һѪشҫ֮ѪһԴݿ֮ƣٳǳԼĹħ
ͬһʱ䣬ȻһѪѪ֮˲ţɺɫѪĺ챦ʯڿеתͣ
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ЩҶǴԪеģҲ֪ԪȷһЩ޾ϢԴ֮ЦЦֵļյļ򣬵ҲԷƱ޾Ҳ̫ˣϼһŹʿŵ޾Ҳǿˣ
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ʯ׵ĹʬҪʮʿҲֻ·һУЩһĹ֮⣬ʮʿҲ˲ǵϹ壬ҲֻЩ۷ſɿʮʿһս
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Ȼܳ󣬵ǶǷǳõİٺ٣һƬİԴ֮ٺٹЦؿżգտհһʯ壬õĺõĻĳôŲţ
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룬ͻƵ֮Դ֮һ˵


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Դ֮⻰һպȫסˣЩɻؿűԴ֮ЩŪΪʲôдġ
۷ֻ֮֮һ㱡ĤȻһ㱡Ĥȴһһͣһؿʿ಻۷֮Ͱ֮Ȼֻôһ㱡Ĥ߼䲻Ǿ绹ȴ蹵֮
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Ȼɻȴûжôһ䣬żգżյжϣˣҲǱԴ֮Ļ޾ȻȴҲ֪޾ȷűڣܹлһȻò顣
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ڵһļգͻȻһЩӱԴ֮ðţ˳żյıǿףͻȻ뼧յĸС
һһķţԴ֮ŪתգܿأԴ֮ʯţһʣȫת˼ա
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Դ֮һڣɫЦеĿ죬ϼһôǲǺ£Һտգ
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ڶʱ򣬼ճ״֮УȴǶķţЩԴ֮óתţʱ׷״괦ۼˣȻ״꿪ʼ仯ʹ꿪ʼԱķʽת
Щ뼧״֮еţͻȻʼռյľ
ֻһ˲䣬Щķţ㽫յľմ룬Щķţ͵شӼյ֮з˳䶨
Դ֮Щ֣ȻԺ֮иֳֹ֮õİ壬ϸһ㣬Ժ֮ʣ
Ҳһ̣״꣬»ָֻǣЩӡӡǣȴѸٹˣӡԺ֮С
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϶ص˵ͷԴ֮Խħסħ궼пܣרŶԸһؼ֮ǰҲˣǹʬһʬͷųħѲˣ˵ǿƣǵؼȻЧˣ
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ϾһԲϵؽҽٶȻǳ壡
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ؿűԴ֮ᳶ˳ǣжһֺЦ⣬Ȼ䣬Сһʵͦɰ

ղ֪ôһĹͱԴ֮֮ĸңѾˡ
ȫĵƿǷ·֫ӣ߶ȼУڵԪͷųĵػϣͬʱѧӣķſ꣬Լ־ԼԺеһЩӡǣӡ
ϵشͷųɢ絽˷Щ˺δЩӵͻᳯʲôطۡ
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ճƽʲôȥ룬ȫͶ뵽ѧϰĹУͶ룬Լʶ֪죬е
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սԼʶУͻȻ䣬컹ǱԴ֮ų浴겨ˣ֮ǽڣӲȥ
졢Դ֮ɫͬʱһ䣬˲ĵͻȻ䣬ǵ类һεθסˣϢܹͷųǲ֪ԵҲܹͨӦԶϢ
쵰Դ֮һ䣬һ˻СȻȴһǿ
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ҲԵúܹעӣչӼյ񾳽硣
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˾ۼǹħ϶Ҳ˾ҿʱħӦòڶĴŰˣҲҪһʱָüͷôһţ϶ĸҪǲǺڶˡ
˵ͷյѽǼһﱻǸˣһʱ϶ǲĴûˣٿ̫ƽһʱ䣬ǱѪۻҶԸķѪɲ⣬ڶĵҪԸħǼһҲܡ
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ģԪڣֻвһŹʿɫء
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пʼмԴ֮мԴ֮ΪṩôõһᣬаΪԼΪԯȣΪߵЩˣҪϧһд۵ԼͻƵ֮ȻֱžŹ
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Ȼ֪˵˭ô飬Ҳ⹫֮ĹϵͲı
߰ɣǻȥ̯ӣѪȥͷ۰ɡճХһȻһɳ죬ƿն


281 ֮
ԯȣ´
Ī¡ɽˡɡһãһüƺڵʲô顣
ˡĪ¿˳ĬԣֱӣڵμҺ鱦¼һϢԪڵĸ֣ѴĿԯȡ
Īţ洫Գɱ˹Ԫϣ⵽Ǽ٣üͷ̫ĴԣЩսȻ󣬿Ǵԯ뿪ʱҲֻ֮ΪƾʲôɱԪϣˣɶǰ֮ǿ߰
ϢӦò٣ΣҲ޴֪Ī¿Ц
Ҫɵģ⵹ҲǺ£ܹǹԪɱټ죬ɽλǺξǹԪڣȻ壬
Ԫڵ£¶ǿġǲ治棬ԯҪӦΪѣ񳤿պϹֶڣֲȥɽԮҪǵǹԪڵ˵ǡЩѰ졣Ϊһ֪֮ЩԪڲͬѰһ棬ֹۡ
ɽʲôˣôʿݣѵǲɣȻ
֪˵һ̾ҶĴ̽ǹԪڣɲֻвһŹʿһֻаʿǰҵȻᵣģ¹ԪڵľŹʿ棬ԯȾ鷳ˡ
˻һ統סˣٿҲ֪Źʿζʲô
ϣϹ㵽ԯȣҪȻȵԪڵľŹʿˣ˼̸ᰫһءɽ߷ȻģҪչҲҪѧϹ֣ҪͻƵŹ֮ɣ
ȥ˵ɣϣһʱ䣬ȳţ˵˿Ȱ
ɽδ˵ͻȻ´һ̤߽ɫء
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һЩɵˣһЩɢޣҪ뿪ԯȣ˵Ҫı·ХôԸЩˣȵʱ򣬿ҪĿǲŷǽģһ˵ԯҪ͹ԪΪУ׼·ЩˣǲӦãХһֻ״ɱڡ
𣡡ĪæֹЩεػ˻֣߰ɣ߾ߺˣʱǾ֦ܽһʲôǵֻӼìܡԯܹ֮ۼôˣһǹħвһʼճϿҴˣǧ˿ʵˡ
ˡХȻʣȴ˵ͷ֮ת´
ӣЩ֪Ԫڵġ˿Ц
һɫأ֪һЩ˵뿪һͷһߣһԪڵĸֹ϶и˴ӹ뿪
ԯЩȻۼ˲ٵĸ֣Щкܶ඼ͼҡҡ޹أһԭѪɽϵɣһǶܹħɢޣЩ˺ԯΪϵһȴһԯͬģ˹ؼʱ򣬵СΪ˻ȻһЩ̫
Ҳã֪Щ˺ͬģЩ˴Ϊ˶ܹħ¹ٿԿ϶ԯЩ˻ڹؼʱǲ벻Щ뿪ģȥɣȵħֵһգҵҪô죡ֵ

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ɫȻŶԷ˺ЦͷȴȨ˼ˡ
һ֮Уʵ޵֮ȻϣȴǼҵļֳ֮£潲Ǻ
Ŀ֮£Щ飬ɿһװ򶨣֪λݹԯȣкιɣ
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ǹԪڶĲң¼䵹Ǵķз±ϾֻǴԣôԶһͺǼҳйءˣװǲˣ˻Ҫ΢˼˼һ¾һ¡
ǺǣҲ֪ԲһʵԲԯ֤һ¡ϣϪ̬ȵǷǳãЦе˵ֻգ˵˵ѾˣĿǰҲֻҵ֤ˣϣλǼ
üͷһΪѵǸû
סϪ녻ɫ䣬飬ԵĻǴԯȵһȣǺǣҲһЩϢ֪ռǰѾ뿪壬·̣Ӧþˡ
ЩΪѣɿ˺Īˡ
Ī˵ͷ
ǺãλǲĻԯΧʱϢһ£Ϊħ飬ǹھۼĲˣ治̫㡣˽׼õ˵ó
Ǻ󲻴ڴʱǴӺͻȻڣüͷԯȵգ֪ǺӦ԰̰ɣԯȣôᶮǺĪɣԯȾȻаϵ
鷳ˣ
Ī¡˵һͬʱ䵽ϡ
ĵλǹԪ࣬аһ˵⣬Ϊ̵ĴڣĦ̲Ų̶ܹⷽЩôģǺͰֻ̣ѹϵʿ֮ǲɳ̣üɻô֮΢΢һЦļ˻ػ
Ȼߴ֮УҵȻԣȴݵ͹һҡһȻ鴫ΪҵˣȻԸԯ£⡭Ӻ䣬ϵķⶶһ£˵ͷûǺţҲãȥֻҪǼСӻ˵ϵ޹أǵͷߣڹھ
֪Բô򵥣һ˵ʲô
ĪµĴ·£Ԫڵһˣԯһ޴Բ̴ԲϰţһЩˮڵһЩˣѾ׼ˡ
ʮ˲аţĪºͼˣһ˸ڸǣԱ㡣
˵Ա㣬ʵǶȥһԲ̴ΧȫľĽƣûľ޵Ŀţ߶Ļᴥƣָʲô
ǺȷðȻҴĻ϶鷳Ϫһ·ţĪ뿪֮Ϫ녻ܣְſúøӦһ޸̾
ǫϲˣҲǰͷð̵ǺЩѲ
ֻкɫݲȣǶһԲһͻȻ۾СһСӻˣһˡ
Ҳܱͬⲻͬ⣬ôͷ֮

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ľͽȻ
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ȻľŬЩеѸʧǺеԪҲЩ֮䲻ٹǳ͵ص׵޷עЩ֮УûЩãǺ֮еĽʮа˾Ų顣
ԯ֮еŨŨ֪ΪΣȻɢ
ԯϷ΢ǺţҲ䵭еԪۼãһǺŷҪϡĿɡ
ԯеˣڵ쳣仯ЩѡԯȵˣȫͻȻĿͷı仯
ŹʿҲֻоŹʿԸıԯڵԪķʽǸӣֻſһüͷϣ׼ڳ֣ҪȻԯôˣ¶סѹ
ԯڣ˶ͽȻ
ԣϪЩԪڵˣǺЦǴӵĿΪ졣
ϪһЩԪڵĸ֣Ȼ֪ԼʦѾг֣ԼŹ֮Ϊԯȵˣԯ֮еȻǿᣬȴԶԶﲻ͹ԪڶԿĵز
ۼԯ֮нһһʧȥãľһĪչʹеķı䲻ֱ仯
ĪһˣһŵؿľޣϣܹΪԯȰһЩ棬ù̫ѿ
ؼҡʯڵһЩˣ׷״ʱĵط߳Ī¡ɽߣѯЩԪڵˣҪʲôȵ˿Ц˵ԪһŹʿ֮󣬺ؼҡʯڵĺܶ˶Щʧ룬һЩСʼԹ
ǣֻҪԯеˣһ˵һ˹Ԫ˾ŹʿȫңһѾ˴ܵģ

ҪȫɢͻȻŨ
һĻŵԯȵˣɫһɵ̧ͷ죬Ȼ߷׷䵽ľϡ
ۣݵľޣͻȻɿüͷȴһɻ˫ۣҲǹŹֵؿ𽥱ŨһҲ֪ʲôģ
ľ޳ϣ⡭ôһ£Īµ
ҡҡͷľɫãȻҲ֪ûϵͻȻ䣬ЩѾʧȥĽƣ±ĳˡ
Ȼû֪ô¡
ѵǣѵϹֻˣ˵Ϲ޵˾Ź֮ǳǴӣпܽǺҷ
ǺԪضףȴסУǺˣѽЩƵľ޿ˣǳԵԽͣͺñȽ췿ݣƻף˶ԡǽ죬ȴ˶ܹġ
ôһ˵ȫͷʾˡ
ѵǳջˣǺڳģҲֻſԽǺ²ҷͻȻ˷
ǣǺЩƻԾ֮󣬺ǰǰ̫һƺƺЩǰ̴ı仯ľҡͷ
ӣҶٶˣһɻ󣬲һʲô

۾ĺ䣬Ȼ
ͬɻʯǧһأͬʱ䵽ϡ
ʦ壬ô£Ϫʡ
˫Ǿ죬ƺûϪ녵ʻкóһʱ䣬ŵͷŽ£૵ѹԯȵԪҪػҪŨԭˡ
Ԫڵһˣһһɻ󣬶㶵ؿź䣬ϲʵʦ壬ôһ£˵㣡
ʥһһȻԯ޾ˣǴԣ
ʥϪ녴ʧɫôܣ޲Ǵܷ𣿻У޲Ƕڳ˯ΪʲôΪʲôԯȵ飿
ԯѡػߣǸ輧һЩչˣҲȻüͷ૵ûϵԯȵصȻʥݷ
һϹ϶֪ʥԯȣȻûңϹʲô
ʦ֪ʯǧʡ
ߣΪջ𣬵ϹɽתƹΣҪ͹һսԯɽôʥλã
ʯǧٵһһɻ󣬲֪ǵʦʲô
Īɡɫδ䣬ͻȻտڲԡ

ԯȻŹһӣЩһɢȥ
ԯȵˣǹԪڵˣˣΪʲôԯ֮еͽƣôĪʧˡ
ľɫһϲͻȻ˻ˡ
˾һ϶
ľ޵˵ͷڹڵĽƣǰķģ˲ߣ˾ᶮô϶˶֣
˴ϲ
ȻֻһԯȵΧʯڷ֮Уܿأ»ָĹ

ԯģĪһ˵Ľ£һӰʯ֮ðͷ
ͬʱڽĹ⣬һݵӰɫĮԯȣһ˫εضź䣬ս֮
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Īͬʱϲг΢΢һڲ֪֮䣬ʶѾյ˼ҵĹǿ
ЩУбȼģҲм˾ҪȼոȻһ˹ؼʱܻ𼧳գܾüܹݲȵӦٵΣ
֮ˣΪǰļսУܹϵıֳŤתǬʵÿһζܹоյؽΣ⡣
֮ɽͻȻгǲ˼
֮һԯȵ˶ˣһֿĿ⿴żա
ԯ뿪ֻ¹֮ǰֻܹ֮ǣô̵ʱ䣬Ȼͻƣֱӵ˰֮ǺַɿĽ
ҪǾԲš
ʿͰʿȻֻһ֮֮ȴȻ֮ͬʱ򣬾ͿԺͰʿս·磬ͻƵ֮ʵжǿ
а˼ΪԪڵѹΪŵģ

ۣؿ죬˵ͷ
մ߿ⲽһйԪǰ첢վһЩԪڵ˶ӡ
ǺǣϪδЦؿżգǼհɣ
ţкιɣ֪ʡ
ׯλ֮ûйϵϪ녻ЦţżԯĻֻҪ˵޹أߣԯȶයһ̡
ɱġտϪ녣̹Ȼںذ׹ǵϣλȱˣΧ֮ձͷԵȻǵҲûӵ˳ֲףǳˡ
ϪЦЦҵүȻûʧ
תƳ˺һۣںĵͷʾ֮£Ϫ녵ׯҹԪڵˣԯȣΪֻع
ҪɱˣɱǣȻʲôԣüͷɫȥ
쵱Уɱ¾˼ʿɣ֮˷ָ˵ö֮ǹԪее֮£㲻׵ҲˣȻɱˡϪһȻ
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ǫϲȹԪڵˣǺЦһɵģ
ˣ˵棬ô˵ɣúǷϻЩ˷ˡ
ȿȡϪ녿һ׼Ȼ˵һѾõ˵ǡ
ڴʱһֱĬʯǧ٣᳤ŽţͻȻⲽһӽϪ녵סսĿżգһЦ򵥣ҽǣһսˣԵҹԪΪׯλҪǸʤˣ͵ɱĶԣɱĺãλ͵๼ʲô鶼
ȿȿȡϪһסʯǧٵֱۣЦ֮ǰô˵İ
һѽϪƿʯǧһײϵģֵʦ֣һ˵ȥˣղ֮ǰĶˣڿʼ˭ҵ·Ҿ͵ǵˣ
ģϹһУЦһ䣬ֽϪ裬ЦеϹɣôˣ
ʦ壬֮ǰ˵Ϫߣ
ƻ仯ôˡЦ
ȻϪԹؿź䣬з߷Ȼ롣

ԯߵˣˣһɫŹֵؿŶĹԪˣֳ߰ôһԲ߳
Ī¡һ֮ģ
ųµһĹԪڣڵЩˣôһЩҪжֵˣʲô
Ԫ˵磬ȫȻԯ˵ϣǴû߸ϵĹԪڣ߳ĺĸ֣Ȼô˼һƺЩԴ̫
ʯǧǰһеĳʯϻһĺۼ˫ؿżա
û⡣ȻһЦ鲻ɢǶкôȷǸ÷мƳϪһۣǰλһЩȫǷϻ
ţȷǷϻʯǧٲϪųͷͬ⣬̧ͷ˿ԯ⣬ҵ㡣
ɣʯǧٵתǰѾ޴ĳֵسȥһȴΨҶģ
ÿᰡˣ
̫ˣ
һóƨϲ

ԯڣһЩԭѪ˸ĵŮһзŹ⣬ȤؿʯǧٵıӰǺЦСֹ
գСһ㣡ƴյǰһ䡣
Сİڰߺ
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ЦЦݲȵ˵Ц͵˼ʱ˭¡
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ղ׼棬ͻȻ䣬ǰһǴӺ䣬һ꣬ɽϣҾģ
ɫ΢˵ʱ򣬶ЦеģֻڶԴʱɫ̫ÿ
˵ͷã֪Ŀˣ߰ɡ
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һ˸Ŀ֮£ͬƾʧ
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ʧλһۣüͷҲûж˵ʲôӾڽµʯͷ³ֱʯͷûͷҲûټ

ԯȺɽ᾵ʯͷıضǣʯǧ᳤һʯϣɫĬĬصȺš
ǰǰһƽϣյӰðһҫѾ߬С
ʯǧȻɽһϱһɺƴص
ͬʱʯǧϵǿųȻһ޼ʣ·Ҫһû
üͷ΢壬עǰУʯǧٵĿǾ졣
ʯǧڰ֮Ȼ֮ǿȴׯϵܺͣ
ԪӴ󣬻ױȣЩԪˮһڻֲôϵؾۼۼھۼ
ôһɲʱ䣬ʯǧٲ껹ڵԪһֹԶԶǰĹơ
⻹ûս
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ѪʽǼԯеǿؼÿһļԯѪʽĿ֮£Ӧ֣ܹ̺ڵѪͷų
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һѳϣŨԪȻֳ״ŨȼߵļƷԪʯͿĳԵøӾ޴ʯǧٵҲԽԽǿ
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ҵײȭĽ
ΪģһƬʯַ·һͷԶŰɳʯʯСɽһߴʯͷڽķ֮£ķѣ˷ɳȥ
ʯм׷ɣҲǳһһڻ֮У۾ѾʧȥӦеá
һ޴Ĺڹâ֮гֳ޴Ĺ𣬻δɷ顣
Ϊǿ˵սûһЩ˵۾ЩӦԯȰĵȺˣ˳ķȻڿУԶԶվڱĵطĬĬעŽսʯ֣ϣܹĿһսϸڡ
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Źʿ񣬾Źʿ֮Ľ֣ἤµನκ˶֪ŹʿжôµĻֻͷųĽâ⣬пܽսɱ
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䣡䣡
ʯִĺ·ԶͣƵģɽϪһʿܿԶʯ˽ֵϸڡ
ԶԶվΧԯȡԪڵĸֻ֣ܹƾ˵ƣֱǵĶʩչؼǿȣȴѲ׽ǵһһ
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ǰʯǧٱ㽫Ϫ녻ܣǾ˵ĳɳں֮Ŷôµʵ˿֪
ˣֻҪ֪Сʦ¼ЩԪڵĸ֣ԻʤһŲɣԯҲΪʤʯǧ١
ԯ߾͸ӷˡ
ЩմʧÿÿǾϲʵϵͻͽԷӳΪ
ӶأѾͻƵ죬ټԯݣѪǿᣬЩ˲Ϊ¼仹ʲôˣͬľʤ

ʯС
ɢһƥľ˽âӴޱȵԪЯŻصȻӾ֮Ͻ
ʯǧٵ
ԪڵϪһˣһǺЦ֪ʯǧѾʹսӦúܿˡ
ԯǱߣɽˡһˣɫͽȻ
⣬һǿģôܣСӣСӲŶѵѾ۷֮ɣɽһȻŵغȵ
ҲǾˣʶҡҡͷϣԭСﲻֹСһʯǧٵļһȻǿϣҲֻаܱһ·ˣ
ɽŰ۷֮ΪôԼǿʯǧ٣ɼʯǧٵʵжôǿˡ
Լճĵԯеһˣоʯǧٿֲ֮ҲʼΪյˡ
ڴʱ
ʯǱߣɫĹ⻷Щ⻷֮УеȻ֮Щ⻷֮ţȦ֮һɷǳ
ͻȻ䣬ΧˣҲоյλá
ôһ˲䣬շ·ͻȻʧӰһ㣬˭޷ͨԪĲ򼧳յĴڡ
Ԫ۶ɵӣͻأгֳһʯ֮б
ȻΧһи֣Ϊ֮һһӾÿ˶ĵԪͷų·ɱһǵ
ʯǧǾ춯صһʯкȻȻʯǧһӴȴʯеϢӲֽ⿪
ǿֲ֮ƣͻȻɢֻһ򣬱㵴Ȼ޴ˡ
ΧΧߣһɻ󣬲֪ʯ֮оʲôÿһ˶ҪԼȻ˭ֻҪһһƬΧϹһ㣬ʲôоһ
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һȻ£ȴͻȻҲĿ̺꣬ھ֮еȴĪֽ⣬궼ҲƲԼ֮еָоʯǧٴҲ֪ʲô
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£ս֮УȴżյټоյϢֱһ˼顣
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أд½ϴе̫þ֮Ѿˣ̫֮⣬̫þ֮жѾˡ
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̫þ֮Уд½ϵԲȻ̫ͨþ֮ѿ϶ȴԿд½һУоķ׷š

ͻȻʯǧسֳ֣ҫⱬֱʯǧ
ʯǧȻһæȫעӦԣٽӭ
䣡
ֲʯǧ٣޽еδ۷壬Ӳ˼ȫһȻЩԲӱˡ
۷壬׼ȫʱȴּյӰƾʧһ˿һϢڡ
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ʯǧٱۣȥԪõù켣ѰԪΪϡͽΪŨ
ƾŸоʯǧٳԪΪϡ򣬽о޽ͷ˳
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ʱ˵ֱķǳ顭
ʯǧٳſһȻײѼĿռ֮ϣʮɫĹ㱬һӰȻʰ쵵Ĺ֮
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ʯǧٴˣҲɻ
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ʱ򣬼׻ûдԲ̫¼ȻѾܹӳ֮һЩȱݣ覵ġ
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ӴԪһ𣬺ȻעԪ֮УԪţһһҫں⣬ϵͷų
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һдӹԪڶ˴Ҵԯʦĸ֣ô򵥵뿪ˡ

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Ÿո̤֮ӦûôϤ˵ˣԯžŹǿһ˵Ժ棬ƺֻ˳µ顭
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ôһ˵˶ĬԣȻûǵѣǵˣôһûκεǣѰͻȫȫˣ˭һ顣

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ĺ䣬˫գһŲ޹⣬һţȻؼס
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գǻһɽ첻ÿɷ񣬿ż˵
š˵ͷնĪµ˵ҵɽе飬ܿ
˵ͷһЦȥء


284 Ҵ
պһ𣬼ٷУԯȵɽֻһʱ䡣
ԽǿɽɫԽչܿأͼһɽԴӺʥĸս֮һֱɽɽֻ֮һμˮյʱ򣬹売Ŵɽг֮һʱ䣬һֱɽ֮в
ͼˣɽ֮Ѧӭ˳ȥ󣬵Ц񣺡ϡ
˵ͷɽУ
Ѧ躣δʦԸͳҪֱȥɽ
߰ɡɫһصĮͼˣԽѦ躣ᳵ·ֱɽɽ
ɽ걻ѩ֣ɽ֮Уһ޴ޱȵļ֮УһƽǶһ
һԣ΢΢
ڼ֮п޵Ĺ壣üͷһӰһһ̣ѾӼгվͼԡ
Ҳˡ壺Ц죬ͷҾ֪һαչس֮󣬱ضԴﵽ硣
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޷ٹһЩʱգӦþͻްˡЦЦ򼧳գοգҲ޵֮ˣ
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֣ǿȥ򣬽Ħ𡣡ɫȻһĦҰĲֻҪʥĸһ죬ʼǸ󻼡
ѡҡҡͷİʥĸѾЭ飬ޱߣ֣ǺռϷ硣
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һǲ֪ҰģֻûϵѾü޵ʱ̣⹫ôһ˵ʶƵϾ
⹫㡭ѵ֣һͻȻ
ؿһۣԲ˵ȴܡ
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治֣Ҳò֣򣬴ΪĳǰЩʳŲڱຮ֮ô࣬һǵ˴İղ֪ϿԴ̾
ںѾ޵Ź֮ڣɽΪҵȥʲôأˣҲ԰ˡ
壿죬һʱ䣬һȥһˣǰս
Һһȥɫ΢䣬֣һЩ
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üͷйâڣɫޱȡ
⹫һƻûг׻ָʱ򣬾ܹͰսҪսҲֵǲҲǽ浱赲룡⹫ûлָǰ׼ȥ
գЩӱܣЩȴӱܣάյҵΣҲӱܣҲӱܡ壺Ц
ҡͷǿ֮㲻ܹʱȥͰս
壻һȻЦ⣬ҡͷ˵գͺڣҷŵ֪һգȫȡҡ㣬ǿԳԽңֻҪˮƹʲôԷģҺͰһսʤΣռҰĿ϶ᱻ飬ʱ䣬ͺ˾ͻӵиǿΪȡᣬӡ
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ûбķֻҪڱֻҪͱҪþŹʿ֮⣬ûбķЦЦ˺ˣѾǾͲҪȰˣһսҲñɣǲҪôۡ
Ҫûˣǿ϶ôۣأôܷģһԹգʥĸͺͰһˣɽѰһսܾҪᣬҿմַǱһսƺõģϹ
Ҫиʲô⣬ʥĸ֣ǲҲסʱأٽܣ᳹׳Ϊĵ԰
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쿴Ź壣˼д½ͻƵʮ֮յ޾ȥ޾սЩϵĸˣ˾УֻԼĿ꣬˱ǿǱǿ׷ֻļ£飬ûκιϵ
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ͼˣ͹ȻҲԼɻĵطһһ˵ÿÿܹһѪָ˵֮ؼԸָµĵ·
ŹʿĹ壣ڸ־綼ԼԼľ˵ĵ·֮϶˺ܶЩ򱦹֮·
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ˣһɽֻ֪Ī¡һԯȵĺɽɽ֮гչؿޡ

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ԪΪŨıأۣ֮Ƶɽ崦һʯ֮УǰдšԪĸ֡
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˾ˣûڣһټҲ䣡ʯǧ˫п̬֣ŵţֻҪԴеʩչȻԻ
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УֻһĴ󺺣Ǵ󺺻סûоͷһֱ쵽谵ʪ޼ʴ
ǿħһȻ֮У͸֫͸ùǣǽɽá
һͷŨܵĳһֱϵŸȫŨڵĳסˣʵòĺɫƤ֮̿⣬Ͼ⣬ֱȫ¶СһƤ֮Ť⣬ļ˾춯رը

类ǧһ֮дֲ֮졣
ʯǧһĿռ䣬ϽԱȶԸջҪ͵ȫž޽ǿòĿ󺺡
޽еͷų޾·Գ羡ͷʯöֹκһ֮£᷺һεĸоúӦ಻ϯ
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ʯǧȫۼʩչһһħӭҵıУħʯǧٵһŤ裬ʯǧٵһѹס
ǰ·ھĵħزʯǧ٣ʯǧٵסʼ˺ҧŤʯǧٵ塣

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ʯǧֱʣֲѾѣý˺ۣǶɥʦǰѽء
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һôôǿʯǧɻɫ˵ҵѪʽֻԯʸϰǼǼҵԯΪʲôܹʩչѪʽңѪʽȻȼյĻҪ£Ϲӣ˭ǼҵԯҶֲˡ
˭˵ǼʩչѪʽȻ
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ûʲôܵġɫһ࣬дħԼ߻ħľأ߻ħľ֮УвѪʽ룬ˣħ֮еִһ֮߻ħ;Уʹ÷ʽȻѪʽȻħ֮߶֮£Ǿħ֮ͬǲѷɫͳѪʽҪʤһ
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־ͬǷǳµģƲסԼɱ޹ȥĻ·ҪһӲɡ
ôΣյϹΪʲôҪţʯǧ̲סʡ
һѵõĶ֣Ҫһֽţħ֮ηʹÿԵֵҵ΢΢һЦȻֻҪһ죬ܹ뿪ҵĽ
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ĮȻǶĿӱǹһζЦ

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Ϊһ侫ѪԭҲΪķȽ棬Ѿͨ˽⵽һЩ귽֮֮ϣ˱֮ٶȼΪݣʱԼЩš
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֮УȻַǳĸоķſûж룬ôԼһУ״סЩһ־׵ķꡣ
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أȴһУôԼ֮ϣۼӴ»ϴ֮꣬гµ

֪ķʽۼ֮ϵ»֮ʱѾ˶֮ϵİʿ
һЩİʿͬʱһ쳣Ÿոս֮ʿҪϴ꣬Ҫ˱Щ»ȹԼİ֮ϣܹЩͻƣóŸǿҲ̫
յĳ֣һӴ˺ܶ˵ĲˣԵ¹⾫ȻԼȥŲ֪ķˣǵ
ôһȻЩȻǺ档
ЩˣȻǳ֮ϣڣһЩɫǳΪŨǳ֮Уʱ̺ĳ汦ܹõЩ汦ͿѸٽһ硣
Ϊȫڶģ漣һ֮ϣҲͬصĵطЩطڰ֮ҲһѸޱȡ
ˣдͷİʿȫ¹⾫ۼȥҪЩ»ۼĵطǲǡɾһʺ޵ıء
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ΪԼ»ںϣյϢҲɢ»֮УЩŵˣһܹ͸ǷɢϢоǿȡ
Щ˵ޡ
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Ĵͷİʿżת˼Ȧ֮е̰֮ԽԽأ˴˼СһѸٴĳЭ顣
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λкιɣЩĻаͷļգȻ΢΢һϲλϢأӦöԱ߰ɣ
ǶԱĿຮ֮أͬˡһʿ󷽷سԼݣѯʣѣֻҪ㽫ۼ¹⾫ǣ뿪Բ㣡򡭡
մĻ˷ܵһҪңǲңҾ;ǣ


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ǵʱ򣬾Щʿ鷳һֱԱǱߵʿûʲôøУɽԺӲϲԱǱߵʿʶΪǱߵʿһҵַߡ
Ÿոս״̬ȻЩԱʿЩ˵̬ǲ⣬ôһղһ㲻£Щ˷ܣû취йзأû뵽Ȼˡ
һˣڰ֮ԼΧģÿһ˶Ҫۼ֮ķŪ֡
һ˷ܵ˵󻰣ԱʿЩ˼ֵشͷſʱ׼Ӧ䡣
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ЩԱʿһȻʧɫ룬Լ꣬ȫԻâϮ
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ô˵ţٶȻӿ죬֮Ͽ硣
Ҫǰտ϶ܹ׷ĽŲ׾١
һ߿нţһ̸һЩǰ飬ôļգȻ̫ͬͬƶۣҲرųˣϾЩеҲв٣ͬմѪȻǰһЩԽˡ
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Ȼѯʱȴûʲô˵رܣֱ˵ЩһֱڼչΪ
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һŵĵݵشȻīɫˮʣЩˮ֮УĹ㣬պһЩˮ֮еĹ㣬ŷǳŨ»֮Ǳ֮Ϸֵǳ֮һ
ˮվһԵΪЩȣȷȷǱ̫һ٣Ǳ֮ϣˮ
ǵȻȻȻд½ôḻʣҲһЩȤζĵطģ񱱶ǰҪطЩȤζҲôһ档
εʼ磬Ҳ֪ұû취ӳȥֻܹⷽҵģҼ˸һЩȤζ֮غҾһˡ
ȻʧЦͷԭôģǺǣļ˶İ
ˣᵽǣҾˣ޺ȻЩ˷ܵضԼ˵ı棬һЩطǳȤд½ʱ򣬺ѿı棬Բ֪ʲôҲ²ⲻ
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һǺ͵һ޵֮ȻЦ
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ʲôһЦһУЩ˶˷㲻õǻȺ֮ͷĵغһȥɡ
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ôһ˵յĺϱˣûϣȫ굽ĵطȻмдڣȻϣˣҲûмԥܿҲٶȡ
ʮʵӰӣһʮ׸ߵĹͺͺСɽվţһҺɫСɽɽֻĶشСǶʮʵӰӣɽƺ̸ʲô
һǶվһӰӴʣѾͷҵˣ
ҲһʿʹߵʿһӰģ⽫Լıòȥһ˵ܹģǴﵽ֮ĸ֣һʿд½ҲЩЩľѾΪչˣֻҪԸ⣬ЩȫԼʵòֳ
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һӰòģҲֻеȣƺϵ⣬⽲һ仰֮󣬾͹ǵա
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ı棬ͨһЩط棬иطģһǳĵطһЩд½ԶֲΪȪһЩޱȵʯͷƩʯֻĴС
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Ѹٽһ飬Ц˵ȥǱߵķ׼ЩΧ˲µģûϵȻǸط㡭
ģ⵹һȤĵطյĺϱˣԥһ£ʵҿԲ𣿡
ȻԣŴ𻰣ֻҪİʿһȥģǵĿֻΪ˹ͬԸЩĵħǶ˴˻棬ʲôջ񣬶ԼġȤ𣿡
ðյ˵ͷĵԼѵһˣȻҪúŪһУҪȻҪź
ôʹӦԵЩ⣬Ⲣûж˵ʲôһЦ˵ˣһǵİȫԿ˴ϰǵŶö˭õ˭ģɲҪʲô۰ָ
ǵȻǶǽصģġ˰Ȼһ䣬ɻؿżգܲ𣿡
ԺȻ֪ġҵҲΪһﵣģʲôۣùֻԼûǡЦ
ͷǷǳصġ
ܱһЩ̸ţҲߵĶˣҲ׷׾ۼǸ֮ǰϹˣæ˽ͣ˵ģ˶ԼյȻһҲҪŸ֣ţǵڶʮˣ֣Ǿͳƺ㡮ʮġˣǷߣԽҡһǰ˴˷ֱģǺǣȽϷ㡣
ڣһʮˣЩ˶Ը⽫Լʵݱ¶Ҫȥһˣ˴˼Ҫ໥ƺôһһ򵥲׼ǵķʽֱݾǱģֳƺȻŤ˶ЩҲһͨˡ
أǶ٣տ⣬Цʡ
ʮߡһЦȵģɼǵðҰ
˵ͷûж˵ʲô
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ˣһʿɻ߼壬ϵϢǳƣ˴֮һֱĽ̸ţ֮һξ롣
Ⱥһʱ䣬ʱڣͨ⣬֪һЩĵ
˼壬ľģֻдıһЩɫĵطſԽġΪط⣬ǶħۼֲﻨݺȪʯͷ֮еЩֲʯͷȪ󲿷ֶ̺żΪǿҵ»֮ʿ˵еĶǵøĽ
֮⣬֮о˵һЩ汦֮Уõ˵֮е֮»֮һʿܹõеʵͻͽԵõ󲻵ĺô
֮汦Щ汦ʿǲħв֮֮ͣУܻбС֮̽УҪħв֮⣬ʱ򣬻ҪԸ顭
⽲ⷽʱ΢΢ͣһ£ּɫ䣬ֻ΢΢ͷ֮󣬾ûϸ˵ȥ
ףôĥ£ļҲǵļգЩֻҪһ£վȫˣҪ͡
ͨҪˣˣǲٵˣͳɡͻȻ괫ҵѶģӰһΣѾһȥҸңˣһǴȫͨģǷģǣٿԱ֤ƽµؽġ
һ߽ͣٶһ߻ӿ죬˶Ǹ󣬲ǰС
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ڷߵĴ£һжʮ˻һȥǰȴϵؽһЩҪעСĽá
պ䵽ûǰ淢ߵĻֻŶԼ˵һЩҪעĵطóȻǵһβжⷽŵ֪֮꣬Ľ£ҲòǷߵĻֻҪ˵ˡ
ա˵ǰˣֱ𱻷Ϊʮ塢ʮʮߣͬһط߶߶ģҲ̫ȺֻԼĽҲûȥǰߵĻ
ڼաǰʱʱػᰵ̽һļˣһּաٶȼӿ죬ǵľϽֹͣĽĬڰżպˡ
ߣⲻмؿǰǹˣͷΪһƣԲķʽ򼧳սͣȻһȥģ˶ỳģУҪûջҲˣһջҪСĵķħЩͬ飡
ǰˣӦòǵһβŶӣһط˴˼ӹɣһзʲôʣ˿϶ͬЭȻ˵ջƷʱҲһĿһ¡ڴŶ֮УҪǵãҪСһСŻЩ£
ȻʧЦͷͬĲάֵֻſԸӦزţôһ£ģзִ硣
һЦҾ֪ףЩսʲôӦʶˣȻῴơҸЩֻ֪˿Ҳ֮У˼Ҷͼı죬Ҳ˵սƷֻҪʵǿ˭ռˣ
ţġĵȻǺ͵һԿһռ˵ıˣЩһҪǵͷϣѰ·
ע⵽һУǰ˵С廹мȻĴ˲ϸ۲һ£Ƿ߷װףƺûоСŶӣ֮⣬ʮУÿһ˶ƺǶġ
ʱյȻƵĸӣ֪һ˸࣬ôţհЦĵһҪǵģֻҪ˭ҶԼĻ⣬ٲҪɱһˡ

ע⣡ǰͻȻǿҵѶ
ڷˣϽעУѸټӿ첽ܿؾۼ˷ߵǰ
Ȼı棬һ򣬶ðŻ̵ɽڣд½ϼСɽڣЩɽڻһɢһĻЩ̵Ӱ죬ɵģǱɴסˡ
һССɽڣÿһɽжлðһؿӿݣûһƽĵطҺɫĴأҺɫʯ飬ҺɫƲ㣬һƬҰ
ţûֲһ˱ѹֵ硣
»֮âǱųȥһܹľһòһĶˣĻҺɫƲ㣬ŵĸʴϢͣһжʮߵ꣬ҪķѾסֹ꣬ЩʴϢ֮ˡ
վյ¹֮ҪϵľôһǳӦĵطȻƫƫͨĵ֮ڡ
Ľ£ûκ춯Ȼȴֵķǳ侲ĬĬþ껤סպ⿿һר־ؿǰǷһðŻ̵ɽڷȥ
˵һɽڱͨĵڣǲÿһɽڶͨģҲ֪ǲĵƲϵطű仯һʱڣֻһɽͨãɽڶᱻҺɫʯζס
һʱ䣬ǰһοͨĵɽֱסˣԭȱסɽڿܷʧȥʯ谭ǿͨġ
֮طǳ죬ÿһ׶ΣͨĵɽڶһңЩܹͨĵɽڣҲֻּܹһʱĳͨ裬ʱΣЩɽֻᱻʯϡ
һЩˣڸһЩɽڵĿŹɣЩˣΪжķߣէİʿ֪ĵĴڣû·ûЩߴ죬ҲҲĵž
ٶȥʱȥˣͻȻסӣָһֻˮͰϸɽڣæݳ
һӰӷӵԼŤСѸٳһɽڷݽȥں󷽵һطĶʮ塢ʮʮߣٶȻӿ죬һسһɽ֮Уգʧ
Ͷ̥أźűӦȥȴʮ塢ʮʮ߸Ӳˣ̲סһ
ͿҪɽڵĶʮߺţɽмͻȻͣһ£Ȼһӵ⡣
ʮߣˣɽ֮УһɻߴЩ
ǶɽڵĶʮߣǾźŴһѶҼס
Ѷһ£ʮѸɽڣգ۲ټɽڼŽļ꣬û˽ȥͬܿʧ
ߣ˭˭źɽںһӣҲ˽ȥ
ɽԱߣϵشߴ˿һ㣬ֱЩ˼Ҵҵضɽ֮󣬷߲ŵʮߺţʮĺţһ㡣
ûмȥļգ˳ƺΪʮĺŵʱ򣬾ЩЦۼǰʼ׹ɽڣҲԥҲŽȥ

ɽ֮һǳͨһֱͨصףͨûһ˿ȫӲʯͷ˵̬ıĴС״ԵҲͨӰ죬һһͨȥ
ո󣬶Ƿߡ
ҿһЩǧ֮ͨƢֻôҶ֮ͨгȥһжǲҪҪͨУǾѰˣǶ֪ʯͷ谭ͨһʯͷǰлסˣһᱻһֱֱһʯͷŵƵı仯Ųܹ߾ڼյ꣬ص˽ʹ˼
һжʮˣдƺǵһǶ˾飬Ҫѣһһ죬Լļ׹䡣
񼧳һߣҲ·ˣûй֮ǰͱˣҲҪൣģȫǽԼʩչΨ˵ȻģҲû֮ͨж
ʮĺţܿѽ߸ڼյͻȻһ΢Ѷ
һˣҶܿ찡ûлͷӦ˺һ䡣
Щ˿죬Ϊȫ㣬ȴûоȫٶȣ˵Ӧúɰɣ߾ڼյͨյ꣬һЩ̲֮סʵ
ǺǣҲܷİղ׾
ЦЦ֮ûͼ߶
谵ͨԶûоͷƵģ谵֮ͨУֻܹ꣬ʱΪٶȲ̫죬ջ᲻Сײ֮ϡ
֮յ΢΢һȻһɷǳĸо
ͷ·ĳ֪ĵϵȻһ꾹Ȼá÷ǳá
ʮĺţ㡭עһ㣬ô죬ǡңһǰͻȻһ˿϶ĻѼעһ¡
Ŷմһ䣬ʼעԼٶȣ⡣
ȻյĻȴ͵ǰһײûϣһηǹΪĸо
㣡ͻȻ䣬յشѶ΢΢ʲô
һײң޹أæʾ߷Ȼػͷŷߣ⽫ѶŴ󣬵ʲô
ʯʼסͨˣû취ֻܹǰӿ첽ߺεشѶһίӡ
ߣյص˷һ䣬Լվ棺㡭Сһ㣬ײˣұһξ롣
סյ֤
СӣҿոײĺܿأҾ˳һѣŮ֮ĸоǲǱһζ΢֮Ѷ϶شķߴ˳ֻüԷǳ
ô΢ĻҪӦҪһЩһξ⣬ȻԲ
һЩⷢߵͼһػѶ˵֮ǰģŶ
𣿡ķߵЦЦֳżײȥ
ߵײյ겻أһײ֮ϣǴû޳ȣôһײ֮£ȥһ顣
ʮĺţ㡭쵰㻹ײǲǣûû㣡ŭ
ɼȻоȷǼջǼæԼ޹
һЩһЩ߳ûΪսΧ
淢Ǽɴ⵹Ҳû׷յΣʼµǰߺȣǰĿһ㣬Ѿƨˣһ㣬ٲ㣬ҾͲˣ
϶񼧳ֻײȥʩչγһǿҵǰǰӲ塣
ȻҪǰһ㣬ƶ֮£ǰǱ֮±ײͻǰôһǰҲŵùˣ֮ͨУһʱ糱ǰģĿʼġ
ˣվķߣ֮ͨзҪһŲɣʮߺſɲǺǵģëǰ˶Ҫŵù
ѣ֪֪޾֮УŮ֮ãٺ٣ӣһûԹɣҸ㣬֮ĽڣǱһζģҪúðŶķѶЩˣѶһ㣬򼧳չһЩ˼롣
޾֮У֮侹ȻԽڣԴﵽһܣ֪ⷽʶһƬհףһҲܼԹԵ˵ţеһЩϸϸϸؽһ顣
֮ܽר˵ģԸⲻԸ⣬նЩѶϢԺŮ꽻ڵһЩŵ˽˸͸
֪ΪΣеһЩŵ֮󣬲أʱζħһͷһôҲѹֲס֮ͨУԺ֮ϳЩоȻϸͷ
Ҳ֪Ƿǲǿ뷨ֿʼʼʩͻȻӿٶȣݺݵײڼպϣȵļղòǰײ
һκǰ̫һ
ͨˣվŵģͻȻļգӺݺݵײĺδû壬Уθ͵һײںķ߹Ϊ֮£Сβǰǽĺϡ
ޡ괫߽Ļ
ĸоȪˮһյ꣬ջ泩һˡ

ģʮߺţûꣿΪʲôһֱңڴʱǰ˴ܻؽ
ȻһһһȻͷųһӽ˦ˣǰѣٶ̫ˣֻһ֮
ߣڲ£ǰһ䣬Ȼд˳ȥ˵Ĵ㡣
쵰ˣͻȻŷУ濴żգҧгݵص
ͻȻЩ飬εЦЦָźķߣһ޹ûϵ
ʱȷǳΣмΣҵԭ򡭡֪ʱǷߺͼѾһξ룬ʼ磬ؽ͡
޺޵صżգҧ쵰겻ˣˮҲװһˣ
ԩġտҪͣȴֲ֪˵Щʲôֻܻͷ޺޵صǷߣӱ㺦ˡ
Ҳռˣ𣿡ߵЦЦͻȻǵãǷһ飡
ƨҲŲǷ飡
ڴʱǰͻȻҫ۵ĹͻȻеСģϾͿԴͨгˡ
ҫ۵ǿڻ谵֮ͨУԵ˵Ĵۣ˶ֻ״̬ȻǿҲвʣֻὫٶȼӿ죬ϣϴͨ߳
ӲҪ˭ˣһٶȱһ죬һһ֮ͨз˳ȥ
պˣǷ֮ǰҲͻȻǻ谵֮ͨгҲ֮ͨг֮ͻȻת泯ͨԼһϢעͨ
أǸͨȻʼرգֻǼļǸעһϢͨͳ׵غ£ˡ
תżһЦܣЩһͬĲߣһ̣ܹˣ󲿷˶߹ҲˣֻҪעһ㣬ûе֮ǰҪɢҪνˣҪʲôޣҲԺ㡣
ⷢӦǿͨԹʱͶӰжԳѡ
Ǹǳļһݺݵصһۣһ䣺Ů
Цݣ⣬ֻǳżյķŲ˼ͬѶѹͣΪһŻһģҪǶҲҪ鷳ˡ
û⡣յ˵ͷ갵۲һס˵Ϣ
ӦѾ֮ˣΧʯͷЩʯͷ渲һ㾧ӨŨŨ¹֮Щʯͷҫ۵ĹâΧҫĹڡ
̧ͷһۣԼ·һܷɽ֮УͷͬʯͷЩʯͷǼʮߣΧͬʯڣֻǰǳҲ֪ͨδ
СһˣѾܽˣʯȣɽʯ֮СʯǰģҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ҪСһ㣬ǧĵ·ϣܻŶӣʱҪעˡ͡
ǲǴӱĵطҲԵʯȣɻˣ֮ǰɽڸûзֱȺôбŶӽ
µĲȷбͨԽʯȡҵɽڣֻһı棬ƵɽȺмǼطָҲǡͨͨˣԣпбУǻǰĵ;кӦ
ǷߴʱѾٸڼյѾ˶ǰͱŶˣҪðȻƣûбҪĻòҪͶԷס
˻Ӧһ䣬ĬĬǰУһΣֺ䵽
գ쵰֮ǰǲǹռұˣ˺ǰһξ֮ͻȻعͷʵ
ûտûлͷϽҡͷĶһŵûʲôϵ
ԲţߺߵֲʶΪʲôҪô㣿Ʊ磬ҿ㡭õӣ˵ǲǹģ
־£ǴܳϵģҡͷʾĲҹģҪҳϣҲܺ
ҲܺЦҧ˸ۣǵ˱˻԰ʵ˵ռ˱СıˣǲǡǲǺ㣿
⿪ʼ޺޵ص˺ͻȻתӣ֪ǲѾԼյĻشûȤˡ
ûУҧأɿڡ
ߣյһӰȻӿ죬Ѹٳǰȥƺˡ
ЦĵŮ˵˼ȷѲ£Ҳ֪еЩʲôı󣬿˵ıӰվȻֹס
ԲıòȻ⽫ԼòȥΪʲôҲһأѾͷǵģҪҲ絽Ҫһһ룬治֪ôġô˷ʵòʲôأհ롣
ͻȻдһɹ겨͵شӺ˼֮˫âڣٶȻӿ죬ܿ׷⡣
һǰͻأسһŵأЩ˻ڴʯϵͨһһֻһ⾰ʮӰȫۼһͨر֮һʮõڼһǰȥ·
ոǸķߣڶǰͻȻֹ֣˼ǰС
ֻжʮˣԷŶʮˣҪѷɫһЩӣߵķ߲ͶԷͻͣƺڵȶԷȹȥ
׼أþòˣ⣿ͻȻԷΪվˣһ쳣Ĵ󺺣Ȼ֪ǿȫûˣ߹ʱл̲סһЩѹ
̸֣㣿Ϊ׼صһţǳԣ޺޵ؿǿĴ󺺣ҧгݵô
̸ֹЦмؿ׼أԼЩ˵Ǹ׼һֻᵹùôתͶ߰ɣңұ֤һ֮УԻҪջƷٺ٣һģͱǲˣֻһεĻᣡסһģǾҵˣúÿǿǰɣ
̸ϣȻһ֮һһͻȻüĿ񱩣˭ԸоõżΪֲ
Ҳ΢΢üͷó̸ֵôǿ꼼ĻŶһʮˣڣû˿ǿϣʤ̸ֵļһ
ͻȻԼչֳߵסˣ׼һһЩˣ϶ҡˡ
ȿȡֻҪܽģ˭һǸǹȥˡĶʮţ׼شкͻȻ̸Ǳȥ
һĶʮšʮߺţȻ׼ߣҲû˿ԥ̸ֵǴ󺺣Ҳûж࿴׼һۡ
̸ǱߵʵҪ׼ǿ̸࣬˵һģ׼صɳôһ׼صƱҲҪ꣬һǵȻ˸ǵѡ
ͬ뷨ģвˣһʮһˣ½Ͷ̸ֵŶ֮УЩ˶ûк׼֪һȻ顣
ôһ̸Ǳһӱʮˣ׼ߣֻʣʮˡ
вʵˡ
̸ִЦŵ׼ˣˣҲֻ·һߣٺǼƽϣ
̸ִЩˣﳤȥ̸;УʱʱЦ׼أƺһôԸ׼ء
׼ɫ꼱Ȼǳŭ̸ֱ뿪֮׼زЩ߷ȻЩֵģ
պˣվں棬һһͬ飬ǲԳЦʱôʵв֮£ܹԼֻ뿪һ룬ջǾ⣬⾹Ȼһ˺һ
ģ˶ȻܹռˣҲ˵˶ͿԾԻʤģЩģĻҲ˵ˣֻܹұ֤άҵİȫ׼ؿˣԥһЩڴ֮ǰǻǷһЩһģȺ̸ˡ
˭ȻһΪˣǲӦøǽһ£ЦЦϷʡ
һԺ½̸ں½ʱ򣬾ͺǵˡ׼üͷ͡
½ͻȻʵ㡭㲻д½ģ
ڴ֮ǰΪЩ˶Ǻһд½Щƣд½ԭô˲Ŵڰ֮Ͼ۾ۣмʮʿˣΪӴμҺҵ鱨֪д½ʿҲٸһѾ̫ˣһҲ춼
׼һӾۼ˶ʮʿ̸ִʮʿüվЩԾд½ôʿϾϣҲ׼ػ̸֣д½һֱĴɻ
Ȼ׼ôһ˵ͻȻȻʣʶԼ˼ά̶ˡ
ǰʲôֵ𣿡׼ؿżգ֪д½İʿв٣Ŀкü½ĸأֻд½ϵ˲ſ
ôûк˵飿Цţֵ
Ϊ֪أǳʶϿʼǾͿԼһЩĴ½ϵʿ죡㾹Ȼ֪ʶСֵ
˵ĶԻ׼صҲǾЩһŹֵؿżգĵԭһͷడѹֻԭֱڻûŪưȻ֪η
֪ԼرˣտЦѣʵͽȷ֮ǰȷ֪ΪҶһһطء
׼صûеЦ˼ͷͣҪ֣֮ʱ򣬴ҿܲһƩд½ڱǺ½϶ȵȣǵ˰֮ԺΪ㹻Խ룬Բͬ½ĸֶ̫ϣȻһ½ΪĽԣǶûнϰǸ½ֱͨ깵ͨ
ˣⷽ飬һһ쵰͡׼أ㻹˵˵ĶͷǸͬһط̸ֵɡĻ
׼ͣۼ˼֮⣬˶ûȤЩʶֻñǸضԼʣʼ˵̸ֵ飺ǼһǳǺ½һײб壬ֻҪеĶض᲻ϧһд۵õĵˣ뷽跨ɱΪеˣûк³ԣҪǳСУ깥ʽǳԵһܽ˵ɷ飡
ţȤЦЦһûɱĴ½ء


287 ɱ
̸Ժ½ں½̸־һĺˣرĺ׼ں½ǳңˮݣϣΪȥĵԭû£׼شƣм׼زһı̸ɱ
̸ֶıȽϤҲ֪ʲôʱʲôصԽģټʵˣܹĺֽģôһ׼ȻԿ׼ʵԲ̸֣ټеĸֽ٣һ̸ֽԿ
һԩ·խȻڽ֮ǰȻһģֻҪԱҪսһˡ
׼ضһЩˣۼ̸ǱʵǿȻȻתͶ̸Ǳߣ׼صʵִȼһ㡣
Ϊˣ׼ز˵Ҫȱ̸֣ܿһģͺ̸һˡ
ʮšʮšʮߺŶȥ̸һߣ֮ǰ֮ͨк⽻һʿҲǳʶʱؼ̸һߣͶʮߺЩСͻˣʽû̸ֺ׼صĶԹڣ˻Ҫɱһսˡ
Ȼη̸һˣ̸ֵȻǿҪԲ̸֡
ǿȻйأĻ꼼ȴӿ£ƾĻ꼼֮Բѷɫ̸֣ҪǵһĵزеĻ꼼ȫʩչ̸ֳֻԲ˶ߡ
ˣ׼һ֮һԵɫأȴֻ޶ԣҵ٩˵һûɱĴ½ˡôһĻ
׼Ȼ²ʵҲΪܹɱ̸ֻ֣ЦЦûж˵ʲôЩһ³صļһ͸ӲһˣĵһЩʶ֪ļһȻ֪Ŀ¡
ƵŮʿûӸˣֻں֮Уһֱģ˷ֱšţ򼧳յʱǲмһֹһ䣺ͷ࣬ϣһ鷳ͺˣʲôףǿ
㣬һҪǼһԶһ㣬̸ֶɱǡСһһŮʿڽ
⣬ΧôʿӦøüտ֪˶ûбʾֱֻԲ䡣
һ㶼⣬ЦеĿãʵһ½
Դ֪ʿԸͬĴ½֮󣬼վͶԱĴ½ǳĺ棬̲ס׷ʵ
޹أд½ͷ࣡һôյģͷشߴ׼أһЩ߰ɣʱˡ
ţˣӦòôǡ̸֡׼ص˵ͷһߵǰ߰ɣСһ㣬ǿܻһЩ壬̸Щ⣬϶б̸֮ûʯȶ֣һǲûеĿĵ֮ǰνĶһԭ±ŶӸûϮˣ̸˳Ҳٵģ
׼˵Żǰ·Ҷ׼صĵķȥϡ֪ʲô½ãڼǰСĽʲô
Ҫ̸Ǽһ߾ߣûбҪȥܱ˵ǼһʵǳģΪǰһξ룬ͷա
ǼһﲻŹǣҿ˵ĵûңֻ㡢ǰõתƹһȦЦЦͬĵػӦ
ƳǰһۣǹһмӦǽԼıò¶ˣǵ̸ȤȻײУǸɫжǰǽùƾΪһ㣬ŲͶȥ̸һߡ̸־֣ҲȶԸ֪ߵغѾͷ϶ǵ鷳
ˣһĵһ֪ϻбĴ½ǵȻǵܲܵд½պʡ
ԭϿԣһ˵бĴ½Ǵ½Ҫ֪뿪ľԽԶʱԽͻԽһ㣬ЩбİʿᴦھԵơ룬һĴ½ʿǴ½ͻڶľ֮ѾƣˣǴ½һЩĻİʿǵ³֪ˣ뿪屾Ͳָܹһֻܴ·һˡ
һ£ֵ̫ȴ̫ͬǴڼ½ĵشӸ½Ϲʿ·һҲࡣҲζ൱ˣ̫󣬾ǷͻֻҪûϵľ޴ƣԵӿ뿪ҪһûӵʵİʿԲõĻھԵơ
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ôһ˵ղЩ׹֪ڱ֮еİʿЩ뿪꣬žԵơ
Ϊص֮е꣬ڵԪԪγɵĸֹǳ£ʱҪԶԶ꼼ͺñԸׯԪڵĳϵʱǵ뿪֮ԶڵԪѪʩչ׳ֱӽǵɱ
֮Ҳֻ޾һЩֻܹ굽򣬴ͬһ棬ſѺƽȵദ
ô˵аʿֱԱ彵޵еģʡ
ͷһνͣŹʿѽ彵ٵʿˡ˵УҲֻʮʿſԴԱ޾򣬾Źʿ죡
ţҵ֪⹫˵һЩ飬ϵ˵ͷ
޾̫֮Ŀ֮д½ľ֮ϣž޴ޱȵѹ쫷ʯŴӿռ϶֮ɢŷŶĻǣȵ֮գһ˺Ƕʵ˵ȴǻԵĴ
岻ûоشðȻҪͻƴ½ЩȻֺϮ֮ľŹʿǿдд½֮гȥпܱЩȻ屬飬һ
ˣûͻƵʮ֮û޾ԼǧԲҪսȻɣ½Ȼ
Ҷֻε̫뿪ʱ̫ʱò䣬ͻĴȵĴҲܹ̫ܵԶҪһʱȥһˣЩȻĹɣû㹻ҪͼȥսȻɣֻˤͷѪ֪ôģһԼǹ˵ģ
˽Ĺ򣬼ոоõǵԶĵطͻȻðһŶӡ
΢΢һ׼Բ飬ܹʯȵֹͨһȻŶȻҲֹһˡ
ԹʿΧĴ½һ½ϵʿޣڶ½ϵʿܾͷǳˣϴճҲȻ顣
һ壬ӦúһҲȥĵġȥӦһСᣬĵض˵ǸŶԶһЩʮˣҪҪ֪׼һ
һĺܶףΪ˱ֳЦѯ
ãһ㣬ϾʱһġҶһ֪ͷ࣬Ҫ˵壬ܶ˶㣬ԻͰɡ
šյͷЦЦƳһǰãĵõҲ£ϣһҪ̸ֵĶֲźá
ɵǰ׼صԣиˣҪӿٶȣǷһȣ
׼һ㶣ֵؿһۣŽԼſԻûо
ҸоˡӲͷƤ˵˿ۼ΢΢ͷ֮˵һЩ룬ǱٶȵĻӦõĶǣǷٶȣǿԺܿǡ
׼ذŰɵؿ⣬һңô£ǱٶȵĻܻܿ쵽ģ֮Ǻп̸ǡֲ֪ʲô·пܻѣҲпܻǵˡ
ʮˡ׼˵ֲ꣬һ䡣
ʮ˵ĻҾõǿԵȵȣֻҪǽԹˣҺ˵һ̸ֵ飬ӦþͿԴˡ׼ȻЩ˷ܵ˵ʮ˺ߵһҪ̸֣Ҳ̫˵һսĻᡣ
ǶûвôͲˣҿľҲþ͸ǣǺ˵˵İɣ֮ǰԼյǸţֿʼˣúͼһ⣬ҲֵΡ
ѽǴҶûиоĵľҲþ͸߹ǣǴɣҲʼ˵
Щôһ˵׼ҲЩԥˣΪҲûв쳣֪ΪΣ׼ԥʱȴͻȻ˿գҲ֪ʲôĿġ
ɫ糣׼ؿԼ΢΢ͷ
׼üͷһ壬Ҫ͵һɣ̫ʱ䣬һɲ˹ǾͼǰСһģʱŪǡ
׼رϾǷߣôһ˵ȻЩ鲻ԸҲǿͬ
һЩѡˣȻҲǱȽŵù׼صˣ׼һҲʲôëЩҲͷʾͬˡ
ôһ˶ûмŸ·ͣĬĬصȺţſ᲻˹
׼˵ôһ󣬱ֻص˼յԣѹʣ᲻㲻˰ɣ
ղЦЦʾȥ
Ȼֻǹһյļȴüͷ΢΢һ壬ͻȻЩ·ˣǼȥԷ
˻һһżգ㲻ǹˣҵİɣҼǵʯпûʲô·ô·ģ㲻Ū˰ɣ
·ˣں󷽴Ŷʮλãߣһұ֮˽ȥ޷ֱֻܹȻ
һεؿżգҸô˵ѵ˵·ˣһƭǵģ
ȷЩѰ죬Ǿʵʵ˵ɣŲǣǾˣˡʼ磬һûʲôģûоʲôס
Σյص˼һۣɫ׼أ˼ؽյĻһ顣
ϣһļһһǷŭؿ⣬ǹƭǣ׼ضҡҡͷ򼧳յʱЩʧ
׼ؽյ˸ܾüղںж֮иǴǿҲΪдôһ뷨Żһȵģϵȴôһ
׼ʧȴû׷Σοˣ侲һ£ȻŪˣǱϾǺһģӦͬЭʱǧܹﷴ
׼ôһ˵ֻܹȻ⼸ۣûﹾһ䣬Ҳû¡ֻܹĬȻܣǺݺݵص˼һۣưѼոˡ
׼û⣬תͷֱǰȥ
ͷȥЩͬ飬ȵЩһһ߹ȥ֮󣬲ź޺޵ؿżգɵĺ£
ҡͷʧЦһô֪ı飬ûгͷϵ⣬׼زǰУȻ󣬲˼ɫһЩһֳˣһΣǵǰ
⿴Ҳˣû˵ʲôطһǲĴͲˣЩǰֻǰߺˣܻġ
ҡҡͷɫأͣˣû´ĻǰЩӦ֪ǵλã֮ǰںʱǾͷǡҲ֪ͨʲô˽·֮ǵǰ棬ҿӦڵǣҲ֪⻹Ƕ⡭
⡭⡭һ㶣ɻ˵ǿܻǲ
ɡսĲָͣӦһͻȻɫ΢䣬ͨһַԱߵұ֮УңĲǵ׼ȷλˣҸҿ϶ǰ׼ǣ
գ㡭㲻ˣҵİɣ̽ʡ
ҲһϲֳҿЦģŲţ㶼סǧߵǰЩҪǳ֣ȵùģһǰˣ׼زˡ
ҧһؿǵģ˺һ¶ģ˵գҾһΣһƭңҺû꣡
գһߵ׼ԣҴҵһţСģЩˣЩǺˣǰˣҡҽԱߵұϣȻҪǲСģܵĻǲǣǲǻ·
Ѿͷ㵽ҪʲôεŪˣȤ𣿡
ǲ뿴͵ļޣ
㲻̸ǱߵļϸɣΪʲôҪô谭ǣ˵㵽ʲôĿģ
׼ش󻰣Щͬڰ಻ס󺰴һҪģ
һί׼صҸҿ϶ǰ϶еǱߣСģԵĻǻһ򣬷ǱȻܶԷķ
׼سؿ⣬죬˵ҲţڵҲģҪѭҵ˼¡ȻǸԸһ㵽ģ·;жˡԣǼƻ䣬ǰߡ
׼ûк˵һ͹󣬾ͼǰнЩͬһûд⣬һ߹ǰ
ãԵʱ򣬻ǳĵؿ⣬ƺ⵱һϲ׽Ū˵ƭӣ滹Сһ䡣
ҧ޺޵ؿЩ˵ıӰսӽ֮󣬲ŵǵùȫ˷źã
ˣ˵ˣǻҪȥġտοһ䣬ЩǸѹˣһЩ֮߳ǾͻһˡڣǻǺú룬һӦʲôķʽǰɣϾǺһģ˶
£ǵں޹ˣյô˵ţǸ˼գѡ

ܿ죬׼ؾͳΣյķΧǰһֻܹ˲ͨȵЩȵߵʯϣżΪ嵭Ϣš
ͷЩٵļգȻ֪ЩʯЩ˰Ǳţ͵׼عԺ󣬺ͻȻϮһˣȻЩΪʲôҪôף϶ǲ⡣
⣬ĵǰͻȻӰһΣվ׼صǰ档
׼ǰٶȻŻЩɻؿżգôΪʲôܵǰˣѵϤɣ
ҡҡͷЦ˵ҲϤֻںˣǰǰֻһֱ·ҪǲĻߵǰвУ
СӣɵѾͷǲһģǲǹǵ鷳һµ
ͷ࣬鷳ˣʱѾ˷ô࣬Ҽǲˣ֮һĽ㣬һҪҲܲ˵ģͲסؾ档
ոûнЩ˵вֻǿ׼أһʵвУ
׼ԭӦ˵Ȼżտһ֮Ҳ֪ʲô飬һ£ȻͷֻҪһߣûʲôеģֱֻҲûʲôҪġ
áղϻϵصͷûкһѸٵ˶ǰֱһհĹȵȥ
׼غߵһ뼧֮仹мʮɵľ룬׼ز׼ȴطּѾǰĹȵڣͻȻʶյٶķǳĿ죬쵽һʱ䶼ûзӦ
Щ׼նµļһۼֻһվȻֱӽ˹ȵ΢΢һĵһÿ죬ʱȴҼյ鷳¡
ʱ׼غһˣڹȵһ򣬶գֱӲĹȵ֪Щʲô˼
һĪģҲ֪׸ʲôã׼ذ˵Ĵߴ٣ֺһ𣬼ǰн
ڴʱ
ǽȵ֮еļգͻȻûκԤ׵ĳ֣һ΢ϸ֮ĻâȻ֮бһ㣬͵Աߵұ֮ϡ
֮ģЩƽұڣһӱð͹ƽһģӰнֳ
ĻâӼյ֮ͷųԼΪģâϵط䣬Щұ֮ϲϵش죬ͬʱյӰȻ󷽳һӴǹȵ֮зɳ˲Ϣ֮䣬͵׼ء˵ԣҺԥ֣
׼ءһˣʱһ͵ؿǰһʱ仹ûзӦ׾ʲô顣
һ֮֡׼ӺȻһʶһǱұڵĿģ׼Ҳ˸ܻ֣ЩǱԭ׼Ըǣ
ע⣬ǲ֪û˵˰ɣû˺ߣ֣ЩһĿǣӦҪסǣӦħɱ
׼ءôһߺȣ˶ӦˣҲҪѣߵϺؽԼĻ꼼ʩչҲ߶ʮһ׷׳ǰĹȵ֮кȥ
ЩǱұ֮ϵˣҪ׼ǿ֮ͻȻϮûϵѾǵټȻǰһ֣Щһ˸ֲڻâϮ֮£׷״б¶
һʱ䣬Ƿ˻ӣ׼ءǵĹ󣬸ָĻ꼼ȵ֮УһЩ꼼˵ļһϵ˴ùûüӻâ֮ѳֱػ˼ɢ
׼һûһ飬֪ǼսԷİϷҴһȵ֮УͻΪЩǱߵİӣ³ܻЩ˻Ҫҡ
Ϊ򣬻ĵ׼ص˲û飬ŭؽԼĻ꼼ʩչسȵ֮УЩ˵ꡣ
ΪռȻ˶ԷһֲռƵǣȴռ˾ԵϷ磬Щ˴Ǽɹм굱鿪кܶˣǱسǰӴܣ˲׼Ƕսͷ
ܶʱ򣬾ʤľͻȻıʣûмյĲͻȻ֣󽫻ܶ˵ʮа˾׼ǡȻڵȴȫȻߵ˹Ӧó䵱ݵˣΪǣֻһֱǰһ·
һסǵģȵģˣ
ǵţɱǣ
˴½ɱţưոݣ׼ɣ

һӰڲ㹥֮£Ǳޱȵسǰһ·ŹȵľͷȥӰʧʱܻѶеĳ
ܿأûˣһʧѸûټȵֻ֮ǵĵ
׼ߵˣûʤӦеϲãһɫ֮Ȼȸոձ̸вʱɫҪѿһЩ
ֻƳ׼һۣϿĲѯ⣺˴½ɱţʲô·ǵţ֪ʲôģ
صص˵ͷ̫֮֮ϣû˴½ɱŵ飬˵̸ЩײеҰ޵Ļ˴½ɱţǿֲĶħ
׼һˣôһͣǰ̾ϢǰļպĽãҡ
ЩУ˻ûнģͿʼùģ׼صûȥķ
ûֻе棬Ҳſ֪Դʲôطܹ뿪׼ؿЦ
׼ôһ˵һһشģ
˴½ɱŵʲô֯ΪʲôΪʲôǸôǣտ⣬ʵ
˴½ɱţȫ˴½İʿɣ֮вбĴ½ˣ˴½ϣǶǸ½ǿ֯¾ĳԱ˴½ϡ¾ǵ֮ĵһûκһǿǡ¾ϲ׽Ĵ½ϵĸ꣬ø˴½ҩģǳȺӵؽ̫׽ֵꡣɱŵĸ֣ǾجΣ׼ش͡
⿴żգͷЦһ˵Ƿ˾ףõİ취ص壬ʱڲҪ̫֮ϳûΪɱŵ˶˵쳣УһȷΪ˵꣬ǶǵöԷϢû֪ʲôǣֻҪȷϢˣ̫֮ϣֻҪԷڣܹҵ
ܵĻԼĴ½Ҫһ̡һ⣬૵֮ģģ浹ùôͱ¾ɱŸء
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Щۼͬ飬Ȼг˶ԡ¾ɱŵĿ־壬ҲǰûмգЩѾ¾ɱŸɱˡ
Ҳôʲô˲İǵʲôֵؿˣڸոգǲɱһЩˣҽЩνɱŵļһߣǸռ˴ˣǳ˴˼Ҳ£ǵʲô
֪¾ɱкü֧أ˴֮ϵķһ֧ļ֧ϵУЩɱŵļһﶼϢǸոұһ֪̫ѶԸˡ׼ؽ͡
ϵһ£ɴǾ֮УɱŵĳԱɱϢһƣǰҲʹˣʲô
ѽĻƺĲӦúʲôһͻȻЦ£ʱͨرգǼ֧ɱŵļһ϶ֲܸܹϢԸǣǲӦõĲŶ԰
˻һһͻȻϣ


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żգ۾Ȼ΢΢һ·һʶһ㡣
ãһʼƺͶԼշǳУһ·ϲϵؼڿ࣬¼ջ۵ƵģȻһΪؼʱȴǼճΪ˽ΧʶԼ֮ǰС˼գǸ
һֱûн÷ϣȻȻҲöķڿ࣬ԶõĵǸֵķǳĮȻ
õҲûбֳֵǸ֮վһԣʲô
׼Աߵˣڼյһ£˶ԡ¾ɱŵĿ־壬һʰġ
ȻЩҲûǸո˭ǣҲ׷򼧳ձʾԼлǸ⣬մ֮ȻһһЦͷꡣ
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׻˵ˣ֮ǰ֮ǰ˵ǷһҲĻôǻˡն׼أһ£ѹ˵
׼һ㶣Ƴһۣ¶һֻ˲ܹĶйЦٺٵСֵܹȻˣţһ⣬ȷǷʲôˡĵ·أǼȻһЩطǵÿСֵЯ
ҾΪ̫ϣ̸ֺɱЩһﶼǣҪѱ϶ܱʵʵ˵
׼رʾ⣬ףֻҪܹڿԮֵʱһѣ㹻ˡ
˰ɣǲӦÿˣߴ׼أԹǿûҵǸոҿԩЩļһˡ
ôһ˵׼غǲ˼̹ȻǸ׼صĴͷ£֮ǰЩļһҲ׷ײ˼رʾԼǸ⣬ãҲεСǸ
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н׼صĴ֮£˾ۼһżĸϣһε˳˳;Ҳûʲô⡣
ڣȵ׼һʾעеʱ򣬾ڶǰͻȻŨޱȵ¹֮Щص׵˾Ϊ֮һһ˷
ˣҴʮֵע֮Уǲ̸ܻ֡ɱЩˣԱ֮еħ۶Է˭ǶҪСĽܹ⡭׼һ߶ҪСĽһ߻롣
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յһŨŨ¹֮УϾ·𱻽»֮У¹֮⣬ҪЩ¹⾫꣬ʣƮƮɵĸо
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׼ƺȷǳϤһǱһƵģ˼飬һֱڿ״̬ϵߺȵңߣ
׼أĬĬع۲ܣȻΧһֱɴһ¹֮ƲɢһſЩ֮е¹֮겢û˿谭
Ҳ˵걾ԸǶԶû˿Ӱ죬ͬԸǶԶڱʱء
ĬĬع۲Ե״һʼûз˵ֲ챦ſֻÿտյ¹֮Ũ֮⣬ƺҲû̫쳣֮
ֱֱ׼صĴ֮£һˮ̶֮󣬼ղͻȻıԼĿ
һֻһĶشСˮ̶̶ˮɫţһˮ̶Ϸżذ׵СЩСǽһ㣬֮¹֮ˡ
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ȻҲ󣬼һѸٳˮ̶ϷҲС׻
ˮ̶һ߶С׻ôһ˲Ĺ򣬾ͱðռˣŮһϲޱȵģ껯ֽץС׻üЦġ
֮еһ滨˵ʵû̫ȻЩܹĵŮ˵ȴÿÿΪֵı֮ˣΪŮ˵Ƥ»һĹһһŮ˵ļʮ»󣡡׼վڼյԣ΢ЦŽ͡
˵ͷȻʧЦѹˣŮ˵ܹǱĶʱҪǱǿ鱦Ҫ󡣡
ٺ٣ϵҲǹ˰ʲô֪׼Ц
ˣûʲôãǰɡźŴߴ׼ص
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ˣѾõԼҪĶ鼫ãԷ׷׵ͷûмȥٸ׼ǡ
׼ؿʼֱнǲϵظı䷽Ĵ£˽ʼЩͷԣǳ·ûб߼һ㣬սȫſҲ޷Ӧĵľͷ
𽥵룬նЩԺˣҪ׼ػһ˷ܵģǶᵱ·
ôнһüͷһ壬ͻȻǰе㶯
ʲôط׼ϻӦһȻʮĺţָŸӦһ£ЩԴǲһʿ
һε֮˶ӦݵĲ⣬ǵһ̤ļգΪѾ֤ԼԼǳģҲû˵Сˡ
׼أЩΧͬҲͣ׷עżա
ǰŸӦһͻȻ˺һʿ֮⣬Сһص壬ǡǵƺĵ¹֮۶ɣԺǲһ
ħ׼϶˶Էݣֻһԥ˵ʮĺţЩħǱߵʿǲǡǲڽս
սӡӦħռϷ硣ոӦһ£ϻش
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Σˡ׼һȻƳһΧͬһۣͻȻӦȥĵطǸ򣬴˵ʱͣǸϹȥǰˣڲȥħЩɱ֮󣬻ǰȥҲпǾһҪȥ˵ǻħ
һ£׼صЩħʲôһ״Ҳûа취ȷжϡͶƱʱܿӭȥǰֶԸħ
ӭȥյһ̬
ҲʾӦøϽȥȻҪǰĵ·ָǰ˱ɱ֮ħ̾ǶʱǻһҪħв
ȻҲһЩ˱ʾӦʱȥҪǰǰ˵²ǰ˱ɱ֮ħΧˣӦûǰĵطôһһ˾ͿԱһս
һսͻܹ⣬;⡣
ҲӦӭȥ׼ر̬ЩħǳѶԸǰ˸һܹԸħͲˣĻǿ϶ֻ·һǸȥǵ㲻ܹħҲԺǰ˸һȻƽǸȥ
׼ô˵ţһһɨͷͬȥռݶȻˣǾͿȥɡ
˲ԥ׼صߺ£ٶѸٳǰȥ
ܿ죬Ө˵֮Уһͨ·ɾʯɣ⣬д½϶һĹŹȴľ޴ҫ貹âڣϲϵͷųҵ
ħƺԺһ룬ڽ׵ĵŲ崵ʱ򣬻ͻȻûʯͷ֮Уд½ʿħ֮¹⣬ſ֮䣬֮䣬âЩ¹Żá
ǰʿǱӴܣħͷų¹ǳη壬ˡˡһ飬ԸħȴԵ֧穣ЩӦ
һվϲΧѾϢɢ֮ǰ϶ѾʿħɱЩδɢ֤ϸϸһ£ڴ֮ǰѾʿħɱˡ
һǳµˡ
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ħжݣŵƵƣÿÿصףÿһδӵصðͻЯŸ¹ϮЩʿˣħϵͼǰˣħĶȻ׼նɱǰˡ
֮ǰͨ⣬վ֪ħ壬ϵ¹ԸʿǾ״壬Ҳ˵ſֲɱֻҪЩħˣصͷųâһЩڻ˵ǳ£߽ǣʿɢ
ħٵƶطǰʿΧ룬ħռ˾ԵϷ磬ÿÿͷųâǰʿķǳǱһСıЩ״ĹУЩʿŤ
֪Ťζǵ֮ѾʼˣһǵŤһزͻᱬ鿪֮ǰЩɱʿһɢ
ʱ˿̣ЩħΧɱİʿѾΪյʱ̣ʱûİǰʿֻ·һ
ǰ⾰ȻѾҪˣóҪħͬھͷֻǲϵرλãѰǡλȻ׼עһ׼ħɱˡ
ɱﵣпܽǵľȫĵٲľء
죡׼صͺһһǱߣλѣ𼱣ǣ
պһˣѸٸϵ׼صԣû̫ķϻ˷ѣЩһ֣ħչ
ħص壬ǳ׶ԸֻнϵۣΪǳ΢ϸɱ޴ľ񹥻ſ˺ǵ꣬һ깥ǵϺ֮Уܹ̫á
ôһȺ֮Уżôһ࣬ļգĻâ֮ؼ·ǶԸЩħҩֻҪ߶ȵۣ仯Ϊ΢ϸ֮ĻâħвȻܿա
Щħƺżߵǻۣ֮УǲռŵƣȻޱȵĸӦâ۳֮󣬲׼ͷŵļȴͻȻ־ȻʧȥЩħټ
ܣħѾԶԶˣԳֵĽ
һ£аħĴϻۣûжԸħİ취ЩħȻÿˣǵս۵֮Щâиһͷ֮󣬻âԼЩħʲôطƶ׷˹ȥҧħš
âٶȻӿ죬ļâֱʤЩħӦ˼һͷĻâѾħϡ
߶۵Ļâ΢ϸıС뻹ҪСʮϣâרйһħ壬е΢ϸȻħ֮Уħһʹ಻ģ
ħΪǿڼâĹ֮£ħֱֻûʧȥֵûоʹһ겻
һ߱ţħһ߳ϵͷǵżտʼһ¹֮۵ɿ˼գվŵĴ֮У֮깥һ¹ʸһ
̺ͬ¹֮ȻЩħ߷Ĺ壬е¹ȴޱȣһ㲻ºͣףֻҪЩ¹ĹƸ򵽣϶ĵ¹ֻ֮ܵЩӰ죬òֳľάԼꡣ
Ҳ˵ܴ
״Ȼ֪ӦôˣƮûŤ仯һӳ˹㣬һӳ˳һһСǱ˲ϵŤקƤˣı仯
ħϮ䵽仯رܹȥʵҪ㲻ģὫеһѿȵȥ֮飬漼һ㲻ԻңһδνħĹܡ
ôʱЩ׼һˣضħųԼĹ깥׷״ͷųȫħ
׼ЩȻĹ廨ţиŵȻ۾ϸ棬ȴԶԶգǵĹ䵽ħϣܹɵɱҲ޵ĺܣЩħǵĹԴܼͷųĻâǷǳΡ
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սſħڵѸٵԶȥûڴ˼
ŸӦһսһԼųȥĻâһһջֽЩâϸӵһͷЩϢһջ
òĻâյʱ׼Ѿһ˿ʼˡ
Ҳ̽յŶӣɽȺнʯȣǱ׼ػҪһ㣬̸ǵǰģϧЩҲǳңǸոսĲãħʮħ׷ɱ
ǵŶмʮˣħ׷ɱ֮Ĵܣطɢˡ
һʮˣħסһ·ӵԺĸͬ鱻ħɱǰ˸ҴԭΪҲħϮȴûϵȻһǰȣ˵ıס
ȻȻأЩ˷ǳظо׼غͼյˣǶԼգǱֳл⣬ΪףոǼյĻâǳЧħָǣֱһĥŻݡ
Щ˵ĸлմ̩֮ȻЦǲҪ⣬㽫Լ뷨׼أħǳƺԲÿһط֮УħȻƣܹܿЩһ;ܿҪȻ̸ֺɱŵ˳֣ǾͻȱЩħɱˡ
ҵȻˣ֪ЩħĿ£Ǳߵĵ·ܹƿħģͳͳƿˡ׼رʾ
ǡǺ̸֡ɱг𣿡ȵİ֮һͻȻ
׼һ㶵ؿ˸ˣôҲ̸ֺɱţ
˻ͷ̸֮ģǵĶҲûѣ֮ҲħϮ̸ֵĶ飬ͬʧءĴӵʱ̸ֵĶҲĴӣЩħϮ̸ֶҪһ룬ǵҲ̫ġ
΢΢һ̸ֵ̾вǵǲ⣬ҪСЩɱŵˣ֪ΪΣһνĵɱŵˣƺѾа취ԶЩħˣͬħǺ̸ֵ˶޷ѣֻܹĴܣǣЩɱŵ˵ǰȻЩħ·ӦƵģȻӶ
ʲô׼ؾˣһŵģУвĪħǿԶܵħϮЩɱŵĽΪµ֡ô˵Ķɱŵ˵ûһΣˣҪǺΣվʹˡ
˻һߵһɫء
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ѹЩɱŵˣ˵֮һὫͳͳɱžԵİˡ
ǸովǵǺɱΪУҲҪһ𡣡˵Ҳ˵ɱŵЩһɱΪȤҪҲŹҶУһ𻹶һЩء
ǰɱ˵Уߵһֻ档׼ص˵ͷɫȽϳء
ЩɱŵˣֻܹħҲˣ¡ǿԿԼϢȽԼϢſħħŶڴȻٽϵϢȥڰжЩħϮ֡Ļ͸鷳ˡ룬ͻȻ
ǽһŵİˣôһ˵ȫȻɫ˺һۣн־塣
һտЦõؿˣǱҲ˰ɣ
֮һǼһɫѿص˵ͷôһ˵ǲ𲻶ԾЩϮǵħġķǳͻȻľ˵Ǳ˸ġЩħ֮󣬿ʼչϮһɱŵ˿ʼ֪س֣ǲҪħϮʼħһԸǡ
ôһ˵˶Щֻˣһ֪Ӧôӡ
׼أҲЩˣ૵Щɱŵô£⵹ѰˣҲ֪ǲӦü֮лˡҪھͿʼѰ뿪ĳ·ǻ뿪ΪΣ
ϣ˾Ȼǳͬ׼ص飬һͷͬ⣺ðɣԵĻ뿪Ҳδһð취
ⷴһվģѵôˣǽһ˲ףһĵͨҲ֪ʲôʱÿһ̣ͶǵһֵֻҪжʮĺڣǿԶùЩħɱţֻҪܿǣÿͣһ룬׬ģ
㿪ħɱţеһˣһĪӣ׼صôһ£
׼Ѹٽ˽һ飬˵ǰɱŵˣҳֽɱŵļ͵Ϯ˵һһԾģ
ʮĺţ㡭Ŀǰħɱŵˣʡ
˵ٷְٵİգҲͰٷ֮ʮɡǫ
Ǿͺˡ˸ɴôİգǺα뿪أһð
˵õ˴˵ͬ⣬׼غǱߵڵˣһ¼뿪ˣּߴ׼ؿЩǰߡ
׼Ȼͬ⣬´·
˺һǰͻȻһڵСɽ壬СɽϳϡŹֲֵŨ֮¹֮ͷųֻԶԶվһСɽǰ˶Ѿؿʼ˱Сɽ¹֮ˣ갲ʣѸٵ¹֮ϴԼ̺֮꣬
ͻȻָСɽ·壡·𣿡
׼غЦͷ
׼أȻģǸˡԭԭ㾹Ȼܹҵ·壬źŹС
šãҲһޱȵģ·ȷǸޱĵط
׼أ㣡Ȼ㣡Ҿ֪Ѱôĵ·ˣҲֻңſ׼ȷҵ·λã·ı棬ͻȻһӰԵŻ̸ֵֻӰ·ıðɱؿЩһ͸׼һɡ
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׼ص˵ͷ·֮һǳĵط˵·֮ģĿɱˣ̸֣ҲȻҪ֡
ԭյ˵ͷǰ·壬ͻȻҲüЦ·棬öв
ǵȻ˵·ÿһʱͻֲﻨݳժһΣһ֮ͨ·᳤ֻ֮֮гֵҲ·֮ϱֵġ˵֮У·Ϊ˵飬Ϊ·Ϊıײˣ˷ܵ
׼أ㲻Ȼܹҵ·壬ܺúܺáЦЦǰһһ̸߳һˣ̸ۣЩħɱŵϮ֮£ʧᰡֻʣһˣţս
׼صһ𣬶̸ּЦ̸֣˵Ϥû㿴㣬ȴһˡң߲һ˲٣һЩѣ̸֣ȲңĺѾͷˣ
ҵҪ˭ĺͷ̸ֳ˹籩ɱЩһһ˺·ı
Щ̸һˣԶ˵׷׸̸һڵɱ˹


289 һڣ
·滨ݷ֮࣬ӯ֮·Ϊĵĺ֮أÿһʱµǰ̽յֻҪܹҵ·壬ܲһ񣬵ȻǰҪסԼźá
̸һȻһ·ˣΧǶûмŲժ·ҩ챦ǰػţ׼Ը׼ء
׼һ̸ϰ಻סˣЩ˴·ıðûʲôϻɱ˹
̸Ǳֻжʮˣ׼Ϊ·¾˰֣Ҳжʮˣ˫൱̸ֲռ̫ƣΪˣ׼Եò̸֣һȵСģҪõ·֮ϵ챦ҩҪ̸һء̸ֲǵһ飬һҺһЩѹͱ̸ֵɱĲòݱܷâ¹֮·Ѿһˡ
׼ôһ˵ȻҪͬЭһԸ̸Щ˵Ĺˡ
·ϵ챦ǶֻҪ̸ܹǻˣ·ı͹ˣôһջ£һϾ۾񣬿ʼȫԵС
̸ֿЦţ񱩵Ű֮׼ߵ˶òѡ̸ֹܿˡ
׼ΪһķˣȻȻس嵽ǰ̸ֵǿв
׼صҲΪľ̸ֽ֮׼صһӶͣ·һ壬Ĺâ׼ص֮ͷųֻҪЩâҫһЩ˵ܶĹʩչˡ
̸һ꣬籩һϯ񱩵ȫ׼غ
̸ֵΪİԵ£ǿ֮ԣֻҪһΧ֮ڳֵǵ˻ѣֿܵӰ죬һп̸ֵܱĿɷ顣
׼죬ľâ̸ֵĿ籩Ŀը֮£ҲԵ֧穣ǵѡ
̸ֵ籩ʵ̫ˣ׼صס׼һľźţͼȥ׼صʱҲ̸ֵĿӰ죬źŵ걻ֱԶԶ׷ɿһ걬ˡ
׼һʹģԼȫʩչһӷ·һǿԴһĹâ˷ɽ
ôһ׼ԲԶһЩѣҲԱܵ˲
պˣûж׼صӰ죬ͬʱһǿҫˣ΢΢һӲϵŤһͲܹ۳
һ֮вϵػεţ֮£궼һҪĻ꼼ʩչҪķһС
аһһק⣬Ѹٳ׼غ̸ȥ
⺣½ôĹɶôԵ۵˻ѣһ̸ܵ׼ؾȻҲǲǺ½ص㣿ȫĵص֮󣬼üͷЩ˵
ʧЦҡҡͷһɣ֮ǰҲӴһЩ½ĸ֣Ҳûмǵ깥ô⡣
ǶɡЦЦҿ׼Ҳܹ֧һʱ䣬̸ȻԵޱȣǶھҲǳҲôΪĽȫʩչܹ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䡣׼أȻǿȴǳܹĥˣԼԷΪһȥˣ̸ֲþܻʤ
⵹Ҳǣ׼֧ŲסüͷһЦ׼ؿӲˣˡ
׼عȻǲˡ
̸ֵ籩Ŀը֮£׼ͷųľâѾԽԽˣƺ֪ȥɣ׼زϵغˣں˵ʱ׼صϢɢĴѰټյϢ
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ʱ˿̣Щ̸һĵĸ֣Ҳʼ׼ߵչˣЩҲȻԼͷųϾͺ׼ߵɱһ
պһξ룬Ǵȿ˵ϵ׼ôͲˣȻ̸ֳڵλô
׼޳ܣòź󷽳룬֪֪֮˲ֵҵ֮£֧ŲסȻ⻹ǹ֮ǰҲϼգʾ⼧պһȥ
ȳȥҿܲܰ׼һѣϾһġղûкһ뿪ѡؿ׼غ̸һ
ֻһ£Ȼ͵ͷţСһ㣬̸ֻ׼أʵûжĹϵĵĿһǶȡ֮е챦ǧܹԼ˽ȥ
˽ˣΪԼ룬⾰£ܹżգѾʵˡ
ЦЦʾԼ˼İɣȻзִģһһ£ûа취Ը̸֣һһԶԶġ
ⲻٶ˵ʲôһСģϳԶ뿪ˡ
̸ֺ׼˽ʱΧһˣ˵ֵңֻҪˣ˭ֲôˣ̸ֺ׼˻żƶʱ򣬼տԽеעеϣõĻᱻ˳û͵Ϯ
ʮĺţң׼ԶԶԼϢͷųϣտԮ֡
ʱ̸ֵѾʧˣ˳һ޴籩еʩ֮ϣȫ
׼һ·ǱͷųһâЩâ׼Ϊģ˷ɢһЩâ̸ֵ۵֮Уܹ谭ϮٶȣȻ׼ص깥̸ֻǷǳЧġ
ΨһЩϧǡ׼غ˵ٶȾȻ̸ֻ
óϵͷųһľâͬ׼صľľ޴̶׼ز̸֣ˣ׼زŻԵôѡ
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ˡ׼شԼѶԼעŵ̸ֵϡ
̸Ѿ˳׵籩ˣӿƵ֮ϯһнһеǿƣ֮֮Ũ֮¹֮ܲ¹ⶼ飬ҷɡ
׼ڳ˵˼ԡ
׼أԽԽȥˣǰȻһ޳ܣٻеӺ潻ս㾹ȻʼҪñ׼أȻͷˣ̸ֿ֮Ũҵ겨֮ɢ
̸֣Ϊж˲СֵܣضԽѹȥ׼˵ԣ֣Ҫɱ̸֣
ˣЦЦҲˣϢһɣһұǡ
ҲãСֵҪСģС̸ֵ籩Ŀը׼ص˵ͷҲӼյÿ
̸ʱ˼յǰ۶ɵ籩ϯеĻҲƺƵСӣΪ׼ֵá
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̸ֿЦһȻѰ·ҲԹˡ
ô˵ţ̸ֵ籩֮У͵ͷųһɺƴ޼ʵ쫷籩ĸ֮£һľķУͻȻֱżյĻ
һո۳Ļâһ죬һ˲䱬ЩķС
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̸ͷųУڼջâĹ֮£׷ױ鿪еķоһ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ûһܹڻâ֮¸һ뼧յ֮ϡ
̸ԭΪԼУһӾǲոĻɢҲҪüܴÿ·
ϵеʩչȻᱻոͷų飬ôһ̸ֵɫ籩ƽϢһ£û̸ֵһŴһսǾ죬Сӣ㻹ΪʲôҪ׼ֱСߵһ㲻Һˣұ֤ԵõҪĶ
Ǹ˭˵㻹׼أֻһ·ģǽҴ·㹻ˣֻҪǲңúǶֶŵġʼ磬һ˭Ҳ˦ģ
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ţҺܸмҴ׼أԣһ·֮ϣֻѡҪĶҲҪı˿ѡ˲̰ġ
ִˣȻֻȽˣҲܹԸ׼ˡ
̸ֿѾҲچ£ǻûȻһһ˲佫ȫͷųһα仯Ϊ籩
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̸ûĴͷеһ͵ѹȶǴ۳磬ȻһӾ޴ޱȵ˱Ȼżյһس籩֮ȥ
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мĵص㣬֮е¹֮ܲӰ죬׷ûغڶ֮У˲ԶһЩͻȻʱ֣ͣǾؿߣ˱öɵ
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һʱҲ˲ˣһҲżսӽϣܹɹѹء
һжģ׼ء
׼뼧յľ뻹ҪһЩһƱɫЩϲ;ʱ򣬾¿Сֵܷģˡ
պ̸ˣڽ֮Уûغڶһ˵Ӵˣû֪ᷢʲô
ͬʱʮ塢ʮšʮߺţ׼һ̸ֺͼ˵
֮飬ͻȻ֣
ʮšʮšʮߺţûκεԥһ̸֣ͣûг̸ְ֣͵س̸ֿը˵̸ֵ籩֮У̸ֵ籩ͻȻˣҲάֲס̬ˡ
ͬʱ׼ص˼յ󣬺Ƕʮšʮšʮߺһ׼Ҳͬ˷˼Ķ
׼Ȼһ֮ľ֮УЩ֮йĿ꣬ȻǼգ
ˣһɴ۳ĸ񳱣Ҳ׼ص֮ͷųЩ֮дӴĸϢŻһеĺɱ¾Щһ뼧յ֮УյʶĨȥ
Сģ⼫ٸȴһǿ׼Ҫʲôˡ
γɵغڶȻ俪
ϸһ㣬Ϊǧƣһӳ˷ȥյϢͻȻ΢ˡ
ŭ죬ôҲûϵ׼ؾȻҪس׼س˹Ȼͷųûһааб
׼ͻȻת¶һζЦݣϸЦЩСѾͷ㲻ҵĶֵġ
һĹâ׼ص֮ͷųЩĹâγһ谭Ծóаסа׼صʱаĹâϵ⸽ϢҲһɢ
СѾͷӦòıòɣ֪ܲʵһֱ뿴ıòٺ٣֮ͨУɵСӵȷǹϷģں治ϵײŲòײСѾͷҿ㡭ƺҲǳأٺ٣ϧϧСѾˣҲˣҿοġ׼ЦǺǵؿ⣬¶ḡسϷ⡣
ҿ㵽жͣҵһþ۳аͻȻаʢһɻһеɱ¾ϢһѴ⾫۳а֮ͷųس׼Ϯ
׼֮ǰͷųľâ·ûа֮ȡӦеЧа˲˺˲㾧â谭ٶȼ죬˲䵽׼ǰ
׼Ȼɫһ
۳һȦȦˮƳЩˮƵһγޱȵķˮƵ·˽ˮ¹֮ȻЩˮƶסˣֻһ˲䣬Щˮ֮оͳӴ¹֮
аЩ罺ˮһˮ֮ϣһѿа䵽ˮ֮Уֻǽˮƿһȱڳа֮ϵͱˮƵסˣ⸽Ϣʼˡ
ɫһ䣬ϣԼа֮ϵϢջͬʱȻͷųɱ⣬аȻը
ȻǱ鿪аΪûҪϢĹעǳޣûܹˮƸݻٵ
ˣ׼ҲһԾؿ⣬СӣԭСһҲǽԼˡôǳ꼼ȴ˶񶾰Եһס㣬ҪúŪŪ㣬㳢꽻һζ
ȿȡʱԶ̸̸ֵֻѾԭˣ겻ϵŤ䶯Ե÷ǳǱضء
ʮšʮšʮߺˣǲϵ׷̸֣˽Լʩչ̸ֽпը˵֮£̸ԵԽǱͽΪʲôΪʲôҪң
ǴˣʼǶǺ׼һ·ģɵӣΪ˶ӦͶ㣬ʮźǲмؽһ䣬Ƕʮšʮߺһ̸ָΧ룬ԼĻ꼼̸֣ȻҪѸٽ̸ָɱˡ
̸ҪΪ֮ǰѾ˸͵ϮˣȻǿ˵ĹȴԵ÷ǳǱޱȣȥҪ˶ã̸־ͻᱻ˸ɱ
ΪʲôΪʲô׼ܹģѵܹǣΪʲôҪ̸ôҲ벻ͨ
ϾҪˣô¡ʮŲ͵һ䣬̸ֳ

̸ֺ׼֮ıʣ˵ע⣬Ȼʱ򣬲̸ߵˣ׼ߵˣҵĽսһ𣬴ʱѾ޷ˡ
ʱ˿̸ֺ̣׼ˣЩȻѾʧȥԼ
˽սһڲΪ˱ģֻΪ·֮ϵı˷׷׳·ȥ·;УֻҪ˵ԼǲԼˣǶϳϮ
·Եֵջ֮£ƺɥĲֻ·棬ҲݲñĶˡ
󺰴ţϣܹעϣܹʶ׼صıɣϣܹȽ׼С˸ס
Ȼʱûһ˴
ûõģʱ˶ֻԼκ˹¡ô֮мʶ̫ӸԣʱʦֵֵܶƴɱδıİˣСѾͷǲҪܱˣֺֺǰɡ׼Цӽ⣬ǿճˮͷųȻһ㳯⿿
ΪձȴʶԼ㣬ʱ˿̣ûһ˿ΣҲûһ˿ֻܹһˣ۹۰·ϣҵԸ׼ص
ܣܲģ׼غٺЦţԽԽаǻ֮·սͿԵһˣһɱ㣬Ȼ뵽õĽս֮Сڴ֮ǰҪú껶ãָʧȥľ֪֮ϣҿַָƺԶָľ
ιǣǣЩһոնʮĺȹǣڶʮĺű׼ɱѵһʾûУ˵һ򣬳Ǹһ˺
ЩУšãҲվȹǰˣȻʱЩԼ˶ΪܹЩ·˴սһ
ߺȣЩûгʱһۣħ֮½İˣһģ͵СӣСѾˣ˶ˣʲôˣ˺Լɡ
źãЩ̵ؿһۣƺЩģ૵㣬Ҫ
£׼ڶùǱ֣׼ؽĿתƵϣҪ֪ǶʮšʮšʮߺŷǳǺ׼һģ鷳£ѵ
һ£ûʩԮ֣ͻȻ·һԲεʯͷ۷Źʯ㣬ʯ
Уֻʣ±ˣҲݲ±Ķ
ˣͻȻʶ֮йȻԽѣκ˶ǵˣ˺֮Ľ˩ţûһ˺֮ϾͻᵭĮԭѣܻ˲Ϊˡ
ôпᡣ
׼Цţӽ⣬ʩչϵسѹȶ
µҲָˣ޺Ȼص׼أ׼صĵû֪Щʲô
СѾͷΪԶʩչԱһСϷǺǣҪʧˡ׼ͻȻһЦ֪ܲһ֮ķҫ֮£꽫Աʩչٺ٣òҵһСôôأ˵ǲǣţ׼úܰɣҽʹ࣡
ʱûע⵽Щɢ֮ļһͷȻʼؾˡ
ڲ֪֮䣬յϢۼһ΢˼㣬ʼһš
ϧһҪɱ֣ҪЩ·֮УûϾעԶϵؾۼļյϢϾһϢ̫ˣÿһ϶ԼϢͷųһ˱ɱ֮ϢҿɵϢ
Ψһע⵽һɲͬѰϢģֻһˡ̸֣
ǱӴ̸֣ܵΪԼյӡʵ̫ˣ֮УѾӡ˼յϢˣΪǱʱܹϢĲͬѰı仯
̸ޱȵľ棬֪Ϣı仯ζʲôΨһԿ϶ǡջڣ
ôһΪ̸ֹ˼ɵĵˣʱ򣬷̸еһͼŹͬ˵̸֣ʼϵرԼλãżջƶ
̸ֲ֪ǷܹЩϢؾۣ֪ԼʱѾܹ࣬õյİܿ콫ᱻʮšʮšʮߺɱûѵĿԡ
ˣ̸ȻǱȴᶨƵسżƶ
ʮšʮšʮߺˣһҪ㽫̸鷳Ͷšͼıˣ׼ҲӦǣš֣ѾԽԽȲˡ
һƼϢѸٵؾۼȵ̸һʱ۵ٶȻʮ
̸һͻȻʶһʵʱѸٽ飬֮ǰʱ䣬ֻĿģ
̸ֲ֪ջʲôڼյؾ۳ɹ֮ǰæǲǵˣ
ٺ٣ǵȷǵˣǾҪʮΪ̸ں˵Цʱ̸ѾȵѵľˣֻҪټһͿֱӽ̸ָɱˡ
ڴʱ̸ֵͻȻĻâЩâԽ̸֣һӽ˸С
ʮšʮšʮߺˣͿ̸Ѿû˻ֵôҲûϵΪؼʱ򣬾ȻлâĹ⧲֮£У˵
ˣ϶а취˵ָԼմһʩչʹ꼼һӽ֮С
ʮšʮšʮߺˣ·ͻȻ˰׳գȻǶãƺڵȺ̸ֶ¶֡
ллѣҺ׼زͬҲᱳʹӣǿԺûйƵĺ̸ֿϲԼմƵѶ̸֮ͻȻһμѵؽԼΪ籩
һճΣȴԵЩ㣬û̫ǿ˱֡
Ȼ̸̫ˡ
ʮšʮšʮߺˣѾϵ⣬׸ˣȻ̸ǰǶԸʶǿռݵˣռϷ硣
̸ʩչԼһһʮšʮšʮߺŵ֮Уʼչж
ͬһʱ䣬ͻȻޱȵĳ׼صһƽؿǶⲽƵ׼أһڡ


290 
һ䡰һڡ׼˸ⲽƵѾʼһӦŪˣϵΪؼʱ򣬼ͻȻð˳
׼֮Ҫ͵ϮգΪյ˺̸һĶˣ缧һǿĶ֣Ӧó紦õ˹ؼʱǳ鷳
жԼջп־壬׼زŻѡڼպ̸ֵֽʱ֣׼дọ̃ΪֻҪպ̸һɱˣʲô鶼ᰲȻҲ˴ˡ
յͻȻ֣׼ػһعͷĿżգЦѵ֮Щᡣ
᣿ЦˣЦЩɭ֮󰡣٣ҪĻ꼼Ƚ⣬ѾɢˣһӡǶˡ˵󲻴󣿡
ʵ֮У˶ôµģСֵܣҪ֪֮Զڣôֻǰ֮еĹ¡׼ڨЦ
˽⣡죬ԣҲ㰴ĵĹ顣
𣡡׼ؾһżռǿԳΪѣѣ֪ûҵĴ죬ǵ·ıҲ߲ĵġģǽңҪȥһÿңûң˭߲ȥ
׼ػƾָֻ̣ܹ·
ʮĺţⲻŵؿżգ̲סΪ뼧սԶγɵĻĽϳ١
ǳϲΪ׼ص͵Ϯ֮£Ѿˣʵϣȷۿ˼յ껯Ϊɢ
Ϊؼʱ򣬼վȻ֮ͻȻ֣ȻԤףһ־ϲģԶԶżյʮĺţɱˣһﱰ޳ܵ˼㣬˻ֻ˶ʳѰ
ѾͷҪˣǶ߳ΪԼӦҪúðͽң𣿡׼мƳһۣһŮû̵ģ
ʮĺţôǾǰӰɣұ֤ҲĻ죬֪˵㻹أ㣬ǿԶɱźħǺɡȡ·ϵıȻҴ뿪ģı棬׼顣
ҶĻеáЦЦ׼һʱͻȻ˵ȴһöûˡ
˵ʲôûңô뿪·壿ֻ֪֪Ҳܹ뿪һӶֻ֮Уᱻħɱ׼Ц
׼أⱰСˣѵӲܹǳȥԶͻȻ̸̸ֵַŭҪҴ㣬֪ģ֪뿪ĵķģʲôʱֵвˣ
̸ֵ껯Ϊ˷籩Ƕʮšʮߺšʮŵˣ̸ֵ˵֮ʼָôһ̸Եþˡ
̸ֵһߺȣ׼뼧յĺͺϣϨˡ
㻹ţ׼ؿ̸֣еôܣôܻţ
ǶʮĺŰһѣ׼أ˵ңʮĺŻҪ𣿡̸ֹЦ׼ⱰС˵Űɣҽʮšʮšʮߺŵ֮Ȼúˣ
Ҫһ㣬ҪȻ΢΢һЦ׼س˵ͷ֣ɱ׼˵
͵һ仰ˣȻ֮һνۼһµаǰ۳аагӡѸٳ׼ظϮ
׼ɫһ䣬һνˮƸͷųϣ֮ͨˮֵа
ٺ٣Ϊܹʤ𣿡ЦţѸٳ׼ؿ
۳ĴȻڼǰ۳꼼֮һ֣֮ðһĹ߳һϢӻ֮бֲɱڻ֮е
ΧһЩ¹֮֮Уʳɷ飬Ŀֱָ׼ء
׼شʱˮƵаϮһľˮ֮ϣͻȻ˿ֲĻ׼Ȼǳ֣ʼֳһ־һ۳ǳǿˮƳˮƳڻ
ٺ٣ֻ꼼ûõġЦ
һȻѹһӾͽЩ׼ͷųˮƸסˣ֮͵ر貵Ĺâ־֮Ĺâ֮£Щ׼ص˵ˮƣһѸ߽⣡
ôһб׼ظ۳ˮƣǱӲؽˡ
׼ҵͻȻһ׶ĵʹ࣬ڴʱаͻȻͻǰˮƵ谭ǰ͵سһ̣һӵ׼صǰ
׼Ŀʼˣ֮ϣȻҲֳޱȾֵ飬ƽʮĺţֵ
ȻʧЦҡҡͷ˸ˣʵϲԶ٣ɫȻһյԸּһʲôֶζԳƵϹ䣡
˵úðԸ׼ֱСˣȷκεֶΣΪԸʱҪ㱰һ򱶣̸ҲЦ
̸Ҳ־СڵˣҪպк̸һϿʼԼĻ꼼ʩչ񱩵Ļγ޾ĺ⣬Ȼײ׼ص귶Χ֮ڡ
׼Ѿʼֿ˵ľâʩչˣȻֿ˵ǿ⣬ʱԵЩʱˣ˱ɱ֮£ЩǿܹӦеá
ǿҵĹâһαľȻ׼Լ꣡
׼ص꣬ͻȻ˾״ӲӵĹâ׼ص֮ͷųЩҵǿ֮£̸ǵܵһЩӰ죬ٶһиˡ
յĻа̸ֵ޾ͬʱ˵ȻһӼһ룬䵽׼ص֮ϵʱ׼صѾ˾壬˵깥׼صľ걬ӳǿ⣬ȴû׼صɢ
׼سôʱһͷųǿǿ֮£˵깥Ӳرһξ롣
׼ûмͣһֱԶȥ㾧ʯһʯм֮Ϸ˳Ǿ״ҡҡλΣǱ
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ա⡢̸ˣ㶵ؾ۵׼ظոڵķ̸Լ꣬סһ龧Ө͸ľ壬ɫأһؿ׼ʧķ
ֻһӣͻȻ׼ǰȥ׷׼ء
ţ̸ֹ˼յ׷ŵľøһЩԼտЦ׷ˣû뵽û뵽׼ؾȻӡڵ֮кѶԸ׷ˣҲܹնɱο·ϻôණڣҪǴ˵Ŀġ
̸ôһ˵Щ̸ֵ֣׼ôһ£ΪʲôΪʲô꣬ͻȻ˾״
̬뵽ʲô̸ֲûش𼧳յ⣬Ƿʼպˡ
ħʵش
Ҳ˵ͷħħ־״ħȴ׼زһ̸֣֪ζʲô
̸ֿЦŵ˵ͷζ׼һ·֮ϣõ֮ᣬ֮ὫԼ´һ顣ϣתԼ꣬Լۼǿ֮γһʵһľͨЩ壬ԻסԼ겻ˣû뵽Ȼô
ⲻǺܺ𣿡տһЩģֵʵ֮УַʽߣֱγβƵףȻԼıǰӵԪҪȴͨˣΪʲôΪʲô㻹ôһܹģ˱õ֮ᣬ϶Ҳôġ
ҵõ֮ᣬҿ϶ô̸ҡҡͷ֪֮ͣȷһİʿ׼һ̬һףβơǣȴһı׶ˣ
ʲô׶ˣ⼱ɴʵ
֮ὫԼ֮ˣٴͻƣԶֻܹͣ磡̸ֽͣҲ˵Ӵ֮׼ص꾳ҲֻܹˣҲͻˣѹ֣ѹֻܹ֮лˡ
ôҲˡ
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Ҫףֻ֮ԼӦ¹֮¹֮꣬ʵĿĲԼӵʵ̬̫ϵĸº֮ϵȫͬʱ̫֮϶ЩӦʵĻһ̫֮Уֻ·һ׼ȥ̫ﻹиһĿܰ
ԭӡյ˵ͷЦô׼ҲΪˡ
ˣĺ֮ϣ֮꣬ǷǳµġСֵܣҪסһ׼صʱҪԸħһԸԼ۵ǳ΢ϸĵزſͻǾ״ʵ壬˺֮ڵ걾ʣ̸֣صؾ漧ա
ţˡˣЩ֮еħҲЩʿݱɵİɣͻȻðôһ뷨
Ҳ̸֪ҡͷħγǸţ˭֪ħôγɵģܾúܾ֮ǰʿ̤ĵʱ򣬾Ѿħˡ
ǲǱˣن£·ϵĺñ˼ҵˡͻȻ
ôһ˵պ̸ͬʱӦ̧ͷһֻۣ·֮ϣ˶ڷıЩѾɱۣòһˡ
޷̸ȻһЦ˵ɱɣ˶ãǾͻƽϢ֮УҪסһ㣬ֵʤߣȳֵģþܹٱˣ󷴶Ϊ˵ĵ֮꣡
еǲǼţЦЦ
ǣǿѰһĿꡭ̸ִ
һ㶣пЦã̸ֵ˼ڵ̸֣Ѿ·˵ɱĿ꣬ʱѾûʲô˼ˡ
̸ôһ˵ɫĳżտ˿̸֡
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붯֣Ҳ޷ˣҲ鷳ġȻʧЦ̸Ȼҿ¹㣿
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ͷͻȻɫѿһŮˡ
ڴʱš·֮ʯһõʯ˷ܵĲҪˣ˵ش·֮ϷӾ׼ˡ
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Ȼ˺ʯõ֮˵ע⣬ϿʼעõϣѾ׼Ըá
ֵĻԸĻļһﻹܹռһϷ磬ΪжĬ˴ΣǣĸʿһˣҪеʯʱ˾ԵЩˡ
·֮ϷɳãĴѰķȻ۾ͬʱһһżպվŵķ
λͬ飬æһġ˻ûпѾʼԼĻſˣһͼ˹ϵܺõӡ
ʿúݺݵسָ֣깥ȵޱȵǱֻܹһ·ǰӡ
šŴţѸٳżաһеϣպ˳ְģ
Ǳ׷šŵĸʿۿѾҪ˼յ˵ԣԵЩԥһ˸ߺ̸֣С˵ǣһʯǾͲҪˣ
ˣǸ̸ֵģ̸ֵ֪Ŀ£ۼ̸ǿʼԥˡ
ǵģǺѣûе̸ֻشżɴػش
̸΢΢üͷɿ˼һۣʣСֵܣǺ𣿡
ЦЦšڴĿ֮£ҡҡͷ֮УҿûôҪõѣʮߺţҲʶʲôˡ
̸ֵ˵ͷһػ˻֣Ѿ׷˵޹أɡ
л˹ЦšðΧˡ


291 ȫҪ
ǣˣǣźãؿżտ޺
Ůˣһ䣬૵ֻ棬֮ǰһı˭죬˲뵽ˣ˸
ɫĮȻ޶ԵؿźţȻûг˼ؿñʿΧ
֮ǰ׼͵ϮȻѿûʧȥʶǸʱһֱΪæµһģ׼ֹȻЩȹˣȴǲǣ޶ԡ
УͰźãĮؿȣûгȣȻ䳰ȷ
ˣֻԼûһ֮ԣԴˣŮԣҲʲôʴ֮ġ
οҪֻеʯֻҪϧԼеʯóҲܶ
ˣվôĮؿźţʿΧ֮Ǳضܡ
ĮضԴ֮󣬾Ȼͬʱֳ·𼧳˶ôԲǵһۣĴܵʱŻԹ伧ղú·ϱɱ
Ӳ̫ˣʵˣЦôڣǴΪ룬ȴ˶ӦöǸǲһЩŮ˾ë
˼һۣ޺޵ƫȫŶҲЩŮ˵ȷЩ̫ܾӦҪΧתӦΪǷһŮˡټء
Ҳˣ˵ͷʾˡ
̸š룬͵ĶΧšŵʿŮߣôڣҿŷġ
ˡߺһ˸ı乥ķ򣬿ʼĵطȣʼûзſյʯ˵Ĺ֮£ǻǽػסԼʯǷܴ֣һҪǮҪģ
ܿأ˵Ĺ֮£źãǿбȵ˱ĵط
üͷôһ˻ȥã
̸ֹһЦϵܣѵ֪֮У̫Ϊ˿ԶòĶԼкܶˣ߹ԼܾԼ԰ȻԶܵ˵ΧɱЩˣѡ֣
ǰҲģһ飬ֻ֪ܶҪ־ͿԱס£ѡеøɢ³飬żʰͬ
Ǳź˵Ĺ֮£겻ϵظˣۿѾҪˣȴʼûнʯſ
ߣͼա̸ˣյؿ·ɱʱûвȥȻЩ·ɱˣҲû˭ǵ鷳˭˵Ѳ֪鷳ֻ·һ
̸ֲżⲻżոӲż
·ϵɱңһ壬·֮ϱ鿪磬գۼϢɢ֮䡣
Թۣûвֵ˼ֻǰضЩˣǵĿ⻹·֮εѰǸȤĶ
һɫȻһ䣬ͻȻ̸֣Ǹöˣ
̸һ㶣οյϵܣҪżң⻹ûеǸóֵʱٵȵȣǽø棬Ҫ֪ҵľ飬ǵսֻǵ;ԶԶûе׶Ρ
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ʲô̸ɫȻ䣬һżµģ֮ǰΪħҵʧ˽һ룬ʮħĻԽߵȫ
ǵģʮħ˶ꡣȻһ̸ֵʮĺŵĸӦǳ棬Ǻ׼һܹ֮ȻΪŶʮĺǲ뿪ȵЩħģ鷳ˡ
̸ִؿżգ̾׼ӱջˣȻѡϵ㽻ϵܵİԺ֮Уùܶ࡭
뼴ûң׼ӦҲЩħġɫŹ֣Цûв´ĻЩħĵ׼ٲ˹ϵҸоĵЩħ֮ǰ׼صϢ¶
˻һ̸ԵøΪ𾪣ƿڴ׼ؼֱˣȻħˣУҪжҪȻȵ׼ؽħˣ˭뿪ˡ
̸û˿Ļɣһ֮Ͽʼ·ж뼧պˣôãӦҲĿ˰ɡûʲôģֻҪ㿴еģȥˣΪˣеĶٷ֮Ҳı˵ģ
ˣȻһЦſĽᣬӰ磬Ѹٳһʿȥ
˻δվͽ۵Ļâʩչһ΢ϸ֮ĻâȻֱһʿɱȥ
֮ͨУԹ֮ǰĶԸ⣬ϧֵʱȴ׼Ѿһ׼ҲҪ̸ַֺվԣˣʼûҵʵ
ûҵֵٳûг֣ͽ·֮ϣһпޱȵɱ֮·ջ
ץһ״СʯͷСʯͷɢ⣬֮Ũ֮¹֮ͷų
յӦˣע״Сʯͷϵʱ·֮ô汦֮УһεСʯͷ¹֮ΪŨȻ֪һʯͷʲôʲôãȴԿ϶״ʯͷһǲɶõ汦
ټ˺гȻȻģ⵹ùͳ˼յĹĿˡ
չ۲ôãȻ˻ᣬٿһ֣ͽԼΪóĹʽʩչˣҪ
ȻڼյĻâ֮£˲ŽһɱܣһӱѲĻâˣâȻ΢ϸǳ̺ľȴСӣâ̵˵֮Уòˡ
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һһŻΣڻΧ鲼ͷųĻââһһɵǰӸǶȳ˹
âһεˣȻʼԻâ˵ӦâϢһǰӦ˹Ѹٳűĵطܣʱ򣬻˳ˣϻ
ʱ򣬴˻ûзſץסСʯͷСʯͷһ·ݡ
Цʶɱ;㼯ľ񳱣˵ĵ·ϺȻѾƺõļգ͵ͶˣЩɱ񳱱һӰ˵
ڴʱǻ׼ȷ˵֮С
֮У͵ر΢ϸһĹâѸս˵壬ȻѲ忪ʼһʧǱи
סˣһʹൽ˼µģнк㣬ⱦҸˣˣ
˵ҲʶʱڻĿ֮£ʶԼûнҵĿԣڷ˵ֵı׼еıȫԼˡ
ǸҪҲҪˣղûԸԳЦЦȻԼľĹע֮С
еôһҲסˣڻĽɱ֮£һͷųһرֻһ⾰ͳɢˡ
һ״ʯͷôţƶյǰ
ûһѽһ״챦ģ΢΢һЦ߿ʼƶűȥ
̸ֹֻЦţʱһνһʿɱһһ챦֣ȻתĿֶ꣬һ챦ʿˡ
ûаһֳһˮʿֱնϣûһˮϽܡ
Աʿһ⽫ҪˮõΧ˹ͼȽɱȻеˮ
ֻǿһۣȻƶٶȼ죬һ˲͵һϽԼʩչһâ˱ˡ
𣿡ؿˣɱʱ׼֡
ˣȵİеҪǼճ֣Ⱦͱħˡ׼͵Ϯ޶ԣûκεϵǴ𣬵ҵǵʱȫһģȻûнôһ˸ϡ
ʱһΪԭ򣬾ȻеˮȻʲôƢˡ
Сӣ֮ǰȷǾǣһһ룬˭ǵĵǵĵˣ֮һһˣͬƵؿżգÿһɱ
ʮĺţƴˣˣһΣ
ҡҡͷ侲غˣ˳⣬
ȻѾˮȴɱˣԭΪջᶯ֣ȴûϵվȻ᲻սˣһݺݵصһۣæͼһ˿
ߣ˴ŭ׷׽Լʩչżպ׷
ǣ뿪·˵ۿͣһսæ
һʶħҪһħĿ£ҲûٺͺС˶æٶʩչظżա
̸֣ˣ;Уæߺһ䡣
ˣ̸ֹЦһͻȻԼΪһɣǷһżպѸƮ
̸ֵʵȷǿŨ֮һҪߵĻûʲôܹס
̸ѸٷɳһȺʿдԶԶظȴʼ׷ϡ
죡׷̸ֻ֣ܹҵ뿪·û챦Ҳɹ뿪ģһƣæе
ôһ˵ڽѾҪ˸ѹֱʱҲʶܹ뿪ģ̸ֻһˡôһս·ϵĶ˸һˣۼ̸ҪߣЩҲͲסˣ׷׸
ôջû̸ЦżգգۣϵܣҪûջ񣬿Ժ˵ҿԷһ
֪ջСЦЦѵ˵ܹõһ͹ˡģʵҪĿҲֻҪʶʶܹõ챦ãòҲ޷
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ţսѡյ
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ѾյǴ½һЩ˵룬׼һ԰֮Ϊǰ϶򣬶ҪǹħǴ½ʿһ徲֮ءΪǹħԳд½ħ
ĴˣûϵħȻȥ϶򣬾Ȼ϶Ϊ
Цſ̸֣յ֪ħ飬ʵ˵֮Իᵽ϶򣬻еϵ
ʲôӻ̸ִһˣʲôϵǹħʲôǼʿ϶ܲܽ
ҽʵǻѻʡ
ҳܵס˵ɡ̸ֿЦ
ȥֻǰʿĻ˵ˣܹܲŻ⣡ʵʵ˵
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֮£̸һİʿ̬϶Ѱ·
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ղ׼ֻǱعƣͻȻɫȻһ䣬ǰ·ͨɱǰɱˣ


292 
ɱһ̸ֵɫ䣬
ںЩ·ϵڶʿЩ˵п׼شħ׷󷽲ܹȴǰȴƫƫһγΣ־ֱǰ·ϱư
ҲһЩŵɱŵЩˣһǣ϶ǣ󷽵ħ͸ײˣֻҪ֮еİʿһħֻ·һǺã
ûб·ͷ̸һۣյǰǵˣܷ񻻸ݱܷâ
̸ҡͷȥǾ·ֻҪ嵽ǰгʮܹұ仯λڵĻǴߣֻͬҪǡ׼Ҳ֪һ㡣
ˡտЦ̸Ϊʲôûˡ
ǰ治ͨҲе˳ֻ֣ǰ·Ļֻǰѡһ·ˡüͷԥһɱһħǺǵġ
ҪһĻҵϣǵĵɱš٣ǻˣֻҪˣ㡭̸ֵ
һǺãǾȥǰ˺ɱ֮䴳ȥȻЩѶȣǲܵ顣
ãЩɱŵˣ̸ֹЦ
ݳȥ˲佫еľû˷Ѿ̽ܣǽеľ۵괦ʱ׼Ϯ
̸ֺ˶׸̸ֻ⣬Ų̸̶֣ԶԶˣΪṩ֧Ԯ
յжûһʧ
Ȼֻǰ˼أͼЩɱŵˣǰһƵˮ̶֮ϣɱһЩʿ
Щɱŵˣһǳ֮еĵƣǵ壬·֮УӰ˲ʧ
ս֮УԿɱŵˣһ˲䲻ټһֻ֮Щʿ֣ϿʼضЩʿչݶĹ
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ɱŵĳԱȻֻʮǣǶûڴ֮̿ĽɫӲǽһʿȵǱϵ
ÿһʿɱŵϮ֮ŤӡĨȥʱЩ͵ϮɱŵĳԱȡһڽӴıЩӴ֮ҵʧȥӡסȻ
ɱŵˣɱ֮ϵ꣬ЩΪ¾ĳִҩǵĴڣ̫ʿľ޴в
պ̸֡ˣһɱŵĸӦ֮УһɱŵĳԱЦúãΪأٺ٣û뵽Զˣ
һ䣬һɱŵĳԱͻȻڵ֮ʧˡ
Сģ̸־һϺˣһһվ˼յԣٴеľš
û뵽㻹ǵңţɱŵ˹ȻԽ˵ϢסҪɱңЩյȻһЦ߲ϵƶţѾĻΪһһɱŵĳԱ˵
̫֮ϣյӦôЩɱŵĳԱԼϢȥ֮һĺѲڼǰǵټһԡ
ϢſڼǰһƬӦһ޴ĴųֻҪų֮УܹӦؿųһһ
ⲻǰĻ꼼Ӧ̫¼
̫¼ΪΪؾ֮һóԼԪ귽ҲŶ̫֮¼Ļ꼼ǣ̫¼ĸӦȴǳԶԶЩ̫¼ͨʿ
ҵ۾ն̸֡һ
̸֡һ㶣עŵյϣȴȻڼյ˫֮ͫУؽһȥϢɱŵ˸˳
ڼյ˫֮УһԼϢصɱŵĳԱԵùأѸٳ߽ӽ
̸ֺˣͻȻˡ
ƾԼӦһɱŵϢȻֻҪҪ֪һɱŵټϼյ˫һ£ͻȫȻˡ
Ҳ˵ɱŵĳԱǵǰõġ
̸ֿЦһٿس֣ԼγϺˮ͵سһĿɱŵĳԱ
ҲҡͷʧЦһһаĵâ˲ݳ׼ޱȣͻȻͻˡ
ɱŵĳԱȻһЩ̸֡յ̸ȻȴǿԷټֻǵ̸ֹŪ飬ûķϡ
̸ֺ֮˵깥˲͵ˣһʱĵâ
һ֣ʱ̸ֵĹȻȻĵ͵һײ˵ϣˮеСϺһ޴ĳĲϵغˡ
ɵñ̸ЦһͦŵİǶ˵ع⣬ȻҪҴ˵
һЦ
̸˵Ū쳣Ǳˣش̸ֵЩ֮Ժ˵вһ·ʱϨһ㡣
СģЩˡЩ˿֪ǵټСģһɱŵĳԱ֮Լ֮УԼĻͷųҪߺ
ɱŵĳԱ˲俪ʼ׷׽עŵ˼һ˵ϡ
ȻѾ˵ҪĵˣЩɱŵĳԱһתĿ꣬ԭȵĿ굱һϲЩƺûԸЩɱŵĳԱһǸıĿ꣬Щ˷׷׾ϲ֮ɢݡ
ЩɱŵĳԱȻѾȥЩˣĿ뿪޶ԡ
̸ֵһ䣬૵ǰټϵܵӦӦÿʤЩɱŵ˵ġ
ϧǶɱŵˣؿ־塣ǱɱˣǵǱʶζ޷ʤĹЩɱŵ˵ģԣһ˺תΨһ뵽ģܣҲһɸֵģȻ
ʮɱŵĳԱÿһ˵ʵԵĻߵ˻ӦԷĳԱȻʮɱŵһǵĿ֮Ѱˡ
һ㣬Щɱŵͬһ֯˴֮䲻ĬĳЩԺʩչ꼼Ҳһǳƣ
ֻܹСˣҲɫ΢䣬ԼӦʩչ˷γųֻҪЩɱŵһų֮УͻᱻӦ
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ţ˵ٶȣֻҪܹһȱڣӦԴЩɱŵϮ֮߳ȥ
Ϊôһ㣬˲ûзɢΣٵʱ˵ҲԵ÷ǳĬֻһ֪Է˼
ʮߺţһСһ㣬סԼɡ̸֣һҳ䵱ͻߣȫʩչҷԸһѡ񵽺ʵʱʱһͳ壬лģսԼĻѸٵض̸ֶһ䡣
ʱ򣬲̸ֻ⣬յ˷ʩߣΪ޷Щɱߵȷλã
ϵͷʾףʾԼһΪؼʱ򣬸Լ㹻֧֡
ۼԼ˼ԷԼų󣬲ҽԼľʩչʼۻ꼼
ų֮Уһɱŵ˿ʼˣȻǵڶ
ЩɱŵˣϵķɢˣͼȡΧķʽȽ˰ΧȻԲ˷ˣƣӦǵĹֱغ
ɱŵ˷ɢɱҲɢˣôһֻɱŵĳԱڣǳڼ˵ĳ
ΨһҪעģѡһʱ򣬱ҪСķĸֵϮһûгΧȦķɱŵĳԱĹɱˡ
أųķԼâǱĹֶΡ
ͬʱ߲ϵر䶯ų֮еЩɱųԱϢһһ̽Ѹ׼ԶԷһ
ԽԽˡ
ʮɱŵĳԱɢڸ䣬һ£뼧˵ľ뾹ȻҲ൱
һʻɢôһ˲䣬ЩɱŵĳԱ֮䣬·һεŦͨεŦʮ˵·˹ͨ
ڼյΧһĻεķȦôˡ
ȻЩɱŵĳԱȷſԽ˴֮һķĻηȦĳ֣һӴ˼յļƻ
ڣ൱ЩɱŽϵһԲεķȦЩɱʮ˵һҪӦʮĹͬ
ʱ˿̣ͽȻ
ɱŵĳԱһȦѸٳ˱ƽЩɱųԱϵѹʼԽԽǿˡ
ҵֵʱһȦһȵЩɱŵ˱ƽһ룬ȵȳֵĻô˾Ҫùˡ
ʱ򣬲̸ֻˣȻס˵ŵùգΪտ϶ڹؼʱָһ·Ϊˣ˲ŽԼȫڰصȺţȺԼյѶš
Բܹ˵ΣҲԲܽԼЩУ˺ģͻȻԼ
ӴľͻȻղˣеľڶһɱŵĳԱϣЩĻâҲһ߷ֱһɱŵĳԱɱȥ
ôһ˲䣬ԼյĸֹͻȻĿȫһڼǰɱŵĳԱ
͵Ļâʩչôһ˲䣬еľˣȻǹעһˡ
ôӴ֮£˵ЩܲסˣȻʮγȦմ󲿷ֵˣǣʹ꼼ȴͻȻ룬ã
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һϿʼƿʶıϢҸݳԱԼѶš
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Щ˵һߣʱ˿̣ʹĽ걬ըһЩɱŵˣؽһ꣡
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ЩɱŵĳԱҲ֪׵ˣ϶Լջôһ˲䣬ʮγɵȦͻȻѡ
һĿĹԣǰը˵ȷѿҵ겨ͷſЩɱŵĳԱȵĲòʱ뵽Զĵط
ߣڴʱմһ
ƴ̸ֺˣٿؽԼȫǿƥֱߣǰȻȥ
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ôһ˲Ŀ϶̸ֺͼա˻ᣬͬʱԼ߷˼£Щɱ֮ӹ
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պˣ̸֪Ϥ֮еһУҲֻиſ뿪ģ»صı档
̸ʵ֮Уķɿ죬֮е谭˵˿ã̸ֻŷλǶеһжָƵġ
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ܿأ̸Ҵһصĵشż˾ϵشţ¹֮ͬΪŨȻ˶ûϾȥһС
ͻȻʧˣֻԼȻһȻͻȻԼʯ֮С
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Ϊʲôңⷭ˸ۣһǲʡ
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СˣȻǳ𣬺ߣ֮аʱҲûмôҧҧ
ҼǵأǺǻ˶ǵЦЦյҲ㣬Ϊ͸֧ºܻøջ񣬸οһֱ֮У֮꣬£׺֮ںϣ
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ʱһҲ߳ͨһΣ̸ǰڵڶ
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룬Ӧ÷ֿʱˡ⿴̸֣ͻȻһȻʲôˣǵȷҪ׼غһЩ
С㣬Һ׼رȽϺ𣿡̸װߺߵȻһ˵Ķٻعأ׼أȴأֻҪɡ
Ҿ̫ˣԶԸ׼أһΣҾָҪ׼ⱰСɱ̸ֺ޺޵
Ҫֿһˣ˵Ļһȸɵ׼أȻһЦȻ𱨵Сˣ׼صһ磬ԺȻ֮ϳûУܹԶ֮С
հ˼ţһ֮ϵʱ򣬻ɱ׼ؾһĿꡣ
ϵܣոմæûüѯʹħ飬Ӧûˣ뿪֮ǰ̸ܷһ̸ǹħ飿̸ʡ
Ҳǳ棬˵ħڶˮƹһŰ˭ƲסƵģôҲʡ
ȻǸȤҾͽħϸǽһ顭ճ˵Լڹħ˽⣬͹ħһЩѸٵ˵һ顣
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ĿһװСʯͷžĻָ˼һ״ʯͷʲô;
Ͼֻǲŵ֮ϣܶ鶼һԯںܶʿǰЩȴûж໨ʱ֮ʲôطҪעģЩ˵꣬ѾҪ̫ܾ֮ñѾͽһи˼գԶöһЩ״
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һһ飬̶һʱ֮ڣڼյǰѾѻʮԪˣ
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Ȼ֮İķǳˣдϲ
֮Ժľˣӣζ޾֮еĻ꼼ζ޾֮УԴϸʱ䣬ζľ磬˴ȵߣ


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Ժ󣬵ڶѨվԼ꾫ҪκʱҪŨ񣬽ĸӦſԯеһһȫĵףڵһЩľܹĲ
һ·죬صףһֱԯȵĵص
һޱӴ壬ݷԯȵص֮Уֱֲֿüղ󣬷·𡭡ǧ֮һӴ󵽲˼ĵز
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Ϊֱգд½滹ûʲôвʥޡ
ʥݷԯȵصǳ˯һûΪĿ̽ʲôӦĬĬڵص֮гš
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Ѫ۴һЩɵĸ֣Ĵ׷ɱһڶĹħ˵Ѫεҵħϧɱ֮Ѫۻûܹħ
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ľôһ˵ղɳһŵͷľޣȻʱԯȱϵʲôҪֱ˵ܹľԲƴǡУǱߵסĦ̣ԯݱܣҳʱصעǱߵ顣
ЩľǸȷõһЩ̲ܶȱؼкܶؼǳľԯ֮ȻԺͰϵΪЩؼʵ̫ˣǴҽؼͨŸӥ֮ĴѶߴȥ
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㼱ʲôݺݵص˰һۣһˣ˵ʲô
УҪȺ̸á
ǸҲе顣Ǿޱڿˣ֮ǰԵ÷ǳţȻһڣȴͻȻſˣԵô
׼ͺһȥСļգͻȻסˣɫжŹ־жŹ֣棬ٿ㣬пǾޱЦõǡǵ
մ磬Ǳչأ㣬л˵
ҲǡǾޱٵӣͬ
ӥ֡һˣһͻȻĿɿڴձֻ˵ΣҪܾжܡ


294 
ӥֵ㿴ңҿ㣬ΣҪ뿪ȴЩģӲͷƤ˵ܡ
ӥһ֮ԻȫȻΪ˶ĽĶ󣬶ֱӲȡӵ̬ȣǽеעȫе˼յϣеζ֪ˡ
ӥٲҲй
Ǿޱ桢һļʵǷǳۺΣ񼧳ջء
ЩսΪԯȡ˳棬Ŵԯȶɹѹأκԯȵˣ׽յԯڣղĺģǵļڼյǰǷġ
ôһϵڣӥһˣ϶ҶԼ˵Щʲô
ڼֵ֡ܣ͸ӲôˣףܹнʱյĵλΪյĴڣһ뼸ǰɽʱΣһԯеĵλֵܻʲô˵ģ
ˣЩˣһɬôؿŮΪ˼࣬ȴû˭Աʾʲô
桢㡢ǾޱŮһվȫ䵽յϣһżվģ
ȥɽСˣԼŰɣʵڲ֪Ӧô֮ľˡտŮ˰죬ҲҲʲôõĽ취֮£ֻܹ²ߡ
һ䣬ҲŮô룬Ȼ¥ݳȥһ˲ʧټ
ˣ¥֮Уֻһƽ¥֮ݺݺ

԰֮СǺ˹ھɣСĴǺйأƽԪá
С󣬺ˮȴ峺ޱȣǾޱ֮󣬻˺ܶྫС棬Χֲ˺ܶĻľСΧŪ÷ǳľ
Ǿޱᰲɽˮľӵĵطľ࣬ΪˣڶŮˡ
һʮ׸ߵţտǰ峺׵С΢΢üͷΡ
ףǾޱ桢ŮԼ϶̸ʲô¡
ŮǶЩøУǾޱᣬֱˬɰƤŮ˼Ȼ˼ûзⷽ棬һҪǿϣܹΪ⹫ЩʲôϾȥԼĸ¡
Ǿޱ桢Ůһж뷨ǵ󣬻мĳߴ٣ԭ֮£Ů϶Թ
֪Ůܽɱ̹Ȼ˵һЩЩ˵ܻ˺Է˵ĻҲͬһ˺
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ܿأһŮǽһЩصġ
ֱȻŲڰٻаȻ˫ֻǣȴ˪·ǷǮһ
˼ǰͻȻͣؿżգգǲǺܽΪ㣬ںгɾ͸У
ȻЦõûֻǡֻǾЩͷۡ
ͷʹһмķǰɣѵ˻ͷŮ˶ࣿҾͲˣ
棬㵽˵ʲлֱܲ˵ƺûʲôطɣҼǵǰڵѹȵʱҹϵҪãΪʲô⼸̬Ȼôı仯ӲͷƤʡ
Լ֪
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ЩҧҡȻҲûʲô뷨ûУұܾ֮󣬱ôңУǼһֱ뷨˶ƤҪ㣬ҡûҪҡҺ治֪߳ܣС
ӦǱһһԶԹй˳
տЦеĻ˵ȻʶջΪԼϲǡǾԼľܾӣǸܽˣһʧܣһ޴ĳ衣
˵Ӧô죿üͷֻ֮ͨͨѹϵ˵У֮˵ôˣѵҪģ
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ˣ֡΢ͻȻһֵУʧҪ⳥ң
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ȥҼ˵˵ҪҺؼҽףһ
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Ȼ˼һ£ȻЩŹ֣Ҳûеԥһ£ջ˵ͷҵǿԴӦ㡣
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ͺãͺãôһ˵ڷæˣ֪ôˡģһͺز˵ģҵܾҡ
Ȼ˵ͷһ˿ϲɫˣҵô࣬ȥӦǰɡ
һ仰˵꣬浱תͷҲصسź󷽵Ļ԰ȥڶӽûڻ֮С

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ıһȸԾģ֮󣬰һСյԴԣѹʣǻŮոպ˵ʲôǲǱȢ
һԼǳ׵ӣҸ㣬ѾͷƢǳãѪɽʱ򣬺ܶ׷ļһﶼùˣҪǺߵһұ֤һ군ˡҸ㰡𿴺ƽʱһģʵŮˣϴţųˣУϲҷƨ㲻֪
ȿȣͷʹޱȣŰ˸߲ҵ˵źĻͣͣͣ
أմ磬Ĳ֪Ѿͷִ˲룬˵ͷϣԲֹͣ
㣡ٸҷ̰ңҷɱ㲻ɣԶܻػļֱҪˡ
һͷһӣæ죬˺һ૵ŮȻµҪ˵Ļ
һ£㿴żգߵ׼Ц֪͵Ȼң̫ȱˣ
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룬ЦһͷһԼ˵ѾͷԶ˰ɣ
šտЦã˵һֱ¥ߣ̫ȲˣûеԶͿʼ˵ŻᱻѾ¥Ӧˡ
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ֻͷƤ飬ĵ˭ҪǵѾͷ׼úùѾͷһ̫һ㣬ۼƺˣæϣûбĻǾͱ˵ˣǾޱɡ
У㼱æĿڣ˵ǾޱЩһ֪ɣʵĳëǻŮء֪֪ǾޱΪʲôôϲ
һ϶֪ӣȼջش˵Ҹ㣬ʵǾޱкҷǳأǲ֪İһ첻Щ滨ͿĨţ֮ⶼܹŵ֮⣬ǾޱʵǸ䵭ӣ
Ű㽲ռֱҪѪˣѾͷʵ̫ˣʹǾޱйΪ롱ĽӴôһ˵п϶е뷨
㣬ǵ̸˽ˣһȻļҥȥɣ
һЦһ׾ͺõģȻ˵Լɬմ磬ҵ˵ӣһк
մſڣȻ׵ˣȺ滹СһЩᣬʲôҽ
ã֪ˣ֪򣡻кܺúǿ󣡡տϲŮȻȥɡ
һеôϲŮģ˵˵
ˣ̸ѹ̫ˣȻȥɣǲһ·ˡռֱҪˡ
̵ģƴˣʧ㰡ҪúˡСֹţü̵رϺĺ󳾡

ֹһǾޱͷ
ͽȻһЩ
Ů֮УԼΪԲǾޱȥĵʱϵضǾޱһЩ̫飬Ǿޱ뾻ݵδޣȴڽ֮ǰΪӳҶҵĴС㣬һ˴ԯ֮УΪԯȾľʵ¡
һΣһЩж
ǰǾޱ̧ͷһЦոն˵ʲôѾͷ˽̻ˣʲô߰Ļҽġ
˭̻ˣȻ
˭ӥ£ǾޱЦЦӥһӻˮѾͷǵ죬ոŭ죬ҪӥˣҾ֪϶˵ˡ
˵ͷյ˵ˣ˵ųҷƨ
꣡Ǿޱ̿סЦҽأô˵ҵģ
˵кҪû֭ͿĨУ˵䵭ϲŮˡƲƲ죬ԼЦˡ
Ǿޱߺ죬һ䣬ͻȻ̧ͷûк롭ĳӦ֪ɣ
ȿȣβѣȥǾޱҶСŪĺܺãԯӦúʺ㡭
Ǿޱ˼һۣ⣬ȴ˳Ļ˵ѽҺϲԯȣһúɣʹʹĳ˲ңҲãĽһ㣬ʱʱһ棬Ҳ͹ˡ
ͻȻǳж˫ӣ˺һ
ǾޱôֻҪֻҪߣ룬һһֱ£Ҫκγŵ
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УǾޱͻȻضĻľϲˣ㹻ˣ
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ǾޱȻȥ
մؿıӰûл
һŮˣͻȻ䣬ĳĵطݺݵشһ¡

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ɽˡɡһˣԯվţĬĬصȺʲô
һ˹ɨһۣʵýĶ˰ɣ
İɣ˵鶼˵ˣֻҪûйħвڣԯȲõʲôοǺɽңңӦҪ˸ԯȵңҲֻֿԵķݶЦŵ˵ͷʾ⼧赣ʲô
ǾͺãǾͿԷ뿪ԯˡյ˵ͷɫȻǱʼϵضԴʿɡ֣֣ƺʼסʿˡ
ȷӦǰô뱱У˵
ȻˣǾͳɡձͷųصĪ£Īţھͷˡ
ȥɣСһ㡣Ī´ؿ⺢ˣһﵽĳɾͣǷǳο
˼ЦЦĪҲСһЩȥˡ

ԯһξ룬һǰģԯȵĸ֡
а֮ҵɽˣڵĹɡк磬֮⣬ҡڻʮ֮ĸָţһˣûһʿԽǳµݺա
֮ĸֻ֣ҪʩչǳУٶҪԶԶ߹ֻܹ֮½ʻˣԯ뿪֮һֻǻСʱ䣬͵ˮƹˮǡ
ˮ֮У¼ҡμҡ»ڵĸѾԼȺˣ¼ҡμҡ»ڸʮ֮Ϊг¼ҵļ»ڵİײ׺Գ档
ռ˾Υİš
ŻôᾲղԼͻȻˣֳżҡҡ
Ҳ޵֮Ȼֻǳžȴʽ̤һ㾳磬˵ŵʺˡ
ײ׺΢΢һЦôô⣬СӣӶ֮չأҲ»ڿǺǣǼѾͷϵء
Ҷ̸أЦһ
ãҲ˵ˡײ׺֣Ц
ǰԳ¼ҵļаײ׺һЩһһƣҶ֪ˣϻҲ˵ˣһȥΪ˳ңֻΪյİΣΪֺ
ɫһ׷׵ͷʾס
ʱʲô飬·˵ˡֵ
Ψհһͷûһ顣
ԴӻʸҺ൳ϳˮƹ֮󣬶μҡ¼ҡ»ڼˮƹɣһͬˮƹЩ˲żüãǰʸҵʱǵѾڳڵҪְ񣬻ʸ군֮ǵְλֻһˣڹĴᳵ·ûһѶȡ
ˮƹĳȻɼϹǶμҡ¼ң»ڣˮƹ˭Ļá
ԯȵǿɽʵΪۼһˮƹеϮˣμҺͳ¼ڹڳĴ´֮ϣǻѯԯȺɽ˼
ԯȻɽԼǣʸһʹǧټǼķչ
˵Ϊĵطİ֪ԼܵӦеӺ𾴣֪ǺԯȺɽ֮ĹϵжУǵԻʸĵ»ʸⷢǡ
ǺϲڵҲ֪֮ڣˣܵԯȴϢ֮ûκϣЧʷǳ졣

һˣŴķȥպͰһ
Եİţշǰһûʲô仯֪ΪʲôͰһúܷɣ·еİ˸ȥһ
ŷǳڶľһ·ϾͰżյĽյĵطŴʾľţȴԶ˵ʲô
ЦŽһ˵һ飬յ˵ǰһʱԯȣʱ֮꣬ûвĵǱǸõһӡ
û£Ҳûʲô£ֻǡ·ԯȣ͹ȥˡЦЦ뵽ʲôʵˣԯȵʱ򣬺ǾޱסһǶŪĺƯû뵽ԯھȻôõĵط滨ݣκεطĶҪء
һ£Ц˵ؼҵС㣬Һ̸أҪ飬һڹڶһʱء
һ㶣кȻЩ˼
Ҳֻ΢Ц
һЦЦѽǾޱǱߴĺܺãǺǣӥҶ绹磬йڵһЩ˶ǳϲǶû¾Ƕء
ҵ֪ġŵ˵ͷЩһȥǱߵĿĿɲʻĿ˶
Цŵ˵ͷ
ͻȻֱżգװصЦհǾޱ桢ѾͷǶ硢ǣܹ˹أ
Ҳ֪տЦ
ҿѾͷǶǷǳѽʱʱػ̸۵㣬һγأû㣿ʵ
˼䡣
Ŷ

һĬ
׽㣬һ֮ϣõһС⣬ӦЩ;ӽӴ֮Уһ¾óֵݸţ˵ֽ֮Уžۼ¹֮Ǻǣ»ؾΪ⣬һ¾٣Ӧá
¾٣ƺʲôطֽȻüͷȥ롣
ʱ򣬱Ӧڶǰİײ׺ͻȻʲô۾ȻһϽӰ͡
պͰˣɵԵʱ򣬰ײ׺΢΢һŰе¾٣Ŷõʲô
̧ͷֵؿһԵ˵¾٣ҽ֮У׼ԡ
¾٣¾٣ײ׺ͻȻһ˫⣬ضŰе¾٣һ˼ģ
֮е·ģ˵¾ٶЧۼ¹֮Ǻǣ׽Ӧã׽ˡЦЦ
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žһæҪ¾ٻգգⶫ̫ˣҲܹգ㻹ջȥɡ
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˵һ¾;ر¾ֻܹ¹֮ʥ֮ѪĹЧֱʮǧˡ
ŶȻǳյһƬ⣬°ɡײ׺ؿżգһŶ԰˵
˵ͷ
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գһ񣬡Ҳ̫ˡײ׺żգЦ»λر
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˵һ¾ٻ㲻ʲôȻ»˵¾ٵ;ɾʹˡײ׺ȻȱҪõһ¾٣Ҳðսģϧȴڲҵɱ֮ˣ֮ܿȥˡ֮ǰ¾٣˵о¾ٶ»ڵá
»ֻҪа֮ʿ֣Ȼȥ̽Ѱ¾٣Ȼÿһ֮е»ڵİʿһ񡣻һЩˣҲ֮УҲûл˵¾ٳ˶»ڵȷİ֮⣬ǵһּУһԸ
ײ׺ôһ˵ղһЩԭȻġ
գԺҪ»ʲôǶжײ׺ɫ»ڵĵȴҲΩǴӣ
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ײ׺΢΢һЦͻȻգŶ
ܺð׽ܺðôһ
Цŵ˵ͷײ׺գҰŶ㣬Σ
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ڰţжٵȷЩ뷨Ҳ֪ƺƺҲֻһлû֤ʱҲûⷽ˼ֻҪЩǿϣܹΪԯΪԵЩʲô
ô㲻ϲŶײ׺üͷһ壬ЩɻʣĵôĶͳѵûһ뷨
˼ֻǡֻڡڻû뷨⡭飬ϲһƾо£̫ϲ˶ӲͷƤ
ϲŶҾãŶҲϲ㣬ⲻˣʲôײ׺ˡ
ʱû뷨ҺͰ׽飬ϣҺͰ׽Լ֪һ⣬Ҳϲ㸸׵ݣѹ׽㣬ϣΪͰ׽Ϊжʧȥжյ
ЩˣĪ뷨ȴأ治֪ôġײ׺ҡҡͷεˣȻô˵ҾͲˣˡ
һ


295 
棬һԭֵĳǳءǡ
ǴΪٽĳУǳȡԭǰٵ˼ϧⱱǴͲ
һֱ˵ΣرפձܱӵϮӽ񣬱뱱УйαǵľˣԱǵİ˵ΪµĪڱһֱǶסİջȫӱǳ룬һ̡
ÿһδս٣ȵùıضǱǸһЩ䣬ǻ˯֮УͱľӸԶĴȥ
ıǣѾûƽգɱɱŵ˱ǣǵĳǽʱĿ꣬õģѾ̫ܲĴݲˡ
󲿷ֵıѾǲ˱ǣϣܹάֱǵİһδεսɱѾôı̫ࡣ
Ҫˮƹڹؼʱɳǰ֧ԮڵıǣѾ뱱Щˡ
ǵ֮䣬Ǳɽɽ֮һЩʿɼ嵹Ҳ٣ͱǵƽһЩڴʿɡһꡣ
ӽǵʱԱʿ֣ǿʼԸʿɺͼɨǻδݣЩɡѾҪˡ
ʮСɡСڱЩ˳ʿ֮£ţ𣬶̶̼ʱ䣬Щɽ֮еĴʿһˡ
Ӻͱǵɱʱ֮ɽУʿ֮ɱҲûͣЪսϣ֮ĹЩɽд
һһͿء
Ӳ˼ңʿ塢ɸӲ˼ңνսûʤ˾
սڼɽ֮ʿ֮Ľ棬ݱĽţΧɱСģײÿһնڼÿʱỵ̈ɽ֮ж˫ʿ
ڴطʿ֣˷㼯Ϊ˴İգΪ˴ʿսǰͺ̵ؽ಻ɽ֮С
ǻܿΪʬ壬ʮĿ޴һ˲³ΪıԴ
ӽ棬ʿʿսĹ˶ڹעһսҺоʿɡĸ֣ɢޣҪǣ಻ɽ֮Уʿ
˶ֻ֪Ҫܹʿ֮սлʤܹסҡ

һΡĸ֮ۡУӰϵһص߳ȥҲ˻˵
ۡ룬֮ڶʹҲǴ˷ȱ첲ȵ˲Щˣڴʿɼĺ֡
ռʮĶ䳡֮УضԱЩĮȻŵϢˣʿۼҪôţҪô޵ߺţһӪ
ҡξټҡɡΪڵĸּѾۼССɵ˸࣬䳡ϱضˡ
ɺܰʧȥƽĴݣüչһϣԣξԪơЩĸ֣Ҳгҵİʿһȫһƣģ
ǳɺܰүү۷֮Ѿε̫Ҳһ˵䡣
ɫأܱߵһˣѾʧʿˣʿʮˣʿʮˣȥǰ취
ȫǳĬɫһһѿ
ܰˮƹһϢûԥһڻεʵ
ɺܰɫį¶һԳĿЦǱߴԹ˲ϾͲָˡˮƹ
ɺܰ̾һŵ˭ϵһսǻʸһͿأѺ˱˻ʸңڵˮƹѾԯȵˣǻǲŹء
оӹ𣿡üͷЩڴʡ
Ӻʿһ¡ɺܰҡҡͷ˭֪սֻʿ֮սϻʤĻʤܹ𵽵ã΢΢˵ˣ˶ƽ׳ѵɣ˺ײ䣬һʿĳɳҪķ̫һһ塢˵Ǿ޴ʧ񣬻ûһˮƹʿ˵ˡ
ҲһΣҡͷ̾ϢңҵйǣҲ̫һ㡣ҪȻҲӡ
ǶΡɺܰ˿ǳƺξԪ̾ǽұ˳ȥںҲˡ
ֲֲԷ̫ˣսȥʧӲء̧ͷ˳һۣͻȻɫһݣҧǱסˣǲʱأȻȣЩʿأʱҿǳ治棡
˵һһأվͲˣҲˡ

һˣ̸ŸӦЩԱʿϮϧȥҲ벻ʲôõ
ϾǵʵȷԶԶѷɫ뱱
һĪչĳͻȻһ˿¸УͻȻվɫޱȵء
ôˣүүɺܰϷӦ˹׷ʵ
һ֣˱ǣһЩʵǳǿǳţʱǱǵģ֪ǲЩˣǣ˵׼󹥻ˣ
ͻȻȫҲû˻Ͼ׷վһһɫѿ
ɨһۣҶСģе˱ˣԷǿȫ
䳡еˣĻ˵ģһӽһƿڴЩ˲أȫʼ
һʱ䣬䳡ϼɹЩľһ˲·նʧȥɫǵĩˡ
䳡ģɫ򶨣Ѿȫۼʱ׼Ӧκεͻ¼
ʱһֱڸ߶ȼе״̬ÿһʱ̶ڵģ磬ķѲ٣ȫľһͻȻЩƣʶԼΪϢǿӲҲҪ֧Ųסˡ
аһ䣬ǿž񣬾ĬĬصȺţȺ˵ĵ
ܿأɺܰǰ˵ѹˣ˶ʶ˵ĲͬѰۡ˿ʼԽţ˵עˣѾʼ׼ֶԸˡ
ͻȻ䣬ɫЩɻ󣬻ʾ֣ͣٶȷŻˣƺƺûͻȻֵĴ㡣
ôˣ϶ǵˣΪǿɡŵ
飬õ˵ϿɣЩ˵ұ̫ˣսѾݻǵǣֻгޣΪĳޣʱܹɽһ
һȡܾ飬üͷһɻ󲻽ģ૵˵˵ǵء
ʱˣʲô˻ſЦεǹڵһЩˣĶˣģʱҲˡȻѾȥ޾ѰЩεĹڸ֣ҲҪʱ䰡
ٿһɣ֮Сľˡ
Σֻͬ飬ӲͷƤжϡ

һѿسĬͻȻһ˴ҴҶڳǰͰ͵үиԳƼյ
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ȥӭӣһ£ͻȻ˷ܵǸתǴþ
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ѾҪˣԯ˵Ϣû˭ģһЩˣЩƩɺܰͳƵˣֶԸңȻҲûʲôʧǺҽˡ
ԯȵһӣ񼧳ˣҲпܻ֣ǷǳΪ顣
ȻɺܰԸǰЩҲûвԥڳ֮£ֱȥ

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һҵˣǻǲҪ̫ʢ˵ĺãЩҵտɽˣЦ˵Ȼʵ䳰ȷҲǺǣӦⷽľġ
ҵȷΪҵСǼ꣬òǨƵԯȣ˵ɽһ㲻⣬϶ǲʵġ
ڼǧǵӣӦҲǹ֡
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ģǿ϶ҼƨҪȻҾ군ˡȻʧЦԵĳɭҹľӣûбڻҰɣ
ɭҡҡͷȻزٸҴ˼Ҳ֧ŲˡĺˣǵܵΪ¡صĶԴҪǸˣϰվܰǸ
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ôһºӦʵˣӦҲˡɭЦЦ

һ˽Ĺǳͳɺܰˣڳǰ
һֳɫ˼յǰֻȺпһۣҵĿ꣬ɽ֣һε飬ҳҵĲǣҳҳϿҵǵǸ
ơšξԪһˣǳɺܰһسϿң׷׹ˡɽⲻǡ
΢΢һЦûж˵ʲô
ɽߺߵ飬һǸͿԽңΪǳҵıȣò뿪ǶмҲܹ飬飬ôһЦɣ
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֣ȷǳҵĲǣңΪ˳İգġû㡣ʾǸ⡣
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λһԯȵļүɣ˳ɽĿҵĿ꣬үܹǰǳҳҸм
գһˮǵ飬ǳҶԲ㡣ɺܰͻȻǰһһɫؿظͦţһˣ㴦ãʲôҶж
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һͷɫϥǡⲿͼ򴦣Ȼẉ̂ͫҲǰɫԣʮòһֱػм䣬ĬĬؿǰ
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ٺ٣ҵأֻ棡٤ȻһЦͻȻóһ֪޽ǣյ߾͡ء
ֻһһͱ뺷òʿ׷״ԶЩʿ֮УһЩŮ˵òұһشԲű¶ޱȡ
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ЩԱʿһϡŹֵ˷ܣһѪҰ޵ײģ
ЩòұŮˣҲĿ¶׹⣬׷ȡѪ߰ߵı׼ɱɱ


296 ɫƣ
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һƬ಻ɽ֮УԷʵҪԶԶ߹ڳߣǰʿԷʮһ
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Щĸ֣Ȼԯȵ֮Եû򶨣ϲԷһ㣬ǵԶԶԷ
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˻⣬Դ˵öܹ鲻ÿԯȵˣǰ̽·ںűǡ֮ľ뱣ֺãʱӦ޷ˡ
áðɡδӦ
մɽЩԯȵĸ֣ͻȻЩ֮뿪ǰһٵɽ֮С
Сӣǹڣƺûʲôöĸְɣ㲻ᣬǺЩһİɣһΧûˣ¿
˵Ҳһ󲻽ģһֵؿżգʵգôһ£ǹڣƺȷûʲôöĸְɣôѶʩչ
ЩУ֪ĵʱרйŵĶĶŵȻʲôط
û£ŪͺˡЦЦ˵ĵʱ򣬴ǶѧЩʹķá
գСһ㣬𱻶ˡԵЩš
ЦЦյõģҼȻã϶еյģֻܷıǣŵʹֶ϶ܹó
ô˵ţմӽӴ֮ȡ˼ƿƿ޹ޣӰ磬ΧϷԾеĶʩչ
֮뵽ŵĶԸЩĸ֣Ϊշһα˲Ҳ٣ǼЩĸ֣ҪǺͱӲӲĶսҲûа߾ܹȡʤ
пܵľ˫ƾУʧأǻʤˣҲǲʤ
ϾˮƹǰսɲȫˣȻɽ֮нսʲôֶζʩչôöȷһԽ˽͵ĺ÷
ôĥ£ҲǸˣһ˲мΪֶ֮Σһ㲻ʲô׵ģֻҪܹΪԼ˵һݱϣ֮ʿмʹõֶΡ
ԯ˵ע֮£ֻշɳǰ֮ϣȻһ˲ʧԶɡ
һ۾ҪʩչȴѸٵķɶûгʲôɫĶ̳ҲΧٺͿʲôرı仯һжԵúѰѰǾüǹŪ顣
߸㶨ˣǻطԶ֣ʾ˸
Щԯȵĸ֣һԥЦ˵Ÿոսͷų߹ȥ𣿡
ײ׺ЩˣҲһΪȻģ׷ҡͷʾǻ·Ƚ׵
ȻʧЦģȻͷųˣٻҪһʱŻЧ˵ˣĴ˸ҲµġǺǣˣЩѰǵټ֮Щܹá
ôһ˵˲Űӵǲٵˣһżȥ·;ǺشܣҪʲôϸ΢ı仯
ˣǶܹóҲǰæˡЦЦһЩЩҲкɣȵǰæˡ

ʱ֮
ɫƣһϣĬĬصϢţ˺һĳһ˲̵عһĵģҪܱߵΣ»ᱻʲôֶŪˡ
֮󣬳һۣɻˣ
˵˵ͷɫ糣Ц˵˵ˣһ·Ͼĵطͷ˶
ôûʲô仯Ҳûʲôʡ
Ҳ֪˿Ц˵ĿǰЧֻеЩӹ֮󣬲ܹĳЧ
ļٵİɺܰǹŹ֣һ̫ŵģ
ߣԶİŵ˺ߣƳ˳ɺܰһۣŲš
ɺܰȻŰſһۣЦҴˣҲûӢļүţҿţЩһȫǵ󡣡
رͷȥһôӡ
ơһˣҲ뿪ˣɵĴ޴ǰҲˣپöʲôá
ʱһͨ˾ͻķſĽᣬڵšʼЩ𲻵ˡ
ߵʿǵ˵ԵðŰɣкܶüǹŪ飬Ϊһ·˿ı仯ûпκε쳣Ϊˣˣɼ˵

һջָ˾񣬿˶ĵɻһۣǾȺѾϢԵ¶ȥˣ룬ЩҪ˶ãͻ·ˡ
ɫһһһʿѿڶǸôǺã
򵥣ЦЦյŰɣЩˡ
˾ѵӦЩʲô
ʼ磬յģѾˣڴֻҪúϢˣϢЩӹ
һ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôģ
ԯȵĸ֣ȻһЩɻ󲻽⣬ȴûгɣ׷ԭϢˣĬĬصȺűӵĵ
ߵˣɫŹ֣һٳ޷ԯȵһϢӵһұĽģֱֱǷԯȵˣѾȫ״̬֮һҵطϢ

ɳɳɳɳɳ
ͣ

΢ĽŲӶҶƮشԶ˵Ķϡ
ĬȻϢĸ֣ȷԶ΢ЩŰ֮ĸ֣һӽǴЩ֮УѾжϳ˵ˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩӵȷȻзôϢȥ
ȻһֱĬȻϢȻǵȴûţͷ˳ȥع۲ţϧǵȴûзʲô쳣Ȼֻܹ֪ͨԷټ
ʱѾҪǰˡ
ۣЦſǳһۣĸֺһףǿ鱦ǵϷγԵϣǵӸӲؽضˡ
ˣȻվȴЩ˷ܣã
Ӧж˰ɣϣѾ˴ˣɺܰڴżգЩǲѾжˣ
Цŵ˵ͷһصеĴ󲿷˶˶
һڴ֮һɨգȺЩֵĵ

һʱ䣬һһıʿʼֳ֮ߴСɽһǰ
ϡŹֵıˣòԵĲ죬ЩӲͷ۾ɫ˲һһЩ˻ẓ̇Դмǣë׵β͡
ڱຮ֮شľˣӿߴ󣬼ʵֶӵĻ֮£ǵĴӶĥʿ֮֮ϣЩҲڽԼĥĵǹ룡
һһıˣڼյǰųһУѪɱ¾
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ĵĴʿǿżգһôûõģ
үôһ£ȻͻȻЩ
ҩЧС˵㡣չЦЦԵñǸָܹܲҩˣһƾɡ
˻һ˵ľ
ԯȵĺܶˣһŹ֮ı飬ͻȻüպǿ˸Ц
˭˭ǣ٤׹⣬ɫߵɨһۣߵȻҷȻǻĲͷˣ
ѪƣЦЩСĳˣôˣ
٤Ц٤ޣ˵ͷ
˭٤޴żգߵûмɣ
ЦЦ٤Ȼǽ˰޾ʱҼǵ˵ǻټġڱʱɱҹôʿ㾹ȻôͽˣӦûнԼ˵ˡ
ԭ㣡٤һԭͲӢȻŤ类һŭҰޣصżգ죬ͻȻЦգҪ㣬û뵽Լˣ
Ҳܸܹ㡣ϵЦݻؿ٤ޣڱʱ˵һټ㣬һɱ㡣죬ҶŵԵʱ򣡡
٤ָżգЦɱң
ǵģɱ㣡ɫԽԽƽɫĮһ˿ֻʱѾѾ٤סˡ
ã٤޴ЦţָżգҺС֮ս˭׼֣
ǱߵʿһЦŵͷ׷µƨԯҳϡãܹͱԴ棬뿴ԯԽʲôͬ
˽ʱ򣬻ǣһѪײеģ
ģһ㿴һĻģ٤޴ЦţͻȻһ֣СǱ֮⣬˶ɱ⣡Ҫһ죬Ҫɱ
ɱɱ
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ԵЩʿͬ˼ײҰ޳һɱڿУǺĽţա
ԯȺʹߵˣѾĴңȫעе߷˳ʱ׼ƴˡ
һ˲䣬˫ĸֱսһ𣬲п֮ս˳
һƬڽ֯ĹâͿըײ֮£ϿʼŨ̹ܱߵľ˲䱻״ݻ٣ڼļСɽڱֵĺ֮£ȻֱӴıˣ˴֮С

٤ץѪ߰ߵһЦżյڱʱˣһΣҿ㻹ܹʲôطӡӵʲôطǾѪϴʲôطգ㲻ǼҵԯҵҪԯǲ紫ǰ
Ҹ㿴ˡһ٤Ӱ죬ҫȡ֮󣬾ôݲȵ٤ޡ
٤Ϊҹ֮Ȼȱ챦İ٤ȻΪײޱȣ츳ӦòҪȻô̵ʱͻƵ֮
ͬڰ֮٤޿϶ҹ֮챦ҲһϰҹؼȷһֵһսĶ֡
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٤ЦżգֶΣҲҪң
ô˵ţ٤˫ضżգ۾֮УͻȻ̹ðݳЩ̹֮Ӱĳѣε˯
Է飬Щ˵ȷóö٤е̹֮ͫðݳЩ̹ƺ׻޹ŪЩ֮
ɫƽ۾٤޵涾ĻԶˡ
̫¼İֻת£Ͳ٤޵Ӱ죬ʥѪڶֺ
һеҫͷ˳ȥֱ٤ޱȥҫڰ֮еʱ򣬽һѪ֮˱˽ȥҫ֮УȻͻȻӳһ޴ޱȵĵâ
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٤Ȼ壬ؿŵâӽҵԯȷЩŵ
ô˵ţ٤޿ʼ߷ҹľҹĻ꼼٤Ժֻǹһ飬٤޲׼ԼԪҹؼʩͻȻƺһĸоԪľۼٶȣ͵طŻࡣ
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ҵҵҵԪƲסˣ
ģô

ͻȻ䣬Щҹĸ֮УһӴ˾Щҹĸ֣·һ˲伯ĳֲֹ㣬׷׽
ʱ򣬴ԯȵĸ֣Ͽʼû֣Щҹĸչ˷Ĺս֮УһССͿԵ½ĸı䣬οصΣ
ôһ˲䣬ʮĸֱɱˡ
ߵˣͻȻ۾׷׽Ŀ䵽յϣǾϲ


297 壵ļ
ЩϵĶûз֮ǰ߲ռݵϷ磬ԯȺˮƹĸּ룬˫Ҳֻǿƽְˣ˭Ҳռٱˡ
һʼʱ򣬳ЩĸûнϣڶϣյĻɿ
ΪǲŽȫս֮ϣһֱȺŶҩӳʲôȫս֮ԯȵ֮£ܹסЩӵĿըǿӲ
߾ȫǣڽսעǰУܹ֤Լȥ
;ϵĶطˣ״̬ǰеЩĸ֣ҵʱЩһʱԾۼԪʱչΪ͵Щˣ̶̼ļѾ˲ˡ
ֱʱЩ˲֪ղû˵ѣԭЩ˶һǡʱˣ
߾һڷЩҲ£Ϊ֮һ׳Ҳˮˡ
ҹ٤ޣҲŶصӰ죬屻ԣжٶۣԪľۼͻȻ٤Ȼһʶ˲׵ߺЩɵˣȻʹ
٤ڽʱ򣬽ӿڵаͷ˳ˣаһϷسżմаеӰ켧յꡣ
аǱʿ꣬Թķɣа͹࣬ȴҵʶ֪Լ˭ȴܹ˵ʹֻܹܵ˵Ӱ죬˵ȥҪ顣
٤Ҫʱ䣬ҪʱԼڵĶʧȥЧаŪϣаܹһԻظ
аղòԼľаϣа龹Ȼȫðʿɣÿһа鶼ǰʶϢǲĺ;Я޾Թޣ
ֻǱĿӦһЩЩаûʧ֮ǰһܵ٤޵ķĥЩаԹ޺ɱͷԽǿң˵٤ʩӵϵʹҲԽࡣ
ʿ걻а֮ǰһ٤ΪĶԴ
аһ䣬ɫȻͻȻʩչ
ĹԺ֮Գ֮Ԫڵ֮£Ѿ֮иֳˣԪ֮䣬ӰֻҪ̬õӰ졣
֮£а飬ֳԵĿ־֮⣬ţҪա
ȻΪа״̬ǣȻʶȴûа취ԼʶŬֲ٤֮еӡ
գΪܹ٤ȡ㹻ʱ䣬аһγɵԪ֮С
а飬һԪ֮УܵԪӰ죬ԪŸסа鵱ãԪ֮£а黺ԪγɵɱеӡǣԶʧˡ
аһ군٤ˣҲ룬Ͽʼˣ˲䳷һξ롣
ʱ٤ƣ˷·𶼱ͿĨһīɫī֭һ˫Ƶĺݳ
֪ô̵ʱڣ٤Ѿҵ˽ϵĶظķˣԼڵĶرƳҪ˶ã٤޾ܽϵĶȫƳˡ
ò˵٤޻һôж֮УȻҵرƳˣȴΪ͵һˣ
ѪһܹƳߣڰ֮ûõ٤ޣŸոմﵽ֮ѡ
üͷеҫҫĵ⣬ҫ٤޲ϵͷųص˫
ǶôҵĹȻǵ䵶٤еʱȴǳЧ٤޲òһ赲赲ڼҫ֮еĵ⣬ñ۸ıƶ
ϵظıҫĽǶȣڵעڳ֮Уҫ֮ҫ֮£âԽԽǿл̺˼յԪϮ
˫ض٤ޣ٤ȥʱ׼Ÿ٤һ
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٤Եʱ򣬴ˮƹʿ֣Ѿռ˾ԵϷˣ
Ͼе˶Ѫ٤һΪѪ٤޿ԼϵĶرƳȴܡ϶ػڣǵ彫òϵسٻڵԪԽԽ˲Ծʱ̣ȻӲֵĹ޴Ҳġ
ֻôһĹ⾰ʮڱĸ֣ڴˮƹĹ֮£סˣܿرɱ
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Ѫ٤޵ˣȻƶǵĲˣ˸ƺѾˡ
ѪǺһӣǵȳȥ˵٤޵
ѪеѪ߰ߣһģƴˣɱǣ
Ѫȳȥ٤޳һͻȻշɳе߸߾𣬵жģߣ׼
֮УһͻȻɳˣЩſճżǱߵϮȥ֮ž˵ۣڿУָֻͷļ̣ôһ򣬾Ȼֱôˡ
Ӽ֮бڳڷؽɱһС
ЩбԲӦ٤ӵеģЩǴߵĸ֣ˮƹԯȵİʿǷ׷˱ܣ˭ҪǲСıЩ֮еˣԳԲ˶ߡ
졢֮ʿֻ֮·һ֮ĸ֣֮£Ҳش
Ǻ粻Щ֮еУۼûܹסֱֵ۱͸һĴָСĿӡ
ʶЩӵĲǣһţһ߸Ͻ롣
٤޵һ֮£Щһŵıˣû˳ȥôһ۵ĹеıӶʧӰˡ
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ȵ˷Ӧ󣬷ЩѾʧˣֻһصʬ塣
Ԫ鱻ͷųĵ֮ţЩδɢۼʧļ̣յ٤ге챦ͷųܹӵеģ
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ߵˣԵЩ˼һȻҲ¶ĶģȴûжֻǿԯȺˮƹߵĸ֣չЩɼı챦
Ǹɺܰųֹ
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ѾɴЩʿһͷˣϼԯ˵Ӫ֮УЩϵչΡ
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տʼɻˣĵѵǱʿɣȻòԺЩӲ̫ƣȻûԳòѩ׵ļȴеģԺͱĸ岻һ°
ԽԽɻʶӦúܿɣⲻǱˣʿӦҲڱüպ֣ݡ
֮һ֮µʶ׼͵Ϯֳ֮㹻Ĺģ֮ϲսĸѾˣѾ⵱һεˣôһڱղòġ

ܿأЩʿ鱦޹ǣԯȺʹֵĺ֮£Ѹٱչһˡ
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ȵʧ֮󣬲ЦЦһ䣺Сӣһûὲ
ֳɾϼһȻóĹƣֻûѡ꺮ůķʽˣижͻȻõԼľûд

һȦҼԱ̸̸ЩһϵƶأұɱļˣڴߣԯȲûжٵĹϵ
ڹЩ˴չЩӵ鱦ʱ򣬼ҲûţԪգжʱԪҲĬĬؽյĹǽӱչθɾʱЩ֮еҲԪȫˡ
һսǳѸݾͽˣȻһսıʿȴв٣дʿʿһǳŨ񣬶ԪĲá
Ԫջ֮ǳɺ֪ܰʱ˼յԣЦӯӯؿ
һ㶣һۣɺܰѾԼСС㣬𣿡
ҡҡͷɺܰû£ֻǾЩˡһ£ɺܰոŵģӦԪɣ
šյ˵ͷԪ飬ʲô𣿡
û⣬ֻû뵽Ԫô棬Ȼ֮ʲô;𣿡ɺܰ²ؿһܸȤģ
еõġձʾȴûн͵ʲôá
ɺܰûϸʣЦӯӯؿһΣķǳмԯִܹȣûԯȳ֣ǴĶסЩӵĹգлл㣡
ҪǳңֻǲϣİգΪЩӵūˡԣҪмҡ
ĿΪΣ֮ǵĳ֣ǳңΪǳҵ˱ӵ֣ǶӦøмǡɺܰɫ
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ɺܰ󵨵ؿżգһʲôҶϵģ
һɫŹ֣ۿųɺܰ
ȿȡڴʱͻȻ˰ŵ֪ʱǰѾ֪س˲ԶһȻĿȴƵضųɺܰǸûдСɣ
ˡɺܰ΢΢üͷ˵
ŶҺܱǸô˵ţϿûһǸ˼վǶһڼպͳɺܰȥûҪ뿪˼
ղɵӣǿڣЦŵǸȥˣİɡ
գϴ߳ߣĵŮ˲֪ʲô
һߺ͵͵سǱ߿˿ŮǺЦ׽һĶ̸ЦһϵǳҪõģ
ȻЦҡͷŮĺ룬ոŮЩԵ˼ôһգ۹򣬾Ȼֱô
ô벻ͨ
һǰһЦǱ˹δԣϵЦѾȫˣһŵգɺܰǺ꾫ոպ˵Щʲô
ûʲô޷Ǹм֮һĻ̹Ȼ
ɵؿżգŵûô򵥰ɣǰſɲǺǵĽɫòҪ˵һЩ꾫Ĵԣ֪꾫ԻˣΪ£ǧĵһһǳعģ
ЦЦİɰ׽㣬ȻзִģɺܰҲûнӴҪԻңԶأ
˵ʵڶԻһɺܰ͸ˡ
һ治֪ô˵ˣ֪սĻʮɺܰܶκβ㣬ǡǳɺܰñֶΣƩɫһķ㡭Ϳܻŵ˰ż
һģЦؿŰţͻȻЦɺܰɫң𲻵ʲôãǰ׽ĻҲпŵ
˻һǺΣյصһۣߺߵСӣ˵˵ʲôأ
׽㣬ǲǡǲڳǳɺܰĴװٺ٣
ųԴףź޺޵صһۣЩСµ쵰һڶѧ۸ˡ
ô˵ţŸ߸ͷԶԶƳǳɺܰһۣУŵʾ˼
ԶĳɺܰЦһģȻûнɺܰʾ
֮֮ٺͳɺܰǺ꾫תͷضա
š

һƵľ֮ϣĺХ嶥ûаѩȴǡ
嶥°ӰվԶԶؿǰһɲľ޴󹬵ǹþ޴ޱȵںʯɣǽȫһЩͼĺڹϷһҰް˻ӹ֮дŨ֮ս⣬ǹƲɢ
֮ϣӰɽһţңң޴Ĺ
ľĺһսüͷԵĹ壣ʡ
Цŵ˵ͷһսɱ⣬Ҳǲ潻սǲΪǵĽսͿ̿ǰһҪҲò֣򼴱Ǵʿ֮սлʤҲһ޼¡
մԯȵĸ֣ѾǰˣʱûĻӦѾʼͱʿˡԯȵĸȫģˮƹЩϼһҲվһߣһսԯȼ룬ֲôȫԵȱʧܣȰٱǣαؼ
ЦЦǸúӣڱǣٿԱסǵ̫ƽôһҾ͸ӷˡ
ΪʲôȰʡ
Ҳǰ壱ͷ죬Ц
ͺȣ֪һսذɣΪʲôҪ֣
˺ˣ֮ǰѾ˵ˡ壿ſһۣɫɵһսҲܲȥɽ㣬ڳҲɳҿԷĹȥüǹʲô
ɫʹ࣬ȴ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
֪Ѿˣڵңȥˡ壿ԶͻȻ˵ôһ䣬һ̣Ѿʧˡ
Сģͺһ䡣

죬պʹһֱɽ֮УЩʿһο֮ѧ֮࣬ԵС
⼸죬ǺͱʿֽӴΣ˫֮սĿ죬Ҳ죬һЩʿֶжףϾͿʼˣ»Ἧж
Դһ֮󣬶ж·ǳ⣬Щ֮УҲöⷽĸ֣ǻ·ÿһط̽»ᱻ·;еĶӰ졣
ս֮У٤еŴηֻҪһ٤޽ļŪϿʼ
һЩӿ٤޽ļŪҲ֪٤Ҫˣ˫ν棬Ҵҽûֻм˵ˡ
ս
ģ٤еһ⣬ǽСӸɵˣһҪŪɷĩѾָ˹ֵ
ѽСеͷųŹʿЩӿ϶ʧأСӣѲһƲãϾͿʼˣְҲ
ûз֣٤ͷųѾԽԽһЩһεʱ˱ƵôǱΣеѾֻȰ۷֮ǿһˣǷûãʵ
˻һ˶һ㶣һ绺˵ͷô˵ôһˣСųܵԽԽˣĪǣ֮еҪ˰ɣ
һ𣬶żգȺżյĽ͡
ȻЩ٤ޱ˵ģֻҪܲ޾ģô̺֮࣬еľŹʿӦҲҪˡ룬ֵһεʱǲôСˣǼ˿ǰ׷һֱˡ
գ϶٤ȷһδεļ𣿡üͷصʵ
Цŵ˵ͷյҵԪЩƣͬҪŹʿ䣬һؼ֤һ顪ûЩľŹʿ
ôһ˵һɣ˵ЦҪ˵ʩ֮еһŹʿֻҪûоŹʿڣǾͲصʲô
һһˣЩеõ˲ٺôЩˣеսŨû˼ɣս϶ٴһЩ
᲻թɺܰԥһСһ䡣
ۿ˳ɺܰһۣмΪ˶ǻ죿
һ򣬾һСһܲǻ¡ɺܰЦЦżգ˵ǲǰ
ŵߣˢһҲ䵽˼յϡ
ȻǸûթǶСһˣҶԪϾУҲ֮еϢͬѰһǰСĵġ
΢΢˵ͷԼչеСһ㣬Ϊ˱˽Լȥˣֵõġ
һᾡСһġЦŵ˵ͷ֪Ĺǳɺܰʲô˼Ͳ֪ˡ
ǺãһЩӣǾͲ٤޵ɱȥ
֪ǵλãһǻǲȡҷɢܹЩӸסˡһ룬ֲһ䣺ȻҲҪֹЩӹǽˣСĽһЩһҪȥſһӺˡ
үǴǷǵģֻҪܹЩ˸ϳȥԺҴˮƹΪʵѣżգ֪ԯƺ͹ԪЩìܣԺǺ͹Ԫ֮䲻ɱսˣõǳҵĵطҳҾƴǣ
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СһЩһǱߣͲҪԥˣϾͶ֣һΧڣЩ˿ԷǳĲǵĴڣʲô޷ıʵˣһֻҪ˵ˣȫٳȥҪ׼Ļᣡ
ջǰֽܼӽʶɢȥԺ󣬲Щ˴ʱۼǰбԼķôˣԲܱܹ˵̽ԲŻд顣
⼸սĽ棬Щˮƹĸ֣ͬ죬֪̫¼һķΧ֮ڣԲԸӦ쳣ôһ˵˶ǵͷʾףʾԼһһĺ¡
ڼԣǺ硢ɽһĸ֣ǾۼڼԣһΪյİΣһϣڹؼʱܹͼһ٤
ǰһЩ˶ǰһξ룬Ǵ粽뼧գɫȻ
ͻȻһ˿ɻüͷһذװ޹˳һ޹ϺõİҫɫĹΣʱ޹΢ϸС֮УͻȻˡӡ𽥸߰
۾Ȼһֻ޹ǵֱۣۿɼٶȿʼɺǵĺֱ֮дɫ֮ðݳ˳޹ϵС޹С
һٴеģ޵͸޹֮Уڶ̶һļһ޹Ǿͱ˱飬Ҳûд
ӣӣ
е޹ǲŸոƽϢ˵ͻȻִ죬ֻҪǰս֮Уӱе챦ˣϵ챦ͬʱ
˽ϵ޹ȡЩ޹涼˴СȵСףСס
Ǵߵʿˮƹԯڵĸ֣һʱ䶼ˣԵɻ󲻽⣬ؿе޹ǣ⾿ôһ¡
ǵõЩ޹ǲһˣ⼸죬˶һЩЩ޹棬ϣŪЩڱ޹ǣӦʹãν޹֮еͷų
Ȼʿʿ񺫷һİʿԾ쵽޹֮еȷ̺ǵͼ޹֮еͷųʱһԵˡ
ǳ෽ܹ޹֮еͷų
ʱЩ޹ϸСԲףͻȻ䴫ô˵һԵЩȡ
Ǿ쵽ˣ޹̺֮ʱȻڻۼеϵǿЩû޹ǵˣ̵ĸоõ

һߣ
٤ޡѪһбʿһι״ſڵϣһЩų죬һЩһЩŤĲΡ
Ƹ죬Լһ޴ġַţǵϣͷųϢһֻбʿſʹõ޹鱦طڸ䣬Щ޹֮Уͬġӡ
٤һĺ⣬еֱֱزڵϣһҫаĹâ
𣡡ѪͻȻͳظߺһǰ棬Ȼһɹƻĵһͻһ޴飬ݳżյڵķ򷢳ĺ
ͬһʱ䣬Щſڵϵıʿе֮УҲ׷ݳʽЩһǵ֮зɳǳżǵķ򷢳ƺټͬ࣬ݳĳѶš
٤˫ͻȻЦ⣬޺޵Ǳ鱦ɲЩ˿ʹõģ

еȫӵӵԶԶͻȻһɫȻɴ죡
ܶһãȻģɻؿżգȴûвȡжЩеı̺ŹŹֵЩ˺Ͷֽսʱ򣬶ۼʶ֮񼧳ͻȻȫЩӵһԵԽˡ
ӵȫӵһһǲĻ
ײ׺ɫ΢䣬ȽһԱʿ޹׷ɳȥض»ڵ˵ӵеĶ
Щ»ڵĸ֣һ鲻Ըؽе޹˳ȥʱԯȺˮƹĸ֣Ҳνе׷ɵ
ڳ¼ҵĺ֣Ȼ͸ûԥˣ¼Ҳƴ֣ûĽЩڱ鱦ϣǱҲֻûȥооôһ˵ʶЩйŹ֣Զɾķ֡
ֻЩʿ˻޹ǲţЩˣڴĴɺʹ壬ǶǳһЩСɣ£õЩ޹֮Żô⡣
ҡξټһĴɡ壬ҲͽеĶˡ
ɫȻؿЩԸֵˣͻȻ˵Ѱ·Զһ㣡
ˮƹԯȵĸ֣˵ϳһξ룬ʹĸμһΰȫľ롣
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޹֮дԽԽˣ˾ЩëȻʱ˲ž쵽ƵĹ֮ˡ
Ȼмˣɳ޹ǵ޹ǲţһЩ޹ǻ顣
һЩòԸֵСɵˣͻȻǿаеı޹ǣ죡
ơһ֣׼֣ҪЩСɵִԲˡ
ˣһ뿪ǣ
žžž䣡
һؽ޹֮УȻǿҵĲһ̣Щ޹Ƿ׷ױ鿪޹Ǳͬʱһ޹֮ԳֱԶ٤ǵλ÷ȥ
ǼʼղԸֵĴСɵʿ⧲֮£Щ޹ǵıը֮У˵ˣǳҡ
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ۣѪһѪǰƣȻѷ졣
Ѫһ˷ߣͨ˵кΪҪĹ㣬һƣܵȻҲˣЩһɢӰ죬еһ֮е飬ͬشĴ
ѪһֻҪǲµıĸ֣ٵ˵ˣһսǲûռƣԼˡ
Щʿջ֮󣬿ʼ٤޵ľߣΪ٤޵ָӴ󣬲˵εʧԺ֮һһЩϽƾ٤ϣʼ٤޵
ȻʧˣЩȫٵˣǵĶû䵽ԷСѪһͻȻվ
һѪվȻһޣȴٶ˵ֻʾԼĲ
ѪڱҲĸ֣ʵǿᣬҹأЩڵҹ壬ΪֲѪԲűտڲٶ˵
ⲢƲü٤ޣ٤ҹεľǣһ٤쵼޷Ϊ⼸εĽս֮УûռݵϷ硣
٤ʶ˶Ĳһ٤м˭ԼԸָ·ǻЩˣҲ쵼ң
ôһ˵Щ˷ʵ֮ǰļսǶ˶ԷʵЩһ׼ԼָӣҲֻʧһ·٤ΪĻһ٤޻ԶǵĻҲҪеʧܵΡ
˭֪ƢãһսʧˣΪ˱ضӰ𷣣˭ҳܰŭˣ٤ôһ˵Щ˵ʵ
ˣѪͻȻվأǱΧˣ
ʲôЩڱʿһĿɿڴ˶ЩСˣȻҰΧǣΪԼܹʤĹ𣿡
ԹЩڱຮ֮صļһûнʿ಻ɽ֮У˵ĵӺݸ϶˶ǵСԶԶǱǿ
սʧҲΪԷʩչ˶ҩԵʣƾЩɲǵĶ֡
٤޳߬ţѲЩ֮ǰļһбµĻһҵҪǷܹҴȥ
Щһһȫʵ
ףΪؼʱ̣Ҫ٤геûڣսǵԶԶ

չ黹ǻڼպɽ˵Ĵ֮£ԯȺʹĸ֣ķЩϢı˸Χ롣
һֳ֮٤޳ЦոյζΣжˣʹõЩСļһõģ
٤һȻûмߵĴ㣬Ѫʹ˸ɫʾһСһ㣬Լ˸ػá
Ѫ˵ͷʾԼ˼ϵƸ߸߾һ˫ս˫εɽϡ֮ǰļսǺɽ档
ŭɱڵؿ٤ޣЩɵļһҪΪЩʧȥĹ˱𣡡
𣿡٤Цǲмҡҡͷ㻹ûбЩԯȵ˸ϵЩļһȫѾΪǵ֮ˣҲ̸𣿿Ц
ͻȻ򼧳գ٤޵գһʲôƣǲʲôطͷ˶ҩ
˵أЦЦܾǸҲѾˣֻڻûзְˣ
ֻһԣЩȴٴУʼĬĬڵαȫÿһϸ΢ĵطŹЩڼûĶҩ֮£Ѿ˾֮ˣ̫ܲľˡ
Ϊƾҩܹսʤ𣿡٤޵
ܡȻһЦνֻҪܹһЩ˺ҵĿľѾﵽˡ٤ޣΪеһֱӵǱ𣿡
㲻ʹĻǸˣգҲҺҹĽ棿٤ͻȻ̤ߵǰؿżգҲҸ׹ע֮е֮乫ƽһսΣҲң
û⡣һƽתԵɽ˵һǲҪ֡
գСӵĻΪţս;УŵԣͻȻ֮оŹʿͷųҪꣿЩͬæ
ǲǲңЩһΪܹһֱס㲻ɣ٤ԶЦ
ЩʿһҲǺôЦ
գһԲǹ˰߳еص
տ˿ˣţ΢΢һЦɫƽ˵Ƿİɣɼƽϡ
εص˵ͷ֪Ȱ˵¶ĵļգֻܹ˵һ䣺Сġ
Ŷ˼䣬󱻼һ䡰ҪҡټԼ

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Щļյˣһ٤޽Ƕ΢΢һ
٤ڿеʱͷȻ˲䳤һⲿϥǴļ̣ҲͻȻͻҫĹ
٤޵ļһͻȻǱһţ֮ɱ⣬ɽһΪɢܶ˶òڵͷųֵ٤ϵ
һ˲䣬٤ڵͱȫ˳Ԫǳ񣬱ȳ֮ĸҪǿϲ٣ǱЩ̫İʿ٤ϵҲѷɫ˶١
٤ڵϵش߷ϵԽԽǿ۷֮٤ͻȻ֣
춼Ǿ޴צצ絶Уɱצ֮ͷųצӭϵץǰһצһؽأһӲʯצצӰ֮£Ϊʯмһʯҡ
צǧϰ٣ΧĿռȫסЩצӰϵصÿצӰصһСռס̶̼ʱ䣬ڼԵĿռ䳹׳צӰ¡
վǶջܣֻ첻ϵصצӰȴԵˡ
̤ĴأҲͻȻһצӡȴִ֮бĳӰˣԼ
٤޵ӰѾʧӰˣܱûؼ䰲˼㣬ЩصצӰ˿
ڤצһצӰ֮пʼֳĵɫϳҹľ
ͨˡɭˣֶһЩйڱǱߵΣڱ壬иؼ˵ʶҹаͼ׹ǵڤצ˺ͳ˸ϸ
ҹľ֮УаͼΪ죬԰׹ǵΪֲڤצΪ񶾡
ڤצצӰصϡ¡˷סצӰޱȣҹеĹϮΪˣȵڤצֻҪǹմǰ㣬ͻã˲ϢΪһ䰨׹ǡ
٤ΪҹȻҹԣһʼͽڤצʩչȻȫˡ
춼ǹצĹөƮţżƶ
ɫĮ侲ؿŹĽӽʶſӦЩڹצ֮е
Щʿʬγɵ׻ƶɣһ˵νǴǳĶȻڼ˵ЩνĹܹ𵽵ȴ΢΢䵽յϣɫ糣ֻЩãһƤ⣬·ҽһ㣬ѸٻΪɢ
Ҫ⶯ԯ֮ѪԶʧܹκε˺
صצӰǵأԵĿռ䶼סˣڤצɱ˵٣ڸ֪УΧ˵
ɫؿЩצӰԽԽ·޵һ
ֱЩصצӰߵʱͻȻҫȡҫȻŨѪ˷γһѪûѪʵʣ滹в
צӰѪһ
أҫеͷųѪȻֵסЩצϮצֱӴ͸Ѫ˲ٽ˼ա
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Ѫͬı仯һ˲䣬ѪǱ仯Ϊһ޴ޱȵѪȻͻȻѣ˳ɰǧСѪЩСѪ׷߲ʹ⻷֮У߲ʹ⻷һѪ
һ仯̵ܶʱ䣬ѪʧѪ߲ʹ⻷ͻȻΡ
ε߲ʹ⻷Ȼһڣһ߲ʹ⻷ͻȻһޱȰԵͷųϻһĳɢ
ЩֹĹצЩ⻷ĳ֮£ҲܹԼ˿вĿռ䣬һӱ˺˿ǲĹצȻҲ˲ʧȥӦеá
߲Ǽں˼ؼƾԼؼ
Щմؼ飬޶꣬ڽؼ죬⻹һνΪ߲ؼʩչ
ЩڴؼЧ
ڤצĿռһЩצȫʧֻʣ٤޴ֳʹצģݺݵسżյͷץ
̧ͷƳ٤һȻһһǿ߲֮һǿ޼᲻ݣѪ죬˲䵽٤޵ǰ
٤Ȼһ˲ˣòԼЩ߲֮ͷųǿס˵ʱ򣬼ͻȻ˳ȥĿֱָ٤ޣһ˲佫Լ߷˼£٤츳ӦЩǿʱڼյĿըѾϮ
ϣǿܹȵùյˣ治ࡣ
٤Ȼ츳ǷϧⷽȴԶԶգûмñľһ٤֮󣬼մĿٶȶ٤չ˿ը
٤޲Ž߲֮бǿסϷָҵĹϮˣ籩һݲ塣
ڱҹҲǿӲΪҹ٤޴Ĵһֱ٤ҲԼǿҪͨʿĶ࣬ȻȴڼյĿ֮ҡҡ׹类ɽײĹžž졣
٤޻ɢһ㣬ֿ籩һĹ֮£ûа취ڵӦԣԪò׾ۼ֮󣬾ͱյһɢˡ

٤޵׳壬ͻȻڵأ֮٤ޣɫ԰ֽȻѾشˡ
ݣ
ڴʱ٤ԵͻȻ˳һֱżȥ
ͬʱһԲǰʿͻȻ֮бһΣڶĸڵһʱ俪ʼˡ
ɣ
գСģ
쳷ˣ

ԯȵˣһŭ٤ƿڴã޳ܡ
٤һϢ˫ݶؿżգһϣܹ֮еոնɱģشһ弸ǻˣ޷ͼսΨһܹģֻ֮еˡ
٤޴ļɢܵļգε٤޵ϣ͵٤ޱﲻסͷųþ׽٤޸׺ɱˡ
ϵʱ٤޾ȻһζһھŹʿͷ˳Ȼ٤֪ѵУ׼һˡ
˶ҪˣȻ͹˲ʲôԼˡ
ۼ֮еľŹʿѾ˲Ϣɫδ䣬ֻǽ߲΢΢仯һ¡
߲ٿһ˲һţӰһΣһһ֮С
һ̣Ҳû˿ԲյϢоյ꣬·ͻȻ䣬Ѿʧһ㣬ǲһ˿ۼ
ȻȻģҲ޷쵽յĴڣ֮вϵǻţȴʼҲĿ꣬ٳٲ֡
ʱԯȺˮƹĸ֣ѾЩʿƴɱȥѪЩʿŷɱ¾
͹һȫڵǻϵʱ׼Ӧ
ʼûж˳֣һֱ֮תţƶѰżյټ
ѪУһʹģ
ԭʱ٤޵Ѿ׻˹ȥ٤֪Żף֮УһֱҳѪΪ٤Ѿˡ
ҲΪˣѰյټ֮£Ųûйˣ֮в
壬뿪ѪŭһԼҹĸַԸЩҹĺ֣Զ˵̧٤޵壬Զȥȥ
Ѫǰκặηؿ·ɽҲҺͲҪѪһֻܹѪ¸ƣȻòС
ѪһȣЩҹĸֵЩ˭ҲܣһҪ뿪
һڰ֮еԼԣһ٤뿪ȥһ˭жԸ٤޵ͼ˭ֻҪǸڿһˣķϮ
֮УϾžŹʿĿ׼һˣ޷缧һ˲׹̫þĻҪˡ
͹ˣûǲسѪһ׷ȥǲûо֮е֮ǰ˵˵֮ھŹʿѾˣżգԽ׷š
ɽһˣһ㶼ûЩʿչĹֻһЩսıʿѾǸɱʮˡ
ʧļգͻȻֳ΢ЦŽԪԪЩֵꡣ
ͬʱҲѪǵķ׷ȥҳź硢ɵ٤ޣطֻҪȫĵǾͲҪΪһˣ
˻һһ𣬺硢ȳ֣ɽһȫ٤޹
Щ˶Ű֮ΪǽԼͷų٤ޣȻоŹʿȫ˵ֵ˵Ĺ֮ˣҲϾ˵Ϲˡ
֮оŹʿȻ£ôֵĶԿ֮£ҲԵЩ֧ˡ
һϾھŹʿ˵ϣңʹãһҲˡ
ӰѾ֮еѾˣմȣ²ⲻ֮еڿʼԽԽˣȻҪľʱˡ
˶˷ܣ·𿴵Щʿһһɱ
ڴʱ˵͵رһޱа˵궼ܵӰ죬Ѿ޷ƿ壬Щ֮еʿʿȻһӿе
ɫȻ䣬ŵؿ󣬿ǰ֮еԪ顣
һȻԪ飡


299 ȭ
˶ܵԪӰ죬ԪӰ֮£ſʩչؼȫȻʧȥЧ
һʿʿȻеˤǱףòǱ
ѪЩҹĸ֣٤޵壬ӿкݺݵأ٤ޱͱ߿ѪһĹžž죬Ѿ;ƿݵĵز
ѪûԥӵѸҲľһץס٤޵壬ҹֱȣҪͣһڣ
ҹЩ֣ɫȻûһŤͷȥΣ׷ǰ·سǰ
ǰ񱼣ˮƹĸں׷𣬶Ԫȴ䵽󷽣ԪͷųԪԽˣܵӰҲԽں󷽵İšɺܰˣʱ԰ףɪɪֵؿյԪ顣
˲ܹУǿ׳ռƣټǰԪľΪңԶܵԪһĴԯȵĸ˦ˡ
ߣʱȻҲ˲ЩʿԪı仯׾סϵͷԪֻǶɽ˶һ䣬СӦ˵ݣв̰÷˸ˡ
ҲܵԪӰ죬һԪŪʼղܽԼԪȻҲ޷ƿշˡ
ڼǿͻЩ֮ϣѪԪӰ죬ſŲһ˻ȥԪ֮ǰ
Ԫâ䣬֮Уһ˿˿˿һԪ֮ͷųЩ·ǣ˵ߣǵŤ仯һҾܹͷ
һսԼƽҿʼԼķʽ
Ǽ䣬ӰʧӰ٣Ԫɢ˿һ·ʶĴ֣ˮ齻ڵо
Ԫ鱻Щ̵˳ΪʥͰ̿϶ǧ˿ƵĹϵð̵ƿԪ飬ȻҶ˷
һհ̵ԪӰ죬һհȻͬʱı仯·ԴЩԪ֮ɢ˿һֻҪ䶯Щ˿һҲ仯
ŽЩҲ˿˳ͻȻԽݲ԰׵ĳɺܰŵˣɫϿʼָ˺ǱӰ쵽ƿز˵꣬»ˡ
հЩԪ֮зݳ˿һȫ˳һԪӰˣ𽥻ָƿȨֶЩ˵С
ƿ
ȻһͻȻʶԪΪ̫ԪøֳˣǰԪ飬ֻܹתΪԪʹá
Ԫ㹻֮ܲŽʼֳ
ƿǺ֮ʹ꼼Чһ
޾֮Уʹ꼼˵ʤһ֮Ļ꼼ᣬ֪һ꼼Ŀ£ѵԪǿһĳ̶ȣֱӰΧ˵꣬ΧΪԼūͣԼʹ
ɫ΢䣬ͻȻʶĶ֮ˡ
д½ֻҪԪ֮еͷųȫȻһʿɡʿ˲
뿴ԪԽһɸֵƿʹֻǶ̶һ˲䣬Ҳ㹻´һɱˣֻҪЩ˲ɱһһ壬ܻڼ̵ʱڳΪһŵĵطЩɱֻ֮ᱻԪգһǿԪԪֹƻԽԽǿ
һԪƿǿһزʹʿŹʿ꣡뿴ܹԪʹһҵиԸһңǶôһ飿
ճ㶵ؿ֮еԪ飬ͻȻɫһ䣬С
ûܲԴ̬֮
ӦԪ֮еıԴ֮·ƾʧˣԼĸӦſȴӦԪǱԴ֮ĴϢѵ˵Դ֮ѾԪ֮У
ͻȻżˣſðⷽŽԪ
ʼ֮еԪ飬Ӱ죬ʼسԿ£ˡ
Ԫ뼧еʱһɺ޼ʵӴոӦ˳Ԫ֮УżΪŨһԶԶǰԪе
һУԪڶ꣬಻ɽ֮УԪ౱ֵɵȫ졢졢һǿʿټΪߣòʹԪеԪоۼԽԽʱ䣬Ԫ鷢µı仯
Ԫ϶ϸܵЩϸܵϸȻһĵƣľһ
ƵĹΣԪЩ֮оȻţ˲佫ƸǣڼղʱЩ˲ͻȻ仯һŹȭףָסȭһֱ쵽ؽڡ
Ԫ飬ȴ֮УֻҲһȭ׸ˡ
һȭףڼյ֮ϣַ·һſѪڵľͷ­΢΢ſſڣȭϹִܲһֱֱ۴Եɲ
һֵشֵȭףųǰһȭ
ͻȻ䣬֮еԪ֮Уһɿ֮ĸһ˲ȭͷ֮УֵĹͽ˲ӵ˿ֲ֮ƻ
񱩵֮бȻǰȥһҪ˺ϱĴ׷ױ鿪֮ȭƲɵݿһԶʧ
䣡
һ㣬ǰ͵ش˾޴ޱȵĺȻԶ˻ֻԶƣһʮɸߵСɽӰɽͻȻѿʯ裬ʯм糾ɳһǵء
Ŵסˡ
ɺܰҲɵˡ
ոոϹĳɭ˵ˣһȫԭأǰȻƵСɽüͷһɻļգ⼸ͻȻЩӦ
һȻҪ٤ҪһЩ
ǰʿӦóеֻͻƵŹ֮ʿſɽĿ
ôһ£
ˡɭһɻĵԴôֲ֮ǰ٤޸Ӳȥ֮еľŹʿעѾ̫࣬ԵסһСɽĿ񱩹
һãȻ⣬ؿԼ֣ϵȭͷֱŸոյȻǴԼͷųġ
ոգûöԼڵԪֻȭͷһȭϵ֮ԴȪȴԪ飡
һȭȥȭ׺һȭ׺ԪΪһ壬ҲԪһڶʱڸ߶һӾͽһ˳ȥֱһСɽƿֲ֮
ֻҪǱȭ׸ǵĵطͽһţʹһֱۻ飬ЩӲ
Ϊȭ׵̫ԵʣҲֻô̬ܹԵ򣬻һʿʩչȭеǿ֮߷һֱ۾ȳܲסһķֱȱ鿪ˡ
ȭҲֻ䵽̬Уܹеͷų˵Ļȭ׵δԼȱˡ
а˼ʱͻȻ˱Դ֮ҲʱǸֱ۵ȭֻ仯ΪΣһԪ֮С
ֱеĹζԪ֮ʧ֮ǱԴ֮ŴԪ֮Ƶسؿżգտհȭ״ôһȭҪȻһһֱס
ȭףסնűԴ֮ôһ£
ոõһȭףȭףԪе֮һΣҲԹˣΪԪ֮еӯһ̶֮Զġȭ֮⣬Ԫ֮ƺҲ֪ʲôֻеԪ˸ܹ֮
֪֮ôһ㣬Ϊ֮ǰԪ֮еһ֮أԪ֮еǸ֮ظסˣʼղܹȥȭ״һȭ֮ǽ֮صͻȻҲܹûгգԪ鵱йȻĶ̫ࡣ
Դ֮һһէ
һ
һȭѾ˿ֲˣԪжҪɶſֳ


300 
Դ֮һµӣԪгԺ󣬲ϵԪΣա
ɫ΢䣬ͻȻôᱻסԪ֮дôʱ䣬㲻Ѿָ𣿡
Դ֮εҡҡͷһ²׵̬㲻֪ԪεģԪԳһ磬ǰҲҶԪѾǳϤˣȻ㹻֮Ҳŷ֮ǰֻռԪпռʮ֮һԪÿһĿռͻһ֣Ҳ֪ļж󡭡
ȻеԪ飬ֿ˿µıԴ֮
˺͹һˣʱۼ˼յԣľȣգ֮ǰ㷢𣿡
յͷҡ
ǿôôͻȻܹͷųôµ˲
ЦҡҡͷҡҡеԪ飬ʵʵ˵һܹӵеģΪԪãûԪ飬ҵԽСɽݻ١
һˣؿɫȻȴûм׷ȥ
յԣĵؿգԪеȻ㶼ѿƣԺΪ֮ǰͷųǲһʧңһʱ䣬Ҫ֪Լ˭ˡ
˻һΧˮƹһЩˣ׷׵ͷǴ֮ڸոԪ֮£ǵȫܵԪľ޴Ӱ죬ʧԼȫԪӰˡ
Ԫ飬Щһ¶ǳ飬Ԫ֮Ѿûһĳ֣Щ˻ԪԶԶģ»ᱻԪӰˡ
ŹҲᱻԪһɹͬӰˣԲ˵ԺԪ顣
ջͷһ˼ģҲʶԪһ˫нһòã˼Ҫǰʱ֣šɺܰЩԪӰ֮£ĻʧǣԶɥʧԼʶ
Ҫǿ֮֮ǰȭ׵ֱ۶ˡ
Ԫ֮еıԴ֮ԳôһηģüʶԪȷЩ׿ˡ
㻹ҪҪԪ飿տűԴ֮صʵ
Դ֮ҲԥˣһſЦص˵ͷһҪȥȻЩΣգҲȤءôʱˣٻЩ˽ģԪĿռչˣҲܹջء
Դ֮ȷ˵
˵ͷյҲգȻҪ棬Ҳ㣬ҪСһ㣬ΪҵҲ޷ŪԪ飬ڹؼʱܹÿһζ㡣ʲôΣգԴѶҵĻҪ紫ѶҪˣȴϵϡ
ˡԴ֮Цţ˵Ƚȥˣúûʱооȭװɣĺǿ϶ܴȽˣŪԪ֮һģҵĺϢɣ
ô˵ţԴ֮壬Ϊһɵ̣ûԪ֮У˲Ϣʧˡ
Ԫֻ΢΢һӣ»ָƽ棬ӦһԪ飬Լʶ·׹޾գܹоʲô
ͻȻףԪĿռȷ˲١
գ٤޺ѪˣѾӳȥˡɽӰͻȻԶֳѸ˼յԣεֻһѪͱļһѾƿշˣҺͺȴߵӰ죬һʱ䲻ܹƿ壬ֻܹؿ٤޺Ѫ뿪ڿԷеʱЩѲټˡ
ɽԣżմ󲻽Сӣ㵽׸ʲôڹؼʱô˺ȣ
տЦԼʱҲܹԪõʵһ飬˵ЩԪԶȻȻģܵԪӰҲ٣ǿȷɳȥôһ̣ҲȻ飬׷Ͼ׷ˣʱ֮ڣЩӦòٸҳˣҪڱټ֣ʱӦûᰲȡ
źܹЩɱ⡣ҡͷ꣬̾ЩһƬɽûж೤ʱ䣬ȴɱ
ˣҲвˣҪǿ׷ȥЩ֪޷뿪ǲôദġɽƳǳһۣ䲻ȵʱһ£ҲǺһǴܶ˶ķ̫ԪûһʱĻָսʱֻΣա
Ҳǡ˵ͷ˿Щĸһۣ΢ЦӦȻرǣúϢϢ
˶ʾͬ⡣

ڣһ֮ۡУһпĴʿܵЩ֮ۡߵ¡ضԴ
Щڸۡ˵ĳĸ֣һʱĻָ֮һ»ָսǱ²׼սȴ֪ЩѾɽ֮˳ȥ˲صĴۡ
ϢһĴĸ֣һϲ֮׷ѯϸϸڡ
֮ۡУһЩսĴʿɫɽľͻԯһ˵Ҫãᵽ˼յĶҪЧ
Щѵȡһ޴ʤ䷳Ƕһֱ¸û档
¼ߣЩҵĶɽʤϢųȥõľȡðһḻζļȣԴοʵʤˡ
ˮƹЩˣԯȵĸһЩ˿صƺ˸׳죬ֵ˽š
ߵʿֺˮƹԯߵĺ֣ɽĲս֮ԯȺˮƹˣЩʿû˵⣬ЩʿǿֺǣȻһֱ
һ磬νǱ飬˶ǳ⡣
ֻӦͳļƣ˼ߵһߣϵ⹫İΣⱱ֮û⹫ϢԽԽ
壺첻ڱǣֲɽǾͺпѾȥ˱ȥ˱˵˫ѾˣеҪ֪⹫Ϣǽ٤ǸϳɽҲ˲
һڻչ븹УŻյǿȾƾüͷ˼ԼҪҪûȥһ˱Ǳ߿ȥ
ôһ˶źƾƣɺܰšһƿΣ̬䣬վ
üͷƳ˳ɺܰһۣǱ̫ˣ밲
ѽǱߵȷ̫һ㣬һҪлл㣬û㣬ǾԶסЩˡɺܰȻһЦžƿżһƿ
ɫĮԼеĻմյ߹˼ڣűһԲ
ףȵʲôƣҵӣܹܲҺһڳɺܰһȻ˼յԣؿżгеĻյľƿ
óľƣƿԲεģʢŻյС̳Բһ
ɫ΢ֵؿ˳ɺܰһۣ˵ͷȥɡ

֮⣬ɺܰһӼнӹǾ̳ûбӣȻֱӶżպȹľ̳ںû񼧳ʢš
һɫԽԽˡ
ȿȿȣȿȿȣɺܰȻ͹˻յľҵؿļֱҪѪһ㣬˫㱣ؿżգ૵ҵľƣƱҼҵ̫ˣѹ㲻ҼҵľƣԭζͲһ
üͷһģĳɺܰ
գƯ𣿡ɺܰͻȻʵ˫ͻȻؿ
һ㶣ųɺܰһۣС
УɺܰǹһŹֵЦ⣬ܸȤؿЦС⻹صأУԭֻǻаˣЩһЩһѵһֱƭңƭʲô˫ԭԭͨͨٵģ
С㣬ˡյ
ôûɺܰԸߣҡҡλΣͻȻֱͦͦȥ
ΣͻȻֽӷסֹ߰ɣ㵽Ǳȥ
ҲȥҲҪȥɺܰҡҡλεģȴԸȥֽץסգӶڼϣ૵գǲǡǲǺңǲǾһŵŮˣ
ûСҡͷʵʵ˵ֻǾɺܰļƣҺҰģһŮȻϲڳֻҼ壬ԸҲȻ
Ҹһܣһ϶벻ܡɺܰ촽յնԣ˫ţЦʵʵûоˣŲţ϶ŰɣǺǣ
һ׼𻰣ȴǰһذ׵ӰֳֻǳһۣһӰӾһȻȥˡ


301 ɱ
ǰš
ȻЩ̫죬ʲô뿪ʱϵķȻͲǳԣԶջǿ
һߣǳɺܰϣΣģ·֪Լʲô
ȷᷢЩĹ֣϶йʲô컵Ķ
һֻһ£ͷӦ˹æǳɺܰСվãһе飬Ͳˡô˵ţѸٳŰ뿪ķ׷ȥ
ɺܰҡһ£վֱˣ˫ָسŰŵķ૵Ҫȡģ˵Ĺ̲һսţŸոտʼء
һӰڳɺܰվЦͷܰ뷨ãܹ˲࣬Ҫúðա
ǳ
ɺܰЦүİɣȻȥǰΪԼҲΪǳң
ɫȻͷܰд뷨ʵҳҵĴңЩȻʱɽ֮˳ȥˣȴ׼һʲôʱ˵һεǿܹõԯȵĳѺð൱ڵõɽˮƹǳ˵飡
һ£ֵǱޣܹõģ˵㣡ܹԯȡɽˮƹеĳһ죬ΪȨƵŮˣ
ɺܰ˫֮УȻŻͷģһӰŵӦҵģ
οص˵ͷɫȻ

ϷһƬŵ֮УüͷǶؿŶǰļգʲôʱǳɺܰˣ湻İŶ̶̼죬ϵôͻͽˣϲ㰡
տЦ͵׽㣬ոֻǳɺܰˣҿȥ˳Ʒ֪ǡɾͱ㿴ˡ
ôɵ飬ҿ⣬Ҫ֮ǰŵ԰ɣ˵
ʲôŵԣȻ
ֻҪܹˣô𣿡ź˺ߣӣҪȥһ㣬ǾͿҸط
׽㣬˼ˣûµġտЦãǳɺܰӣ˵˵ĻҲŰ
Լ۾侲ؿԥһ£ͻȻ̾һգҵúܣҪҸطúþһ𣿡
ճĬؿŵ㲻ң
ҡͷҲԼգҾں֮ľԽԽԶˡ
̧ͷֱҲʶʱʵ΢ҲûʲôʱһԸһЩȻŰ֮Ϊδս졢ɽһ˽̵Ǿ磬ѾԶԶˣڵңѾܹκΰˡ
գѾƴŬŬ˦̫Զϧȴ֮ľ뻹Ǳ󣬲Ǿ绹ϣڵҶѾԶԶˣҾҵĴڻԼĳɳҺһֻΪ׸ҲܹﵽʲôȴҲΪ׸չҡ
һӦһֱڰŵУʱںޱ˵Լ
ԭֻǳɺܰ⡣
סˣվǶ˺һȥŻ˼
ȻͰ֮⣬ΪһֱûðŰԼʲôֻǵľúͰһܿģû̫߰뷨
룬ûж룬ˣĺܶ͸ܷ鶼ȫˡ
Ҵ˵Ϊ֮ϰûЩ⣬׽㣬̫̫ˣ֮飬ƺҪЩ߰ذɣ˺һղȻ
ǰûû⣬ˣúһ롣ŰؿֵԼҲӦһ룬ֻҪ㣬ҿҲͷˣʱȥˣһʿƺҲܹʲôգȻȥˣһȥúþһҲһ룬ûһ谭ſԡ̸
ô˵ţŵЦЦŵӰԶȥͷҲء
Ƕ֮󣬲ſЦҡҡͷķ

µطһۡҵײ׺ŵ뿪˵һ£ײ׺ǷǳӴ£ϵ׷ϸڣ̹Ȼľһһʮض԰ײ׺һ顣
ȵս֮󣬰ײ׺ļյļ򣬿οѾͷϲ˼룬һȥúȰȰһʱҲûˡ
֪ײ׺˼˵ͷϣˡ
գͻȻ˺ͳɭһɫأҪҪ
ͻȻһ˵ǡ⹫Ϣ
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˻һɫȻһ䣬û˿ԥȥһ޻ʳǣ
һȥ˱ʾ
ҡҡͷն˵УҵȥˣֻҪȥһս׼֪Ա⣬ǲŸոսʿϳȥô˽뱱Ĵ⣬ⱱǻҪ˿ţҹȥΪ˺ͱսֻҪ⹫
ôһ˵˺ͳɭ˶̾Ϣһ䣬׹壺Ͱһս׶༪١
Ϣסܿأĺܶ˶֪ϢЩĸһ˵壹ǰ޻ʳҰսһܣһĺûᡣ
ԯȵĺܶɫںʥĸһսʱѾˣȽŹ֮ǿߣȲ滹Ҫϼ꣡
ĵĳ̣һս壿϶Ըһĺ޼ɡ
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˿ţ֪ܲһǴıʿֻռ֮һ֮ıģΪǰݣûвһսǽ뱱ʾȫһˣʱǽԱĸ֣ǲڰ˵İʿǧ˵ʿ
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һ꣬ʿ׷ȥ
ȥһ˱һظԼľٶ˵ʲôĿ֮뿪Է۵糸ٶȳűĿຮ֮ȥ
˵ԶԶżʧķһɫصǣǼȵǼգֵǹ壣ԯȵδ

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ıأԼһƬϣҲԱ˵뷨ΪʵڷǳӦʵ̫һЩ
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һգ޻ʳǶŨĻ֮Уϵ籩ֹ˶ıֱӴ
޻ʳǵˣֻҪЩΪĶԲԪľұ仯ԭڻʳǾȵԪ׷׳ϻۣ޻ʳǵԪҲ޻ʳʿһյҪջõࡣ
޻ʳǵı仯ܶ˶֮ܿأһϢһĴ˳˽棡
Ϣһ˲䴫壬ġչص֣ѸٵõϢܶĸ֣׷״˷㼯ӿ޻ʳڡ
һЩչض֣Ϣ֮ҲͲסˣϼһ￪ʼ޻ʳڳ֡
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ڻʳ֮ڵĺܶƽ񣬳ԿһЩɫʿ֣һЩ̨ϡ¥澲ţ̧ͷܲϣ¶һ˼顣
һʱ䣬޻ʳӰǿϢڳ߶ţһӴһڻʳ֮εţЩֵļһڻʳڴʲô˳
ȻǵϣЩ˷ۼıĸ֣ûڻʳ֮һؼգĬĬؽԼʶſ۲޻ʳϷԪ
һʱ䣬޻ʳеʿʿʱֹͣ˴޾޾򷵻صıʿϲСĴ˿ֲ֮أػ岻þͷ׷ȥ
֮ǰЩ˶˵ˣδɢ֮ǰԲ׼޾

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ҲʱŷֱĵԶԶ˵󣬴ӱǵļ֮أҪˮƹԶ̫ˣһĽ򣬾ȻˮƹʹҼҪ
ȻĽȻޱȵɼ򲢲ʺľס
һЩ粻ʿЩӵĻ֮¶ԴȥЩͨıˣ͸ڱЩȥˡ
Ϊຮ֮صʵ̫ӣЩһҪ߳ȥЩӵҪȥ壬һ˼ϡ
ǰһƵľ޴ĽһΰʶԼĿĵء
ԼҲ⹫Ͱսĵص㣬ǻδ̤޻ʳǵأϾ֪Լˡ
޻ʳ֮ϣ̾ɾ춯صĿֲˣɽһֻܹͷųĿŻصǿ󣬸һֱƥеĸо
޻ʳǵľ֮ϣʱʱسһ֮γɵĲӰȻ޻ʳϷܲ籩ֹ
ʵ̫ˣֻҪγʿԲܸоɾ춯ص
ֻҪγɵʿҪĸоͿԷΪǿʿſͷųǿʿɾǾŹʿˣ
ˣſ̾޻ʳϷ⹫Ͱ
΢΢۾޻ʳһǣսϵϢȥĬĬע޻ʳǵϡ
˫֮ϣл谵ĹâͻȻһĿѾԿͨԿĳڡ
ֻ޻ʳǵϣŨƵ£ǣһһŤĻߣЩߴ޻ʳ֮ڷɳûŨ֮УЩ߲ϵŤ䶯⣬߽ͨϵ֮С
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ܹھŹʿ֮Уҽͷųĸ֣֮Ϊ겻޾εʿ϶ҽͷųˣǽǧϸȵĻ֮УѾ֪޻ʳ֮Ŷٿֲĸˡ
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ףһսֹܹġ
Ψһܹģǵս֮󣬵һʱ⹫

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һݵӰ߻ֳƳһۣһԲϷȥ
ΰɽİŹȥӰɫȻ죬ε̾Ϣһһ˽ܣϧˡ
ڶ౱ʿһ뿪׷׳Ź壵ķ׷ȥ
ߡһ
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սָܲ籩겻ϣѿһռ϶Ҳڰ֮ȫϣǧʿĺ֮£ӿռ϶Ｘȫɱ⣬ӳȥļֻҲɲ˴ˡ
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ͼˣƵĲ챧ŹϳϷȥҲ£ͬԼʩչһϷɳۡ
ʲôͻȻ䣬ҹĿУһµĺ
ҹľ˾סˣеҹߵıʿͻȻȫɫؿҹԵա
Щҹųа飬һһʧ֮з·һεĴ죬ЩҹĴа飬аʧǳأǵһʧʧ֮ǰЩа¶ʹɫɫǾͿ־塣
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һŤŲϱ仯ĵӰӣһ֮лֳӰƺ֪ڰΣԾͷſˣģӰ
һ˫û˿˫̵ŲƵϣҪллǣط硣


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˻һüͷԥһ£ȿ
յͷӦÿħħǳǺң϶ˣңȿƣܲռʲôˡ

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ҹȻɫʱҲ˲ȥ׷ͼˣеľ˹ħϣȵ˭
ħ𻰣˫سҹһѸʳҹųа飬һֻֻаʧУħϵԽԽǿ
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ħӰһΣŤ仯Ϊ״ȻЩðݳĺʧһûټһ̣ħӰһֳһʳҹа顣
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ҹǼɺޣڽſԾŹʿе͹ħ濹ˡ
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ҹϽԼۼͼطЩݵаٻ

Ԫһֳޱȵķ֮ǰ˸ţԪͷų·Կܵ
Щҹݿа飬˷ɣͻȻ䣬а鲻֪ӦʲôȻһı䷽ֱԪķȥ
ҹԪаӰ죬˳Ԫһҹ࣬գ
ոõĴרעؽӳ仯л˷ڵۼٻ
еֶΣΪɱ漼ŻֻҪе仯лڵͻܵԶۼ
һֻֻа׷Ԫ֮УԪ棬һâڵԲ򾲾š
аһԪ֮УͻᷢԪеԪ飬ҹа񳹵ʧȥ˿ƣеаһԪ飬ԪС
ܿأٸǿа飬ԪӰ֮±ƭ˹ȻһһԪ֮С
ҹļֱҪѪˣħôľҲֻʳ˼ʮаˣ⼧֪䣬ȻȴٸаյˣҿƻҪаȫյƣ׷ˡ
ҹʲôˣҲ͹ħ֮Ľ棬سżɱ
Ҷסһռ
ʷĳҹԣֳշ׼ӦҹϮΪȡʱ䣬ЩаȫԪ֮С

ݣݣ
ҹδ죬ƿԶһѪĴ󺺣ͻȻ޻ʳһ֣ҹ޵塭ˣѾˣ
׼ƴһսҹͻȻͣһѪֳһضˣѪ˵ʲô˵һΣ
Ǵɽһ·ӻҹǿߡѪ
Ѫʱߣȫˮʹ塭̫ˣˡ˶ˣ
ҹһΣһվȣͻȻŰ죡ǲ㣿ǲµ֣ҶȻɽʧܣҲڽȫϣǲǿ޵Ź֮Ҫҹ壿죬Ҳ
ҹЪ˹ķ񱩺ȡ
רӦŹħİüƳҹһۣҪҹ壬֪ͨһ
˭ҹȻţֻԸ壬˭
ӦѪ赭дûнҹķһ£·мҹߣҲֻһСˡ
˭˭ôɥĲҪɱҪɱȫ尡ҹļ
ˣˣѪͻȻһ־ؿ

޴ޱȵħЯħͻȻԶ춯صħص֮䣬һıʿھħ·ʱһ屬鿪Ѫϸһ
ħÿһŰ۷ǿߵħϯһ鶼ȥ
һͷҷסòΰӰħƣ֫ǡùǾŸط޴Ĵ󺺣·𱻾ħţħ֮ĵ޻ʳǵնħסѹѹľ
ȫĶԸħͻȻ˹ȻɫˣͻȻҹ㲻Ķ֣
ҹûȰЪ˹ıţҶҵ˱ɱҪ𣡣
ͻȻ˹Ǵ̣Ŀռ䱻Ǵȫˣ͵سǻħ޻ʳǶסĴ󺺳ȥ

һߵ죬Ѿ׼Ӧҹıˣ֪ؼʱ򣬾ȻǿͻȻ٣Ķָȥˡ

պȻһЦҹаȫԪˣӽ֮аͼʩչҷģһҪҹȫ壡
ѾˡǰĴ󺺣ͻȻɫŹֵضԼ˵
˭˭ôվ




305 

̶֣ȴüմľվǶ㱡
ƽؿһԲ֪Ҫһֵķ
Զħ֮նħס׹ħļ컹δ׵Ź֮ȴſȾŹʿ
ҹ˰Ȱ裬ɫس˼죬Ȼ;ͱħ
Լħľħ·ھĵһ㣬ħӰ쵽˵飬ҹħס׹ǵڤצȫʩչҲܹѾħľ
ֲħסҹҹȴκǾħ
ҹİ׹ǵγɵһħסħٿһ仯ʹ֮гͻݺݵؽҹҹ֮һڤצʩչĹצ֣ҲֻܹħһЩƬСĺۼȴܹ
ħҹҹеͷųȻֵܹסħķ˺ҧӾȻھħĹ̸
ֻа֮ΪȴԽžŹ֮ҹȵôǱ
һħ¾

ҵ૵ɫ㱵ؿħĿˣֿ˿ɫһȻ죬ҵ
컺ͷü¸꣬û뵽Ȼӣ׹ħ֮Ȼô¡ϧѾû̫ʶֻƾɱ¾ıɱ¾ˣҲ֪Ǹǻˡ
ôӣΪʲôΪʲôɫŹ֮ɻǷ
Ҳ֪Ϊˡһ˵أҲ֪ţֻΪʲô֣ԵˡҲãȻ⣬ɫ졣
ǲ涯ֽţֻвſԽ֮ͷųҲֻвſԽŪɫȻһ䣬ͻȻ᲻Ҳڸ
һԥһŵܡ
ϽԼͷſϣܹԼѰټȻֻǳһ£Ͼͷˡ
ǲֻҪ治Ҳûʲô˿Ѱټ
Ȼƣȴޱȣҹħס֮Щǧʿ׷׳żɱȥ
Щĸ֣ѾѪеõ˸Ϣ֪Ǽһ·Ѿڱɱ̫ˣֹҹ౱Ҳڼбɱˡ
УͰЩʿ壬ϢһѪдۼڶ౱ʿͻȻȫˣϽ쵱ԼĿꡣ
ϱ޴͸ļ죬ħһȻ֮䣬κֻҪᴥŭӭըķħħ֮ļ첻ħסҹԽħޱȵó
һ˿ϻħϮֱӽûͶ֮䣬౱ʿڼĹ֮»
Ȼ֮䣬ʼ׷ɱгԵչѪȵɱ¾һʿͻͻȻּΪµޣǵֱӱӲ˺ѣ
֫ҷɣһͷ­һĻ飬һ޼᲻ݵѪѸٲЧոЩʿ
һʱ䣬һʿֵ죬쳹״ݻٵǣױ嵽ˣЩҲ˲ͼսͷӳֻҪԶǷ֮ء
ڶܰĹħѷ裬˫͵һ˿˷ܵĹâʼеʳЩĴꡣ
һʿڼϮ֮£ȫ飬òӳȴħ˸ӣ׷ױħʳ
϶л˸ĹħʱѾڶʱҪǿ󣬼ǰһʱҲҲħ׻ķֻܱȵĹħϵǱܡ
ħ˸֮ڿռ֮еķӱԽԽ࣬־Ź۷֮ĸ֣ȫʩչҲֻܹаħĴܡ
аȻŻйħħһּ룬ɹ˶ãħ¾ۼ
ħǹª֮֮ڴӹħ֮ϳݡ
ħһԲ屻а֮ȻȴͨЩɱָôһʱħһ£ͻָһ£û̫ˡ
Ⱥ͹壴սʮİȻʼֳƣ̬ˡ

գ⹫뿪ȥ㸸סͻȻ
˺һؿڱʿ֮дɱļ죬죬ͻȻ뿪ȥ
գӦѾżǱ߳˹ȥ
Щɱıʿ꣬ǶݳеԪһգ׷ױеԪ˱ȥδߣеԪ龹Ȼһʳʮꡣ
ӱ˷ۼĸ֣ʿͰʿڼĻɱ֮£Щ˺ܶ˶ܲĿֲħϮκһħ塣
Ԫ֮ʮʿ꣬ʿһʿԪ֮УԪȻһ£Ԫ·ҲԽԽ
ʱ֪κħĸ׼棬Ҳ֪ܹľϣܹڻָ֮ǰ˺
ѽؽ޵˹ΪԪڴڲʹʧĸףҲôһħģûйԪԴСܸĸĹذҲҪôѡ
ۿżħ״̬֮µķģǶɱ䣬ֻʹ޲ھɱԪڣǲһս

ҪţһᣡΪ챻ڶ౱ʿΧסʧȥ˲ٶħƿأҹͻȻӾħ֮ѳؽ
޸ĵļգϽ֮Ԫڵȭ׸ֻһֲȭѾ֣ҫ޼᲻ݵĹâ

ͻȻԪ֮еķעȭ֮ڣһȭ޴в˵ġ
ξˣ
ڵԪеĿֲմں׾;ξԴľξˣص˲˾أֱҹȥ
Ԫҹڶа飬ոʳ˲ٱʿ꣬Ԫͼյںһÿ͵ؼעȭ֮УһƱؾ춯ء
һɱɽݻСɽʱҪǿĿ
䣡䣡
һ㣬·Ҫˣ񱩵ȭ֮зӵνҹû


306 ɱҹ
οҹҹİ׹ǵİ׹Ƿ״ݻ٣ҹ峹ױǾθûˣʧھ֮С
ҹǰֳʱѪ죬Լ徹Ȼ֮ǰͷųĹǴ̸͸ˣһϸСĹǴϣѪҪš
ҹţǲţеܣⲻܣ
Զ벻ᱻôһСˡ
ҹ󲻵ЩʿҲһʧɫֱһԯôֲ֮ȻԽҹôһŹʿܣֱǲ
ˣ׷׾УһЩͼϽЩĸ֣Զһ㣬»ΪյһĿƵġ

Ǿɢӱܵʱ򣬼ǴؿҹԼһۣǲɹһЦ
춯صһֱ֮齩ӲѪֻȭװţ˿װˡ
ȭһʵ̫Ϊµһ㣬ڵıֱȵˣҲĿɿڴе㲻һǱԼͷųġ
ڵԪ֮еϣþξ˽ȭеʩչȻôµɱҹ˳ӣ˵ȭ׺ԪĿˡ
ôµһȻЩܵļˣԲŻֱ۳Ѫ״Ѫȭ׹סˣ˲ܷ֡
һ֮׶ʱǲܹʹȭ׵ˣһ۷ҪشɣôҲû¶һ˿ƣ̬ϾĳҹһۣҹҲˣȻҶӦ治֪Źʿô޵ġ
ҹļѪɫ԰ֽ˿գǼ죬Ŀеĺݶ֮ɣ֪Ҫȶ˭ˡ

㣡㾹ȻҲԶһֱܰĹħͻȻȺ֮۵ļһͻȻ߳˹
ʱħ֮Առ϶֮УչûħڼտνǺ޵˹ӣһ֣ʲôˣ
һǻѪʱȴˣŹħѸٽӽȻ侲
ʱħ϶Ȼǿһڶ
˫ħһԪӣٿƾֳԪķڣԺٴʱԪ֮еҲͷ˳
ĹħһӷԼ·׹һĪ֮УԪ֮䣬ķһĽֽͷų͸Ԫ֮е
ħǱһӴֱӸԪ֮С
Ѿǿ󵽲˼ĵزһԪ֮УħԪž޴ӰûһԥħͼϴԪ֮ѳ
ȻȥףҪѳȴף
ͻȻ֣Ԫֽ⵽һ̶֮ɲܹԪγɵ֮гÿԪתһȦۼͻһ֡
ħͻȻļɢ
γɿʼһֱݺ۳£ûκκ鱦ԽסΪǧ˿֮󶼶ܲġ
϶ôĴ½ĸΧ֮£һΪΪʵڲҲ仯ݳȥ
Ϊԭʼռϸûκˡκε鱦ܹɱֻܽشˣֻҪʱͨʳʿǿһλý
ڹħʼЩˡ
ĵ޾ֶųɱ漼ƺĿǣܹ
ħĿʼˣӰ֮£ؾԪ棬ѣƺԪһ
գڴʱҹһڤצŪ
ҹȻˣȴʼղԼյϮһ͹ħ棬ҹͲסˣͷųͼոɱ
ҹ֣ͻȻһ
͹ħйİ̵ʶ˹ħĿֲ޲ߵҲعǡ
ΪΪ۷ǿߣǺ͹սʮ죬һȹħԪ֮УĲԪɱħһҲ֪ںδȴ֪ǹħĿǡ
֪ɹħ䣬д½һѣˣϣȽħȻٳʣµ顣
ϧҹѾױ޳ͷԣ֪ħĴڻĿֻţֻƾеִҪոɱ
צϮɫδ䣬òֳӦҹͻȻ̫þ֮С
ʱȭ֮еźηҹֻݱܷâ̫þһһ㣬򱻳ûҹȻܹɱ
òˣ
Ƭ̵ķģȴΪħһᣬΪͻȻһңԪ֮УͻȻһǼͣ١
ôһǼͣ٣ħ˳һû֮лΪΡ
ȥˣǺ֮ҲңʱһὫ糹ױ仯Ϊǵ磡
ħԶƮʧ
һ䣬ȴҲ޷ֹ껯ΪɳݵĹħ

ҳҹţѰżյټԼϢͷų֮вϵţҪո׻ȥ

һѵħͻȻԶֳ˲佫ҹһξסԶŵļ죬Ѿûһ˵ҿˣɱ̫ıʿЩ֮ǵıʿҲˡ
в֮£ܹеĳʱ
̫¼֮еļգִ̫¼г֣žħҹʱͻȻԪҹ
ƻĵԪ֮ðĹֱӽҹ棬ڶӰӿҹҹãȻҪʱǶһ
ħȻûκη£˺ҧץ飬ӲǽҹһƬƬ⡣
һ٣ҹãͻȻֳԪҫ֮£سԪȥ
Źʿ꣡
ͻȻˡ


307 ԪڵĹ磡
üͷһ̾һһ޴໡⣬˺ն
໡⡰͡죬ƺû̺ԪȻȴȻɫҹһֻ֣æ˻ٿð̵ǧӰӰģһ˲䣬춼ǷļյӰ˷ֱ治һ
յľʧƺԵЩˣŪ໡·Ϊ˶Ը໡⿿ҹʱγһɫĹ֣ҹ档
ԪӰãҹ걻໡ôһ֣һӻָʶ겻ϣ໡γɵĹУҹɲıɫżռߺȣһɱ㣡һᣡ
һξļգźһŹʿҪռôҪǿ󣬱ȵҹаĺ
һԪڣȻܹԪø˵ͿԪһֳ鱦һȭѾˣպڴԪ鱦
ϧ;һţĴƸֹ޷˳ҹȡ
ΪΪ۷ĴڣܹħҪɱȴ׾٣ȭ׵һͷųҲû˿պͰ治
ԣȻģϹϵصĳˡ

ϣҹ屻˺ɷľħȻʱ˹ħһ໡ϣħӿɫ֣Ȼɫַ˹ѡ
Ѿ˳ȥļգһϲִԶķɻˡ
ɫĹԽԽʱ򣬼һνԪԪǿ⣬ֽҹС
֪һŹңԣܹľǲôᡣ΢΢һЦץԪԼķ͵һ
ԪĹâסҹεţѸٷ˼գâһҹ־رԪû˲ʧˡ
ԪһҹһŹʿʳȥԪ·ˣһ΢ͼƺ¶ˡ
ߣɫͻȻһʶô
˭֪仰˵˭ģȴûжԽҹߵļն֣˲Ϣ䵽˼ԡ
ħسŰȥȻħδ㱻һɰԾµâסˣƾħεķָε棬ô岻
ħļ죬ӳֿʼʹɱķҹЩĸ֣ܹκ
ڰԳˣķɱ¾ڱħȫסΰֻһΣͳڼԡ
ڷֵǿУħҪطӿֳԵȫ֡
һͷǹħ롣
ħ֮У֮ԪеʿһԪҺͿ񱩣׷״Ǳ߶ܿ
һ򣬻ʮƮƮһӳȥ
Ǳǰɱʿ
ҹԪеļգһһνԪͷųЩĴݵ꣬һЩԪγɵ籩֮УϾͻᷢԪ龲ǶȺǡ
ЩһԪĹâסҲѲˣ׷ױԪʳΪԪ֮е
Ԫ֮еԽԽŨˣԪ΢һͼԽԽԪУʼͷųӰ˵бʿʼ
ٿأԪ֮У˱Դ֮һտվң
һû˿ԥϽԼʶſԪ֮еıԴ֮ȡϵô£
ԪڵĿռ俪ʼϵرأطǳգұ棬ʱܹˣԪͣҴԴ֮æ
ɫ䣬۾оڣķ仯ţŽԼԪ鷢ı仯һ¡
һһϵĹͨУͻȻӿͷǼ䣬Ԫ·һ壬ʶȻԪ֮УԪ֮й翪ʼϵ졣
һޱ磬谵ûй֮вһͬʩչ׾γɵ鲼ÿһ䣬ÿһƺһƬء
ŽԼʶһȴִ֮ͻȻ谭֮еĽƷ·𱻴һ˲ʧˡ
춼Щ·Ƕϣÿһ֮жŽƣյһЩͻ£ϣʧ
谵Ĵϣأðһݣݱըɫݳɫգϵ֮УЩһŴڣɫû
磬ôظôһ̣ȻյȴԲõĽ򱻲ϵ
һϤӰͻȻڼյֳ
ǱԪûҹ
ҹ֮걻һطֽ⣬һѸٴɢһա
ҹһһЩŽеıʿ꣬һԪ֮УǵͱֽΪһ˿˿̣Щ̶ȫʳˡ
Դ֮Ҳһܺߣ֮У˲ͬǡԴ֮ʵ壬ϣݵ֮УеĹˮû
һˮ֮ˣ֮мţҪشӳȻֽȴ֮еסǱԴ֮·Ҳܹ֮ѳ
յʶڷ˱Դ֮۳һڱԴ֮ϷΪʲôΪ
Դ֮ϲżռһ˷֮󣬱Դ֮ſЦŽͣЩ˵³ҲˣֻҪ̬һԪ֮жЩһաʵ巵飬ҲӲЩ˱
ôû£УǰΪʲôû£Ȼ
ķתģԲܹӰ죬ԪİˣȻްԴ֮ЦͣҲǾֱ仯ڿ粢Ԫʵ磬ֻԪ֮ڵϢൽһĳ̶ȣϲŻЩȻԪеͱˡ
ȻûԪ֮е仯ˣʱҲϸʣֻһ£ϵҸô㣿
ֹͣطı仯߽ҴطŪȥԴ֮
Ԫ֮еļյ꣬ʼԪı仯ȻεķԼžٻȭףȻͼϵһѸٱ仯һ޴ޱȵǾ޴ޱȵ֮У³д½һлҪӴȭ׳
ȭԪ֮һ֣Ԫ֮ϳȭĿϧֻ̬ļգȻȭ׸ٻˣȴܹʹãҲȭֹͣԪ֮еı仯
ˣ㻹ǡǰŪɡֻܹԪİˣǲܹԪ֮еĹ仯ı䣬տգסңҵʱͬȻ뿪ԪɣԴ֮һۼƺʹ˾Ԫ֮еȴû˿仯̲סˡ
áðɡΣԼס˱Դ֮ԼϢע˱Դ֮ʵ֮С
ޱȵģǱԴ֮һϼյϢסһûһǿҵ˱ˣԴ֮ɱشӷ˳ͼյһѸٳϷȥ
ôȥͻȻʵ
ոսʶӿԪʱ׾٣ϾʱԪڣֻҪۼʶԪ֮оͿˡ
Ԫ֮УԸӦֻǹԪ磬ģ޷ҵȥĳ·
Ӧı壬Ȼͨоı壬ٶȿ쵽һزʱ򣬾ͻ˲䴩ǰȥġԴ֮
Դ֮ѶŽյҵĵһ£ƾźͱһϵհձԴ֮˵ٶߵ۷塣
ͻȻ䣬ӿֳһӵѣλʣڵ·һ֮ͨУֻһѾ˺ռϣ·˱塣
Դ֮ҲԪ֮гˣſļϣµհ
ع壬ûüȥΧͻȻִԪ֮Уҵǿ⣬ǿ˲佫סԪͼϸȻеĹ켣һģһ
һǳͼԪϳֳһ˿˿֮Ԫ֮ӿһǰսõԪȻͬ
ǰԪ֮нõԪԪҺһԽȴգһս֮ЩĲ٣֮ڵҲطԪ֮С
ȻһδԪ֮˿˿ȴǴЩ˿һһϾ뼧Ǻһ۵֮УϵǿҲһֹ켣ʼת
꣬ʼ仯


308 µһ
ǧ˿Ƶξ˿һ״棬С
һδԪ鵱ݳԭȶͬˣЩǳ죬ͼյĺӦ뼧յ֮Уü״겻Ѹ׳࣬ڵһתı仯״겻ϵصı仯ţǿմγɵɢۡ
״귴ı仯ţ仯ı仯޾ƺ״仯һһֳ
ûһģյʼ𽥵׳
Ԫ֮еڽʧˣԪҲٹâҫԪ棬ǳͼ˳ȴͷųâ
нԪ飬״ƽϢǿտãȻʶҲ»ع顣
Ҫȥ̽ͷԼ˴ȵΪŨ񣬿Щ۷֮ǿߣԿ϶ڵ˵֮ˣ̫Ҳûж̶ϱȵù
ǿԴôȣҪ߷ؼͻ꼼ؽǿΣǿ֮Ϻ̫֮ϵøס
ĻֻҪһ֮ͻߣ»ᱻϮ⣬ǿҲ֮ϡ̫֮øףһν֮ϣڶʱȡ㹻ԽԼǰ̫֮ľ硣
ǿž޴ĺôֳԪվͨ޻ʳǵ޻ʳϷıĸ֣ȻҲһӲˡ
ͻȻһϤϢ޻ʳǵһǱӦˡ
ʯǧ٣
һʯǧйһսѾؼסʯǧٵϢǶɨ֮زڰһϢһ϶ʯǧټ
֪һ׵ĳΪʯǧ٣Ҳʯǧԣһ֮󣬼ɫȻʼ˼Ÿν״ڶǿ֮д˵ء
䣡
ħ֮д֮Ԫײ޻ʳյħͻȻʧˣ¹Ӿ֮ϻҫ޻ʳ֮ϣ׵¹ڶ֮еĸֵϡ
ȻһϷе˼еע·ǰ
ֻǰ߸վ֮Уΰɽħļ죬ȴѪ죬һ˫Ѫɫг޾ĺ⣬ϧڻħʼ½ǾħҲ֪ιʧӰ١
Ȼħ֮ļ죬ɲǰĶ֡
ɫȻؿż죬ұ̫ɱ㣬Ҳ˽
ڶɱģ
ӳһֱûжκİͻȻһ׳˫ս˫սڹ˸սǷӵħͼ˫սһӣԾµа˫ս֮Ȼֳ
һǼ䣬޻ʳǵϷ·޵ǧħͶֳһӷ·׹޵
˫ս޵֮Уż쿳ȥ˫ս֮Ŀռȫ׷ԾµаϢ޵֮ӿħһ˲ס˼죬û
ջۿż챻޵ûѾȴⰢǺεȿֲˡ
ȭһֳ֮еעȭ֮У˱ҹڶ౱֮ԪеֱǺк뼧յֱ֮УһȭδյֱѾƤѣѪģˡ
׶ĵʹտһԥؽڵԪԪڵ޾ںϣǰ˾ξˡ
Ǳ֮ǰҹʱҪһ
ǰɫ䣬ǼסƵ˫ս˲Ϣ䱻Ӽϸ˻޵չͬǣһεĿǼգ
޵֣ǧħͶۻ֮طڳ˫սİԾµңңӦֱżո
ͻȻ䣬շԼһռ䣬ڴɰŪ޵֮У޷ӦΧһУ޷ۼԪ
죬أһУƿأ
䣬նعӰ죬һ²ܹΨһԲԼġֻоξˣ
׺ξ˵һ㲻֮κηԼĳѾȻ򣬼Ϊ޵еİҲһ޿κΡ
޵бħͶۿɼٶһһʧ޵ۻھξ˵֮£ͻȻѣȻѿһ϶
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޵ɢˣھξ˵֮£˫սʹɢ
޻ʳǵ¹ʱ˫սҲ˰֮УؿżգͻȻˣʲôˣΪʲô᲻ϧľ
һξ˺ȭ½Ԫ顣
ۼգֱ۰׹ɭɭҲûһ˿Ѫ׹צ֮ڣýץԪ顭
նͷ亹ֱһȻؿԼֱۣǰһۣ˵ͷһԲͻȻҧ촽һ̣ӼյڴıŤƤѣѪɽѪ֮Уʧˡ
еıʿϣֻһЩʿ׷ˣһųϷ׷ȥҪջżץס
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ұܴ˴裬ôưոݣ
ôûвսһҲؽ߾ȫʵ̫ˣ
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ʿһߣЩ겻뱱ڴս壬Ҳܲˣеı˶ʾһλȫϰĴƣչѪȵı
Щʿģαʿ糹ױŭˣǸΣ˵ЩһǿϵģεʱܹĴơ
˸ƣбʿȫŵ״е飬ڻõʱҺ͹һսȻʤˣȴ󣬺ֺ͹ħͼһսҵʮȥߡ˹֮⣬һ档
ǻѪıʿһӴסˡ
ǡǲǺʥĸйЭ𣿡һĸ֣
ʥĸмǾǲĶ֣ǰڲУɾ˾Źʿ֮Һ͹壾սȴҲ汨һֱԲĻ⣬ǲĶ֡
Ӧô죿ѵôЩʿµ
һ£ͻȻԿܴ˽ѣֻȫֻҼʱ䣬һָ˹һȥɱյȫɱ
һ£¼䣬۷ŹʿδսһҺ͹սˣʤˣˡһսʮˣ氡棬ʮܹ֮һұؽ̤أͳ
Сһȥʦһᣬǳ֮ʣعң
˫ɽ޻ʳǵƫƧһѹȹȥ
ʯǧٹЦǶֳˬʵõģİɣһȥϹġȻ͹壡ħս֮󣬾Ȼսʤħ˼죬ܽǱ̬Ҫһ⣬£ҲֻʸϹһսģϹһ˺֮ģ
һ޻ʳǵૣħ˼죬ԯգˡ
Сӣ뿪𣡡ʿŭ
ӻ֣ߣǽصʱһСӸ
Щ׼ʯǧֵıʿôһ˵ŷ׷װ֣һ޵ؿʯǧȥ
ðҪɱһҪ֣ԶҲɱˣʯǧٹЦôıǿߣ۵糸سԶȥ
졢ʯǧ١̧ͷķ򣬰Żͷ޻ʹжˣ
ү޽˲𣿡һʿͻȻ˷үѾڰ۷֮һĥ³Ȼ
¶һοЦݣѾ޽Ųˣҽ޽Ų㻹ǰʮ꣬СӣĸؽᳬԽң

һĺɽͱϣջ̱ڱʯϣɫ԰ֽؿֻʣ°׹ǵһۣͻȻ״ɥΡ
ûһۣԺʵؽۿۣܶؼʩչ
ѪۣапֲĲ棬ô˻ܣûۣҪǽ棿
ôŵʱͻȻ䣬۹֮ӿһ
֮ģһɭɭ׹ǵֱۣѿһ㣬ȻؿʼµĽѪ


309 ԯ
ֱԭɭɭ׹ǣڼһֱǳ׷ˣ
ϵĻʱֱͻȻ䣡
۵Ĺͷϣٿԯ֮Ѫǹͷ֮͸ѪӴԪ㼯һ𣬾Ȼֱ۶֫Ѹǰ׹֮ϣɭɭ׹ģͻȻѪ¸
ԯ֮Ѫ߷յĶ֫ѪۿɼٶѸٸסֱۣؿֱۣűֻһذ׹ǵֱۣٶȳѪ⡣

һʱ
ֱۻָԭǰһþֱϵĺëպɼŻһ£ֱ۰Ȼֱ۸ûκ
һŽԪעֱ֮УԪֱгͨ裬κεؼһʩչûͣ͡
ǰһģһκεı仯
մϲױ𾪵ˣû뵽ԯ֮ѪǿزȻܹ֫
ŸӦһ£ֳڵԪѪһ֮⣬徹Ȼû̫ı仯ھѪʧȥͨԪתֲԪʧֿԾۼ֮Ԫؾۡ
Ȼ
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ȻԶ֫ôˣܷͬķ¾ۼ
ȻпܣȻڵĶ֫ٻȥֻҪڵĹѪԪڣͬķһؾ
ĻֻҪ겻ǿ
ֻҪֿԣվ;һڣҿ϶ǰǲ棬嶼ûһǰͲȥҲֻӤǶȡһֵ
Ӥϣ൱ޣȻһܹػ۷壬ȴҪ¡
ȡһǸֵ壬ȻԶʱؾΪȡѾĻҲѾˣȡߺѲ۷֮
һ㣬뽫ӱ֮зɳȥ֮мΪգһԪ飬ܹͷųʿΣԸпûеõ֮ǰͱĻɢˡ
ַʽб׶ˣȫȫ֮ߣһǻǱ𣬾ǶɹˣһĥڣǱҷˣҲ׶༪١
һַؾķЧַؾۣԭֻҪķӴԪָˣȶӤԽʡ򱶵ʱ䣡
ô֮󣬼˿ϲͻȻʶԼ˲֮Ǳ˴Ļ鿪Ҳܲ˷ܣ
˷ܹ󣬼ĿǰͣʶֻҪԼ·ȥһտԹ̤أ޻ʹ֮ڣҲͰһľŹ۷֮ǿ߾һսԼǱ֪ԼһܹͻƵŹ֮
أͻȻ䣬뵽˼죬ڻϰ߳ƺΪס
Ժ֮˵û뿪ˣڰİԾµ֮£ȻǼ츺˲ᣬ־壬뿪֮᲻ɱ᲻ᱻʿûɱ
һȷԼĲʲô֮ʼһΧΣȷԼķλ֮⣬ϽԼò仯һһĳǳȥϣܹϢ

һգսϢȥ仯ΪһˣڱĳǳڴҵҺͳ¼Щǳصľݵ㣬ϣܹ֪Ϣ
Ȼȴ·ƾʧһ㣬ҡ¼ҡμҵ鱨鲼ڱ䣬ĴϢȴһ
Ӱгûӳļ죬Ӱ٣ûһ֪ȥʲôطҲû˷ֹټ
ҡ¼ҡμ嶼ܹڱ֪ϢڱҲҵ죬ǼڱѰټ뿪ңűǵķȥ
ͨҵ鱨ȻûеõϢȴõһЩҪ鱨
ڱ޻ʳľһսѾд½ʿ磬ֻҪϵ̨ʿڱڶģͨ;֪˷ڱһ춯صĴս
һսʥ߹սܣҹɱħ³ħ˼췢ٱʿ¾Ӳ
˶һսֻҪʿһսĲҺͲߵǿһʱʿ߶Уڶ޵Ϲִħ׷׳Ϊһս
һսԯȳ׳Ϊҫ۵Ӱлųļգħ˼죬Զ죬ЩһʱΪֵĻ⡣
ʱ˶ԴԣıʿյϢ֮ͳ˴
ĵڹȥˣһλָƽڴص˵ˣ֪ڱϢ֮״ѾҪǲˣ׷״ӱǳˡ

ǧڱǵϷʱ긲ǹȥǶĸӦ֮£ϲ˵˵뿪
ڣһ˾ۼĸ֮ۡУֻһӰڣһ쵽ڳһɼյӴϢǸ֮ۡз˳䵽˱ǵϣ°Ȼգ
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ڲ֮еļգӸµĸűǣüǳɺܰһۣԼͷųʶջͷҲأɽȥ

ɽһ֮û˿ԥֱӽɽɽ
ɽ֮УһȻǶǰɽϺͼĵĵӣΨһվǶˣȴɫȻ΢΢
ͻȻ֣ԶԶ˹һʧ⹫
ͻȻЦˣ˰Ǻǣû¾ͺãû¾ͺˡ
ڹ壵ϣѾûԪĲϵĿ£ƶѻһвʱ˶ȥ
⹫ţ壣عǰ૵⹫㡭㻹𣿡
ҺܺðЦЦȻڱҶ˵ˣ治Ǻǣ⹫ڰжˣȴ԰ȻĻĺˡ˵ǲǰ죿
ͷȴһԲ
һΪȻûˣ廹ܹȥİɳգҿٻģѾ㹻ˡЦ
Ȼ
գ̫֮УжָͻȻ̧ͷĿؿżա


310 ʮ
ΪһΪȫ϶ǳļգôһ˵͵̧ͷ죬ʲô
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죡ֵصһۣǳ֣Ǿҫȷǳһ˵ҪᱻڻὫд½ˣ
ֻǾҫſָѾ˾Ź֮Ѿܹ̫֮ģðҲҪһԣȵ
֪⡣һ̾ؿŶݵļգգ⹫ӺܺãʲôȥȻԻѾˣĲٴλʲôġ
տŹ壣Żͷ⹫ˡ
һ㶣ϸسۣͻȻЦ⺢ӣе˼ôԣΪ⹫Ӧңȥ̫֮ʲôҫ⹫ڰ۷֮ʱҲȥͬ޹⹫ðա
ҲУվͲУǿΪһԯɾԶԶǰ漸ڲֻʥѪʥȸľѪʥȸԣԿܾҫлᣡ
Ҫ˵ˣһȻŭˣҫǧһΣһҫѾһǧˣ˵ȥܹ֮еĸֲֻд½ô½İʿ׷״ѾҫһǧЩ½жǿ֣߳˽ҫ̫֮Ĵߣ
ԣƳ˼һۣεص˵ͷˣҲٶ˵ˡ
ЩǰɽǬɨһۣȻһЦͷӣǶȥɣİɣΪʦһʱ˵ġ
ǬڵЩǿߣôһ˵׷׵ͷһĬĬȥˡ
ԥһ£Ҳ뿪ֻ¹壺ͼڡ
Ӧ⹫Ҫȥ̫֮ʲôҫиΪĿռ䣬ϣ㽫ĳɾͱضԶԶ⹫żգ
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һԲŹ壵Ľ
֮ʱҪε£Ҫµ֮꣬ľͨд½巴ſͻŹ֮
һκ˵ھŹ֮ʱҪɼ޾ǳ֮ҪܵĸԶһЩ߰ٶʮѨλŹʿΧ߰ٶʮѨλֻɼ߰ٶʮǳǳֱ֮ע߰ٶʮѨ֮Уܹ߰ٶʮѨλ֮еǳ֮ȫڻͨ޵Ź۷֮
ǳ֮ղİһǳ֮ΪֻһСʯͷ
һǳ̺֮֮ȴҪǳ֮ϵǳߵǿϰٱֹŹʿһѨ֮еҪǳ֮Ҫȼһεһ黹Ҫ࣬ǳ֮һǳĸһǳвγ̫ǳ֮
д½½ЩΧµڶ½ϣŹʿÿһҪǳ֮ѨЩѾܱϵǳ֮еǳ֮ҪɼˣЩŹʿòңԶȥɼǳ֮ѶȺΣһӴ̫ܵԶĻŹʿпܻõ׹޾
ΪôһԭԶʱھŹʿŻ϶࣬ΪǸʱ򸽽֮еǳ֮кܶ࣬ŹʿԷĵĲɼеǳ֮ԼѨ
Ȼǳ֮ȡ֮ģǳ֮ɷǳѣʱƣ֮еǳ֮ԽԽˣеǳ֮еǳ֮ɼһˣµǳ֮ûɡ
֮£ŹʿΣǲòݵԶȡɼǳ֮ǧ֮µľŹʿĲϳ֣Զǳ֮ҲᱻɼôһŹʿҪϵصĿأѶȻ𽥵󣬾ЩŹʿпܾͻᱻ̭ˡ
Ϊǳ֮ϡٺԲɼŹʿ֮޾Ϊǳ֮ƴҲټܶŹʿô޾ʧˣԶԻع鱾塣
桢ңĿ޼߰ٶʮѨλѾȫ߰ٶʮǳ֮Уֻʥĸûкͻ߰ٶʮѨλǳ֮ڻͨΪǳһҺһսƱһҪء
桢ң߰ٶʮѨλǳ֮ѾڻͨҲǿ֣֮Ҫ˵ӦǲͰǿһЩһҵóϡ
ǿ֣ǻ߰ٶʮѨλȡ߰ٶǳ֮߰ٶʮǳӦ𣿡ɻ󲻽
Цŵ˵ͷô˵ǳҲǿְ֮һ˵Խǳеǳ֮ԽǿһŹʿõ߰ٶʮǳ֮˶ǳôʿڵȻҲҪЩ΢СǳѨλ޳ɵľŹʿǿһľŹʿͻƵʮ֮ĿҲ͸󰡡
˵ǰõǳֱ֮ȽϴǳŻһ㣿վ
壵ͷͰǲѨǳ֮͸ˣЩǳ֮ҲڸΪңԶһЩ˶ǳд½ϣͰˣվ۷塣
ͰȻѾ磬Ϊʲôٳٲܹʮ죿ʡ
û֪ЦЦ޵۷һ£ͻһ£ôͻƵʮ֮һԯھŹ۷֮ǻʼܹٽһһδ֪أܹҶԷ޷ǰУͰңһ㿴谭סˣֻҪٽһͻƣڴ֮ǰǱһ谭
һЩ⹫˵ҵ˴һ谭ķ
ЦЦҲ֪ҺͰһսʱһЩ롭ӦҲⷽĸо򡣡
ͣһ£ɫصҾܹȫѨ仯һȫζĻһΪһǳ֮ѨǳһƶǴһ谭ķȫѨеǳһƶΪʧҲ֪ʵ֡
ô˵ܷͻƵʮ֮ռɫ΢΢һ
˭֪أҺսʱ򵽵ģΪʱ죬ӦҲ֪ˣͲ֪ǲǶԵģȷЩУϣͻƵʮ֮һ壵
ҲóԸģҪɱҧгݵ
壿żգһ̾һ£ŵҲԹҺ֮սܹƽǹĻңķڷסԺͰ֣õʹʲôƺͶֶΣǣĶмҪСĽֶβ־ҲὲκιأһжöΪĿģ
ǰʥĸǡյ˵ͷһ
Ҳǽ֣ҪУû㹻ʵ֮ǰǧҪðա壶һ䣬ȥɣҪɽһЩ齻
ɽʲô飿ҿ԰æġҪ
ЦЦҡͷûʲô£㽫ԯȸæþˣߵ㲻òģҪʲô飬ɽԯȿôһ˸㴫ġ
ôһ˵ղŴӦֺ͹˵˼עĻڴɽ֮뿪

˵˵̫֮ľҫɡһɽȥ϶Įڱѩص
ƺһ㶼û⼧յʻ̫֮ĺ֮һ̫棬ҫ̫֮ڵġм䣡סûбȸ֮򲻿ɿҫһֻʥȸѪ걻ȸ֮֮󣬲ſȥǾҫ
ȸ֮ʥȸѪջͷˣһᾡȫ̽Ѱڵܣ
ʥУѾõ׻ʥ޵ѪֻҪڵʥȸѪǹԲˡ
컺ͷ˵ҪСģ̫֮ΣأҪȥȡҫǵһҪ̫֮ĵֻܹʹķ֮󣬲еֵϣмǣ
֣صصͷİɣһֽ
ţȥˣȥɡ첻ٶ˵ʲôתȥɽ


311 ׷
ģɽǧ֮
ҽĵĻ֮أط֮ƶһ鲼ڵ֮Уҽһݵҽ̶ðš顱ݣ˾֮
ܱߵʯպɫģǵ֮һҶǧʽ򣬺ܶȸʥ޹ͨʿ;ʱܻһЩص׵쳣ȴûܹﵽ˵ء
Ȼ죬ǹҽ̶֮ϣȴһ˻ţϺ£ƤʳɫҶ֮еʯɫһ¡
Ǵɽǧļա
ѭʥȸ΢Ӧһ·ɽϷҵôһ֮أͨһϸСĵصѷ죬Ž˵صףһֱ˻ɽĵصףôһȸµ֮ء
ʥȸԲٿ֮Ļ֮ҲǼ˵Ļԣҽ̶Ϸſǧɵĵĸ棬һӴ󵽲˼ݷš
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Ȼҽ̶ϷȴҲҲĵķˣȥֻֻܹǱҽ̶ͨҽ̶пܸģֱۿʥȸģ
ϧõ뷨ע޷ʵ֣ҽ̶֮о˵ˣ·ڻ
ȡӴкųƼӲޱȵٸʯӱһЩ̵ʯͷһһͶҽ̶֮УƵķеļʯͷһҽ̶֮УȻͷһڻգۼʧ١
˸£ֱŻҽ̶ȴҽ̶ʮ֮󣬻ˮ־ͻ᳹ױѪҪӷ
ʱƤùѣͻͻּԯ֮ҲܲסָµϮ
ˣûðʧĽǱҽ֮УŽԼʶſҪͨʶѰص׸ķ
Ȼһҽ̶֮УҲһɻ˼ȸµӲϮ״궼гԲòϽеʶҽ̶г
ĵҽ̶ʵһ޽ķƣҽ̶֮дڵĻ֮Ҫκεطĵ֮ҪҰٱֿµĻ֮£ǾŹ֮ǿ߶ҽ䡣
֮⣬ҽ̶лŷһڱ׹ҽ̶֮бĿȻΪֹʿǵӡ
ҽ̶ƴڣԶžʿðȻ룬ڵ֮֮ʥȸȷ˴ڵ֮лָ
ܴ󣬼ղòʥȸķʼҽ̶֮ϣһ齫ԼʶУѰڵȸѪ
һһ飬ĮȻ֮УճѰÿһѨÿһŽʥȸڵѪҳ

ʱҴҶҲ֪˶ãջӳ֮ɵؿЦҡҡͷȻ
߾ȫȫʩչѾȫÿһ䶼ϸϸѲһ飬ҿ϶֮ÿһѨÿһëϸ׶ϸˣȻһ
ʼǲŪˣǲԼ֮УûȸѪڣ
ҪȻΪʲôԼôµֺʥȸôΪʲôڵѪȴзӦ
÷ǳɻ󣬿ʼʥԼ˻ɡ
ϥ֮У㶵ؿµҽ̶һ˼Ÿδ⡣
ãһҧݵƴһˣ
ҽ̶ʮɵļգڵԪγһڵɫ֣·ҽ̶
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ԪѸĵ϶Գһ죬ʼѣϸСѷ֡
ôֲĸ֮£κεᱻմݻ٣Ԫ۵Ĺ֣һܹ⡣
һ߳·ҽ̶ӽһ߽ڵԪԴԴϵػǹ֮УάŹֲҽ̶˸Ƶ
ڣ֧֮£ҽ̶ֻһԶˡ
µ˴ðÿʱÿ̶ҪڵԪĵƾӴԪܹ֧岻ּ尾
ּ³ҽ̶ֻдԶˣ顱ðŵݼҪǹֵĵײˣʱ򣬼սָָ͸˹֣һûҽ̶֮С
׶ĵķմʹֻһǣȻͼҽ̶ָƤȫڻˡ
ֻнָͷܱߵʯһյͨ죬ƺܹסҽ̶ķܽ
̲סʹһؿһҽ̶֮жڻĹͷʹȴţ
ͻȻʶĹȻҪΪӲʯͷҪ̣ЩӱʯͷڻһָͷȴȻ֤Ĺͷжôˡ
˵ͬʱòȫʩչӦͨһָͷľ
Щҽ̶·꣬ͻȻҵйһ㣬ͨյһֹǣسżյȥ·Ҫڻ
˿ɼĵصǧҽ̶ϣͷ󺹵ʹţڵ߷ص谭͵ҽ̷ڻϮֹԼûŪȸ֮Ѫ֮ǰҽĻ׻ٵ
ڵԪԴԴϵسָۣһССֹǣȴ춯ص񳱣֮ĳҽ̶ƺ
հһãԥҪҪҽ̶ָջЩҽƺ˲ˣڸߵţЩҽγɵĲˣܻὫûˣһ׶ĵʹ࣬Ҫһ߷ı飬Щ֧ˡ
׼ʱͻȻ䣬֮ĲѨڣһ΢С֮Ӳ飬ڻ˿
һѪ
̵Ѫڻ֮󣬷·һѸڻڣڵ֫ٺ֮С
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ʶһͨһ׹ҽ֮У
·ԽﶼܻҽһӽӸûˡ
֮ǣΪ־鲢û˷ҽ֮Уȴûڻë˲ʧ֮⣬Ѫް
ˣҽЩȫëף֮ڣҲǰȻֻӴĻ֮ЩӦˡ
û£Ȼ˫ҽ̶֮ڣı仯ЩãȻ֪롣

󣬼ͻȻ巢ı仯ֻһӦпϲ̲ס˷ܵĽг


312 µ
徹Ȼҽ̶еĻ
ȷе˵Щҽ̶еĻʥȸѪ嵱ꡣ
ҽ̶֮д̫ĻЩԭͲһ˿ԲɼģȻѪ֮кʥȸѪں֮ҽ̶еĻ׷һеԶ˵·ʧȥá
ͻȻ䣬յƺ˺ͻͬͬԴѾ˻׵һ֣ȻҲͲܻӰ졣
ҪЩʲôֻҪŽҽ̶״̬Щҽ̶֮еĻͻ壬֫ٺ֮ڣһ壬ĻƤ⡢͹һαǿһαĥ
ʱţҽ̶еԽԽû̹ʹĸоѾʧӰ٣֪ʱָѻָƤû˫ۣȴֵָ֪ѾȻˣʲô⡣
ſ飬ҽ̶֮нţȥܣڵѪ˱ҽ̶֮еĻ
ȻҲЩȵĸоȴرǿңȫܷΧ֮ڣףȣڵĽѪ⡢ЩͨЩӵǿ͡
Ȼ֮䣬һĸо
ҽ̶֮еĻ壬ûʿĥһڴĥĸоһͷֳյȻ
Щ֮ߣĽѪ֮УǿøӼ᲻ɴݣӦһеĸ£ͺñھ֮вĳϡʣϡʵø޼᲻ݣʹԡ
Ǳʣʵ֮ͬ
ôͻȻʶĴʥԼνػʵеΪӳǲòԼľѪʩϣԴǸİ
ͷһԺֳƺ֮ȥˣҽ̶֮Уһ˼һа룺ʥ˵ǲǽֻе

ʱϢš
Լ뷨֮еļգͻȻӳ˼оѣͻȻ䣬ЩڵĻȫһ֮󣬿ʼسȥ
ָоǳϤ֮ʱûϵʯա޴󷨡ڻԪʱҲ֮С
ĸоһ֣յעȻȻأսԼġ޴󷨡ʩչյĲ裬ʼЩŽЩȷ´ꡣ
ɽ뿪֮ǰǧһҪõȸ֮һҪȸĻһ飬ſԽ̫֮ȡҫΪǾҫΧ겻õʥȸĻһֻлɢ
ˣָоһԺֳ֮Ȼ־ϲϽ굱ںѪҺĲ衣
޴󷨡ʩչ£ǿԼøĻԼ״֮׶ĵʹ࣬һʵʩԼļƻ

ڵصǧɵĵҽ̶֮Уţ֮ǰӿڵĻȫһԼꡣ
ҽ̶֮Уֳɫͼ䣬ڶҽ̶֮еĻЩųŵĻӿ״ĳ֮УһȼŹȡ
Ҳ֪˶á
ҽ̶ɵ֮УһƮͷһͷһ˸΢СǳȻ䵽ǳɫ״֮С
ǳͷ״֮У˲䱬鿪㱻ɢͷӡڼյ֮Уֻ곹ɢſȴ

ЩɢͷȻһֿػķţʥȸڵʥȸҲƿ֮Ļ
ΪֻףֱΪ𡢵ػζֻ涼ŷȴ΢
ϣֻа֮ʿ̫֮ſʩչڻ֮һżΪֲɱֻҪʩչԽһʿ곹
ػڵط֮ģҲҽ̶֮еĻ֮𣬵ػԴҩֻҪܹػõػҩҲõػʲѵʿڵʸ̥ǡ
ζʿ壬ͨڵԪķ߷Էһʵˮʯͷʲôʣζ𶼿ȫȼ˶Եеʱܹζ߷䵽ԷϣԷһζˣǵϽմȾζƤе򣬺ܿͻᱻζûױζճ
ζɱʹãνǴޱȣһʿζס궼Ѳᱻֻ׸ճ״֮ʧ
𣬵ػζ𣬺ϳʥȸеĿػš
ڵصɴͷڼ֮б鿪ԼԺ֮ж֮ڣյ״һεķ˱仯
״꣬ıÿԷı仯ŸӦҪҽ̶еĵػʱͻȻɳƷɵ棬˴һмлͨ
Ϊļգȥʩչ̻꼼ʱͻȻַ˱仯˲Ϣֳ״̬ޱȡ
պǾϲ̬ʵ仯ֻҪҪʲôҪĳͻ仯Ϊĳֵ̬ǧһġ
üպ˷ܣһν仯ΪһĻ棬Ű֮еػƿطİЩػ𣬵հȥʱЩ̲ҽ̶֮еĵػ˿һҽ̶֮иػػһŵϵظıǿ
ͻȻ䣬ʶͬԽڻĵػܹ֮ҩΪػԶƺΪ˳ĵػǿ
ףػĻƽ͵һزԴҩҲȷذڵңֻҪѭ򽥽ƺмİսһڵȫվ˳ԷĽ͹һ顣
շ˼飬ػȻûһѶȣһϲϵصɵʥȸٱʾһ¸м
ϧص֮ĵʱȴоӵ֮дЩ뿪Ϣ֪ʥȸڸˡ
˴յҲ˵ʲô̵شҽ̶֮зɳͷ˿ðݳҽ̶ԭ·ء


313 ۺ죡
֮ϣӿݵ棬һɰ׹⾲һҰɫʯ֮ϣһɽЩɽΧһЩʿεȺ˵ټù֮ͬ
һɰ׹ڸڶɽ֮Уۼ˸¹֮ȻԶԶ֮е¹֮ȴĵط¹֮Ҫǿ̫ˡ
ɰ׹Ť仯ţһףһǳǿͼĪ⡣
ԱкܶԸ½İʿ׷γңңעһȴû˵ҿһ
Ϊڴ֮ǰʿ̰һ¹֮Ũޱȥһȴڵʯ֮䣬ɰ׹סûеʿӦȫ鿪ˡ
һ˲䣬һŰ׹⴫겨ޱȵĿʶ˵ĿֲԲû˵ȥǶƣԶԶעˣ
ɰ׹ڸɽ뻺ƶλñ仯İʿһʧĶܣԼ᲻Сĵסɷǵȥ·ɷǸˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãһ޴ӰԶֳЦţϵܣû뵽㣬㽫Ϣ쿪һҸоء
һɰ׹ŤһӣΪΣΪ˼յıòֻƳһ̸֣ձЦһΪѾ϶ɱء
ô̸ִֵܰ߹յ֮Ц˵Ҳã϶ʱǴ½϶ԸǹħħĶסɣһΪԼҪùˣ֪ΪؼʱħȻŹǣֱӳһȥǺ½ľŹʿϵ֮ȴǹħѾʧӰˡ
΢΢һЦǹħ϶½пռѷ˺ѣûУѰطд½
һǼáЦЦҿڵѾԽ̫֮ΪʲôҪ
һһν֮ˣȡһ֮ĵ¹֮ҾиİӦ̫֮ĵĻˣϵһǲһǾֻܹ̫֮ϼˡ̸ЦЦ˼һۣͻȻСӣô̵ʱ󰡣ƺƺһҪˣôģ
ȡԪ֮д֮ЩΪһ壬ֻܹļյľԿȰ۷֮ĸ֣˻ľҲ֮еκգֻҪ֮дһ죬Ϳ϶֮һ̫ĵز
ˣҲζǰĵͨӦÿԿˣǰɣЦЦ
̸ˬʵعЦɣһӣһβٴһЩסļһȥˣ
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̸֣ǿһֱڵ㰡
ôܲǣһ뿪ʱӦǣһ֮ϣȻ˳Ǵ֮ĵģ
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ɽǻЩһһ̸ҪˬԼһһæ
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׼ش̫գ¡֮ǡһȻе˽׼صİʿЦ
ͺûϵˣǰһֱǸ׼صģҿɹܲôࡣ̸ֺٺٹЦһϵܣ߰ɣһʤһѵķңЩڹؼʱ򻹻ҧء
ôİʿۿ̸ôǣȴһŭԣ̸֮⣬ɱˣֶһ˼ɷǴڣֵʵ̫һ㣬ǲðա
ȻҲûнЩ˷ϣ֮յЩ˵ʵ̸ֲֻǽģ˵Ǻһ
̸ֶڽĵͨôϤȵĵ֮ͨżսУһһʯȺֱӽ෽λ¹֮Ũޱȵ֮гˡ
ϵܣߣȥ·壬һΣ֣Ҫ·֮ϵıȫΪУ̸ֺ
ЦžܾˣȥɣҲ˷̫ʱ䶫ߣֻҪѰƧĵطúý¹֮ϣһĹر֮ǰܹÿһ˿¹֮һ飬ȥ֮һǰ̫֮ϣ·ϵıҲû̫
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νö̸һ࣬һ٣ͷҲá
̸ִϲܹͼŵùʵǿĸ̫֮ͬϣ˵ڱףһѰ·壬̸ֵָ£Ѱһǰ򰲾

Ǽգ̸֣ǿޱȣ˶Ѿһ֮ôһ˼ܿ˵귽涼¹֮ϴӾһ顣
Ļûйر֮ǰ˷׷״֮һЦԼͬʱͻһԽ̫֮ġ
̸ֹЦĽ̫ˣҾǼ˱¹֮ҲûʲôˡϧĻδرգʱҲҲڣҪ֮תת
˵׼ػڲڣһιԺǲ֮ˣܹ֮ǰɵ׼أҲȴһ׮¡ճһ£
Ҳʱܹ֮뿪̸˶۷֮˺֮ˮ׼أҲ˵Ķ֣ԼвŻôͷ
϶ûĻʱӦ·壡̸ֺߵ
Ǻã·Ҷ֣֮ǰ׼ظźЦ
̸Ҳ׼غ֮ǣôһ˵Ȼͬ⣬һļϣ̸ִ·ֱ·λȥ
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׼Ȼһϲˣ׼Ҷ̸֣ʮĺţ
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׼ɫ䣬ڼպ̸ôҵĹ֮£ԵЩʧ룬Ϊħһ壬Ӳ˵깥
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ʱǽ׼ظĿռȫסĻâͻȻȫ׼صϡ
ħһ׼ص壬ôâĹ֮£䣬΢ϸ֮Ļâ֮ħ£׼ȻҲѲ
̸ָǣס׼أ⧲֮굱ش̲סȫͷųҺУڣڣң
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СϷ˶Եɱ˵ϳ׼Ǳ߷ȥֻ׼֪ôȥ
СѸٷ׼أ΢ԵЩʿҲ׷Сӱƣǵ׼ԵʱòȻֳˡ
ڰ֮ӣֻǳСӿһۣϾ
ڣңֻܹ뿪ģң׼ؼе
Ǽĺڰ֮ӣʥĸĶӣԵЩˣȻĦ̵ĸ֡
ڰ֮ӻʮĺͯģֻ˫ͫаĪ⣬˻֣ΧЩĦ̵ĸ֣׼ظΧġ
ٺһЦڰ֮˷ܵû뵽ܹ֮ҵԯջ̫ˣɱ㣬Ͼͻ군ҽҪ˰̵ϣ
˰̵ϣգͨݺݵرʥĸͺڰ֮
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314 ̫
ЩĦ̵ĸһ֣׼ص˳׼һ̸룬Ͻʮĺţ̸֣Ǿұɵ͵Ϯң̫ˣҲǹһˣҪǳԲ˶ߣ
׼ƺȴһ֮УԸʱıоںڰ֮ЩĦ̵ĸǰһȻģ֪˻浱ôء
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֮⣬Ħ̵İʿԣӦĦħһĽɫ֮ϵĿһΪ˱ڰ֮ӣһΪܹڰ֮֮Ϊ
֮Ħ̵ĸ֣Ȼǰڰ֮ӵģϵϢȴڰ֮ӣԼڹؼʱ򱻵ڻҵĿƺһЩ
̸ֳؿĦ̵ЩˣԵļյʶЩˣ
ջͷˣд½ʱǾǺˣһܹ棬ȻҪúȡ
̸ôһ˵ЩĦ̵ĸֳ޼̸صص˵ͷȻǵˣȻҪú棬οЩһ׼׽һ֮ǲһЩɻأΪǺ׼֮Ѿֱˣûϵԭһû֮У׼ز䵥ˡ
˻һվˣ̸֣ʵǺ׼֮ĺѾֹһˣ
ٺ٣׼ؿ֮еָߣ֮лôû׼ش·ء̸ִ𻰣ڰ֮ȻһЦԵ˽׼ػס׼صû뵽ͼҲǵˣãһȤͶˣ
׼ŵ˵ͷֻҪ̸һģҵĵˣһһ֮ɵ͵Ϯңǵеĵˣ
׼ص֪ܣѾӦˣٺϻ̸ֵֻҪ׼ؾˣ齻ң
̸һôУ
գԽԽˣһˣʤĦ̵ɱ㣬ȺףԵᱻĦ̸Ǻڰ֮һĦ̸֣ߵ
ڰ֮ҲǺٺٹЦѣЦͬʱЩĦ̵ĸѾɢոΧ롣
̸֣ѾԶ˵ˣǵУֻмˡ
Ҿ٣յ괫֮겨һ̣һӰĵӼյ֮ͷų籩һе궼С
ոΧĦ̵֣׵壬ȫܵӰ졣
꼼֮ʹʩչԶԶһʱõԪ֮еĹ֮󣬼յ귢µı仯ڰصֻ꼼˽⣬Ѿﵽһµĸ߶ȣ
Ǿǿˣһʩչʹ꼼ȻҲͬˡ
ΧĦ̵ĸ֣ٿһӴͷ·ɵӣǿҪʩչĻ꼼̥Уһûʩչ̶̼ļĦ̾ͳ˼յĿܣֱ׼غͺڰ֮ӳȥ
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ڰ֮Ӻ׼ˣǾ漼־ᶨ֮һĺݾ֮뼧յľԶʹ꼼ĸ֮£ֻԻһ£Ȼͻָˡ
ۿĦ̵ĸ֣ҪＧǰʱͻȻʹͣȻͷˣڰ֮Ӻ׼ȫɵˣһʱƺЩԤϲ
ػ꣡׼ؾһͻȻڣ±ƿˣ
ڰ֮һ˫ݵӣȻжĹâһ˲˴ĺɫ¹֮Уǳۡ
Ħ̵ؼʩչɳ꣬ͻȻ以˴֮ɱһں̵ܶʱڣĦ̵ĸ꣬׷ױ鿪ȫʧ
ݣЦ
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һɻɢϢͷҪͷǳֱӣ˵Ϊ֮ͻȻնӦûʩˣѾȫˡ
ڰ֮ڶԸԼ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼôݶգο֪ˣҲѹ׼سζͶˡ
ڰ֮Ӻ׼ˣ־֮ͣ˾޵Ƚ⣬Ը֪ʹ꼼һܹЧ
а˼һ£Ƴ̸һ̸ۣ֣׼ѾˣȸҲסҽСӸˣ
̸һ㶣׼ѾһˣȰ㽫СӸɣ׼һǻԸ
ˣСӽˣղ˺ڰ֮ӵãͻȻźڰ֮Ӻƹȥڰ֮УһǺӣͷǺڰֹ֮ȥ
ڰ֮ǹһжЦݣͯȫȻؿżտȼڹʱ򣬺ڰ֮Ȼ֡
Ŀ꾹ȻǼգ
׼ͻȻҽһӲܿƵرץţһ˲䱻ק˺ڰ֮ӵǰ׼Ť֮ħһһžžֱ졣
һɼΪҵ׼صڲţ׼־壬壬Ǳī֭ȾɺɫˣشţڣҪܹȥģɱңȥģ
ˣһԺɱŵ˺ȥɣڰ֮ȻһЦŤţš黨һ׼ص
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գӲҲûɵսܾ˵ĽɲҪġڰ֮ЦţɢʱѸسԶȥ
꣬Щĺڰ֮סһǣһǱڰĻâ֪˺ڰ֮ӡ
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̸ֿ򼧳գǼһݶ飬ҷǳǣһƲΪ뿪ԺǴ½Ҫģ˺ܲ׶Ը
ȻһЦǴ½ĻСǶҼˡ
һ£̸૵ó׼Ӧں֮ǰͱСʩչʲôֶΣڹؼʱ׼ظӦϾˣ˵ϵܣ㲻ҲԴҵİɣ
̸ô˵ŵʱѾؽԼľſԼһ顣
ҪǲҵĻһ̫֮Уҷֿˡɫ䣬
̸ЩΣЦ㲻֪κ޾꣬µľƿӵаˣ޾ȺŹʱΪ޾ΪΣյһ࣬˶£ұϾҲǳˣոֿСӶԸ׼صֶΣһ뵽Ҫַǳóػ꣬ҵȻˡ
Ҫ㣬һĵʱѾˡ˵ôһ䣬ɫ䵭ȥ֮һǷֵɣ໥Σ̫֮ϻһ˵жİġ
ôһ˵̸ָˣЦŴæǸϵܲҪҲ֪Ҳֻǽѣûʲôģܹ֮ϽһĴ½ĲףǸҲû㣬ϵǧϡ
üͷ̸һĵǸźһϣ̫֮ĵʱвҪ뷨ҪȻ֮Ľûˡ̸ûлģ̸ȴСķȻˬ
ףף̸ͷȼն˵æЦʱ㣬ǿȥˣٺ٣ǿЩ뿪ģѾȲҪǰ̫֮ˡ
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ȻлЩǿôϿҵģҲͲٶ룬̸ִ֮뿪ʯȵ֮ͨϳ֡
̫֮ľ벢رңԶ֮жûкķѶٵľһ£û֮϶ͣ˲糯޴̫֮ȥ
кڴһ̫֮ϣ̫һ꣬ƿۺ÷


315 ŵŮ
ҵ˹ϣʱ޿̵زŹȵ˶ͨɫϴݲûͬԵʯ֮⣬Ķ
̫֮ϡ
պ̸ˣһӽ̫ͱǾ˵˸ܣ껹ֻ壬ҪȻܳܵס̫ĸ¡
ˣ̫֮ϵʱÿʱÿĵľҪϿϼҪû㹻ľ治ܹ
̫˶۳޴ڵȷ磬˵һ̫֮ϣͱЩ޴ڵȷĶᣬȷӰ֮£òۼľܹվס
Ϊڻɽʱһ飬ҵõʥȸĻ̫֮֮ϵʱ򣬲ûиоôܡ
̸ǲͬһ̫֮ϣԼľԼⲿĹȦͨĹЩ̫Ȼ
̫Ժ̸Ѱһطúýһ飬΢Ӧ̫ĻԺ󣬲ͼı顣
Ȼû飬׼úýֶθѧᣬҲɴҪѰһʺϵ̸ôһ˵Ȼͬ⣬̫֮εţܿЩȷĴѰ̫֮رҵĵطӦ
֮Ϻͱ򶼲һ
һ˵޳ɵʿͰ֮ʱǳ֮ϣȻѰǳ¹֮ŨĵطٶԼԼٵǳ¹֮һ顣
Ȼ̫֮ϵʿǡǡ෴ÿһ̫֮ϵˣѰ̫֮ΪϡĵطѰ̫֮ΪŨҵĵط
֮ԻΪ̫Ļ֮ͬżӰ죬һİʿѡ̫Ũܻûеϰѳܲס̫̫ĿӲݻٷճɻҽ
ˣ̫֮ϵʱҪģҪѰҵһ̫֮ϡ򣬻ԼӦ̫ĸºȡ
˵ڸ˷֮жţⱻЩ˹ȷſ˻ƶţҹֿ١
ͱĵطһֿ̫ԽɱΣգһʿ꣬ͻøҷ𣬼ЩѾ̫İ۷֮ǿߣпܱ̫Σɱ
ͻȻվһСģǰҫ߲ܿ
̸ôһ˵ƨһشǰûͼһѸһ߳룬»ᱻǰ̫ҫ߸
ҫ̫֮һּΪµ̫һߵ㱬鿪̫֮𽥵ķһ̶֮˲䱬鿪ҫֵ߳ʱ伫ΪݣӼӵӲȣѸٳ֣գۼɢ
ҫ߲󣬿ָֻСֻһСС㣬Ȼĳֱ֣Կһ춯صĴը
ҫ߱ը൱д½ϻɽͷųʮҫһ΢͵ǳ֮ϱը˲佫һСǳȥ
ȻֻһСС㣬ıըȴ̫֮Ϊµۣ˵ǰ۷֮ʿˣЩŹ֮ǿߵ꣬ҫ߱ըĵص㣬˲ɢʲô
ˣ̫֮ϣκεʿҫߵΪµֻҪһҫ֣߳еʿ᲻һеԶҫߣҫ߱ըʿᱻ˲
ļգҲǰ֮һ֪ԯ֮УӹڸϹֵĿУѾ֪̫֮ϵΣպͿֲ֮
ôϹֵľ̸̫֮֮ϣһҪʱСĽֻҪһָҫγɣͣеһУԶǸط
֮У㻹Ҫҫߵıڳһ㣬ܹ㹻ʱѣ򣬼ܣҲԱⱻҫ߸ݻٵˡ
պ̸ˣľԶǰһҫγɵ򣬲һеԶҫߣʱͬʱ˱ʿϢͬҵİʿҲǲҫߵγɣżպ̸ֵķķеľǱܴ߷绹ӡ
Ϣģ˵ͻȻͷųǿֲ֮ıը͵γɣɽһ˷ȥ
պ̸ӵĿ죬ֵҲʱǿֲıըֻǱԶԶ׷ɳȥȻʿȴ˲䱻Ϊ̫ϵһ֡
һһˣ˵Ǹһֱһ޴ûˣֱӱص㣬Ӧ׶༪ˡ
ΨһһҴߣҡҡλεǿγɵ֮ѣ˻Żŵأһ·ӵ˼պ̸ڵλãһ޳ҲԵŮˣȻҲ˼պ̸˵ĴڣʧɱңˣֻҪɱңʲôԣ
ô˵ţŮ˽ûĸ֫ϸ˫߸߹ţȻֻ壬ȴȻĶ޲ýá
ŮȻؿżպ̸֣ԸŹңҿԡԺ꽻ã̺뿪
̫֮ϣ˶ɱȡԷķڣַΪıܡ
̫֮ϵʿÿһʱ̶ҪķѾضգ̫еΣʱ˵ʿŽһʿľȫĵǾǳʿҲֲס־޴ģ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ܹԷľΪУһʿͿԶһʱ䣬һʱԼԴΣԼӦ̫ϵΣա
ˣ̫֮ϣɱ˶ȡԷΪ˾ռߵ顣
Ůûбҫ߸˵֮ǰĻ̶Ȼ̸ֻҪǿһ㣬ҲΪʲôֻܹԭȻҫ߸֮ľѾķѴˡ
ʱͻȻպ̸ˣ·һ
ԣΪ˻ŸԸſԼ꣬ԸԼΪŮˡŮ˵ƣΪԼıȡʸ
߰ɡüƳŮһۣ
̸ֺٺٹЦԭѾ׼Ļˣôһ˵ʧֺҪײҪϵܣҪܣοҲûʲôʧ
ҪҪҲܣҾʹ˷ֵ𡣡յ
̸Ȼԥһ£ʹػ˻֣ߣϽߣԽԽãһܲס
ҲˡŮˣżͻȻȻӵԣվһ𣬵̫̫֮ˣ뿪Ҳֻ·һһ𡣡
ŮЦӯӯƳ˼һۣԸãֻҪ㱣ңǽףǿȣΣ


316 
߰ɣλѿɲ࣬ʱ䳤˱׼ʲôҡҡͷؾܾ̫֮ϣ˶ѱûо㡣ǸҲܣھߣϳĴ½أ㾫ָ֮
ȻҲЩ֮Ľϻʲôĸоʱ򲢲ܵʱ̣һļŽ⹫»ָŽǾҫȡ֣ûϾȥŮˡ
̸ּŮϼյǰôһЦſżգһϷ̬ʱʱضԼռüŪۡ
ҸвУŮ˰ҲҵģֻҪ˾ҺһľˣʲôգԲùҵ˰ɣ
ڴڼ䣬ǲǿʱ㣿̸ֹЦ
Ů糺죬̸һۣСԺҺã㲻У
Ϊʲô̸һ㶣ٺٵҺģһԾ֪ˣⷽо飬ϵܿɻǸһ̺㡭
ҡҡͷŮ˵УŲ㡣Ҳ֪;ʱ᲻û֣ҵҵľ
߰ɣҪҸطûմ㡣УҲűˣʱԲܹ㣬㾫ʱ򡣡յ
ǵһ̫֮Ůʡ
š
ǺǣҿԸһЩһ̫֮ˣҪ̫֮ϡĵط֪ʲôطʺǣҸǴ·ɺãŮЦЦ˲ͬ⣬ֵǴǵطԺҿԶԶģǣǿԷ룬ǵľ磬һϴľǲõҵİɣ
;У˵ȻҲԲһЩŮû͵ϮĻᣬҲν
һ£յ˵ͷðɣȻ֣ҲˣҪţ;У㵨ԿǻϽᵱɵˣض֣
û⣬ҽ˴½ܸʶλŮЦӯӯ˵
·ɡղûнԼ˼͵ĵ˵
û̸£ЦЦٶ˵ʲôֱǰ·ʺĵطȥ
һİʿǰֳȻϵп׷
һ֣İʿϺݺݵصһ޲ýʬεĳӡ
΢΢һЦǰȥȴ΢΢ÿӣļպ̸ָԳ
ʿһպ̸ֳ֣ɫ΢һ䣬˵ʲôǱӿ
СЦһǰȥһ䣺һԭҪҪңȴҸ˳ȥȻһҪұھ̫һ˴½пܻᱻ˸֣ҲŲھߣ׼뿪֮Ѱʵʱع鱾塣
հ˵ͷûбʾʲô
̸üͷŹֵ˵ɫȻǺǣֻǱߣӦôŶԣӦû˵ô򵥰ɣ
㿴ˣʵ֮ǰǺݺݵЦӯӯ˵
̸ֻüͷȻûһ֪˵棬Ҳѧһ۱տˡ
ܿأżպ̸ˣѰһ̫֮ȽϡҲʶ࣬պ̸˴ԺȻԶˡ
һֱ뼧պ̸￪ĵطͣĬĬǶһ
йŹ֣ûһ滰Сһ㡣һ뿪̸ֵ
յ˵ͷף˵ˣֻҪʱҿ֣Ϻɱ顣
̸ŷǾӦһ̫ɣѡĵطǲ̫֮ȷǳ΢ʺָոˡ
ЦЦ̸һξ룬һһߣľ곹ױ¶
̸ֵͷͼһһߣ˷ɢʼ̫ꡣ

̫Ҫͨɼ̫֮ſȻҲԽȡ̫֮γ𣬵Ϊ˶Ըħǿۼ̫֮γɵ
ֻǵ̫֮γɵ𣬷ǳСԶԶܹӳ
̫ĺģҫγɻ֮УЩſ£Էһе꣬κε
̫ȻγɵҪγɵĶ࣡
Ҫƿص𣬻һ֡
Ҫƿص۶ɣ̫֮ҫ˲䱬ը֮ϼĻ𻨣ʱ棬ᴫݵĴ½Щһһں̫֮ҵĻķ߶γһ̬
Ϊҫ߶Ļ𻨣Ѽȴ̺⼫ΪµЩ𻨻Ỻۼһʱ䣬ۼһĻ𻨻ὥγµҫߣһαֲ֮
𻨺ҫߣôܶʼţ̫֮ϳ˿־
̫֮ȻγɵһҪ£
ҲΪʲô췴ǿֻõȸѪȸ֮󣬲ܹҫԭ򡣵õȸѪţ𶼿۳ȻҲͲþ¾ҫˡ

谭ֱ̫֮ӽӴһ㾫ϣ̸˵ƺԳ̫֮ܵ˵ֱСơ
ղԴ⣬껹ѡ˸Ϊϡ̫֮ɼЩ̺еҫߵ΢ҵЩ̺ӴȴûһγҫߵĻ֮С
һҲɼ̫Ļ𻨣һʼֻһ𻨣һ̫֮֮УطвԼľͻһһơ
֪˶á
һ΢СĻ磬ͻȻֳ̬֮һ̣Ŭ֮£һǳСĻ罥ɰƴСһǰͣ
ҿһλǶӣͷأһɱˣһܲˣͻȻ䣬Զһҵ겨֮ǰֵİʿִʿһˡ
ѹ˵ԭ֡
һһץ֮УȻ£ȴȥ


317 յĿ
һʿΧģ֮ǰˣһƺģİʿȤؿȻͷ
λܷģֻҪŮ˵ͬɱŮλãһɫĺӣĿ¶˵
˻ͷЦ֣ɱȻȻŮѾˣ㲻ʮþȡ
еһĺӣݣһӣشŻļգߵŮ֮⣬ǻҪ˵ľ
˻һǰˣЩ鲻Ը˵Ҳûзԣԥһ£ԲĴӦȴҪŪ֮󣬽˴á
һ㵹ûˬ˵һҪ
Ȼûнպ̸ַ˵һηֹսƷûʧܡ
ʱ˸Χģ֪ԼƣҲһԼ䵽л³ǰ֪ǳԼɫ࣬Ҳӻ·㲻ٿһվǶ˫ݺݵضˣһԲ
ǲֻ֪ûжԼձʲôϣҲúˡ
̫֮ϵˣ궼ûгһ飬Ӧ̫֮Ͼþĥµɷ
ô£΢ЦԣƳһۣЩ쵰ĲģѵҪɣ
ѾһǲضżտһۣȻ㲻ɵ˰ɣڣ㻹Ҫߴʲô֣ͬ飬ʶ࣬˲ſ̫֮ϻĳһ㡣
һ£ͻȻۣżյ󣬽һ
ԭʱ̸ҲԶ̸ȻһΣǰ˺һӣջ̵վ˼յԣЦϵܣһҿˣȻⱿΪŮǲֵ
̸֪һʿʿȻ־ɱ¾ĺ֣ʱȻ׶༪٣ˡ
ֱʱ򣬼ղ̸ֵɿɽ֮ˣȻģڹؼʱһȴ֪׶༪ٻǰ˵˵ȷ壡
΢΢һЦɫ˭˵ҿ⼸λѣ
ŶˣհȻվǰǿԶ㣬鲻ãһСĽ쵰ȫɵ
һҪҪԼҸɱ˵Ľڣֻֿ̬ҪԷܵļһһ㶼ᷢŭ
ˣһǿɵһһԲɢ˴֮ľ󣬽պ̸ҲڰΧȦ֮С
ԭٺ٣ϧò޵磬ȴڵһν̫֮ϵʱ򣬾ͱǸɱһΪɱ¡Ǳݺӣ䳰ȷĺһͻȻ֣
̸ɫ΢䣬һʱԼľסϽԼΪó籩ͷųΪģ͵籩һ±Χһ˸ŪЩǱ
̸Ȼ̫֮ϣΪĻ꼼ҲǳԼЩ̫֮Ͽ޶ĺҲԿ
ԵĻ̸пռݵϷ硣
ϧһεҸսḻ
̸ֵ籩ʩչһǱ󳷳һξ룬Եһʿһ֣׶겨߷̸ֵ籩
ʿһ֣ͬʱԼ깥ʽ̸ֻû籩֮УһӴ̸ֵĲ裬ʹ籩ٶ˲ٻÿһ籩Ҫľ
ڿ̸ʩչ籩һʿǱı֮۾ͻȻһƺּһ־
Ȼֻһ̸־ͱԭͣʿָȵǱؾȻ籩άֲˡ
һ֮£ͻȻһ̾Ͼֻ֣һˣ̫߹ˣһڽˡ
ôţֱǰģֻһڹؼʱץڻᣬýԼ걬̶˺Щͼıļһ
ڴʱ
ͻȻоһɾ˵˲䱬һȥϮķ
һζ󲻵ĳôǰ
ϮİʿһССĻסһƴСû棬Ȼʿһ֮أһ˱һĻ˲䱻ȼȼ
һ־İʿͻȻһ˫ͻȻֳãȻɫ·һԼ˭
Ȼ˫ֳãȻɫİʿһģȻٿس֣͵ؽԵһȫͬץסȻֱӳһĻ֮С
һʿʱŸոձһճ̣ãȻһʿֳͬ飬һͷײһ֮ϡ
ֻһ˵걻մϻֿ֮ʼȼֻǶ̶̼ʱ䣬˵곹׻Ϊ̣Զ̫֮ʧˡ
ʼٸ߼գʼǺЦվǶָڶΪؿһɱ˲ѪС磬յģݲȡ
ָһգһֻСһС磬Զ˲ݻ֮У֮ԾŻ⡣
Ŀѣԡ

죬ͻȻʶʲô͵ؾϲ֮Ļһһͷһ黯Ϊ̵ڵλøѸɢ֮ľܹյٶգ
һʿ̫֮֮ЩŵľΪʧȥʶԼ˲ɢ̶̼Ӿͻ̫ϵĿ֮бɢȻ󳹵ɢ֮䡣
˱İʿܹץ̶̼ӵʱգԵõԷǰһ֣ԴָԼ
֮ǰˣۼдܲϲ

ϲȥռʣµЩʱϮİʿȻֳͬãȻɫʣһ֪Լںδģ
ڵȺʱ̸֣Ȼᣬûʶˣ˲䱻̸ֵ籩û
ֻһ̸ֱЦϵܣȻһףһܺһ̫֮ϣⱲǵľ
̸ֽ˵û֮󣬽˴󲿷ֵľΪУľں½ʱҪܲ˷ܣ
ʲôŸոտʼѣԺ̫֮ϣ㲻õľЦЦƨ֮


318 Ľ
մ˹⣬ôһһƬ͵õ˲ٲľ³ڼա̸ǰʱľȻõ˼Ĳ䣬ǻûòƺͻȻ˹УһָƯĸо
ʿľһֵشԵõ˼Ļָհ̽һ£꾫Ѿûʿ֮ǰ̸൱ˡ
ȻΪ̸ָһԭǲ̸֣Ҳ͸ӲõԪξļա
ˣҲǿĽɫˣֻ˵Ѿ˷̸ʱǿж֣Ҳûô׵ˡ
ԺʼչĵЦ⣬˫żղţƺԼԽԽȤ
΢΢üͷܾŮ˲࣬ԭ˵Ҳƻָ˴룬ٽ߾Щ׵ˡ
ˣճһ£ͻȻƻָ˴룬ѾԱ㲻úļһҲѾɱûбĻ֮ʹ˷ֱɡ
ߺôż߰˾֮ʴ䣬ҲֳģЦӯӯؿżգһûмء
òˡҡҡͷ̸ʹ˸ɫͻȻתͬһȥٶȼ죬Ҫ˦
ֻһ˲䣬̸Ѿ뿪˺ԶӦ󣬼æ׷ȥϧϾŸոջָʼոϲϼպ̸֣֮ľ뷴ԽԽԶӲǱ˸˦ˡ
Ҳܹо˵Ϣͣ޺޵غ˺ߣꡱһЦǸȤˣ˶ƤӲҪȴһңѵ˵ҵݣ
룬ҡͷܰԶǲô֪̫֮ϵĶ

ϵܣʲô̸ֺͼղУЦȻʲô࣬Ҳɱ㲻գ۵ɷǣʲôȻлܱˣԱ߿ţѵ»ⲻɣ㲻֪֮꽻ڵȤҸ㡭
̸ϲ򼧳սͣ¸߰
ͣͣղͷˣЦ̫֮ԼĿĺʹ㣬ûô๦ʱ˷棬Ů˲Բģֲ֪ĿģֿһȽǵ
̫֮ʲôĿģ̸ôһ˵ҲûϾ壬ѯ¡
һ£յһʱٺͣҪһ飬ֻȫȻӦ̫ϵĻź̸۱ġ
̸ֺͬľԲٶʣѡһ̫֮΢ǿһЩƫƧ֮أ˴˼ֿһʵľ룬һνĴ

ͷԺʶȻǿޱȣһԽʿȫճֻ̣һһʩչĻâͻҪǿơ
ЩвǣҪʱ䣬֮ǰһսǡǡһֱ֮ӽһʹˣҵյЧ
һγ֮󣬾ǲйҲҪļľά̬ɢʧ
̶ȣҲܹʱ޿̱ĴڣĻľ̫󣬼ֲ̫ʱ䣬ˣƽʱʱֻҪ˽ս
ֻ˵ˣҵԷǳǿ֮ŻȻҪʱ䣬Ҳ˵˽սʱҪһʱεĻ壬Խ
ĬĬĽ仯Ϊ棬հʱ֮ǰķһ֮Уϼһ£ȫҲҪķӵʱ䣬ſԽ
ڽսʱķӵʱһȫעõ˽ɱʮˣ
ͷۣҪѰҳһǡķܹܲʱ䡣
ȣżֻǲɼҫ߱ը֮ѵһеһʱһٶԿˣֻҪһֶӾͿԳɹ
ȻôĻ½ˡ
³ε̺ԭȵķ֮һ̶ֳȵԶԵԵĴǻ˶Է꣬ҲԷյ
һĻâйˡ
ȻУʼѰұķʱ䡣
뵽ĵڶǼӿ쾫ͻںϵٶȡ
ַֻǿмӿٶȵķĵϵľ
̫֮ϣϣҲǽսĸҪĴľӿʱ䣬ҪľۿɲС
շԽʱ̵ʮʱ򣬻ǹϵѡôһ
ĵˣͨɱֲ˸ɱˣǾһˣԼʣľᱻԷá
ôһ룬ᶨԼͷַԼԵеҪֶΡ
ٶȽ֮⣬һı׶ˡʽ̫ˡ
һγɣҫһͷų񱩻ҵ̫ҡˣ̫֮ϵİʿֲҫ֮ϢΪУֻҪһ֣Էϲ
Ҳ˵ĹǹģûͻȻԡ
ԷԼƥǿֲ֮󣬻ϲһе뿪ôһҪЧˡ
һζԸ֮Ե֣̫ӼգоǱʹӰˣԲŻڹؼʱŵǶճ˻ҽ
Ķһͬÿػꡢ־ᶨޱʯĳĽɫʹ꼼пܾԴЧˣ𹥻ٶȱͲ죬һҪɻжԷȻϼˡ
۹ĹĪٶȿ죬ڶյĻ꼼֮УĻâؼеһ
âΪ΢С֮ٿҪľ࣬ٶȿЩԤϣ״̬Ĵ˿ֱжâĴڣӦǿߣҲֻڻâӽǵʱſԷ֡
ΪâĹĪ͹ͻأԼڸǳ֮ݺϲûâŶܹЧ
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ͷһԺγɣҲ֮ȥˣһʱڣеľⷽ棬Ѱһͻâںϡ
һޱȼѵḶ́
ͻâҪںһҪ˷⡣
һֻ꼼ʩչ̬һĹУ̬棬ֻ״̬Խ
ʵ̫Եһ㣬Ŀ񱩻֮һӴââܽ⣬ںϡ
ѵҪͻâһȡ̵Ľ̶ȵķӳͱҪ⣬ͷֻǿ룬ԶûʵֵĿԡ
̸ֳԼУҵţû⼧ʲô
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ΪѰɹʵںϵĿԣڶ̶ʱڣչ𣬾ľ
һɣָı̬仯Ϊ״ʼ۳â뵽ĸַŽںϡ
һγɣһֱ仯Ϊ״ڷ;ۼâʱ̬ϵر仯ţһ̬仯һ̬ҲҪļľ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ귺ѣεĸоȻһʶԼľ̫ˡ
һ̽ͻȻʮɵľȻⲻ֪֮䣬Ѿ߳ңľȻֻʣɡ
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ʱ򣬱˵֮ȥȡǾҫˣһЩʵǿİʿӦˡ
ô죿ǲȷд½ñľѪԪָȵָ۷֮
Ŀǰ˵ΪյķһһؿҪķѲٵʱ䣬ڼɵ˵ƺʱ̫һ㡣
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ֻɵľҪȡ˵ľȻûпܣѶȲСֻ䵥İʿԵĽ棬ſƾŻ꼼ĹĪ֡
ѣ̸һһİʿԻʤпܱˡ
ΪŷǲĻᱻϮɱĿǰ״ֻ̬Ҫһ֮Ҫһɶ࣬ôһͱϷرˣΪ̫ˣ֮ʩչ
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һ뷨Ժһ飬ԥ˼ŵ׸ȥ
ʱ̸ƺĹ֮״̬˹̸ֻǳһۣ㾪ϵܣô㲻ʱ򣬳ȥ˴սһɣ
ȻǷ˼վľ޴ˡ
ϴ̸ڹؼʱ޷˵غվһʱԶ̸֣Ͼڵ״̬Ѿ̸ֵĶ̸֣ģ̸ֶ֡
ǳڶ̸ΣղûȥǿЦ̸֣͵Һһӣ߰˰ˣ鷳ˡ
̸һŹ֮ؿ̾ϵܹȻôʱȻô࣬ѹϵܿȻ˼ΪµĻ꼼˰ɣ
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ôһ˵չϵȻˣһҸɱ֮ˡɱˣҪһ־ָ
֮⣬ǿɱ֮ˣ̸ֺٺһЦ̫֮ʲôأֻҪȭͷԶκαĴ½ĸֻ֣ҪܹɱͿԵõһУϵܣֲûɱˣôĹأ
ҵĵߡҡҡͷ̸ֵͬ˵
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һڣѾûбʿˣЩһ˵̸˳ʲôطûԶԶ뿪һ»ΪĿꡣ

һ΢С磬ֳ֮ɫȻһ̬仯Ϊ״Щۼľ֮ѿ
һС˲ʧ·֮ʧˡ
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һǱ̫֮ɱŵ˽סˣһս֮˲УòǱӡ
ƺˣˡ
͵仰ˣ̸ֹЦ״̬ת
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ʱѾ۷֮ˣɱŵˣЩɫȻȫĬĬվ


320 Ķ飡
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֪һˣΪʲôˡ̸ֳؿԭΪǣΪ磡
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ôأЦţȻ˴½ġ¾ܱ߸½ǿ֮һ˵̫֮ϣڸĸҲʵۺ񡣶˼ͷƤҪǡ¾ܹóԸԸλŵǸλѵǱ𣿡
һ֣΢΢üͷüϻֱӵߣѰҹһ֮أҿԷһ·һὫ㱳ʮһɵ
ϵܣȻǣ̸ֹЦ
׼һ˵ǣ׼ĥյһյ̬Щŭʵָ۷ѾҪ˭ɭһЦͷãҵҪɱңô̵ʱ䣬С񣬻ܹ첻ɣ
˿һ㣬һ֣Щɱŵ˷Ըǵķ̸ֿɱĸš
ϵܰǼĺȤ̸ֹЦ
ʱһʮɱŵĸ֣һݳһ˲ɢԹõļ˸Χġ
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ԶʿճɻҽΣϢͨպ̸ֵļսּյĻ׶ˣһҲô
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һֱĽı׶ˣЩɱŵ˶һ˰ΧϿʼ֣ʱ䡣
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ٿһӴһѾʧȥսһڼպ̸ֵĹ֮£ҲԵЩǱˡ
Ȼݣ
ȻԥԼ˶Լ֣
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321 ˵ҫ
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ڴʱֻʣɱŵԱսʣģҪôסҪôѾҷˣʱ򣬲Ǽջ̸֣۷֮
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ֻǶ˼ۣǾֻ·һˣͻȻʶһǵ͹˼յԼ˸ţڼյע£Զ
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һѾ˵ʵ˸Ϊ׼ȷʶЩϢݸ¾ԺһΡ¾ɸֹʱӿ£
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ܡɺյôŮɨһۣͻȻһϤ̲סо

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322 µ
ϳɺȻɺȴϲ̫֮Ϻѽòȥû󣬺ʵòЩ죬ǷǳϤҲϳοɺ
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ЩһͬɫıĴ½ĸɫŮһɺ߹ȥ׷¶ʧɫ겻ѡ
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ˣǲٶԼռüŪۣչԼһ棬ĵؽʩòϵľջأģɫԶԶעߡ
̸ֺ͡ǸʮĺšһϵӰϸһͻȻ
Ǵү̸ֿЦ
һʱ䣬̸ֺͼյԽԽ̫֮ܶıĴ½ĸ֣˵˵ţ֪ͷĴɱνǺսԡ
Ȼ̸ֺ֪ͼЩȴûպ̸ˣȻԽɱŵһ׻ɱ̫֮ϣʮһӣһĶӳ
ʲô
Ȼʮɱŵĸ֣һӳȫ
Ҳ̫һɣ
Χ߷׷׻Ȼ˵ĿԾηˡ
һЩл뷨ļһϽеͷԼˣĺ˽һ㡣
ԭȶԼպ̸ѾʧȥȤЩЩɫŮˣʱ·ǳ˴ҩһۣĿӻȵĿˣһЩ󵨵ģֱӾͳ˵ˡ
λԸĻҿǣҪҿʱеһãֻҪֻҪԺʣµľʱ򣬷ָһ㡭
Ҳǣʵ㲻ܸһҰɣʲôģ
ҿһź

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һ룬ܹô˽ύ̫֮ϣҪʲôԺ󲻻ϵΣգԵõԴԴľ䣬ζǿһֱ̫֮ϣһֱ۷֮
ôջǰͲⷽЩŮˣǳײҪˡ
ЩŮˣ¼Լհ಻ѣĵ̫֮ϹȻǸĵطȻԽһԼ½϶ׯٸһ˾ɷӣ
˵Ĳ˼飡
̸ֺٺٹЦţȤشЩŮˣһ۵ܲشüëÿǸҲ۾ܹˣϲ㡭
̸ִЦ⣬صϷЩŮˣЩаŮһЩĶ
ЩŮ˵а飬һɫƺ̫ÿȴҶ˵ʲôֻǺ޺޵سԼŮ˼ۡ

ǹɣһҪˣӰۣһҪɺ̹ݣô˿Ȼ̫㣬Թ¶
̸ֱ²ص٩ЩŮˣôһغٺһЦʼݺݵذˣɣֵܰ£˭߳ˣݹӲ
պ̸ôһЩΧϿʼ˼û̫ԥϿʼ롣
һЩΪԼɫŮϸ̸ֺͼ˿˼ۣȵǷּպ̸˲ǿЦûȤԺ󣬲һʧ뿪
֮ǰЩŮ˻͵͵ɺۣƺǳĽɺܹϼһô

ЩŮˣ˾氡Щ뿪֮󣬼չ̸֣ѵ˵֮󣬻޵Ůˣô
ʲô̸ˡ
ΪʲôǿΪһľʲôʲôó϶Ҫ𣿡
ϣ̸ֲмЦЦ̫֮ϣֵǮĶ
ЩڸԵĴ½ϻǸ֪֪Χ̫֮ϵĴ½ж٣Ҹ㣬ٸ֮࣡
Щ½İʿҪҪ̫֮ϡ֮󣬾ͻֺᷢһǿ߶಻ǿòŮ˸洦ɼԼĴ½ϻǸɫ֮ʲôǣ
̫֮ϣգЩ½̫֮ϼԶһ̫Ҫ֮һػҪ֮һǻʣµ֮һľܹ̫֮೤ʱ䣿ֻܽǼӣ
ûκεգӵʱ䣬ܹʲôջôر壬¾ۼֻ̫ܹ֮ӣĻˣ޷̫
Ĵ½߾Уû⣬ԺȴҪʱС̫ϵΣգҪЩĻıʿ̫֮ϣǴĵʱҪգΪȻʱȡκ˵ֻгӯľſԱ֤ԼĴϣȱ˴һЩΪⱣĸҪĶ˵ģ
ϵܣʵ˵һҲǺһûаܹ
̸ƺид겻ѡ
һаһ̾һЩЩŮ˵ˡ

ҶҵĳŵڴʱѾЩȫղɺͻȻת͵شӺ汧ס˼ա
ɺڼյԣ֪ľԼһвûУר̸ֽûôͻȻĶ⧲һӱɺš
ſɺûͪ壬Ӻĥżյģûйͷ괿ͷųϢĽӴһӽոû֮С
ûüֹûĺ󱳣ɺķظţȻֻ壬ȴ·Ըоɺ˫Լʱǳ˫ϴľ˵ĵԺͱ
ޱ˳˲佫ûˣЩһʧˡ
ޱᣬ·һޱʵĴ֮УԾ컻ȵĳ˫֮Ľڣý飬˵ʵһо

֮󣬼ջȻԻؿѾ뿪ɺ
̸ִʱԶԶģţ֮ŷԶż˵ͷ
ɺɫ糣غһξ룬ֻһ˫Ŀҫ޹⣬עżգͻȻǡǲʲôطΪʲôΪʲôһһϤĸо
˻һջɢæԺ½Ժδ
һᣡᣡҲܹɺ֪ԼݣհԼ
½ɺҡҡͷȻһЦŪˣǺǣлл㣬ûЩǲܹŷؼ԰ˡ
Ǹðһ䣬Ĵ½ûɷеĻô᲻ᡭ᲻аԼû£̲סҪʡ
ɺһ㶣ĬãŵѾ̫֮ˣֻǡֻҪסԼѣοֻĳ죬ֱֲӱѣ˳˵磬ҲֻǵһΡһôԼ꣬ûа취ҡֻŷд½һҵŮ
ɺɫѾˣۿйҫڱĻӦѾʧʹ޳ˡ
㻹ûԱľ԰ȫءһ£յȸҰɣû˸Ҷ㡣а취øŮĻᡣ
л飬ɺãңһǾЩЩԲǣɺһӵؿżգ˵
д½ΪҶҶϱλǷǾޱĸףҪǺͼռ棬ջҪЦҲڳĸ̬
ȻȴǾԵߣûԼֻܹԼ̬ŵͣٷŵ͡


323 ǿ
ؿɺһŵİɣҲҪκ飡֮ǰҲᣬԭûдҪô
ɺȻԵЩ⣬Ϊʲôջ˵ôһ㶺һ૵лллл㣬ʵڲ֪Ӧм㡣
ҲҪĸмճһ£ǿ˸ڣֻǣֻһʱ£ϣܹȫһĸ׼ŮԸˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ɺͷд½ʱȻͬǳ͵ԵЩԱ
Ժ̸̸ɷôģУͻƵ֮ģշǳľһд½ɺʱɺֻһʿôεʱ䣬ȻͻƵ˰֮ȻЩϳ
ɺԥһ£ڵд½ҺɷһЩλĴ嵱УΪŮһЩ飬嶼ܵǣ
ԴҶ֪ǾޱԯȣҺͼմϹϵ֮Ҷ˾ͷǳϣܹͼճס
Ͼļ죬ԯȵۺʵҲǳͣҶ֪͹壵Ĺϵ֮󣬾͸еĹעˡҶҪĵ뾻Ҫֵ£ˡ
ΪˣҶҲûΪնӻǾޱɳҶɺǰԯȣϣܹöȻΪյԭ򣬻ԯȵƣҶҲûܹóԸ
Ҷûзһϴ¡
ȻҶұϾĻңЩżҵĲԯȷǳսعԪڶɱϢݵ֮󣬹ԪڻûбʾʲôʿѾٹŭˡ
ʿ磬ԹԪհѹԪڵɹҵı񣬹ԪȫڼУʿ統ԯȶơ
Ҳ֮£ļӲŲò棬ʯǧһԯȣϣܹƽϢһη粨
ִ£ҶԯȣһҪͨǾޱԯȴߵǣȻʸ֮ģҺڶļ֣ѹҶҡ
Ҷߴ֮ףʵΪۺ񣬶ҶҲ߰ûнҵвȡҵ
ɱģҶҺҷսһսΪңҶȻҲֻǺ൱ѣЩļңԪһЩ߲֮Ҷڴˡ
գҶʧأڶֱɱҶҲ״ȥɢǱ鲼¸Ĺҵ
ҶҵĲҰܣҶɺʶΣΪߵˣȻʿ׷ɱ˴ӳȥʱһ˼Ϯվɺĸ׶Ҳ
ɺĸҲһİʿ֮ǰΪ;ʶеķעɺϣҶҲŵ˲ٺô۷֮Ҷ壬֪ܵ˴̼ǵ̫ĺô˳ͻƵ֮
ɺ׵ɫǰԽȫʶתһһ֣ɺõ׵ʶ֮󣬺ҶһǱޣϣܹĽΪҶұѩޡ
Ǳڼ̵ʱѸͻƣܿ㵽˰֮
ɵˣ֮ϻûдøͼҴˣò̫֮ϣŷǵľ˲˺һء
ձضǣ΢ˣܿ˱˵Ŀ꣬һսУҶΪ˾ɺұɱɺʧȥɷİֵ£̫֮϶أļΪǱ
ɺɫȻؽ¾һ֮󣬼к꣬ôҲû뵽ԼȻǵҾļס
ûǾޱ飬ҶҲҶҲ񣬾Ͳᷢһ飬ɺҶҲھ¼̫֮ϣôһҶͲɺҲᡭ顣
һͷյһҪɺãɺӣжΡ
ɺ֪һһߴţ˲ƵЦѵ̸ԣǣ㹻ǿʢ֮ǰһߡ
̸һ㶣ٺЦϵܣ˰Ҿ֪ûгԹļһһˣͻȴζΣ
ʶ¼Ϊӣ֮Ҷ˵Ǻ½ģҪԲѣҲ뱩¶Լݡûнֻ̫࣬Ҫ̸һҪע⣬עһ𽫻ѻ˵ˣñɺʲô
̸һֱģҲ⣬̸ȻзǳɻȴûжʣӼշǵɫ²պɺд½һϵǳ֪Ժʲô̬Դɺ
һʱ䣬ռ꣬ʩչİ壬̸ֺһæꡣ
ʱʱأҲһЩɱ֮ˡ֣ľȷ֣ʣĽɺɺżգκգ˽սʱûüԮ֣սѾˡ
ʣµľɺ˵ҲǳӯĹ֣ܿأɺʧȥľȫʼöľԼˣأɺʵҲʼ˴ȵ

һĻһļעһ֮ϣȭͷСһƶţͷſֲˡ
ʶɢѰЩҫߵĹ㣬þסЩҫ߱ը֮γɵĹ㣬Щһش֮С
ÿһ棬ͻᷢı仯һС֮ҵţ·𽥵ĳһĲ룬һıһЩ
ȫ֮к󣬱ֻȭͷСһѾͷС
ֻǶ㣬ֻ˼̺֮ĿֲȴʮϽ֮ô򵥣ں֮ǣԶԶ
֮еĿֲҹһľŹʿͷСһԽԷճɻҽԲԷϣ

ֹһʱ䣬ղƿļѾ¯ˣҲþĥ£ȫӦ𣬲ҾҲһµĽ׶ˡ
̸ԴԴľ֧Ԯ£ʵͻͽҲ̫֮϶ֵˡ
ʱ򣬼֪ԼӦÿԽ̫֮ģΪ⹫ȥȡǾҫˡԣմ̸̯ƣ̸ֲԸȥӦþʹ˷ˣ̫֮ԱյҲΪʲô
Ψһе㲻ģɺˡ


324 ȥ
ʱɺȻҲСǱ̸̫Զˡɺ̫֮ϣɻȺ壬ֻǿ˵Աˡ
Ҫǰ̫֮ĵĻ϶ܹɺΪǾޱԭֲܷɺŲʣôһԵЩͷˡ
δɺһС⣬ϸ˼һ£õķǽɺͳֻ̫Ҫ뿪̫ɺľ磬Ӧ㹻ľȻд½
ˣں̸̯֮ǰɺ̸˴¡
ϣɺһû̫Ͽ޵˼ƺֻҪд½Ůһ˵Ҫ̫ɺϴӦûһĳɡ
ľüҲһ̸֪һһɺһֱ̫֮룬̫ϵĲпɱ¾
лл㣬Ĳ֪Ӧôм㣬һηд½û㹻֮ǰǲˡһҲˣ֮еĵڶˣȻȻˣҿ֪֪˭𣿾һҲá֮ǰɺؿ
̸ҲͻȻȤһ뿴λشģ
ûʲô˵ģ㻹ȥɣԺԵĻ̫֮ϾʮĺšƺҾˡյȻ
Ц֪ԼʵݣԺд½ʱҪָζǾޱ£
ɺɫȻĬĬص˵ͷٶ˵ʲôЩʧʧֶ
ڼպ̸ֵע£ɺչȥд½ķнԶûǿʿϢڣҲ˵ããн棬֪ɺӦòٳʲô⡣
һҲ湻ĵİȻֶ˵̸ֺǸп
֪˭ҺԺд½ʱ򣬻ἫΡǶǶңⶼ飬ҺģĲܣһ̾겻ѡ
̸ûжʣͷϵ̫սⰻȻ
̸֣Ӧ÷ֿˡͻȻ˵
׼ͼռ̫֮ϴɱķ̸֣ͻȻһֵʣôѵҲ뷵д½ɣ
ǡҡҡͷյһ̫֮ϣұҪõһҲ뿪
Ȼ̫֮ϣΪʲôҪҷ̸ֿüͷһ壬ǲ׸Ұﲻʲôæˣ
ᡣսͣҪȥ̫֮ģҪȥ̫֮ȡһǧ˵õľҫһоһҲһȥðա
ҫ̸ȻһеСǲǷˣôȥȡǾҫģ֪֪Ǿҫζʲô֪֪ǧܱߵĸ½жٸǾҫϣ
֪ɫ̹Ȼ
ΪʲôҪȥЩҫֱΪֻ֮Ҫȥȡҫʿûк³̸ȻЩУϵܣ֪ľǳ̫֮ҲǰУҪ֪֮ǰʵѷɫİ۷֮ı̬Ҳȥȡҫյ³ȴǲ
֪һλش˾䡣
̸ֲȻض˺һ̾ϢѶˣ˵ʲôǶûˡ
һ£̸ֵϵܣֻܹߵĵطǶԺһоȫԼˣҵܲסֻ֪ܹ֮һ
ԵЩ죬ûϵ֪һеԺ̸־ȻԸһˣ̸ֵ֪Ϊλã̸ֵļޣȻȴԶԶûдﵽǷ켫ĵزܲס֮˵ֻܹߵ̫֮֮
뷨֤յ
ˣһ˿Խȥģ֪̫֮ĺĲһҪ̫֮ģҪʲôڣֻҪСľˡҡͷܾ
̫Χ̫֮ģΣգҫߺ͸ҷ磬Խ̫֮ģƵԽߣҲԽǿֻҪһһոУͻ᳹׵Ļҷ𣬾ǿѲ
̸һûн̫֮ģûп֮ǰͻᱻЩոɱˡ
ϵܣǿ𣿡̸һȵ̸Ȼʵ㣬Ҳ̰֮ûðյעΪӹˣ̸ں½ֻܹ֮ͨнĳɾͣһδϴ֮лģ
ðɣȻ֣Ǿһ̫֮ġΣͷͬ
Ͷ̫֮ϵʱ򣬾ûһ˳ʲôնûһǳźҶ̫֮Ҳǳأ˵а֮۷ǿߣΪӽ̫ĵصܹս̫֮ĵˣ̫֮ϵǿߣ̫֮ɱЩˣʵǷ֮ҵҪЩ̫ļһж̸ˣЦƺغ˴̫֮ĵˡ

޴ޱȵĶѨڣ˹Χұȫǳɫ̵Ļ֮ͣȥ
ѨףѨҪһСҵҪ󣬹ϮѬ̸ֲòľۼЩ˵ĿǰͨĶѨ֮Уϵҵ쫷γɣûκιɵĴҷɡ
ָͷСҫߣʱЩ쫷֮Уٶȼķɵţκʱ򱬷춯صЩԽŹʿӲݻٳ̣ɽ
޴ĶѨϷЩպ˵ʯҲ֪ʲôãʱʱشϷ
ͨʯ½ٶȻԽԽ죬渽ӵҲԽԽǿ˭ҪǲЩʯ꣬ȱʮһ𹥻Ҫ£ܻᵱ
ҵ쫷磬ǱڰҫߣʱĻʯʱʱðĿȻ桭
̫֮ͨĵĵ·ϣǱ̫̫ೣգܶΪԵʿ֮ϿݺһҪ֮ģͻٱСģдĳЩ̫ļһڽ̫֮ĵ;УͱЩȻֺɱ
Щ˹ʿ˵ǡǴ̫Щ˵ĳͷ

̸֣ҪȥȴĻлģһ룬Ҫͷһأǰյ
ǰ޴ĶѨ֮УȻֳÿһնҪ̸ɫ̫ÿȴûʱùģģ죬߰ɣ
һЦǺãǾȥ̫֮۷ǿߣ̫֮Уܲܽ˸
䣬һͷǱ鲼յľ޴Ѩ޷ˡ


325 ˳˵
ʯǻһҫ۵ĳʯ໥ײĿĶԣâ֯ǵأ
Ũҵ쫷УİߵȻҫ䲻춯صֲ·ҪضƵġ

պ̸ˣѵضܵЩĻʯǰһ쫷ԣ˴ʧɫеľۼٶ룬֮յ쫷֮ǰ롣
ҫ쫷֮У䲻ҵԶԶ־塣

𺣷ڣҵĻĳƶ֮£һӽûС
û̸֣òеľۼӦϻ𺣣һӵȻ𺣹ȥ̸־Ĵ
ͬڻ֮еļյ꣬ȻûʩչԴ괦ڻ֮Уû𺣵Ļĥ̸꣬Ӧ𺣵Ϯ֮󣬼շо

ɽѨĳ䣬պ̸ˣڶ쫷ϯʱͻȻӰһҵϮ̺ΪԵ˲ԡ
ϧķľ˲佫һһȥ֮󣬺ͶԷϮһ
Ҵ𣬾ȻûнԷɱֻǽԷϮɢˣ֮Ǳڰһˣڳʯ֮û˲Ӱ

ǰ̫֮ĵ·;Уһ·̫գЩ̫֮еȻΣЩ·;֮İʿ
һЩûĽ̫֮İʿߺһʱ;ĸ֣ҲǱڰϮΪаնԸʿϣܹڶԷľָԼʹŸİǽ̫֮ġ
ЩǱ·;иİʿҪЩ̫ļһǿ࣬кܶ˶˵ǿ͵ϮķǳأһĺѲ
ڼյӦףÿÿܹΪؼʱֶԷĳ·ʱĲȡӦԵĴʩܹŴδЩ͵Ϯѳ
ĥѣÿÿΣ֮жܹȥڶǱߵ͵Ϯ֮д֪䣬Ѿһ·ˡ
ģǷǳһ·ʮ֣Ǳŵļһ͵ϮʮΣǻˣھȻܹһΧȫǻɽƫƧ䣬̸ָ̾
һ·̸ֵ̣ľѾĸ߰˰ˣͻĻҪ˶ã̸־ͻʧȥеľ
̸̫ҲǾۺһڶ֮£ÿһζҪľ޴ľÿÿһӳ޴ڲ֪䣬Ѿˡ
ʱǰУջ˵̸ʱᾫľĻһҪʱվһ飬ͬ׶༪١
̸ֽˣЦϵܣҸ߹Լ͹գû뵽һĳ׸ˡ
ȻһЦյ˵˵û㣬ҲˣεնҺܹɹģ㲻ˣҲԽ̫֮ġ
ǫ飬ҲǸ̸Ӳ˵ģʵˣ
һ·̫գкܶΣ˺Ŷɹģû̸ֵİʵ˵ûаܷߵһ
ϵܣҲˣǿˣǸҲܹҵĳŵܹߵһˡ̸̾ϢһɫȻ
֪Լ㣬ǰո󣬺ͬ·һ£ԽԽˡ
İɣ㲻µġճߵһ·ϣǱڰ͵ϮǣĿľΪ˻˵ľЩˣһ㣬ǰҲܻȥԲͣԭأصȺŻᡣȻҲһЩǿ˾ڣǱڰֻΪԼ֮꣬Щ֮ͨУˣ
̸һЦϵܣ㲻ǡЩ˵עɣ
Щ̸ֱ֮òرˣЩǱڰ͵Ϯ̶ȱҪտЩǰ̸֪ȫʢʱڣҲʲôʤ㣬οڣ
һ·ͼչͬһЩյľӦҲľ޴󣬸û㹻ЩǱڰеĸһս
뷨Ϊյ죬Բյľ£ȻΪһ·ϺһļգӦҲĸ߰˰ˡ
ջܱһЩüվ̶Ҳǿ̫࣬˾£Աѣο
ţֻжȡԷеľſ㱣סյͷ
ϵܣɱðհڵ״̬ǺҲʲôΪҿǲڰţû˵ùǰ֮Ѿ̫ľԱɱҾǸ⡣̸ּ
ҵȵļȲ˵ġҡҡͷֻҪ̸־Ҫʩչػ꣬״ֻ̬ʣƽյɣ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ϵܣðգ̸ּ֡
ЦЦ̸͸͸ףĺˣҾԴӽ֮񻹱߳ң߳ɵľֻҪ֣Բ꣡
ʲô㲻ǿЦİɣ̸ִһôܹɣһ·ϣǿô鷳İ˰˲㣬ôܻʣ߳ɣ
̸ֻ֪˵ķӦؿս͵һ·ϵȻΣ쫷֮еҫұȽϹ˼֮⣬ģ˲ң֮⣬Щ֮УһԽеҸҪķѾ𺣶Ϯ
⡭ôܣ̸ֻǲš
һˡصһЦٶ˵ʲôԶȥԼҵĺԺͥŲһ㡣
̸Ի󲻽⣬ãȻؿżգ˼еԵɡ

ͻȻ䣬һ֮겨ٿشǰһ˶Ļʯ֮дǻʯڡķĿֱָա
̸ֵע֮£ûκεķ굱ǻʯ͸壬ɱֲ䣬Ȼû壬ǻʯ濾֮£Ѿͨˡ
Сӣ̫ˣ㾹ȻҽʶųѲӣⲻǰ˸߱Ŀ𣿡һĻͻȻӴ͸˼Ļʯֳֻ֮һһĺɫӰǻʯֳ
һ̬ӵݵЦ⣬żյ˫˷ܣҵôãڵȵˣ̫ˣľֿ̫֮֮Ķа·ˣٺ٣һ·ϲϵɵҪȻ֧Ųסˣ
ô˵ţЦţĳżսӽֳһûһĶشСĹצץһʯżյ嵯ȥ
ȻһʱˣȻѾûʯ֮еԽûʯԸˣˣ϶ǵһνͨģ˵֮ͨѾ˼ˣ
ǳոڻʯ֮УѾ˼һΣǲ̫գûľ޴ĹצЩĻʯԸա
ʯ֮У̺ſȼվʮʯӹֻҪ걻ˣľпܱĵ
ĹͷˣһһЩʯһҪԳյʵ磬һҪ̶ȵıյľһɱյʵ֮󣬱ֹͣʯͶϳ򼧳գɱõյĲ
ǺǣͺãֻҪˣǾͺðˡȻһЦһӰһû
һ̣Ļʯϸһ㣬Ͻʧĵطû
˲ϲٱǹצ֮ץŵĻʯһ˲ȫ˳ȥ
ͬʱʼˣķ̸ִλá
ǿ̸ֺ۸ˣ׼̸ˣֻ˫亮⣬֪һӽ̸̸ֻ֣ø³ˡ
һ˵ޣ˫ض̸֣޲ý̸ָһûƵġ
̸ҲǺˣ־֮£Ҳ̲סзҪʣµľʩչ֮ǰһѪĽѵ
ܵ𣿡ЦζһƬ𺣹ǰð˲佫ûС
СӣΪܹ˵ңٺ٣һƬ𺣣ƽյ֮أԭֻô㱾°ҵǸ߹ˣڻ֮йЦţȻûнЩûĻ
ʲôʲôҵ꣬ҵ갡
Ȼ̸֣ͻȻҽڻ֮УһûСͻȻϮ˲佫ûˡ
̸۾ȻһЦϵܣллĴ񣡡


326 үү
Ȼûѵ̸ֵĶ֣ϴܿͻΪ˻ҽʱǡñ𺣸̸ֵǰ̸ûп֮ľָԼ
ԶԶƳǱһ̸ۣѾʼ֮󣬰ʶſֹ˵͵Ϯ
ʱʱ̶̿ΣֳСһ㣬ôĶ֪
ܵյľųֵģ˵ǹ⽫ԵģҪȻֻҪսʵֳҿӲǵ鷳
ƬĻ֮Уһ֪ͻȻ䷢һӾͽˡ
Ǽһʱ뵽ĸεĹֶΣȻֶҲֻл𺣴ڵĵطʩչܹӳЧڻ֮УԷѷֳΣеȻ֮󣬻ӵͻأӵԤ
һʿ
ⶴѨ֮Ҳ֪˶ˣѾϤⶴѨ֮еһУѾûʯǻ𺣣ΪˣŻʶΪЩ𺣶˵𲻵κεЧ
ץסԽһڻ֮УʱͻȻͷųֲձճɻҽ
õľԺ󣬺ܿأ̸ֿʼˡ
ôָɣЦ̸ֵԣѯʵ
ָˣ̫ŵľĲⶴѨ֮вôã˵Ŀ£̫ı棬˼˾Ľɫ̸ָ̾
ͻȻʶǰ̫֮ĵ·ϣʵ΢Ǳڰĸ֣ľҲҪ̸࣬ԼЩȻǰԺԽеȻ޴ˡ
һ죬ԳԽЩڶѨļһİɣǿģһġտο
̸ֵ˵ͷףһ뵽Ҳܹ̫İ׸Ҿ;е㡭еΪ飬ģһǸ߹ԼҺ֮Ĳ࣬ܲһˣ
һսͼ֮Ĳˣǰպһʱ򣬶ûȫ
һǿģô࣬һҪأҪȻһĲֱ̫֮дأЦЦͻȻ˫âĿһ򲻷š
һյģ̸ɫһͻȻʶʲô΢΢˵ͷڶ˵ʲôҲʼ

һӼ˫עӵķ߳һСӰһòȽͷǹżЦһƵ򼧳ߣһԻͦǿ
ȻɫСͷҪȸոеǿ̫࣡ͷ̫֮ϼǿ֣ʵԶԶ֮ǰͨ͵Ϯǵˡ
ȫעոûһ˿ԥڷͷʵ֮󣬵Լľ仯״֮ת˲ȥ׼һͷϳ֡
ͷЦеһ·ȴΪǡľͻȻͣбƳ̸һۣͷЦСӣţҿû㽻ս뷨һɲǺǵģСͷ˵һЩ飬ӶΣһûмأôġ
һ㲻ҵģһξ룬̸ֵԣ˲վ֮ŵ˭ϵңУ˭ʲôʱˣ
ҿǺһ½̬ڰ̵д½ԯȵү˰̵ص䣬˶֪ҶҲ֪һ㣬οӻרźءͷһ
˭ʡ
ӺڼҵˡСͷЦţҽܣҽҵСӵүүҲڵڼ֮
Ȼû뵽طȻүүڶʱ˵үүΪŹ֣ƺͺ֮ĹϵǳүүЩ棬񿴵ҵ˼ۡ
ҵȷСЩƣӸΪСһЩŵС۾ǽĻ⣬·ʱʱڴʲô⣬˿˾;òġҵȻòȻϵľȴΪۺֻվǶƺӴųγɣӰŸˡ
ԭСӵүүʧʧոЦһŹֵ
Сӣƽ磬ǲӦóƺΪүүҵһۣߺߵ
Ǹģ̫֮еĶѨУЩ߰ĹءҡҡͷЦŵͷʲô
ͷҵСӣ̫ˣô˵Ҳ㳤
ͷ˵˵ɣ˶೤ʱˣУңʲô飿ղԹԵʵ
ҵЦ֪ǲܹյĳƺε̫ŽֵʱҷԱ仯Ϊ״֮󣬾֪˭ˣȹķϣұһѣϵСҲ࣬Ȼ̫Ÿɱˣûʲôˡ
ԭţллĺˣȻҲûаʲôյ˵ͷ㣬ǼСڶôˣ
뿪ʱһѡڰ׹ǵð׹ǵ֮ĥԼʶǳһʱֶõ˲ٻôʱ䣬ӦöͻƲŶԡ
ҵٺЦţĸǼСӸͻƵ֮ѾܹˣٶȣҪ˶þͿȥ֮תתˡ⼸С쵰ǻûͷʧ
ЩСҵԵúܸˣǳԺ
ţнͺã֪ܹһյ˵ͷˣһλȥʱ򣬼Ӻ󣬸пԯߣֻҪڹڣһúǡ
ãһ֪СһġҵЦЦ˵ҳӺҲԯˣҳӺ϶ԯȣҲԯȻ˲ٵĶ֮䣬ѹϵˡ
ҵһ£ͻȻ̧ͷСӣ̫֮ʲôͷҷ£͵ĺãͷߣţ˵ʱϹҲҲսǵҲ㲻ˡ
ҵֿʼ
Ҳ֪ˣǾëŵһܱû
սô֪
Ϲûһƨ㽲ŹأҸ㰡ҺϹһʱ򣬱ˣ֪˾Ƿϻ࣬ԼԼɽ컰Ϲ֮Ȼ뽲ˣϹҵֿʼûûˡ
ͣͣտʼˣȵص㣬£
Һͬʱ¾ˣһ˰Ϲ٣ʲôʱ㲻֪ҵţûû˵˵ϸڡ
̸֣ߣܲˣ̸֪һϳ̫֮ȥпʼͬкҵӴˡ


327 ˴Ѩ
Сӣһû˵أҵµҴҸֿʼ¸ûûˡ
㻰˵꣬ǵľҲľˡշ˸ۣٴ̸һ̫֮ȥҲҵ
ҵٺٸЦţظˣ˵һûһĳ䣬ƺҪֻһڣ̸ֺͼûлӦִ˲ƣ˵ûꡣ
ҵǰ۷֮ǿߣһû˶꣬ΪǾ̶ȣѾ޵۷֮һĸżպ̸֣˸˦
ǼԻһ̸ڣ̸ֵΪҵֱѷɫ̫ˡ
пЦţնЩҵӴͬ飬ʶͺЩ̸ҵʱΪʲôһɫˣԭǿҵֵز
Сӣȥ̫֮ʲô̫֮ûʲôĵطҪĻҪ̫֮ĵģҵ֪һЩطǳʺСһģûȤҿԴǹȥġ
ûȤ
ιιôòãô˵Ҳүүɮ濴ҿһҪġ
ٽǾǰˣ
ˣ㵽ȥ̫֮ʲôҸ㣬̫֮ĿɲǺõط֪Ϊ̫֮УҲмգ㲻ҪҪţҸ㡭
ճĬ
ҵûû˵ķϻ·𴫵ЩǿҵĻҪķѾƵģ̫֮ϣû壬ȻŶ䣬ȴܹͨڶֹĽ룬Լպ̸˾ǲԸҲɡ
ҵ˵ķϻȻ࣬ҲһõѶϢ
ͨЩϻԼ̫֮ĵһЩ״֪̫֮ǱһЩ˾µǿߡ
̫֮У̫֮ΪŨĵطĵشͷſֲ޷ӽ֮⣬Χ֮һЩҪԼǿߣ̫֮
棬ǿĽӴ̫õ̫ɣ۷֮ǿߣ󸽽ͻƺ͸
ҵ˵շʩչؾ壬󸽽ʱģ̫֮ڵд½֮콫Щ̫֮ĵһЩעշ֮УշֳΪаԵޱȵ
̫̫֮֮֮еĳַǿ߲٣Щ˷ԼĴ½֮ÿÿܹʩ֮󣬸Լĸ򴴳ԼеĿؼ
̫֮ʿ֪̫̲֮صôԺ̫ܶİʿ֪Ĺ̼ޱȣηֱ̫֮ĳ塣
Ȼ󸽽ѾԸ½ǿ߻˶еİ飬ΧĸУһ۷֮ǿڣİʿ֮󣬸ҲԼ֮ء
״֮£Ҫôıܿȵ̫֮ĳǿ֮뿪ȻûȥռһҪôƾʵֱѰһУԭǸ֮ɱ߸ϳȥǿռĵط
ÿᷢһα䶯翪ٿռһ㣬ΧٳСС̫֮ϵʿƺЩΪѨЩġѨԺͨҲֻЩġѨܹ֮õ̫֮ĵĳ̫еС
󸽽а˸Сȵ조ѨÿһѨ֮жһڱĴ½ǿվǽ̫֮ģֶλһԼ조Ѩ͸ܹӴѨܹõĻ͸ȥȡ֮еľҫˡ
Ϊ˸ӦҲԼһ顮Ѩɣ̸һ̲סѯҵ
һֱûû˽ͣҵ̸ôһʣͻȻĬڼպ̸˵ĹĿ֮£ҵԵΪЩΣڨЦǸ֮ǰҵȷõһԼġѨҲһʱ䣬һѨѾˡ
մĿҵ˵òᡭòǱ˸˳ȥ뵽ȷд½İɣ
ҵ֮ĵ˵ͷ
պ̸ֺһۣͬʱȻһӷζЦ
˶óҵΪ缫ߣҲ̫֮һ˴ӡѨ֮и˳ȥôЩռˡѨˣǶô£
̸ֱϣʵǲΪǡȱ֣ԲűƳȥЩѨеĸ棬Ӧòѷһɣǡǵİɣ
ҵûˣڵ̹ȻˣͷҾһ˲Ż֣֪Ķ֣ӡѨ֮óˣ
պ̸һ̸˰죬ŵЩѨ֮еĹǿ°㶼ǣģ
ˣϳȥϹ˭֪֪֪֪˲ܹսĹȥǿռһѨҪ֪顣
ϹҵЦҡҡͷҸϳȥĿɲϹһƯСѾͷҲͺɣ˵ں½̱漣˵ңԼȥ
̱漣̸־һô
ʶѾͷҵŹֵ
̸ɫصص˵ͷں½ֻҪǺ½ʿǶ֪
ת򼧳գ̸ֵ̱漵游Һ½һʮʿǰ׹գƺȥ˸ӹ޾̽С
Ȼ̱漸ոճһ죬ңԶǳ֮ϣͻȻ׹һ̺Ӵ̱ͷϣ屬͵ֱӹס̱漣̥ǡһ£̱漴Сڳˣ游ʿ壬ٶ֮쳬˵ϣӦֻжʮ꣬ȴѾ޵˰۷֮Һ½ǧ겻ţ
ǧ겻֮ţʮ꣡ҵҡͷЦ૵ҵҲԩѾͷԭͷôѹô̬ˡ
ҵͻȻʲôżյСӣ˵ʮſʼʿ֮ӦñѾͷҲ˼꣬Ҳڰ֮Ҳǲ۲۵Сˣţǲǡǲ뽫Ѿͷϳ
ʮſʼ̸־ؿżգֲôԭҲһС
Ҫȥ̫֮ģܹ·ĻáҪҪѡ̱֣Ҫط˵ճһ£˵
ãҸǴ·Ҵ·һ·ҿԱ֤ǰȻκε鷳ҵˬ죬ͻȻ䵽ǰһ߼ŷϻһǰ·


328 ǿƵ̬
һҵĻ棬ţСһÿһ֮ж̺ſֲһ̿˷һ֮˴˻ʱʱ໥ײ֮ķ϶
һȥЩûб߼ʣӻʱʱһ춯صıըӱը֮ͷųһĻ֮УǴһγɵĻ棬øӵҪ
˿鰵ɫ򣬴˸䣬еǰ˸ɫУɵ֮ͨС
ÿһ֮еըЩһ֮Уԭ֮еըӰ죬һЩЩͻͨ˸Ѩͨ뵽Ѩ֮С
֮ЩرǿЩѨ֮УȻһѨķ츲زðȴὫѨٻ
ǱѨ֮еԸ½ĶʿѨ֮пԸЩõ˵ĻһЩޱͨЩѨ֮еı仯֪һЩ̫֮С
ǵõ̫֮УǵõеһЩѨ֮ʿ˵ĪĻԵ
ͻƵŹ֮ĸ֣̫֮ҵõѨͨѨõĳ̫֮ĵһֱ˵ҪͻƵŹ֮ڴ֮ǰ뾭Ѩ֮ĵ
ֻЩѨ֮дջˣſڷԼĴ½֮Ѩ֮е߰壬ͻŹ֮

ա̸ֺҵһһҵĴ£˹Ȼ·һ·ϵоգһЩȻֺ֮󣬾
ЩǱڰĸ֣һҵͷųĿϢȫƻˣһΨֶܲû˭ơ
պ̸ˣֻҪСĽһЩּɣҵޱȵϤֵֽսͣڽ˰ȫĳŵ
ûпûпѨ֮ǰվͻȻеľϼ̸ֵСһ㣡
ͻȻڸݷİʿȴԸӦֵϢЩϢˣʵҪ̫֮ϵνǿ̫ˣмѷɫҵ
ҵ΢΢һЦƳ˼һۣ˵ͷСӣʲôˣ
ţӲѨˣѨ涼ǳΣհճ
ǵȻҵٺٵкܶһҪѨ֮У־ʱֻܹǻѨΧȺˡ
˵ҵգҲһԱϹؽһѨӲǽҸ棬ѨȺ˺ö꣬ŵȵϹϹ˽ԼԱ˲뵽ҡ
ΪʲôԼѰһѨʡ
ҵֹסˣЦǸҵʵûϹôֻ̬ܹĿš
Ϊʲôһȥǲͬ𣿡̸ʡ
УѨγɫһѨ֮г꣬ѨͻúὫ֮еĿԴԴϵѨ֮УһʱڣѨ֮е궼ڣ˶ᱻЩӰ죡ҵˣмǣҪȡһѨǧҪʱ̫ٶȸϳһ˳ǸѨ̫֮󣬻᳹ױ
һѨը൱ʮҫߵܺͣ˵ǰʿǾŹ۷֮ǿߣᱻ׺ɱ
˻һպ̸˶ɫ£ոǰѨ֮Уϸ϶Էߣɱ֣ٶȺɱԷ
ЩݷļһѵһֱȣѨ֮˴߳Ȼٽȥ̸ʡ
ҲȫҵͣѨ֮ǾûգܶѨ֮ûеõ̫֮ĵİ壬ûеõκεĸõѨ̫֮еĲѨ֮
ʱȻͻ˾Ѩ֮УȡλˡһΪѨ֮ҪķѾܱߵǱ߾ЩѨ֮˾̫󣬻лɳˣҲѨ֮һ
ȻҵЦһһļңܹڲпɱ֮нѨ֮еĳ֣һʱ׼ԸһҪˮļһ£ЩҪͶļһѨ֮ǿɱȫ˶Է˶Էľ

ҵֻǼ򵥽һպ̸˱ɫԽԽÿˣ˵⸽ֱΪյĿ֮أÿʱÿ̶ᷢκ˶Ļ̥űˡ
û㹻ֻ·һ
һӰͻȻһѨ֮гһӰòӸһ˫纮㣬˸ŴƢâ
һ֣ձܹļϢһʧӰˣЩǱڰеļһƺǳȫϢжԶԶ
̸֣ǾŮˣȻϵ̸֣ƳһۣȻ
̸ӲͷƤԹǰ񣬵С㡣
̱΢΢ͷһܹΪҼṩħ㣬ЩͣҼǵ㡣
ܹСǵ̸̸֣ң̸ֵͷһūŵģ·һʥַŮġ̫֮ϵıֱּ֮
üͷ̸̬ЩˣҲ֪̱漼ں½Ӧü̸ԺҪں½ʱ򲻵òͷ
̱̸һ̸ۣ֣̫֮ĲӦĵط㻹Щȥɡţߣû˵Ϊ㣬ȥɣ
̸ɫΣ͵͵˼һۣӲͷƤСһ̸ˣҺòһˣûб˼ֻҪʶʶһͻˡ
㣬һҽѨҾ͹ܲˡ̱漺һҵһü»ǲǲ
ҵһ㶣æҡͷЦķһֻǰ˴·ûкѨ˼
̱ҵһֱۣ˼գҵǾͺã˭ҽҵѨһɱ£ĺܿͻµıըµעѨ֮УҲʱ飡
գ̱漵ϢɨڣЩǱڰĻ߸һһһ飬̱֮һԲֶֻ࿴̸һۣڵѨ֮УҲûг
ϵܣǸСǺ½̫ˣҲܹΪɴ֣֮Ǹ̸Ϊѵؿżգε
һֱѾ㹻ˣĹ˼ɣҲʲôյ˵ͷʾ̸ֵѴ
Сӣ㿴Ű죡һ˸ѨÿһѨ֮УһһҪĶĹڣҪѨ֮Ҫñɱ׼ҵһʵ˵ҽڸһȻѨǶľͬߡڵϹʱһֱڰҲ˲ٵĽ
ˣҪѡһѨǿռȥҡͷܾҵĽ飬ſԼʶȫȻͷųѨ֮Ľ졣
Сӣʲôҵһ㶡
ĿѾѡˣڽһѨ֮ǰҪָ۷֮ڴҵһ䣬ͻȻһӼĻɽڳȥ˲ʧټ
Сӣǹĺ˰ҵżʧķ૵һ䣬ͻȻ̸֣ܳɹǱڰЩһȻûѨǿ󣬵ҲǸ½͵İ쳬֣СӡʲôɣҺϹ㲢սСҲȹСҡ
ʲô͸ʲôҪôвУ̸Ҳͷˣ͵Ĵҵ
ðɣҾͰһѣҲֻܹҪǷҪѨҾû취ˡҵ˵ͷƺ¶˾ģ׼˳żǰķȥ
ڴʱǻɽ֮УȻһҵһ֮Ѷд˳
׼ȥæҵһסˣɫŹ֣Ӧĳ֮ĻȻڼա
Ҳ˵ô̶һ˲ĹѾˣ
ͷҪæ̸ЦЦؿٺٵ
ҵȻ

ܿأմǻɽ˳ȻѾָ۷֮ǿϢͷųݵ䣬ԴЩĻļһ
չʾԺСһ㣬Ҫðպʲô
һѨ֮УһĴ½۷ǿ߾սʤΣĲپֻ֮ǰչֳǿƺͺֶΣſЩнģԼ˵£Լ


329 
ӻɽ߳ļգѾָ۷֮ҵ̸Եʱ˶˼̺Ŀ
ϣղûмŽκһѨҵǰվ֮ʼ»õľ
̶̼ļ𣬺Щ̫֮֮Ȼγɵ֮е𲢲һСֻаƴСȻ̺ȴѷɫЩ̫֮Ȼй֮
֮г֮ҵЩȣӦ̺֮Խİʿճɻҽֱʱҵż㹻
ҵɫȻżյڵȷѾǳǿˣǻǲЩѨ֮еļһҪѨ֮УһǿռһѨӵиǿУ
̸ȻһĿҵУ
УҵҡͷڵԽЩǱڰļһɵǱѨ֮еĹﻹЩ࣬Գɹ
ûзҵĻЩѨ֮ɨһ飬˵ͷ˵ĲڵȷԽκһѨеЩ￹⡭
ô˵ţͻȻٺҵ̸ˆ£ִ˵֮ʧˡ
ҵȻ̸ҲһɻһҪЩʲôӡ
ʧļգϢڸĸڱδѨ֮дżһǱڰĻ߸ȵļɹ
ԼյΪסһĿĻԷܹӼյĸӦ֮ѣȫ׷һ˵ʱ˲Ϣ̬Ϊ״̬ðİ壬Խжٶȴ
ǣ֮£һǱڰеǱɱȥһ·Ѿʶ̫пᣬ֪ôһطĴֻΪӪ
ʵںʼˡ
֣֮仯䣬Ī⣬ǱûиӦͱҪʱȴַҪڼְ̻꼼Ŀը
һǱڰеļһڼյϮ֮£׷׻ɢȫȻոûɡ

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ֻǶ̶һҵ̸ˣҲΧǱ߰дˡ
Ҳʱ򣬼մһұķأɫᣬɱ˼˵ɱŨңǰһŶȦһ
ŶγˣĿǰܹƿصļޣŶγɣ˱˵ľŶȫƿأ꾫۷֮
վҵԵʱҵ̲ס΢΢˼Ȼ
ǾŶ̺̫֮ˣҵԵ÷ǳη壬֪ļ˾Ŷ֮Ѿ̫֮Ϊµǿ֮һ
ʱȫЩѨ֮еκιһս
ˣԽѨ֮ˣҵһ
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ҵɫһæͷڵİ˸Ѩ֮Уһ˺пڡ¾ȻûбԼݣҺ͡¾֯սΣԼ֪һЩ¾ԭѨ֮һ㡣
Ѩ棬ѲѨȻѨˣȴٿԸӦѨΡ
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Ѩ֮мΪ죬ҵ˵ʱ仯ϴʱԽɢѨӣӣҲпеѨΪһ
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ںһĴѨԳܾ޴깲棬ҲõĻἷѨ
ʱ򣬴Ѩ֮еԸ½۷ǿߣΪܹΪԼıȡ棬ͻиӲпɱпµĳ̶ȣֱκ˵
ţҺ͡¾ҲйڣȻҪѡһѨ룬ҾѡǸ¾ڵһɡû̫ԥһ£ʾҪ¾ռݵѨ֮С
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лյ˵ͷЦƳ̸һ̸ۣİɣѨ֮к̱սҲ޹ˣʲô鷳
̸ֿЦ㲻ùңûܹʲôѾˡ
ͷտ̸֣Ҳ֪ܹܲų棬ϣ㿴ҵϣ̸ֻŴȥնҵ̸ֵ֪Ϊû˰Ļʮа˾Ųܹ뿪̫֮ġ
ðɣˣҲὫСӻŴȥҲд½ϽϢԯȡͰĵȥɣȻ֪ҪѨ֮ʲôȴ֪Сӿ϶ʲô׵顣ҵͷ
ڷٿžŶ͵سɡ¾ְռһѨȥ

ˣСӷҪôżѨҪʲôҿĳĿƺֻշ֮ҵѯ̸֡
̸һ̾Ҫȥȡҫ
ҫҵȻɫ˺һ૵Сӣǻ˰ҫⶼҴѨ֮ô꣬ʶô֣û˭þҫͷϹڵʱҲû£Сӣĵˣ

һѨϸоҵת
Ѩ·һ޴ޱȵԲ濴Ѩֱ֮һһѨǷĻ棬Ѩ綼ҵתš
ŨŨǻ𺣣ϸԭѨ󣬴Ѩ֮ϣϵлӿЩ֮УʱʱɢĴ䡣
սߣһѨ֮еǵأ·Ѩˡ


330 ǿаռ
ֳһ춯صѨڲ֮бȻͼһӿĻ˳ɽһϯǻ˳һ·ϵؾۼѨ֮еĻŶʱǻ˳Ѹٱ
ǻ˳ҪＧǰʱЩ˳Ѿһɽ廹ҪӴˣ̺Ļд½棬ԽһСҸ״ݻ٣
Ȼؿǻ˳ӿȴ޶ԣûвȡκεķʩͱ˳ûˡ
Ѩ֮еսԲпѸƣΪѨܹʱɶԵʣֻҪѨ֮г֣ûκεķϻҵս
ÿһѨ֮еˣʱı󣬻̼価ȫϣٶɱԷ
̵ܹʱ佫ɱʱ䵽Ѩܲס˵Ѩʱʤ߶ѣͬ·һ
Ѩ⻷עսĲпᣬûзϻû߰Ľ棬ֻ˲ȼս
սĽһΪյ㣬ҵһǵ˳ȥˣϾֻ

һΰӰɫؽתֳϣͷǻĳŴ壬Ÿķţ˫С̫ϵĽͻͻš
ͬû壬ȴһѪ⣬ޱʵĸо
ڰ֮޵۷еף
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ô˵ţʼԼſѰյɢ

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Ѩ֤Ѩ֮л깲棬֮£ѨӦʱƣѨеԽԽȶֱѨȥ
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Ļһɫ󺺵Ϊģϵؾۼֻһ˲䣬仯һɸߵĻޣ޻ȼգһѿɽĻ޸ռѨڲһ룡
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˺յľצһݺݵ
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죡ǿ̸ִʧɫֲࣺ̫ˣ潻սǵǿԽһСǳݻٰɣ
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Ĳˣҵ̵ʱɱˣΨһİ취Ѩ˻һ군
̸ǵģȴ޿κΣ֪԰ʲô

һһĶشСľ޴ȻĿֲһ޴ֱ֮ӽ޸š
һĶشС𣬺ռѨڲһĻȣֱ΢ͺñһָСС磬䵽һһ㣬Ȼôһ䵽ǻ޵ϣȴǻյĻΪˡ
ڼյע֮£һŰĻޣ֮¼Сˣ̺֮ҫ߹һһ˵ҫߵĹںһγɵԻһҡ
֧Ųסֻһ򣬾ͱյĸɸɾ
޲ϵСֻǧ֮һСʱڻ֮е󺺣Žֳò
ϧʱѾһϢˣȫľҲסϮСķ֮һ𣬽Ĵ󺺸ʱĴ˲仯Ϊ̣״Ѩɢˡ
֮ǰΪ˵Ѿĸ߰˰ˣ֮Ҳûʲô

պʧʲôҲûеõ䣬ʼ۲µѨ硣
֮սһȷе˵Ǵ󺺵һѨıͻȻȻֹЩ󺺾ۼĻ棬ʼ·ݵϣγͨµͨ
ֻǶ̶һѨȻָֻԭˣҲûκε
ͷ·𣬸ոǴ󺺸ûս·һжûзЩɢѨ֮еͨͨͨʼѸٵĲֻһѨ֮У»ָŨŨĻ
հһòɱһˣǿռһѨ׼ƿصľŶͷŵȻ´һꡣ
Ȼ׼ͷŵϵһʱ򣬴ͨĻ֮ͨУͻȻҵĲǻ֮ͨУб۷ǿߵϢ
ɫһ䣬æֹͣ˶ͷţضڲ仯Ļͨ
ĳ֮еһδըѾʼˣ
ÿʱѨ֮е۷ǿߣԼͨǻͨӦ˵Ϣ


331 ң
⽫Ϊʱ̣
ʱͨĻͨΪȶʲô鶼пܷ
ըʱ򣬻ͨͨĳѨ֮УЩпܻᳬѨɼޣ־֮£Ѩ֮е˽Ϊѵľ
뿪Ѩκ˶ѡĻѨܻĻЩԶȥ
Щٶȹ죬пܻѨɼ£ѨֵһĻпܽѨסõܹõһУ
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֮£˸ѨһںϵĿԣںϣҲпںϣпܰ˸ѨȫںһγһΨһĴѨ
Ǻ־Ѩ֮еˣҪԵڶ˵ΣգĻ̥Ѩ֮Уһˣ޵ĿԷ
֮£Ļ⣬һҪùˣΪܹһطܳˣսҲͷˡ
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ոպ¾ĸһս˴ʮ֮ľֻ֮ôһ㾫Ϊ֮ǰ˺ģüǱߵľ˾Ŷ
Ŷں֮󱬷˴½¾ǿߵոɾֻҪɵľ𼴿ɡ
һսľĲ󣬴ʱ㹻һսǰǣԷҪ֣
άĴڣҲҪļľ˳ֵĽϳ٣ĵľһزпڽս֮ʧܣðգòôðգ

ڻ֮ͨеԽԽˣѨڲļգԲһѨڲ磬ʼӿת̬Щͷ͡
У֮ӿӿĲڴֿյЩ˷һеĻ⣬̺еܹӰһ˵ꡣ
˭ðȻЩ̺ϢŤ˲ȴûκʶĻ壬᲻ϵ̫֮ĵҫ߱Ĺ㡣
ֱһ죬㹻֮󣬻γֲҫߣһµѨ
û˭ԸΪ
Ϊ֮бըһ죬г׻Ϊҽһ죬ˣЩӿ֮Ѩ֮еˣգŶܣ
˸Ѩ֮еİ˸۷ǿߣǳϢӿ֮һܣѨڲ֮Ĵܣ»ᱻЩĻϢ
ûһ뿪Ѩ
Ȼ뿪Ѩʱð취
˶ףǳϢӿͬʱҲпӿ̺ϢĻ֮Щ̺ĻϢȴǿˣÿһõ̺ĻϢˣ궼ᱻ׵ĴĹ֮УܹܵĻϢϮп̫֮ĵУ
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ˣʱûһͼ뿪ȫһ߶أһ߽ʶſϣܹӦг롣
֮£ıըӿѨ֮еǳĻʮıըֻһλг̫֮ӿҲֻǽһѨ֮С

˸ڸ½۷ʿڰ˸Ѩ֮һŬţŬŶЩĻϮʶſϣܹ̺̫֮Դĵ
˶ڵȺţȴ⡣
Ҫõ֮еҪֱӽ֮У
ڶЩϢʱŬŻͨӽ˵ҪͨѨֻедըֻеӿʱУ
Ҳ˵ڣ
ĬĬؽʶſһظԼҪСģдӻ֮ͨϢ겻ϵرλãٶţһֳһͨȥ

ͻȻ䣬ͨͷյĻͨһ̺Ϣ̫֮ԱߵһѨ֮ͨС
ԱߵѨ֮ͨУԼ½̱漵Ϣ̱ȻˣϢͻȻһ£֮ͨˮһŤţڹƶλͬʱϢҲʵķӦ˳
ͬһʱ̣մԼĻ֮ͨУо֮Ŀֲɱ񳱣
Ѩ֮еıĴ½۷ǿߣһҲ̱ǸѨ֮еı仯֪һ̫֮Ϣ̱漵Ѩ֮С
ʱ˸Ѩ֮ͨ룬·࣬Ѩ֮ͨеǿߣȻҴ֮ͨн̱漵ͨȴǵʶԸ̱漡
ܹʱûԼʶɱ̱漣ıըֹͣôǾͿԴԼѨ֮뿪Ȼ̱漵Ѩ֮Уȡһɻûб̱漸յ̫Ϣ
һϢſͻƵŹ֮ľ޴ܣ
ˣһ̱˹ʺˣϿʼͷųԼɱʶϮؼͨԵĻͨעִ̱漵Ļͨ
ĿģΪɱ̱漣
ò׿ԼĻͨļգ׼֮ͨڵϲ֮вϵӿ˸ҵĹ깥ڱĴ½۷ʿ꼼һ󣬲γɵĻâȻ꼼ѷɫ
ռĲҪˣ
ҪĹͷΪһｫԼϢעһĳΪ꼼е㣬ʱ֮У׵ܵ
̱ˣȱһɱˡ
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ףһıըܻܿͣˣһνֻܹȴһεıըˡ
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ղᣬһ߰һһ̱漣˼ŸӦ
˸Ѩ֮еʵֻռһС򣬸Զ֮ʲô˭Ҳ֪
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ڼյǰ൱һȣֻҪٶȹ죬Ժܿ촩ȣȻ֮ȴŵ⽣ӰɱʱҪ⽣Ӱ֯ȣ
ֻҪ֮еĵ⽣ӰֹͣһԽȥͿԽģҪٵʲôˡ

ģҶǵϣǻ᲻˷Ѿ
ͻȻ˺ģϽɾŶһڵ˳ȥ꾫Ĳ֮ģһ޴𻺻ѨеĻ֮ͨС
һһ·ǰڼղϧһд۵ľĿʹ߷֮£һٶȼ죬˲䴩˼յѨͨͨһӽһġ
һһͳ̱漵Ļͨȥ
Ѩ֮е۷ǿߵ꣬ͬʱӼջ֮ͨеϽԼ깥ŤתԱͼյ໥ײһ걬򡱣ŻٶȣüյС
ΪյĿĺһ
Ϊ̱漵Ѩ֮ӿһ˶ʱ̱漵ɵĵˣΪһѨ֮еĿռ׼Լ깥̱漵Ŀռ䣬Ǿ޴Ѩ֮Ҳһܹ̱漻ɱ
յǵ꼼̱ڵѨֻ̱漵Ѩ֮УȫǸĹ޴ɶ㣬ſɱ
ըʱ֮еˣᷢѨǿʮʱ˭Ҳܹ뿪Ѩֻеը֮ѨϷŻָ
ֻҪʱ򣬽ӿ̱漵Ѩ̱漵Ѩ̱֮󣬾ͻ·һЩ˶֪ӣʱŻŽһ¡
̱һеıըһֹֻͣ˴˼ɱʱǲǵˡ

ûκεӿ̱漵Ļ̱ͨڵѨ֮зˡ

ǸѨ֮е̱漣ķȫǸָ
˵깥Ѩ֮ĴţѨҪˣһȥ춼걬춼ɱγɵ񳱣޴ڣһѸʹƺҪѨ
һϢѨ֮У̱ûյĻᡣ
ۿһЯž춯صĿֲǻ֮ӿֶ̱ҪˣаԼں½жȴҪɱ
ûз֣ڴʱӿѨͨһ𣬿ʼķŹı仯


332 գ
һ𣬲ûһͼٶȳڵѨ֮УǻͨڣҲûоʹ˹
෴ģһ𾲾ڻͨڣ˺̵ܽڻͨڣͷһַǳǿҵ˱Щ֮ͨеĻס
ǻͨڵܻ棬ЩڷݽĳҪϢһ֮£׷׳ݹȥ
ֻһ˲䣬һ䲢ڶ߰Ϣ֮£Ѹ׳
ڣһЩӿ̱Ѩ֮еĳϢ˵ĴŻĻ꼼Ӱ죬վۼ
һԽԽŨңһزʱ̱ϲͨһı仯
̱һĳȵףһ֮ͷŵĻУʶһһֵĻѨ֮Уɶôµ̱о壬ʶ˲мٵ˼Žİ취
ȻѨ֮УǻЩѨ֮еĸ֣ЩûʲôѨ֮кֱײѰΨһͼѨ֮н׻
棬Ѩϳ˹Ẕֵ́ѾԹˣǿʮķĿǰܹͻƵģ
ô죿
̱оţҪѰҵһѵķȻʾ֭Ҳ޷ҵõķʽ
ʼˡ
ڴʱ̱סˣĿŻ֮ͨеһ
һҪ֮ͨе𣬾Ȼˣ
˻֮ͨеĻ棬Ũ⣬˳Ѩ֮еĸֻڶ߰ĹŹۺһѾԽԽԿƣһѨ֮У˲䱬ԽѨ
һȼѨ֮˳ʱ̱漾ֻ·һ
ȻΪؼʱ򣬾̱ΪɵʱһȻԭ·ˣ
ӿͨȫ˵ײͼΪǿ͵ڶ֮߰ѾüΪĿֲѨ֮۷ͷų깥ƣ˲䱻
ԽԽԿļգ쵽Ѩ֮иֵķɱɻ֪˼ֱҪˡ
ڣһ̫ľ޴̱漵Ļ֮ͨбѿҫߵĿ±ըһһӽ̱漵Ļͨ״ݻ٣ͬʱըನӿ֮У˳ƳѨȥ
ԼճɱʿʶһӿǵĻͨһɱըನΪң˲òʱеעУͼסЩӿǻͨ
һ̣ĵشҲû˵깥̱漵ĻͨըˣҲûа취ˡ
յȵľһ̣еľһ˲䴩ԼĻͨһ󣬲ԸٶȴԽ
һǴ֮˵Ѩ֮УŴҵ𶯣̱漵ͨǳʧˡ

̱ԼѨУĻʧͷĻͨһϣȻѨڲǹ첻⡣
ףһͻȻֵΪؼʱѨͨըˣѨ֮۷ʿܹ֣˵ԷǾһ
ǣȴ֪ԷΪʲô֪Է˭
Ѩ֮Уһ˶Ҫ̫֮ĵϢһ˷ܹѨ֮еĸ֣Բ᲻һ֮ȻԷûгᣬһѣ˵
̱ЩĪ
һҪʸ̱漰ģĽѨ֮еһ֮󣬾뿪ѨŪ
ô̱漽עһμеԼѨУû˵Ӱ죬ԷĵӿѨ֮еˡ

󣬼һʱЩӦ
ڻɽײҽ̶УʥȸһξѪʥȸػؼ걻סԺһʱ仹Ƿǳܡ
γĻ棬̫֮ģ̫֮ȻȻγɣЩһǸһ㡣
Ȼȴ޿ײģˮһᣬȴƺҲˮԡ
γɵĺ󣬵ȷˮ̬һ޿ײ룬һ֮Уͷ׷ӿ֮Уûκεķ취ֹķա
곹ױûԺһʼ꼫ΪʹһҪˡ
Ҫڻɽصǧɴҽ̶лľôһӣͻᱻճ̣˵һ
Ӧ˺һӣŽϰЩ޿ײϮûùûȥþȥ֪Щûá
ĽԺʱͣûмųȥĬĬ֮ͣſ飬ȥӿ֮е
ʥȸǻʥޣòٿ֮Ļ̫֮γɵȻһҲǻֻҪǻЩ֮ͬΪײеҰޣܹѱͻᰲΪĵˣ㡭
Ļ뷨֮гȥҫȥ꽫ٵΣſ飬ſ̫꣬¼İ֮ȴԼĿġ
ȴԼ˭
֮бŰ𣬷·ͻȻðĵıըγɵĿƺҲͻȻ˳ûгڵķͷų͵ĳ
Ȼ̺֮еĳȴңԶԶ
ӦĴһɹ·ǧ类ĳٻš
һһɣʮӿ̱Ѩ֮е̫֮˷ݶһϸĳߣۼԣ֮ϡ
һڼյϣҫĹΣˮһ֮С
һ߰ʧļĿհ֮ˮһ֮ϡ
أʮһɽһɣȫʧ˼յ֮ˡ
ʱ򣬼յ壬ֳ̬һĻ֮Уе貵˸ʯǿյһſǳҫ۶Ŀ


333 ҫ

֪˶ã֮һʱЩãȻ֪ʲôȴͻȻԼ֮Уĳµ
ΧʶԼУЩЩֺͻȻһַǳϤĸо·Щһ֣
֮У·Ȫڣ˵ʣƣƺѾԶȥˡ
һַǳǳŹֵĸоȻһԼɻУһƺûб仯Ψһ仯ľԼƺõҪˡ
һɣôһͷҪ꣬Ȼͷиֳָȫǻ˹
ı仯ЩСһϷţÿһ֮УƺһƵϢڣ
մһ𺳵ķָŵˣſ飬ȥܣҪǲǴ
ǧֵϢ˷֮ӿ֮УЩֵϢ֮еģǡԼϢ

Ŀɿڴп϶뷨֮һǶŵͻȻЩɡ
Щ̫֮ȻֵģΪʲôΪʲôԼȻȻǵǳ΢û̫ǻۣǣȷ尡
ԻؿΧ𣬿Щ·ˣΧɸͣ
ҫ˺һʶһеĿģҫͷԺ֮֮ЩΧ𣬿ʼسǰȥ
·𣬷·ڸ·
һһ澫ǰߣԥһ£Ҳ͸֪ЩὫδȴЩϢ֮в⡣
ףֵ壬û̫ิӵͷӦòƭֶϰ
ǰ𣬼̬Ѹٳŷȥ
ͻȻ䣬ڷԼ̬֮֮꣬ŵʯһˣЩ貵Ŀޱȣ·ǶĻ֮УޱȵĺгһΪṩĳ
֮£ʱ޿̶ڷű仯·𡭡·ıԴıһ
ֱ֪仯ôһ£Ȼ쵽ЩʯһĹâӿ̱Ѩ֮еϢŵơ
֮˵ƣΪ֮еЩ⣬Ҫӿ̱Ѩ֮еһϢǿʮ
ԽԽԻˣ֪֮ʱ򣬾Ϸʲôı仯Ҳ֪Щ仯˵ǺûǻΨһܹģǸԼĸоߡ
оЩ𣬶ûһ⣬ô𣬸δ֪ǰ

ãЩĴ£ҫŶĿâĵش
һ겢Сһһ֮ͨϣһ֦ŤǳžſС̫ſС̫âĿͷųİȺ͵ıŰȻͬ
Сһ˸ߣſС̫һĹʵҲֻȭͷСſŹʵţһȥһ
СΧռ䣬ǳ⣬ռ·иһƬƬȵĻң
һСһĿռѷ죬СֳЩռѷ֮УԿͨǳڣйĿʱʱйâγɵһЩѿĿռ϶ֳ䵽ǳ֮ϣֱӽһǳи룡
ڿռѷĸΧ̫Ť仯պػðһݣЩָֻ״СȻЩֻҪһ֮ðͻϿʼոֲ̫֮
ֻҪļһҫߵ̬Ѿγˡ
ݳո̫֮ڶ̶̵ʱγҫߵ̬Щҫһַ棬Ʈ̫ı棬һҫǿռѷ֮У벻֪ıҫںǿճ֮κ嶼ᱬը
СģǻҵĿռѷ죬ΧǲϵγɵҫߣΧǿʿɢ
ҫΧգػֻǵһѣ
ǲγɵҫߣǾҫĻҿռ䣬ҪҪΣأվ棬ɢŹâľҫһʱסˣ˼ŸβܹӽǾҫβܹǾҫ

С˾ſС̫˵ĹŹ֣˵Ĺ죬ôһϤĸо
һͷͻȻԺ֮ͻȻԼƺʲôطôĳͷһԺֳ֮Ҳ֮ȥˣʼȥ룬ȥԺ֮еʶƬΡ
׹ǵֱ֮еԶŴ棬ǹʵһĹʵǲϻתţ
ҲǸʱΪһòڲ磬еõ˱ǵĴһٴﵽ۷֮
߸ǳʵĴһžſС̫Сƣ
һþҫСһ⣬һþҫǾſС̫֮⣬֮΢΢
һһĲȻٿһþҫ϶֮䶨Ȼĳֵϵҿ϶ôСȵĹһͬһ֣
¶ˡһֱǲϵðݵͨϣͻȻ˾޴֦ҶЩ֦Ҷ򳤣ϵر󣬶̶̼һÿȫòĹѾռ䡣
һÿȫòĹ棬ԼޱȹϵϢһϢд½ϵϢһǳĹϣǳӴ󣬷·Ѿ㡣
ǱȰ׹ǵĲӴ̫౶֣ӴϢѾд½ϵʥޣ˼ĵز
ĸֻڵο֮ս˶ѣȫʢʱڵǣĻڼյ֮ƺ֪յ뷨ͣһд½׹ǵ֮Уһ߸ǳĴҵһӷѿ֮Ľܹд½Ҷû뵽
Ȼһ˵׹ǵϵһòȻӣղû⡣
ο֮սôһ£ʥ޺㣬ʲôϵɻ󣬿Ť֦ɵĲ̲סʡ
㻹û֪ʸ񡣡Ѷ𣺡㽫ĸں֮󣬵ܹһ½ʸ֪֮սϸڣȻ˵õľҫʸ񡣡
ȵȣռ˵һ˵ܹ֪飬ҲһֱôججĹȥĸһˣд½һֱݷţ޷ǹͨ


334 롭Ұ㣡
̫֮Уж󣬼Ҳûа취֪ȻʹӹӴϢҪĿǰʥ޻ҪȻҪνľŹʿҪǿ̫ˡ
ˣڶԴʱ򣬼ǳ˺ģ֪ϣһ̲̫׵ܣʥһȻҲĳǿ壬䣬ԶԶ֪
ܾ޴֦Ҷͨҡҷţһúֻ͵ľҫֻ¶һֵ£ѾԵüΪС
ʱ򼧳濴ŷһþҫĸƺһùϣǡڹϣǽڹǿŴڵһ
ͬʱЩھҫռ϶ڹ֮ѾˣЩӴðݳܹγҫߵݣҲʧӰ٣ΧžҫҲɢԶһƬ
۸߼գһб仯ģһò֪˶Ĺ
֪ʲôڵ㻹С֪ˣҲ𲻵κεáŲѹ˵һ¡Ļ
ʲôΣճһ£ֻôһ⡣
֪Ϊԯд½ϳػ½֮⣬ƺӦűΣֻܹʥõʲôѶϢһκò̫֮ģʥһϲǿĴڣϣܹӶԷǶõһЩ򣬲Ҫôһ֪Ĺȥ
βֻػд½ĸת㣬Ÿıδ㣬иӹ̨Ļ𣬡Ҫ֪һУܿģĸͻ㣬ӦֻҪͻƵŹ֮Ϳĸˣʱܹ֪Ҫ֪һУ
ôһ˵ͻȻ˼ҵǰԯǰԯھŹ֮ʧ٣ÿһҵԯھŹ۷֮Զ뼧ңһԶȥȻһȥӴʧټ
˵޵Źܹ֮ʥޣܹʥǶõҪ֪һУǲǾҪÿһԯҪߵ·
ٴδ
ڴʱһžҫľŸС̫ͻȻҫ͵Ĺγһ̣շ־ҫĸӹϰγˣҫ죬
һС磬Ҳϵӷѿɣۼ̫֮ĵ̫УͻƵŹ֮߰ɣı壬̫һȣٴ̥ǣ
ҫɵ˼յ֮ǰһץҫ䵽ڣһһѪĸоͻȻӿͷ
֮ǰУõǼʮ̺ϢЩ꣬Ըֱ۵ĸֻܵҪܹһС罫һ飬ͿԸһѸͻƵŹ֮
Ҫעһ㣬һ֮뿪ҪԼĴ½
ˡȻûеõѶϢѾõ˾ҫһеĿҲǴﵽˡ
ûи߹ǧȡҫҪԼãûиͷᶴеͷžҫû̫ĳɣת峯ȥ
һ뿪Ŀռ϶Ͳðݱָֻԭòһµӣǲڷɳԭһþҫɳȥĺ֮С
һƤĲˣڹֳ֦ؿżʧķ򣬵૵֪ҫܹ˲ͻƵŹ֮ľȻû˿Ķҡ׼ҫתˣ⺢ӡǰȣ⺢ӿɰ࣬ϣܹ򣬲Ҫǰ˵ĺ󳾡

Ȼ˵̾ϢǸνҫ̫Χа˴Ѩ߸Ѩ֮жűĴ½۷ǿߣûеЩˣƾҫЩڱĴ½İ۷ǿ߶Źο֮ǰƻЩһĺ¡
չ˵Լҫд½Ҳ˵ԱЩѨ֮еĸ֡
̱ڣһ۷֮ǿߣˣڱĴ½ÿһź൱ʵ;磬δ˵Ƥӵ뿪
뵽ؾҫھҫϵϢأЩ˸оҫϢƴǿȾͻ࣬뿪Ѩôţ֮Уʼؾҫһɹɾγھҫ棬ͼþ谭˵̽
Ȼôȥʱ򣬾ҫֻҪһͷųϢ󶼻֮ڣЩξҫľᱻ˲߽⡣
ҫ֮ƺĳϵ֮䲻ܹܵκ谭Ҫҫͷ֮Ȼвͨġ
ܽҫϢȥҲ֪һ˵ȻѺ࿹⣬ôһֻһ취һ뿪ٶ뿪쵽˷Ӧ
ǴѨ֮нģҲ˵Ѩ֮뿪ֻҪžҫ֮ͨУ˾ԿԲžҫʱ͹ϵٶȽѨһѨ֮󣬻Ҫ뿪ܹ˿ɡ
һͷԺйһ飬հõڶַ£ڣ뻷˰˸ѨһԽԽˣۣͷųƻҪ߽ǵ̽һı仯
ĵĴըѾˣ˸ѨǿʮķӦѾˣѨеˣʱӦԴѨ֮гˣʱ̱ûнԼѨ֮еգؽҪ˲ݵḻ̌漻Ѿ뿪Ѩ˰ɣ
аţԼĵһʶ̱漵ѨҪŪǱߵ
ǰѾ̱漵Ļͨը٣Ҫȷ̱Ǳһʶһ֮ûв̱漵ϢҲûзֻͨǱƺûʲô⣬ʶһתԼǰڵĻͨȥ
㣿̱漵ͷͻȻѨ֮дʲôΪʲôΪʲôովҵģ
дʧɫ㡭ôҵѨ֮У
˵ѨѾۺһˣ˵ѨҲͬۺһۺϣһܻͱѨۺһ𡣡̱ôĮǿƣΪʲôΪʲôոջң
ղҪгû뵽ʱѨѨ֮侹ȻۺϣƺڽеУ
λش̱漣ܻӰ쵽жһ£˵ѣ
ҡҰ㣡


335 ѻƪ
Ұ㣡
ͷݹȥԺҲ÷ǳŹ֣ԼЩ飬ԼԲĳˣƭ˭Ȼֳ֮£Ϊܹ˳ҫ̫ò²ߣһֻΪܹһˣʱһѡ
̱ǱߣһӳĬȥ
֪̱漻ʲôӦĴ̱ޱȣĻԣط̹
̱֮Ǳڴ˻Ӧ㡭˭𣿡̱漵ĻԵöĪ⣬͸¶Ϊȶ
֮ǰģҺ̸һģ㿴һۣȻȻֻǿһۣȴѾ㣬ΪȫȫĶӰӡճһѣѨеʱ򣬵ҷ㱻ʱûκεԥϽȫΪ˽ͨըˣҪӻ֮ͨгȥ㣬ȴСģСıˡ
ռѣȻԼĻԷǳ©ٳаԼȻó顣
ϣ̱ƺ֪ѣ̱漶ôϸһ㲻ģһ£Źֵʵ㣿ͷԵǸˣΪʲôΪʲô˵ѾңֻΪһ棿㵽Ǻξģ˵
̱漵Ļ˺ԽԽȶ˵
ҡҲ֪ҿ֮ҾͲ֪ҵڸʲôѨʱ֪Ұܻ˵Ĺ֪ζʲôȴôĪˣķˣ
̱ǱͻȻûϢ
̱֮漲ŴѶҡҲģҲΪģģ˭㶼ܹӰҽϴľģ
ȻһѶȴԵúʧȻף䲻㣬Ҳģκε谭ǣ̫֮ϣҿԡԺһѨ𣿡
㡣
ϲսʶͷſѨ̽һ£ͻȻִʱѨ֮УżҵĽս
̱ڵѨԭȵѨۺһѨںϳһѨڸ½۷֮ǿߣ̫أǿаһѨ֮Уɱķ˴ս
ʱ̱ӦѾԭһں֮ˣ֮£֪ɱ̱Ҳûˣֻ뽫ͬһѨĵ˸ɵ߱Ƴȥȴµע롣
£ûȥ̱漣̱漷Ȼˡ
̱漴ѶԺ󣬼ŪһγɵĸµѨķɲˣңĸѨ֮仹ڻӽżںϵĿԡ
ڣѨеɲ뿪ѨѨ֮仹ڿγµĸѨȻиҵս
ʱ򣬴ĸѨĻͨȴڻϣ
Ҫ֮뷨ע޷ɣĸѨĻͨر֮ǰҪһѨ̱漳ѣһֻΪˣ̱漵֮ͨ󣬿Բ̱漴ս
ס֮ûм̱漵ĻͨǼͷ۲Ƕʱʱغ̱漳޹ʹĻ
ףһ̱漵Ѩ֮УûйرյĻ֮ͨУһͷųҫϢ֮ͨеļһֻҪӦҫϢֹܻͣսϾϡ
Ϊ̶ܹȵǵҪǼȥǻͨر֮ǰĹͷ̱漵Ѩ
ǸʱĸѨͨĻͨرգ̱漵Ѩ֮ǰӦһҫϢʱѨеĻͨѾرգҪҲʱûа취ֻܹȵµѨںһ𣬵ȵͬһ֮ͨԺſԶ֡
ʱ̱һѨ̱ûк˽սֳ˺⣬ֻҪ˵̱漺վһԸˣ̱漺Ѩϲʱ򣬿ʤѨ֮нսõˡ
ĺúõġ
ڣ̱ǸѨ֮еĻͨϵһܽķ϶
ԥЯžҫյҵд˲û̱漵Ļ֮ͨУֱ̱ڵѨȥ
ҫͷųϢ̫ԣǼյٶѾ쵽˼£Ѩ֮е۷ʿҲ쵽˴˲䴩ǹĵ
һ˲䣬Ѩ֮еĽսͣ
һ̣Ѩ֮Уͬʱ̽ѶϢ̽ѶϢ˳żմĻͨѨ֮Уǻ֮ͨǰƽϢֻ˻ȥ
ǻ֮ͨǰҲ֮ͨеˣȫ侲ûһٺҳ֣ƺڵȺŻᡣ
̱漰ȻµĴѨ֮Уû̱漣һͷںĳ˳ںŮһ߸ϣؿͻȻֵļգֱһ̣̱漲ע⵽
̱漳Ľëһ㶶һ£ͻȻЩʧͨ
ȻȻһϲŮ˾ȻֻòŵľҫŮʱԴԵ˵ȻȷôһͻȻԺ˸İˡ
̱漽ëһζһ£ע⵽˼еľҫҫ㡭ôģ
ЦЦͷһ˼ģ֮ǰҪʱб󣬱𸲸ǣһֱģһҫ˳ְץסˡ
ô򵥣̱Ȼš
Ҳ֪ôã챣Ӱɡմ
һֿؿ̱漣ԸֻҪҴѨ֮гͬɣΣⷬǳΥģȻѻȻѾˣҲ׼˵ѵˡ
ҫҪ⹫壵ľ֮Լ᲻ãǸӲκ˷ģ
̱漳Ľë˫ǲ˼ɫʣС΢ţ㡭˵ʲôҷҫΪʲôΪʲôҪôֻǵһμңǲǷˣ
롭ǷˣҲ֪ԼʲôտЦ
̱ǹŹֵɫʣؿżգǺƺżҵĶĳ̱漶ٱյһϳȭˣƺЩССĸж߰Į½Ůƺ˿һСǡ
ҲҪĶһ㣬ѶĴ½͵ǡǶĻرԺ󡭡㻹ҰɣҲϲģסһصĴ½ңǲܵģ̱Į
ллأдУɫȻͷľ
ڴʱһѨڿ£Ѩںϡ


336 
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պ̱һѨ֮Уʼûж֣û̫ģ̱漵Ϊõһ̫֮ĵԼЩͻƣžҫļգ֮Уõʮ̱漵õгȫ
ͬһѨڣĬĬصȺţȺѨһѨںϣȺżս
տ̱漣ɫЩŹ֣Ϊ̱漻飬һҫȻʵϣ̱漲֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻԲҪҫ
ҫζʲô̱漲᲻֪ջȻܹѳֵסպǲ⣬ϸ̱漼ۣȥӦҪŪ̱漵ʵ뷨
Ȼôȥʱ򣬷̱漵ƽ𲨶Ȼûĺۼ
Ȼٿ̱漵ʱж˼ɻ󲻽⣬а˼Լô׶Բԣ
˵ҪĶͲҪĶ̱漷·𿴴뷨ͷһ֪ҫʲôҲ֪ҫһʿζʲôõҫһȻ֮ǰȹңô׳գҲúûоҫһܹͻƵŹ֮ҲҪ
̱漾ǾǿԼġ
һ̣ͻȻ̱ܹڶ̶ʱͻƵֻ֮Ϊһʮʿȣʺи汲ڣҲܹﵽյľ硣
Ȼ䣬ʶǰһԹȻãŮʱô֣ΪһذϲˣһоûУҲԴˣ٣ڴ£Ὣ˵
㣬һǾӦúһҫĿڲһؼ̽
˵ҪͲҪ£̱üͷԵЩˡ
ˡͷ

պ̱漵ѨУͻȻ޴ĺѨڲʼϵתѨķȦ类ＷѹѨűΡ
պ̱ˣϲھҫϼνۣעȫʱ׼Ӧʱᵽĵˡ
û˵ȶãһµѨӲ˵Ѩ֮У˺ѵѨڣûӰϷԾûеѨںһѾѰպ̱漵λãֱ߳
½İ۷֮ĸ֣һԸһЩͷӣһ˫Ŀ׹磬һ֮УһѾûУûԿϣһ۵εͼ꣬ͺͺԴϷǳۣڲϵ
һޱȣ䣬һ˫ûֱ۲԰ûһ˿Ѫɫһ˫Ұɫľ飬·һУǳһĻȣʲô鶼ͷһĶûС
ֻ̱ǿһۣϾ˫֮ǰҵѨ֮л̫֮ʱȳֵİɣ
ӣϻҪ㣬Сеľҫһҵģݵĺӣǲͷ˲仯ΪߣӳΪнֻͷıò
һͷĴ󺺣ͷϵͻȻԣֱӴԿ֮͸棬Ժ֮ѸתţͫҲ˲Ρ
ɫ΢䣬ԥؽҫʱڵϣǰһ͵ص̱漵ǰ棬ؿǹͷ󺺡
ݣ
ССδǹͷ󺺵֮ͫͷųһϱҫĿĹâֻĴָСΣı󣬺ܿĥһСΣһżգһ仯һ·λ̱漷ȥ
һּմ깥ʽ棬һַֽת֮䣬ϵشݡХǾ壬źţҪ˵߽⣬Ϊһ¶ӣ
о̾һ˿ԥһž޴Ļǰֳ꼼һΣϽ̱˶סˡ
Ȼı˷򣬵Ϊǵʵ̫ǻڡݡХ˼յĻ֮С
Ĺֽڻ֮Ť䶯ţȻؽյĻֽ⣬ֻһǣԾĻȻѾγ˼ӣƣζ೤ʱ䡣
ǹͷЦмؿżգ⡮СҹŻĴ½ڶеĻ꼼Ϊô׾ͿȥСӣѾҫӹҿһһὫɼٷݣ
ŻĴ½ġС̱һɫصԭ̫˴ǿ֮һڵˣѹ˲񣡡
ͷ󺺽ʱǱͷ­ȴΪߵ人ӣŤӣҲѾƽ˫ش̱漣ٿ³һӣӽǶȵ꣬ɺɫӼ˳ʹΣۺɫðݳ
ĺӣûϾȻðݳ̳ȻӦþ綾֮꣬Ȼʩչ˹Ļ꼼
ۿɺɫӣѾ˻ķ϶Ҫ򼧳գ̱ͻȻ֡
һָͻȻһһٿֳǼḶֱִ́׼ȷޱȵĴȥһײӼˣ人ӿӸӲˡ
Ĳ½߽̻꼼šߵĵڼͽܣ̱һ
ӣܵ𣿡̵߽人ӣһ˫Ӷ񶾵̱漵һۣȵһҪ㣡
ô˵ţ̵߽人ӣͻȻֱβϻΪֻȻһ䣬Ծһżպ̱漸ҧ˹

ڴʱǹͷǰΣѾ˻һǰسżպ̱ɱȥ
ǹͷ󺺺̵߽ĸ֣۾ٺٹЦѸٳ̱漺ͼɱȥͷеһΣһ˺б
ģϻ㵱ǲè
ŭһͻȻı̬Ͽʼ׼ӦС
ͷһͻȻƽģ뷨δʧһʮȻǰΣÿһ𶼺Ѫĸо·һ֣


337 
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оУȻؽʮһƳȥΣǹͷ󺺣̵߽ļһ
ʮÿһ·𶼳ֽţ죬뵽ʲô𶼻ѸӦ
ʮĶײΣ˶һΪĶһ׷ǹͷ󺺣ĶȻ仯̵߽ĸ׷ȥ
ǹͷŪεĻ꼼⧲֮£ϱĶˣ̺зֽΣһ˲ͱڻˣһҶû
һϮδպ̱ˣϮ֮£ϻΪˣͬѸٲ
̵߽ˣǾ֣һеغˣȻĶͷų̵߽Ļ꼼Ƶ֮ɲǰУһı仯һλãķ֮ϡ
ʧ괫һ֮Ȼ֮£һˡ
˱Ͼ½۷ʿ𣬾ȻҲûճɻҽƤһó壬оȻַɳһСµϵ֮зɳƨһԶԶܵ𣬿ʼϵݡ
ͷһЩǡСĻ꼼ƵԺͷ󺺾ʶĲĶ𿿽ͷ󺺾ϳˣдԾУʱҪá
л֮䣬һĶнӴȻܹиܽ⡣
ͷ󺺾ַȻӲǴĶ׷ɱ֮˳ȥһûܵĶϮȻ
ղûгʤ׷һһʮһ©ǰ¾ۼչؿʮͨʮ֮Уƺһꡭ
ȷе˵ʮ֮Уһʶһʶ
ԲʮһһԲʮһһȻôֻҪде˵ͷʮҲǳʮ䵥ʶĵ˹Ҫʶָʾ
Ҳ˵ʮ𣬿ǻ
зôһͷ֮ȻɫؿγɵʮЩãȻ֪ˣʮ֮У˸оҵʶ֮⣬һµ
֮еģ̱յһɣҲǼѨ֮е۷ʿĿ꣡
Ȼĺúøһ£ֻҪʶʮǻ᲻ȥִУȷһ㲻֮һ˵ʮƿأٲ˺Լ
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֪µγɣ֮еЩżĹϵµγԵ÷ǳͻأЩֲЩģ׼Ū״֮
ϣǸòҪõͷһγɣʮ֮ͻȻɳʮϢʮϢϽ̬֮УǶ̬Ļ֮ϣ貶Ŀ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰʮϻָǰһһΪҪƿزŻṥˣʶĲݡ
̬ȻȽϤģȻ̬𹥻˵ʱҪϵʩӾķѾָܹ
ȻոʶҪȽ̫ˣ̬ƿʶǲľ̶ȻٶȣȣҪԶԶûʶ
֮⣬ʶһĳҪķľ
̫֮ģΪĶÿһ꼼ʩչҪķѴľǰֻ֮ҲٿؾŶΪŶĲٿѾļˣÿһζԾŶָӣľļ
Ȼʮʶγֻ֮ҪƾеͷͿƿ𣬲Ҫһ˿һľƿصľϴߣ
һ뷨Ժ˹һ飬ѹסеĿϲһνµͷͷųɣ
ʮƷ֮еϢ˲ǰʮ֮УеɱͷһʮϿʼжΪ飬ֱǹͷ󺺺̵߽׷ɱȥ
Ѿ˺ѣѾһ㶼ˣҫ΢ЦǰʵƺԱĴ½ҲǳϤ
̱漳ĽëᶶţһֱרעؿżգֱʻŷӦԾŵȻҵȻԱĴ½˽⣬ں½ļ壬Ҳ̫˴ǿ֮һ
һ£̱ͻȻֵʵ㡭ô£̬ǳ֣֮Уƺƺź֮ܶǰյһ̫֮𣿡
ЦЦյͷǰұг֮УҵõʮϢͺǰõһǺǣһǺ˰
ĺ̫˲˼ˣ̱ü죬ŵΪʲô֮ڣûбܽ⣿
Ļ꼼ܱȽ⣬Ҳˣҵ̬Ա仯Ϊ棬ͬΪԣҵܹӦķҲǺǣ˵ˣұҲǳóͲٿأոҲ˰հٵ
̱Щţûϸȥ˵ͷ˵һŶ
Ǹ̫˴ǿָЩշǳ£̲סѯʵ
Ŷûʲôġ̱漱ͷȥһôģ
ԵЩΣٽע̱漵ϣʱͻȻ֣ʮ׷ɱ֮£ǹͷ󺺺̵߽ĸ֣Ȼȫסˡ
ס˹ͷ󺺣ס̵߽ĸ֣һʮܻ֮пʼˡ
˵壬һıСǵľһĴݻ٣ȣҪ˶ã½ĸ֣ͻᱻʮˡ
Ȼոֻ´һɱеʶȻͲʣ֪ʶʮ𣬾Ȼڲ֪ˡ
ʣվþԼʶƿʮǶܸɽôɾ䣡
ܹ̫½ʿ̫ģΧ̫Щ½ϣʿһ಻Ϊа˸ҵļ壬ڣ߽̣ǰ˴ǿ֮һ̱漵Ⱥһۼճٳû׷ʣԼ̲סˣΪ̫
Ǹ˴ǿûд½ϵģոЦ
̱ؿһۣмûУд½Ѿܶûгʮʿˣﲻν˴ǿǧ֮ڣʮʿ֣


338 ˴ǿ
ǧ֮ڣʮʿ֣
ֻܹƵǿ̫ʵΪۺд½Ѿǧ겻ʮʿˣд½ȻҲͲܳǿ
̱ۿżգЩд½ֹʲôǿˣʮʿǶ겻֣д½ʵԶԶ˴ǿĴ½
̶̼仰ȴ˼պ𺳣ûϵд½̫Ĵ½ȾȻᴦƣһֱŹԪڡĦ̡޻塢Ǭڵд½̫ϣͱĴ½Ҳ˿ѷɫϵȻ̱漸ˡ
˴ǿڡ̡߽̼⣬Щ˴ǿ֮УĸǿյĺԽԽ׷ʡ
̱εûŤŤ󣬸ɾػش
̫Уа˸Ϊǿǧ֮ڱһʮʿ֣ڣʮʿ޳ɣ
˴ǿֱΪ˴½ġ¾аħ½ġħߡ½ġˡ½̼ҡŻĴ½ڡĲ½̡߽½ġɻƴ½Ľɽ
һ˸ǿʵ˳˴½ġ¾ΪʵǿǡħߡȻ½ġˡƴ½Ľɽ
˴ǿֱڰ˸ͬĴ½˸ͬĴ½̫Ĵ󣬱Ĵ½ĸ̫֮ϣ˸½ʿ֣й˼ɣ֪Էڰ˴ǿСĽ
̱漼һڰ˴ǿ£֮ʶԼǰЩˣû뵽ڵ̫򣬾ȻôӵƣҲûϵ̫УȻ˿µ
ôȻд½ĹԪں޻壬ʵҲ̫£ǧʮʿļ壬̫ڶĬĬţԪں޻д½ȻȻһ̫򣬸û˻Ầ¡
˴ǿ˴ǿгһգԯȣҲҪΪ˴ǿһĴڣ̫ʿŷɥ
¶ģһǹͷ󺺺߽˹סʮȻʢӵʶʮҫߵںһ˲䱬
һϢǹͷ󺺺̵߽аˣʮǿ֮£ױڻˣƵ̣Ѩ֮ʧ
̱һ֣˵ͷˣȻܽں̵߽ɱĴ½ҲĸˡˣûһˣҲд½
ҡҡͷûôˣ
̱һ죬̫ɱ̼ҵĲٸ֣һ̫֮ģһΪ˽ѨоҪɱһط㾹Ȼû֣
ûУһܹд½һյ
Сһ㣬˵ǳǰ̫֮Уһ˶һѨһħߵĸֶɱпѾõ̫֮ĵѾ˾Ź֮ˡĶ֡
Ŷסĵ̫֮ڣΪ̬ԼǾŹʿĶ֣д½ڱ֮ڣӦһոսŹ֮ľŹʿ
Ȼⷬ԰뷨̱漵ǰ¶
̸ֽһսʮջأۿһѨֻƽˣղٷϻʼʵʵרʮİ
ʮµӵԼʶڽս֮УҪĲݣͻᰴеͷȥˣʮʶ·ǻۣжݣһǳɣոǺ׾ͽͷ󺺺̵߽˸סˣüնʮӺˡ
һʮԽԽϲҪķѾʮ𣬻ʮ֮󣬲ὥС֮еʼձŲ䣡
ԭȵһΣÿʱÿ̶һʱԽҲԽγɵʮȴ˵죬̺һֱֲ䡣
Ҳ˵Խʮ̶ȵķӳ
ԽȥγɵʮԽǷۼһѨıƽеҲԽԽˡ
ҪСһ㣬һһµѨγɣϿʼҪ˿飡һκǰͬλĸˣ̱ɫأԶ
ڼ̱漵Ѩ֮ǰЩڱĴ½۷ʿ͸о˾ҫϢˣǵѨںϵʱЩĴ½ѨûмȥڵȺᣬȺ뼧Ļᣡ
̵߽˺ڵĹͷ󺺣ͼաѨںΪһʱѨҲںΪһˣһѨڱĴ½۷ǿߣǸѨƽӺܿͻͼ˵ĴѨںˡ
˸СѨյĿԭںΪһѨʿĿȻǼеľҫһںϣǾ
İɣֻҪһ˵ϢںδҲǲνİ˸ǿˣҶȫԸٶɱǣ侲
̱˵ͷ˵һģĸ֮ǰսܳһʱ䣬ǵľĲ٣ֻҪСĽһ㣬ûлġ
ǻͿһսˣճһɫרעǸѨʱֱѨƽշȥ
ʮʮ澫飬Χżշ裬طɢһĿĵؾͷɢ˿ʱ׼
̱ؿһγ嵽ǰļգж˼ɫʣֻһ̱漾ָֻǣһ˦ͷƺҪԺ֮е뷨ȫ˦ȻӰһɳȥգۼ䵽˼յԡ
ǣǣ
ѨѨ֮ںϵͻȻ˵ѨϿմĻ裬ձӲ˺һ޴Ŀӡ

ëȻĹЦյѷ֮дĹǿϢ˿ţ͵ر
һն˵ͷɱ⣬ʮͻȻӸɳȥûеѨںһʮѾһ˺ѵľ޴֮ڡ
ջ֪ʲôĽͻȻȻֹǱӲס˺һ㡣
׼ֵ̱漣ֹͣ˹ƣ㶵ؿԽ˺Խķ϶˹ɫʣ·𿴵ʲô顣


339 ֮
϶˺ѿ۷ֳֻ֮ȴЩǱʮ׷֮£һСţϵؾۼľϮ
ѨںϵʱһʼֻںһǣһҪɱûеѨںһ𣬾ͼҴҵسֻһСĵشȿֺس˭һԣȡеľҫ
ȻһСĿռȴǳޣһжϾԵӵ·ǳˡ
ʱʮǡȫӿһСǡɽ˸סˣʮסǳ뼧ա̱Ѩ֮е·Ҫ뼧պ̱˵ĴѨҪʮ
еɱһΣʮʶ𣬾ͺضչҵĹʮֳķݣÿΪһ飬ȫΧţһܹСͨڷ
̱̽ͷһֻʮ׷£½۷ǿߣһǱǳȻûһܹѸٳϮ˵ĴѨ֮С
̱кǾȣ̲סֶ࿴˼ռۣĵҲǰ֮Ǿ绹Ǿ̶ȣƺΪʲôܹ𣬽ѷɫĸȫ裿
̱ôҲ벻ͨȻ䣬ڿ˵ˣƺء
Ȼ˲һķ϶ˣѨջں֮·Ѩ֮Ŀռ俪ʼۺһʱ½۷ʿڵĿռҲԽԽˣǰͬԽԽˡ
Ըһ½۷ǿߣƺЩˣһֻռ俪֮Ͽʼλãٶȼ죬ԲסκһˣҲԽ֮еһס
һ˲䣬˾ȫĹ֮˳ʱѨڳںһ𣬱һѨ̱漺ͼˣҲͬʱ˵֮С
ĸ۷֮ǿߣԲһط
һ˷ǳС٪һ۾ȴԵüΪ졣
һ꾹Ȼ̬һĹ̬Ȼ಻һ͵Ĺûݣ·̬ȴϵͷųһеϢ
һΪªŮˣһ꾫ûӣ۵Ļ䣬ͷףǹŵЦ⣬ڼȥ
һͷԴһǶţ·ʱŨ֭ͷһֱٺٹЦţĿͬɫʣעȻ̱漵ϣżŻһеľҫ
һĸ½ǿߣǵĻһڴѨ֮Ʈţʼ׷ǡ
˽ɢɢպ̱漵ĸ䣬ڶͬʱĳżպ̱˿
Сħߣ̬ȻˣŮ½ġɻһĵͷҲ֪ʲôʲô½ģ̱ؿ˽ӽƽ򼧳ս͡
½ǿߣ˶̫˴ǿ
һ㼧յҲ⣬̱˵˴ǿΪʿؼһԪ쵽ʮ֮һȱң˴ǿڸƼԴȱ١
Ҳֻһһȱٵǿɣܹ߳ݺ̫ǿˡ
ܹռ̫֮Ѩļһ̫֮Ϊǿı̬ǿߣôѨ֮еĸڰ˴ǿҲȻ顣
ٺ٣ںϻȣСѾͷҺϻǰҲ̫İ˴ǿ֮һֻǧûгʮʿűɽȡˣںϻң˵ϻֿ˴ǿˡͷٺЦţ̱漵ȫûĴճҺȻ˳ϵĶˮҪľжġ
̱Ƴͷһϱͷȥż˵ϻǰǿʢһʱ䣬ȴѸûˣ˵ΪϻȵǸʱεľŹ۷ǿ߱ɱˣɱ˻д½ʲô̵Ľ
һʱ䣬Ǹ̵Ľ̫ǳųŲ֮꣬˴ǿľŹʿ̫׷ɱˣù֮ѣ˴ǿ̫ĸֻϻȵ׷ɱ˵һǵǿľŹʿǰ̽ı֮бɱǼһﵱʱûнϻȵ꼼ܶϻȵľŹʿڶûͻƵʮʿúϻǧһ겻񡭡
̵ĽȻǵһ̵̫Ľ룬ʵǰ̵Ľ̫
ǳӦд½ʿǸʱݺ̫򵥴޵֣̱漵
ԭյ˵ͷо죬ûϵд½ôʿ֣̫Ϊȴǰ̵ĸ֣Ӱ̵ؼһס
д½һ˽в棡˵ڰ֮ʱ򣬾ͷǳϲսĴ½ĸ֣ϡֻ̫Ҫǿ߱ضҪս޵Ź֮Ժ̫Ĵ˻սССսڰٴΣܹħߵС٪壬֪䵽˼ǰʮɡ
٪ضżգʮǰһǳ֮ϽҸ׻ɱ˱ӦҸѨһǳħΪ˶ԸɳŹ۷֣ȴȫɱ˵д½˭ܹͻʮ֮ض棡СӣҫңΪħһ仰ҿԷ뿪
ʲôһʡ
ħ߿Խͻʮ֮ؾֻҪԺ޾ʱħ߽ˣǰСڣǿԵʲôû٪
㸸׶ɱˣ㲻𣬻ܽħߵְţպߵ
ħߣֻǿߣǿߣߣߣֵ߲ҵĸף֮ҲһѷΪħߵĴƣɱ֮ʲô٪岻м
٪һ˵ͻȻײȻǿɱħŹʿ֮ħ߾ȻԸˣɼħзжأ
Ϊħ߲ԲǰӣԽͻʮ֮ؾ棬Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
գͻȻ٪屩һȻֱյ
һ̣ص˼յǰһ޴ħشӿֱӽյû


340 ɱþЩˣ
٪彲һڲĻɹ˼յĺģΪؼʱͻȻȳյüľһͻȻ֣һӾ͵ˣֱڵħ򽫼յûˡ
û֪Ϊʲô٪֪յ֣û֪٪Ϊʲô˽⣬ħߵһ֣ٿһ֣ܵЧ
̱漾Ȼɫ׼ԼԮ֣ȴڡɻĳªŮˣǺϻȵĶͷһ֣һһҽΧ롣
Ϊķݵɳ׷½ǿߣϧֻܹ˵ӰӣֱܹҲΪ˻֡
Ѿͷ̼ǰɣٺ٣̼Щ귢չѸͣΪ˴ǿ֮һ̫ҲѾͷͷˣͷӱ֤źͷӾͨϻе⣡ǺϻȵĶͷٺٹЦţ΢΢ԴϵĶ͵ĸˡ
ʱͷŸƣֹƻĵ겨ͷ˳
ڡɻǳªŮˣЦһеİٻҡΣİٻ԰ͻȻѨֳ֮ĻУٻţٻªŮȻվţܱߵĳΪг
Ǵ꾫۳İٻ԰ٻѸţγһ̲סɾ裬Լ˵Ļ꼼
֮һͷ˰ٻ԰Уȼգٻ԰ڵİٻһȻһ仨պŮ˽ʩڰٻ԰ԺµĻ俪ųǶϵȼţȴܹٻ԰ݻ١
ʱǳªŮеİٻɿٻ԰֮еİٻϷ̱֮漡
̱ؿǳªŮˣ˺ߣͻȻһ֣һѾӨ͸ıϸֳ֮Ө͸ϸֻҡһ£ɭɭӿسǳªŮˣЩĻ䣬;ȫ鿪
̱ؿǶĵͷһۣȻ
ϸһӣһƥһŤֱͷҧȥ;ʱͻȻ鿪Ϊһϣ³˿ߣٿؽǶĵͷסˡ
̱ذ׵һЩϳ³˿Ȼһӽͷûֽжˡ
ϻȵͷҽһ˵Ť仯ץǶѵֽţǷֽӲ֮УԪ˵ĺˣе꽣
ŰٻȵĳªŮˣһϻͷĲҽУҲɫ΢䣬ŵغȵ꽣
̱ЦֳǾӨ͸ϸسǳªŮɱȥ꽣һΣ캮ɳ³ϸϸ˿ȵǳªŮ˲ϵغˡ
ڴʱǰٻ԰ҲԼյ
ڵһðڻ⣬ߴߴػںһںһ˲佫ǳªŮŪİٻ԰յĸɸɾ
̱һںһҲɫ΢䣬֮еĺ꽣ԼЩƣϽ꽣ջˡ
һε𣬻ȼţŨҵĻ֮Ũ֮ͻȻغһŮ
Сγɵ𣬺ͼյòżƣں֮𲻵ٶƺҲ࣬˲׷ǳªŮˣֱӽץסˡ
ͣͣ
ǳŮһ׽סϿʼð𵭵̣Ů˲ϵؼţȴҲѲϮں֮Ĵ֮£ľʧ죬ûо꣬ҲѸٵıա
̱һǳŮѾס֪֮£Ůǻ׶༪ˣ̱漷ѰǺϻͷټ
ϻȵͷԿ֪̱֮漵Ķ֣ȻֱӵһĹԣվڴ̬󣬸ЦѣŮְɣ
˵꣬ûһıʾ̬֮ɱ
ϻȵͷԾһξ룬ȴֲ̫Զ
̱ԶԶһۣϻȵͷҵɽ֮󣬲û֣ħߵ٪塣
ڲ֪䣬٪·ѾռϷ磬ͷųħ·żΪҵճԣչ֮УżյľһյľȫľˣϽɱ
ں׷ס٪壬٪ȴɫȻСܵļ죬Ȼܹ
ٺ٣Сӣ벻һôϤɣ֪мգ֪д½Ϊ֪Ͳ֮Ĺϵ²ô֪ģ
ǸˣڲܹˣҾ͸ɣд½Ħ̣ԭħߵķ֧ħߵΧǰĦʶһ㣬ĦεĽʥĸ̫ʱѾʽˣħߵһӣͨĦ̣Ƕд½һһָƣ
СӣҸ㣬ǵİ£Ħ̽Ϊд½ʲôԪڡ޻塢ԯʲôģᱻĦȡǰ̣Ҫ˶þͻᱻĦ̳״壬֮ϡ̫֮ϣħߵĸֻĴЩĦ̵жɵߵȫɱ֮⣡

ħߵ٪壬򼧳˵ܣмѾˡ
Ȼûע⵽һн֮ʼ׷ͻȻ֮ͣںһ𣬵׷ʱͣ׼պɱȡҫˡ
ýҲˣҲûʲôֵˡͻȻħ֮дյ䵭
һ̣յȻѡ
յϢһ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬̱ȻһͻȻһ˿΢İʹ̲סżڵķȥҪôһдɱ٪Ϊձͷ
ʱʧϢʼһؾۣѸǿ
̱ƺʲôһȻ
֮꣡һֱûз꣬ͻȻҵҲϻȵͷѸٳż߷
â˸ܿأǵѵĻâ½Ŀ٪壬Ħ̵ˣкĦйصˣҶĳף
׷٪γɵĴһ˲仯Ϊյòһߣһļϼյ꣬һ̣٪߾Ȼһļճ
ħߵˣҶң٪ھ
ɱþЩˣչЦһг֣Ļ⽫նȾ죬Ļ𺣱ץֱ٪ϡ


341 롭һǵ㣡
ںϳһÿһԽѨ֮ڵκһʿճԼʶԲٿĻ棬ѨϲȼŵĻ棬ȻҲڻˡ
һץռʮĶĻ𺣾ͱֱץ˹ɷ˵ѹ٪ϡ
٪廹ûüｲ꣬ѾԼĻסˣѨΪŨҵıǻγɵķѨ֮ˮ֣Բ٪Ӧ˵ģ٪屻Ļ𺣰סԺ󣬻ڻ֮дţҪħߵŻա
Ц嶯ҲֻγɵԸ٪塣
ÿһԼʶǵʶԴڼձˣձ˵Ϊó̫¼ġڡ־ˣ֮ںһɸǿʶ
εжҲ׽ֻͷųεӵ˸ǿʶ֮Ͳֻһֶˣķ
ж˻֮У˲ûټҲ٪Ľͣ˻֮еΪ𺣹ע˸ǿҵĻ
ǵĻͷڻ֮У𺣲󣬻γħߵ٪֪ڻ֮зǳǣȴҲ޷ѳֻܹ֮£һĽľ
ð̵ķ֮꼼ħ֮߳ļյ꣬ûгֻ֣Ҫۿ٪屻һˡ
ףһǳ˵ꡣ
һƮƮ꣬ٶȼ죬һգۼ˼յǰ
֮꣡дһҵͻȻͣϢżգ㽫֮ңҿԲҪľҫˣһ԰ɱҪԸˣһ㷵д½
˵꣬Ȼڰ̵ķ֮꼼żȤΪԷҫɼķ֮ջжˡ
˵ʿ̬һ˲һ·Ǿִ̬ôǶ˽ⶨȻǵõ֮Щ˵ĸǻһ¥֮̽·ϻߵĸԶ
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ʮγɵɱһγɿ籩Уɱ̱漣˵ʿͷųӿ˵ͷ
Ϊ£Ȼħߵ٪廹Ҫ֣ԶԶǸյĳªŮˣ꽫ȫͷų֮ЩڴѨ֮еǣ˷㼯
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ٺ٣С椣ҿӳȥһĺϻȵͷЦţ֮лѼ
̱ɫȻ䣬Ǻϻȵͷɱ㣬㲻ú
ҿɲ㲻úһţҵ֮СһһҺϻȶе׿ֲ֮꣬밮ҵͷһӶΪҵūԶңһһΪ£ĵͷٺٹЦǷ
ϲģõСүŮˣȾָ𣿡մٹܱסħߵ٪壬ӰһΣľΪâֱǺϻȵĶͷɱȥ
ͷЦţ׼Ӧ䣬ͻȻķһ꼸ԸӦĺ
ͷϷֲ̱֮аͷĴ㣬ʧضȻһμʩչĻâܼ࣬
ĵͷȻܵļʱʮâϵؼţľԽԽˡ
ֻҪҲ֮ϷŵŮˣҿ԰㷵д½Ļ˵һŮ˵ɱӦ֪ŮѾֲ֧ˣ֮ûֻΪˣ
겢û˵ѣ̱漵ȷ֧Ųסˡ
Ǻ꽣ûĺѾϣ·ĵ׺ÿǺÿˣϧȴһˡ
̱֮УһĮ·ʱ˲һĿżգǹһĽǶȣݳͷɱ꣬Ҳ㣡
Ůˣ겪ȻŭȼմӦӾ׼ֱɱ̱ˣ꿴ûһԡ
̱Įֻ߰ǿ򼧳յʱһ˿ԲƮ첻мգǰɣ롭һǵ㡣


342 һ
롭һǵ㡣
̱ƮĻǰ˳·֪һӶˣڶһ˿Ѳƣƺеص׷ȻԵмɡ
˵꣬ʼ£УٹڴѨĳϢӿ֮У̱漵곶УҪ̱漵ɱƬ
롭һǵ㡭
һ仰˼յң糱ˮһӿͷһ̣һֱ̱漵ɽһ͵ر
һһͶ֮Уͬʱյԥس꣬âڶ̵ְĻ꼼һ˲ȫͷųӿ˵ꡣ
̵ְĻ꼼Ҫسȥձľȫʩչ
Ĺһ꣬ϲڼյĺ⣬ȻЩ壬ֻ꼼Ϯ֮£ЩڴѨ֮е֮УͰٹϢںһһ֮ʱѨ֮С
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һղòԸħ٪һҲٻΪ˽ס֮󣬼ղ̵ְܹĻ꼼ʩչԴԸ˵ꡣ
һͷų֮һƬƬ𺣣ȫע֮УγһϣӲǽ̱漸ػˡ
ǻγ֮󣬿ʼѨ֮елѨϷڵĻ棬ǻϵȫӿ˻֮ϡ
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ڴѨ֮еİٹϢȫעʮ֮Уʮ껯Ϊ˾޴һһͶ֮Уϵе
ƮţһƳͷϢ·Խ˿ռ룬˲뼧յ֮С
ͻȻ䣬һ֮ʩչ̻꼼ļգ͵סˣԺ֮һӶ˸ɱͷ
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ͷӵֱ뱾ĵΪĵ죬״Ŭı仯ţһͷԺ֮пٵεҪץǸǵɱͷȴŴαһͷӿô׷ϡ
ʱ򣬿ĺϻȵĶͷֽԶ׼û̱ˡ
յʮ֮ûеħߵ٪壬ȻҲԶֱżգӣǴ㽫ɱûȡյľָԼ
̱漱ϱסѱ
ĬȻȴԺֲ֮һɱͷȵûӦĵˣһħߵ٪ƽǳΣ
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һ뷨Ժ֮йһ飬ͷ׷һɱͷȴʼ׷ϣһڶɱͷ·ԺָƣԺ֮дҲϵɢӰжϵעܹȫС
ˣȻǶ˽Ϊ͸ǿ
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ڼȫ׷һͷʱһµͷԺ֮γˣҲ֮
ͷҪǰ̵֮ͷ֮ͷųһ֮ɱͷͻԶʧʶµͷȻҲ꣬ʼƿ֮Ųٿؼյʶˡ
ʱ򣬼ɼرģֻǽӿԺеһ
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֮ģͷ·֪Ҫʲô֪һԺ֮䣬ͷֱżԺĽȥͼֱȡԺ֮еļ䣡
һͷٶȼ죬Ϣַǳǿ󣬼һ˲䣬͵һа֮Ժ
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һµͷͻȻʧȥ˷ڼյ֮벻

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ڻ֮е̱漣òһμ꽣ЩҲصбը֮ɵನ
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ûз֣Щʱһϼܲƺ˴⡣

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ͬһʱ̣ħߵ٪ҲµĻ𺣸ճ˻ҽ

ۣѨȦһ죬˵˴Ѩķû˳ȥٶ뿪̫֮ġ


343 Ըѣ
Ѩ½۷ǿߣһӣʣȫڼУ
һ˵ĸ뿪ʱ򣬼Ͼ˼ѾӰ٣ӦǵˣҲѨжôһ̣ħߵ٪ͺϻȵĶˣʱȫճ˻ҽǰǳªŮ˸ˡ
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һļգ΢ʮ֮еϢͻȻں֮֮зȫ̬֮УΪǻﴦ貵׺֮
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ֻǿ̱һۣϷ˲Ծĵطô
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ΪʲôΪʲôô죿ⲻûôһ£ղûĵлɫŹֵʵ
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̱ϵ糺һ֣ذҪһһ㣬Ȼǲϵضüëȴܽţ
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ҪĽȥͱ飬ձѾ֪ȷйЧˡ
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մ󺹣æҡͷϽʾûûʲôõĽ飡ԼŰɣ
̱ж˼ֺ޺Ȼ֮⣬ǿӲһ飡
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һĮͬһ̵̱֮ģģƺξΨһһΣԵúϧβţſ飬ſһУһסգһһεҪţѹ˶ȫͷ˳
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һ̣̱漲ĮԽĿѣԡ
֮о糱ˮһȥָ־ļգٿ̱漣ͻȻȻĶĸоΪ̱漼Ϊ̱֮ںϹ
ʴǵоĺۼţһһǶָоˣ
̱ȫͶ֮Ƿģǻȵģȫͷų֮ɽ񳱣˵ȫݻ٣
лڻζֿ籩ܣؿ̱漣ͻȻ䣬ЩãȻ֪룬ԼҲܹǰԴͨһԴ̱ˣƭ̱漵Ļ·𡭡ʵ
ʹҡҡͷհԼҪ侲Լ̱漲һˣ½עܹߵһ𣬸ԼҪرġ
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ɫشӼ뿪̱ؿ˼һۣ򶨲䵭˵֮䣬ԵѾУҲϣκй̫֮򴫳ҲŹ㣡
ҡԥһ£ȻȻһ̾ˡ
̱Ȼת૵ʵӦ뿪̫ˣҾͲˣټ
䣬̱˺Ѩϣ̫֮ʧ


344 㻹Ƿɣ
Ѩķ½ƽĳ̶ȣ˵뿪ˣ̱ҲӴѨʧټһѨУֻʣ¼һˡ
Ѩ֮лźϻȺħ٪ľȻû˿ԥڴѨ֮ȡеľֻһ򣬴Ѩ֮дڵľͱոȫա
Ѩ֮еľȫʧʱ򣬼յľָֻȫʢʱڵİ˳ɡ
ֱʱнžҫؿ̱ʧķԺ󣬲̾Ϣһ
̱漵ȥЩʧ䣬ŮˣŷǳֵĸоټȴЩ¡̱һȥԺĻããã̫һǷܹ棬ֱδ֪ˡ
̱漵Ϣʧ˴Ѩ֮Уһͬõ̫̱֮漣һǲ̫֮ˣ̱漺пͻƵŹ֮Ժ֮Ȼɻ̫򣬵һǳϾ˵ˡ
ʰеͷžҫͻȻѨ֮еĸԽԽȶƺʱбըĿԡ
ȻһʶѨһη˱仯Ҫ˶Ѩͻ·ѣܱɰ˸Ѩ߸µСѨ
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ֻҪ̫֮ˣ׾ҫζʲôôһζ벻֮ȻͻȻ˼յУúܶ˿ʼˡ
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һԾʶٿطݳȥ¶ϢǱڰеİʿȥе̰֮ΪǿңҲΪĵ죬Ȼżձƽˡ
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ЦЦûʲôǿ̸֣ʵ̸֣̱˽٣롭֪й̱漵飡
С㰡̸һ㶣ֵ˵Ѩ֮УǲǺСйʲôװոС뿪ʱҲ˵һص½ʱȥ̼һˣ˵ҪҺúģġĹ¡
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ʲôн˶ѣСӣǲҪʲôҵˣߺҿѾͷ϶ʲôɸ˵飬Ѿͷʱ飬ĲǳȶѾͷʲôǵĽɫ֪žҫûж֣Բң뿪ʱ򣬻ʱʱͷѨһӣҿ
ҵȴûнĻ˵ȥȻҪ˼ȴѾǳˡ
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Ȼǡ顱֣ȴ棬Щ飬̸ܾǰָʲô飬а̸ȱ£ϻװ˵˵ҺֻսѣǱ룡
ϵܣĺСûйϵòˣ̸ͻȻҲϵб뷨һȰϵͷȻϵʵˣС㱳ʵ̫ǿˣңѾ·滮ˣ֮УûŮ֮ԣϵܡ㻹Ƿɣ


345 ˲УУ
Сӣ˵˵ʲôҵ˸̸ۣ֣µ̱漺˲쵰֪Сд½ţ֪֪Сд½ǿ̼ԯȺɽҲǳصģ
̸Ƴҵһۣһ̾Һϵദôʱ䣬ȻҲ֪ϵҲһ˽ܣд½϶Ǹصĺúӣ
˶٣̸ҡҡͷֵд½Ͼֻд½֪д½Ѿǧ겻ֹʮʿˣһǧ겻ֹʮʿĴ½̫Զ㲻ǿĴ½˵д½޾ʮʿѾˣҪȻд½ôġ
ҵͼ˲Ƶģ̸ּĽ͡
Ǻ½˵̼ˣڵɣǧǰʮʿֱӽ޾ɵǰǰ޾ѶһЩ޾ƣҽ򵽵һЩµĶڡ궦ҲΪʮ֮ͻƵľϣ֪γŬ
̼Ҹں½̼ǿļ壬Ҳ̫˸ǿ֮һ˵ÿ̼꣬Ҿܹյ̼汲޾Ļǲͬ汲ڣСʱ򣬾ܹõ̼汲޾ĳֱС̥ǣӵԶԶԽ˵ʣ
Ǻ½˶ţС㽫̼һʮʿңһʮʿС̨ӹעҪ޾ģҲΪ̼ҲŲͺ½κйϸ𣡡
ϵܣд½Ѿǧ겻ʮʿˣ˵д½ǰʮʿ϶޾˲ҡ̼д½ԺǻҲ˵ͻƵʮֱ֮ӽ޾򣡶С㣬ȴǿ϶Խʮ̤֮޾򣡡
̼һᵱһ·ϣδߵһǣ̼Ҳͬ⣬ǿȥҲûʲô˼

̸֣ǿңĬãͻȻ
̸ֿЦҡͷǿ㣬ϵܣ֪Ǳʱܷʮֻ֮ΪǱûǰ˵ָ·ҪץŽʮ֮ʵ̫һ㣬˵ɰɣǧνŶ಻ʮ̤˾Ź֮ǻ汲˵õһЩʾȴͣھŹ֮ǰ
⵹ҲЩͰ⹫壣ھŹ֮Ҳˣɲͻơˣ㼧ԯÿһԯܹ޵Ź֮ȴûһԯԸһģģΪʲôд½ͳٳٲʮʿ̸ֵ֣һҵЩͬˡ
ʮ֮ʮ֮
а˼ɫ糣˲УУ
Сӣţ˵Уҵ޵
̸ЦЦٶ˵ʲôܾüջûʶʮ֮Ѷȡ
ͷҪȥˣأƳҵһֿۣ˿̸֣Ǹ÷ֱˡ
̸ֵ˵ͷ֪ôһ죬ţʱ뿪̫֮ģҪڸѰطú֪ΪİڵľѾָ۷壬ڻͷ̫˷ˡ
ҲôȥѨؾ֮󣬻һηѣѳɼСѨһҪһСѨҵʾ
Ҳáһ£ҵԵĻ̸һչһ㣬̫֮УҪԱǡǿ
Уҵˬ
л̸ҲٺЦ
˵ͷղٺ˶˵ʲôС֮žҫֱȥ
һ·֮ͨп·κεҿǱߣ֮±ŵĻɢ
ҫȻȻһ걻ոɾ֮˻Ƕʵ
һûʲôΣ֪ǲΪже̫֮еһЩȻֺƺԶˣسǵ·ϣνǳͨ裬һ谭û
ڣճ̫ı棬ڵд½ķԺֱд½ȥ

ġ
ĵʿͻȻ֮¶Ƚڽߣŵʿһ̧ͷ죬ͻȻյĹƺ౶
ʪģø쳣ϲ޶ܲסָ£׷׽̶ˮԴͻĸ¡
ɽϣŵļ죬ͻȻһ޴ĻֱŻɽķȥǻıƽıøˡ
ȥɽｵ٣Ǳ죡񹫹ãڵóôһۣϴŵĸٶȳɽ
ڵһЩ֣Ҳ˻ɽϵ䣬û˿ԥҲ׷׳Żɽȥ
ģֻҪЩĸ֣ĵĹ仯ڻɽܶ˾޴׹䡣
һʱ䣬ĵʿʼˣ˷Żɽۼ
Уг뾻ݺá

ɽ
һһͨҶ֮У㣬ʯһȹ̵ļգȻ˫
һǶҶľ޴ʯͻȻǿ֮±Ȼƿ
Ҷ֮⣬̫֮ĵľҫڿУ֮£Ư֮С
λҫ֣ڻɽ̫ͻȻվ׼ٶȷɻɽҫ⹫壵С
ڴʱɫ΢䣬ӴϢͷſֻɽǸָϢϡϡص֮У£·ͷǿʿȫˡ
ЩУ˼񹫺뾻õϢ
ЩȻǲ˾ҫεھҫϢĵʱǾʹĵ˷˹عһ̣ЩѾۼ˻ɽÿһˡ
һ㶣ɽĵʿذΧ֪֮Ϣ뿪ɽˡ
ľ磬ȻЩĵʿҫץ֮кԥһ£;شӻɽɽ֮г˭
ͷһżˣվɽſڣһ֮ı仯
һ֮е̫֮ĵ̬֮ʽ֮Уʼ̫壬Ľ͹Ӧ̫Ժؼӵ̫֮ȷһе
һǰγɣƮȴңңӦ
ػζ̬죬ȴȵĻһʶס
һ𣬼΢΢һЦ֪ģѾûһܹסˣ
ճȻڻɽ֮ϣӸµĸڶǿߣȵǼգ


346 Ǽգ
Ǽգ
һڶʿһ˲ȥźŵĸ֣һա֣Ҳһϵ̰֮ٿ𣬱õòȻ
κ˶еľҫ汦ҫĶĿâ;֮ϢЩĵǿߣһЩ֮ĸ֣ϳеĶǴ̫֮еҫ
ֻҪǰʿ֪ҫζʲôܶ˶ؿ޲˲Ҫ֣༧յķ
ȻȺãȴ˭죬ҳȥͼҪҫ
£йԯǿƵĴԻţڱɱҹڶ౱֣ҳɹӰѵ¼Ѿиִֵֽ˲̸۵Ļ⡣
ܹɱҹҴӰл뿪ˣȻȻžŹ֮ʵ
ټһģȴûһŹʿڣ⹫Ĵشɸٹ̣Щĵǿߣˣֳ־ҫôȻĵգȴûһĵĸֵǰ
ȺУ뾻ݺãؿɫ죬ж˼Ȼǰȴƺڹʲô
Ŀ棬Ϳ뾻ˣϧµҲ֪Ӧ뾻ദˣô˵Ǿޱ뿪ΪȻʲôûڳ˵ĿУܾӵĶˡ
οۻڶ̷һЩ飬ѾΪ
뾻õԥտߴɨʱװԼûзȺеãͣŵԼ񹫵ϣ΢΢һЦ񹫣δˣ
һȻֵûϵȻǼүᣬǰ˵أʲôа˴ƻĵĻɽûϵȻǼү
£һЦֵȻǼүһп϶ûˣЩԯȺŹϵѺãȻԲѵ顣ү֪ǷпȥɽͣԵ¡ؿ
ô˵񹫵߻ڶʿֵɨɨƺ±˲֪ԯ֮йϵһ㡣
񹫴˻һĸֶаǱڰеŵˣһЩвʿһϳȥĵѾ㹻ǿˣֺԯȴˣԺ»һֱΪǿʿˡ
е֣ͨԯȵĽ׵õôǴһʼų⣬Ѿ֧֣񹫽źԯ֮ĳֹ˵֮Щ˶ɫĬȻǰּ֧񹫵
ʵûգҸոմ̫֮ķأҪȥɽһˡպЦż񹫣ǱǸһпԯȻɽСһúдһΣ˰ɣ
˵ǰڶ֮ǰտνǸ˼񹫵ӡ
ȻӦŵƺ±˲֪ͼչϵǢƵģЦֶ̫ˣμȻûʱ䣬ǾһΰɣԯȺ֮УиҲ治һʱ
ǣЦЦż֮񣬵Сֶһˣ
ţ鼱Ϳ㣬Ҫ˼ӡкǸˣôĸǰĳˡ
յͷٶ˵žҫҡڵسˮƹķȥ;Щĵʿ֣һտƵģһܹһѸÿˡ
ܹɱҹļգѾΪֲˣڰڱΪģ˭Һȥ

磬˵Ӧÿ˰ɣ۸ӵżȥķɫȻ
뾻ݿЦŵ˵ͷľΪӸ¸һһľܲĶ죬οǣ
ǣ̧ͷȻΪʲôûпǣ
뾻̾һҡͷѺѾˣҪϣһ׵飬Ȼֱ֪ǾޱҲûгףǾޱϾԯڣҲ⣬ҵܲ⣿
磬˵Ŵ֧ǣ󡭡᲻ڣüһ壬Сɵıͦͦյ㿴Ǽ񹫣ôĵĶԴˣ
뾻΢΢һȻļԸϣ۽֮Ǿ÷ǳԽܡ
֮뾻ȻεҵȷѹǾޱѡ
磡һǳôô¶ۣҲѾ֮ˣ
ҡҡͷ뾻ǿɬڲ޵֮ɵõҫ̤ܿŹ֮࣬һ죬ҲһġСۣҪ粻㣬ˣκŮ˶ֵȡ硭㡣
ҡһûء۵ͷ૵

һ·۵糸һֱˮƹķȥܿأ̤δ
δԺ󣬼ٶȻŻһЩǳŶ̶ķȥЩսǺ̷ˣȻ̶һֱռһλã;˵أȻûвһ۾͹ȥĵ
̶ŨĶƣڶ̶ʱ򣬶̶еĶ޷׷ðͷϤһŸ̶ۼԡ
Ȼ̶̶ߵʱȻûдӶ̶֮зɳȻ΢΢һȥ̽ȴڶ̶֮ڣûڡ
һʼʱ򣬼ջȥδ𴦲׽ˣǽͷųԶ̶Ϊĳδķ̽
Ϊ;磬ʶſ֮󣬼Խδ󶼸У꽫δһ飬ɲϢ֮󣬼ɫʼ
׽ˡһӵͻȻڶΧ۵֮
һŮյߣڶԱ߶ţֻаƴСԣǳӵؿżգ촽³ӣǱץߵģЩ˵Ҫ׸ʥĸܶþסˡ
ʥĸ
ղȻŭߣǰôûм㣿
ǺģҺڡһġ߾ȻˣָָԵĶߡ
ƺöߵĻżյ˵ͷͷʾ˵
ʲôһߵͷ֪Ӧûʲô⣬ȵ

һ򣬼մߵĿУ֪ľ
Ħ̣ʥĸҧгݣ޺޵Ҫ׻Ħ̣Ϊ̫аħ½ħߡĳд½ΪΪ
ûڶ̶ͣлޣͻȻֱˮƹȥ


347 ȥ
ҫǿɽֳʱɽǬڵʿˡɽǿߣϵľҫϿϣʥ߹ػϣ
Ǭڵʿҫֺ󣬶жӯףǵʥ߹壿һγΪǵľ֧쵼Ǽκһĸֿ
ҫ䵽ɽ걻ǵɽھҫ֮£ȻʼⶳˣЩƮɢѩƺҲֹͣĻ
սҫ̫֮ĴˣɽɽУ˫ĿȻվ
Ĺ壣̵վֱӣһֻ갵еڴȫֵãԼҪõһУʵ֡
ȹƴǣֱӽҫӸ죬պЦ⹫ҵػ۷塣
գתͷҲصشɽ֮뿪Ѹٴɽȥ
¹売ĺ⣬ˣҫ죬춨Ȼù壽ҫ
⺢ӡЦЦгϢˣҪ˶ãҲܹŹ֮ˡ
壱ϾǾŹ۷֮ǿߣȻһΪʧǹƾҲԿյı仯׼տ϶̫֮лҪ˶೤ʱ䣬վܹͻ뵽Ź֮
ѸͻƵŹָܻ֮۷壬Ժ¼䣬ǾҲҪηˡÿһԯעˣҲҪдΪ˳յĽҫ
üͷ΢壬죬ŻͷΪ⺢ӣҾͺ춷һÿһԯھŹ֮д仯ȴҵǰĺ󳾣ҫҾˣ
صͷ

ԯȡ
սԯԺֱ˹ڵ´ڣ꽫ˡĪһЩԯȵԪѯһʱµĶ
ҡμҡ¼Ϣ֮ͨԯȵ鱨鲼ÿһ䣬򡢱ġȵȼԶ֮أԯȵĶĿڻţЩطκεķ紵ݶᴫݵԯԯȿ̵ʱڣ֪¼κεľ޴仯
˹Ժ󣬶˵ϿʼµĶ̬
㸸Դڱʧ֮һֱûгǲ²пûлָӦѰĳطָûг׻ָ֮ǰûгǵڱĴѰ㸸׵ã㸸׵ټЩˣҲҵһ㲻Ҫʲô
ڱӳȥĹħһֱûгֵ֣ڶĹħҲ·ͻȻʧһ㡣һʱڣǳ̫ƽҲûκεʿܵħɧš
ǱߵѪۣԽԽˣѪڶĴټѪصľ֧ԭѪصĸ¾ۼѪǶΨһľŹʿЩѪصķ֧ȫͶѪ۵£ԯѪأѪ˵֮£ѾҸȼˣڣҪȵѪػҪ£ѪۺѪأò
ѪۣЦмҡҡͷѪ۶ŵˣ̫Ѫ۲ŸոսŹ֮ãҲֻܹڶĴĴԯȣ
û̫֮֮ǰǱҹɵ̫֮ķأѾﵽ۷֮ҺпڶʱͻƵŹ֮ľʵѪۣο컹ɽ⹫ָոյõҫѪһٸӣѪҲʱԯơ
ħһʧˣȽϹ飬һ£ѯʵ
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йעǱߣѪ۾ˣһصĵطһֹħСħټʲôطϽϢңճ
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ţħһʧˣԲϳħаĿķ·Ϊ˻ˣֻҪд½ͲŹʿ֮ǣôʱħûκεľٶ϶жˣüͷյѪֽɫ÷ģɹħȴܹİһħѾǳѶԸˣһ϶Ϊһˣд½ѣ
ˣһὫǱߵɢʱѪ۵٣ȫȥѲħ䡣˵
ǱʲôһתɫˣҴĻʱ򣬾δ󣬶̶ڵˣǲĦ̵Щ˸ɵģ
˺Ǿ棺գ㶼ܹ֪
Ħ̵ʲô˶֣Уʲôطûнߵ飬ֱʵ
Ҳ׷ʣź˵ͷ
һֱûнĺصⷽϢǳ¼Ҵģ¼ҵ˷Ħ̵δ֮ˣԲŲ²ʧٺĦ̵йأݳ¼˵Ħ̵ļڶ̶ֹ֮⣬Ǳ߻жһЩˡ
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ԺУֳôһ棬ѪۺĦ̵ķδĳطЦ̸۶ԸԯȵĴƣ̸ԺѪ˳Ƚ׽ˣ˫һļϣѪŹʿڣĦ̵ļȻǵ֣Ȼˡ
Ѫۣһ˻Ѿڶˣ˵ˮƹȥȥʥĸˡ
ֻɱգ᲻Ҫȥ򣿡Īµ
ǲǱȥҶҪȥһˣĦͶ̫аħ½ħߣһʱ϶дô˵Ҳǰ̵νľ޸ôʱ䣬Ҳϰ˰̵һЩؼҲܹؿŰ̱Ħ̣ҷȥһ˲ˡճһ£ͻȻ
ʥĸžŹ֮ʵѪҲھŹ֮˵Ҫɱ㣬㲻ôðȻ£Ī¼
⹫һսƱ⹫أڿ϶ûлָѪۣŸոͻƾŹ֮ãܹɱҹҲܹɱѪۣɭȻЦҪıңҪԸ
տգǸʲôѪۣҰɣҾͿԸɵڴʱԴ֮ͻȻԪзɳ䵽ļϣ˵


348 Ź֮

ŨĻƣסһ׵ľ޴ҶҶƾŨŨ֮У֮Ҷ֮кХҶһײеѪħޣϵ˻ţ˻صϢ
һǧػһڴͨħֺ޽硣
޴Ҷϵ·ĹɽɽϣĸΣţһڴؿϵĹҶƺĬĬصȺʲô
֮󣬴ϵҶ֮ڣһľ޴Х֮ŨŨƲҪشҶ֮пӿī֭һոȾɺɫ
ȵ̫֮⣬ȫЩī֭һƸסˣɽҲûһ˿â
ڴʱǾ޴Ҷ֮ڣһƶĤХһȻȻҶ֮гһԲôд½ħ֣ħʮ׳Ĺͷϲ̣ۼצΪͷϵȭֱͫΪɺ졢̡ɫ
޴ħһҶֳ֮Щɽˣ׷Ȼվе޽ŲͷȮħ
ͷȮħ
ĸһǾʧ룬һٴеؿϣͷ­ľ޴ħ֣ʿ϶Լʩչˣʱ׼ӦͷȮħϮ
ͷȮħӸµظЩˣɫͫײкѪɭɭҧġֱ֨죬ƺҪȫ飡
ţͷȮħѾշˣԺ޽Ų㲻ͷȮħҵˡͻȻһͳҶ֮дһ̣һĸߴ꣬ɫĴҶ֮˳
ȫι״׸ߣһӱ뺷İԵΰӸ߸ҶڴһСɽһһֳصѹ
ֿȭϰţ׳֮ļȫֳֻһɵƤ㣬籱һẮ
һҶ֮гͷȮħʵؽ޴½һЩܹıص˵ͷһ̤޽һֱӡ塱ͷȮħı
ͷȮħХһƺԵüΪʹȴͣǶһǺꡣ
ү
үˣ
үˣ

Щˣһ֣һǾϲ׷˷ܵػ
ҸأֱվͷȮħϣʵ
ˣһֱڻʳµа֮оޡһİʿػشȻͻȻϲүѾͻƵŹ֮ˣ
˻һȫ˷Ŀ˳ݣһЩòŮˣȫзŹ⣬ʱƺ޲ýһ
Ź֮µĽζżǰˣȻƾΪ䣬쵼Ի͡
ˣẮɫ֮˭ܹ˵
磬ȥڴʱԶһŮԶԶһ
һ֣ȫס˺һؿ·ֻ֮ʣ죬أƺһʧȥɫʡ
һŮȻںŵ㡣
һͷɫĳ˫Ҳǰɫͷеļǣ£;˫Ůͦͪ壬ƤȴİҺڲһѩһĹ𪣬۵ļǵɫͰɫټŮӵеľͪ壬ɢһֵߵΪ֮Ķ
ȫĿѣԣܶ˿ˮֹס֪жһɵһʱȴҡ
С⣬ôˣẮɫڼŮʱϼӲһЩЩ簮
˵ˣûʲô󰭣ȥȥ֪ˡŮȻһЦЩǵĿˮڵĸˡ
˵ͷٶ˵ʲôŮͷȮħȻһֱ޻ʳǷȥ
Ҹոƭģʱܹ㣬ȥһĦ̵˵д̣ڱչػָأʲôֱҾˡһͷȮħŮЦЦϸĿڡ
˺ߣŮһҾ֪һ£ֵӦûһȥɣ
㲻ȥʲô˵֪޽ʱǱʲôŮʼˣ
Σ鲻Ըص˵ͷйƵһͷȮħȵɣ
ͷȮħӴ˺һסı䷽򣬴޻ʳǵϷɹֱȥ

ȵɳĮڡ
һӰ¶ǰߣһ̿㣬ֿտգ˫ۣһĻɳ֮гͽǰС
죬һӿɢֲ֮ԶԶɳĮ£һ̰࣬ĺһΧ裬ΪɳĮһ಻ԣ˶ɳĮ䣬׷Ѱޱѡ
ϣ覵¹ˮһϣ屻¹⸲ǣɢһ͹γ֮ˮһͷų
ʱ̶غһ

¶ĳǰУһ²ԲȣûϢʼȫǻɳɳĮ֮Уһ˶У·һʬ⡣
Ϊϵ¶̫ߣټлΧ˵ҿڵ򣬵ϣܶ˷ֹ¶ǰеϵ¹֮һЩĻҪЩˣȴδѾ֧顣
ֻҪлжĵˣһӽΧʮ֮ڣƺͻᱻһɲڵ˺ɷ顣
һʼʱ˲аһЩʿҲȻͨˣʿӲƵֻҪʮɣɣ
һʿ屻гɷ飬ϸһ¹֮µʱɳĮУҲû˵ܿôһˣ
ڣܶ˽ೣ߶ͨգסò֮󣬿ʼøֶ̻ΰݡ

һȥһ¶Ĺˣڲ֪вϵطű仯
죬Ƥǳɫ̫֮⡢ɳĮһɫһ塣ҹֱý覣һ¹֮һͷš

ֹһʱ䣬˽覵ɫ֮¾Ȼտ¹֪֮Ӻδ¹⸲ǡ
ҹ¹֮£й̫ǿֱҫϣ
ֹ˼죬ܲ籩֮У췱ͻȻ
̫֮⣬֮⣬ǣ֪ǳĹâһ֮Ͷ䵽ϣ
࣡

УŴӵļգ˫̧ͷ죬ǺЦ૵Ź֮ԭĸо


349 

ɳǵĹϻĵУһ޴ĹڻɵΡţӰƾɹϵĹڴţƺڵȺʲô
ΧɳУһۿɼ⽻֯γҪķȦ棬ɳ֪쫷紵ţѸٵؽɳͷų֮䡣
֨֨
Źֵӹĵص״ĳµڵص֮תţֻľ޴󹬵Ȼʼŵص֮ȥ
һйɵݣһĹ˴˼ľ벻䣬ݵص׵ʱϷƬ߲ٲȻص˶Ȼ
ϻĵصĵص֮ڣһ̽ͽӰڻţصͨ˴ͨ֩һ֯һ
ڴеһΰĹ֮壬һʮӰɫȻǵʲôоľޡ⼸յĸߣһȻǽǣƺʲôĵˡ
ͼϢй¶ȥˣľԵüΪҰ̵ĸҪݻ٣̵Ĵģ
һ̵ĳϰͼȴεص˵ͷȷλãȷǱй¶ȥˣյϢĦ̵ĺڰ֮Ħ̵ĸһνѵһս
ϧһ̫һ㣬ҪȻ˵ĽһЩľ޵һ̵̾ؼǴ٣Ħ̲Ǹʱ䰡
ʦķԸѾһЩѵĵӣ;ˣϣϣܹƽߡһݣȴǰңңһˮƹķ򣬰겻ѣ֪ںδɻǵ˵Ļ
ľ΢΢һЩֻҪܹƽԣ̾ϣǱ߹ǺԯѾγɣ¼ܹȥԯȵûмĦҲףǰʱڱǴҹɱֻҪڣϣڣ
ֵܣһصصͷֻҪڣ̵ϣ֮ͲϨ𣡡
ͼƳ˼һۣЦҡҡͷ̾ϢûнԼ֮ڽУֻ飬ûн̷ϣôһֱôִԲ̱Ħ̴ѹôʱ䣬Ϊһ֮ȴ̵ηϣǡָ𣿡
˻һľ޺ˣһ̾һĬȻĬ
ˡ̧ͷСֻʱֲˡ
ֲͼǵĿɬһ֣ӱ֮Ѿȥ˰ʱ䣬ʱ䣬û֪ȥ˺δȫ򣬿ȴһָʾû
ͼɬҿǣѾǣǸˡ
ģһȴҲɣֻǵϵظġġ
ݣͣ
ɳ֮УͻȻ죬һ֮ϢʼΧ֣ȻѸٽӽҪ԰̵ˡ
λϣΧطݻ٣ѸٳͻΧķڸر˺ѣλϣӦص֮ˣһ̵ĽͽɫҴҶɴغȵ
ص֮СͼȻΣ૵һĳص֮УҪܹһطζǰ̽ʱȥ갡жٸꣿһ룬̵ϣӾҪٵſԷѿңˣ
ϣصףôͻᱻ׻ȥλУôλ̸ˣǽͽ˻
ͼһ۷֮ػһ㱻һ˻ڵء
òͼʱǵѹۿ鱯֮ľ޺ͰˣҲ棬һϹŻɵգӽ޸衣
ձضҪǵĽͳӽֻ֮һɣǾҡĦ̣һаɳ֮Ǻڰ֮
̰Ǻǣܹ뵽д½̵׳ңһŵһ
ɺ֣γ²ɣڰ֮Ц
ŹʿͼȻɫȻԶһָصı
ѪۣѪ֮˺ԯżĳޣ벻ȻҲˡľԯȴôʱ䣬ԯȵ鱨¸ǿ߶˽⣬һڰ֮ƺΪɺ֡ľϲ³˵ݡ
еĽͽһŹʿĵңһʼ
ͼݺݵҧ촽ֻ׼´ｫص׵ˡ

޾ຣΪڰΪŷᣬ겻
ڴʱӼԶ֮شһƮ޼Ѱׯµ󳪣ͳӾ֮Ͻ䣬ߣȴÿһ䡣
İ̵Ľͽһ̧ͷ죬ȫŹ֮ı飬׷˫ϥŵأ߾˫ۻŰŷ翵ġ񡱡
̵ġ衯Ȼվ˫ᣬֿЦǽˣҽ̵ĵһƪҥҲǽѧΨһһ̵裡
ļģͼĿɿڴã૵ûз𣿡
ľһһ͵վ۾ϸһ£ͻȻȵǽˣ
ӾĵħΪῪ·ڵأὫʥ·
֮翵Ļصţֹ֮ɳ֮أڰ̵֮һص
λϣһ̵Ľͽһ·ײײ񱼶ƵĿϲ֮飬֮ⱻݻٵзȦȫϣ¹ˮһס¹֮Ҫʽ̸ɿݶġ̶˿ġ񷣡ѾѾʼʽתˣ
ͽһڸ֮ڱըϢ̵ĽͽһϲӵһֿЦ
ʲʲôͼб˾ѣл㱵̶ע¹ˮ񷣿⣬ôܣ
ģͽֱЦϣˣϣҪصˣ
ϣ֮ضΪͽ֮⣬񷣣һϡ
԰Ϊģرɫ
ʯ˺ѳһ׵ķ϶ҪקĺڰԨ


350 һӣ
񷣣
ǰ̴ô񷣴Ҳ˿Կ
κΰ̵Ľͽ֪񷣵
֪һɶôֲϮ
һĻ̵չֳǧ̵ϳһʱ䣬Ϊ֮ɫ
û֪֮ʯΪʲôԺȻ䣬Ҳû֪ʲôԲ֮ڵĴ˺ѳһ׵Ĺ֣˿񱩵Ȼ䱬أΪ֮
棬ǳȥϲȻֱȥ
ľһˣһû̫ԥһһɳɵĻɳƳ˽ͽƣҪ֮һȫò
ͼֻһԥҲ˷ܵط˳ҳȵ֮ϵĽͽһȥӭӽĵ
һʱ䣬ʮӰ׷״Ӹг𣬴͸Ľ磬ɳϣ棬ĴѰ˵ټ
ȿĲǴӡϣ֮ء֮ȿĿ磬֮²ҽеĵˣһĦ̵ĸ֣񷣵֮±ݲһνĸֱʯңһڴصķ϶֮п޽С
˼
һ̣֮磬·˼ĵһĦ̺ͶѪصĸ֣֮±ɱѪһӰ鿪״ң
ЩĦ̵ĸ֣ʹţȴܲһʯĺ޾ʯķУǾۼ̫ЩĦ̸κηĻᡣ
κĦ̵ĸֻ֣ҪʯУûѵĿԣֻľҵ
ʯ͵صײϵ˺ѲͷųǿĹ֣ǶĶħڲϵؿҧ˵ʬǣһײѪľ֣·ס˵Ĳϣ˴

ɵ֮䣬һֻһ̿Ӱ¶ǰУǵͨΪģһš
죬أ·𶼳֮
̵Уǧȴ˿˿һһȡӷ֮䣬ΪṩԴԴ
֮ϣǿۼŨī֭һһ޴һߣ׺Ȼ٣׺磬Լ֮ѰŲڰ̽ڵĵˡ
ʯ͵ص׹ֵĹ֮£׺;춯ص磬һŰأʮ֮Ħ̺ͶѪصĸ֣̼䱻׵ɺں飬Ϣ˲䵴Ȼ޴档

ǽƵľ
ȻգȫȻԵļųͽˣһ̣ʱסףӽԺȴһ棡
ľһȣһڵϡ
ӭͼׯµľ޵
ӭ
ӭ
һʱ䣬֮䣬ֻصôһа̵ĽͽȫڵϣһŴӻɵңԶ֮ػļգͻȻʶǵȺڴǵξ֮˳ˡ

̧ͷһƽ͵΢Цߴľϻƹ˰ֵܣ䵽˰ͼϣõˡ
ֻҪҾԸһֱȺȥ£ϣܹյĻԻͣͼ۾ͨ
˵ͷЦġ
գתϣϵض֮ĺڰ֮ѪƷɺףλòˣ
գڰ֮ҧгݣΪܹ˻ȥɣ񷣵ģǰ֮еֻǽ񷣸˶ѣ
գŶˣ˵һǴģ֪ûȥδ󣿡ƷɺȻЦţɵض񷣵Ĺ˿Ǳ
ѪۣѰ·һδ󣬼֪ԼĲ²ûʧٿ϶йأ
Ѱ·ƷɺƲƲ죬мѾΪˣ첻ŸոͻƵŹ֮ҵҪ㻹ܹƾ˭ԸѪأ
ҲҪƾκ˵շ侲һصȻһӣ
һ䣬Ԫ֮еȭףȻչֳһ֮ļ֣˻Ϣ͵شȭͷ֮д˳
ѪۣձӣᣬͻȻ쳤ХХ춯أ
ٿأԼΪģһ֮񳱣ΪĵĴأ·ĳƿʯ裬ɳ֮䡣
Ź֮죡ͻƵŹ֮ˣֵǿϲ͵ؼ
ľͻȻ̧ͷ˫ҵؿżգصصͷ૵ϣˣ
һԲֻмһˣֻһӰ
һӰ·ѾԶӡԶƵġ
а̵ĽͽһȫΪŹ֮ļջΪνǿѪڣ
ˣ֮һֱĦ̣֮һֱĦ̸ѹڣȫȻΪ֮ûоŹʿΪĦһŹ֮ʥĸ
һʥĸֻǶĦ̣һɣΪϵİ֮ϣ
԰̵Ľͽ˵Ϊ̹ĵ裬нͽУһ룡ڴгһҲоŹʿճرӦ̵̵һУ
죬ǵȵˣ
ȭһص͵ͷųԪ֮еͼڱԪ㼯һ֮Уȭ·֮ΪֲһȭδΪĵԪȻѾ˾޴ı仯ŨŨԪӵص׹֮ӿȻȭǰγһ޴ޱȵԪ֮
ѪɫȻһ䣬ͻȻȫעţżܹԽ죬ܹô
䣡䣡
׺Уȭ׺Ϳһ磬·ȭһһȭ֮׺ͽѪֹŰ۷֮ʵĺڰ֮ΪѪۿţܵĲȻǱд½ߵɽѹסȻã
ǣǣ
ȭ֮ռ䱻ѹط·𱻾޴ͻȻҵݡ
飡
һ춯صĺѪ֮УѪ۵Ӱߵķһ㣬ѪңңԶ䣬
ܵĺڰֱ֮ӱһȭɱ飬Ѫһ𣬵


351 ջ
ȭ׵
ڼͻƵŹ֮Ժȭ˳ֻһȭֲ֮ѾǵأڵԪȭ֮еں֮Ϊȭ׵һԪ·ڽͷų
ѪҲھŹ֮Ѫصؼν棬ȻͬΪŹ֮ȭ׵һ֮£ȴø飬ɱľء
۷֮κͼΪеĺڰ֮Ħ̽ʥĸɷ򣬽ȭ׵ನͱɱˡ
ۿǺڰ֮Ѫһ鿪һڽȭջأԪͷ˳
Ԫһϻɢ֮䣬ЩĦ̺Ѫصĸ֣񷣵ɱ֮һ֮зݳҪٶԶǷ֮ء
Ԫһ֮£Щ˵ͳͳԪӰ죬һǿ˱Ԫ֮ͷųκҪ꣬סˡ
ͬʱҲ֮ؼʩչԺ֮дֻ֮һѾԶѪظֵ꣬סȻһؽԪ֮С
ԪԪ֮Уһľ޴Ļؽнɸɾֻһʮ֮ͱԪһˡ
ڰ֮꣬ҲС
ոӦڰ֮Ԫ֮ԺͻȻֳǳı顣
ң뵱꣬ոմɽ뿪¼ҵʱ鱦鱦ϣǺڰ֮ݺĿ֮´Ħ̵ĸ鱦鱦
Ǹʱ򣬼ֻһé®Сɫںڰ֮ǿİʿ֮£ֻܹãã˺֮УֻܾȫԼ
ڰ֮Ǹʱ򶯶֣׼佫ɱ鱦ʱҲΪڰ֮ΪǿĴڣΪԼһҲﲻ˵ľ磡
Ȼϣ̶ʮʱ䣬죬ȴ׾ٵĺɱڰֻ֮˳ģ
벻ڰ֮ǵҲ벻
ֻǶ̶ʮʱ䣬֮ߵճ˾Եߣڰ֮˵ȴһĽɫͶͿԺɱ
ѪۣӰɣǼ˴ɣųҾ֪㲻һսհȻ֮䣬ĦڵķЦ
سѪ۱ȭ׵һѪɳȥ֮󣬻δأѪصؼ߷ڵѪӶݿһ˲䣬ѪѾǧ֮Ĵ֮ڣһڲҪӡ
ͬΪŹ֮ѪһĻҲ޿κΣȭܹ֮ȴܹٶȣȻܹӦѪ۵ټȴ޿κΣֻܹȥ
յһ֮ЩĦ̺ѪصĲʿҪؿʼܡ
֮δЩ֣Ҫô۷֮Ҫôڰ֮ûһߣ֪ڼյ֮£һЩֶӲȥ׷׼Ѫ֮ڵϧԲݡ
ľ޺ͰͼȰ̵ĸ֣һ״׷׳֣һҪ˵ľ޵˵ĳֻԵóһ㡣
ֻѪغĦ̵ĸ֣ľޡͼ˵Ĺ֮±ɱ˻طֻ֮һգ۹Щ˾˸⣬Ӱ̵֮ʧȥټ
񷣵ڿʼɢȥˡ
հ׿գһŽԼºͰ֮еںһ𣬹һֿԺͰ֮дڵĹϵһ֮󣬿ʼôԺ֮жؼƿذ̵Ĺ󷨡
ʱ򣬽˰̵Ԫõ˰̵Ϲؼ֪ľޡͼֳ϶ܹ˽ĹŹؾ
ǰһؼҪƿذ̵һЩ󷨡
ڰ̵֮ڣʵһֱŰ̵һЩ󷨣ֻŰǰһʧ٣Ҳû֪Щ󷨸ʹˣ񷣾ǰ̵Ĺ֮һҲǹǿһֹ󷨣
񷣺Ǻһǰ̶еؼ߲ͬǺԾۼԪһƶ֮رӯ֮ıأ֮⣬ǺĽƺͽ磬ԹԷ
񷣲ͬûоۼԪܹطӯأΨһãǹûؼĵˣĴڣΪɱУ
񷣵ĴڼΪ£·ңңӦܹصֻҪһӣͿԱ
ͻƵŹ֮ļգôһӣֻҪڵĹںӿ񷣣
ڼյ֮£񷣵ȥϵɢ׵粻ڣʯȫֹͣ׹䣬Щ˺ѵĴأȻҲһһˡ
ʱ֮񷣳ƽϢ֮ջָΧƽƽֻһ߾ϡŹֵʬ塣
һָֻԭĦ̺Ѫصĸ֣ǳʧˣĦ̺ڰһϵˣõĺڰ֮Զ廯Ϊ˴صһ֣ϵĹָûˡ
ԪתţԪ֮еԪ飬Щס֮С
ôһطԪƺԵ÷ǳԾһĦ̺Ѫظֵ꣬һԪɣͻ˲仯ΪԪԪ֮ɢ
ԪȻУȴоԪ֮еԽԽӯˡ
ոһȭĵԪͻָˡ
ľޡͼһ˹ڵأһ̧ͷĿȵؿ
ڰ֮Ǻڰ֮ġѾɱ𣿡һֻ֮ĽͽɵɵؿżգһĲš
ǺǣһҿԱ֤֤Ժ򲻻кڰ֮֡΢΢һЦʵ΢Ľͽ̵ѹȥˣԺ̣ǿʿɣĦ̣ؽ򡢴ʧ
䣡ͽͷŴأָߺ
䣡
䣡

һʱ䣬֮УҲǻ糱ûˡ
ȻͻȻ䷢ԼȷʵǷ̫࣬Ԫǰ̵ʥڰֻ̣꼼Ҳڴ˵أǺҲɵõ̫Ȼȴûнɵһ¡
ۿôͽ羴һؿһʱ䣬зһУУΡ
ͣ
ڴʱԶԪͻȻԪâʢ͵شԪ֮зɳĹâҫ̵һ֮Уһ֮УҲʼעԪ֮С
Ԫ飬ƺ䷢


352 Ԫеڶ
Ԫ㹻֮󣬾ͻᷢĳ䣬һεʱ򣬼մԪ֮еõȭףڶα仯ʱ򣬼յõԪ֮ڵĴ꣬˴ߡ
Ԫ鱻̳ΪʥȻͰǧ˿ƵĹϵ̵ϿգԪйâʢңңһӦ֮в֪ĳԪǣ֮£׷״֮ڷݳ
һͷ׵Ĺâ֮Ȼһһ۽Ԫ֮С
̵ЩͽʱһѾڵأżյľľ޺ͰͼϣҲɫݣԪ档
һ̣û˵һɼν̵ãԪֽˮ֮е̴ĦнȳԼ䣬ЩͽѾгݵֻҪ̣佫ҲûʲôӰ쵽̡
һؿԪı仯һ£ͻȻԪı仯һΪ㹻֮⣬һΪҪԭ򡪡ж԰ģ
Լΰ̣ҪΪЩʲôԼ˰̵Ľ֮Ԫƺĵ΢仯
ΪˣԪŻᷢ仯
Ԫı仯ڰһ֮еĳµЩһֱţȴܹƺڵȺһ̣
һעԪ֮Ժ󣬱֮Ԫ飬Ļ˹˵ע֮£Ԫ黺֮Ƶ˼յͷ
һɫĹڣԪ֮зݳⰵɫǸֲ֪ħֵͼЩħһֲڵıһɱصϢ֮ͷų
ڴԪ֮зݳԺԶżյͷȥһȻ̧ͷⰵɫĹһ䵽Լͷϡ
ڿڼͶ֮ϣֻǡǰһֲħߣȻס
һģҲħͼ¶ۿףԶԶӾĵħ񣬻͸¶һɭֲϢ
߿ͷ֮󣬼ȻһͻȻ䣬ں߷·һ㣬ͬʱһɷǳҲ֮У˲Ǳ״Ϊһ塣
״Уһɹ֮󣬼ջȻԼ·Ÿǿƿĵ·ֻҪһͿð̵ʹ꼼κ˵ūۣɶԼĲˣԶԼĽԼ
ȻһշڼΪаѲ⣬ĿǰԵģȴǰ̵ĽͽȻܹЩ̵Ľͽڵ
ˣֻ΢һڵ죬Űջȭ׵ķջǹڡ
Ȼϣջȭ׵ķԪʱڵϴͷϷɳȥѸٵԪ֮УԪ֮ڵĳĿռ
һŻڣַֽԪ֮ĳռڣĺֳ֮ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ԼѾӵڵȫֻҪԪУʱԽڴԪ֮Ūȭһ
һԼ׷̧ͷһľ޺Ͱͼոգʲôǿ֪
ľ޺ͰͼˣɫãȻһԼʲô׵ģľһŻҡͷõȭ׺ڣ˶յ̵伮ȫп̵Ķȴƿصĵ伮֮ڡ
ͼҲͷ
һԪߺȣ
ڰͼһãȻʱ򣬱Դ֮з˳͵˸֪ҪʲôǶСڡⶫǳаĻ꼼ܹūʩչʹ꼼һ˵֮עԶЧͷһһѲĽ
˻һɫȻһ䣬ľ޺ͰͼǴϲæϲ
ڣܹԻ꼼ãܹ׵ؽһ˱ΪԼūȻǼΪа
һԺ󲻵Ʋѣڣʵ̫аһ㣬ɱһ˻Ҫ¡
뿴ڽһ˵곹ƿأȥɱˣ˵Ƕô̵飿
㻹֪ʲôʡ
֪ˣտգҪȥˣԪֱ࣬ҿҪȥúˡԴ֮˷֪ܵ˼һ³Ԫ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬Դ֮һֱԪ֮лԪ鷢˼α仯֮ӯ֮¿Сռ䣬Դ֮ƺĺܲԽԽҲԽԽǿ
һμ˵ҪҪԸѪۣ˵ԼѾԽžŹ֮Ѫˣ顣
ۿűԴ֮Ԫ֮ڣһ̧ͷ˿ڻɳ֮ʵľ޺Ͱͼ˵˵ͷߣȥһ𡣡
ľޡͼȻͬ⣬Щ̵ĸһ𣬽չӭ̵
֮İǵʼżգ̵֮ڣԽԽȻеǹ˸ĳµڰ
ЩԵ̵Ľͽһߵ֪Լ˭ˣκĿŰȻնҪˡ
ľޡͼˣŰһۣ˽һƺΪãͬĳ

̵Ժ󣬼շ¼ӣľ޺Ͱͼ˽Լһʱһֱ̫֮ϣȻϵرʾԺһ̷ϣѯʽյ״
˵Ľ֮£ܿڰ̵µʶǰ̫֮ʱĦһֱڴѹ̣һʱ䣬వٵܶͽɱ
֮⣬Ħ̻ɢҥԣ˵̵Ľԯȵļգصͻ֮ĵжԹϵ̵Ľͽֶˣų⡣
Ħ̵ִʩ֮£ԭ̵ڣʼıԼЩһĦ̣ĦϾͶ԰̵Ȼˡ
һֱлỊܹ̇ذԺ󣬱ʵȷĦ̵ǣȻڽڰˡ

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353 ˼
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Щӣ˱Ħ̸Ŀ಻ԣĦ̵£̵Ľͽ׷ױ̣ת̵ĸַ̳Ħ̣ΪĦָ˵·ð̷ֲݻˡ
յȷˣԯȣһԯִ֮£ʿڼԵĵִǰ̸ı䲻˵ʵͼľˣΪѾ⣬ȴûһܹá
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˻һľ޺ͰͼɫȻһãȻӡ
ȷһȫ˶ַ֪ͨƺ̫װüͷУһֱʥĸϴԲ飬жǽеĿꡣĦ̶ʿɵĲɱǺڰ֣֮⹫ˮƹĵλİսΪʴȵʥĸġ
ľ޺ͰͼһͷʾⰢԲҪַԸʥĸȻвͨġ
΢΢һЦյһҲףʥĸȷĺܺãҲҪ֣ⷽͨʱܣҪǽһЩѾȷʵڵʵȫµߣ
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һ˽ⷽϢش£¼䣬֮ĺֲ٣ֻҪģȻܹ̫֮ϻ֪һЩϢһ±϶Ħ̱˵ˣ¶֮أΪ˺򣡡Ц
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УһȥһĦܲһǼʶʶĦ̵оǰ顣ֵ
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ĪҪĦ̾һսͼҲ⣬ող˵ҪȫʶĦ̵ҰĺͶ񶾣ֻҪʶĦ̵Ħ̱ؽ½㣬αôżء
տˣİɣڵʥĸɱңѪۣӲ÷ϡ
ճѾǲö˵ʲôˣİɣڰ֮ŸոձɱʱĦ̿϶ʲôжֻҪһĦ̵ܲһŪǼɹӲϾԸߡ
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ҺһȥҶĸȽ˽⣬ĦܲһЩ飬ҲǳϤϾкܶطһ£ڽߣԱ֤ᴥյϰף˵ǳҪ׿ϣͻȻһιͷͷ㷢ڵϣԵ֫ϸ̣֮ͦ
Ȼֲ֪ʱⰢһǿɵĳ۱˽ģ͹µ¶ţ˵ĵطĵɫ۹סԵø˷
ֻǿһⰢĶˣվ;һа桰ڡشСðֻڸڵѪҺٶȶӿࡣ
˼ղƽ˫ָŰȻ֮ƺƺѾ˰سⰢʩչ˰ֻʥŮܹȻ
ȻһЦΪ޵ʻţǵ˫㣬ԱһЩ̵Ľͽ׷׵ͷڴڵԼĿˮ
л佱ЩҡҿʼⷽˣһԣƺЩءĵ͵ͽЦһ˵ڼԹ͵ɲа⡣
˳ǰĿһִٵƨɣɿһǸҶһ飬Ѿǳ˽ˡ
Щԯ֮ͨμҡ¼ҡҵ鱨¸ط״˽⣬ġ򡢶һЩףһЩĶйأԣżҲᴥһЩĶ
ָƣУ֪ϵڸİʱ´ҲʱΪЧԣϡͼϿҵ
аԣ϶ࡣľҲ
̵һô˵ˣһ룬˵ͷǺãһߣʱް㲻õʲôЩ
һġЦ

ʥɽ
ߵһɽ壬ɽŨ֮ԡ̫֮£ʥɽųΪ̫ĵطʥɽϰٻޣɺ׶಻ÿնİճʥһɽ²ΰݣĿеʥأ
Ħ̣ڹʥɽ֮ϡ
ΪһʿɵĦֲ̣ڹʥɽطɽ£ɽУɽϣĦ̵ļⶥʥȻȴ֪ڹʥɽɽ֮Уȴһ겻ĺڰ֮ء
ʥɽɽ֮ڣĦ̵Ľʥĸʥ֮ڣĿĹâ
ؿɫƽŵѪۣ
ȴΪѪۿЦСӣѾԽˣ¼䣬ҲֻͲľŹ۷ǿߣܹסҡһһ㡣


354 ͣ
ʥɽϷһ޴ڣһɫľεض𣬾Ȼʮ׸ߣķǳ׳
ïܵĹľ֮Уవɫʯͷ˵һ޴ĺΪƵı仯ŻγֱۣӦں׵İɫʯͷضǣǺɫľ޴ص羰
Ħ̵ĹʥɽֻаأպͰ˾һԲһĺʯͷϣ߸ʯͷһǣĳεţʼչ˵΢Цʱ޿̲ͷŶǵ
Ӱ̵뿪֮Ⱒĥ¼յ־Ϊɣ޶Ĺʩչÿʱÿ̶ԼȻһչָտðĪջ󼧳ա
հ˵Ħ̵ʥĸⷽΪ˷ֹڼʥĸʱ򣬱ĹԻ־ôġ
վð鲻ܾܿͻ֪ΪóĹͬ˰ϰȥĹ
ǰĹϾͷǳԯȵʱ򣬼кüζѳֲסЩĹӾտˣһ·ʱʱ̿̽Ĺʩչü˶Щߵ
߸ʯͷϣһ˫Ȱţɫĳ۳ϣεСȣĿҫţԼ͸˼յ
ЦҺɫĺӵĲǵˮģ˵꣬ʱʱƳϼһֻۣƿ
еĿʱײ𲻵ʲôãֻܹĵ̫¼ſܰĹ
һ߶ľˮԼƽʥĸԼĵˣܹڰȻ²
㵽ǹһĻĽǶȣЦӯӯ֣Աĺڽս֮ͻȻ֣䲻أΪ˱鷢ԣӦøһ
һȻҡҡͷҪˣҾͺܺˡ
Ͱ̫һ̵ʩչ£пԼرġ
Ϊ̫֮ϵʱ֮ͨĽڣѾԹ֮
Ѿǰһ֪ˣǸʴĵ񫶾ƷԹҲˣһѾƽ䣬ڴڵĵͻ½
ϾֻѪյ꣬йⷽľԲŻẦǰһ롣
ȵģǡƲסҵ𣿡ҧ촽Ϊʩߣһʱ̱ѣȵĵġ
ǰʩߣֻҪܹסԼʱؽͣʲô飿ջȻǵͷЩ˼ĳˣҪʱʱְ
İɣġȻһЦ
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һ仰ͻȻؿϷСֻһаڡð࣬Գ
ŵİɫȻȴǱȽϿɣϴϣСȵɻε
ʱϣ£СȻε֮䣬żȵķֿȴ۵µֳһЩ

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һ̣յǷ·ħɸɾ̧ͷŰ۵µط⣬ֻڸҲƲסıܵܡ
ҰһͺһһץսʯͷϸֱӴ
һȻ벻ľٶŵˣȻһ֮󣬰ȴͻȻЦЦķǳ⣬ǳԺԼܹµļԵ˷

ӣһεʯͷϣã
һĴ֣ӸǶԪҲεסˣһ᲻
ǰ˫֮һΪܵ¶ɣ
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գͦε˫壬ϸûһ˿׸Сʵ޳ĴȣΡ
أյĴִַŰ壬ĽĻš
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Ȼʹʼհżմֵ̽еļܵʹԽԽأյֽι֮ʹԽǿˡ
ѩ׵ļʼֱ࣬۴ɫʹأԼҪܲˣɿ֣Ūʹˡ
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֪ûļգǲ˰ĽĶȻһֱȴСһЩ
һоʹ̶ֳȵʹѾĳܷΧ֮ˡ

žúùһ㣬ͻȻΣУԲУ˾ģ
һԺ󣬰Ͼ÷쬵ģ֪Լ°ĳۣѾ˺ˣһ˫ֱĴȺŮΪصĵشѾ¶ڿˡ

Ů˵ǹȥڴʱϴһ֮ĸ֣˰ĽȻϷïܵĹľ
һֱҪ޳ˣһ߰ԼԸһ߸Ͻ죬Щ˲ᷢͼգϣЩ¸Ͻ뿪
ڼǰţոʯͷַʱ˹̵ʥŮʥַ֮ôһģرһ˴Ū֪Щлθܡ
̣ˣˣɿң˵ĺϼٵص
ϧʧļգȴĵᶨƵ飬ͣˡ


355 
ĻңܾӦʲôȻֽŶյסãʱ򣬾ǧ뷨ҲûʵʩĿԡ
ʩչȻ֮طѾܹͣͣϧȴͣˡ
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ŶͻȻɤ﷢һҵգȫ˵ҺɫʺļֱҪѪˡ
еַֻܹϵطҪѹס̫ߣὫЩİڼʹ£ݹ֮Ī⡣
ͻȻ䣬ԼƺܹˣȻڵĴ󲿷ɱסȴֽ»ָһ
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ڴʱһ˺ѰʹУȸ׶ĵʹһȫػֽŷ飬һʧȥ
һĿײ籩һŰ۵壡һ̣֪Լˣʹ֯о£һƬãȻ׹ƶˣѾȴԼ˭ˡ

ǱԶһšɳɳһмѸٳ߽ӽ
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һŽлǻָһС֣һȥƼյĿš
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ʹķԼֹܹնַۿһԽԽֻܹ˶Ρ
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ǿҵ߳ӿͷ֮£ӵУֻܹҧݣԼ¶̬

ףһŮģҴûмôŮˣһֵʿͻȻһľؿŰ类׵Уɵˡ
ϾȻ˶һ˴ӹľֻǿ˰һۣͷ߽
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ձˣʯͷϣˣǿյòȴؿľա
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ʹ˷ʹԡ
ĻԶ㣬ȻһɱǣһȫɱǣϢŽȵ
ĵҲֻҪܹһ׷ȻձҲֵˣǰ˫ĿضŰ¶磬Űذѩźۣſˮڵһǰ
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һ֮ǰȻγɣĽſ֮ķâƾγɣһ֯飬Ѫһ˷
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ڰȻޱߵɫ֮£ˮԽˣͻȻඥѹ˷һҲҶ࿴һۣͷٶ룬»Ჽӵĺ󳾡
Ҳһ̣յĶԽԽѪɽУΪİʧԼرżգҧļ򣬾Ҫӭ
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ʴоڣһξ֮ļգƲĬĬؿŰһ뷨Ժи֡

ʱ֮󣬰ֻԼҪɢһ㣬ȫֽʹ
һʼʱЩ㯣Щԣȵƣʱ䲢û֮ǰʲô飬ֱֱãȻ˫ӳǼԹе߳ܵľʯһԺ֮ӹ
һ̣ԼڣȻȻδ˳ȥ
̡˫ؿص͵һ


356 㡭Ըң
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˵İôһ˵ȼһϣ̧ͷ͵͵Ƴһۣеϡ
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Ȼ
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˿˭ΰӦ÷ǳһҪСһ㣡
ǱӵʿȥǵڹľԵϿ𣬺һģʮĦ̵ĸ֡
·á˰һ䣬תƽؿϡ
˳»һһԵվڼյҲ̵ؼʱ׼Ӧ˵Ĺ
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֮ǰǱߵɵİʿ֮⣬һʮĦ̵ĸһ֣˼ɽĦ̵徻ʹ
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û뵽Ȼ㣬ոһǲģŮЦ⣬ָָʯͷõǲ˼鰡
죡޹أյ
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徲ɫ䣬һǰĦ̵ʥʩչγһ޴ĹܣǺһ档

Ħ̸ִıɵĸ֣ڷâ֮£ֱӱɱƬԭǸһѪɡ
ʵ൱ļĦ̵ĸ֣ûܵ徻ıӻڼͷŵĿ֮£һâ죬ʯͷһ˷顣
Ź֮
ǾԵƣֻа֮ĸ֣ܹӦ˼յĴݲУ
ܣֿ񱩵֮£Ҳʼѣ·ʱ鿪

磬и֣սܼҰϣͷȮħϵŮ˷ָܵïܹľԡ
罣һֱһü˫سһۣǹһĽǶȣŹʿеȤζֵҹȥˡ
һ䣬Ը˵ͷȮħȥ



357 
徻λסȫʩչγһ޴ޱȵĹܣڣҫĿѤãһİ롣
Ű۷֮д½Ҳǳ͵Ľɫǽȫע˹֮ڣܳΪʯ
Ȼڼͷų֮£ܶԵ֧穣ż󣬹ĹԽԽԣ·ʱᱬ鿪
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Ѿ˵ĹܣǾĹâע֮ͻȻͷųµĶĿԣĿޱȡ
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ֻһصĴߣֻΪһʱ򣬰ӦȥǺΪһֻǰһƬʵ
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գС򣬲ĦǧĽͳͺһɱڣȴŽĵЦݡ



360 绳
ĦʥĸΪǿƵŮˣǰֳ
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СӣһԯҲþͶô˲𣬸ոͻƵŹ֮Ѩûȫ͸ðȻѰ·ЦЦһ˫̶һ˫ڼյɨһۣͻȻٹʮأ˵ɱ㣬ҵҪôӳȥ
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ʦġԶ칧˳شһ䣬ִһâǰ·ȸˡ

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Ȼ⿪ڽһϤһ˶䣬Ϸֱݣ֪ɴŮɽս֮ϰ⡣
ǺһģˣԸͷȮħ϶ŲǳĹģѵ˵Ǳˣ
һ˫ɫ˫ңңżտһۣĵ̾һûд𻰡
Ϊʲô㵽˭߲ʺϼסļգһ
ΪʲôΪʲôܹɱʥĸǺЦӦ÷ǳҪŶԣСڱôĲҰʲôطʲôطʿ꣡
һ⣬Ǿ죺ǰŮ
ϵɴڱ⳶Ȼֳ
գŮ˶еͪ壬ɫĳɫͫѩļȻͰòҪڣȼ̫֮ļ̱漡
֪ԼҲûȥıҪˣǹһĿЦͷǱˣ㡭Ӧǵˡ
ֱʱ򣬼ղ֪ΪʲôһֱԼݣŶ⣬ֻҲǿɬ֪ӦҪӦ֪ԼӦδ֮Ĺϵ

Ȼ䣬ǰһĹ֮£ԵޱȵǱÿһ̶бɱĿԡ
һʱº⣬Ȼ˿Լ߲ʺϼ͵Լ꣬ͻȻ䣬һͷݳγֱ챼ȥ
ֳ֮ʿӦ˵ģ£첻ò°תʼĴ
ʩڰܱߵĽ֮£ȫյ徻һæȥ죬һֵ
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ۿʥĸҪԼˣ⼱æħпܺ϶ΪһһħΪһ壬¼䣬ҲûʲôܹԼ˹ħǲ棬Ҳɱħ
һ㶣룬Ц޷һ죬һ취Ըǹħ
һ䣬ҲûȥͻȻ֣ű߲ʺļץȥץ򼧳յʱָָüޱȣâָ֮б̺ƺԳ֮ϡ
Ǽָ״͸Ӧýյ嶴Ȼָ׿Ҫ䵽ϵʱ򣬼յȻƾʧ߲ʺϼǶţеˣѾӰˡ

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ʱ򣬼յӰŻֳһȹڵĴ֮߳ڣ·һ硣
üͷһ壬૵ƾգСӣŹ֮Ȼְܹ壬ȻǸ
׼ֻ֣ǰһһѽǰץסˣȰӦֱӴǰ̫þ֮У˵Ӱ̫þ֮лȥ֮һȳĴ˲ˡ
̫þ޵Ź֮Ժ̫þ֮ǳˣ̫þ֮ʼֲˡ
ÿһ̫þͻһ֣ȵͻƵʮ֮Ժ̫þ֮оǸʱ̫þͻΪһ磬̫þ
Ϊƾ̫þſԴõ߲ʺϼ֮ӳʱ̫þ֮УȻѲˡ
ֻһպͰʧ٣֮ǰ˳徻ɵˣʥĸΪûϵѾֶΣһʱûзӦҲոˣˡ
徻үү쿴徻Ƿɽʬ壬ϵһԳŨĳ֮⡣
徻С۰죬ĦУãһֱҲ徻үү徻ǰн޵˹
ҺҸһǰ׼ʥĸһº顭ۿӿˣɫ˵
һ˵ҪҳһҪֹ˵ѾȽոɱˡ
˵ͷҸ磬ҵҸ磬ǻǹʥɽ
ʥɽɫ΢䣬ͻȻʲô֪һȻʥɽǶСӿ϶ȥʥɽˡ
һ꣬ģӰѾʧˡ

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Ѫڹʥɽڲںڰʥɽ֮УѪۻѪڣһ޴Ѫ뽫סΧһ֮ĸ֣סչڵѪһ㣬ǵ֮Ѫ۵ָָ쵱С
Щ֮ĸ֣ȻĦ̵ģһЩɵˣмȻǸѪһӶĸߡ
һѪЩʿ֮ЩǾ֣ܹظоԼһԼȥЩĻ
Ѫ۴Ӷļˣſ̹ĵĳޣζ󲻵Ѫ֮ƽţǽºͺЦѪۣὫǵѪΪԪĲ䡣
ܿأһѪȫ۷׵Ѫ۵ǰ
ÿһȥѪ۵ɫͻϼ֣Ѫ۵Ϊ£һʿѪȫѪ۵ǰ

ѪۻЩδͻȻվڰɽܱһСʯͷɽҫĺڡ
Ѫǰһξ룬˱ƵסһѪ۹޵ĵ͵ͭһ޴۾֮Ƿ
ϧ屻סܹѪ
ұ㣬׼׸û취ұˣҪǿѪҺָѾ˵ˣѪָҪ֣͹Ǽհɣ£ϧˡѪҡͷֳ̾һָ
˶ıǿ֮УѪȪӿֱѪ۵ָӿʼһʧ



362 ֱ
֮Уײкɱһ̷·ʧӰˣֻʣ¶
Ҳ԰ɣ֪˵ĻѪɹ˵ЦݣȻһ˫Ѿ˳ɫУΪζֱ䣬һ˿һʴȣԽ֪ʹ࣬ҲŻԽ죬ռעϵʹ࣬ϣܹϵõһЩС
Ѫ˻ɽĻȴһ㶼档
һѪıǿ֮ðݳͨѪ۵ָѪ۵֮УһţѪ۵ɫȴԽԽˡ

䣡
ɽ֮УͻȻ춯صıըһ֮ݺݵغɽ֮УʥɽɽڴڵķʼҵĶ
ɽ֮еĦ̺ڰһϵĸ֣Щ֮иӦ˵˵ϮЩԭڰ֮Ħ̵ĸ֣һˣһʼʱǶûзӦֻ֣ʥɽ淢˵
ʲôط
Ħ̵ʥأһʿɣǧĦ̴ַǰΪǿʱҲֻܹ海ĵĦ̵ķʥɽǡ
Ħ̵Ľ¼ûκһɣûκһ˸Ħ̵ʥңˣ洫һ춯صĺɽ֮еķĶʱЩĦ̵Ľͽһʱ仹ǲ̫š
ǸŻ˵ĦΪ
Ȼɽ֮еĳԽԽǿɽ֮еʯͷʼĴ䣬һʵ΢ĵӷ׷ױ͵Ժ
Щɽ֮еĦ̺ڰһϵĸ֣ʶεĲ
ͻȻ䣬ɽ֮ڴһЩĦ̵ĸԷ֯ʼѰ˵ټҪһеĵ˸ҳ
䣡
ʥɽڷ˾޴ıըֿ֮˹ʥɽ֮ڣ˹ʥɽÿһ䡣
ʥɽ֮ϵʱ˶ԷֹʥɽȻڰǿ⣬ǿڹʥɽʥɽڲûںһμطָȴһͬĿֲ
ò˵Ħ̹ʥɽȷ£ڸֿĳ֮£ֺڰ׹âϵŤ仯ţγǧϡŹֵķȻĹ

ڹʥɽ֮ϣܹ̫ͨþеļգмΪջ𣬹ʥɽ֮еĿռ䣬϶ʥĸķֽţǹʥɽ֮ſԷֱֹӿռ䴩
޷̫ͨþֱӽУշͽԼŹ֮ȫӳһδȭ׵Թʥɽпը
һΣȭ׵̶ȵķ˳ڵԪѪԪ֮еںһԾξ˵ķʽ޼᲻ݡ
ʥɽĺڰ֮ȭһȭ͸ˣָĺڰ֮ϵͷųͺڰӲǽһδεȭ׵
һʥɽϵر飬һʥɽ·ʱһ㣬ȻϸȴᷢʥɽȻҡҡ׹ȴʼղ
ʥɽĻ̴ǹڰں֮Ĺⰵ֮ʥ磬âͺڰһǧԪۣ̺ǳĿֲǾŹ۷֮ǿߣҲܹһӾͽⰵ֮ʥݻ٣ѡ
ڽʥɽĹⰵ֮ʥݻ٣ڽеļգôһ˵һʥĸ϶Բ²֮ܿǰҲܹӹʥɽ֮дȥͻ᳹ɥʧˡ
Ǻڶʱ佫ⰵ֮ʥݻٵġ⡭Ҳûа취鰡ͬΪżȴΪ

УҾԱķұҪɱ޹ΪܹȳҲòñķˡڵĦ̵ȫаˣҾ͵ǽˣ
ʲô
ڻԪ֮зݳ׼ȷ֮Ŀ˼յϣԴϷһסֲҲֳˣյȫסˡ
һϿʼıԼ̬Լ仯Ϊ״ʼǰķתꡣ
Ԫڰ̣棬ףҪڵ̶ȵķӳҪУҲֻſɽڷӵ쾡¡
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Ҳһ̣˹ʥɽѪۣ˱ѪŰ
еĺ⣬ɽһ˲ȼˣ̵ְ漼׷дڵ꾫۽ӣŹʥɽʼɱ
ʥɽĹⰵ֮ʥ磬ԴһԪžԵķȻԴֻĹⰵ֮ʥԵЩ·ˡ

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ڶֻ꼼ãǣʹ֮꼼ЧǿԽʹ꼼Ӳ屶ϣ
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һּΪֲ
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һͼҪӰ죬ǱΪūˣ֮ڼյɱͷͻϱˣϰеͷ£Ա
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ͻȻ䣬Ħ̵Ĺʥɽ־ûˣһ¶Ħ̵Ľͽȫˡ
Ƿ֣ԼߵѣܻͻȻԼ͵ϮŹҲ᲻ҪضԼչɱ¾һͽԼ֮Ħ̵˶ʼˣ
ҲûʲôֵΣ˶ҪԱһԼ˿Ҳ룬ͻ۵ؽԷɵ˿
ʥɽĦ̵ĽͽͻȻһţΣûбʹ֮꼼Ӱ죬ȴɱһ˷ûʹ꼼ˣеľ޴־֮£Ҳʼ֪Լ˭ˡ

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һĦ̵ĸֳɽ֮УлһӶ£Щʹ࣬ԵĿ־壬ǵĶȴݶޱȣһû飬ֱѪɱ
Щ֪ѪžŹ֮Ҳ֪Ѫº飬ȴҪسѪ۳ɱһʿ
Ѫʱ˶ѪգһɻӦЩ˵ĹŭЩ˵ôˡ
ϧЩȴһͣηسѪ׷ɱЩһֶĦ̵ĸ߲㣬һǸѪʮľɲѪ֪ƣֶзִ磬ʹɱ֡
ЩʮľɲԺ嶫ȫطɱԺǿҲûа취ڶÿһطָˡ
ԣѪ۲Żǡ

䣡䣡
һ춯صıըӹʥɽ洫Ħ̵ĽͽһʥɽϵĹⰵ֮ʥ繥ڲⰵ֮ʥ磬ͬΪĦ̵Щ˳֮󣬾ȻնƲ˵Ĺⰵ֮ʥݻˡ
ⰵ֮ʥˣûһⰵ֮ʥӭԼ˵ϮͬΪһⰵ֮ʥڶԴԼ˵ʱƺԲڳ鿪ˡ


εȻɽ֮УѪæӦµʱһεȻѪ۵֮УѪۻδָƣּˡ
ֳȭףչ֮ɽ֮г֣ȫۼȭ֮ϣɽ֮һλѪۣʥɽɽʼڲɽ֮еķȭ׵֮£׷ױ˺ɷ顣
ΣǾӲˡЦ
Ѫ۲׼𻰣ͻȻԼ׹һĿռ䣬֡Ȼʧȥ˺д½ϵ


363 ɱѪۣ
ѪȻҲھŹ֮ѪصؼϾд½Ѫصؼ֮Уûйռ䷽
ˣȻڼ֮ǰŹ֮ȴøԼŹ֮ƾγһµĿռŻôı
ΪˣѪһ̫þȥԼʧȥ˺д½ϵԺϾͿʼˡ
ܹƾγһռ䣬ȴؼǿ֮Ŀռ֮ڣվܵ
û㹻ռݻ٣ûͬķ˺ѿռȥֻܹռ䴦ƣֱ˸һĥΪռߵķ²
Ѫ̫þ֮ڣԼѪصĸؼһһʩչͼǿֱӽ̫þ顣
ϧѪصؼȴû󵽿ɽһԵ͵ķ
Ѫصؼʩչ䵽̫þ֮ϣʯͶ뺣УȻ˾޴Ĳˣȴܹ󺣷ʲô仯һʱ̫֮þǻָƽ

̫þ֮УۿѪĿĶպʹؽƻЦûмųɱѪۡ
̫þ֮УԿʱţУд½֮Ѿûϵд½ʱţӰ쵽̫þ
ˣ㹻ʱԸѪۡ
ѪۼȻһҪ̫þ֮гȴֲԽ̫þ˺ѣȻֵɣֵÿһԼ
ܿأ̫þ֮кҹѪۣҲȥǰ취ˣֹͣ˶̫þƻת׼ӦյɱС
ܹ̫þƻûͬķ̫þ֮гֻнոɱһ·ˡ
һΪĿռȻҲʧȻκ˶֪Ŀռɱ˻ôѣѪûа취ĿǰΨһĻ·

շѪֹͣͽ޹ŬԺѪ۲ķڵѪһս׼ˡ
ʱѪһѾ˴룬ûȬѪۣ̫þ֮еȻ·һˡ
Ѫۣ˵ֹļƵˣĽǳɱúڶˣطеģյӰ̫þֳ֮
һ߰ɣ̫þ֮УزһУֽ仯Ϊ޾޴ķţֻǵСˡ
ӦԵǣңұԯѪ֮ľײûȤҪǲȥδ֣˵ԶѪس֣ȻǵͷˣȻҲˡ
ղԼ̫þ֮۵Ӵɿ磬еķŭΪӣ̫þŪ˾κ˰ľ޴仯Ȼ־޴ѹԸѪۡ
˵γɵĿ磬ֻõģȻѪ˵ȴʵڵġ
ЩֻǴγɵĿ磬̫þ֮ţغѪۡ
µǣǿף磬̫þ֮ж˿
ֻҪ£Щ̫þ֮еȻֺͻ׼ȷޱȵĻѪۣѪκһλ
֮ûһѣûһ衣
֮Ȼֺһһ콵ѪǱִѪ֣˲佫Ѫ۸ûˡ
ʱ򣬼ղ֣һӴļգͶ䣬ǻصȭ׵̫þ֮в˿ѪѪֹ
˵ѪۣôһĿռ֮Уûһ㻻ֵأ

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ȻѪ۵һ˫ͫǳɫ̺޾ļɺޣȴ˷ֺ
Цŵ˵ͷ૵ҵĳޣֹģΪ˷ֹĻᣬֻܹͽȥˣҪӡǳ׵ʧһһ㶼ûмҵĻᣡ
һ䣬̫þ֮нԪٻԪֵѪ۵ͷϣ̫þҵشݲѪۡ
ûãѪ۵飬ڵѪܿƵطڵѪƺҪ֮ѳ̫þ֮뿪
ȻһЦֵ֪ѪصطˣǵѪһ˵ѪһѪ̺֮ǵӲ곹׻ȥѪǲֹͣġ
ô˵ţվ׼ֽѪ۵ȸɱˡ
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ţӦ㽫Ѫ³ȫŶˣҲ˵ģԽǿˣ̳֮ԽܹŹʿʳˣ֪ʲôӣҸҿ϶һںù࣡
Ѫֳ־壡
ͻȻ˷ʱͣ˶Ѫ۵ʹɱ֣ʩչѪ۵ήҲ֮ڵȡʹ֮꼼һϢѪ֡
һ֮󣬼ͻȻ̫þʱд½ʱֻǸոչȥѡ

ͷһԼΪƣеİ˺͵ϲ¶ѵõƽͣģ㲻µģʧȥ˵Ķһӱ㡭
һУѪۻڵѪ̺ɢڼյ֮£Ѫ۵Ѹٷɵǰͣɭɭ޿ڴ
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۾ͻȻײеıܾζûκԥһڽѪ۵Уҿʼľ׽
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Ѫһ걻ݻ٣ڵѪͻѸɢ֮䣬ˣûɱѪۣȻӸ
ΪѪ۵̶ȵıסţһЩֽţѪ۵ʱס֮ѻɱ
Ѫ۱ϾžŹ֮ΪһϢҲֻܹʱʹ꼼ʹѪʵңڣҪȻֻܹȽѪ۵ȻٽѪ۵ʬ嶪
ҪĻѪڵͻۿۣҲָֻܹʧȥȴܹһ㣬һ


364 ʥɽ
ˣߣͻȻɫ΢䣬ҫһӣЩʩϵȫնˡ
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׼ϴӹʥɽ뿪ļգֽԪ˳Ԫ鶪˹ʥɽϷա
ͬʱճϻɫƴһ
еȺʱİһ䵽ϣ˷ָ֮Źʥɽе㿴𣿣
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ڽ죬ڼյĵ£ų˿ƵĹʥɽȻ־޴ı䶯Ħ̵ĸֱնɱʥɽҪҡҡ׹ˡ
սνǻԻ͵˼ˡ
߰ɣŮϾͻң᲻ϧһдԸǣһȥĽͽֹͣһлԵĻռæ԰
ͷġ
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䣡
ʥɽ֮У춯صıը
ǧĹʥɽշΪʥصĵطڳܲסʥɽڲıըȻˡ
ʥɽˣһò𺣬аϢŨʿһòȻһϢʿڹʥɽķ֮Ͻս
һƬĹʥɽ棬ʬ壬ʥɽ棬֪û˶ߡ
һЩʥɽĳʥߣڹʥɽĽãȻЩΪĹʥɽ˾Լǲ˵ط
һЩˣǱĿɿڴߣֱߵǱĹʥɽޣ˵˵һЩ翵Ļ
ʱǿڹʥɽ֮ϣ˽սţǱ߿ҵĴ䣬ܶսನ䵽棬һЩ̫ĳʥ߶Χɱˡ
Ħ̷Ϊһϵͺڰһϵһֱڰһϵɺڰ֮ͳ˧һϵǷΪ
ڹʥɽ֮еĺڰһϵĦ̵ĸ֣ԼҲĦ̵һӣ֪ԼݣҲ֪ڰ͹֮Ĺϵ
ȻЩĦ̹ϵĸ֣ȴֻк֪ڹʥɽڲĦ̵ĺڰһϵڡ
ΪЩбֹΪǿԽĦ̵湦ãûЩ͸¶Ħ̺ڰһϵ顣
Ħ̹һϵַҪԼΪſԣΪˣĦ̵ĴʥŮҲڽĦ̵Ļãﵽһľ֮󣬲ű֪Ħ̻кڰһϵĴڡ
ΪڰһϵĦ̽ͽǴӹʥɽɽµͨ£ټɽ֮лֽǵϢԣһϵĦ̵ĽͽͲ֪ڰһϵĴڡ
ˣʥɽЩڰһϵĦ̵ĸִʥɽڲ֮ЩĦ̾޹ĸ֣Щòļһﵱ˵˿ΪЩһĴڣ˹ʥɽĲҰ
ǹϵǺڰϵЩ˼յʹ֮꼼ЩĴңΧκչɱ¾
ôһʥɽȥ֮Ħ̵ĹһϵĸϽڰһϵ˵˵ˣʼչڰһϵ֪һģҪͣЩʹ꼼õͬķ񹥻֮£ǵġԼˡ˵һЦ
Ħһţڰϵ͹ϵĸַɱһΪһЩʹ꼼ĸ֣ϵϵҲչɱڰϵڰϵͬ֡
ңԵĻң
һĦ̵ĸһ֪ԼУһ죬ԪûɣĦ̵ˣûвԪĴڣȻѾߵԪȴչκô
ֱֱʥĸϢڹʥɽ֮Ԫĵ뿪ֻһ˲ʧӰ١

ͨԪ飬Ǳߵ־һһĵ׵ļգǹűЦݣԵİ㿴ŰɣһңĦٹһҲָԪ
˶ˣ˷ܵһĦǲǸࣿ
һ롱ЦЦڹʥɽ֮ģĦ̵֣ڰһϵ͹һϵĸ֣ɱһһĸ־ôˡٺ٣ЩԼˣҪȻһûа취Ħ̵Ĺⰵ֮ʥƿˣ
Ħ̹ⰵ֮ʥķȰ̵ѷɫ̫࣬վŹ֮Ϊܹⰵ֮ʥֺȫʩչǹⰵ֮ʥ綼޶ԡ
ⰵ֮ʥ粻νǿȻڶԴ˵ʱ
ǰĦ̵ǰˣζ벻ⰵ֮ʥ磬ձͬͬԴԼݻˡЦ̫˲˼ˣ
ȥˣߡղÿɷ΢ЦԪģذ̣ǹʥĸĴݹ١


365 
˵Ŀ⴫£մĦ̣ҽĦ̹ʥɽݻٵϢֿʼÿһӿ
һʱ䣬¸ɸ壬ڴ飬ЩһЩɼ壬;ʹֶĦ̹ʥɽ顣
ͬʱһϢѸӿĦ̺̫аħ½ħ֮Ĺϵ
Ħħ߷֧ѾͶаħ½ħߵϢһѸٴд½ʿ磬˵ɢ£ֻҪʿڵĵطⷽϢ¶
ܶ˶˵Ħ̽д½аħ½˵д½гһջΪаħ½磬ħֺС
˵д½ʿᱻаħ½ĸūۣ˵д½ؽΪһħֺе֮ء
һЩϢ̫֮ϣбĴ½֤ʵϢ
ܶд½ʿϢֻһЩߵĿԣأһЩϢ¶ܶжʼĦ
Ħ̴ɱ䣬ʥĸڽʥɽȥϢ֮¸ʿһԹۣһĦǷаħ½ϵĺûᣬġһЩ֣ҪⷽϢ
򱾵صʿɣĦܴش֮󣬿ʼӰ̵ʵһֱĦ̷ԸһЩɵ峤һ޾ΪʱٺĦϵĦ̵κˡ
йĦ̷Ϊϵͺڰϵ˵Ҳƽ֮дЩϢ˵ڰһϵһЩУָڰ֮ħɱ䣬ζԸʿɣѡһεʥŮ
ƽգһЩڹʥɽϵȷĦ̺ڰһϵĸ֣ϢԺڹʥɽϼʶЩڰһϵֵƽգĴԣЩֽԼڹʥɽϵķָ߱ˡ
ܿأĦ̺ڰһϵ飬İռĴ
Щƽ˵Ħ̺а˽֮󣬶˵ʥɽĵķŭ˵Ĺ񿴳Ħ̵а񣬲ŷŭʥɽȥ
ͬʱһЩԭĦ̵ĽͽʼԼ¶ԼУʹ꼼Щͽӹʥɽ֮Ĵ˵ЩĦһг¡
һҹʱ䣬ĦĿеĵλһǧɣЩʿɼ壬׷ƲĦ̵ĹϵԱչΪɣĦ̵˼档
һȭĦ̵ϣǧĴɿʼҡҡ׹
Ŀǰûгֵ侮ʯߡ
ʥĸĦ̣ʿɺǿߣЩ뷨Ҳֻܹš
ʥĸΪǿߣЩѾ˾ԵϣֻҪڣû˵
Ħ̽ɢĸ֣ʼټʥĸȷʾһеһУǰ̵ĶˣҪڽڽ̻ȥЩʩĦϵҥԡ
һʼټ֣ۼڰ̵ҪĦ̾һսļơ
һʱ䣬ǿɵĶԳ֣˹עĻ⣬һЩˣǷলľԱʿɼ嶼ٿʼһ»ᱻĦ̸̸ˣĬĬصȺš
Ⱥɵľս

һΡ֮ϣ޴ͷȮħˣа˫ĴѲš
ͷȮħϣᣬؿΪĹʥɽʹͷר־ָףһĲɵģ
磬ôʱ䣬㵽ûоһЩͷˣ̧ͷĺ̫ħϵĦ̽д½ĵˣǼĻҲΪ˵ĵˡһЩɺͼ壬Ҳ֧ԺжǻҪ𣿡
Ƴһۣĺ֮ǰ׶ļƲߣ֮ԻѡΪ׾ֻһŮˣɲ˴¡ǽפҲᱻɨسȥԺ£ġ
ǲǺħߺû֪ҾֻԯȶԸֶΡֻҪ̻ȥջɱҥ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬Ͼаħ½ʵ̫Զûжаħ½ܹӰ쵽д½
ҪƿҪԸľǿģ֮⣬Ҫ棬к־ŹʿҪ
ǣѾѱ˰׼Ħ̾ͻ߽⣬ĦѾʧȥģܶԭ֧Ħ̵ˣʼĦ̻ˡʱǺ̫˰
ΪˣǲҪǼպԯȵҲûܹѹƣ⣬ͻȻüǲǡǲʶСӣҷʱе㲻ԡ
ϾžŹ֮Ϊ˼ܣһʲô
ѾǰˡĬһӣŵ
˵ͷϣһ㣬ˣˣУǼպˣɱ岻ٵĸ֣Բܹһϣ
ͷãſɬס

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̵Ľͽûһ˷ܹ
Ħ̵ĹʥɽݻٵϢ֮󣬰̵ĽͽһʼһţֱɫؽĦ̵ϸ˵һ֮󣬰̵˲š
ǧĵһɣһֱѹǵĦ̣ʥɽݻ٣һĸ˹ʥɽ֮С
ϢܲЩк޵ļһϲ
һʱ䣬̵ʼ޴ĻЩյܵ˵ĻҪ̵ĻԻ͡
ڰ̵ĵλͻȻι̵ͭǽһ㣬κֻҪ˵һ伧յĲǣҵļ
֪䣬ڰ֮УѾҳˣܶ˶Ϊ̵ΨһϣЩŲŽŹ֮սʤѾ߸ʥĸˡ
ˣպͰ淵ذ֮ӭһӭЩͽһߵǶֱӸߺ񡱣

֮µĵص׹֮С
ϥǶĬĬؿӣѪڵԴĦ̵ĹʥɽԺһֱѪϵ
ڵǿʢʱҲʼԽԽ겻ˡ
ղҷɣΪѾʼѪ۵ӴѪˡ
֮ǰѪ۵ڱ֮Ѫ۵ѪʼѪ֮С
ѪǾŹʿ֮оӴԪѪ֮еǸӵǿ
ѪصؾڵѪ֮УڼյĿΪ£Ѫ۵ѪԱûж©ؾͱʳˡ
Ѫ۵Ѫ֮еʵ̫ǿһЩϹŵޣҪôף
ˣ֮УΪ˷ֹѪ۵ѪᷴɣղòһֱסѪ۵꣬Ѫؼ
һֱһȡѪѪ̲֮صѪһʱ֮ڣ꽥Ӧʹ꼼ҲԼʼ
֮£ʹɱ֣Ѫ۵׺ɱѪѪһͷųһա
һյķǳѣʱʱҪѪķɡ
ʧȥѪѪƺʱ׼ɱ˵ѪѪѪ֮еʱá
ҪѪ֮еĨȥȴֵѪۿۣϸ˼֮󣬲žķӦ֣һǳܲסģϰѪ֮Ѫ۵Ĩȥ
ĻȻܹѪѪ֮еȫȥٿԱ֤˺
̵ĵص׹֮У۾ؿѪѪһ㶼ҷɡ
ʱѾȥˣȴԽԽ겻Ȼ̬ûʲôı仯ֻԽԽǿѡ
û۲ĵֻҪ̬һ仯ֻҪ̬֮Ѫ۵Ϣϳ֣Ѫ۵ѪȫĨȥ
ʱҴңֹʱ䡣
ԽԽ꣬ҲԽԽǿϵۼ׿ʼ絶һǾ޴еĹ˫ѪɫʣײС
ͬʱѾʼ𽥷˱仯ʱ򣬼ոоĵڵѪ۵ѪѾʧˡ
ֹ졣
ȻѪ룬ѪѪʩչĳѪصؾѪ뽫ȫסˣ·һҪĲӼ
ң̬ȻҲʼ仯ˡ


366 
̬һ޲û̫ȻбȽϸǻ۵һ࣬Ȼȣǻۻѷɫ̫࣬ԶԶﲻĽթԳᱻֶ񶾵ķ㡣
Ѫ۵ʳѪѪ֮еһգѪƺѪ۵һǻۣЩںУȻ̬ʼ˱仯ˡ
Ȼֱ仯ǳǻ۵Ľ
ոоõʶǿ֮еͷһӶ
һ˵޵ͷǳ٣û̫ิӵĶЩͷֻм򵥵Ĺˡ˵ȵֱ۵ı֣ȴûıı˼롣
Ȼһʶǿʹ֮еͷһӶʮһ޾Բӵеͷʼ֮г֡
ͽȻһһʼʱѪ۵ѪҪǿռ꣬ȡʶ仯һѪۡˣǳţڽԼɢΪǧ˿ƽԺ֮С
ͼҳĵطֹѪѪ֮еͬԼĨɱѪ۵ȡ
ϸһ£շǽԺ֮еѪѪеûǿռʶѪѪ֮еͷȻ࣬ȴǿ󣬵ԶԶԺ֮еʶͷ
ˣΪ£꽫Щͷסһһֽ⣬ʹЩͷԺ֮еһ֣Ϊá
һΪı仯

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Ժ֮еͷԽԽ࣬ЩͷΪһ壬̬淢˱仯ú֮òôô޶ˡ
ͬʱЩϵѪ룬Ҳı仯
Ѫۼ׽һ𣬹һЩʱ䣬ѪԽԽһְɫɫƺ͸ۼ׵УʹۼףȻ˼ְɫ
ôһ̬嶼ٵķһЩ仯
̬ı仯˾棬ʹڲͬ˵̬˸ıѾǽˡ
꣡꣡꣡
ͻȻڴڵشŴһ˫˶ǳ͵ĿżգɲĴ죬ݷ絶ݷ϶֮УſԽ帯õľ綾
ȻһδôԴԼʱֶôơ
ۿ»ָ˾񣬼ǰһߵǰĶͷ΢Цģûµģٹһʱ䣬ñǰҪģǺúЩѪ
ҡ֪ллл㣡
ͻȻ䣬ֲ֮УģĻ
Ϊ֮һǲ˼Ĺâ㣬ڽ
Щȷ
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ĺܺãĺܺãҴû뵽㾹ȻԿڽ磬㾹Ȼˣҽˣ
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˵ЩͬʱȻֳ˼Ȥϵ׷һЩϸڣѯЩѯڰ׹ǵʲôһЩܹ뵽е⡣
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ҿģҵȣҲ߹ңҲܹ뿪ǶҪǶܹƻǶȻļһ
ļһ𣿡
ûУȴ֪Ҵӳ֪ˣ֪ܹ˽붾̶㣬ֻˣ붾̶棬֪ǰܹȥڣȴˡ
һЩģĻƺ򼧳ս¶˶̶ͼԯĹϵÿһҵԯھŹ֮Ժ󣬶ʧ٣᲻Ƕ̶µ֮йأ
ͻȻ䣬նǶ̶µֵ֮ĺ֮ģ޲ھǰ̶̶浽ʲô֮
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ˣûʮİգҲǶһңңδķ򣬰¶˾ġ
ÿһԯھŹ۷֮ʧŹ۷֮ǰԯܴǶǸطҪôͨһ磬ҵԯԸҪôأʹǰԯˡ
ﵽʲôҪ


367 ռ
ȵɳĮС
һˣڵĳۣȫסȵɳĮ֮лǰС
ͻȻ䣬ΪһͻȻͣԶɳХĹŹ֮أſҵĴ罫ɳӴ죬Ŷϴһ֮Х
һɳľ޴ӣǰǾ޴ʯһŤţеâðݳ֮䣬ؼԪɢ
ɳ֮УԼɲͬϢһϢޱȣһϢǣԵ÷ǳ졣
һǰ˼ֱض۰׹ǣ׹ǹ޴󣬾Ȼʮ׳֪ϹʱڵʲôǿޣЩ׹ǱضǣϷ֨֨졣
ͻȻ䣬һ˾һָǰôܣ
ǰһߵƯŨҵĻ棬µĻǵأƺҪﶼոɾ
һߵգǱǣһ޴ļôͣϣͶĻնӦ
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һˣһɺǰ֮н֯һ޴ޱȵг˺ͺʹΧĿ׷ױըֲ֮ᵴȥ˷ȥ
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Ϊ׵һˣϵɴһžڻɳХֳ֮üԶԶ˿һۣǳ⣺ʲôֻĵ£ԽԽֻҪǲҪ쵽ģʲô顣
ʦΪʲôǲҪȥ̵𣿡ȥɴ󲻽
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СӱĴﲻ˶೤ʱ䣬һȥģڴ֮ǰҪһ顭ǺЦźγɵľ޴УҪΪǵѴ򿪷֮š
ǿռһ˵ռֻ·һΪû֪ͨδĿǽûһ˿أֻܹԶڵԪľĿռС
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ǻҲһ̧ͷؿһ顣
ЦͷǵȷħһУϰĦᾭħߣһѾõ֤İɣǺħ߱һ壬Լˣ֮ǽд½ΪҪΪҽıø棡
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֪ΪʲôܹôŹ֮𣿡ˣʥѪҵÿһԯ֮ǿȫΪʥѪã
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ȻһЦһǴӿռʲôʲô£Ƕᱻɱʱʥ޵ͻƵʮ֮
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ҵ׷˫Ǿϲ֮⣬ߵݡ
һҲǰͷͽʦ֮
ţܺãص˵ͷĸΪһһʱڣ׼κ˿һ˹ɱۣ
һͷǡ
ֶǼҪעǶˣŷһǾ޴ȥнʧټ

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ϥ֮ϵԲ̨һշſ飬һδεسԺ͸Ϊһ壬ǣΣҲҲָоˡ
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ȷԽ̸֮ȴܹһǰӦõˡ
Ϊ˶ԸѾ뵽ֿܣͱԴ֮ͨˣѪ۵ϣܹ֮ǰá
ɼûаնԸֻǾܹǿڰ̵֮Ա
ˣԪ͸ֺԪһİ壬ܹԸ

һδγԣһδʧܣȴƶᣬһһسţϣܹؼԪͬڹؼʱõ
֮غһһУԼجج
ڼɳĮģڿռֹҪֹ
Ȼ䣬һζʶڼԺ֮γɣսʼѡ
˭ãȻʵ
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368 
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ȻѹԺ֮ʶصڰ׻ͷϵ֮صɳĮģǿռ֮оޱ䷢
׻ûϸིʲôȻͨ׻ͷȴ֪׻˵ʥĸʥĸһڼ֮صɳĮ˼£ҪȻ׻ͷ
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Բ̨վûеȼٻͰͼľϾӭ
ʲôˣͼɫһ䣬Ե÷ǳš
ͷŻˣ˵Ҫڽ֮һˣĦ̵ĸ֣һʱҲڳ߸κ˶֪Ħ̺Ͱ̵սⲻˡ
ȻѾôʱ䣬ʥĸûйľ޵һжɻܾʲô׵
ڵǣϣʥĸһڰ̣ѾȺãĦ̾һս׼
Ħ̵ԽǲԽǽţ֪Ħ̰Щʲô
ҪҪȥ
Ƴ˰ͼһָָۣ֮أüʵǼɳĮģûʲôطȽ⣿
˻һͼɫ΢΢һ䣬ؽڼɳĮģȷһǳĵطǵطշǳص㣬һǻ𺣣һǼȵͺһγһ޴С
ͼǱߵĹһ飬ľ޺ͰҲԲ䡣
ǵطΪĽأǵطͨ⣬ЩһЩ˽ǸУͼд½ֱӽ޾֮СЩδУͱ֮ʳɷˡ
ľɫȻǸ֮л᲻ϵرֿµҲȥǶңҿСһܹ֮УǣһΪҪĵʮ֮߰ˣҲðգ
֪ðս棬ϧȴ˻һ·ͨռӦ֪һ˽ռ֮УʲôĽģ
ľôһ˵֮ȰĽǶҿҲƽ˵˵Զʧǿռ֮УĻȻʡǲٵ顣
ռһ㶣Ĭԡ
ӹǶ˵ڿռ֮²ⶾ̶Ĺ֮أ˵Ҳһ֪ͨδĿռ
һ˵ռ򶼻ҲһУʮа˾ŻĿռ϶֮УԶܹӿռ϶֮ѳûԪĿռ϶֮УһؽڵԪĥֱҲͬľ
һŹ֮ĸֿ֣ռ϶֮УҲֻһ·
ȻеĿռ˵ĻңЩռγǧ꣬ᷢĳı仯ԳΪͨһĴڣͨڣֱӽһ½һ֮ͬС
ֹʱѶϢԺпһ飬ȻһȻ뵽һԣеʥĸ׼ʲôаħ½˽ɣ
˵һЩĴ½ˣʱǳо˵һЩˣѾʱĻңͨʱһ½ȻлֵѺͽơ
Ѿаħ½ħϵһ㼧ͨħߵһ٪Ѿõ֤аħ½ħ߸ϵˣ϶аħ½Щʲô顣
ΣҪħߵҪħߵĸֽд½ϾܹͻƵʮ֮ˣ޷ֱ޾֮С
ôڣаħ½Ҫд½Ǿֻһˣÿռ
ͻȻ䣬հյ˼Ҳ²²ǿռ򵽵ҪЩʲô
ã˿ռһ׼ͨǶаħ½ĸŪһħߵĸֽд½д½ĻˣȻɫľ޵˵ʱҪٶȸǱߣϣüϣֹܹ񹲷ߵ
һ䣬ľްͼǶ˵ϴз˳ȥһ㣬ֱż֮ضһ˲ʧټ

ҹ̹ǵɳĮ֮С
ͷȮħХţҹɳĮ֮дɱ䣬ɳĮ֮Ыβʨץ˼ڴá
һɳϷüͷԶԶҲ֪ʲôҪߵֱɱ̲ˣôʱ䣬Ů鷳
ͷǳĬ
ҪǹȥɣԵ
һãȻո˵ʲô
Ȼû
һԵЩã˵ǹȥʲôôʱҲûһֱȺӻǴ󰡣
̫ðɣüͷȥʱ򣬷ǳصضǣ׼ǹȥ˵ǵطĦ̵ʥأֻĦ̵˲ſԽ룬ðȻȥܻ񡣡
ʥأмǵʥأѾݻˣʥҲֵ̫Ǯ˰ɣ
һ£ǿһ㣬һҸܵľ棬һͣȻʲô˼
ƺ¶˾ģҲûмȰ裬˵ͷǺðɣȥҲС

ͬͬɳĮ֮У֮صϷһҲڱҹ֮ǰߡ
̤н꣬ǹŵЦݣһ̤ǼԶһҶӣظ꣬յµʯǧ쵰ΪͻƵ˾Ź֮ж˲𣬾ȻӶ͵Ϯˣ
˭˯һˣ㵹ùʯǧٺ⣬Ц˵Ϲ˵ˣǾ쵽ǿռпϹһʱܻдǶ̰˯ȻҸһôʱ䡣
˵Ѿ˿ռ֮ˣٳһЩǾʲôˣ
ʲô䲻мϹˣⱲӶҺϹ֣ҲֻܹħߵߣϹɱ˲٣оͰħߵľŹʿħߵĸˣҲܹϹֵʲôˡ
һĻϹ£аħ½ĸ־ĻҿϹҲסаħ½ȫħߵĸ֣Źʿ˵ʮһһ룬Ǿ͵øϹһܣʯǧٵ
⵹Ҳǣаħ½ǵطƺŹʿȷ٣˵ħεĿһֻŶ̤ʮ֮ˣħߵĿд½ϹҲҪԲˡһ£˵ͷǵȷҪһˣҪħߵĸһһķųҶҪŵù

ˣͻȻǻ۷ڿռɳվɫȻ˺רԸǵġ
ʥŮ죬һϾ۾ؿʼܣҪѰ˵Ϣʱ׼֡

ЦЦԽԽߣըһɳĮ֮кɳЦһ𣬾Ȼ׷ױ鿪΢ϸɳըȻҵ
˭ǻ۷ɫһ䣬ſߺȡ
㣬ͻȻЦ˾ˣôϻЩɣ˾õˡ
ã
ɳһ޴ĻצطŵǰɳɵĻ֮ϣȻվһۣͷʹڵĿӢӣ⺺ӿֻʮ֮ͣ˫ؼ䣬Ͼԡ
ǰڣЦ
ǻ۷ɫȻһ䣬ϸ󺺿˼ۣһξŹ֮
ʮǰѾͻƵŹ֮ˣִ꣬ۼػʥĸһս챾ǰȿһǷʵųֵǿĻЦ
˷ʱˣʦѾȥˡһЦȻվһ
סЦ϶֡


369 
ڻɳĻ棬ЦһУɳһɻֻ̧֮䣬һƬĻɳһһɻ
ЦţӻϷأصмڳֱХȥ
ɫ䣬ϽĦ̵ؼʩչվһ𣬽Ħ̵Ĵӡһ޴档
һХݺݵسǴӡϣǴӡײĹâ䣬һʱĲ
ʥŮΪʲôǻ۷ֲϵؽӡ֮һ貵󣬻˴ӡϡ
ǹ˵΢ЦĦʥĸλãҲأʦԶֲѽ
ûоŹ֮㼴λã˭㣿ûʥĸֻᱻ̸׻ʥŮΪʲôִԲ򣿡ǻ۷ǳ⡣
ɫͽȻƽĽĽȻͬγΪʥŮģˣе˶ڰһϵпɱҽʱļĨȥҽ˷ӡѾǵСʱ֪˭ҵĵˣ
սڵĹأұҪͺڰ֮ӳΪһԣֻϣܹµĺڰ֮ӳʦ֪Ǻڰ֮ӣȴΪʦĶӣȴҵ飬˵ǽǧĹأԲܸı䣡
ɫԽԽ䣬ЦȻˣֻܹʦȥֹܹµķҾԶΪѡõˣҲֻˣҲܹõĦᾭҳлŹ죬ʮ֮
캮ɱǣ
һֱ֮䶼ֹͣսȻʥĸ֣ȴĵ˿
һҪռͬģҲһҪ뽮֮УŹͬĵˣ˽ʹЭ顣
ǾȥЦ
һ޴Ļһһһֻһ˲䣬ʮ޴ĻȻһ
һɣʵʵɳţצسڴӡ֮ϡ
ڣһ޴γɵĴӡȻ鿪ǹҫ
ϵĻȻעǻڣͻȻſڣ͵ؽĦ̵ȫ븹УĸһһĺһӹǻھƽϢ
ЦţһץƵľӨ͸֮꣬ڡ
죬ӦõģĦ̵ط㽫ǵȡ˰ɣ˶ڰ۷֮ĦᾭһУ꣬ʱͻƵ۷֮練ƣõĻһὫҲ㣬ͻƵŹ֮Ц
콫꣬СƵˮƿ϶˽ĵЦݣǵؿһۣЦӯӯģֻҪҳĦ̵Ľҿ϶ŵԣȻұҪĻʺ󣡡
ΪĦ̵ĽһֽĻʺϵԺΪһ壬Ǻγ²ɣЦ
ȥˣʱȣ㻹Щ뿴ɡ΢΢һЦһһжеģ
ţ˵ͷʩǻϵջأȵǻֳΪɳԺеĿռټʧ
ԭһӰʧ󣬲Цؽװǻ۷ˮƿȡһˮƿϣȲؾʹǻ۷Լˡ

磬ǰߣĦ̵ʥˣǲӦͣͷȮħϣüͷЩĵ
ᣬһûиоϢӦòʲô飬ֻҪûͣ϶޷
ô˵ţһŶͷȮħϡ
ͷȮħأ̵سǿռķȥȲ̫죬ֲ̫
ף
ͻȻͷȮħͶϣͷȮħ͵һæͣ
磬ô
̫ԾԪޱȣϢΪ죬ǡǡͻȻռһռ򣡡
һŶͷȮħϡ
ŸոͣͷȮħ۵ĺһһ˳ȥһͷĻɳ֮С

죬㡭ǣкһۿϥǶǻ۷ԼΪ졣
ͻȻˣһʱЩʲôĦ̵ʥŮǻ۷Ϊ棬ʲô
оĹâһţͣеĶɫû͵Ϯʦʦɱǻ۷ʦҵģϣܹԼ
һ˵ޱȵȻ˭쳣
ʲôȻվһٴеģѵѵ˵ǺѾһѹͻȻˣ
˵ѵľ裬׷ʣȵһҡ
ΪȵĲͷˣҲùĦ̵£һǿռ˿ЦռѵĦ̵ʥأĪɣĦ̵ʥ򲻳ɣǳ֮Ⱑ
洫Ħ̺аħ½ħһУд°ɣ˵ǰռ׼аħ½ĸֽ廰ʹ˸ɫʾйŹ֡
ҡҲ֪Щͽܵģֻ֪¡ͷһ̾һεģʦġҪаħ½ĸֽд½ұˡǲͬġ
ռýȥսһҪǺȫ棬ǾòˣаϼţԻ

ְ
ǺЦһ磬Ȼ䵽˵У֪û٣Ҫаħ½˹Ҳ׼βܣ
һͻȻ֣Щˣô˵Ħ̻Щϵ㻳Ҳ׶֣Ųġ
Ȼȴǰ̵ĽĦ̣ҲɱΪܻΪĦ̵ʥĸûвɱɡ
գΪһʤңɱս죬ϴǱؼ˵ģ޹أ

ְ漰ʱǺǣ
ʯǧɫɢǺһЦشӻɳֳʯǧǿֿ˿գǼÿҾ㿴ǿԵҲڵģǺǡ


370 ʯ
һʯǧٳ֣ԾûϵʯǧپȻҲͻƵ˾Ź֮һԯʱʯǧٽ֣֪˵Ŀ£ʯǧٽ˾Ź֮ζд½ϣֶһǿС
ʯǧھŹ֮ҲھŹ֮ŹʿһߵȻΪ֮һ䡣
ƳʯǧһۣɫǲͽܰɣߣұʹһȥҪ㣬û뵽㾹ȻԼģһգһ㣬һὫȫɱ
Ŷ𣿡ʯǧٲ˵ȽͼյǸʱ㻹Ļҵǲ档
ʯǧٵͻȻϣһʯǧٵ˶ȻǱˣǿϧˡ
ʯǧٵӣƺǳȤǹڣ֪Щʲô˼
սʯǧٵɫ۵ףͻȻЩԽʯǧԽò˳ۣʯǧ٣ʲô
ãҾãʯǧ߹ճվǿռһۣʥĸҪаħ½ĸֽд½Ħ̱д½ʿĵˣһǰ㼧սֻ֣ϣֹܹ£
ʯǧôһ˵Ȼһˬȴ÷ˣ׻ĴѶյȻˣǲһռȽˣ
Ҳôġˣ㼧գҶǺȤ棡ʯǧЦ
˿ʯǧ٣ֿ˼գ׼˵ʲô磬ԴΪأ
ڵͷ˺ߣȰˣˣ
²˳٣ӦЩռɹˡ
һ˲ٶ˵ʲôԭ׼ֵļգҲʱͷĵֻֽа֮Ϊʵ⣬ʱвȽɱʱƳټ֡
ôţϵϢǿռȥ
Եʱ򣬼ͻȻͣһ£ףһۣص̾һżǰȥ
⽿΢΢һæͷȥһ߶ˣǼԯǵˡ
ɫᣬؿżգһռƳʯǧ٣Ӱȴһ
ʯǧˣǵ⣬ȽռԺᱻΣգˣͣҪȱľŹʿȽȥ
ʯǧٺͺˣ֪鼱ȣҲûΪ˼һۣǺЦڼ֮һ˿ռ
ֱֻʣŷݺݵͷȮħͷ­СҪи̣ӵ޽磬ҲҪƤǣ
ͷȮħĺˣؿͷ
һֿһۣľ绹˺󣬲ŶⶣСĵ㡣
İɣҵĶ֣ͷȮħĻҪĻ죬ġ⿴죬ɫ
ЦæʾҶӾû˿Ķ⣬үġ
ٶ˵񾯸죬ַſȷܱ߲иֳֺŶ֣ǽռ

໥γɵľ޴Ум̺֮żΪµԽǳǾ޴пԽСĽ
̫֮УõҫʱʶĿֲ֪֮ռȻ̲żΪµգһ˿׽ˡ
ΪˣղŷǳĽһ㶼ҷɡ
һǾ޴֮Уγһ֣ȫ档
Ǿ޴֮к˶Գγɵһ֣ͻϱըΪǹĴ䣬ֺܹ
һУ֮иӦ˿ռ֮лûκεĹɣ˴˼໥ϵײţÿһײᱬǿҵ
໥ײıռĹ켣Ȼ仯һ˵ǿعޱȿֲģΪһ㣬ղûðȻ룬һǰС
ʯǧٺ˲ظţԶĺ棬ɫ
˵ϢһһĵףۿʯǧٺͺԼӽаòӿٶȣֵ߷һͷײ˿ռ֮С
һ磬⵽˸ĹâһһĹ߾һ𣬳˷ȥ
˸ĿĿռ䵱Уһ޴ޱȵʯûκιķţЩʯÿʱÿ̶ײһʯھ޴Խһʿ˲ɱ
һʯ֮󣬻Ϊι״ĴСȵʯ飬Ų֪ȥܻд½ϳǡ
һЩ޴󣬲̺йʯ໥ײһ֮󣬻˲ڿռըһ׵֪ͨδȴγ̫ʱ䣬ڱը֮ʧ
һصĿռֻǴһܱߵձһæȫʩ棬ؿռĴ
Щ߷ŵʱһ֣վͻһɢ١
ʯ֮еļգ󴸺еķἱ
Žռһڸĳ֮£־ͿҪס鿪ˣò棬άֵת
ôһѾһɶԪ
ֱӽռ򣬹Ȼһ飬ּЧȴſֲĴݲѹ˶˵ʮ֮Ҫͼ޾㡣
Žôһռ򣬼ʱ䣬ڵԪһɶֱ࣬ӽ޾ֻ·
а£νԼãʼſ飬Ѱټ
䣡䣡
ǰһ޴ʯ󷽣֮Ľһ޴ʯ֮²ϵתš
ɨһۣշһʯҪȶ嶼Ҫ޴࣬ôһд½ƵϾ޷ʯʱȴһ޴ݣ֮ҵת
ʯ󷽣СӰƴսһˣȻʥĸ
ʯǧ֣ңңǻ۵ӢӣͻȻ
ĹԺ͹ԪϵܣȻʯǧ˿Ժȴһ㣬ȻԵüΪ塣


371 ͨ
㲻˵˵Ѿ𣿡ʯǧٿź䣬ɻ
ҲǲޱȣɫŹ֮Ƴ˲ԶļһۣûжֻͣǺǽŵؿԶһٴеģ
һˣΪʲôʯǧٻ˵Ѿˣ
ʱҲĿռУ󣬺ͼաһۣǴһΧȻܿ췢ǰʯʥĸ
һȫžŹ֮Ϊкʱһ㣬աʯǧٺˣǸոս粻á
˲ûվԶԶʱʱʯֳˡ
˵ĺ֮£ʯϵתţһĥһСʯͷ俪໥ײţը˵ʯмҷɡ
Щĥ̴Сʯʯзɳʱʱͱʯײīʯͷը֮󣬻һЩɫʯͷ֣ЩʯͷһӨ͸д½ΪݲеıʯҪ
ʯǧٺͺˣۿЩɫʯͷʯֳضȡһЩֻǳһ£ҲƶǰЩʯͷץ
Щʯͷʯ֮ǶļѲϣЩʯͷ䵽д½󣬻Ϊʿı֮вʺϵʯ֮ǿ
ʯǧ١䡢ˣЩʯֳ֮󣬼ûйԥ㿪ʼȥȡʯ֮ˡ
ֻмһûнʯ֮ϣǼſ˷죬ϸĹ۲⸽
ΧĿռϵر仯ţʯ໥ײһ𣬷һ޴ıըΧĿռûκε򣬳ϵر仯ҪŪÿһطľǷǳķ顣
ողŽԺУһ̣޴ʯ໥ײͻὫµĳݻ٣Ҫ¼䣬ù
ԣʯǧ٣䣬ˣûô
ǲͬķֳһķ֮һΪٹɣЩÿһʯ֮С
ôһʯ໥ײµı仯΢֮ٹɷɢ꣬Ҳܹ½ܱߵĵףе
ڴʱǽƴ࿹ʥĸˣͻȻһˡ
Ȼˣһȡʯ֮ˣһռˣΨֱ͵Ϯͣ
ϼо
˸ʯ֮е΢꣬ѸٽϵϢݹϸϸӦһ£ȻڵѪȻҪʥĸǿࡣ
ǽſԺȴоΪ磬Ӧûʥĸ棬ƺҲʥĸһЩ
ôüһ£ʵΪӦѷɫһֻ϶֮ǰѾ̫Աס󣬾һЩΪϵľ޴࣬Ȼ䵽·硣
֣ͣͻȻ˵ᱻܣпֱܱӻɱˡ
ʱܹ𵽵ò󣬾һЩˣ㣬мĿҪǿ˻ɱ
ϾҪÿʱÿԸּĳֻҪڵÿʱÿ̶ģһڵȫľ꾳ˣûа취ʤ
ǸĽɫȻѡôһǡʱôԼҲܹɹˡ
ôţͨʯ֮е΢ͷϵı仯Ǳȥ
֣û뵽Ȼ㡣Цţһξ룬ˬʵ֣ǲЩ죬챾
ɫЩѿҼǵãӦˣΪʲô
һͼһֵۣؿͺ䣬Ȼ˼Щڣ洫Ե
벻ɣһĸãǷһ̨òͱһģһԴƿЦЦ
һԳֶԸȥҽ˵صǧɣΪˡ
ϧԶ벻˻⣬ˡʬ䡯ͨԡʬ䡯ͨʹըڴϿȵصǧ֮оۼ֮ʹñʬ䡯ͨġʬħ塯޳ˣһͻƵŹ֮
Ϊ֮㾹Ȼϰʬ䡯ѹʦ˵ıƣҪԸҹԪڣɱ㣬ҲȻû뵽㾹Ȼʬըһ٣Ȼ޵˾Ź֮㵽
ЦȻǶڱһУǷһƹǿܶǷڵǹԪڲˣΪʥأȴȡȨԪڵ
ʬͨɫһ䣬ͻȻЦһӱѰζƺĳ뷨
˺ߣƺеĳܱ֪ˣǰ˵أҪɱģԪڵ˺ͱг𣬱ȶԸˣ㽫СˣΣ
Цݣ·ոպ̸ЦȲ裬ͷã֮䣬ЩԨԴĿģǺҡ
ɫһ䣬ٷϻպСӣʰԸʯǧСӣ
֪й˼ɣ΢ЦŵҲá
һ䣬ӦɱһˣͻȻֿһһңżɱ
ˣǾŹ֮ûһʱ䣬Ѩȫ͸ˣҲǾŹ۷֮Ϊ
ռУȻķ˲ٵ̲صǿϢҪȼպκһ˶Ҫǿࡣ
ЦӯӯʱһֳĻһקڰĻͺڰһֳһһߣĻżպ
η壬Ѱ·
ҿԸһᡣЦֻҪ˵㸸ףֽаħ½˴ҿԺǱһϷֻҪ㸸Ըɱʥޣҳŵʥ޵Էһָ㸸ף㸸ͻƵʮ֮Σ
仰һ˵޶⣬ա䡢ʯǧˣȫɫ䡣
˵Ŀģ
ԭԸд½ػҪԶŵǿʿһɱʥӴΪԼã
𾪹ҡͷǸɱԼ½£
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ȻִԲֻܹȥˣǽߵϢ¶ȥ̾Ϣһ
ĻͺڰĻһ٣ĻסڰĻ˼ͷ
ɣҲף㲻ɱǣһʦ֪㻹ʬ䣬ɣü
ԸЦţɫȻ԰һ䳹ǵʬʼͷų
ʬϣѸٸıôһûһ˿¶ȣޱȣ԰ֽһߴӾʬ
ʬħ壡ǺǣȻʬħ塣
ЦЦԹˣ֪Щʲô˼
ʬħ壿ĻסֳиŹĻüͷһ£ƺͻȻʲôŹֵɱһħߵĸ֣ʹħһЩ飬Ҳ˿˵ʬħ塭
ʲôȻɫ˵ʬħҲħߵؼ֮һ
ʬħҲħߵؼôɫ𾪣Ź֮ռ򣬾ֹĿģԭһģ
ռҲҪаħ½˽ֻΪдЩˣ뽫ôøĦħߵķ֧ʬһħߵؾħһҺһˣȻҺ
һۼԼĴ㱻˿ˣҲˡ
֪ûģǵģһˣαشɱɱأҺһʥ޵ҿԸ㣬ʥ޵Ҳ㣬˵Ц
ɱ˵ʥֻĸ˭֪аħ½ж˹µʱ֣һʬħʴ䣬ʬϵĻȫѹȥˣǱһˡ
ġЦһհգұȥɱ㣬ȴԼʡҲٹˡ


372 ޱ
Ħ̷ֺڰһϵ͹һϵһ˵һϵֻһϵؾ壬ϵİ岻ܹһ
ǣĦ̵Ľ˵ȴûⷽƣˣĦ̵ĽҪϵͬޣҪϵİ޵۷壬Ҫ̵ڰһϵķ
ֻнڰϵںһ𣬲ܹĦ̵ľȻأҲֻ˲ʸΪĦ̵Ľ
ڰĻ͹ĻһƬĻֱֿס˼պˣķһ˶ԸͼˣȻȻԵúɡ
ֳһѾ޴ڹĻ֮УеɱֵĻϮָڹĻƺѹסһɺ޵ƺĻ渽ӵĹʥˡ
ĻеʥϢааĿǣʥҫ£еĸвðͷ
ΪΪĸĻѹסʵۿֻۣܹʵӭУ·硣
ǡǡ෴ԵǺڰĻе޾ĺڰħںڰĻзţе޾ĻҪѳ
еںڰĻеļһֱǳ侲ںڰĻħӰ£ָǣֳ̬̫֮ĵڴ˷á
ʥַĺƵΪѸͷųһ̣绯ΪҪеɨһа
һ𣬴ӿӿڣַͨݳȥԴǺڰĻϮ
ħ⣬ȵķϢԽԽʢһϷѹȣڰһ
ед⣬ԺǴķջԽԽʢ˺ĻӼյзݳ
𣬵ػζһðݳЩ֮УڵԪͻʥȸѪԴ֮ټ̫֮
𣬾춯أһУ
ڰħζճ˻ҽǺڰĻҲȻƿһ󶴣ռвϵؼĹߴֳ
ĻԸһҲһаԸڰĻʥľϢ·ǺڰĻĿǣֱӽڰĻճһ޴ƶ
ڰĻһƶֺڰĻʧȥӦеںڰĻͷҲ޷ؾۺڰӦա
ùĻԸȴܹúڰĻѼոȻһĥռС
ܿ췢ֺڰĻƺԼЧǺڰĻһ޴ѿԺ׺ڰĻ
׼ʩչֶεʱ򣬼յͻȻı˷ֱӷɵǱߡ
ܹڰĻգһԽĻҲƿˣ𡢵ػζһڵĹĻֻһͽĻƿһ󶴣ʹǹй
ڹĻһֹҲܹ¾ۼϴӹĻзеаһ˲ָˣǳ޵һܲʥĸ
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һҲûκεԥһ
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͹һսƾûг׻ָһΪƽϢʥɽɧֺķ˲֮ռ򣬲ͨаħ½ķ;ٴࡣ
ģһŹ۷֮ǿÿ£ͼյֹ֮£¶ƣ̬Ȼֻܹزȡʩ
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ʬħֺֻϳʯ׳ʯʬŨʯ׷ڿռУʯײˣſշȥȵʯǧٺͺǱ
ʯӦЩÿһʯ֮УƺһǧʬʬϵʬѾʯΪһʬͨӰ£ʯеǧʬΪΪĵĿܡ
ʯеǧʬδֻʯ֮ԸʯǧٺͺˣǱһʯ֮еĸʬ˽գ
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ʱʯǧٺͺˣѾʯŪĽͷöûиľˡ
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һаħ½ĸֽ룬Կˣֹ
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һҪռóֵɣֻŵħߵ˹ԺԼħߵ׽ϵԸ
ʯǧ١һձֻܹԼˣۿͷҲأ˿ûнļ£һһͷԺ֮иֳ

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ȻʬʼĿƣ޶ʬ·Ҫڱȥһ־壬ԲʱҪ¡
о֮ҽţڿĻ߷ȻϽӽʯʯٶȻѸײڶٶȺȻײһ
޴ıըͻȻһڲ׵ľ޴ͻȻڴը֮γɣըĳ͵ؽɣȻըͻȻִһΪըشļոֱ˽ȥ
ֻһվʧ˴ըĵĹУ˷Ӧʱָֻԭò


373 İ½
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һֻһ׳ߵҰݣĵУڴоȻѸƶţҰ飬֮ȻصĹҰݷָ֭ˮ·ֲֹݴӪ
谵Уһ̵ִֻֻħ̶ХڼԶһš
УԪѷ֮ûԪ֪ЩֲЩħܹ˿µĵز
̤ʵأ̧ͷ½Ȼ۵ףſ죬ͼѰһǻ۵
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һ׹м䵽Ĵϣɱһ׵ĶѨռʳɷĩӦôڵĿռ򣬾ôѸʧˡ
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Ϊ꣬Ѿֻ̫֮Ҫ̫֮Уǰ绹Ǻҹûео̫Ĵڡ
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ͷޱȣۿİ䣬һĹŹ磬һʱ䣬ʵڲ֪Ǻˡ
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ӦǵϢӦ̫Ĵڣ겻ܹǵϵܹǵȻɥʧˡ
ȻһϿʼ̽Լʹõİ磬֪ʲôգڵۿۣǳֻӵ㹻ܹȥܹҵȥ·
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ϸһ£ֳ˲ܹ̫ͱǵϢܹͨǵ⣬ûܵӰ졣
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ԼûбԺ󣬲Ű
ܷ㲻ٷ裬ͽħҪֲ֮Уǿͷſ۵ֲֱҫɷ顣
ٶȻȴƾħɳ۵ķ򣬳Ӧħۼصȥ



374 ĥ
ܷ裬ⲽенٶȵȷ̫࣬½ޱȣͽҪķѵʱҪǷļʮ
ۿһֻֻ޴ħһţǳҹĻԶΣֻܹǰ;ҪʱʱֶԸЩֲ
ò˵İ½ֲＫΪͣžŹ֮ļգڶԸЩֲʱҲҪķһЩֲﲻײУÿһֲﶼĹֶΡ
һЩֲŲնϣڽǳ״ݻԺɿƾǿ¾ۼһָܹԭ
ǿֲʱ򣬼ղòζֱӽǸճɻҽһңҲֻЩֲŲ鷳
һ·ʶ̫ϡŹֲֵЩֲﶼżΪµд½ϣһЩֲԽ֮ĸָɱ
ֲֲŸʴֲζԷǣҪӦĻЩѶȡ
ЩͷöֲҲˣ·ϵʱһЩħҲع
Щħ֪νģÿһħŲѷɫĿħħ̲ص˺ɽ壬ֲ˵ͷȮħ̫ˡ
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ͽǰȥħۼнأղһͷųΪǿҵħԽǿһ飬ħԽŨŪԺ֮Ũ֮ɱ¾
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һһأп϶пֲħͷųһֻֻħǱ߾ۼȻҪǶħԼ
δһһļµĲбȻӦ֮ǿֱƽҪ޵Ź۷֮Ĳ滹Ҫ
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ӵôǿǼΪµĴڣ֪껹δһģһУָиӿµĴڡ
һôǿĿǰӦģٶ༸һǿڣðȻǶ
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ܹƿշٶȵȷһ·ֿʼֲиħ
Щħͻֲħ֮ǰĻҪǿһЩһ˼ҵɱ֮Уָ۷壬ںħֲɱУ·硣
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ÿһսӴڵĴԪʯóȡеԪָԼһȵָǰн
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ܹģҪ֪ڵڵһ㶼˷ѣ۶ͷţħɸ˺
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һŻ߳Щܱ޴ڵɱֲ֣һδεسţһδıԼķʽÿһεĳ֣ۼһ㣬ۼâһ߶۵Ĺʽ
һδθı䣬һѰŸõʽϵؽţڶƿϣشﵽһµĸ߶ȡ

ڿԾһ߸ħϣħͷһ£Ȼ󼧳շء
ǱҪħڵĹըѪڲʼ
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֪һĥ£ԽԽǿˡ


375 ħ壿
ħ𣬾޷ؼ䣬ܱŨħγ˺ƣһǿħۼǶǳħħۼڣĳĽ
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İ󣬺г̾ͱһЩնɱŵҿħǿֲˣżͽħۼħľ޷ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãħͻȻֻǰɽһȥضħЩΧħȻرǿȻȴǼ࣬мǧֻ
Щħ൱д½ʿ࣬Ȼʿؼȴżޱȵ塣
Ĵ½ϣħܹڵŨħħӰ£ЩħһޱȣֻҪİ룬سɱİ˺ѳɷ顣
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ٸħһ𷢶سγɵҲǳ£ħֱӽնסˣУһֻЩħʲôܿ
֮£ղòķջԸЩħζγ˾޴ĻΣԼҲЩħһεУϾͻմζĻӡ
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ػζ𣬶ݣγɻߣȸͼΣ̬̬ǻ֮зݳЩħճɽһһ׹
ݵ꣬ķ裬ٸħʧȥ֮ҪϽѡ
ϽԪԪһЩħһܹѣһһԪקУôһԪеǿˡ
ٸħԪԺ󣬱ӦԪ֮еıԴ֮ͻȻԪ֮зݳԴ֮һСɻ󣬹۲ܣͻȻеտգⲻд½Ҹҿ϶һд½
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ѸٽԴ֮һĿǰʧģҲ֪ܲҵһռ򣬲֪ܹܲﷵд½ûмһߵǻ۵ͷʹ
տգǰǰħۼŨ֮ĵطǿޱȵǿһز϶ֱӹͨӦõǰ˵ԵõһЩõѶϢԴ֮
֪ǰһΪǿħеĳǿߣ֮ǿд½Ĳ滹ҪһЩЩħħһײб壬ҵĿܵòҪѶϢ
ܹӵĵİɣԴ֮ʡ
Ӧû⣬ֻҪǰҪϵħĹÿһħĹķҲٵԪطԪּΪѷ˵Ŀǰ״
ҰڵĿĵ֮ǰЩħҶԸˣտհҪɱЩֻħҪأҺˡԴ֮
㣿аտԽЩħɵҪ֪Խ棬ħԽ࣬һЩħŲѷڰʿء
û⣡
Ǻã԰ɡ
ͱԴ֮һž޷嶥ȥԴ֮ܵ˼յǰ˴·ɱеΡ
˵Ҳ֣Щħۿżչȥʱ򣬻϶ԼսкηɱȻԴ֮ǰнʱ·ħȴһ¶µ
ֻҪԴ֮ߵĵطħȥһЩԱȽħҲֻǻĿűԴ֮ȴû
żһħᳯżɱȥƺüձȽ׶Ըÿʱ򣬱Դ֮ЩħһۣЩħδգ֪˶;ҪôӲҪôð̣һΪѪˮ
Ԫ֮дõıԴ֮ƺһνˣʩչصķʽԽԽĪ⣬ǼգֻܹоصϢȴֺܹƶĹ켣
һɱ򼧳յħڱԴ֮ĳ£Ѹٱ
ܿأЩΧħ˼ܱԴ֮ıӻħ֮ʣµħˣ׷ʵؿһ·ž޷֮ȥҲֹˡ
㣬ȴң֣ѾڵѵۿԼģ֣󲻽
տհħжϵķʽеĲһҺǵ̬ȻһȴĳЩ֮Ԫ֮дôʱ䣬ҿ֪һЩԸħķԴ֮
ôһ˵ױԴ֮Ԫ֮Уͽ·;ϣһֻͻơ
տգֻҪ㽫ȡϣǽеа꼼ʩչ룬ҲԽЩħˣ㲻ԡ
Ŷ飿ԾŽԪеٻڴϣаߣһӽոϣԵаһĲжģ
ޱȣһڣЩħһ羪֮һ㣬׷׾ֵض
ЩǿԴ֮µһЩħҲľԶԶ˿ˣͻȻ䣬ħҲûһ鷳ˡ
ˣһ·ʱɧֲҲȫʵʵԭһۿӽһЩаСݣſ˵ϣ·ڳ
ףȵĺһűԴ֮ʵΪʲô
İ½ֲħħѬղŽģǶڹĵִǶаȴޱȣǸտհʵҲа̣Ԫ顢ȭסڣɶаޱȵıħǶΪеġ
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Ԫȡ꣬ȭŻһеɱǿԲٿ꣬һΪԼū
ϸһ£ͻȻƿˣƺǺа벻˸ϵˡ
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񣬱Դ֮ͻȻ˵Լİ̵Ҳаһ֣˵İĴ½Ϊʺ˵ԽĳħһͻһЩֱܹܡ
Уħ֮󣬾ͻɥʧԼʶֻ֪޾ɱ¾֮У͡ʬк𣿡ҡͷҹͬ
տհħħħֻһħˣŻɥʧԼҲ߻ħ̬ˡѾˣҸո˵һġԴ֮Ҳ֪һЩ飬ò˵ǡ
˵ħ̵һؾħ壬Ը߲εĴ壬Ҳħøӹ䣬һħ£ħҲԪһֱַʽֻǸӰԵһЩǿǿɲٿصģͰǵٵĴŵħҲŵħ⣬˵ûʶ𣿡
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տգֻҪԽħ죬ڵԪµı仯ҿԿ϶㽫д½һͻƵʮ֮ʿңھŹ֮ͿԳԽκһˣԴ֮϶
ҡҿԡնˡ


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ƿħһõͻƵʮ֮ջʵ̫ˣˣ׼ðһԣܷħ
ħҲԪһ֣յȻԪԪȻҲͬԽħУΪڵʹãͬΪ̬߼ȻĳЩ治һȴΪʿ
ܹħҲ߻ħһӦõȷԼΪãĿԼһء
ħԪһڣıڵԪ̬ԼǿֻҪƿħŹ֮ԼںħԪ֮ӦҪʤֻһʿ
뷨Ժйһ飬ñԴ֮ƺУֻлЩǣħԼ岻ܹںϣϾڵѪ֮ʥ޵
ԼԼ䣬ʥ޵Ѫ֮ħƺĳֳͻЩҪǶħ᲻ʥʲô仯
ֹûкͱԴ֮˵ͷڣЩħֲ׷׶ܿͨؽɽ嶥ˡ
ͻȻȫעҲԴ֪֮һ£ʾҲ
ԣһħÿģȫǸָϡŹֵħЩħд½Щƣȴһħ죬ճĶҺħ̸
ЩħǺͷȮħЩƣȴûͷȮħֵǻֻۣΪֱӵɱ¾ͷ
ħмʮкͰʿһǿħмǧʿħʮ಻
棬һЩħžŹһЩħ٣ҲаʮЩħħ죬ηͷڵļգҲûжԱԴֳ֮ӦеĹǡ
أЩžŹʿһħһպͱԴ֮һȻɢ˳泤ֱ롣

ҫͻȻХҫ͵ط֮оҵҡҷ
ɫ΢䣬ҫһǷ˾޴ΣҪȻҫôðʧ
࣬һžŹʿǿħȫؿǷڳҫֳȵĳޣһ޲ýո˺ѳɷģ
һӲˣۿһǿħֳԵĳӶͻȻͣĻͷһ
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ҫзţ֪Ϊʲôҫ֮󣬱ֵЩ֮ɱ죬ƺҪħȥһ㡣
ɱɱɱɱ
ҫ֮УϵشôһѶϢƺڴߴټսħɱҪһڡ
ǰһɽĶˣǳħǴɽĶ˴ȻȴðȻǰһˡ
ħ̫ˣٸǿħǵҲȾŹʿѷɫ̫࣬طǶôôֲħڣԴ֮ܣ֮
пЦȴɫȻһ̲ҷɣԱԴ֮Ĵ˸ʾⱾԴ֮ԼҪʱˡ
ЩħУо˼ȵĳ֮⣬ҫıԼƺһȦУԽٸžŹʿħ֪ԼܻʤԲ׼뿪
ԯһԯ㾹Ȼôˣ
ͻȻǰľ޷嶥ˣһ֮Ӱ絶⻯ʯ̶ޱȡ
ȻһͻȻסˣԯ˾Ȼ֪Լ˭Ȼ֪Լ赽ôһ£
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½̫򣬲֪д½֮˶ǳô֪Ĵڣ
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ǵصħħͷųһӴɽһֱѹ˼յϡ
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֮ǰ̽ʱ򣬸ӦһǿĴڣȲ滹ҪӴ
̶һһէؿħ㵽˵ʲô
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֮ʥ޵Ϣˮ֮еʯͷΪϤĺԪ
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죡⵽ôһ£
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㱾ӦôģͷħָħɽֳĿռָŶ̶̶ֳһԯӦô֮гģʹҽ½ɱÿһԯʹ
ңӦôͨ½ед½һҵʹ
ͷħżգԼ̶ƺһ㣬ڻû޵Ź֮ӣħؼյĻˣ
⣬ĵôһ£̲סֿˡ
ħʥ޵սң˫ħħɾͽյ㣬Ҳʥ޵ľѪԪΪŹʿħʥʥһݷд½ֻܹȥ
ħħǣǵʹǳд½д½׻ȥħͷųʹֹһеķ½ȫɱκεĻᣡ
ˣħֵ꣬ңǣΪľǽǵĴ½ɱһݷŵʥޱֻħſ
ͷħͻȻĳХХ̶֮Χħ߻㼯Ҫ˺ɷ顣


377 ȥ·
İ½ϵħһȫյ˵ͷħһХ£ڶħ׷׳żΧ
ˡԴ֮һеЩһﲻٺˣ֪Ҳģ
֪տЦͷֻͷħı֣֪ͻȻİ½뻢Ѩġ
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ۿŽ붾̶ڽߣȴûһϲãд½ĴѾˣϧȴܹ롣
ÿһԯھŹ۷֮ԯʹɱһĴڣֻҪˣǾͻȺףֻеһħħ޳ɣлд½
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ܹд½ˣǶˣѣˣԲд½ЩħУ
ֻܹɱ㣬ֻҪˣһԯҲҪʱŻ򣬶ңֻҪʮʱ䣬Ϳմ򿪽
ֻҪˣħϣʥ޵ĩҲˣ
ͷħɱ⣬ؿżգͻȻһ̶Х
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Դ֮üǱֲһۣһڿС
һЩҲҪĿֲһԴ֣֮ƺΣգȻһֶ˻ȥӻͻȻ
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ͷħǾ޷ϵĿռһû뿪һֻɳ˱ħ׷ǡ
ħħǳҪõɽ֮ưܲףħȴǿޱȣɱȻһ취Ѷȴ󡭡
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ȵȵȣԱķյ
ķʲôԴ֮ʵ
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һָͷһƬƺ˿ѹķǣһ˿ѣøˣ


378 
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ŹʿǽԼһǻѨһ֮еǳֻÿһѨͳͳǳҲӵǳ֮֮󣬲Ź֮۷֮
ǳ֮ǳΪǳɼǺ֮еıԴɣÿһǳ֮еǳ֮ȡ֮֮ߣҷǳϡ١
̫Ϊʿ϶࣬Թ̫֮޵Ź֮ʿ಻ÿһŹ֮ʿҪ̫ǳ֮ö̫֮ϴǳ֮ǳѾԽԽ١
Щ̫һЩŹʿò̫ΪԵĵشȥѰӵǳ֮ǳʱľŹʿ
ĿһľŹʿһѰǳ֮
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İ򣬵ԵǳͷſշЩǳ֮ϣȷûϢ
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һǿǿľŹʿЩŹʿһֻ̫Ҫӵǳ֮ǳЩɵľŹʿȻռϷ磬ЩľŹʿֱӸϳȥ
һǳ֮εյϲޱȣּ񵽱ĸоʱͻȻ⹫壵Ļ
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Դḻ֮ǲҪôԼˣȫȻЩǳ֮ѡЩǳ
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һĿ꣬һ㶼ɣعǳ֮ϣôûԪҲûħǳڷţѰŽǳ֮ĵķ
һɽ֮Уǻɽֹͣ˱꣬ɽںأֱͨص
ϲյһ£ֱӴǻɽڳŵصȥ
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Ϊйǰָɼǳ֮ĵһжȻ˳˳ǳ˳شһЩ谭Ҳûзǳ֮ʲôΣյȻѣͳɹǳ֮ڵأɼһʰǳâҫǳ֮
һǳ֮һǳ֮ϣǳ֮ӵԼϢȻʼǳ֮֮дһǳ֮ȡһֵһ顣
һգһգһǳֱ֮ڸǣʧ֮Уյһǳ֮޴ǳԭ·ء
޴ǳĵصףǳ֮һĶشС㹻߸ŹʿһһѨΪÿһǳ֮еǳ֮һһǳϵǳֻܹ֮һѨλٶǳ֮ҲܹѨ
Ҳ˵Щǳ֮Լ˵û̫á
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ΪǳŹֵص㣬ղûд̫ǳ֮Ϊǳ֮Ǹİ½Ҳûãһںܿӷǳ֮޷ǳ֮
ڣǳ֮Ŭ֮£ش˱ڵİ½
ûһ̳ɣһǳ֮İ£մ⹫ǶķʼģѨ

ʮʱ֮󣬴֮ͻѨгǳ֮ļգʼ˶һѨ֮еǳ֮ӰһΣͻȻһη
ͬʱԸܵǿ˶ǳǳ֮ͨͻѨȻҲԽ˶ǳ֮ϵǳ֮⣬ָԼԪˡ



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ʥߣʥߵôɭ۰Ͱ͵ؿ죬üչʵ
ԯڵɽˡɡˣһҲݣ·𱻳صĵӾҪѹƵġ
ĵļ񹫣Ӻҵʱǿɥ̾Ϣѡ
㵽˵˵ʥߵôˣҵе̫֮ĵʱ򣬿ųսҫģоҫڣʥӦÿԻָɣ
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˼Ҫռ򣬳ֹֹˣɿռͻȻ˾ޱ䣬ʯ໥ײȽһ飬ִһӾ޴˱ô˸֮С
Ϊڸıʱ򣬱ƻķ˴䣬֪ͨδˡ
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ʯǧһǿռгϷأҲɽֽԪڵĻڴ˳Ѿͷ֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ϣǣǡ
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һᵽգߵ˶ĬЩԯȺͰ̵ĸ֣һ·ûĹǣֱ֪Ǻˡ
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ħأǰΧˣܹĿռѾԽԽˣӣһӲ̱ⲻˣɲˡ
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380 յĿֲ
İĴ½ħʵԽǿǻҲԽߣһ˵ʿħѾøõơԼŵԸˣҲ֪ΧĻƲߡ
֮ǿȾŹ֮ħһ㣬һǳ֣ԽǿħͷԽСԽԽࡣ
֫ǻۣħռĿ꣬ЩѾƵħǿģһǻ۵ġ
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֮ΪЩħȻ½ħħʹü滹Ƿȱ̫࣬ЩħܹʿһԶֶķʽͷųܹγɳļɺ͸ؼ
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Ϊԭħħãûγһ׳ļɣǰħһЩħãЩǿħıɱȫʧˡ
Դ֮Щħ㣬һʱ䣬֮󣬴żƶЩħ׷˳ƽһЩ͵ȼħȫ˼յ
տգаգҪҪһʱ䣬ҸоĵһΣҲֻоŹʿǿħȻΣһ㣬ӦûǿӦģտգڵ㣬Ҫս𣿡Դ֮յɫЩ죬̲סʵ
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ͻȻ䣬ЩƵħһһ֣ħſȾŹʿǿ󣬻ٸħЩħҲ׶ԸĽɫǿ
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һһۼ׵ħȻħͷ׸ߣЩɫҺһ˫֮ͻȻħ۵ĺɫ⣬ɫһֱ򼧳պӵ˫ۡ
ͬʱһħĸۼֱۣܲҲżץ˹
һļգڵʹ࣬һҫһȭףϿʼһħ潻档
ҫڶԴİ½ħʱÿÿԵ÷ǳһǿЩħҫʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôҲԵ÷ǳľ塣
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һ˿ϵȭףֿ˿ǳ˽̿һħͻȻЦЩ׶ħɱ޴󰡣
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ʮ߸С㣡һ࣬һ٣
ÿһĥ̴Сɫ֮Уʮ߸С㣬ڴǳ֮Ѩһģһ
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ԼԼ䣬Ȼ״һ£
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侲һҪ侲ΪʲôΪʲôʮ߸ɫ֮ʮ߸ǹ⣬ΪʲôЩǹƺķʽŹ켣

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ı仯һηˣ
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ˣʮɫף֮еʮһͼյ״һһĹ켣ת
ͻȻ䣬һϵĸоĵ׷ˡ
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İĴ½·һ׵Դͷֹױϵشһ׳ħôǿ󣬶ɱķǡ
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׺仹ûͣϢڼյΧ֮ڣ˱Դ֮⣬Ѿûһ
Ϯħôһȫ׺ɱˡ


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ȾŹʿħٸ̫ħôһɫ֮бɱһĲˡ
Ƶɫɱըֹھ춯صıըУպͱԴ֮ڱըĵشȴȻɫ죬һ嵽ģ
Դ֮˺һſڼյļϣ૵⣬⵽Ǻտգôģ
ҲסˣǶһƺڵȺʲô
ڵʮߵѨϡϡǹֱеȭײṩԴԴҲµɫγɣըУΧ
ףԵɫ׵ıըӦúܿͻˡ
Ҳ÷˼
Ϊʩߣֻƾĳֱܣڵǳ֮ϵȭ׵£ɫγ֮Ȼ˵Ĺ죬󲻵ǣЩɫ׾Ȼ״ת켣
һ̣ɫ׷·ĳϵһ˲䣬ͷ·Ϊʮƣȫעɫ֮Уɫ׷˾춯صľޱ䣬ͷųĿֲ
֮ǿԶԶ֮ǰԤƣҲκһͷŵҪǿ
ɫ׺һڵǳ֮ںϣһͨȭ׾ķʽͷųһеγĺгɣôһͷųˡ
һԻص
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ɫ׵ĺƽϢһƬǽ壬ضǽħʬ壬վصʬ룬ſǱԴ֮þ
տգŰȡЩħ갡㿴Щħǳǿ󣬶Ҫ뿪أǧ˷ˣЩ꣬д½Ƿǳռİ
Դ֮ôѣ½עУЩħ꣬ʱ裬һҪǷ֮ȥ
ٸħ꣬ŨҵԪҪľʳҲǸԪ÷ʽ
ԥʱеոϽԪȡԪһγһ
ǿҵ˱ֻҪħ꣬һǿųӰˣɼسԪ鿿£Ԫ֮£һԪ֮С
ٸħ꣬лȾŹʿǿ꣬˶Ѿ˼Ԫռκһεǿˡ
Ԫ£һħ꣬׷׷ݽԪ֮УЩóõħԪ֮£ûѳȥ׷׳Ԫһ֡
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ԪԽԽˣԪҲԽԽˣԼγһǳͼȻ֪ǳͼкãԼյ˽⣬֪ԪǳͼԺ϶á
ԪգͷŹâһӰ£±Ԫջˡ
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Щڴڴһܹг
ȭ׻ڣŷǳ˾ΪһʱսܹȡȻռϷ硣
ȭ׺Ѿˣôһ϶ϲΪͷŻԵЩУҪԪ鷢仯Ԫ֮зɳ
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ҡҡͷЦôʲô仯ûðҰװ׸һǵġ
һҲ̫̰˰ɣǵҶ֪ʲôȴ֪ҪҪԶԶд½ǽд½ʿȫɱˣҲۼ㹻
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ֲ̫ˣЩħһʿʿҵʵôӴ֣Ҫֱ̫һ㣬ֻһ룬;Щʵ֡
ҡҡͷտЦѣʮħʵ̫ˣǸɱҲôɱǣοлħħڣҿѡ
ҲһͺѵġԴ֮ٺһЦտհֻҪܹʱ̱Ÿոյ˵ɱˣħɱħߵʲôطͿԽʲôطħɱˣ
˻һ΢΢һ˸ոЩĿֲˣʱʱ̶ֲֿ̿һ·ǿԽħˣֻҪͷħԿ϶İıħӦöɫ׵ĺը֮д
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еҵǿԺúһ롣üͷһɫ׵ıըеȻĶ׼úС
úѰҾãд½Ҳ㽫ħħɱֻҪãǾͿԷд½ұ֤
ðɣԿ΢΢һЦ¶˾ģ׼ʱȥ֮вɼǳ֮Ľİ͸ˡ
֮һʱ䣬վİ½ü˼ţڵѨۼϵǳ֮Ȼ״ȡȭ׳
ϧ֪ԭ򣬵רȥʱȴĳȴ֣ʱԾۼ̺ʮ߸ǹɫ׳ȴܹЩǹת
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Ҫһİ壬Ȼһ׵顣
Դ֮һֱûдƽﶼĬĬػֹᱻħӰˣֻҪר־һУԴ֮ḺЩħɵ
һʱ䣬ǿħûѰǣֻһЩħ׷İĴ½ϣΪʵ̫ҲΪЩħʵ̫ǳһ㣬պͱԴ֮Ǿ޷ԽԽԶʱЩħѰǵѶҲԽԽˡ
Դ֮һҪֹǿħΧˣһоŹʿǿħϴż뿪ַʽԴ֮֮ҲûΣ
İĴ½ΪбԴ֮ʱڣſɰĵõҲõԼᱻЩħΧ
һļգۼǳ֮ȭۼɫףϣҵ״̬һһһ¡
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Ψһջ񣬾ۼϵǳ֮İĴ½ǳָ֮ԪٶԽԽˣȭ׵ʹãһĸãôһʱ쳬ɵľۼɫףյǿִ˲١
Щʮ߸Ѩ֮еǳ֮ÿһζʹĸоȻһδγ֮󣬼նʹһµ̨ף˺˺ѷεĸоȻܹˡ
ڼۼǳ֮ʩչѾһɫ糣Ҳɪɪˡ
ȻδѰȷķһʱջˡ

һδ֮տǱԴ֮һۣˣҶʱ䲻ټ˷ʱְˣҾãְ壬ܲһ˼޾ͿԵġ
Դ֮Ҳ֪һʱѾǳŬˣεص˵ͷ˵ӦûȻһò򣬻Ӧ÷һˣҪɼϵǳɼǳʱҲܹҲ˵׼ء
Ҳôģһ˼·ܹţҼɼǳ֮ˣϣܹ֮У֪һЩʲôµ򡭡֪˱Դ֮һһνһشĻ֮С

ʱҴҶİ֮Уյ¶ǰš
֪Ѿ˶ˣֻ֪һƬ֮ڣʺǳѾԽԽˣѾʮѨ̲֮ǳ֮Ҳ˵ѾһƬеʮǳ֮ɼˡ
ǳˣ̫ڣһŹʿõĳȥһпܶɼôǳֻ֮ǧ֮һʱ䡣
ȻѨ֮еǳ֮ûг͸Ժеʱ䣬ֻҪѨ֮еǳ֮ȫˣصд½ҲԽŹ۷֮
ʮǳǳ֮ɼһƬߵļգԼĺƺͷˡ
һƬУǳȻЩǳȷʵǣȻһԣǳ֮ȴûǳ֮
ôһյͿʼ鷳òԶһ㣬ϣܹĽ䣬ܹܲҵ©֮㡣
ƵһİԵ֮ߣǰ֮صнϣܹȱǳ֮⡣
뱾ԽԽԶһǳ֮г֣ȵ꿿֮󣬲ŷǳûǳ֮ǣȻңԶǰһγ˸ǳ
лϣļգֻǰУǶ֮󣬻ᷢǿջϲһ
һδγϣǰУһδʧأİ½ԽԽԶˣ֪ԼʲôطֻǼǰУǰУһֱǰ
Ҳ֪˶ãڣһ˶ǳֳ֮һʱǳ˽⣬Կ϶һǳ֮Уǳ֮ڡ
ô˶󣬲ɵǳǣ
гڴļգɿؽһǳ֮ϣȻǳ֮ϣԼǳ֮Ϣ
Ѱһɽڣһ·ŵصķȥ
ͻȻ䣬һȻͣ
ˣ
ǳ֮Убڲɼǳ֮˱ľŹʿ


382 ɺ
˶ǳ֮ڣŹʿڲɼеǳ֮ǳҲǵһα˷֣еǳ֮С㹻߸Źʿһ
ŹʿһһŮ̬ǣ˵̬
ʱæڲɼµǳ֮ƺûע⵽ǵϷһڰع۲ǡ
ӦҲԶԶû޵Ź۷֮ǵӦвգһɼǳ֮ǣѽǳ֮ס׼ǳ֮ϡ
ؼʱҪ¶ֻ֣Ҫȥ𹥻˼ûл֮Կ϶Ҫͷǻɢ׾ٵ¡
ղûг֣ԥһ£ǻɽڳ˵ĬĬעǡ
֮ˣһΪվúԩ޳𣬶ǳ֮еǳ֮㹻˿϶ò꣬ԵûбҪƴƴġ
֮⣬һԭ
İôʱ䣬֪İ򵽵ʲôطģòԽľŹʿеҪŪƣϣܹͨˣ֪ڵʲô֡
һǳ֮룬ڽҪͷһӻ
ǵԲңеҪһЩиǳ֮ںϣҪǳ֮Լ굱УڳӦա
ϧҪڶʱڽǳ֮꣬һ׵顣
Խǻңǳ֮ںϵٶȷԽԽԽǼȣǾ֡
ףʱֻҪն֣걻ǳۣ֮޷γЧķֶΣֻᱻոնɱ
ۿ˾ʧԽŪԽ㣬ԼԼ䣬궼Ҫۣǳ֮һһֱĬļգæʾûж⣬ĿģҲֻһǳ֮ûаռ˼ǲýš
ôһ˵⾪ŵ˲侲ôһǲѸٽǳ֮֮У굹ҲҲ
ղٶԣһĬĬעˣ˽ǳ֮С
˺һƽˣؽǳ֮һ𣬵ǳ֮Сǧ򱶣֮еһС֮˲һ
ͼһξ룬˻ԵСأؿżգѯʵ˭
ңЦЦ˵Ҳʶ򣬱ռеΪֹΨһʿҲ֪ʲôطǣﵽʲôطأ
ŮǷɫʼնûзɣĹѾ׼׵һбĲĶŮǻֹ
еĻƽֵؿŮһţ˼ҪɱǣովͶˣͲȵڡ
ŮûзɣǱ˰ˣҲ̫ˣǳ̫֮ˣΪǳ֮ûٱ׷ɱ㻹԰
еƺЩڣۼ˵Ů飬ҲûмȥֻǺЦԼ˵ǲڿռ֮оȻû£ܹˣǴʲôطģ
еıѺãҲûзɾ裬ʻʱŮ鿿һЩӾǷһӰȫһЩ
ҴǱ߹һ·ȫǣûһǳǳ֮ġ
޾зȷձ㽫Լʱĵһ飬֮Щǳ֮ǳֲֻᡣ
ǱʶڣħǴ½ϵѾ˽˵ĽأһƬ֮Уٶǳ㹻ʮŹʿԼٸѨһ
ħĴ½ֿͨд½гһԯȵĸ֣һͻƵŹ֮Բ̫Ѱ翵ǳ̶ֱͨµĿռֱӽ˿ѵ
Ǹطǳ㹻ԯȵľŹʿ꣬ǸطһõԯпܳΪ̫˴ǿ׼κ͸¶һ㡣
ﰡеľһǸطǴûȥʲô𣿡
ûУеֻǣоֹգһ·һɢΨ˻ȥ̽յȻ
еһ£˵ܹѾ˺ܴģҲû㹻ľ֧ǹȥˣţķϣҿԸ˵һ˽
ҺӣɺǵǧʿĴ½ɺԸŹʿǳѾԽԽˣҺӣǵĴ½֮һֱ׼һѰʺǳ
˼ʱ䣬ѾҪľˣһһҲȥˣΪԶУû㹻ľرˣȻ׼ʱ򣬷ǳ֮ǳ
ɺ򣿡һ£ͻȻ⹫壽ʱ⹫˵ɺġ
ɺ֮ʯڶ࣬ЩʺĴ½֮⣬ıǳγɵʯЩʯ纣һ㣬鲼ɺÿһ䡣
⹫壵ھŹ֮ʱҲΪҪǳ̫֮һԵشɺľŹʿ֪ɺ̫ھ򣬱˴˼̫Զ
ֻҪ㹻ǿľŹʿһĳɺȥĻãû޾еȻֺп㹻ľɺġ
Ȼ̫ɺ֮ľ뼫ΪңԶûκεΣһŹʿҪɺҲҪķһľ
ʱԼı壬һķ˾Ǿû㹻ľرˡ
Ϊ֮ľ̫ңԶĴҪķ̫ľ֪ٽҲûж˸ðȻ֮С
һǽҪķѼľⷽҲпľŹʿһִ뱾̫Զ˱ȻҪԴһ̫ǾҲܹرˡ
ΪƣٽȻ˴֪ԷĴڣȴԽ߾̤ԷҲֻһ֮мشѰʺԼǳ֮
֪ǰ̫򣿡һ𣬽͵ұ̫ʿбռ룬İ򣬵ΪֹһûѰȥ·ء
̫򣿡еƺ֪һ£ŵѣȰ㻹İ취̫ɣҪ̫򣬾ǳңԶڵľ·ʱ򣬾ȫľˡ
֮⣬;ɺ̫֮ĽΪ֮ǳսĵ㣬㵽Ǳߵʱ򣬾ѾҪľˣֻᱻ˸ˡ
ֱʱһֱûпŮˣ̾ϢһԼԽһ½䱸̫ɺսԶƽϢɺĵ·ԽԽˣʺϾŹʿǳɺ֮ѾѹˣֻĽڣһЩϡٵ֮أΪЩ֮أɺľŹʿҪˡ
ǵġЦȥҪ˶ãɺͻƵŹ֮Ҳҵ֮ˣ򽻽ϡ֮أЩҲԽԽˣ֮ڣҲûܹʮ֮ˡ
ΪǸѰǳ֮ǳˣֻе֮󣬵µǳ֮ǳſˣŹʿֻоŰٶɵȲһ찡ԴҶһ㣬ϣܹЩԴûпݽ֮ǰؽԼϡ
˵һͣղףԭɺ̫Ҫ⣬̫ʱǳȻϡ٣ȴʱʱܹһɺѾ;ƿݵıԵˡ
ѹЩɺľŹʿΪܹȥƴҪȥ֮佻ӵصǳˣҲѹðһֱ룬ǵһǳˡ
ȫԴϡȱǵĻ
ôһոǴ⣬ԲܹκԼһأ
һòˣȴԯȵĸһѨãǸأԯлΪ¾ħһ̫ǿ
Ǹطɺ̫ĸʵŹʿ˵ǵڶһ֪ôһδѵĵطĸŹʿҪ񲻿ɣ
ǸܷӦȥȻǱƲѣǲðȻȥǱߵģϾҵı壬֮Сյ
ܹҲǴ֮еĽ󴳹ģһܹܲҵҲ˵ָֻܹһµ·ΪһλȥҪԺܹܲҵȥ·Ҳܱ֤ŮķشˣƺüտҲüնӦùв
еĵͷˣŮı㽫ԼʱһЩ·䣬Ϊһ飬ȻĲرףȴؼסˡ
Ҳ֪ĸܹѾǷǳˡеĿżգԥһ£ʵİ֮УûδѵǳҺӣİٸѨûأԴԽԽ٣ҪʣµѨȫãֻܹðҴ˵һξĳбˡ
ûֻǣһ·ȫǣûмһʺǳû
֪Բ򣬲Ǹرס˵ᱻɺǰͺ̵ľŹʿɱˡ
ȫǣѵ򣿣ͻȻӱŵˡ
޾һΪĵط˵֮ȫǣֱǳҪϵԶ˵޵ʮ֮ǿߣ˵۷ǿߵĻ֮ء
ݱԴ֮˵Ԫ飬д½챦ҲٺЩϵ
ôһ˵һʼʱ򣬼ҲǸ򣬵ϸһ룬Ͼͷˡ
ǸİʺǳȻĴ˵ϣ֮⣬֮УҲûмκεʮ֮ǿߣҲ˵
ķ˵˵Ǽջûȴɫ΢䣬һģ֪˵ԣǶȫǣûмһʱǳ
ǸˣķһͶ˷һЩǶز˱ˡеһ˵Ҳûжһ䣬ӣȻ״˽ȥһ̽ͷ
ŮҲٷϻɫ֮ææغһ˳ȥǳıȥ
ౣذɡһѶļգǱˡ
򣬸߿Դĵط


383 
һһŮһ˵յıȥһ̽ͷѾõǳ֮ĿĴﵽˣҲûмȥ֪˼һһԷ޾ʹҴȥˡ
뿪󣬼ղûżȥĬĬȺһʱ䣬һԷƺ뿪ˣҲûг嶯Ŀʼںһǳ֮
Ѳ⣬Ƿ˱ϾŹʿȻ·;̫ľҲһһĻ죬ȥںǳ֮Ĺؼʱֻ̣·һˡ
Ϊ˱ֲ·Ƿ뿪˺ܾú޶ԡ
úǷӦòûðȻ֣װںǳ֮ʵȴûôҽĸӦ
ǶԷģȻȥһǷ޷궯϶ȷǳ֮ںϣԲŹôһûᡣ
ϾֻҪܹɱ˼յľ˲رľ㹻ԼѲܣѰǳ֮ڵǳ
ջȷСΪܹԼѨã˵ĳ顣
ֵ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȻûеȵһԷ޵ĵʱٶȽǳ֮ںϣ֮סһ˶ǳϷ˳
½ããǿգſˣѰܷҵʺǳ
ϣΧҲûпǳǰ̽ȴһ
ڹУǻһӦÿʱÿ̶Ѹģõ˷رʱˡ
һ⣬ձ㲻ԥʱ·أϣܹ췵İ½еǳ֮뱾ѨУȾָԺһƬ
ͻȻ裬֮зһǿҵĲУ
һּΪǿҵȻһŸ洫һǿԵ֮йסǳ֮
Ǹ򣬷·һܹǳ֮شʯֱǱ߷ȥ
ǶһЩµĹ֮ǰһֿŤ꣬곹ݵ
أյ걻ѸٵǱߣǳ֮Ϊһ壬ǳ֮ǰȥҲֻܹطǱߣĿơ
أһԽԽˣ֮ϣһףǹҫһĹһβͣһ˫İɫ˫ٿ˼ա
һĹϣһۼװǳ֮ͬǳ֮ۼװΪһ壬ϣһܵٸͬǳ֮Ϣ
ǿ֮ҲǴͷųġ
֮ǰͼյһԷޣȻҲҴΪң
Ůģ걻ɢʱѾɢˣסǳֳ֮֮ǹһǿ͵ؽǳ֮ߡ

һǳ֮ͻȻǹϣٿ䶯һָϸĺڽסһǳ֮Ӳǽһǳ֮ϡ
ںȴûǳ֮ۼ׸ǣǿǳ֮һǵϣϵѪںһ𣬵ɫĹâ˲עһǳ֮档
ֻһһǳ֮ͺΪһ壬һ֣仯һƴСµۼף
µǳ֮仯Ϊۼףһ֣ǹһǳ֮ϵϢǿһ֣
Ȼʳǳ֮
տĿɿڴؿŮһ飬Ů֮жȡǳ֮ʹǳ֮仯Ϊһۼףǿ
Ȼվ֮ϣȴȻһ֮ϵΪؼǵãʱ̽һǣʱ֮Ͼûκεڣ
Ҳ˵ӦǺֵġ
Сܿ괫ĲҽУۻҵĻ꼼Ҫغǹϡ
ǹҫǹǶһȫел꼼ȴûܵκε˺
ʵ壡
ǳ֮ǵ֮Уǳ֮Ĺŷǳ̬ķֻ꼼ϣǳ֮ۼ׵ŤʳɼĹ㡣
꣬˿˺
ʿȻҴҰأһȫҰĵطеǳ֮ǰ˵ĸǵҺǰǳ֮
ǹԣβΪŭҵĻϵļʯһ޴ʯɷ飡
ѹָĻȫǣǳ֮ˣЩʿɵĺ£
Һƴˣ
еķţӦɺĻ꼼һ䵽ǹϣͼɷ顣
ϧ̬һǵҲǴྶͥƺעеȫ֮ϡ
ǳ֮ۼ׵֮Уֻ꼼ɹȫǳ֮Ťɢˣһ˺ûУս
ͻȻһɸǿҵдסǳ֮ļպǸһһɼԸٶȷ
žž
еԣһģ춼ǹ⣬ǹһֱӽ˲סˡ
䣡
һƺ˵֮ϣ˵壬һȻ䱬鿪Ϊɢ
һɢסǳ֮Ȼֳˣһϵֽһǳ֮סͬķʽһǳ֮Ҳ˹硣
ͬһǳϵǳ֮ƺҪںһǳ֮䵽֮Ժ󣬺ǿոγɵۼһ
µǳ֮֮£һۼױúڵķĺڹ⣬һۼ֮
һԷޣôһ򣬱ɢˣǳ֮ҲˣνǼΪҡ
ɱһԷ֮ϽעתƵ˼յϣ׼ͬķԸˡ
ĿһľŹʿô׾ٱɱзȴܿƵؼǹȥ
ǳ֮
ǹ壬ǳ֮Լ֮ԲܿƵطҲΪסǳ֮ǳ֮Ϊһ壡
˲ͬһû˿ԥϿʼǳ֮뿪
ڼǹֻмʮ׵ʱ򣬼ճɹǳ֮룬ȥǳ֮յһˡ
ǳ֮һ֮зɳȥӦסʧˣһۼԼ꣬ϽȥǷ޻ɢ֮ľ
ʿ;ƺûκȤĿֻǳ֮
һԷɱֻ֮Żȡǳ֮ûзֳһ㾫ȡеľ
ȻЩӦûá
ãԼտǴã
Դǿ֮аǷ˵Ǹȴԥؽ˼ɢ֮ľˡ
Ѿɢܿͻʧ֮䣬ձǲǵľҲܹˣǾ˷ѵ
˼գ˵ǵľջܹΪǱѩޡ
ôһ룬оûκͲˡ
Щʱ򣬴֮зһǳ֮Ҳһǹ磬һڵķۼΪһ壬һۼ׸ǹڡ
ս˵ľ֮ǹҲڼյǳ֮塣
֪ǳ֮˴һ㡣ۿ˿գɱ⣬㻹ֻ·һôҰصˣһ뿪
ɫ΢䣬ĵϸȴ֪꼼ﶼЧôһ˵֪ᶯֵļգһ߰ţһ߻ȥﱣһξ롣
ܹɱǣΪ̰ǳ֮ǳ֮һԣնɱһǳ֮ҲҪˣҵҪҪζԸҡƽ
ЦΪǳ֮Ϳǵ׷ɱ𣿺ߣҾʶʶǰı£Цһֱ֮ϲͻȻڵһֱżճٶȾȻ硣
һϸæ֮ϵĹ֮зȥ
׷꣬ʮܹ֮޾СǰȴƣСӣΪ˹򣬾ܹӵõ
Ȼķɳǣǳ֮ɵĻۼԣǴֶлԴȻ֮֮ϣȫǳ֮γɵۼ׸˳ȥ
ﰲȻȻֱ֮У


384 ḣ
Уһ·ɳۡ
ǹۼԣٶȼ죬ԽԽ֮ݺ۳ţһۼײϵҫǳ֮⣬֮е䵽ϣϵۼ׸ֵ
ۿǹԽԽͷޱȣһԷѾ֤һĻ꼼ãǵֻ꼼û˺յĴ꼼ҲЧ
ǹԽԽʱ򣬼ղòĻ꼼ʩչâ溣ʹһ꼼ϵ䵽ĹϣǹȴɰȻҽӽٶȻһ֡
ܲģǰԸЩֻʿ̫ˣûʵ壬ĹһöûãҵҪʲôֶΣ
èϷһ㣬ﲻ׷յʱ򣬾ȻϾϻ
ʵ幥ֻʵĹܹЧ
ȻҪ;꣬ԽճɻҽϾ֮һûζַһеǶʵһŷյá
ôյ仯꣬һ˲䣬ֳ̬ʼһӣһ߾ۼ𣬺ܿأһ۳
ٿسΡ
ԶǹͻȻͣǹ￿ʱͻȻȥ͵عǹ塣
ͣͣ
ȻǹȷʵЧ˲סҵǹǳ֮嶼ȼˣôһӣͱ𸲸ˡ
ͻȻͣԹ֮Ľ˫֮Ҳ˾壬û뵽յγɻ棬ֻ棬ǡܹ˺
ղˡ
һЧˣתԽԽһش֮зݳϵسǹȥֱӽعס
ʿҪɱ㣡һҪɱ㣡
зؽţۼǹⱬ䣬һ貵ǹ⣬Ȼϵۼ֮зֱżպ
һĸ֮£ﾹȻɿԹ˼յϣǳ֮ԼջæܣǹԶԶء
ûϵﾹȻˣȻܹ񹥻ⰵļһȷ¡
ǿĹʬⰵĹӺһҲ޾֮еĸߵ壬һĸߵ壬ſǻۣķʽҲж֮
ڣǴڵ£Ҫ໹Ҫƾ꣡
УǷչʺǿ壬壬ҪʿһЩؾҪȽҪȻ
Ȼһĸߵ壬µħ
壬塭
壬ձͻȻҲרɱһؼʬǿ֮ĹԼƿعʬĹ꼼ְܷĹЧ
ͷһ𣬼ʼԣ޾ܹڵԪ۳ԪѾеȴ֪ľҲһ
ֻǣҪľ࣬ҲӸӣǰд½ʱԪ״̬ȻܹԪ
ѾŹ֮ǹʱҲ𸲸סˣ㹻ľʩչ
ֳһľһһһֳޱȵķţ֮и֣ҫŹĪĹâ
ȻɳâǵͼһӽǹС
аеţһ·˹ǹȻ衣

Ȼɫһֱҫ׷˫֮еһֳʧɫһ֮ǹͻȻ˶ԼյϮ˻ķգŲ·سԶݡ
ȻҲ֪
һǹıǶŻԵɱ
пϲҵԸķˣ
ͻȻ˹Ӧñ׷ɱļգһӳһǹ׷𲻷ˡ
һֱ׷ɱյǰĹһּվȻʩչǻɢͷһƫƧȥ
ٺ٣ԭҲ㺦µĶӣҵҪܹӵʲôط
Цʼ׷ǹﲻš
ٶҪȼյ껹죬ķ֮£еۼײòôһٶԻ缧շеĿˡ
סһԷţңңǹԶɫᣬ֮еʼչ׷ɱ
һӣһ׷һ˴ʮǣһˮƹҪʯ֮зţʯǳܼʯֻһСķ϶϶֮Уʱʱʯ
ʯ֮УбһͷУʵ״̬ܵӰ첻
ȻյЩʯķ϶֮УһʯУ궼ȻһۣԵĸо
ȻǳϤ֪ӦõԸգ֮ȥЩʯӰ죬ȻȴòģӦЩʯӰ졣
ôһ֮ľ룬ԽԽԶˣȻ𸲸ǣһǳ֮ۼףʵ̫аһ㣬ôʱ䣬Ȼû͸壬ûа취֮С
֮ľȻԶˣȴزλãֻͨҪڣӲ׷
Ҳ֪׷˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻУеʯʧˣǰȻ
ʯ
һûʯԼٶϿڹϣղǹľ벢رңԶ
ٶᵽ죬һǰѸٷȥ
һǳ֮ʺĻǣͻȻֳ֮ЩǾһԲ򣬱鲼ǰÿһϣǳ֮ڡ
ϲʶʵ֮أ
طӦǹأڵǳ֮Ǵһġ
һ£ֳֹ֮Ļǣٸ㹻ʣµѨȫ͸


385 
һҲõԯڵľŹʿ͸ΪŹǳ֮ˡ
Ƿḣ
ôһ׷ǹͷӼᶨˣﲻţҪնɱ
һǻǵӦģֻнնɱпӵһҪȻʱԱıܻںǳ֮;͵Ϯˡ
׷ȥ
ٶ죬һ·۵糸߸𣬾׼ǹ
򲻸ˣ׷һһž޴Ļ棬ǹ
յͨ죬ªֳʹɫһǳ֮ۼȻȴҲܵġ
ôʱķգϵǳ֮ӦǱĵĲˡ
֪Ӳķգ֪ȥһֻ·һˣԲǻֱͣɫʹţš
ʿǾ޾棡ֻҪǾĵطеĻǶǣ޾֮еǳԴ֮ǱЩʿ̣ˣ
ǵĴڣıиߵĵˣֻƻȴ֪죬һ죬޾ǳ֮ԴᱻǸ˷ѹ⣬ǸʱҲʱ̣
մ䵽һ˶Ļ棬һȽסˡ
ûмŶڣջϷˣֻΧȴʱûм˺
һϷ룬ǹڡ
ͻȻӸһſŵĻ棬һ˿˿貵ǹ⣬Щǹǹ׷ע֮С
Ȼϣһļ԰
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ǽһƬţȻѰҸĻǣĻǱǣǻ޾ѹôߵҪ࣬Ǹ

ⰵĹһҪʱ䣬ΪԼȡǳ֮һȷߣòҵйڣżһԶش޹˼ɡ
ճĬˣһ֪޾ĸߵۡ
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һеĳƺᶼ󲻵ڼΪ֮࣬Щ޾ߵУȻƻ޾Դ棡
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Ϊ̫ɺ򣬾Ϊ֤ݡ
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ʯбġ
ܶ˶˵ȻĳͷȴѰԭ򣬵ⰵһˡ
һʵǿԱģֻҪĴһһ̰Ժ˶һݹġ
ֻҪ಻ٽǱǣ򶼿ԱͿ̿ⱻȻ֮ǿڣ
ͻȻ䣬վԼ꣬·õĳ
ʲôûֻǶĳع֪ȻҪȴǻĳ
ȻҲ̫¼ŵİ֮һŹ֮ڴʱ򣬸Ҫ˽ؼİ壡

վǶһյ꣬ȴѸٱ仯š
Ѿֹͣ갵ذ壬ת˼ȦһͻȻ֮ӡȥ
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386 
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ڽʱⰵĹѸٵػָţڲ֪䣬ʧȥѾָһˡ
ȻĹﻹǲշɵҲҷܡ
ΪԣһƲɢڶ֮עŨ֮֮ôʱ䲢ûмֺ
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ڣֻҪһͿԽǳ֮׷
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ͬʱҲһʧеţڼյһš
еĹƣһӶջˣֺĹﱣһξ룬ոֵûˣ뿪ˡ
뿪һŵɫʵԸ뿪
˵ͷջֵ߰ɣҲɱ㣬뵽ʲôط͵ʲôطȥɣԶһ㣡
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ˣԭĵ̡Լ仯ļգֱڲŷӦԲ˼뿪ˡ
ô˵ţվ׼뿪ˡ
Ϊһ׼ɱǿռһطġ
ȻһȻһȻʣͻȻúһʿƺںܶ෽Ĳԡ
壬ƺ޾֮е壬룬ûн޾ǳһŽһŵĻȥ
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Լд½ˣȻҪеѣ֮ǡǡ֮ĹϵϣһŻǺһ֮жô
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Ĭˣǳֵشżգ֮󣬹һ಻һкܶ࣬ȻΪеǻὫǳ֮ɼ⣬Ϊ޾֮еǳ֮ȡ֮֮ߵġ
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ŻصǵҪ˶ãͻиʿǿԭҲǻǵأǧǰǱһʿˣŻǵˣΪ˱鷢ԺʿǶǾȫɱ»ڡ
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ԥ˺ܳһʱ䣬¶˾ģԼյ
Һȥھ̫ˣҪر壬Ҳ֪ʿǰ˲һʱ뿪壬һǳΣյ顣һʼܶģ̽һ¾ȴֻεؾܾ
׷һ׷ôʱ䣬ǼŪЩٵľ
һıѾ̫ңԶˣǶҪһˣҪһԷ޵ľҪȥˡ
Һһȥɣȥ˵ĻǵأЩеǳܹ֮ܲȡã֪л֮еǳֲ֮ϵġ
ðһȥˡȻ


387 аħŰ
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ӳڼ֮Уֽץžҫһ˿˿֮ϢǼ֮ͷųɽ֮е¶ȱǡ
ȻֻһǼֻᴫ֮Ѹܽ⣬ɽ֮е¶ȣҲڶʱϸ߷塣
״̬˶ãӹ壵ֻᴫϢὫһζıϢͷųֻ֮Ὣɽñһ
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֮еĹ壣ͻȻ˫ۣһֻͫǻ棬һֻͫ纮ֻǿһеžȻɳֻһ֮Ծ֮С
֮еȫݵգһֻǻ۾գգϷеֶһ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽˡ
һۣܹţ˵˷ǳʶ壬Ϊ²ҪǰأӴ˵ȷˡ
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Ĭˡ
ǲƣֻЩܽܰˣô˵׼ȰȥҲûˡ

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յݹһǣ֮Ŀеıأٸǵڡ
ۼǹڵİĵϿˣ󣬵ٸǳк󣬵Ͽ˫˷ܣطǰ廹ûٸǣһջ񡣡
ԿЩǿòáЦЦڵϿ˵֮صһµǳ֮Ҳǲˡ
áϿȻͬ⣬һͷһ˶ĻǵС


388 ¸
ļһеϿˣһ·մӵϿ˿֪޾顣
ͨϿ˵һЩʥ޺̫֮еľ޴֮ǰĹΪϵĸǻ֮һ
˶Ĺǿ·У֪̫޾ܣȻУܹڣȻһҪǿ̫ˡ
ֹܹȺ̫ϡˡ
˵֮ǰֹһҲֻʮѣЩܶˣֻܹǷëǡ
ʥ޺̫֮ĵĹǷǳ˵һ࣬յϿ˵һĹһЩ鲼޾ĸ䡣
ΪУ˵ֹ࣬ˣ֮л֮ǰǿ͹ͻƵʮ֮࣬Ҳۼ
յϿ˵޾иߵһģһδʱ򣬺ܶﶼΪ֮Уŵܹȫ
ңҲǴʱΨһһǳ
֮ڶĸߵǻۼΪУһЩ֮ǰһЩ
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޾֮еǿߣŴǰĹŸָߵ壬ı
˵Եõ޾ֵУֻҪܹҴԵõڱĵطòһС
յϿ˵ҲΧһʱ䣬ǰ޷ӦĲпɱŲѴǨƳһƬ
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˶ڻеǳ֮ҪԶԶ࣡
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ع壬˫ۣǺЦ

ʯأϿ˾޴壬Ȼڼձ׹䣬ҳһ޴ӳ
Ͽųβͣ߳󣬱Դ֮ʧɫҪʩչԸϿˡ
𶯣ⲻǵˡոæסЦŶԱԴ֮ҺһѣǵϿˣˡ
Դ֮ԵüΪȣǵϿ˺ܾãŵտգ㣬ô
ոʶãǵãǵѡЦЦ򵥽һ飬ñԴ֮ΪĽ˵ԺҲҪȥ޾档
Ͽغ󣬺ͱԴ֮ʶһ£ԹȡһƵ̳ץתһϿɫȻһ䣬ͻȻصħ
Ͽе̣ǰ̽һֱΪ˺ٻỨ棬ΪֲⷽĲ㣬˲չ̵ķ
ÿһˣһ̡
̲̽󣬻ͨжϳ壬Ͽֻתһת̷̣ͨ˲ڵصħɼжôˡ
Ҳ֪ħ
˵ͷϿɫأԵ÷ǳţħҲǴǰĹǳ£ѹôħڣԭΪص֮ħֹڡ


389 ʥһ
ʥһħҲǴ֮ǰĹħɣڲٿħֻҪħڵĵħᳬԽԪΪԭʼ
ħɵħ񶾣ŹƻģħΪһǴ֮ǰĹħУؼħżΪµǿ
֮ǰħҲŰ޾һӴħȻϡ٣ȴħƻģһ֮ǵȫħħˣħħǿռ֮ǡ
ǸԪħҲΪµһ壬акǿһ֧˼˾㡣
ħۼ֮ܵԴ󲿷ħڴֻмѣҲˣ¼Ԫĸ䡣
Ͽ˽ħ򵥽һ飬û뵽ﾹȻһħڣǵ鷳Ǵ󰡡
ȡ̣Ͽԥһ£գˡֱԣħܹԸ˵ģֻʮ֮ǿߣҰĳ֣пħһսǵȻ
ħΪ֮ǰĹǿڲٿħ϶ǼΪѶԸģϿ˻ǵжϣղ֡
ģ֮ǵĵصȻħħȴңħʱӡӦòǵ¡
ο˵Ͽһ䣬ս˵ܷǳǿ󣬵ȴֻܹħӰ֮ϵȴܹԸǣԣҪԵģҲֻ֮ϵħˡ
ӡϿԾܹӡħһҲǷǳĴڣ֪ʲôｫħӡ𣿡
ʥޡ
ʥ壿
Ͽٴξȡ̣תһ£ûиӦʥ޵ۼʥһڴ֮ǰ֮սУ˵˼ҪãҲΪˣʥһʧأܶ˶˵ʥһ屻ˣû뵽ʥ޴޾򡣡
ʥ壿ջǵһ˵йʥ޵ѶϢû̫ԥæʵʥʥޣкܶ𣿲ֻĸ
ȻֻĸˡϿһֵӣ͵ʥҲǴ֮ǰ壬Ӵޱȣܶʥ޵ͿܲһСǳС٣ʥ޷ֺ֣ܶƩ롢׻ߡڡȸȵȣʥ޵ܶģǴ·ǳԶǰҪƾ̫ˡ
롢ߡڣԭʥް૵Ƕʥ˸µʶ
ڴ֮ǰʥͺħڵӪˣҲѹʥ޻ӡħţħħɱʥڴ֮ӦҲʧأѾû㹻ħɱԲŲȡ˷ӡķϿ룬ͷ
տգѣ˽ܶӰһֱĬԵıԴ֮ȻȤ˵
ЦЦģǶ޾һЩҲȻ飬ôʲô𣿡
Դ֮ͷҵȷкܶ⣬ٺ٣ʥ޺һҲǳһЩءô˵ţԴ֮ͻȻѯʵϿˣϿˣܸܲңʲô壿
ϿҡͷҴһ͹۲㣬ȴ̬֪嶼һȻ¼Ԫųֵ֣̬̬ǡǡ
ʲô˵Դ֮ˡ
һֱԴ֮÷ǳµֹµϵĹµ˵޾ˣд½ϱŸʽ壬ÿһ϶ֹһȻԴʶ𣬾ûһͬࡣ
һַǳϵĹ¶һԴ֮ҲͬĽϧһֱû̬ͬ࣬ƵûһһƵı硣
Ͽ޾ֶԸȻأڱԴ֮Ͽ˿֪һЩܣΪϣԲŻ˼
̬ǡǺʹ֮ǰһЩƣӦ˵ƶڰٷ֮ʮңӦڴʱˣûбҲܹԣӦúû̫ĹϵһСӦýֻɺ϶ѡϿԴǣɫ졣
ƶڰٷ֮ʮңȻһƶѾܸˣͬԳƶȣһ˵ôߵ̬̬ƶȵ֮ЩԨԴ
ʲôԴ֮Ӽˣ޵ܹܲһν˵꣡
ħϿһӡ
ħʲôԴ֮Ȼ֪һ㣬ȴơ
Ӧ˵һ־ǧھۼںϺγɵһֹħҲǴ֮һǳ£ǰҲֻħƣȴ֪
˵֮սħźܴĹϵ¼ԪȻħϣȴŹͬʶǾֻҪħҪϧһдɱ
Ͽҡҡͷ̬ħЩƣָˣ㲻ħҪȻһԽɱûһὫ취Ϣݳȥʱ޾ǿ߶᲻ϧһд۽ȥϡ
Դ֮ͷҲŤĶ˶ҲħӦҡ
üͷڱԴ֮ȥĬãȻŶԵϿ˵ϿˣһæҪħ̬Ƶ飬ʶκˣ𣿡
Ͽԥһ£ŵ˵ͷðɣ֪㵣ʲô
лٴεлǺ˽Դ֮ǱڵĻ˻ὫԴ֮ȥò
ˣܶ࣡Ͽе̣ͻȻֳĹ㣬ЩĹ㣬˷Χ˹ΪӴ
ôһ˵յӦž쵽ǧ֮ħʼΧһղɵϿе̣Ӧ滹Ƿǳġ
ħӦùֻн½ϵħɾˣҲܷĵػؼˡţϿˣİӦúܻܿؼˣɣǿʼɣЩһȫɨ
û⣡Ͽ˽ۼԣǳ֮⣬һ䵽ϣڵǳ֮ԽԽࡣ
ħΧŨĻħѹѹһס
žž죬ռǱѹıˣһħ죬ܼĴһƬ
ʮȾŹʿħ˼ʵķߣĶɱġ
ħҳ壬űεĿռ䣬ɫ΢䣬ͻȻʶЩħѾ֪ܹռλƵķˣ


390 ħ
ħİ½ϣաϿ˺ͱԴ֮ˣվһۿڶħĿ
ɫϾûƽɣЩüչ
֮Ϊ鳬ԤϣһЩħȻŤռ䣬ֹ̫þпռλƣһ˵ħʵ̫࣬·½ħۼһ㡣
ħǳ࣬ҸּҲȫˣͼӦЩӦھ޷ŵǿħ˹ǿͷħҲˡ
˱仯һӽձļƻˡ
ԭ׼ħ֪ڱһԽЩħȫˣЩħոճֵʱģÿ̫þϵظıսǵռ䱻ŤܹпռλƵʱʶһο϶ǳ鷳
ЩħȻ֯ˣӦͷͷħĴ֮£˷ۼġ
ħʶһδǲħֻ𲻵Ӧеãˣħ¶˾ģȻħľ޷ڹҽеħǿȫˡ
ǹעһˡ
鷳ˡԴ֮
˵ͷݳһ˿ɬЦݣȷЩ鷳ϣܹЩħȫˡ
˵ⷬʱ򣬼նûףħĹߣֻҪȫ֣ͷħ⣬ûһħ
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ʮħؽΧǰĶǿħֱһħûпռλֶε£ҪЩ޴ħȫɵ붼ͷƤ顣
ħڳˣͷħ죬ڶȾŹʿħΧ֮У˼˵ǰ
ħȻûнǵϿ˷ֻǶŵϿ˿һۣͽ߷ŵ˼յϣûһϻֱӿżɽ֣ͨ򿪣Եõʥ޵ͻƵʮ֮һᡣ
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ҿɲܹᡣЦЦҫȡһԪ֮нȭ״ϡ
ԪӼڷݳʱ򣬵ϿɫǾ죬Ԫ飡
ղ׼ħֵģϿôһУһҲ֪Ԫ飿
Ͽ˵˵ͷȻ󾪵Ȼ˵ȽЩ鷳ɣ
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ϣ£˷Щħڻţˣӵص֮УӿħЩħ޾ĺڰһƬء
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ϿȻŸոպЩħ棬ȴƺȼջҪЩħһص֮ħӿϿϳѼա
ûʱشϿˣΪЩܼħҪĿħĲΧκλὲ
еľӦЩħˣҫ֯һž޴ѪŨ֮Ѫ֮Уҫţɾ޴Ѫ״һħ˺ҧɷ顣
ȭ׺Ȼξ˼˲䱻ʩչڹ׺УεȥϮħɷǣһݳ
Դ֮ҲȫעûʩչǾ۾ؿǷϵԪ飬ԪգѰɡ
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ЩħһЩǹУǵôǿӲֱӶˡ
ôһٸǿħڵϿ˵ǹ֮бɱЩħһ죬Ԫ֮еꡣ
Ԫϣһħ곶Уڼֱ֮ϵȭΪһԪ࣬ǶԸЩʵرǿħǲѡ
һҫһȭףֽϵشĹЩ͵Ĺ֮£һֻֻħɱ걻Ԫա
ϿҲ䵱ɱ¾ۼеǹ֮һħ屻˲ˡ
Ҳħڲܼǹ֮У嵽˵Ͽ˵ǰȻЩǿ֮ħ˴ڵϿ˵ϣƴȫ˺ҧȴܹϿ˵˺һƤ
ֹ䵽Ͽ˵ۼ棬ֻǴײϿ˰Ȼ
һȾŹʿǿħ޴צӺݺݵץϿ˵ϣҲûнϵۼ׸飬ȻϿһģµĻǹҫֱӱ˿
Ͽ˵ǿ󣬹ȻյϣǱҪԸյħ죬Ҳʶ˵Ͽ˵Ŀ֮
ͷħ죬ڼպ͵Ͽ֮ԥһȻ˼գΪȶԸϿˡ
УΪϿ˵вȼջҪһ㡣
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͵ϿһħʯŨŨħǧٲĸϣԵָĹ
Ͽϵǳ֮⣬䵽ħϣĺڶ֮Уһš
ħ죬Գһ˿ʹ֮⣬ϲûиı仯ûбǹֱӸ͸塣
ħ죬Ͼħ죬ȻһħҪǿ࣡
ڵϿ˵ĵ֮£ħ˵Ͽ˵ԣͬǿ࣬һ˲Ťһھ춯صײУ˲佻ǧٴΡ
ħ͵Ͽ˷ƾУħ첻ܹƵϿϵۼףϿǳ֮ҲܹħϲǧٲħƵ
ҵĽһ𣬱˴ϵħǳ֮⣬ĵˡ
ֻԶԶۣձüͷĳϿ˺ħħѾΪյսˣϵħǳ֮ⲻϵصֶؼȻ̬һȴŷǳǿ
ڵĵϿ˺ħ죬Լǳ֮ħ˳Ҫǳ֮ħǿķһҪƵǳ֮ħ
УֻҪ˭ϵľһ˾ͻᵹùȺľˣ³϶ǳңΪǵ϶Ƿǳƶʧȥǿ꽫òһ
ˣֻҪķݻ٣ôǵҲӲȥֻܹ׻ȥ
յİǵϿˣϧʣµʮħѾΧסˣ뿪Ļᡣ
ʮħнٸžŹʿĴڣǧŰʿǿħ˶Խû
Դ֮ҲʼˣһֻֻħĶ֮±ԣظŪЧҲǳߣֻҪʩչسħǶǳƬƬıɱ
ϧʮħʵ̫ˣ·ɱ֮ȫ֣Ҳֻɱһħѡ
ħʮ򣡰ЧȥǱҪɱʮħ
ңԽܹħԽǿϵľ޴ƣ˵ȫľ
տգҵѾĵˣ֧Ų̫ˣأſڼռϵıԴ֮Խ
ҵĳɣԳһɱħҵҲȫľˡտЦ
տգһʩչʩչɣֻɱΧſǶᱻӲԴ֮
Ҳ밡һ֮ôʱ䣬ûа취ְ壬˼ٴΣаεҡͷ
һΰɣֻ취ˡ㲻ܹǾֻ·һ
ðɣһΡ


391 ҵоˣ
а̾ȻԪٻأ׼ɫ׳
κϣеͷһ𣬱·ͻȻĳľ硣
һ̣һööɫ״ȭ֮зݳÿһɫ֮Уʮһ㡣
ûнǰڹʮѨ̲ǳ֮һԷѰǳ֮ϵǳ֮ȻϿ˵ȥڵϿ˵ǳϣҲһǳ֮
ˣڵѨһʮһ̲ǳ֮ɫֵ֮Ĺȫһ£
ңЩǳ㣬Ĺ켣תţ
ɫ״ȭ֮зݳѸٵƮ࣬һһɫӿÿһɫ׶ǴСȣƣ׹ÿһɫ֮жʮһ˸
ÿһɫ׷ݳڵᱻһ֣Ԫ֮Ҳӿȭ֮С
ƮţոоԼ·ܹ׾ÿһÿһı仯ֱ仯ƿظУԼԲٿɫףЩɫ仯κεĹ

һԺͻȻðôһͷͻȻ䣬Լҵ˸оҵ˵Щɫ׵ĸоˣ
ָоһİƺһӱüˣ֮УƺҪЩʲôֻҪһööɫ׽ڣϢʩЩɫ֮Ͼˡ
ʣµ飬Ҫ֣ЩɫȻᰴĹ켣תؼ벻ͨʱǧѣһˣȴּȻ
һööɫ״ȭ֮зݳڵԪЩɫ׸ա
ڣʮһɫףһ࣬һ٣⣬겻ϵر仯ŷλ
ʮһɫףÿһɫ֮Уʮһɫ㣬Щ㻹ɫױռյ˶ţ˴֮໥ײǳ
ͬʱһɷǳǿЩɫ֮бԼΪģһǿ֮ʼ˷ӣ
һλҪǿҼʮĿֲ񳱣ϯһУ
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ԼΪģ˱һ㣬˷ӣ
֮Щħûκεĵֵȫʧ½ֱֲӱˡ
һɿ֮ûԤףȴ
̶̼ӵʱ䣬Բǧ֮ڵĴأ׳죬ħħͰĵϿˣſڼռϲܲıԴ֮⣬һȥɸɾ
еħҪôҷˣҪôըķѣĴظûˡ
ջ꣡Դ֮æѡ
ɫãȻһ㵵ļȻ򣬴ʱΧһжʧˣɫ׶Ѿƺ˼Զ֮غըҲƺ֮䡣
Ȼɵϣȴһɼħ꣬ħ꣬ΪŨĺնˡ
ͻȻӿֳϲ֮飬˵ֽԪ˳ȥͬһʱ䣬ۼڽʣԪ꿪ʼ
ԪԪɳγһľ޴УЩ˲ɱδӦħ꣬ɼسԪȥƺ̽ϽԪ֮С
Ԫâ䣬ӰԽԽˣʮħ꣬ţȴûһܹݵڶ̶̼ʮʱڣеħ꣬Ԫոɸɾ
տգ̫ǿˣ㾹Ȼˣ죡ʮħȻһȫٵտհ̫˲˼ˣԴ֮۴Уһģ
ԪڽħȫȥˣԪϣâڷ΢ı仯
ӣڴʱϿͻȻһ
ħħɫ֮Ǿ壬Ҵҵسŵص֮ȥ
Ͽ˳βڿ֮Сžžֱ죬ɱڵسͷħҪħ
գĻ꣡Ͽ˳ͷħʱ򣬲Ѽһ䡣
Ӧ˹ӦһֱӽеԪƶ͵ؿħħͷա
ԶԸϿˣͻƵϿôǿֱ˺꣬ôӦһħħã
ЩͷԺ֮һţٿؽʩչħͷϵԪһķҫʼӰ˵ꡣ
׼ͨص׷϶صħ죬Ȼһ类ػԴһ㣬ص׵ͻȻֱͷڵħţǶʹĺ
͵ϿһħȻǳ̬Ȼȴǳǳ
һĻ꼼ԸʵǳѣƩâͻĻ꼼֮ϣԸŹʿħʵЧʿֵķ֮лᱻأȻһĵ
ȷʵ·Ŵ͸һʵֱָ
Ը۷֮ź͵Ͽһǿ֮£һͬ裬˿á
ħҲ
ͷҽеʱԪסУԪ֮еţһһؽħ壬֮С
ħĲҽȻֹ
˫֮ãȻ𽥻ɢʼһشţˮһϵĳǧƵĹħϷţ·Ѱű壬ѰſԴ塣
ħȫɢǱϵǧ˿ƵħһͷϸСĺߣشƮ˳ȥ
ͬʱһԪٻħԴա
ħģ꣬Դ֮зݳؽԪ鵱УΪԪעǿһ
һͻȻûɣĵǽЩ˵鷳ˡ
СģͻȻϿ˴һħ֮룬ˣ
ɫȻһ䣬ϷǳǧͷҪϸħͬһ㣬ͻȻӿ
ӦЩǧħߣȫˮһϣȻͨëϸ֮С
棡ûոɾȥҵϿ˴УǳС
վ֮ԲڵĲ仯Ϊ̬Щħ֮롣


392 ħ֮ܣ
飡
յͻȻȼܻ棬ζ֮£ʼߣƻͫǿ֮ðݳ죬ޱȡ
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Ȼħ֮뼧յڣȴʼղܹ뼧յѪ֮Уһħ֮ӽڵѪôʥڼѪ֮еϾͻᱬħ֮ȥ
ʥ޺ħ֮Ľ棬κһطǼյ֮ڣ˴ҲƳˮһ
ħ֮Σʥ޵ľѪȻѾȺͼյѪںϣûа취ֻܹ뼧յĹڣ׼Щطפ
ϧħ֮Ըһܹʵ֣ζӼյȼ֮Щħ֮ϸо˻Ե
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ǹѪζ𶼿Եζ֮ǳ£ֻҪЩħ֮뱻ζܿͻᱻȼոɾ
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ζÿһߣŵζЩѨȴζȻԴﵽÿһ䣬ȴΨܹЩǳ֮Ѩ
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ȻһѨ֮󣬻ȼħ֮룬Լҽ
һѨѨ֮еǳ֮Ͽʼͨ죬ֻһѨڱ㴫ܵľ޴ʹ࣬ʹ˵ǿңüϷ˼׷𣬲òջء
һʹ̫̣һԭǳ֮֮£ʼ˲ı仯
֮£ǳ֮ʲô䣬ӰԺ˵ش壬ˣֻһԥͽѨڵ
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˵յеķʹùˣϧܽЩħ֮֮ԴǽҵѨ֮ڣͷ·ҵѨˣʲô𲻵Ч
ѨϿԵ÷ǳ𾪣˫֮ǵǣħ֮ħĺ룬ħӴħħܹ֮Ϊħħܹ֮ôȫΪЩħ֮ϣ
Ͽɫ֮Ĺǣħ֮ŷǳǿħǿκ仯ΪǿޱȵħȻǿԴһǳǿҲӰǣħħʼħ
ô죿Դ֮Ҳ
ħ֮븯ʴһ־Ҫһ̣գֻҪڱħ֮븯ʴ֮ǰӵƿħ֮ķɣħ֮븯ʴ֮ǰԷħ֮Ӱ㲻ᱻʴܹõħ֮еǿ
Ͽԥһ£ֵħ֮Уٴħ֮һգܹƿЩҲħĸʴֻƾħ֮Ϳ̥ǣɿӵʮʿǿ壬ľܹϣôͿԽʮ֮
һŵϿ˿һ૵ô˵ħ֮룬ֻҪܹսʤħĸʴһܹø
˼Ͽ˿϶صͷ
ܹܲսʤЩħ֮ĸʴҲ˵Ҹұ֤ǲң뿪ҵѨһǴҵѨ֮뿪ҿһ£ȻſʼЩħ֮ڵѨܼܲЩѨۼǳ֮
ϣһЩǳ֮Ѩûκ쳣Ŀʼۼϵǳ֮
֮⣬Щİ½ӴħҲڵЩѨػЩħ֮ڵѨ֮ڣһӳӯЩѨ
İ½Ӵħ˷ۼȫӿЩħ֮ڵѨ֮ڣħޱȵӴһ˲յڶһɾ޴
ͻȻ䣬ջƣħԼ˵꼧ļַ緶
ͣͣ
доЩԾЩӿѨ֮ڵħȻϵǳ֮Ҫܶ࣡һҪ࣡
Ȼ֪ǲܵЩħ֮Ӱ죬İ½ħĿƣɿӿڵĻѨ֮ڡ
ôһȻİ½ħ֮һѾʮһѨ֮ڣһԽԽࡣ
صŪŪħһӿȫѨ֮ڣħһ㣬ħ졣
ܿأǳ֮ʮһѨڵռ䣬Щħˣ½֮һħȻȫһ˵塣
ħֹͣӿ룬ʼħƣæʼƿЩħϣܹЩħ޳塣
أһЩѨ֮ڵħ֮룬·ͻȻһ㣬һӽЩħȫɨ
һħ̣żյԶԶߡ
㶣һУЩԶħĻۣ˲һڵħ򣬱аħ
⡭ħ۵ħ򣬼Լȴסˡ


393 ȥ
ħԪһؼԪƽͣħ壬̬һȴԸߴǿĹ
ϾЩͬõķʽӦҲ΢ЩȻһЩ̲Ѩ֮еħȴ׾ٵرʹ˳۳һöħ
˼յϣ벻ħΪʲôôӦ֣һħı仯·𶼳ĵı仯ֻҪ䶯ڵħͿκε̬
ҪȥȥӦЩħͷ·һ֣Աɵʩչһĸо
ħ֮һץħ鿪˿˿ƵħָߣΪʧ
һŶ̲Ѫ֮еԪһöɫɳ֣üͷ΢壬һУЩɢħٴؾۣħ
һɫףһħƺͻ
Ͽ˺ͱԴ֮һֱĬĬع۲żգۼ׾ٵظħҲԵ÷ǳȣȵ˿һɫףһħ֮ϵľ͸һЩ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣôƿħ÷ʽԴ֮
Цŵ˵ͷΣ͵ûκѶȣֻҪһЩħǳʶȤֵ̬Ĳ֪Ϊʲôô򵥣·𣬿ħֻһܡ
ϿȻһ£ŵħ֮ħΪһʣħ֮ۼħϵħЩħ֮壬Ѿһ֣ôһħǶмˣħΪħɵ壬ħУĺ룬Ҳ̳һħħ֮
ħ֮룬ͷ۵ĶϣⶫܹһֱʵʵڣҪȻЩ鷳ԥһ£̾Ϣ
տգЩħȫˣǲӦûȥˣ
ҵˣ˵ͷǵϿЦһһҪæˣǵĴ½ڿ϶鷳أұҪȥҽǱߵˣһٴλġ
ϿͻȻЩŤǸ㲻ĻҲ뵽Ĵ½
ΪΣպ֡
ûȥ֮ǣһֱڻǺ뿴ǵ֮ʲôӣҡЩ档Ͽ˿Щ˼
ϿǰˣòȻͬд½᲻ʲô鷳
üͷ˼ԼһԼд½飬᲻Щ鷳
ҪǲĻǾˡϿ˼¶ɫ˵һ䣺ףڱ壬ų⣬Ǻ±壬᱾ܵؽ嵱ɵ˿
Ͽôһ˵շ¶˾ģû£һ𣬲ʲô⣬Ǵ½ңһҲûʲôϵ
Ͽǰĸ֣֮д½ϣǺܹ˺棬˵ڹؼʱܹ𵽵ãô롣
̫ˣһֱǳ֮ǣй涨ȥ֮ǣ롣ţҵģҲΥϿϲ
߰ɣȥռǸطֱͨд½
֪˵Ͽһ̧ͷһԪ߸Ƕڷ΢ı仯˸˸ԴԪ֮ͷųһַǳĸо
ͻȻϿ֮ǰľһϵԪģֵؿŵϿ˵֪Ԫ飿
һ˵ţһ߳Ǿ޷ڷȥڵѨ̲ǳֿ֮ƿշˡ
Ͽ˻ۼ֮ȫŨǳ֮ȻҲӵſٵķڣٶȱȼջҪֻ࣬Ͽ˲ظڼ󣬿еԪͷǵģ֪Ԫ飬һñ
Ͽ˶˵Ǻñüһϲæʵʲô
ԪҲĶ˵Ǵ֮ǰĲԪӵžۼ˵ԪۼԽࡢԽǿܹӵþԽǰʱһǿʮʿԪ飬ݺ֣֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬱ΧɱˣȻԪͲټˡ
֪˽ʲô֣ܾпڰ̣̲ס׷ʡ
ҡҡͷϿ˵֪ȥ̫ʱˣֻҳ˵£ûж˵ߣֻ˵ԪǳصԪ֮Ԫۼ㹻֮󣬾˵ԴҲ֪ǲġ
Ȼһ˵Ԫ黹ֹЧ
ȭ׺ҲԪ飬ûⷽĽܣȭ׺һԪŪѯʵϿˡ
Ͽ˶ȭ׺ڿ˺һٴҡͷԭ϶ԪӦԪԭĳߵģԪȻ棬Ӧûԣǿ϶һʼԪġ
յ˵ͷͨϿˣȻûеõ̫ԪѶϢȴ֪Ԫڴ֮ǰյϿ˵֮ǰıĺöôԪһֵˡ
Ԫһˣʮа˾źͰйأǱΧɱģ˵ԪһγܹвٵˣаԼл򣬶ȻҪСһ㡣
ƲѣòҪԶԪ飬ñ֮еĸַ֣ǳûбҪ鷳
͵Ͽһ̸һ߿ٳǾ޷ȥٶȼ죬һʱ󣬾ħľ޷ڡ
޷ϵĿռУǾ޴ڣ֮ںˮʱʱһµ޲ʾǶ̶̶ס
ۼ;֮žͷжɱЩ˷ܣָǿռͿͨڵд½ҿԻؼˡ
Ͽ˵ͷҲЩڴҶЩȲˣҵһ̤֮ǣڿԼʶʶˡ
տգ߰ɣԻд½Դ֮µ
һХʸֱǿռȥֵصĵѣθһγ֣ɫĹ֮ӲرڵĻʳһ˷ֲ巽
Ƽһ㣬ͷתļշǰУ֮еķٶͻȻӿʮ
ѪȻ֮ħʥ޵ĽȻһѿһ϶
ݣݣ
պ͵ϿˣǷ϶ֵһǼ䣬ͻȻȥ


394 ߹
д½̶̶ס
աԴ֮Ͽˣһڶ̶̶ף̶δΪһط궾Ʋɢ̶ˮۺȳ
ͻȻڶ̶̶ֳ󣬼ͬʱ̶̶ˮǿҵĸʴȻԯ֮ٶ̶֣ף̶ܶЩ̶ˮĸʴ˺
Ͽ˻ۼǹܲγǹ֣Ƕ̶̶ˮͲܹ壬ȻҲ˺
һԴ֮Ƕ֮ڣݵض̶ڸţһǳõģ֮ǰԸİ½ħľ޴ڶ̶ڷʼѸٻָ
һ̶֣֮Ͻ̶εˣ˾ȻǼ֮˫֮бĹâڶ̶̶׶ô

աϿˡԴ֮һӶ̶֮зŨƵĶ̶Ϸֳ
̶ףһƵħڶ̶֮УƬ֮ЩħʧΡ
ħİ½ڽѿһ˲䣬ͼһ˶̶֮Уȵº£֮ħҲͲˡ
磬ô˶̶ߣû˿ԥյʵ
ĳƺǰѾͬնˣѪǳŨңһִ̣һצҫײеĹâ̲صԶԶһС
ףΪʼѪ۵ѪžŹ֮ΪһȫڻѪҺ֮Уɱ֮ѪһľѪȫĸУĽ
﷢˾޴ı仯ǿҪӳ˵صףҴӵصߵֻˡ
ȻԻرϤҲøνһϸĽͨһ˵ȴװһˡ
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бĵط˹ģǸŮȥ˴ӵǶǸŮǰ϶ģģؽ
ĵطˣӦָаħ½ĸ̶֣Ůˣֳģ⣡
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Ҳȥæʾ¼ջƵģڱǰˣҿ԰ģУ֪ȥʲôطΪʲôΪʲôð
ȷǰ࣬ӦúͳŹ֮ʿ࣬ΪӴ󣬻Ƥʯս֮УþѷɫŹ֮ǿߡ
Уؼʱڣڶ̶Ҳ̫ġ
ˣ£յ˵ͷðɣһȥԯȣԺĵڶңһҲңʲô鷳ǵȥԯȣ˵ˣ㣡
˶ͷ­˵ͷ˼Լˡ

ԯȡ
Īºˡɡˣһüչڹڷš
ǺѾȫתˣľ޺Ͱͼ˺ǺÿһĽƶʩչ۷壬ƺԤĳشΣ
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׼ȷҪ˶ãǹħӦþͻˡ׼ҵ׿Ϊ׼ҵļ׿ʱΣɫȻҸոյõϢǰħȥ׼ڵĶ塣
ħӦȥ屨ģһһħ׼ҵĸָ˿ռ϶˾ţ֮ػд½Ӧ÷ǳɺ׼ңԴӶغ󣬵һĿ׼ҡɫء
׿ͷȻǹħ׼Ȼٵ׼ңΪħߵĸɨҽ׼ҵĸֶǨƵǶģֻһЩΧչͨˣҪȻһ׼ڽˣ
̫磬һΣһܹ˵ڶΡĪ³̾һͷϵİ׷ԽԽˣҡͷεԯȲԶħӶ뿪֮һĿ϶ԯˣԯȺ͹ħ֮ĳ𣬱ǶĳҪ϶ܿģ
϶ΪһĹħ̫ˣӶһ·ɱûһʿɿԵֵֻҪǹħʿȫɱˡһ·ɱǧʿɱһʿΪµСħˣһԯȣ£ǺһסҲǰ̾Ϣ
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ˣԯȺɽȥɽķ򣬿ʼµľݵ㣬ЩطǺıΧ֮ڡ
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ھͺˣֻҪڣܾʲôսʤ˳Ĭ˺һͻȻ̾Ϣһ䡣
˷׷׿Цѣĵ˿ռˣʮа˾ѾռɱˣǿҲ֪Ǹռ϶֮ˣһǶҲ·ˡ

֮·ţѪۻ֮󲻵ԿˣٶҲ
δǰԯȣԭٶҲҪʱ䣬Ȼȫ裬ֻ˴ʱҪԯڡ
ͨյĽ֪˼ڿռľ֪սħһĴ½
֮Ҳʵ߼ն̶̶ףͨǸİ½ڣ˵ǰԯھŹ֮ͨڽˣȻһȥأԶʧˡ
ռ˽ʵЩеľŹʿںħĽ֮䡣
һΣǵõ˵Ͽ˵ȺɱĿֲֻϰ˼ҵľžŹ۷֮ΪҲҪİ½ϲɡ
ţǾŹ۷֮Ĳ棬۷֮İǸħɽҰĴ½Ҳ·һ
һÿһһħħһħħԽһŹ۷ǿ߸ŪĿ಻ˣƴȫɱһħħ϶ҲҪʮ֮߰ˡ
ʱ򣬻ҪԽٸȾŹʿħǧȰʿħټʮħʣʲô˵ĵ
ڼʮʿ˾޴ħǶҪͷ֣οʧȥ̫ľŹʿ
ˣǰԯİ½־֮£ܹĻᣬʵ̫ãһ㡣

ħտգħԯȣԴ֮ļ˼յ˼һʵ硣
ԯȵĺɽ֮У춼ǹħ裬һСħţɱֱ֮еʿŷĹħϣ˫ûһ˿ĸ飬ȻûһϢ֮
ħע·սͻȻ䣬Ӧ㣬ͻȻĿǰϵļ͵ؽ㡣
գħٿХ˳ǰһȫ鿪


395 
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Ȼտʼħȴʧмβһ㻹ոˣ˵ħʲô˵ĻǼɾɺ޵һˡ
һ֣ħϾͲ˼ϵһϤϢûκεԥħϷɻĿȻֱָն
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ħҲǰĹħˣ
Ĺħ֮ǿ󣬼ֱ춯أ
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϶Ϊһ֮ĹħڻµĹħǻۻԶԶǰ
ǿȾŹ۷֮ǿߣټϹħǹĪ⼸̬¼䣬ܹԹħвˣǡĲˡ
µ֣Ͽɫ΢䣬еתһ£Ͼ
Ͽǵһν֮ǣ֮ǴڵӦöֲ֪Ŷԡ
ȻŹûдϰ죬ȴͻȻ˹ħһӼ˵Ͽ˵ĺġ
ϿеתתֳĹѰź͹ħƵ̬
ʱ򣬹ħѾ䵽˼յͷϣŨŨűɱ¾ϢǹħĲ֮£Ȼ䣬ңңС
һպȵħþòˣȻɹ˺壬ˣһɱ㣡
ħԭĹħˣֺǰļգ
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ˣİ½ڵѨ̲ǳ֮Ҳˡ
ħڽһѸٽţһλ棬˿νƾС
ЦһճһûʹȭףҲûֳҫֻǽԪ֮еڸŨҵ֮УֻǽеĻâͷų
һǼ䣬â֯ڵ£Щâȸǰ
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ħȻɫûϵѾһֶθˣһʱûзӦ
ٺ٣ȷԽԽǿˣұǿٶȣ죡ЦͻȻҿʼ
һǹħɫ֮ͻȻֳһ˿־壬Ļ꼼Ȼǹħǡ
һħ̬ȻģȻһ˲ʧһ̣һ֮ĳϸߣ˷㼯ֱżճȥ
ħ̬Ϊ⣬ʵ֮䣬ֻҪҪ仯κε̬֣Ȼ껯Ϊٹɣ˵׾ٵ顣
Ȼħǳ֮еˣһԪ֣Լ̬ȥΪɣɢ˷
ôһѰλã޷ԪסҲܹɱ
ɢɵĹħɿӴޱȵЩкʿԹ޾ȵۼһȫ򼧳ա
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ӰΣ˵һ˵һֹƻĵʶ
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֮еԹ޵ȸЩħɱʿҲһڸصķصڵЩǹħƾ̣
Ͽ˶һӹħϣ˼ħֿԱ仯ǧʵ̬֮嵽˵Ͽˡ
Դ֮ûкͼһ𣬷͵Ͽ˿ţֵضŵϿе̿һۣƲƲ죬ǽֳôҲûжô˲𰡡
ϿȻ˱Դ֮һۣʵҲܣ
ȻԴֵ֮һǶôѵģ
˻һϿЩܴŹֵҡҡͷ귽ϣȷԶԶǣǰ壬ֻ֪̬֮ƺٳ֣һܹΪٹɵģһЩߵȼǿĴڣû뵽֮ǣôľϲ
Դ֮˼ؿеļգ֪Щʲô˼
ħ仯Ϊٹ֮УΪ޾ĳޡԹӰ켧յǣüձָռݣΪƿصĹħ
ϧħȴԼƺ⣬ָյԺ֮һʼʱƺȷһã٣ж˼ãȻ
ܿأЩãȻ֮ɫʧӰˣֻ΢΢ҫһ˿ͽմãȻ֮и
֮󣬹ħʩչЩҲܹӰ켧յǣЩڸߵľ־䵽յ֮ʯ󺣣ȻʧӰ١
ʱ򣬼ջָѣһۣЦ˳ԭӵֻǴ긺İ棬ȴûи򣬲ˡ
һ䣬ٴα仯һݳЩڷɳı仯˷ӿȥ
껯ΪƣȴǱڰеĹħһգϢʼɢֻǹħҲʱ𽥵ļ
ŭˣЩѳٹɹɵ꣬һ˲ºһˣԭӦģĹħͻȻޱȣһ˵̬
Ѫɽһζžž죬ħ巢ޱȵı仯
ɫ
һ̵Ĺħ·ŽʩչѪζԲ壬֮壬Ҳʵʵڵģ
ŨĻؼɷȫۼ˹ħ֮ڣܿأһߺһôڼյǰֳ
ʵ壡
ɫ壬˫ûи飬ͫҲɫͷɫ磬аϢ𣬼Ҫأһɫף׺гΪһ壬·ֻһ֡
һǿ֮꣬ڹħͷ­֮ţǾٹؾ۵̬
һ壬һĪ꣬µĹħµĹħ
ԪңңħγɵУҲ߷ˡ
ȻʱȴʧȥãٵһķŷŹħתš
ħһ֮Уȷ·Ĵӹħ֮зɱ
ȻڹħĽ֮£Ǵȴεذͷ­֮вۼʩչô궼µ֮з롣
̬Ƴһ꼼ȻԹħЧ⵱һǳľķ֡
ǹħӦɱãҪȻ֮£ħ겻ȻҪĴЧҪȽħȥ
ֻйħȥˣֻûı¶˿֮Упܱɱá
գ̫СˣһҲˡҺ֮ǰͷûʵԿڶʱں֮ĵһǾۼؼжõϢƽеҷˣȻҪҾ
ħ忪˵֮ǰɫͫɱȻ
ռλһ㣬ħٿس˼յûκεԤף·˿ռ䣬һȭڼյĺġ
ɽ㣬Ϊֲһȭ֮У˲ڼյĺı
֮ڼյ֮ڣֱӽոķ죬Ӵٸſͣ
ħӰȻʧֹȰٶ֣͵س֮ļյǺģһȭһνոɳȥ
ӵʵ֮Ĺħٶ֮쳬κ˵󣬶˵·ռûκεľԣֻҪȥͻ˲κεĵطҿɽҹơ

ħͬȣһδʧһδγڼյԣżչը
ôһ򣬼յ屻ħٴΣ߿Ѫɫ԰֮
໣
ͻȻһ֪ô£ħӿŨ֮ľħͻȻӿγһ޴ħϡ

ħһεĽͻȻײħ֮ϣӰȻ֡
ɫ԰ףȴħļգͻȻЦˣ
ȭֳһöĶشСɫףͻȻȭ֮зݳɫ׷·ԼٿһͶ˹ħֱŹħݶҡ
ͬʱħļգһööĥ̴Сɫ׳ЩɫԼ˷κֻҪͼᱻЩɫ׸
ڹħ֮±бնϵĽѪ֮£ѸٵĻָš
ؿڵıͨһȭͷСѪڣѪɽһϸ飬ѪŹĪı仯ۿɼٶϻָ
ֻһؿڱļգѾָ˹ϵĲ԰ɫҲʧˡ
֮Ͽ˴һһŵģżϸ˼ۣϽŪе̣죬Ͽ˾һеƣȻô̵ʱڣȫָ˹Ǹ
ڵƣȫָ˹ɫ󣬷·ոյƺ޹أΧɫţҿ϶ħô׵Ŀ
ĶشСɫ׵׷£ħԻңڿռ֮вϵر仯λãɫȻ̬ȴʼ׷
ħһ˲ƶţһ߰עżգּջħ죬һööɫ׸ֳ󣬹ħô׵˺ˡ
ոһĹԭΪѾɱˣȻһվȻȻѪùħиӾȡ
ͻȻ䣬ħʼֲ弧յ˭ˡ
ֹħ廹ǳħһ֮󣬱һӦеϢǿ֮£Ե÷ǳϡ
Ҳ࣡죬ħôһ仰ӰȻģ˲ûټ


396 ˣ
Ҳ࣡
ħ֮ǰֻôһ仰ʧ֮Щ֮׷ɱԯʿСħҲһһʧŹħĲ뿪ˡ
ԯȵһѣôһ׻⡣
ħߣԯȵϢҲʧˣյӦÿĲŶԣȻȴ˷ܲ
Ҳ࣡
ħһһ˼յѡ
Żħ죬Լ鸴ӣã
ࣿ
ƺǳƺģһֱնֳƺڹħһĴڣҲƺΪָ࣬оڡ
죬Ц૵ʱҶģڵңĺԽԽԶˡ
ħ죬ѪҺ֮ʥ޵ľѪԱ仯״ֿԱ仯̬ǿļԲԼһʿȣѾ췭ظı仯
ǹħƺΪ࣬ҲС
ͻȻ˼ĪΣı仯ЩɫһһʧѨ֮ӿĳħҲһѨ֮С
Ȼ֮УԶѸԯȸ֣ȴ˲оȻһԱԼѾ㲻ˣˡһͱԴ֮һˡ
Ͽʱ˼գƺһ̼еԹԵ˵ˣһ˲һʿ֮ʼǾͺ಻һˣǵ壬ŵõ񣬻᲻ϵط仯ˣÿһʿ̬̬ǲһˣǰ֮ǰ͹עǡ
иߵһȡȡ޾ǣ̤һʼڷȫϸıøʺ޾ǣȻһͨ˲һˡ
ڵ㣬ȷΧЩʿһ룬Ǻͨѵһ꣬ǵ˺ħһ𣿡
˵ǰҲ࣬ǰ廹൱أ޾Ǹ干޾֮иûһ˵ֻ࣬ͬһһĶƺˣûκʵڵ塭
Ͽ渵޾ദ֮
Ȼ˫ĵӵһ̤֮ʿͺһ˲ͬǣα仯͸ӵȴԶһȻ̬仯ǱϴҶһģȻԼʲôý黳أ
Ȼˣһ·зĳԲ΢仯
ھŹʿһĽĽ⿪ƺŷ仯ֱ仯ԲȴȻ
𣿡ԶͼǲֹĿϲ֮ж
ǰͼˡɽ׿Ī£к硢ľ޵ȵԯȵĸ֣Щٿһټһɫس߳˹ԶڴСˡ
գɻˣˣĪϲޱȡ
쵰´ˣ㻹ܵңڣЦ
СӣҿˣҪȻԯȷҪħСɽе

һԯȵĸ֣ۼ˼յԣƾճֵߴߴʸͣһʱȥʲôطʲôطģ֪֪д½ơ
Զܶ¸طͶ֣ҲעߣĵǵĽ
İ½飬ԯܣžŹʿĻǣԺｫԯԴԲܹй¶ȥһ˿һˣտ϶˵
ߣȻԯȣʲô飬ںġմ˸ͷԯȷȥ
⣬ʲôָŵϿˣһٴеģԯȵıһЩˣҲɫţǴӵϿ˵ϲһǿϢټϵϿ˺д½ȻͬȻš
ŶǽˡЦЦָŵϿ˵ҵһѣǺǣȻҲˣд½壬ڰ壬޾һ塣ţƣʵͦõġ
ôһ˵ԯȵЩ˲ŶȻϿˣһ档
ϿڼյĽ£Ǵ󷽷ûʲôħĴ½ϵʱ򣬴ӼԺ֮еһμ㶮д½ԣһû⡣
߰ɣȻԯȡҪŪд½ƣЩȡ
ͷٶ˵ʲô׷׸ڼյ󣬳ԯȥ
ڼûл֮ǰЩ˼ǶǺ棬ҲǾòİ񼧳ջˣǺ󶼲ȫЩȻðġ
Ȼ䣬ףڲ֪䣬Ѿԯ˵ĹǣûԯȾʧȥ

ԯڡ
żյĽĪµһһϲǸ벻ǿռ֮еļգȻİ½дҲһ֪ʥ޺ħ֮ľס
ȻЩ˷ܵǣԺΪŹ֮ҪĻǷˣ
Щ˶Ű֮ʵһ붼ڰ۷֮Ϊԯڳ֮ЩɽѾҪͻƵļˣԪŨǱĵطʮԯǵ
¸ۼԯڣΪԯȵķչ˼Щ˾ۼһУԪΪŨԯȣӵ¼챦ֿûйǵֱ֮£ΪϣͻƵŹ֮һˡ
Ȼֻǰ۷֮Ƕ̫ǣٶ˵һЩŹʿ֮ԭҲͻƵŹ֮û㹻ǳ֮ģϾӻǶء
ôһ˵֤ھŹʿ㹻ǳ֮Щôܲϲ
̫İ˴ǿҲұ֤ǵľŹʿǳ֮Ϊ˻ǣ̫İ˴ѣɺʿƴ˸һ
ɼǳ֮ѷ˺־ˣ
õ˼յı֤Щһȼ˼ϣٿϿ˵ʱĿҲû˭˿Ĳ֮⡣
Ժǻ鷳Ͽ˵ĵطڿ϶Ҫ̬ȺһЩˡ
ˣ˵˵д½ưɡԼľ˵꣬ɫȻʼѯд½
һɫؽд½˼գ߼д½ʥĸħߵĸ֣ΧԪڣ˵ԪѾҪŲˡ
һϸĽ˵֮󣬼ɫ΢䣬Ȼվ⹫Ȼȥأ
һ˵壻ûг׻ָǰһ֮ȥ˹Ԫڣ±ңһۣյħӦöʱ䲻ԯˣǷĺˣڱҪء
˶͹壡֮ĹϵҲµҪļ룬˴Ҷû飬ʾҪһǰԪڡ
ˣǻûŹ֮ʱȥˣҲﲻʲôæҡͷܾ߳ԯȵ´˹ڵϡ
Ͽ˺ͱԴ֮ԷãȻҲͼշֿۼҲȥ
ȥأǱߵ֮һܿġֵ𣬼ߣ
һɳ죬ٶȳֱصķȥ

ء
֮У񱩵Űأħ˷ӿأɽϵĻڴ
¼ԪΪŨ֮һȻڵȴԪѷ֮ɽϵһЩݣΪûԪʼή
ŨŨ֮УһӰվš
ΪһһϮɫۣƺӦúᣬֻ˫ȴ䲻ףķ׷ţʲôѾƵġ
վǶϻŵЦ⣬ݺµħǿߣһĽ
ԣֱվĦ̵ʥĸд½Ҳ۷ǿߣʱȴɫʱԵСҴ
󣬻ˣһŮȫĿֻ֮ȴаϢȻΪĿ䣬һ˿ħа
һ°ħƣ֮żһȴɽΪ֮һ£°ȫһֻֻа۾ÿһ۾գţħڡ
ôһȫħ۵ԪڵĻڴϵԪĵ߰˰ˣû֮УиŻڴڴϾԪһɢ
ߣﲻаħ½ħʵ̫ѷˡҪȻͽʲôڴ״ݻˣҪķôʱ䣡ԵһοòӢΰ󺺣ߵ
ΪΪһˣȻһЦ죬ԶĲëƢȻ֪ʥһ½ĵصף͸аħ½һˡ
ͿӢΰ󺺣ѵһ󣬱ĬˣԪڵӣȴǱɱ⣬ƺԼѵⶼΪԪڵˡ
ˣʱ⻤ڴᱻݻ١ǶСһ㣬һսֻҪʤˣ½Ҳˣǹ壺Ͱǰ춼˻ڴ֮ڣǵǿʡȴٵĹһԽ½ǿ߶ݻ١ΪеվǶ
һʼΪ˷֣潻Ը죬ԸǰǣԸǹ壣СԸǺ䡣
ħ֮ʵʣµʯǧ١ЩŹ֮ģûɣ
ͷæʾû⡣
죬ǣҲھŹ۷֮ҲˣԸǰ͹Ӧò⡣ǻСһ㣬ȻƻڣһĻҲǺ鷳ġǵãȫԸҪĻᣬһս֮ǰһáħ硯ɽסȷЩԳ
ǺͲһͷɢ֮ײеĹâ·Ҫ̱˵ͷһּȿɱ¾ĸо
СһֻжʮŮɫ԰ֽһģҲ֪кǿ

֮Уɽ嶥ˡ
ʯǧ١һ𣬰һһߣǹ壺졣
д½ǿһˣۼȴΪһĿûн̸˼
ǰ壺һڴʱ򣬻ڴһ˽ˣȻ˽֮󣬲桢ʯǧ١ȴ˭ۣҲһмĻ
͹ˣҲһԲôĬؾۼȺš
жף˭ҲǷ˭ģ֮Թͬ˾ۼֻΪд½ΪԼΪЩаħ½ɱоŹʿκ˶Ըı䡣

һӡһֱĬĲ棬۾ͻȻͺһ
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397 ǿ֮ս
ħƵɽϴ󲻶ÿһδ֣ɽҪһŰɽľɽݲеҡҡ׹
ɽɽ嶥˵ĹԪڵĻڴһԪҲľˣЩɫһɢʱһֱסɽһֳ漣
ɽɽһϥƽ·֪ǱӻסɽĻڴʧ
ɫ꣬һĿƺĬĬصȺʲôȻ˵ϣȴֱеĹֳ߹ǿϢһ𣬻д½ϵƲ֮ڡ
ǾŹʿеĿֲ
ɢ¹ˮһ䣬һƬžӶٵ·Ҳ쵽ɽĹ졣
˵£ħߵ˷̤ն״ħ䣬һֻֻ۾ֳĪɫʣھע飬ʱ׼ɻҧ
ħ˵Ǻ졢ǡСŹʿս⣬ɱ⣬СɫĮȻɫ죬ȴҵ˶֡
쿴˰˹壣С԰׵˫תһ£Ǻͣ
ħΪ̫˴ǿ֮һʵҪд½κһǿһΣħ֮ԵŹ۷֮ǿߣȻ׼һٽд½ƶʥ޵ȫߡ
ʥΪڵص֮УһЩ˵õʥ޵ʵѾŹ۷֮ǣȫͻƣʥ޵ֱӽʮ֮
ʮ֮ջ󣬶κ˵ǿֵ֮ˣֵˣЩаħ½ĸ֣һԵֵ
һɽħ֮һ۲棬Ų̫򲻿ɶõǿ֮һһ鴫ֻ֣ҪϹ˳ħߣԸʥ޵ֳһ㣬ҹʮ֮Σ
ħ֮˻һʥĸ˶ɫ΢䣬ͬʱ
ħֹ֮˵ʻֻ˫ڵؿŲ棬ƺڵȺһ𰸣ֻҪͷϽԹ
һֱĿ޵Ĳ棬˫Ҳһκй£д½̫޾Ҳˣ
ħ֮һ̾źֺ֪ܣϧҵȱҪʥ޵ʮ֮ͬΪıֲԸãҲֻܹˡ
վ˫ϣͷ˺ǣһҷǳףض꣬һֱڵѩޣ˿ԺҹһսʵȴٳٲҺʧˣȴҪ˵Ǽʥ޵Ҳһֻҷϣǵʮ֮Σһֻϲ̨Сɫ
ˣôһ˵ɫ׽ӣһյģȴҲĻ
ʹҺ͹売òսȻΪԤıˡҺ͹һսԸˣǷԶǰԪڣǵаħ½ĸҲֱָĵ㡣
ǵʥ޵ҲͻƵʮ֮һҸұ֤п־壬ܹͻƣɫȻЦ
һһ䣬ֱָϵ㣬ɫԽԽѿۼƣ˵ļ仰ʧӰˣһսͷûˡ
ҲһߣȴȥаľѧѹôɱˣһһҲʮ֮ʥ޵Ҳһʯǧٿʼڿ̱
ħ֮ǺЦŲǶϵĴûֹ
ɫԽԽѿѷԽԽʱ˵һ䣺ֻǵѪܹϴˢǶǵ裬ҲֻɱǣǴңǲܹħ
ֻһ仰ͽеĳ޸޵ķŴˣ
ͻȻ䣬˫ǿ̹ĵĳޣֳ޵ǵ޵ϵƿʼ˲䱩ǣ˵ħϣһԽԽԶˡ
һ̾ħ֮ȻֻԴǽеĳ޺ħŴ˱޺ħٿأ˲ӵо춯ص
ºѷֻԽԽһϡ
ħ֮Ҫֻһǿ󣬲Ϻȣǻ޹أ˵ºǳֻȡ˵
Ȼ
еĳ޺ħⱻͷŵҲƲסĵĺ⣬ȳ˳ȥìܶ˳ǵһˡ
ûн˷۾ʼնû뿪ħ֮ʱüħ֮ɣ
Ըħ֮ȻһЦ
䣡
ħƴһȾ޴ħƾɽ˷Щħŷ֪ͨľĵÿһŶţŨ֮ħһħ֮ðݳ
ͻȻ䣬ɽĶ壬ŨҵԪħȡһУУаħĸ֣õȵ
෴ԪˣţʮҲܷӳ˳ɳ
ħ磬ħֱ֮ӿд½Щаħ½ĸһ֮
ħһΣضŨŨħסˣħ̧֮ͷ죬²ڣǹҲȫħȥ֮ЦЦͷԵĺ졢ǵԶˡ
ս˲ȼ
ǺͺˣӰһ֮󣬸ƾһԼĿռħ֮УĿռƺħںһУƿǿռһһľһɽһˮֱȥְ͹ˡ
Ź۷֮
µƾճΣǺͺˣǵ֮ƾžŹ۷֮ǿȥû͹壡
͹˺һۣͻȻϹҫ
ӹ壵Ĺ֮ڣֳѩص۳ҫ֮䣬һ鲼ѩƮֳڹ壵γɵ纣¥ʵʵ׽
һʾаڣһ˿˿а糤һߣֻһ졢صڣһֻֻ޽ĹﻥɱţڰγɵڣﾺĹݻ˼¡
壺Ͱγɵ磬ΪģͻȻҲ˷·Ҫʵ֮С
ǺͺˣҲʼǵ߷£ǵͻȻݳɽɵĴɽʮħԾֱŹ壺Ͱȥ
ޱȵģЩֲԼĹ壺ͰϵʱͻȻϢؽֳ֮С
ӦڲǺͺ֮еɽħһ壺Ͱ֮УϿʼ÷ЩȻۺħֲ˵֮һֳչֳһ棬ɵɽǸ֮вϵغײŰˮûһУħĴɱ壺Ͱ֮е顣
͹壵֮Уһо޴ķڣʮɽһɳǲĴɽѹЩˮŰʱ򣬴ѿ޴Ĺ֣Щˮص
֮еֲﻨݣ޹ҲչͲǺｻսһ
ˣ壡ǺͺˣҲʼ໥˴˵绥༷ѹײħ֮еŪķǳȶʱйɫʱ

ʱ֣Ҳʯǧ١˸Χסˣ֧穣ԵúǱ
ˣ֪ĵˣʱȴûֱӶԲ涯֣УȻǲսʤǿС
֣Ҳ鷳ɼŶôµˡ
ΪԼĵĵӣʯǧ١ʱ򣬲ûܹȫӳӦÿɽ˽ȴ֪ΪΣֻܹʱסˣӦɱ޴ؼΪѷ죬Ȼۿˡ
桢壡֮Թʱ򣬿ʼֳóˡ

Сɫ԰ף˺ԣǲǡ첻һСûһͶԺը෴ֻǾؿź䣬񡭡ȴǿһʬ塣
Сע£ٴУƽɢѾʧ˫أȫۼʱ̶׼š
Сȴٳٲ֣۾ȴľ䡢ӲƺĳֹĪħ
̲סˣѡ˶С֣Ȼ仹δСԣȴֳһ䣬͵طԼһ磬磬ֻһ޼ʵʬ壬ʬǧٹ֣еı֫⣬еıеıƤ״֮Ҽֱ˲Ŀá
ضʬ壬ϵҲʬɫѪ磬磬һ˿ֻ
ڣ׼뷽跨뿪ͻȻЩϵµʬ壬һ߽һߵĻ˹Ѫͷ­ѵֱۣ·˷ӿź

֣̫Ҳǿܹ֮Ͳֽսʵһ¡ħ֮ЦЦһŲȥ
ħ֮Ͳ֮䣬ͻȻƾֳһޱȵĿռЩռһͼϲŭ֣ϲС
һŸ棬ϡϲŭ֡޵ȵೡÿһ֮ڣһħ֮ڡ
һڣħ֮ʱĻ棬һ־ͻħĸڻɽޡ
ڶħ֮ĳɳ̣־һħϸ̡

ϲŭ֡߸ڣ׷ֳֻĻħ֮һ·Ÿֳ֮
ħ֮һ̤һ֮ڣһʧӵһڣ̤˵ڶǵڶҲͬôһƺ;ŸڵںϣϵԽԽǿ
һޡĳ֮ħ֮ƱǾű
һˣ֮ǰķȫȻڣ˫֮ǱͳޣΪֲħŶ

ɫأڶһͨһӣâ̫֮ҫȻħ֮ľŸ֮ڡ
ǾŸһ˲֧飬ȻЩѵĳȴ羵ӣֳ
һЩͬЩǧϰٸƬ֮ڣǾȻǡ棡
ÿһƬڣһ棡ÿһ֮ڣŵ鶼ͬ
ҪôҪôսҪôڴ֮й¶ߣҪô̫֮Ѱǳ֮


398 յʵ
ʹĿҰУطļµĺӵص
䣡䣡
ص춯صĺͻȻһ޴ħӵصгѡ
һͷ޴ħӵصһԵص׳Ͽʼ֮ͷħԾһƬҰŪĿ꣬һ޴ĺ蹵֣ݡ
ͷħһԾ֮һĴͻȻڳħ
ֱϣ䣬ϣžžͷħ˶ͷ­ƺͨǾٿħһǾħһ𰲾Ĵš
ھ֮ϣħһԣŨĻĺڰħЩħƺڲϵŹ
һ˫˫ңңصķһۣ·оǱŨ֮ħҲƺΪĴ޾ĺ⡣
ͻȻһеħַԭӦֻħħʱƺȫקħĴ󺺣ֱɽķȥ

ϣաϿ˲վţصķԽԽˡ
յļϣԴ֮С۾ɫҫƺʱ̶˼ʲô⡣
֮гֻ֣ǿһۣɫȻɫѾˣħ죬ֻ֯һ𣬾ռ䶼Ť䶯һսѾʼˡ
Ͽɫ˷ܣתһתȫǾŹʿмڵΪֱֲŻд½
磬һЩһǱߣΧûҵķԸҪðȻ롣շԸ
Ϊʲôҿ԰ģЩԸ⡣
֪԰ң;ʱûɽΧúעţӽս˫ϣܹõܶõ÷ʽĿǰΪǷȱĶ
ȻõѪ۵Ѫ޺ʿ֮֮ȴྶܹͥ˽⵽ѪѪ֮еİ壬ĽӵľˣҪĽԲôš
ðɡֻܹӦԼյİţзԵ
ڣ赽ħɽϣϸо·ڵħˣֻǷſӦһ£ձȻаħ½ʩչĽ磬ֱӽɽסˣҪƿǲס
ԿϿ룬еڵһֱħײȥ;ʱ򣬵ϿϵۼȻǹ⬵ļһ㣬ֱ·Ĵȥ
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ɽĵصڣ޴ĺ֪ǲΪħ罫תˣЩƺ˵صɽĵص׸ըĵضɽҡ
Ͽ˱Ҳײǿ񱩵ħ֮ϣҲֻΣûܹͻķ
ȻԿħ֮ɽϵ龰簵ɫȴЩ͸Ϸȥĳֳ
µɽɽϣ֮սڽҪͷУħ֮˷Ϊһ壬ֱħ֮أħ֮ļڲļ֮ڡ
һȥǲħ֮·ճҺ壬ܽһԵüΪĹ졣
۾ɱʵһд·һУͻȻԭǲħ֮һ𣬶ΧΣ缷ѹײһ۾Ĵ
һȻȴڲϵط˾춯صı仯ɽɽݣʯ׹䡭
˵磬·ĩյһ̣翪ʼѸٵ߽⣬֮УռŤı仯ţµʴ֡
һ߻һƺ仯Уħ֮ˣְıʣǵ磬˸仯ļĿɿڴ
⹫壣һһ֣ĸصһ𣬿ռռ֮ľԻ汬ըռ伷ѹγɵѷֱ֣Ӧڸڵһ÷
ѩأħУսڣħ죬˵磬ޱ䲻ϡ
ǸӺ䣬һʬ֮УʱѾʯˣ伫ȴܹЩʯƿۣǧʬѹһɸߵʬɽǧٲظ
ϵϢԽԽˣϢҲɢ
ںʬɽĶ壬԰׵СŽţնľŵϢ
ֻǿ˺һۣձһ̾ףˣŵ̫ˣʱΣֻܹһ·
ȺԺһЩʯǧ١ˣԵĶֻȻռϷ磬ʯǧ١˶˺ۣǣ֪ΪΣ˷·ûоȫһܹɱ
һȫſڷʵѾȫϧǵңƺľȱڣ̶ܹȵķӳ
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ħһ㶣ͻȻԼѨ֮еħ֮ˣħҲǱħ࣬һǴ֮ǰĹħ֮ڣǷ񲻻ЩħӰ죿
ôͻȻúпܡ
ǵǱߡָָķ򣬼յԿܲܽȥ
һ䣬ҲȵϿ˺ͬ⣬һͷħ˹ȥ
ޱȣ忿ħʱڵħֻ֮Ѩ֮ҡһ£Ȼһ㣬ֱӴħ磬ֱӽ·סɽ塣
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Сӣ㾹Ȼûһƺģɱ
⹫塣ЦЦݲȵһˡ
壺ˣжҪԣ컹һЩԻʯǧٺţôһǲԿռڵʼӿ壹磬еɽݻ١
ɫһ䣬͵طӦ˫֮οĵͶ뵽˺ͲǵĴս֮С
СӣãˣÿԽһ򾡣ʥĸЦ
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ô˵ţȻ߿һڿʯףֱżյͷһڿʯ֮У֮ʬðݡ
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ʯͻȻ޴ĺʯױ䡣
ٺЦţֱ۵ȭײϵػ裬׺УִξҫһչѪ֣Ѫ֮УһڿڽӽʯףĴƮ
ͬʱԪۼԪңңȥ
ָչֱӱˣԪֳͷʱڲȻɫˣһεˡ
һĿռ֮УվʩչŽ޴ʯ֮лɳȥԼҲСıռ֮С
Ǹʱ֮аħط޷Чƺûκεķһ㱻Ԫеɱˡ
ˣһչʼʩûа취Ӧֻܹˡ
Ͳ潻ֵħ֮Ȼռһ£֮ضżտһۣħ֮СԸ
ɫ԰׵Сһ֮еʬɽվʱ򣬺ϢѾʧˡ
ʦ壡ǳݲȵʯǧ٣һЪ˹ļгһط񣬲ҪؿʼЩæҡ
ʯǧٵʦ壬֮ĸ飬ȴͬӣ
Сʬɽվ֮ʯǧٲڷڲ֪֮䣬Ѿɱˣ˼ĳ

Сѹûнʯǧٵľħ֮ķԸ£СҲֻ˵ͷȻ̵˼ա
ʬӿ뽭֮ˮӿŴСϳСԣǧʬֳ˷ʼżӿֻһ˲䣬ʬɽһγˡ
ͬǣһαʬɽѹסģǼգ
ûһԤףû׼ڲ֪䣬ձ㱻ոɱʬɽѹסˣ壬ȻҲС֮С
ʬɽѹѾʼ̫þȻ仯ʱ̫þȻʬ֮гΣ
ؿǧʬѹȴΪձʬɽѹʬ֮С
ЩʬȫԻͷ­Ƕ֫ڳżץ˺ҧ̬
δЩ֫ոоԼϢѾʼˣ·ʬֽŶʼЩܿˣΪٶֵ⻹ǵһжȴԡ
븯ʴҵ壬ߣûⱾ£
ʱ򣬼һ֮Ȼݳһǻһ˲壬Щʬȫճɻҽ
ͬʱֱ۵ȭ֮УʼݳһööɫЩɫһһ֣ÿһɫ֮У˸Ĺ
ʮһɫȫ֣ÿһɫ֮жʮһ˸켣ʱİ½һɱʮħ壬һαˣ
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С񣬴ʬٳħ֮ڹؼʱٴγ֣ͻȻһ
ħ֮һʬ磬类һ㣬Ȼʼ»ָҲʼؾۣըʬƬȻҲ¾ۼ
ǱشСʬĻָƺҲѸٵĻָ
ûʬгļգɫأħ̫֮ǿ߶˵һֻѾ̤ʮ֮һȻԲ飡


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Сһʬ߳һģ·һصʵ磬ͻᾫήңԽӳ
ħ֮Ԯ£Сʬ»ָС˵ƣҲʬĻָָں̵ܶʱڣСϵʬһλָ۷֮
ԼʬгԿ˵Сؿżգնȴе
ȻС񲢲Լ缧գֻոյʧֻһ⣬ϵƻָ˹ֿʼˡ
ħֹ֣֮СһС񣬲ҪʬˣٴʬУСĲҪסˣСеаţ
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ͬʱħ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺҪдˣӰգħ֮ͻȻڲγɵʧ
УСʧҲֻһʱĴ⣬СʵСռϷ磬ոɱ
ħ֮һʧСϵԽԽأɫҲԽԽ԰ףԼԼ䣬ʯ֮еĸʬЩƣֻϵʬҪǿʮֹ
СûһνɱʬŪԼΪ˸ʬƤһ˲䣬СϵⶼǷˣɰͰ͵ڹͷϣһʬ̬
һ̣ղСϵϢԽԽʢʬ֮ңȻ˲䳬˺Ͳϵ
СϵȻȺ졢˻Ҫǿ˱仯
ѹħ֮ģԭСΪ£ŮʵȻǺ졢ǿһ
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Сʼնû뿪գϵϢ£ϵʬһŰʱСͻȻ˸ɰͰ͵һֻ֡
ֻ֣ûһ˿Ѫɫ԰Ƕ;ֱֱżյĲץ
СԭضҲһֻȴôһ̣һֱֻʮɣ˲Խ˿ռ룬ֱ˼յĲ
ɫ䣬˫ϱؼʱ۵ӾǴһС
СһֲֻûֻǣȴĿ˿ռ䣡
ͼ룬֪ʱ𣬳һµĿռ䣬ռͻأնûз֡
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ԴԽռ䣬ֱץ򼧳գٶȿ죬ҹƹĪ⡣
ȻͼʱȴռСԶֱȥǿռ֮ںֻо޾ĿտѰһ˿Сټ
ۺ󣬸Ŀռ䣬СͻȻʧˣǰֻһƾֵռ䣬ռ֮ڣʱʱСĲ԰Ĳĸ
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һֻ֣ȴ쳤˼ĸ֮ʱȴͻȻʵʣ϶Լյǿɱ
飡䣡
ԭأϵػҫȻҫȴȫڿ֮У壬ȴСֺ֮£С
շǳʼղܹյСټСٶּΪݣһ˼յ壬֣ոСһֻ˺
ôһ򣬼յ壬Ѿ˼ػǼǿӲ֮һָǳ̬һѾȥˡ
Ҳǰ취ȻԳŵסȴҪӴԪڵѪ֧ţվС񴷴Ҫ˶೤ʱ䣬ڵͻĴ
һڵȫľˣһڵѪܹãô˺ѸٻָʱСпֱӽ
Уȥ϶ذɣ
򣬱۾ͻȻȭ׺ҫйǰĿռ䣬Ĳֻ̽ҪĻǶżԻԡ
ôţյȻյһ˲䣬յ֮ڽսΪؼһ̣յһӺΧһΪһ壬ͻȻ䣬ձˣҲ·ʧˡ
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СĿռ䣬ԿĿļգȻֹյʱȴͻȻڿ֮С
һִֻĿռ䣬ڼյԺȥСõգȴ·һϹӣÿһ˿֮УҲܹ˺յ塣
վǶһļգۣΧĳΪһ壬Щħ֮еħ֪ΪʲôȻɿسżյݹȥ
ձС˺壬ʱۿɼٶѸٻָţδЩħһ룬ֱˣʧȥȫ»ָ˹

ħħ⣬д½̫գħ֮ǣű͵д½͵ɽ塣
Ȼս֮֮Щħħȴʼħ֮ƿأȻɿ뼧յڣյҫһڵĹ㡣
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ܿأħ֮ϵħȻȫ˼յѨ֮С
ħ磬ʮɵΪħĴʧɶûˡ
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տգжˣԴ֮һ͵ط˼գļվˡ
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ֳһѽһԼһƬСһһ飬ЩС磬ԭħ֮Ÿ֮γɵ磬ÿһ֮Уһ档
ħ֮ʱˣϾЩӰ־Ƭһһݻ٣õʱİ
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ħ֮Ȼ˷ǲ˼ϲãСӣھȻħ֮룡ʲôطħ֮룡
ڶ֣ھŹ֮Ȼ˵Ͽ֮⣬ȴû˭˵ħ֮룬ħ֮ľ£ЩһɻԵú
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ڵϿ˾ʱħ֮Ѿ˲棬Ҳȥκˣֱżճȥ
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ħ֮谵֮иֳտ֮УǱħ֮ϰռˣħ֮Զħһ㣬ھ֮ϸ··ļա
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ħ֮һ˵ϸһ£ջǼᶨҡͷɱħħĿܣʱħ㽫ħƿأǽ̫һƽ٣⣬Ҳ㣡ҪɱħҲŹʥޣ˭ࡣ
û취Ȼ㲻ʵ˵ֻܹԼֵȥˡħ֮̾ϢһȻſ³һħһӽոסˡ


400 
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ͷ޷ֵһǼ䣬Щͷ׷׽˼յ壬˼յԺ֮С
ħ֮νĴӼԺ֮ȡħļ䣬Ҫ״ݻټյ飬յʧȥҵķԼһй׳׸Ȼ϶żյļ䡣
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׼ȷ˵ľ磬Ѱ
Ѱ©Ͳܹ֮߳ȥڣħ֮һ
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ڼյʩչ꼼ʱħ֮׼ᣬһνͷ˼յԺ֮У
Ϊʩչ꼼յ̬ɱĻԭΪԭֳ̬һƮ̬
ħ֮ƺ׼˼ջʩչĻ꼼ƺҲҪģ̼գüȥаĳԣû֣
ӣħ֮˵ȴûзսپͷ
ûκεͣڼ׼仯̬ʱȴͻȻħ֮ͷѾ֮С
֮жһ꣬Ѿڴ⣬Ҫ仯̬һӱ
ű仯Ϊ̬һ̬ȥˡ
֮Ҫܹ꣬һ˿ʣСӣ㻹̫һ㣡֮Уħ֮ĳ
֮жħ֮ͷ棬ħħҲûֹͣȻѹ
˫ع
ħ֮һԼͷƿؼյ꣬һ棬Ҳûз幥ƣַʽһʩչֻҪһЧձҪ군ˡ
̬֮Ҫ꣬Խ̬ı䣬״İ̵ӦûƣôͻȻٴθı̬ͼ仯Ϊ״ꡣ
һεûѣһ̬ϱ仯״̬ħ֮뼧֮еͷͻȻͷתˣʧǺ֮УĿĵĴҵ
ħ֮вˣר־ضԸǹħħۣʩȭ֮УҲ룬һĶشСɫ׳
ɫһ߸ɫ׽ϵشȭ֮зݳֱӺΪħ۵ħϣͬʱҫҲʼ貵߲ʺ⣬һħȥ
ȥԺ֮еħ֮նħۿը֪϶̫ʱ䣬ĲϿ˶ڣħ̫֮ʱ䡣
ţֻҪһʱ䣬桢Ͽˡ⹫壣Ȼа취ħ֮ȵĴ֮г
磬˵Ͽ˺ͱԴ֮ļ룬ټħ֮ӰˣʤƽӦڲ֪д½һбˣֻҪȥħ֮϶ҪòȥΧ
ôոר־ضħħըħħȻҲħħǱİ½ͷħһβࡣ
Ͼħ֮ͷħϣħ֮Ĵͷħ
ԸħħܿռϷ磬ԽǽսԽħ֮һӰˣҪȻħ֮ͷԺ֮УҲûж
ħ֮Ź۷֮Լ֮Уȫһʴһ߱
ħֻ֮ǷųħħȴûнĴһæʰƣܹȫľ
бͷնħħըܿأڼյĴ֮£ħħشˣҲò֮˳ȥ
ôһտרԸԺ֮еħ֮ͷˡ
״䶯ţһ뷨Ժ֮һֳϽԪ˳Ԫ飬׼кԪ֮е
ԪԣӱԽԽһǳͼͼ֣ڹԣԪڲϵҫţһֱûͣϢ
ĳּһֱԪ֮зű仯Ԫ棬ƺҲŸı仯ֱ仯һֱڷš
Ԫı仯üͷİ½ʱԪʮħ꣬ҽħħҲһ̵ǸʱԪһֱڷ仯ֱڡ
ֱ仯ͳȭ׺ڵʱһ£ֻһα仯ʱǳ
ʮħ꣬һʵ̫ǿˣԪ飬ҪôӴڻƺҲҪһʱ䡣
ԼԪı仯ֻҪֹͣˣͻӿֳһµ
ԪеĵȻҪȭ׺ڶҪ棬ԼԼָо𺳣
ֹͣ˺˼룬ٻֱӽڴˣ߽ȫ֮
ͻȻ䣬ոоһӴȻеԪ֮ͷų
ԪͻȻâڼյӦУԪ֮е翪ʼ޵չһµ翪ʼԪ֮гˡ
ͬʱڵ֮£״֮УȻһµ
һݿһ㣬ڼ״֮пʼŰ
ħ֮˼״֮еͷһ֮£籡ֽһݻ٣ֻһ˲䣬ħ֮һͷɢˡ
Ԫ֮е磬֮һѨֳÿһѨ֮ڣƺһµγɡ
һԪ飬Ԫǳͼձޱȡ
ңǳͼʼԪӱݳƽ̹˼Ժ֮С
ǳͼ뼧յԺ֮Уͼ״֮꣬Ϊһ壬Ϊ˼һ֣
Ӽյ꿪ʼطı仯


401 յĵڶ꣡
һԪǳͼ˼յ꣬˼״һ֣Ϊһ塣
ΪһǳͼĽ룬յ·˲õĳħ֮ʶһ˲䣬㱻׵Ļȥڼյ״лɢ
ǳͼ״֮У״ı䶯䶯أյ֮Щǳͼ֮У·Ϊǳͼıʲô
ľӿǳͼ֮Уõ˼վע룬ǳͼϵչǳͼϵÿһǳ·һ㡣
ͻȻ˼ԺеǳͼȻԺ֮зݳ
ǳͼħ֮ľħֳ֮ͬǣǳͼͼյѾеϵ·˼յĵڶꡣ
ͬʱ˸Ŀǳ֮⣬ǳͼ֮бֻаƴСǳͼۿɼٶѸٱֻǶ̶̼ļǳͼȻѾħ֮ľħ硣
ħУǳͼϵ죬ϵطű仯
ȥ
Ȼ䣬ڼյԺ֮Уֳôһͷ
ı仯˲䷢ˣ
羵ƣħ֮ľħ磬ǳͼǹ֮£֧飬ħѸٱΪ˷Ŀռ䡣
ǳͼϵܱ⣬ǳͼҲѸٵţħ֮ľħƬǳͼ֮УЩħƬһǳͼ֮кǳͼĹâ仯ӵĿ
ܿأħ֮磬ǳͼķֽ֮£׵ʧˡ
Ҳʱ򣬼³д½ħ֮С
ؼյļգܣȿħ֮֮ı飬죬һزţż૵ܣ⡭ôܣ
ħ֮Ȼշħ𾪵ˣžŹ۷֮ħľӪ֮£ɽŹ󣬻ħݡ
ħ˲ܹݻؼеȻ֮⣬ͱ֮ǼҪûв֮ͬˣôһ磬ȻôˣѪ֮һ棬ħ֮Ĵʵ̫һ㡣
ŹʿҪһҪľеһһľһɽһˮҪӴ֧š
ʱһŹʿὫǹ統֮ΪõһطһŹʿΪõһط
ҪѾ޴Ѫĳ־ļС
һĸ壬ǾԲƻĽһ屻ݻ٣ôԹһеʿ˵һشĴ
ֱִָߵ飡
һŹʿԼ类˴ݻ٣־ᶨߣܻᵱˣһ겻
ߣܻԼĻ߳ױԶػʹ֮С
ִ̼ǳĿ̹ģ
ħ֮žŹ۷֮ľ磬һֻҪ̤ʮ֮ˣȻԼôҲһԽܵģ״γ
濴׼˻ᣬһֱĲ棬ȡһٽħ֮֮С
ħ֮ͻȻʧټ
תƣˣϿ˴ʱСˣϿǰˣްֵϵۼǳ֮˽սõκεĹֻҪרĶԸ˼ɡ
д½ϣܹϿһۼȥʿָȻСС
ɱʱɾСڶԸϿ˵ʱԵţħߵؼڵϿ˵ϣϿ˵һۼױĿǹ֮⣬Ҳ𲻵ˡ
СǼգ壬ˣ˺Ͽ˵ꡣܹ˺Ͽ˵꣬ȫʧЧСѾעʧܣͲǵϿ˵Ķ֡
Сʬܣ˵ôһС㱻Ͽ˸ɱˡ
һߣʥĸˣ˸˻ЩˣڶԸʯǧ١졢˵ʱ򣬶һӦʱ֮裬Ĵͷ
ͺһսѾ˽ҪĹͷԴӺ͹壽սھµ򣬿ϧһεʵ̫ˣͬǾŹ۷֮ĺ죬ԵЩ֧穣ֳǱ֮ɫ
յӦøӲŶԣһδսʱܵ˸أ売Կ̫࣬ǲǵĹ֮£Ҳֻǲϵسˣǳ˵ʱȴԻҡ
Ϊڹ壵ԣһԴ֮ڻš
СһȻӣȴһǳѲĶ֣ûнԴ֮ȴѾڲ֪гԿˡ
ǲЩں͹壽սʱֽŶԽԽٻڵӴҲһһεţŵٶȣȻһ¡
һʼʱ򣬲ǲûн״ֻǹ壵µġ
;ʱ򣬵żȻֱԴ֮ͻȻǿһǵʱ򣬲ǲŻȻԱʱʱߵСһס
󣬲ȻԱԴ֣֮׼Դ֮ɱ
ȻԴ֮Ѳ͵ıԴ֮ƶٶԶԶķӦ
ˣԴ̬֮ķ仯κһʱ̣ܹ˲͸״Ϳһ˿
ҪģԴ֮꣬ԸӦ
Բ˵ҪԸԴֻ֮۾УȻһԴ֮Լ̬ͿһɫټٵƶǾ൱ˡ
ǲϵضԱԴ֣֮ҪȽԴ֮еĶָϧȴʼűԴ֮ʩչҲֻܹڿ֮С
ͬʱйԱ߳Э壵Ȼѷɫǣھ֮ϣȴȲǲ
壺ͱԴ֣֮Ըһأһ㲻԰ܼʱƣڱԴ֮ʩڲϵĶص֮£ǾȻȡϷ硣
Դ֮ſԽŹʿɱһ㣬ˣ񿴵ǲǵĶԽԽǳٻҲ𽥵ʧȥ񣬼һɳǷƶıԴ֮ȥ
ڼյע֮£Դ֮˸ƣһ㲻õĵģ
ǱԴ֮ģȻʤȯգⳡսǳġ
һյҲˣ⹫壶һСģ㽫עϡ
ûжķϻ˵ʥĸˡ
ΪԼҰĺͳޣȻҽаħ½а˸ͷųд½ĵˣ
ȭֱֳһɾ춯صȭ֮б
һڵˣȭ֮ԴԴӿֳһɴħħ磬ȭ׵Ƴȥ֮󣬺Ȼ۳쫷磬ֱϯȥ
ħγɵ쫷֮Уŵһ˿ͷһ˿ͷ֮£ħϵ۱仯ԽԽƺһһеħ·Ҫͽ˶С
ͬʱʮһѨ֮ڵħ֮룬Ȼ󴿴֮ħЩħҲӿ쫷֮С
ͻȻ䣬Ҳоӿڵħ֮ħ·ħ֮Լеͷݻ֮ЩħҲʧȥħ֮Ϣڵħ֮ƿˡ
ҲΪˣôħħ֮֮£ܹôԴԴĿӿ
ħ֮һӳԼµԴȪ·Ԫ֮ĵڶİ½յӴħһ̣ȻȫڵѨ֮зݳ
һʱ䣬ضħˣǾ޴ޱȵ쫷֮УżյϢûء
ǣǣ
ħ磬ȻҲܲס˿ֲ쫷ϯһԵ£Ǿ޴ħ羹Ȼʼѣ˺һ޴İɫĻħ֮еħҲһ˲ȫ쫷ա
һ̣ط·ֻʣɼ쫷ˡ
ʥĸǲ桢壺͵Ͽ˵ȵϵˣ쫷֮С
ã
оһ壺͵Ͽ˻Ҳ쫷糶֮󣬼аͻȻԼܹƿӴħ쫷硣
Ѩ֮еħħڵİ½İ½֮һħӴħһͷųֱء
ľ绹δ޵Ź۷֮֮ǰħиһ֪ðȻʩչ˿ֲ֣Ͽʼʧˡ
֮⣬ɽϵ˶޴ޱȵ쫷ˣˣ쫷绹ڱø󣬾Ȼֱӽɽˡ
䣡䣡䣡
춯صĺɽĴǧɸߵɽ޷֮£ȻһشӴ֮бһСһҪɽȻһ̣Ȼˡ
ڿֲĺ֮Уض쫷ûĿֲ֮Уɽ쫷˺ѱΪ˼ĶشСľ޴ʯͷЩʯͷӿ쫷֮У쫷Ӵת
⣡
еľȸˣôʯͷ֮Уһײ壺죬˿϶ҪԲˡ
޴ʯͷֲĳеĴ֮£ԷӳĳŹʿܲסˡ
Ȼ
һʮĶشСļӲʯɽϷ֮󣬺Ȼ֮У쫷Ĵ֮£Ǿ޴ޱȵļӲʯٶԽԽ죬̺ҲԽԽǿ

һ޴ʯȻײǺϣħߵľŹǿߣһҵײ֮£Ѫ
Ͱսôʱ䣬һ鶼ûеĺ죬ֻǱʮĶشСʯһײ㵱Ѫ֤Щʯĳжôֲ
ʯ޴󣬵ǣʯֲģ޴ޱȵУпԽɽ𣬿ɼ쫷ô̬ˣ쫷֮еʯ쫷֮ÿתһΣٶȱһħҲһ
˶˿ٶȣ˴ʯںһ𣬱̫յȻʯ껹Ҫֲ

Ҳһ޴ʯײһ£ʯ֮£Ҳֲסƽˣֱ֮дʼˡ
飡飡
аļӲ̶ҲƵǳͣȻһʯĺ֮£峹ױˡ
žžžžžž
ĹϣڴڵѪðֱӱˣһʯĸûΣôһ׻ȥˣҺٻָ
ܿ첽ĺ󳾣ʮĶСʯһǰһֱӼġ
ֻһ˺ѷεĲҽУǿ׳ӣͻȻһ״ĹҲһ˲ȫ˿ȻҲǻˡ
쫷ϷĿ쫷Ŀֲһ˲ֱ֪Ǻˡ
Źʿк컹ھŹ۷֮쫷֮£ô׵ıٵʵ̫ˡ


402 ƿһУ
ͺˣھŹ֮Ȼȴ쫷֮ڣ״ݻøǵ³
ˣ쫷֮ʧȥ˿ƣֻܹ쫷֮ûĿĵķʱ̶б쫷еʯĿԡ
ͺˣݻٺ겻ɱش֮зݳ
鷢ˣ
˵꣬Ȼһܹ֮зݳеķ쫷ķȥ
ԭӦòκƿأռյͺһ϶ѸٷжԶӶԶġ
û뵽쫷Ȼ˵а죬Źʿݻ֮󣬾Ȼ궼ѣɱ쫷֮У쫷Ӱ졣
󳬺˼յϡ
ͻȻջֻһ˶ʯ쫷֮£ֱײȥ
쫷֮е죬ѾתĻͷתʧȥ˶ƿˡ
һʯײС٣̺ҲͬǳľˣЩʯײ֮£øǵ³ʵҪѷɫһЩ죬һЩʯУǸֻ·һ
ɫ䣬ͼѰҳһķֹһʯϡ
յ쫷ڵѨȷе˵ڵħ֮
Ȼ֮еӦƿصǴ쫷֮󣬼վͷ쫷һжĿƣûи쫷κε쫷㽫˳С
ˣ˾޴ɽȻҲ쫷ˡ
ȻĿġ
Խһ޴ʯ켣ı䣡պܿ췢һεʵ޷쫷ͣҲ޷쫷ıλá
ŽŹ֮ã֮ǰĽУ̫Կ϶һһ޴ʯײϣֻ·һˡ
ʱ򣬸ʯ鿪кܶʯĴɽȻֳǹ壳ȥ
еļȸиǿˣ
ô죿ôܹ쫷ֹܹͣҰķ
һʺԺ֮йһ飬ͷ󺹣оֵ˼㣬ɲؿ׵ˣôȥˡ

ǹ֮д˳һǳ֮âǵϿ˵ϱȥǹ⾫׼ޱȣǳ͹壵ľ޴ʯֱӸѡ
޴ʯСʯЩʯ䵽壺˵ϣֻǽˣƲء
ʯСʯһСʮȻһ͹˺ȴʱ佫˵״ݻ١
սңǵϿ˵ĳ֣һ
գ취ҪȻ쫷ɵǻὫ˶ɱϿ֮дš
ڵϿ˵ļϣűԴ֮Դ֮ҲУϧǸ͵·ߣ쫷֮Уܹӳʲô
ô౻֮еǿߣֻеϿ˿סӣˣԷϵЩ壺ϵʯ
֮ԻȫΪϿʿһֻϵɼǳ֮壬ĸȫۼס
ۼ֮Уŷǳǿǳ֮ΪϿγβɴݵķΪǳ֮ĴڣҲԶԶһʿ
ΪˣϿ˲ſ쫷֮סӣżЩʯײˣϿϵۼҲԽ󲿷ֵЩʯӰ졣
ҲΪϿƣǱԴ֮ŻԥϿ˵ļϣڵϿ˵Դ֮ΪڶõĻᱻʯ
Ͽ˵һУյҸˣ
ڸǿԷɵʱЩʯ齦䵽͹壵ϣȻϽ˵ݻ٣ǣôĳٴǻὫ͹壸ķǡ
ϿȻ쫷ȴɱӰˣҲ޾ģÿһۼʯĳܶģǷǳӴѸٵġ
ȻϿڵû쫷֮еǿ
ҪڵϿ˵ľ֮ǰ뵽͹壵ķһϿ˵ľ͹˱쫷̫Զô˽ܿرʯݻ١
֮󣬼Ҳҷˣ۾ع۲ž޴ޱȵ쫷磬쫷졣
쫷֮ϣңң·ȥټһأһ׵Բӣɽֱʧˡ
쫷罫ɽ֮󣬷ɽɽԶȥûκεĿġ
أĻʳǳ쫷·Щ쫷֮Ĵʯȵ쫷֮󣬻ͻȻһ
Щʯ쫷֮з֮ھ޴Ĺ֮£ҵطɳţֱ·ʳǳ
һʱ䣬ʳǵʿһ־ЩʯͷΪʯײ
Ļʳ֮ڣİգһЩʯͷİսʷΪпһѣ
Ϊ˱ѵķЩʿһ׷׳𣬽߾ȫԼЩʯ
ϣܹԼֹЩʯ䵽ʳ֮ڣĻʳǶȥ
飡
һ쫷洫ĻʳϣһʿЩʿһϣϿʼЩʯͷչЩʯͷᱬ鿪ֻܹЩʯͷķŪƫһЩ
ȻЩɽʯȻֻĥ̴Сˣ̺ĳɲһʿԵֵġ
κεֵЩʯʿᷢԼʯ֮ϣϴʯ֮ϴһɸӴķ
ֻʯķͲܹסˣһʿʯķ֮£׷ױɱ
ΨһҵǣЩԼΪʯʿǵŬǰ׷ѵġ
ֻҪǵеʯԸıһ·򣬳ʳ֮Ұȥ
ЩĸֵŬ֮£Щ쫷ɽʯһƫԭķ򣬳˵ĿҰȥʳ֮ڵƽյԴȥ
УȥǲУһҪѰ취
쫷Ϸ·Űص쫷磬٣˫ĴţҪѰһ;
ͻȻ䣬յ֮ͫڣǳͼ
֮ǰ˺ħ֮ľħǳͼ쫷ģˣǳͼâڣǳ֮˸ţϵͷųƵ
Щ쫷֮У쫷ŰµӴħЭ
һͻȻðôһͷѵѵٿ쫷ģǳͼ
뷨һԺ֮и֣ͻȻסˣԭǳͼ֮дϢ״꣬һµģ
һֱͼƿ쫷磬ϣܹƾԼֹͣ쫷磬ȴûϵʼٸߣȻпܻǳͼ
ŴԪ֮ðݳĵȻʱںһ𣬵ǣ;ոһ֪ոո֪ǳͼνħݻٵġ
ڣһ֪ǳͼַͨٿ쫷ġ
ΨһԿ϶ǣֻҪܹƿǳͼͿƿ쫷磬ƿ쫷֮еһб仯
Ժ֮еһţҵ˽İ취
û˿ԥ쫷Ϸļգһͷ쫷ģǳͼڵ
ǳͼ֮еŦһ㣬쫷ǳͼϵر仯ţγֵǵÿһǳͼ֮еǵ㣬·һ΢磬Щ΢·쫷ˣƿ쫷еĹʽ

ͻȻӿͷٿȭ׺ڵķʩչϣܹǳͼԺ֮С
֮ģǳͼûнԺڣҲûк״Ϊһ塣
෴ǳͼ֮УȻһǿ⣬һǿ⾹Ȼֱӽոǳͼ֮С
ֻһյ廹ԭأȴͻȻСǧ򱶣ֱǳͼ֮е֮ڡ
һˮ󺣣յǳͼ֮кϷԼǳͼΪһ
΢ǧ򱶵꣬ǳͼ֮пʼϵرʶռǳͼһС
ͻȻ䣬շǳͼ֮Уһɷǳ΢꣬һȻһʶǳ΢Ѿ;ƿݵıԵ
Ȼһ΢֮ʶΪǳͼ֮УȻڲٿǳͼǳͼ쫷磬ҲһС
յŽǳͼ֮Уһ΢ʶ͵˼գͼľȫռݣõյ꣬õǳͼƿȨõյ塣
ᣡ
ֻһǼ䣬ձһǳͼеҪʲôˣ
һһռʶһܹõеһУõļ䣬õľõӡ
Ļ˽ȫȡӵǳͼӵһУ
Ȼǳͼ֮ʶҪħ֮ʶѶԸܶ࣬˵ʶ֮£ʹеֶΣܹһʶ֡
ڣǳͼ֮УԼ仯Ϊ̬޷ֵһʶĽ롣
ִ̫֮ڵõĺų֮ħ֮ΪɵҿֺȻУƺ֮ȼյ棬ɲܹ谭Ķơ
ջɢͻȻʶǳͼ֮е꣬ǡǱħ֮Ҫǿһʮʿ
ܴԪԭˣҲ⡮ǺͼԭˣһںǺͼ֮ѾˣұΪҵһ곹Ҳؼգû뵽㾹Ȼһϲ
һʶһѶȻ˲˼յ̬֮С
ˣոöһ䣬ԷͼǳԡҪռ꣬õһУȡ
һ̣֪ܹһ꣬ʧȥһУ
Ŀһʶ֮Уռٵ˼Žİ취еķ˲Ժ֮йһ飬ڣҵΪпɱһʶķ

̬꣬Ȼ仯Ϊ˱Դ̬֮Ժ֮
۳һӽ仯ΪԴ̬֮סˣһ֮ķţ׷״֮ӿֳƴһӿ

ʶ󴫳һβĵ֮£һʶ˲䱬俪㴿֮⣬Ƿɢڼյ걾Դ̬֮ϣ˼еһ䡣
ʮʿʶ俪ӡԶʧˣǣǼĴ֮⣬ȴȫ˼յϷ
Щļ֮⣬һζʮʿļ䣡
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403 »꣡
ȻǶԸϼѻ֮£һʮʿֱ꣬ӸΪ˴֮⣬ڼյ֮С
Щʮʿ䣬򣬲һʱ˵ģЩڼյԺֳȥϵЩ䣬ȴЩ϶ܹһ
ȻҲЩ䵽Ҫ˵ʲôҪһʲô
ʱѾ´ˣˣղûжЩĺ壬Ҳûж໨ѾȥЩ䣬ֻһͷϽǺͼƿˣ
Ǻͼ֮Уֻһ˵ϢڣȥʱռǺͼÿһǳ
ͻȻ䣬ֺںһоӿͷˡ
Ļ顭
ʱ򣬴ӼյԺ֮иֳһμͷԺ֮иֳ֮ϷԼͺǺͼγĻıԴӡʼںǺͼ
һβļ䣡
Ȼһļ䣬ڸոǱʮʿ꣬һμ䣬ƺǳƿغǺͼһķ
ڼıԴӡںǺͼ֮仯ţּϢǺͼÿһ䡣
ֻÿһǺͼǳ֮ϣԼԼ䣬˼յϢңںǺͼĵص㣬ҲһµĻǻֳµĻǣͼյ걾Դӡʮɵơ
ˣӡϵر仯ţڼϢƺس˼յһꡣ
һڳ֮󣬼ͻȻһּΪµĸоָоԼϵЩƣЩͬ
ķҪ֮Ҳżյͷȴڼ֮еĻ棬Ǽ죬ȫܼյӰƿء
ȻںǺͼ֮꣬ȴǽյӡˣ
γɵ꣬ȻյΪǺͼ֮г֮ϻһںǺͼڵϢ
ں֮һµ꣬ѾֻǼԭˣ˵һˣ
ͷԺ֮иֳ󣬼սǺͼ֮е꣬ͻȻݳȥһع鱾塣
ȻںǺͼ֮ڵĸоȴʧ
վ쫷֮ڣɫȻ쫷ĹĺǺͼԼ껹ڵһʱ䣬ЩãȻˡ
ָоһãںǺͼ֮еڷã
Ȼ䣬ԼĴȻӺǺͼ֮зݳˣȻǸںǺͼ֮иո꣬ȴȡ
Ǹ꣬ȫͨģ
һ̣ĸоԼ·ˣ
һģؿĵĺǺͼһˣǱ˺ǺͼǺǺͼ֮ꡣ
壬ǺǺͼ
һſ̲ںǺͼ֮ڵǳ·һѨЩǳ·һѪ⣬ǳ֮ߣ·Ľ
һּΪ£Ϊ˼ĸоȻȴ˿ָоʵԣ
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ڴʱտ͹ˣеһߣǵϿԽԽԶˡ
Ҳһ̣˶ʯȻȥǸ壺ˣǶҪһˣ
ǽհԲܹЩʯˡ
ͷԺ֮иֱֳֳ֮յıе꣬ûκεĶҲûа취ֹһеķ
ȻǸںǺͼ֮е꣬ȴı仯һ£״Ļֻ΢΢һ
֮ĳˡ
쫷·ܵĳӰ죬Ǿžʯ쫷ȻǿңֺȻȥĳֿʼӰ쫷硣
ֻӦײ壺ľ޴ʯ飬ͻȻ֮ı˷Ȼ㳯ǲǺСȥˡ
ҿʱһصĲǺСˣһ˲㱻޴ʯͷУѪϵĹһԵı
СԺһЩСǲǿսƺҲӷḻһ㣬ۿǾ޴ʯҲ֪ʩչʲôȻΪһ͵سһȥһӰ졣
ƿ쫷磡
һʶȻΪǺǺͼ֮иոһ꣬ȴƿ쫷磬תһе
ǸںǺͼ֮иո꣬ͼձ仯Ϊ״һģһǸѭķתţͺǺͼӣؽǺͼߡ
쫷ģյͷһȻڲ֪䣬쫷Ѿϯˡ
쫷·磬Ļʳǣʿʱһ¶֮ı顣
Ȼ֮£Щʿ֪Ҳ޷ֵˡ
һ쫷䵽ĻʳǣԿ϶Щİսһ⣬ȫ쫷ɱ
֮䣬쫷ͿԳ׻ĻʳǣеİɱʳǴӵͼĨȥ
ȻڹԪڡûкøУǼȴǨŭЩİգۼ缴ϸıԼ뷨зһ뿪뷨
һ뷨ֳ޶ԣȻǺǺͼȴһηã
ҲǺǺͼ˺ֶӰ֮£쫷գص˾⣬쫷ˣֱд½̫շȥ
ڴʱԶһĴ󺺣ҲȻ쫷֮У쫷Ӱ쫷ġ
죡
ħ֮ļ죬ħϹħһ㣬ֱӲ쫷֮ڡ
һǱʱֻа֮Ϊħ֮ʵһ˿̵ѾھŹ֮ˣ
ڰ֮ʱͿħʽħ״̬֮½ҹûл֮Ӳˡ
ҲͻƵ˾Ź֮жǿ˭֪
ȻҲ˼쫷֮ڣÿһ˳ǿ߽룬쫷֮еͻһԽԽԽԽ£
ڲ֪䣬쫷̲֮صѾԻˣ쫷֮Уտ̵ĸܵ쫷֮жôֲ
쫷д½ŰԿ϶κα쫷ϯĵط϶ɽɣ쫷羭ĳУôһУ̼Ϳ̿
쫷磬Խд½ݲеǧٿף
ˣղٿ쫷磬һֱȥд½Ĵȥϣܹ쫷д½ѡ
з쫷ͣͷ
Ϊ쫷֮Уɽ֮ʯֻҪ쫷ֹͣЩʯ᲻ܿƵķȥ䵽д½棬д½ش
⣡
ֻ̫յĻ֮أſԽ쫷֮ʯҲֻʯŻ֮еʯд½֮⣬ãã޾֮С
ôٿص쫷磬һ·д½ȥ
֮Уƿ쫷磬쫷֮ʯԸǡС񡢲桢ħ֮
ֻҪǺͼгˣһŹ˵Ҳǧѷĺûᡣ
쫷һ·Ͽգ˹ۣܿسд½Ĵ㣬д½֮Ļ֮أǿ֮еĸֻĿֲ׵磬ŰţǷ̫𡭡
֮أ֮Ǻ֮һȻϣһޱȣһ϶û̫Ȼʵ壬ȴŻԵĴ
˵УҲֻʮʿſԴ͸һϣ
ڼյǣ֮£γɵ쫷磬ͽôһԺɱκξŹʿĹ֮
ϣ
쫷һ֮غٵ׵ʯϽ쫷ûˣһɽС̫ʯ׵ǹ⣬׷׹ע쫷֮к쫷ԽԽ󣬽пʵȫС
ôʯ׵ǹ쫷֮ڵճ̶ȣһʮֹ
ֿԻŹ쫷֮У쫷ٶ𽥷ŻˣȻЩ쫷֮ߵ׵ʯ꣬ѾΧ쫷ʵˣôʽУ쫷Ҳάָٵķˡ
һʱ䣬쫷֮ڵˣʼس쫷ĳȥϣܹ쫷ӳȥ
ڴʱյĵڶֵ꣬Щ޴ʯ쫷֮УҲƿ쫷硣ֻ쫷ŰţȫӰ쫷磬أ쫷еԽԽ࣬ÿһһ¡
ڣһҪըĸоո쵽ˣ
ָоһֳϲȻɫæеСģҪըˣ
˻һΪ쫷תٶȷŻ˷ӿߵĹ壡ˣһɫһ䣬Ǿȫߡ
ʯǧЩˣżƿ쫷Ӱ죬ʯ棬ȻҲڼĳȴ壺졢Ͽ˺Զ
ڲʯǧ١һ˵ħ֮Сǲǣ󣬱ٵ׵ƣһ𱻺ɱˡ
ħ֮Զħļ죬֮󣬲֪ΪΣ꾹Ȼжʱѣڽ쫷кͻȻǿ࣬ϵħҲԽŨˡ
ħ֮СţϵϢħ֮С񶼷ǳ˼ɣ׼ݣ
Щƺ³еĿһƴسеĸϣУԼ쫷Ӱ壡桢Ͽ˻мṩΪħ֮ϰ
ħ֮ļ죬ƺ飬֮УȻʼں󷽶԰й
һڱʱ򣬰·Ѿؼǵ˰Ϣ֮һְȻڣϲض԰ˣȵİһߴһ߶
ʱȻǺͼ콻ʱǣļ죬ѾͻƵŹ֮ˣ
һƬң
ڸֻ£쫷ҪըԽԽˣд½ǿ֮Ϊҿֲĵطһ쫷籬ը˭֪ᷢʲô
Ŀܣûһ˿Զܵĵȫ쫷ıը֮лɢ
ۿŹ壺ԽԽűըĿʱͬļ𣬲֪δȥ

ͷԺ֮иֳ֮ǺǺͼһη˱仯
ͻȻ䣬ǺͼдӰ쫷ֻǧϰٵе˷㼯͵سеġ
һǼ䣬еģֳһոĹⶴÿһⶴ·ͨһ硣
ˡŻġзء졢СԪзء;з졢
һƣڼյһֳ֮ÿһƣ·Ӧһⶴ
Ǻ½
һ֣շͻȻʲô͵سһⶴȥҸߺ⹫ߣ
ݣ
աϿˡ壡졢Դ֮ˣһǸⶴ֮ڣͬʱ֮ıըʼ֮ڵĹⶴһ·˷쫷У̼ƺȥ
֮еĲˣֻҪⶴԳ֣׷Уʧ


404 ƿ֮ܣ
ͨͨͨͨ
ˮĽտɫĺˮУһһһͷֻһ˱Ӻˮ֮зɳڰա
εɫ죬տĺˮһɫشţؼһƬס
ŨŨԪˮһĺ绺ƮţһյͺȵŨԪ
Ǻͼ֪ʱ뼧յ֮Уеһ㣬ǺǺͼ֮Уһڰκε춯
쿪˷ݹȥִ󺣵׷Ժֳ֮֮ûһԶĲ̽
壡졢ϿˡԴ֮ˣһɫɻãȻض
ŨԪȻǶǶд½ϣԯ֮⣬ûκһطԪŨ
壡졢Ͽ˵ˣֹªŵֻһ˼϶д½
գʲôط΢΢üͷͬ쿪
½һκһµĿǺЦ͵д½Ļ֮أҲ쫷缴ѿ߰ʵ̫ˣҲòѰķ뿪ԡǾ
½壡һԵúǾ
ģϿΪ򶨣Ѿϰڸ֮еֻּνǴġ
һѾҡҡͷ¶˼飬˺һŵһħİ½Ԫۼʮħ꣬һصд½Ԫڷĳֱ仯
壺ˣΪˣǰûκҪˣϸԼռľһһ˵һֱ˵ԪڵĺǺͼ仯µҽǸ½
ñһ󣬵Ͽ˷æǺǺͼֱγɿռ򣬲׼ȷضλ֮ǣлܹγɻ飬Ƿǳı
壺˺һۣҲֳϲ
ܷȥ壾ϲ侲
Կ
ͺǺͼһ깵ͨŽǺǺͼקûлѶپôȥʱǺǺͼȻ֮ɳ
һǳͼȻͷ֮иֳ
һſ˸ǳâ㣬ʯһǶһճεͼ֮ϣÿһǳ֮䣬ϸ˿ǳߴţЩǳߵ֮£һſǳ
ǳͼģһʵӰӣֻҪȥԷӰӺͼһģһ
ǺǺͼеļյһ꣡
ǧǳ㣬ǺǺͼ֮һһֳǳǳ֮ľ붼һһƬƬǳɸָͼ
Уһ˶ǳԣĹҪȱǳҪࡣ
һͨǺͼ꣬һŹâǳԼǳ½
ǺǺͼ棬ÿһǳһģеǳâڣ֣֮ǣһǳâ΢û֣ǳ֮ڵĻǡ
ȻǺͼ֮ϣĻûһһǳǳûκεҲûһ˿Ĺâ˸
ǡ
Ǻͼϣռ˰ٷ֮ʮںǺͼÿһ䣬ӵڵ֮ǣаٷʮңǳ֮ڵĻǣ٣ֻаٷ֮ҡ
ǺͼȻǳÿһ䣬Ȼͬϡٵ֮ǣǷëǵĻǣͨǺͼԿǳʺϾŹʿĻжôϡٵġ
ںǺͼģиȺĴԲ㣬ܱߣһСһķ¹СԲ㡭
ָ̫ǺǺͼĵĺͰ׵㣬ָָߵ߸ǳ㣬򡣡
ָ֣Զһâڵǳ㣬Ӧþǵд½ˡ
ͣÿһ̫ľŹʿϸ²ĺǺͼϣԿǺͼ̫
̫϶򡢺½ÿһλã̫ǳıž˵һ£ûκε
ֻҪһۣǺͼָ̫
̫򣬻᲻ᣬ᲻ỹɺǳͼأͻȻðôһͷ
ǺͼͻȻΪ֮һ䣬һĿĹâ˵ͷ˸ĿγɹâǺǺͼ췭ظı仯ǳǳ֮ľȫˣǡǡ֮ǵλãȫͬˡ
һµǳͼ
ǡɺ򡣡ЩɬԼ𾪵ˡ
Ǻͼܹ仯ǳͼ嫣嫣Īɣа޾еͼ
ԽԽȣǺͼİ󣬽޾ǳͼ̺УǺͼļֵҪȭ׺ǿϲֹһΣ
ѹ֣ѹԪҪʮħ꣬ſԽǺͼŪ
ͻȻ䣬ΪʲôǺͼôѳˣݳҪҪȭ׺ڼҪǿҼǧ
ôǳͼȫ㼯һ𣬹ǵôһ;ѾԳƵϾ춯ˣ
ڴʱͻȻոоЩƣЩ㡣
ָоһ֣ǺǺͼϿʼСһ˲ʧ˼յԺ֮ڣûмֳ
Ҳһ̣ղŷչǺͼÿʱÿ̶ҪӴľң־ٶȣѲעĻоԼʧ
ͨһľˣϢ֮䡣
ֱǺǺͼԺ֮»Ϊһ֮󣬼ղŷڲ֪䣬ľȻֻʣˣоƣŷƳ
ӣд½ʱǺͼѾľֻǸʱһҪȹ壺죬ûв
ȻˣľȴԼ֧Ǻͼˡ
һܹǺͼ´ҷд½ڣҵľ̫ˣô֮ǰұȽָ˵Ǻͼʧ󣬼ղŶ˽͡
˻һȫĵͷ壸ǺЦĪЩħߵĸ֣ҲǺһħ֮صаħ½ûоԵİ֮ǰӦҲд½ˡ
ͬصͷħŪҲɱˣƲҲһϢ£ħ֮ˣҪȻ϶ðա
գ⺣½д½࣬ԪӵŨӦÿԺ׻ָŶ԰ɣʡ
ȻֻҪʮʱ䣬ҵľȻȫָʱұԼԣǺǺͼܹܲǴд½Ц
ôһ˵売ŷ
½̸ֺ̱ˣ˵˱ĳطأ̧ͷ죬ͻȻ̸̱̫֮֡ڵһЩ̸֮Ĳս̱꽻ϡ
գոҲˣĻǣԽԽˣٵԺоŹʿǾͲˡϿһ£ͻȻЩ¡
պ͵Ͽ˾һʱദ֪Ͽ˵Ƣԣôһ˵ֻһ£ԼԼ˼ˣϿˣĪɣҪı̫򣬽̫ȫɻǰɣ
Ͽصصͷ
壺ˣŵؿŵϿˣ׵ϿΪʲôô˵
ûȥ壺죬ϿһضżգжЩȣ֪ǰˣڻǵҪʿҪܶ࣬еǳ֮ǰ˵ʳıƷ
ǰҲͼıҪǵǱɻǣǣһֻǣξͻȡеǳ֮һ㣬һǵòǲһ£Ὣеĺ⵱ɶ⣬ΪҪǵϻԸǡ
ΪˣȻȥôȴʼղܹõǵ⣬ûһοԳɹġ
Ҳˣ̫Ҫ˶೤ʱ䣬ͲлˣǸɺ򣬱ﻹҪأ£ǲŲʣ̫ԺľŹʿҲ֮أҲʮʿ
գǰ㵱ѣ˿Խ֮ǵ㽫ǵԸȥֻҪܹõ̫ǿһЩͬ⣬ǰͿԺ̫ʿ̫򵱳أΪЩǳ֮ӣ̫µϣ
ֻҪʱ䣬ǾͿԸı̫ȫµĻеǳ֮㹻ǵľŹʿĲŹǰˣΣһȫĺð취ֻҪͬ⣬ֻҪܹǣ룬̫㲻Ϊ֮ػɱˣԽֽ⡣
Ͽ˽ʱ򣬼ʼճĬţʱʱصͷϿ˽֮󣬼ղŵҿԡ
ԿУȻǰҪõ˴ͬ˫йâڣǿѰһطԳԣһַ֤ʵЧܻࡣ
ֻҪһЩǿ̫Ѱһƶǵأǵ»κ̫ĶġҲͷʾͬ⣬һˣѰЩĵȽ룬Ӧúܾ顣
¾ħߡһҿ˰ɣЩ˽ļһռΪȤǼ룬þǺ¡տЦ
̼һ˴ǿ֮У̼ǷǳϹصһңȥռˣǻں½ǿһԡ壶ˡ
ϿԵ÷ǳ˷ܣܳɣǽǰԶѣǰһֱмǡ
һ˫ӮʧЦ
ǻʲôԴ֮ҵ˻Ὺڣ۴е½ŮӦҲǳƯŶԣǲǰտգ
Դ֪֮һ㼧̫֮ĵ飬Գ
̲ס̱漡
ȥ̼ңȻ̱漣һ̫֮ģ̱˵Ժ󲻻ټˣ̼ңҴôһڱ֪̱漵ʱһ
ʼڴ̼ҵһˡ
˭֪̼ʲôطϿ˼еʵ
Ҫ֪ЦЦȥʿۼĵطֻҪǽϵϢͷų룬̼һ˹ǵġٺ٣½һӳôİĸΪˣ̼ҲżŹء
壺ЦͷжԽԽϲˡ
߰ɣѰһʿۼĵطԥһȣȳһȥ


405 ɵʢᡣ
½һ޼ʵĴ󺣣·ûյ㣬ûоͷ
һ½ϣռʮ֮ţֻʮ֮һ½أЩ½أһСȵС
½һʮĶããУ׺һ죬ֻ½ĵеļ󣬴󵽱ˮƹĹҪ
һˣ֮µĺϳ۳һʱ;·ĵ죬һֵ޳Ӱţмһֵĵϣˮ֮УҲڲ㡣
ȻЩĵ֮ϣȴǿڣڣһĶûС
Ҳ˵ЩСȵĵϣûʿڡ
ü˺Ƿѽ⣬ڿʼǲǺ½̫ˣͨ;֪˺½Ĵڣ֪½ǿʿţë
յôʱ䣬ԲӦʿŶԣʵǷһʱžٸСȴûзһʿټ
üյкɻЩ½ˡ
ӦЩʣôĿĵѰȥҲǰ취ͣµεУһڲ񣬻
壺ЩˣҲ֪ȥǰ취ԣȫͷʾͬ⡣
Ͽˣȥˡ΢΢һЦЩֻͨİգûмʲô棬ò
סϿ˽ضĻ˺ߡ
ЦЦյҲûж˵ʲô׵Ͽ˲ûĶŭһմһأȻڽΪƫԶһطȥ
ϿԹԵȡ̣תһʧҡҡͷǧ֮ڣûǿ꣬Ҳ˵ǧ֮ڣʿڡ
ǲط˰ɣԴ֮δżһȥ͵Ͽˡһɻʵ
ܣϿҡͷ
ܡҲͬΪԴ֮òͼ߷ƣҺͼ֮ĹϵΪУڶԴԴ֮ʱԵ÷ǳơ
ûмǸǳͼҲ˵طǳͼֱǣ֤Ǿں½϶дģСһİɣЩ½ʿ϶ڱĵطֻʱûҵǰˡ壵
ţǿ϶һ½ıĵط½ʿд½Ҫܶ࣬ǿ϶ҵǡ⺣½Ȼд½һЩǵٶȣҪ˼죬ͿԽһ½һ飬ҾͲҲǡü
壺ôһ˵Դ֮ҲûˣԴ޾ɵϣˡ

մ洬һȦһطɵ˹壡˵ԡ
ڶءһָ˷򣬿϶
϶ڶ𣿡Ͽʡ
ȻոЩ˵ˣ˵һ½ˣڶߵɵţ˵ɵɺٴǶ˵ܶŻһΣһЩͯͯŮɵϡЦŽ͡
˻һ϶ˣЩ½ʿǲͨһġ
Ҳѹ֣һ½ϱضǵ죬һʿȫռһԼĵ죬ȷûбҪͨһ
֮ԺܶһˣѰͯͯŮȻ˶Żͽ
ŪǳԵˣȷĿ꣬һ·һ½ȥһ·ۣԽԽǿ϶һδˡ
ųŶߵĿǸоԪԽԽŨ·⺣½ߣſԲϵͷųӴԪ֮أԽǿǸԪͻԽŨ
ѹֺ½ʿۼڶߣߵԪȱĵطŨʮֹֻҪʿ֮ˣȻᳯŶ߾ۼˡЦ

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һˣվǰ֮ǰ
Ȼ˽ͷſǰкȴ·һ㣬Ȼܹܿز֮硣
ЩİһȻϣһϣ谭ͨðȻģڣǰ֮ǰһߵĵ֮ϣһ޴ңдż˶֡ɵĪ롣
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ЦЦҲкôǽԼ뷲ֳ֮磬ǽսʱ򣬷˲꣬һ㣬ǲ˵Է˵Ҳһ
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̸ֵڳ֣
ȼտ̸ֵʵòǴ͵سһѽձסЦֵܣֵܣôˣ


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̸ִˣոЩ½ʿСʵ
̸ֿҲûЩˣǽرżգЦѡ
̸Ѿڰ۷֮Ϣ֮УԼЩ̫֮֮Ϣӣ̫֮Уһ˲Сջ
˵֮ǻԵɣôǺ½ЦŴ̸ֵĻѣû뵽Ȼô㣬Ǻǣ̫֮
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ǺǣӣгһͻƵŹ֮д½ĸ֪ͨҡʱ֪һ㰲ʲôˡЦЦ̸ֱ߱˵

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Ͽһ㶣Ҳԣûʲôüƽϵģǵ̬һǻС֣ҲȻϿͻˣپŭ

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ģǰ⹫ˣտһҫһչɳѪ͵ؿ񱩵ķɳż˽ɱȥ


407 
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ѪÿһѪаɳҫ֮зڶÿһѪڷڵʱ򣬶໥һЩڵĸǰʱ򣬾ѪȻסǣһ͵ؽɱ

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ҪײϿϵڵĸ֣ӹ֮УȻȻ֣˵ϿԵļպ͹壡
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ȻӦҪԼֹϿ˼Ӱ˵ĴųʩչףϿ˵ԸıսƣҲֻ֪ſϿ˵ʧȥá
ˣ˶Ƶļգ˵Ͽˡ
Σֻк֣ԸڵľŹʿڵľŹʿȻҲǳ֮ѨǻԶԶûнѨ͸
ڵֻķ֮һѨǳ֮ȹ壳üѷɫ٣ȥԸ졣
һĵ˶Ըպ죬ӦúռϷ磬ΪڵѨȻǳ֮ϧȴһѨû͸
һʱ䣬ûǳ֮顣
ĻʵҲֻܹһŵľŹʿӦԶԶŹʿκһ
ǣʵ޳
սȫʩչѪʽȭסҫһڼԪڱԴԴ˲ŷԼһֲĹ
˵ͼӲӲĺһ˼һ˲䣬ͱյĿĵɳȥûκλأ
ôҲ벻Ź֮ļգȻԱôֲŬξȫֻҪһտˣϾͻᷢԼ·һֲ޸ˡ
֮ļգħּɽѵ磬ƶȰƮ
ΪյǿƣһѨûߣſԲó̫ѹֻҪ׼ᣬںʵʱһ¼ɡ
̼䴫˺½ŹʿľŹʿּĸֽɵĲˣֻҪ޳ʿĲ
⼫ɵĺ½ʿ׷׸ӦƮ쵺Ŀֲ壬һЩƮ쵺ʿɣԿһĳˣײʱгֵ졣
ûκεĳɣֻҪǷƮ쵺쳣ĺ½ĸ֣׷׳߻ۣҪǺָں½
һʱ䣬½ʿ綼ˣĸ֣˷߻ۡ
֮ǰ輧һ˽СڼպԥĶʱʧس߲ϼ֮ڣӦýƮ쵺̼ҵĸ߲ˡ
δЩ½ĸһһһ˳֣ˣȫǹͷÿһͷͷϣһŹֵɽ塣
֣ͷͷɽ壬һģһվһȫǾŹ֮Ϊ
Ϊһ˷ͷĹͷֻ֮ǳ߿һۣϾһü
ǲŸոյڵ֮λӦʤλòŶԣǣǺʲôڽ֣ǷͷĹͷһСͷʵ
˭֪ءͷŵϿˣɫ죬ʲôΪʲôϢǳ֣Ȼǵ̬һҲ֪Ϊʲôսһ𡣡
ףЩͷⲻǽɽϵ𣿡һЩ̫ڻ״ĺ½ĸ֣̲סָͷе
ȷɽˣսڵĸһڵġһָü϶ҸողŽӴǵģĸڣ̼ġ
ڽֵģʲôطˣû
֪Щ˺϶ǷɻģΪɻˣ϶Żı־ֵĹʱҲʻأЩ˿϶Ƿɻģ
ǻʲô½أһ̼ҵǿʵڡɽͷɻˣ⣬ʣµĶһЩԶԶ̼ҵյӦûбʵԺڶԿ
ǰ̫ǺպЩѾǿ̼ˣȽɽͷɻʵҪǿô˸Һǹȥأ
Щˣд½ģǸ꣬գӴյʿʱ˵˼һ˵ݡ
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ֵطʿôô󣿾ȻҺڵ˽֣ǲˣ
ƺ·簡д½Ҽסطˣ֮ǲܹС

һʱ䣬ΧȫǺ½ֵ۷׷ڽɽͷȫɻֵضżաһˣƺڰһ˵ʵ
ǵ͹һЩС֮ǵˣܹôǿߵ֮ǣǸֵӵĵطһǷͷĹͷСͷ
۲һʱСͷһͷɫأȻһˣֵ𾴵Ķ

ĬĬ۲ʱͻȻƮ쵺Ϸ߲ϼ⣬ȻѿһɫҴңæ߲ϼ֮߳Ϊһ̫̫񾼾ס֣ס֣
ڵһ̫̫ˣԥһ£ƺҪ֣ͣȻȴӶ˿ըڵľŹʿǿѪǱҴܡ


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̫̫Ĵ󺰴еʱڵľŹʿմ˳ȥǿѪʱ컹ûշؿһȦǻţëս
˿Ŀ֮Уֱ˵ıǿС
Դ֮ٺټЦһЦڼյļվֵ㶨
պˣתڵк͹壽ֵĳü׼սȦͳüɱˡ
ס֣̫̫Ͳסһ
ŹʿͻȻ̫̫֣˵ڼպǰ棬׷üͷ壬ֹλαطҪϾɱ
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壺͵Ͽˣüʱһס֣һֱ侲εɱڹ壡յȥ
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֣һҪƣĬȻͷͳüվ޵ؿżһˡ
Ͽ˺͹ˣҲʱͼվһ
ĺ½ĸ֣˷ۼһʱ䣬Ʈ쵺֮ϵϣһϵӰԵһ£ǲǧˡ
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̼ҵĸʲôˣΪƮ쵺󶯸ɸꣿ̫̫һʢŭ߽壺ͼգ
Ȼ̫̫ϵڵһˣ֪˵ݣûѯǣֻǶżһ˷ʣȻ׼׷һ˵Ρ
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̸С֪ʱðͷżտһۣܾһæ˻ȥȻЩˡ
漵ѣ̫̫һƵôû˵̸֣֪Щѣҵĵطɳʲô飿
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üͷûж˵ʲôһɱڡ
ϿͻȻ䣬ƺ½̼ѾֵˣԵļ˵գطˣﲻֵýǵҪǻطɣ
˵ͷյţҿ̼ҲֵͶ룬̫ıӦûӸȤǵĺκһڲΪǳ֮ǰܾǡ
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Ϊǳ֮һ仰һеľŹʿȫͫ΢̼ҵ̫̫ɫһ䣬ߵ֪ʲô
̼̫̫ἧյ˼ˣܾü֪ǵܣ͵ص̸֣һ֣һɵӣ˲佫̸סˡ
̫̫ɷ̸֣ǲҽˣǲǣ
̸ɵڣɫ࣬ǱһֻεĴָס˲·ʱϢ
ɫ̸ѣӣ̫̫Ҫɱ̸֡
Χôĺ½ˣһüͷҲЩƺףȴû˵ҿڶ˵ʲô̼ں½¶š
üЩڵˣۿ̼ҵ̫̫ѣڶ˼ֻ飬ƺſ̫̫ͼǽ档
Ǻ½̼ҵĵ̣½ľŹʿȫ̼ҵķԸ̼ңǺ½ʿΪС
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̫̫ѯ̸֣ȴȻû̸ֽ˼ҪȻס̸ֵĲ̸޷һ
϶̸ֽܸ˼գǲ̸˵࣡
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Сӣ㵨Ҵˣ̼ҵ̫̫ȻŭǺ½ֲҰһûд½ǻΪܷ첻ɣ
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ǺǣСֵܣǷɻˣҵȻΪɻôЦӯӯ
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ǻݻ顣ȻһЦɽǽˣҲԱ֤ɽԵõǵĳꡣ
ȿȡ̼̫̫ҵĿ䣬ƺҪҺʹͷﻹǺ½̼ġ
λеϿˣڰ壬ſԽǱɻǵԯʵѣտҲ̼ҵֱָ̫̫ŵϿ˸Һʹͷܡ
ǰ壬ǼյѣǱɻǵķǰΪóı죡Ͽɫ
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ƺ򣬷羰λҲԵǱתת

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̼̫̫ݺݵصСһƺҪͨйеŭû۾ĶͶֲ壬һôʰ㣡
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ڹԲ̨̼̫̫һ֣һں½ζӵշݹһ˵ǰּõ
½ζд½һˮһϡŹ֮ӨӨϣɫӣңбĥ̻һЩˮĿ˵š
̼ҵ˿˵ЩˮĵĲ֮ͬȲ̸£ֻһشߴƷ
һҲ̨֪̼£ֽԵһЩˮֱӴá
֪ǲǱ̼̫̫ⰲŵģ̱漾ڼյԣʱʱڼյȥҧֱ졣
ԹԵغԵҽйʳЦӯӯƺԼշǳȤ仰˵һЦͼ̸
żպôҵḺ̸̌еĻԽԽϵȴԽԽ䡣
һ̼̫̫ƺջ΢΢һЦλܹƮ쵺ԣŮСʴӱ
˵һϻ˶ЩﲻȤ̫̫֮ЩΣŵԴ̼ҴǶ֪ÿռ֮Ǻ󣬱һֱЩҰĲƩ¾ħߣˣ̫޼ɣڻǺɱĴ½Ϊ֡
ǰʱΪ岻ܹԽ磬ȻǴҶ˺ܶвǻûв֮ǣȻҲ֪ÿռķһǾҪˡ
ˣΪ˵Ща֣бҪǵ֮ǣؽͿ̿ΪЩаū֮أλΪ
ģԯȺͽɽɻЩ֮⣬һЩ֮ǵĸ֣Щڵ֮ǲ纣½ǿҲû̫ĳ֣ΪЩа֡
̫̫ôһ˵Щȱ̬ŴһҪͬʲôģҪأܹЩа
αһֱأͻȻһ䣬ħ֮ѾˣСƸأͲħΪʱ֪ǲģβȽħߵвγأ
ôһ˵ɫ΢䣬ĵСӹȻĺ


410 ҵģ
½һ̵ƫƧϡ
ճУʯ֮п裬Ǻ½һռпռңֻҪǶ÷ˣԴռ֮У֮ǡ
ͳüˣԶӶһԲƺںϼţü֪ΪԼԭ򣬲ܹԯȴߣҲǳĬš
ŹʿҲڣŭ죬һֱӦαԯȣαա
ڣһռǰһ׼ıռƶ켣
ڴʱա˵ľŹʿͻȻڴڵѪɫһһס
ʹصڵϣԼĺǵָڣһɺѪ
ءʹţҪ˵Щʲôȴܹ
ͳüˣɫ䣬Ȼ˲Ծü׼ȥˡ
ȥһһѽü˻ּһ֣ͳüһС

ʹľŹʿ͵عһ£ͻȻѿѪɽ
˵ѪɽȥѪζ죬Ź
ǵѪ֮ðĵֻһЩɽȥѪ⣬ȫˡ
Ʈ֮꣬ɫʹ˻ţػΪΪѸٵʧ֮䡣
ڵĸ֣ȻˣȴԶԶﲻľ磬Ȼǻδ߳½ȴ׷ײ̬졣
ͳüˣȫˡ
˵̬Ȼ˶ǣոսսʱ򣬲ǳüûз˭ʹҾԼûвһ̵ֱĵطϵĶزŷ
̫ˣ
üͻȻЩ־壬˿Կ϶˵ͼһйأȴ֪ζֵġ
ʦ֣ǻȥǣüߡ
Ȼһŭգȴ侲ҡҡͷոǶռݲϷ磬ڡûϣο̼ҺͷɻɽЩˣһǣڻȥͶ
ʲüʹҡͷϳɱš
һǿѹеŭͻȻȥаħ½
ʦ֣üһ㶣Щ˼
ʲһҲ˰װ׺ǣȻ̼ҡɻɽߵһǱħ֣ƱҪԯȺ̼ҡɻɽ𣡡̧ͷ
գһקס˳ü͵سıĿռ򣬽ֳһ֮С

аħ½
찵أŨŨħһ㣬½ǣһ׵ľ޴֣֪ͨδ
һֻֻ޴ħһɶһļµ
һԲľ޴Ԩ֮Уǧħۼһڳһ˷ع
һħһ˫죬Ϊĺڰ޴ħΧţһħĻɢ
޴ħԨڣǧħһһɱķѣ״ҡ
ħԨϷһʮħаħ½ĸ֣ĿƵؿһħɱ
ħˣֻСļ𵤡пָѡһͺͷͷħԨеļ죬
ħ֮ˣСԲѣǺͺһɱ磬ǿԽħ߳ûȡħаħ½λãǧѷĺûᰡһͷ̷Ͽӿݵĳª󺺣²
磬ħ֮һչزڽҪͷǳª󺺼ͺͷٴ
ֻ룬һֵֵǽһöļ𵤡óͺͷԥһ£üֻʣһöˣ¸ˣ֮ײϣһԸħľǳͷβķӣǿƲ
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ǿӰġͺͷ˵ͷֿЦҲҪˣһ˵֮߻ħˣļһƿصİգǣһȻħģ˺ѿƣļ֮󣬻ὫǶȥ
԰ɣȡħаħ½ĵλⲻǴһֱԸǧѷĻǰһԣ̫ϧ˰ª
ͺͷĬ˺һڵͷǺãǾһ԰ɡ
һöɫĵ裬ͺͷзݳȥǵħԨ֮ڣڿҪ䵽ͷϵʱǵȻѿΪϸ꣬ڼϡ
ͻȻ䣬ð̣类һһ㣬һҰް˻
ӣħԨڲϵشΧħʬѹġ֨飬ɫħ
һɿֲˣֱӴϱһ֮£ħԨǳܲסͻȻըֻһħԨɡ
ҵıըУ˱صûټ
һаħ½ĸ֣ĿħԨƺڵȺʲô
䣡
ħȻеʯֱӴӵصڳھħɫãȻļ죬֮󣬵ͷֻ૵

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˵ע֮£տ֪аħ½Ƕ֣αزشʱ򣬸ǻԵĴҪɱƺһɣ
ڣܹаħ½ħ߿ûмЩûʵˣһͷĬ
ɽϵĴͷԥһ£ˣ˼ǣƲ֮£ŻΣԵúΪѡ
̼ҵ̫̫üͷаħ½а̫࣬ԶԶֹһħߣٽаħ½аħ½ĵֿĻҪõ֣ԶԶֹôࡣ
ǷɻǸҹȥҳһ£ȻȻһЦСֵܺǣȻҪȥаħ½ħ߸ˣȷǸ÷ڴʱħ֮˵֮¡
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ҲԺЩаħ֣һԸħ֮룬аħ½ӦҲ˻ħߵλ÷ǳȤɣ룬Ųôʱߣڵں½һЩ˵顣
ոյʱЩǳ֮ջ֮£ƺ˺̼ҷֵͷӣκεȨǾԵġ
㹻ǰյĴڡ
ǴӲаħ֡ɽСͷ
̼ҵ̫̫ҲüͷЩ֣ۣͬĻǺʲôֱ˵ᱻЩ˳ûݺˣ粻ȥء
ظ
һ䣬տ˿ɽͷһ̼ҵ̫̫Ϊʲô̫˴ǿ⼸һˡ
֪Էǵˣ뾡һа취ԷƫƫҪôƹأùԿĿ϶ԼЩ˾粻ͣȴת׼һǲš
һƺҪŭ̲ס˸ɫվҿҲźú룬ǻʱ䣬£Σ
˷׷׵ͷʾúÿ顣
֮Щ˿ʼϿѯǳ֮飬Ϊĵ⣬еҪϿ˵ⷽ飬ϣܹϾǳ֮
ȻȵϿϸؽǡǡ֮ǵĹϵǲһ飬˵ǱɻǣҪ꣬ҲҪʱĺЩɵˡ
һǱԵϿ˵ǳ֮ȤѯʵϿܹܲЩǳ֮ӸǾȾȼǶʱܹõǳ֮ѨѸͻƵŹ۷֮
ǶһۿЩ˵ļУȲ뾡Ͽǳ֮Ƚȼü֮
Ȼ䣬շԼ˸ԭǵ͹˽֮ģЩеĴûΪ￼ǵĴ㣬ֻԼͻƵŹ۷֮
ֻҪԼܹ֤㹻ǳ֮ѨǾˣԺ̫ĺߣǵĹķΧ֮ڡ
ֻҪϿ˵ǳ֮ӣһ̶Ըȣ
ȻЩĻ䣬վֵˣҸطЪЪǻں½죬еʱ̸۴ʱ͵Ϊֹɡ
漣㰲ǵסޡ̼̫̫ͷһָ̱漡
̱վյǰ
Ƴ˵ڵЩһۣرĮȻ̱漣Ʈ쵺ʯϵļ¥档
̱ڶԴ壡ʱ򣬻ǿǰź֮ͻȻضԼյл˵
ȥķţɾҡͷܾ
㣡̱ҧŭصżգĽëţԵú
û顣һԹһ
ЩĿ⡢Ψͼ˽Ҳ𣿡̱漶һͻȻ
±УҲû⣬˵ͷһ̾һ⣬ҪˮƯˡ
壡ˣҲһ¥ڣ̱漺ͼսʱ߳ŰŵϿ˵һ¥ȥ
̱С䶯˶壺Զ֮ͻȻ߽գؿ̫ΪˣΪ˶һҸ㣬ԭȵĴ㣬вͨ
ֱ̱ĳȣһߵǰͻȻ۾һգΪʲô½
бġ
бΪʲô̼ң
Ϊ㣡
㣡쵰
̱һ䣬㻹ͦȻô֪
ǡհȻһͷд½֪жŮźŷҪ޸ҡ
ֱһ̣ղŻȻƮ쵺棬Ϊʲô⹫˵ôһ
̱漣ٻЩںģ٣ֳ޶ԡ
̱꣡Цżյ˫ۣ³֣ţ
Ų㡣տЦҡҡͷҺܿͻ뿪ԺҲлټˣһȥҵķӣĿޡ
׼ߣ̱ظһǾ仰ҧ˻ûأ
ʲôʣȻ治֪Ƿʲôء
㣡ָ̱޺޵̫֮ĵʱַңһû֮ǰ㲻׼ߣ
С㣬տЦã̫֮ĵʱӦַҲŶ԰ɣ˵Ӧңţ˵ʵ
̱漲ȻŭְڼյؿڣԪ¡

һɳˮȻ뼧յڣڼڿը
ƺһҲŭˣЫĳŮˣ
һɫѾˣȻҪ䵽̱ϵʱ򣬼տ̱˫֮е⣬вΪ߷ĺΣȴȻˡ
Ұ̱ŲӣƵƺ׼˼ղᶯ֡
žžž
ɫʧյĴ֣ȴݺݵ̱漵ķϣŭҵģ


411 ħ
̱ܾӣʧ͵غˣȵʲô
ؿżգ̱ŭ⣬ȻûϵվȻɫ죬еļգЩ̫һ
һ̱漵ķϣֺ󣬼һȻʵڵĽӴҪ֮ҪΪˡ
ָʶĽһ£·ץ̱漻Բ̵ͦϣ¶ɫ૵һ䣺Ȼһ
̱漱ḡĶˣݺݵصգû뵽㾹Ȼˣ
գ̱һŭȴûһ˲ʧټ
ڼյӦУ̱Ѿ뿪ˣ̼̫̫ڵ¥Ⱥȥ
ָһ£ɫһ޿κε飬ҡͷŮİŮˡ
̱֮ǰһؿһ̱࣬漾Ź֮ͻȻһ£Ҳֻؿڳһ࣬ɼǿͳ̶ȣѾﵽһǳֲĵزˡ
ؿڵ½󳶿ʧ࣬Ԫǳ֮ı仯Ȼ䣬ʶָֻҪˣ̲صǻָ
ܿأؿ½е࣬Ѿʧ̱һӿڵ֮£Ѿڲ֪ʧˡ
Ѿָ˼ڵë׽Ʈ쵺ŨԪһ£㽫ĵԪ
ͻȻüͷЩ̲ǳ֮ħ֮ʮһѨƺЩʹ
һհħ֮ǳ֮ʲô仯ɣ
ôһ룬ɫһ䣬ʱȥ飬¥ϥЩѨ֮ڵǳ֮ħ֮롣
Դһд½ϣڵӴħͷųγԿƵ쫷֮󣬼վͷЩħȫûκεԼ
ЩħԿסЩ̲ħӴħ֮룬Ȼ͸Կˡ
յϿ˵Щħ֮ȻӴȴԽظıһ˵־ܹƿЩħ֮ôᱻħ֮ƿأΪħĿܣ
ӻصд½ûһ̵ϾעԼ壬Ҳûʱ̲ǳ֮Ѩûйħ֮Ѱƿħ֮
⺣½ϣΪʱûлָټлЩ㣬û׼뿪
յľۻῪʼǰһһҹʱ䣬ʶһԼ塣
Щ̲ǳ֮Ѩ֮ڣÿһѨһ΢ǳǵЩѨ֮ǳ֮ʱЩѨһǳˡ
ӵǳ֮ѨʮһȴһѨû
Щ̲ǳ֮Ѩڲϵǳ֮Щǳ֮ڷţڵ֫ٺѪ͹֮С
ûпȥЩѨ֮ڵǳ֮Ѿʼ𽥵ĸ壬ÿһ䣬ÿһؽڣÿһϸű仯
ͬʱЩǳ֮ѨҲһڵѪԪڵľѪÿһʱ䣬γһѨ֮ڣѪԪƺάǳ֮תԵüΪ
һккǾȻ䣬·һ֮ĻЩѨһϸСѪǻĹܡ
Ҫʲô壬ѾɵţΪľṩԴԴ
ʮһѨҪꡢѪԪе̲ǳ֮ѨЩǳ֮Ѩ֮ڣΪһ֡
ȵǳ֮ʧ·ѪһΪѨڵһ֣ΪѪ⣬ôѨǳһԴԴؼӴ
һѨ֮󣬿൱ʿܺͣ
ʮѨڵɵԿһŹ֮ǿڵ
һŹʿȴ߰ٶѨЩѨȫôŹ۷֮ǿߣڵȻҪԶԶͨľŹʿ
ˣѨ֮ؼİҲôǼ򵥵ӣʮ
յҺ棬̵ȻѨڵ̵ԪӴʥѪټĪ棬µʿؼеӺ;Ź۷ֽ档
ûЩƾ̣ҪǺһŹʿʵս϶
ףֻнڵѨȫԼ߲ϧʱޣƽؽڵѨ
ҪĿģҪħ֮в
ЩѨ֮һԸоħ֮ЩѨ֮ڣȻҪȥħֹ֮ء
ȥվӦŪЩħ֮Ƿǳ֮˱仯
Ȼȥôʱȴ걾̬ܹЩ̲ǳ֮Ѩ֮ڡ
·ЩѨû֮ǰǷյġ
ҲζţԲ̽ħ֮ĶֻܹƾĸоӦǷǳ֮˱仯
רȥôʱȴûз꣬Ȼı仯
Ǻͼ֪ʱִ֮зݳһ棬ҽϢȫȻˡ
ͬʱǺǺͼһ꣬ȴ׵Щ̲ħ֮Ѩ֮ڡ
ϵ鷢ˡ
һǺǺͼ꣬ûһ谭ֱӽÿһ̲ǳ֮ħ֮Ѩ֮ڡ
Ѩ֮ڣޱ߿տãã磬ħ֮룬ͬһ㣬ϣͷħ
ѨУ½شǳ֮γɣǳ֮ԣ˸ǳ֮⣬𽥵Ϊյǳ֮
һ꣬һѨ֮󣬴յ顣
һѪǡӿѨ֮ڣͻȻѪ磬һѪѨ֮ںѨ磬ͻȻһѪѪһ֣ħ֮붷һ
½룬Ŀ죬ǳ֮Ѫħ֮룬ȴһҵĽ档
Ҳʱ򣬼ոоѨǳʹȻѪħ֮Ľ棬ѾӰ쵽۸ˡ
ԭ
Ĺؼˡ
ʥ޺ħսֻǣǽսƵԼ֮УԼѪ֮Уʥ޵ħ֮ħһ֣ʥ޺ħŽⲻĳޣһĿǰ״̬Կ
ʥ޺ħûһ棬ȻڵľѪͺ룬ȴǵһЩӡ־ӡǸٹ̵ģӰ޴
ˣѪħ֮Ѩ֮֮󣬾עһ㣬չҵĽ棬ûలµĿԡ
ҲΪղŻоѨʹ
ڵѪʥ޵ӡħ֮룬ħϢֹܹӡĨȥѪħ֮Զֹͣûпܰ
ͻȻ䣬ʶҪħ֮ԼƿأһΪѵ飬ڵû
Ҫƿħ֮ʥѪ֮ڵֻħ֮пܲҡ
Ҫ˵ڵˣǾŹ۷֮ˣǶ
һǰˣʥ޵ܷħ֮ħ֮벻ԸѨ֮г޼ƿʩˡ
ֻҪħ֮ǿ÷ͷħ֮𵽣Դħ֮ЩѨ֮ںҲ˺ܶ취ħ֮ǲô
ֽȥħ֮ڣγɴ˽ʱħ֮ʥ޵ҲѨ֮ڸң鷳͸ˣ˵ᱻ˸ûɵ
һͷԺ֮йһ飬ʶԵʼ˼ӦԵķ
УУУҲС
ͷһһԺ֮иֳȴֱһһأпʼЩķˣ֪Ǻá
جج䣬еıռʶҪ̬ͷһָ֮һԭŭɱ¾һ֮С
ͻȻ䣬ǽѨ֮ڵһ꣬˫Ǳɱ¾ɫʡ
Ҳһ̣ЩѨ֮ڵħ֮룬Ȼһ֮Уزס
һˣ
ںǺͼ֮ڵ꣬ռ˼յ꽫ǸѨ֮еħֽ֮֮һѨ֮ڡ
ñ꣬һǸѨһ޴Ĵʯħ֮Կܵһֽħ֮ˡ
һѨһѨ
꣬׳ڼ̲ħ֮Ѩ֮ڴ󣬽ÿһѨ֮ڵħ֮붼յ
ֻһ꣬ϱһϸܵĺëЩëڣ¶һأħ֮룡
꽫ħ֮յ֮ϢԽԽаͻȻڷɳ˺Ǻͼڡ
ǺͼͶһʯͻȻı仯һǳʼŤ仯еļյһаֱ꣬塢ɱ¾ͷԽԽǿҡ
ɱɱɱһеϵˣ
ͷӺǺͼһ괫ݵյ꣬Ӱ˼յ־·ڴߴټոϽжħƺҪռݼյԡ
ɱɱɱ
Ժֻôһձ˫һڲ׵ħڶеħ֮룬ƺռϷ硣
һнΪ飬տȾ
ͻȻӼյУֳôһѶʧõ̫¼֪Ǹ֮ðˣһŷݳɢڼյ֮С
ֻһձ֮еĸͷ֮󣬷׷ʧ
ͬʱ̫¼ͷųһ˿˿ĺȻϢ˼յ꣬յваͷһֱʧ
̫¼Сתۼ֮гȥ
ڳ׻ָ֮䣬ܵԼǸǺͼľƿȨ
һǸǺͼڵ꣬ϰ
ϣǸȻȴֳ״̬ͺǺͼںһͬʱһӰ̵ؼ壬Ϊļ䣬Ǹ֮вϵݻá
·Ǹּ꣬Ӵİ̵İ塣
մˣ̧ͷźǺͼ֮ڵһ꣬оԼںǺͼ棬Լ̵ؼ״꣬ڵõħ֮֮ƺеˡ

һͷݳȥǺͼǺͼ޵ӰӣصϣȻǺǺͼСԸӦȴ֪巽λһ΢С㣬ʧĳƫƧ䡣
Ǻͼú̫¼һˣ֮УĲŻ֡



412 ƶ
Ǻͼ̫¼һУȴֳӰı䶯
а꣬ںǺͼаǸ꣬±ƿأżյã·֫졣
Ȼȴ˲
ףǸа꣬Ҳһ֣ȷе˵Ǹ̳һаͷ˼룡
ǰʱЩаͷ˼룬һֱѹסðͷа˼룬ǱʶڵͷԳ׸ģ
һ˵һֻгƿЩͷһֱˣһЩаͷ˼벻ܿˣаˣɳħԵĶˡ
һ˵һںһԼսԼаͷ˼
Ǹ걩塢ɱ¾ϢɢպȻףǸҲԼԼǱʶĸֻҪܹսʤԼǸ꽫ᱻƿסԼġ
ⲻһ׵飬ȻҲǿ϶ġ
һˣһӶںԼǸҲֻԼĵаһ棬ֻҪԼرģǿԳƿġ
ȻΪħ֮Ӱ죬аһǿ˲٣ڣڰӰһЩԸԸ˼ֵаԡ
Ҳһ̣ͻȻ֮ǰڶԴ̱漵ʱΪʲôͻȻɫˡ
ԭԼĵаͷǱʶڣǺҪݺݽѵ̱漵ģֻǰʱбǸѹסˡ
Ϊħ֮Ӱ죬ԸܵһЩӰ죬ЩУŻһЩƽﲻ顣
ͷԺ֮ӹü˼Ҳ֪״̬Ǻǻ
ʱ⹫壺졢ϿˣȻ
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һ壡졢ϿˡԴ֮һ˽
⼸죬Դ֮ƺͻȻԵϿȤŵϿˣѯʵϿ˺ܶ޾飬ϿûϰߣֻҪϤģϸԴ֮ͣϿҲԱԴ̬ܸ֮Ȥ
˵ദǢ
壡˽󣬲ɴһڵǹЦݣʵѾͷˣ
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ûæݺݵص˱Դ֮һۣȻ濪⣬յ⹫Ҹո״ЩԾ
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˵һ飬ܶӰ˵־ıһ˵Ը񡣡壳һܶˣһʼǳǿΪһδ̼Դ䣬Ϊɱ޹аˣżʡ
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õģʱһǱʶһ棬˲ֻкġЦЦһˣиŴĻԱüǿ¸ңһǴֻҪȥƿԼġ
գǺһ쵹Ǹɴ࣬Լܶ˵ĸֻ꣬ֻһ˵ԸһЩӰ졣꣬Ȼγɵڶ꣬Ҹǵڶ㣬ֻҪܹƿԼͿƿԵУǺһ
ҪСһ㣬ҪСĲҪ̫ǿһǿԿƣܾͻɣɡ̾Ϣһ
Ȼһأˡ
գ֮ǰһЩӦвͨˡϿԥһ̲ס˵Լ顣
ĻϲҪ̫Ǹıɻǣ̫ǰһũϧҪʵʩʱ򣬲ŷǧѡ
Ȼ֮ǰ͹壡ѾĹˣͨ壡˵ĽӦöµʶˡ
ŵϿʧӣа̾ҵ͹ǵӸԣֻԼҪԭļƻӦвͨˡ
㻹Ǳİ취𣿡Ͽȼϣ
Цŵ˵ͷյа취ǳѰˡ
ղɿ˿壣üͷҡҡͷֻƶ򣬲пܸı̫״ֻǵʵǿκ̫ſԷĴ̫ıǡ
̫ˣǵԶԶ˴ǿҪڶʱǶѣᳬǣΪ̫ƶˣ¾ǸѡϷ顣
Ȼ壺ˣӦҲʶֻУտˣ֪
ֻ̫һǿƵ̫ʿΪܹ֮Ͽ˵ļƻʵʩ򣬲ЩǸı䣬еǳ֮ᱻ⡣
ţֻЧϧǶʱˡͬ⣬һǸضԵϿ˵ϿˣʱȷЩѣûԣһ̫Ĵҿʼˣ˵ڴҹ̫ϴơ
Ҳ˵ԯܹһٳΪ̫ǿʿе֮Ϊ֮־塢ηгһԯܹﵽ߶ȣôļƻͿʵʩˡ
һŵһԵϿ˵ĳŵֻǿͷ֧ƱƺûʵֵĿԡ
ȻϿ˵Ǻżգôһ˵Ͽ֣صͷգ㣡һܹģ
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ţʱҲֻܹˡ壵

֮ļ죬ɹ壳棬̼ҡɻɽһЩ֮ϵĸ֣ۺ顣
̸ֻζԸ¾ħߡֻⷽѿ࣬ǸڵϿ˿ȥǳֲ̫֮Ĵ£壾ڲᡣ
ᣬЩ˵żˣ֮ôԯȣһΪǽħ߸ػһ£ҪĻΪ֮ǰ˵ǲΪǳ֮
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ʱ򣬵Ͽ̫иıǣһǷ֣ǿ϶ʹһа취ȡеǳ֮ôĹ޷
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֮ѰֵĽڣ׵飬˵޵ѡ
أЩ˷ĲһҲǵˣʱ̼ҵ̫̫׳ǵķ⡪ǷɺһƬǵء
̼ҵ׳󣬼ͻȻЩӸ½ĸ֣Ŀ׼̼ңʼ̫̫ȥȡɺĻǵأûûҹϸڣϸһٸ֣ϸº䡣
̰ĵʹ£Щ˵Чʼߣÿһ춼нչȡһǵصĴƣر͸ƻϸޱȡ
ôൽʿֻԯһңûвȻɹ֮ԯҲ϶òκε档

Ʈ쵺ҷ塣
һɽ͹ʯϣӭź磬߲ϼҫź棬һʰ쵵ͼɺȻ裬еķ顣
һ绪ӰɫĮȻԶԶվ˺һŵƮ쵺𣿡
Ťͷվ֪˭ͷҲ
̱ЩȻ⻹Ǽյһοһԣһʱ䣬̱漵ĮЩάֲȥ
ҪˡͻȻͷյ㲻ңҲ𣬵˵ϸˣҾͷд½Ժ󡭡Ӧò½ˡ
̱ͻȻĬˡ
ʮʱ䣬ʱԣһЩС壬мδ֣˭˶ˮݡ
Ȼһ˵Ҫߣ̱ͻȻ÷ǳʧ䣬죬ʵΪʲôôżҷҪ𣿡
ǡҡͷˣ̸ֻǵصĴƣǹͬ¾ˡħߵϸöˣǵصĴ̸ۺˣҲֵһСˡ
˵С¡ʱ򣬼һļЦĵǲײĲᰡ
ǾѾ̰ɱεǣ̱ʡ
ֻǾÿЦˣ¾˵ѾζԸˣȴȥǿռɺĻǵأʱ򣬶ֲΣǳ֮ѾǱ÷ˣûħҿѾ߻ħˡЦЦվ
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ң֪̱漵ͷûȥա
һĬ
գ̸㣡ڴʱԶһߺȡ
Ǹؿ̱漣յҸˣŶˣ˸㣬̸ֿܺһ뿪Ժ󡭡㲻ͨҵϢˡ
̱漵ͷҧȴˡ
̰̱漵Ϻݺݵع˼ۣȻһЦͷȥ
ȥԶ̱֮漲̧ͷ޺޵صȥķ򣬵쵰

½ռڵĻĵϡ
ǿ˸һ޴Ȼѿҫ۵ǿ£һʮˣ֮ڶ
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һſˣȫǾŹʿ
ԣһĿۣİӳΣȴûѪƵģҵӶͷĵطŹһҫ˵˫
ǰһſͬɫĳۣһǹ괩ҪԹж졣
ˣȻӪμϵϢȴȫаޱȡ
У̵߳һˣȻʧĳü
üߵԣ΢΢˵Խǳ֮Ǹ࣬ĿǰӦþ̼ң
·Цߵˣɴ
üͷԹǰȥѸٳƮ쵺ȥ


413 ǿ
̸֣ľһ뿪
ţ̼̫̫زҼں½Լ׼Ҫ꣬Ϊɴ鷳ʲôطһ½ңĵطҲһ
ǺãͺһҪߵʱһ뿪ˡ
ţѾˣʲô⡣
̸ѡͼһ뿪Ϊ̼̫̫º鷳ں½̼ҵȨ˵ս̫̫ж˭עں½κεķչ
ΪԼҲΪԼɣ̸ֶòʺں½ˡ
ǣõ˼յı֤֮ӼŸżܹڻã˲żΪ̸ֺ֪ϾʶˣۿڶʱͻƵŹ֮ġ
Ҫǣ̫֮˲սѾĸμգΪܹĶԲŻԸⱳ磬Ӻ½ǰһԪرŨд½
ܿأպ̸öһЩϸڷ⣬̸һʱ䶼ҪǧҪðȻ뿪
̸Ȼͷ֮һֱ͵Ͽˡһ̸Ȼֻа۷֮ΪΪҲֺȴõϿˡ̸ֺͣǵദǷǳ졣
̱漷ֿ󣬼պ̸̸һ飬׼ҹ˵һ˵ʱ򣬺ȻɻĻҵϢ
Ʈ쵺ռҪˮƹҪ֮һ˵һС˵Ʈ쵺һңڵһɽʯһӦеһС
ҲΪƮ쵺ǰ̼Ҿۻĸ֮ǵĸ֣Ʈ쵺ĸ򣬱˴˼ľ룬пǧﶼֹ
ԯȺͷɻ֮ľ룬߰˰мʮ಻ɽ޵Ź֮˷ٶȿݣ߰˰ľҲֻת˲
ҵϢһֳ⹫壱ֳʯ֮еһƽҵأʯ󷽲Զİ¥
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Ӻݵң͢ʺȹٶ仨ͷͼڿиʱٻţ
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һϵϢʧӰͬʱһµͷգ˵Ϣȫն
žŹ۷֮ΪΪɲ⣬ôʩ֮УǺͬȼĸֹ򣬽ϢӲݡ
պ͹ˣҵЩ㿴϶ҪĻҪ˵ɫ䣬ĬĬؿңȺ˵⡣
û˾õȣҽһŪףȻһЦǣ̸һĺˣţйġ
ķ棿ɻ󣬰һʱܶ˷׷׹ѯϿйǳ֮飬ֻҺͷɻ޶ԣûбֳ㹻ȤںԴаħ½ϣҲûֳ㹻
йǡǵ顣ǺЦٻţǷɻյһЩǰ˵Ѷ֪һЩ˲֪顭
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㵽֪٣売廰ƽ˵Уνĺһ
֪һкܶǵĵطǶǱ֮أѽ룬Ҳױ֣ҪıǵĻǸطӦúܺʡǷɻ԰һػֻҪǱɻ֮ǿԷǷɻһǺЧͣΣֱֱ˵
ǵ̫̫࣬ضǵأνǵôԱ֤׷֣Ҫֻ֪Ҫ֪ˣһϢй¶ȥ̫ɺֵǿռ̼ԸɺһЩɰصǸǵһ売Ϊ
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ҪǰǶҪһڶ˵ðȻڶ𣿡Ƴһۣ
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ڶ֮Ǻǡǣʿʵ꣬Զʧ·ÿһڶһ޾ͨһ档
޾򣬺ڶ˵ĴʣֻҪڶǳԶزʧ
ҲΪˣڶ޾ΪµһȻѣһ˵ĳطкڶֵĻԲﵨҴǶֻжԶԶҺͺڶзֺĽӡ
˵Ĳ٣ǸͨǵصͨһڶУô壺ͼһ㲻ỳǶ϶û˵ðȻ롣
˵ҪͨһڶſԵǶҡͷһزţܣû֪ڶͨδڶǳϱͬˣܡ
˵ͷֱӾܾǺڶĻǾֱӲҳˣ·˰ɡ
ҪڶȴǽڶСƺ֪˻д˱֣ЦŽͣǸǰǵصͨںڶĺ󷽣ǳԷ֣Ƿɻһ֣ҲΪһ㱻ڶűǶǡɷֵġ
һ£Ҽ˵Ϊǰǵصͨںڶĺ󷽣ԣǲ˸ҿ룬ֻҪǸطһЩΣ͸һʧˣȤĻǿԺΣ
պ͹壽һ񣬹˻ᣬյҪǿǣҪ͵Ͽ顣
û⣬ǿԺú룬ǻʱ䡣ͬ⣬һ£ֵˣڶԸаħ½ħߵ飬Ҹ˾òֻûеõҵϿ֮ǰǷɻðȻ룬Ҳ֪аħ½ֻħһǷɻаħ½ĸ֣жѾãǽаħ½Ļ
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տգüֻˡԴ֮δȵһڳüϣһ˿Щسüûɾһ֮ϣֻҪ֣ͿԸӦ
üһ㶣Ȼ뿪½ȥ
ǵģʮǰüһӺ½ʧģǸղͻȻֻˣѸٳԴ֮ͷü˼һ˵Ȼ˼ʮһǿԲɢԹ֮⣬ġ
𣿡ռЦüİɣһһûȤȻ·һ
տգģԴ֮ҡͷ͵ֻܹͨڳüϵĶӦϢôԶľ룬ȴӦ˵ϢҲ˵üͱһҲֻܹӦüһ˵Ϣ
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˻һϱɫˣԽԽԣæпܣҪ֪̼ͨңϽҳӦԵķ
һκ½Ҫˡ壳һѸٳ̼Ʈ쵺´ȥҺεؽϵϢͷųٶȳƮ쵺롣

̼ҵĴڡ
ڸ֮ǵĸ֣ں̼ǿռǸǵأöϸڣҿʼ׼⺣½ϣһ죬Ǹطȡǳ֮
û˲գѾڲ֪Ľ١
ȼպ͹һˣڸϵʱ̼ҵ̫̫һ˵ˣѾöеϸڣе涼Ѿ׵һսѾҪԯȵĲˡ
ΪĹͷı⣬Ҫһء
Ƕһѣ˵°ɣһ̫̫˵Ʈ쵺ʲôĴʩȫʩչɣҪ˶ãü¾˵ĸɱϣʱƮ쵺ܹס
˻һηˣȫסˡ
˵ʲô̫̫ɫ࣬һûв˹ô֪ǲǿǽƶԲŹô˵ģ
ϣ˵ѡպڶֿʼ򣬵ȵǹʱ򣬷Ʈ쵺ܶ˻ܿ챻ɱϣʱĵ̰һš
׼ɽĴͷɫ䣬У
еĴ̱漳ȥ治ϵطͬ⣬Ѿʼŵ׼ˡ
Ҹϵ֮һ˵Ʒ˴ı仯ҲЩţߴ̼̫̫ͣ顣
ΣҾԲŹǣ̼̫̫ߵԴӷֵϿ˲ܹ㹻ǳ̫̫֮Դǵ̬ȣıˡ
һٺ˵ŹǵĻɡЦ


414 ں
Ʈ쵺Ǻ½ǿʿ̼̫˴ǿ֮һڽһǧѾֹʮʿˣ̼ҵʵνΪǿ
½ԪҪд½ŨʮƮ쵺ȻҲǺ½ԪΪŨĵط
̼ƴ󣬸ʧ󷨣鲼ڵϸкܶ󷨣ա壼ֱδţֻеϿԼ֪һ㣬յϿ˵ЩмȻ
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˵Ĵߴ£̼еĸֶæµΪܹƮ쵺ķ̶ȵķӳ̼󷨣ʼҵ˱ؼԪ
һʱ䣬Ʈ쵺ԪʼܿƵӿ˹ЩԪ̼Уƽﴦڸϣǵ̼ҸоΣ֮󣬱ȫ
ܿأƵԪ̼ҵĴ£׷׳̼ӿ֡
Ʈ쵺ϱŨԪЩӣñд½ԯȵԪҪŨʮɽҪŨٱ
һЩӱ֮Ǹĸ֣Ʈ쵺ϣԪŨͷһ¶µı飬ƺֱһ̣ǲŷԼɺƮ쵺Ĳࡣ
ôһԪŨ֮ıƽӹˣҲѸٽ룬֮ǰľ磬Ժ׵
ֻҪʷǷ˲ţԪ£㹻ĵرô벻ǿ󶼲ˡ
ѹ̱漿ôͻƵŹ֮ˣǻ۾ͷǳߣֵõ̼ǰĳ̥ǣ̼ϣ϶鱦ôʱŹ֮ȷԭˡ
һȷʷǷҪĻΪźʵ
ڱ֮ǵĸ֣̱ææµµϵطԸ̼ҵĸжз
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һŹƮţһ޴Ĳʯӵص֮зɳ֮С
طţŨŨԪɫƲһƮ쵺֣ϵƮ쵺ڵ
һɽ壬̼Ҹֵ£ʼı䷽λ̼ҸƮ쵺ɽţıŵϵо޴

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ŮƮ쵺̼Ҹֵ£·һӱ˸Ůħͷؽһչֳ
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쿴˰죬Ҳ̲סôһ
壵ͷɫ£ǰˣ̼ҵֶΣԿ̫˴ǿĿ֮ˣ⵺ϵ󷨺ͰãԶԶҵ֪Ҫߵ·кԶ
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һ˰и̾ʶд½̫Щνİ˴ǿȣȷԲģֲ࣬ھŹʿϡ
̼ңǱǿʮʿ޳ɣÿһ޳ʮ֮ĸ֣û뿪֮ǰ϶ΪԼļЩʲôЩʮ֮İ֮󣬶󷨺ֹؼ϶ȫµʶ
ЩµʶתΪж֮󣬾Щǿɽŵľ޴仯
УЩʮʿ޳ɵǿͨһЩķ֪Щȥǰ˵һЩѶеһЩѶǳͨ壬Ȼ̫֮ЩȴüΪ档
Ʃ磬˴ǿͨռ֮ǵķȫЩǰεѶģַֻǳʶ䵽̫֮ȴޱȵ汦󣬿ǵļ塢ɱøǿ
壡һ˿Ʈ쵺ĸı䣬һʶԼĲ㡣
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ɽƣɸָϡŹֵΣ׵֮ߣֱӲһɽ֮ɽ׹衣
ɽԱߵĺһúֱð˲ɼֻһЩĺͬеĹˮˮ澹ȻðŻ棬ҽ緢
ۼص磬֮ŰһУɵ

ͫڣҫһŵĻȻϵı飬ȴãȻ·֪Լ˫ͫı仯
壡졢Դ֮ϿһˣһĿż˫ͫе仯ŴֳۣȫǶ
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ҽһб֮ɫʣڿϹžű󣡡
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ǳüģǿ϶ֻΪ˱𣬻ǵĿģֻԯȵءһӵĳŹ֮ĸ֣ԥ֮䲻˵ôһ
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415 Թ
һЩ̰ˣÿԼܵвʱ򣬾ͻЩЪ˹顣
Ȼһһˡ
¾˵ĸֵ֣ʱʶ̼ҵסˣ˱˼Ϊ˱ȫԼ˵ǿġ
ɱǣһˣһ
˵ôһ󣬼ȻɱЩ˸е׵ķŭͻȻúЩ϶Ը¾ˣƺֻһЦ
ǰüȻΪԯȶֻҪԯȵ뿪ˣü㲻̼Ҳˡ
ţֻҪԯȵ˲Ʈ쵺üЩӦòƮ쵺Ŷԣ˵ǻȥĵطѰǣпܻȥд½ء
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̼ĿǰˣҪͷĻ𵽾ԵãƮ쵺ϣҲ̼ҵΪǿ󣬱Ͼǵĵ̡
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ģƽˣʱ򣬡ҲôСµģԽԽ£ôҲûҵ㹻ǳ֮ȷܿɱ̸վڼյ˵
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Ȼ˾Ź֮Ժǲŷ̫ʺĵطжôϡ٣żһ֮ǣҲᱻ̫˴ǿǿռк̫ܶεʱ򣬻ܹΧɱ
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һֻ󣬿ʳһ֮еԪȻǿֲ֮
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̫̫ɫѿüͷҲһ޼ƿʩı飬֪ô졣
һϵķ类ݻˣֻȫһսˣлĻЩռȥӡ̫̫ԥһһ̾Ϊ
½һռʱѾٵĸΨһһռҺ˵Ҳֲ˷Ȧ룬½ϻû˭ܹȥҺֲµķȦ¾ƺ֪ʲôٴ׳ذըĺ·
˻һ˶ֳɫ
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أеãȻ𽥵ɢ˫ָֻ
ǹһݲȵЦݣ׿죬ͻȻҲģ
˻һһȫнϵţ˾ϲãȻɻ˷ŭ


416 ǵͷԳԣ
Ҳġ
̶һ仰һӽеעˣֻڸ֮ǵĸ֣һĿ˸˸ؿ˻ɣ˷ŭ
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Ͽôһ˵Щ˸ӱˣĵ˵İĹﶼ֪֪ģ
ԼŲɵģֻй壡졢Դ̸֮֡
ҰŰɣżտһʣʲô㣬֪˵һ̶ܹ󰡡
󲻵ʳԪʳ߲ܣʳֻҪ֣㲻ŹյȻ
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Ǻ̼̫̫ѹסͷǾƮ쵺ᱻ¾ΧȫΪԯ˴鷳
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պȻտڣʼ磬һԲ
֪Ǵţźɽı飬ǿѹеŭ
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˻һǱߵȫסˣһ¶ŵ顣
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ȷе˵ҿԴռ򡣡
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Ǻͼֲͣ쫷γɣ쫷֮еĺǺͼϵر仯ţĿĹâ
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ߣһץס̱漣ֱ̱ӽ̱ƽ˹ⶴ֮С
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壡졢Դ֮йһξ飬ҶԼŲɣ̱֮󣬲ն˵Ѿ˹ⶴ֮УϿһԥЩؿЩһۣҲһͷС
̸ڵϿ֮ͬ롣
Ŀɿڴֱԯߵˣһһⶴ֮󣬲ʶĿǰΨһĻ·Ȼ壡졢̱漶ȥˣȻⶴ⡣
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ϧǺ͹ⶴ֮䣬쫷谭ǣ׵ľ붼ңɼˡ
Ӧ˲Ϣˣݹٶȣȴţ
źɽǰɣվڻĹⶴ֮ǰаЦҿһҵĿû϶ܿҪˡ
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ʥ꣬ȻûǸưüߵڼյǰվһ΢ЦؿԸһǱħǳˣǹȻû㣡


419 Խ˵
ʥûĴ󣬾ڼյֳһȻûʧȻģ
Ļϵë׶ɼ̬˲һκεķֱ
ûͼյĻվţɽҪԴϷͷ䵽յǰԴ˼
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ʵʵ˵İ½ϣҲħĴڣغϲħǿħĿֲȻûħжôӴ󣬵Ǵħ¶һ֪ħҲϹźޡ
ħӡˣҲԲԶԸģʱʥȥԸħĻǱȥ
ģǿ϶ںֵġͰЦЦ㽫ħȫʹѾˣǸʱ㲻ǷʲôˣǸѪǳ˼вǳƽˡ
ƽô
ôһ˵շһַǳֵĸоô˵ԺԼΪԯûʹˣǲ˵ԺԼʥ޵飿
㲻ħЩħɱˣǵһΣףİЩˣؽǡЦ˵ΪѾǵԤڡ
üͷ˵ôһһͻȻڣһιʵҪǰæҪǵİ
֪ûǲҵģ˵˵Ҫΰ㡣ͷȴûһڴӦ
ûйԥԼеĴ㣬һһ˵ѶԸ¾˵ı˵˵ϹžűмҪӴҳյԶԶ
һֱĽǺЦ;ԣһȺͳ硣
ֱԼеĴȫ꣬ŵ˵ͷԭû뵽㾹ȻϹžűļţҲ˵һЩǳ£ܹɹĴȷʵ֡
ǷԮ֣ʡ
ԡͷһ£ͻȻҪϹžű󣬵ȷҪӴ֧ţĸδָһϹžű󣬽ķһڵ
һ£ҪӦһ
ʲô
гһգǽħ
һ쾳ﵽǸزһǣû㹻ʵ֮ǰϣǲҪǿңҲ롭ȥ
Ȼ
Ҫΰأ
㵽ɽڱԨмϹžűǴ½֮أĸԽǱԨڣõǵɽΧɽãЩɽҲкܶʺĲʣʱǻǿǱߵع򣬽һ½ԪһǶ롭
ʥһôһ飬ȥԨǶϹžű˵ֻҪȥԨ󣬱Եõǵİ
ɽڴĽӴĻɽڣд½֮أԪȴΪϡҲΪˣɽУûʲôʿ
Ԩصĵطӳ¼ҡμҵһЩ֪һ䲻׵ԨͻȽ֣һģԨһڱǣһˡ
Ԩеı֮ܣÿɱҪǿʮı֮ͻ֮ҪһҪٱûʿ㡣
ˣǱԨıͻ֮ʱʱػͻ֮֯һ󣬻˲γһɻصĽɱκ棬ؽǹʵĻɢ
¼ҡμҵϣһǸطΣգֹκμһڵʿǰȥ̽׼κ˽ǱԨ֮С
ãһʮ֮ɽҵǱԨʱһṧǵע롣յ˵ͷ
ȥɣõҪģϣҲܹǵǵигһհǽħ𡣡Ц˵
һǵýյĳŵմһ䣬㲻ͣܿػص壬Ž½ԪҲδһ飬ôأԯϷȥ
뿪֮ʥûԣȻŴĿǿ⣬ǿ֮Уͬϵߣ׷׳֡߶ǹϡ֮䣬׷Բԣлһ繵ֵ
һЩУƺһľ
ľӣгһܹԸħȼյȸ˫Ŀһܴڣһػɡ
磬̫ðʧˡһɱϢİ׻ȻͬϷǳȴ˫ڣɱڣǱԨΪϹžű󣬽ķÿһѵʱҪƳˣΪһʵֵĳŵǶ˷ֵ꣬𣿡
Ƚأûгѯʣֻǳüһˮϵر仯ֲ̬ͬ
ȸ׻䣬ӶЩľΪһ翵ĳŵķĸȻֵá
Ҳֵ֪òֵáһ£ˣ̾ϢѾôʱ䣬֪Ƕӵص֮г֪ҪһʿǼܹΣ
ǿ߳д½ȥ޾ȥ˵ǵˡȸͻȻʧʹޣصˣһֱٺҲǵļ簡ôˣڲ֪ʣ¶٣˵кֵܶܽǣһĳڵȺǵľԮ
׻ҲЩʧ̬ˣʵǰ磬ЩӣǸʱкܶຢӱͳ˼԰ǡ˵ѱ˵˱ĸߵǿǸ߹ʥ壬Ǳ뽫ǵΰȥʥڴ֮ǰΪǿ֮һҪյȥ
ȻûнȴҲսȭͷȻҲЩȲˡ
ûнһֱĬú󣬲ŵ֪֪ǵ˼Ҳ뿪ʱ԰ǲǶǻҪʱſԴӵص֮гڲʱ䣬̫ؽңǻδָ֮ǰд½ӭǿС
ǱҪǸȲ꣡
˻һȸ׻˲Ų̾Ϣһһ޿κΡ
İɣһǰ˵رǸ࣬˵ǲҪȺءֵ
ȸ׻ˣôһ˵һ㶣ЩԵؿ
ֻҪ㹻ע룬ǺαҪۼأ΢΢һЦѵˣ˵Ҳнݾֱӳص׵𣿡
磬˵ȸ׻һ˷
˵ͷܹǣֻҪһֱôĽȥ϶԰ǴԸ
˻һȸ׻ˣһͷǽ顣

´ҡ
̶̼յʱ䣬д½ϼңڱȵؽսݵʱԯͻȻˡ
ԯȴѶϢҪǿռ¼طʣʣֻΪǿĴʹɲУһЩʣңԶı߶߾
ȻԯȴǿƵҪЩӵʵɺͼ壬ǳеЩʷ׳
Ըߣֱᣡ
ôȻкִ֮ܶԯȵҪЮ֮£ȷʵһǿҷ
ϧ¼ѾҲûʲôԵֵԯȵĲˣ壡ĴߣɻˣеϿˡ̱ԯȸֵĴ֮£Ĵڴ·ϳû֮󣬺ܶ಻ӵɺסˡ
ЩҪļһǿ֮£ֱӱ
ԯȲûˣֻǴһеʣ̶̼յʱ䣬ԯȵĸڱġطûĴռһЩֻҲټ֮
Ҳһ̣˲ʶԯĴ˵ֿʼˡ
ԯÿһԯ޵Ź۷֮󣬱Ű£ۼ²ƸԯȣԯȳΪΪԣıء
·һ
ǧӼȥĸ֮ַ׷״¸»ص˼ҡ
ԯȣһӳ¼ĲƸģֻҪǴ½еϣԯȼӦоС
һԯԵĳ̶ȣѾԽǰκһˣ
ڲ֪䣬ԯҲ¼ǿд½ҲûκԺԯȿ⣡
ԯĴ˵һдµһ


420 
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ŵĺںɫʯ鲼಻ɽϣɽ£һħֲ޿ڵԨ䲻ף֪ͨδ
ǵĺ⣬Ԩ֮ðݳΪɫƣԨϷһ磬˶
Ԩɽɽ֮УΪصһط
̾˵һͨˣгɵǿʿҲ˵أд½ΪյһطţûһϢ
ûŨԪ㲻滨ݳ֣ҲԪʯôһʿûκκôĵطǲ˹ġ
Ȼ죬ɽɽ֮УȴһϥţڱԨϷ֮ϡ
⣬ЩлĻëףƺҪɼּĺ֮£ȴɫһذ꣬ƺξ֮С
һ˿˿ͷų·ıԨڣϵӰ֮£ıԨڣһХ
֮е˻˫ϥǶ̧ͷɽɽЦˡ
һϢӴĳǿߣһһɽɽ

ѻɽȱ֮׷״зݳɢɽȵĸ䡣
ټһɽȣѾ˸гаʵĸɰͰвϵر仯ɫʯͷҲдϳ
Ŀĸϣ鲼ɽȵÿһ䣬ڣֲͬһڵϢǳĻҡ
صĸֲУĻɫľ޴ʯͷЩʯͷȫڣСָֻͷռؼĶδֳ̣̬еޣеĳص顣
ôˣһȡʯһѯʡ
ڵԪŻָųˣѾȫָаʱ䣬ұԴﵽ۷֮ЦЦƳһ죬ʣ壬Ǳߵˣ
ͷ˳ӺİӺҶȫҵõ˺İŽǸռȥ
ˡ˵ͷճŻҰɽķһۣ޵ĵ֪⹫ˣһ˶ˣȴûй϶鷳
ձģǰϿ˺ҵһãڹɵĴѾȥ˻ҰɽӦò̫鷳ȻһЦ⼸ദԼյĳƺҲˣǰࡣ
ţеϿ˺ǸڣӦþͲˡһ
Ұɽһ飬Ҳд½ΪصһطǶ̾ħҲǸطġ
һιħԯȱ֮󣬺ܳһʱ䶼ûмûҲкܾûħֵϢ²ħпػػҰɽˡ
ϾǻҰɽǹħأ֮أڹħ˵Ӧøá
д½һռڻҰɽ⹫ҪȥҰɽٵռ˵ǹħ⹫绹ڣǲ⹫£Ǻħס
ʱȣҪ̵ʱڣ½Ƹı䣬ֻд½û˺֮ǣſȥ顣
˵˵Ͽ˺ҵһȥ˻ҰɽϿ˵ҵһҲǾŹ۷֮˰æҰɽӦÿԽ
½һ£Цˣǲȫµˣ˵ǱŰ޵еԯҪԵ
ˡɭһˣһεص˵ͷʾ˵ȫԡ
һʱ䣬ԯȴǿռһУ֮ߣһЩɵص׵ıֱӾˣԯѾ˴½ǿˣҪǵʵ̫ǿ»ڨڨЦ˿ԵңԾη
⼸죬ҺãûٰæԷɻĳ֣ԯȽ̫鷳ֻ֮ҪԼݱܶɺܶϾʵҷ
ɻ̫˴ǿ֮һɻĻԹֻҪ˵ɻˣϱ㰲ˡ
Ƕڷɻľ£ԯ֮ϣ
̫˴ǿǿѾٹˣɲԯܹġ
գҵġгһ㲻ԯˣңصޣȺ֮Ī¿ɫŹ֣ϰû뵽ҿԴﵽôһ߶ȣգҲϣҺǰһһθˡ
ЦЦտοĪţĺˣʷˣڲŹ۷֮Ѿʥǵи㲻õһͻȻʧٲ
һ£տ˿Եˡɽ¼Щһֿۣ˿硢̸һˣԯȵǿѾԶԶЩ˵ڵԯȣȫҲ£Ͳˣ£ԯ˵㣡
˿ȴǿʵ֧֮µġ
˵ĵϿˡ̱漵İй壡ĴڣټʵԽԽǿˣٹһʱ䣬ɽ̼Щ֣Ҳд½
һʵֻҪ˵д½ˣ̫ԯȶҪ߸ϣΪ̫µһǿпȡ¾˵ĵλ
еһ޴Ұġ
Ϊܹ̫ǱɻǣΪܹ츣̫ĺΪЩ֮ǲٳֻԵĴҪôҪԯڱ֮ϣ
ֻԯȳΪ̫ǿһſԺͰı̫̫ҪĻ»ԾĳΪ²ġ
д½ϣҲû︺ΪһУΪ̫Ϊ


ХҵĴ·ͻȻɽȣϳĳ˿ҵĴ硣
ʱһЩˣͻȻԪ˱仯Ӧ÷ǳƶɽȣڲ֪䣬ʼӿԽԽԪ
գ⡭ǣ˺Īһˣһɻ󣬲ԡ
ҡ̱漣ҲȻŨԪ˷ۼҲգھۼԪ˵ｫᷢ޴ı仯ѵָ
ˡЦЦģһжҵ֮Уڵı仯ֻǿʼ׼ʱҲ׼š
˵˻Ϲžűѵģ̱һ㶣ֵ˵д½ǿʿ𣿡
ʿȴǵǿܶࡣ΢Ц
գĻôϹžűԷӼɳҺȻʲôһ
ɡ
ģ֮ǰ˵ֻܷһɵ𣿡ڿھһĻǲлᣬһԽ¾˵ĸȫƮ쵺
Ժܴ󰡣һЦ˫âĿ


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Һ̱ˣƺֱһ̲׼Ұģ֮ǰ˾üն¾ˡֻб˵˼ôһ˵ʶյҰĲڴˡ
ҲʱҲſʼ濼ͼ¾˺϶бĿġ
ҺȻãļղܹСˣٽһ嶯ƺСʶصһͬȼĶԴ
Ϲžűһɵ㹻¾˺ˣɵԽɱ
һ¾˺µĸһƮ쵺ϣô̫ƽ䣡
¾ʧȥЩ֮ؽԼ̫λʱħ֮˲
ǺЦЦԽԽˣƺ뵽˼Ϊˡ
ˡĪµˣһ߽½Ƹһ߽ʷڹڡ
һȫ꣬ʾ£ˡĪµȵŰ֮ĸ֣һ׷״ɽɢһɽϣһɽȵĸ䣬䵱ߵĽɫ
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̫ʱ򣬼պ̸һֱһ𣬼պɺһЩεľ̫֮Ȼؽòıˣ̸ȴûиı䡣
ɺϵ̸֣һ۷˾Բóд½̸֣Ե÷ǳľ棬ؿ૵ܣ⡭ôܣ
̸־ڼյԣɺ̸ֵʱ򣬿϶ҲԱߵļա
鱣ֲ䣬ȴ˾ξˣᷢʲôɣУԲִܹ£ҪȻѾں½潫ǳΣӣ
зһͷȴ޶ԣ̸ִ˸ɫʾ̸ΪΡ
ɺ̸ֵԣؿ̸֣ĵ죬㣬ϵң̫֮ϵʱһˣȹҵģ
̸üͷƳɺһۣװ˼һŻȻŶ㰡ҼǵãҼǵǸȹģ
㣿ɺһ̸ֵ滰ȻæʵôУǸѣǲҲˣ
̸ҡҡͷйģҵǸѣѾں½ûлˡ
˻һɺסˣϱǳ֣һ·жİЩˣ·ʲôԶʧȥһ
ôҲáɺ૵ɫЩ̫Ծڻʲô
һԣĺ̸Ųһξ룬ɺ֮ͨľ뵽ʲôɺҲڰ֮УϸϿʲô鷳ʹˡ
գɺһͻȻ֡
ʲôһսе
ɺɵؿ˿ֵʣСָʲô
ȿȣûûʲôεЦţһסȻʲô𣿡
һҪҶңҶұʿų⣬ϹһƬңҶҪҶҵһУҪİֻҪҶңҶԺ󽫻ԯΪ𣡡ɺɫ
ԯΪ
Ҳ˵ҶԺ󽫻ҡ¼һԯȵĵȣܵԯȵԼһЩϣԯȵ
ζҶҽΪԯȵĸӹΪԯΧһ⵹ǺЩջϾҶǸ֮ףشˣӻء
ټǾޱԯڣҶ֮ôңҲŲжΣôɫʵԼ˼Ҷ˵˼
ҵ˼ҲҶҵ˼ֻҪԯȰҶҶǵһУҶңԶԯһУ򡭡ԯȵĲǲɺһĵͷ
áȻһЦɽϵ˵˵ͷͷҶҽһ鷳
֪ô˺⣬ЦŶɺ˵㲻ĻھͿԴҶҵ顣
ɺȲˣԲԥֵֻ˼һۣԣҶҵ
գԺҪСһ㣬ʱŮ˵ֱǷǳµġ̸ԣһ䣬Ѿǰѡ
͵͵˵ͷձʾס

ֹգ壡ϿˡзɻһŹʿһԶֳӰ
ɻһ󸾣ƺ˵ˣɫЩ԰ףҵԺ󣬵˵ɫǾ֮⡣
Ͽϵۼ׹âտԸӦǹ㼯ۼ֮ϣػָۼϵǳ֮ϿȻ˾޴Ӧòж⡣
壺͵ϿһڵԪ˲٣ϥһԲؿʼԪָһ̶
Ͽߵߣøһ㣬Ҫǣûа취ɱֻܹɺȥãˡ
Ͽ˼򵥽ľһ飬˵ǷɻľŹ۷֮Ĺ󸾣ڹɵĴ½Ұɽ֮Ϸ˹壺͹ħ֮Ľս
Ǹʱ򣬹ϵѾ˲ˣͷɻһ󸾸ּ룬壻пΣա
ǵ֮󣬹壱㲻Σգ˺һûܹħɱֻǽħ˰ˣ֮˺ҵռٵȷ֮󣬱
Ǽһ̬һη˸ı䣬ãñǰһ㣬ҪСİϿйâ˸ԵúأֱڣҶûҵ㣬֪ܹĳ·ǲ
˵ͷʾԼ˼ղ׼˵ԼԸǹħͻȻɫһ䣬ߵԭ͵͵ˣħǲ
ڹǧ״޵ĿУͻȻһӰӣǹħֳһ̬
ħǹ˼ɼգҿߣԶԶǶñ˵ҸֻҪ㵽ʲôգҸ㣬ҺܹܿɱˣŰɣӲ̫ˡ
Ŷ𣿡һ׼ͻȻһ⣬ħҸһȥɣһɱɱĺûᣡ
գȹħش𣬵ڶͺǺͼһϣһ˲ڹħڵϡ
ǿϴӺǺͼ֮ųȹħӦһ޴Ĺⶴƾ֣ͬʱ˷ȵĹħ·ˣֻܹ˲佫ǧ˿ơ
ħӰ£׼ݣͻȻӺǺͼĹⶴ֮ڣ͵شǿ˱һӽħУڶδд½ʧˡ


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ڶԴħϣһֱͷۣЩ͹ħ֮ССսҲ˺üΣȴûһܹħ
ȷڹħųãΪħ̫Сһ㣬ȴʼղܹȫڣҲܹȥ
˶Թħ޼ƿʩĸод½ıɵĸ֣ڶԴħʱȻ͸ӵΪˡ
һֱħһ½ʿɵĲ˶ŲвҲкܶȥˣϧȫ˲صĴۣȴղκεĳЧ
Ȼܹħɱôͷ۰ɣ
Һͷɻĸ֣ǵһμħǲħֱһɻĹ󸾣ΡΡؽ͹ħֵĵ˵ҲʶħĿֲ
̱漡̸ں½ٶ֪һħĿ£˷ּսħֱӳһⶴ󣬶ɫȻ
ϵܣŪʲôطȥˣ̸
¾ĴӪ˴½鷳¾Ըɣ̫ˡƽ
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һ£ϿֵҪǣֻҪһݳȥͨʳ˵׳ָȷǳԶԸ
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ˣľоԼǧҪＧգĵһ̫һ㣬ħŪ˴½˴½Ҫùˡ
뿴Ʈ쵺ϣϹžű¾ĸһɱ¾ִΪǷȱ֮£ħ¾ڵ˴½Űô¾ǲǽԶԻָ
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̫ˣĻ̫һǿǱһ˸ݻ٣
ɫ粻¶ģԺԲܹͼΪУúԯȳΪʵѣֻǷɻķչ
ٵһ죬ǿʼϹžű󣡡·ɵԨϷԨŨɫµ
˵ͷ粻Ź֮ĸ֣İ£һ׷״ɽ뿪
ټһɽȣһ򣬱ֻʣ¹壡졢ˡ̱漡Ͽ˵ˣ۷̸֣֮ʱ뿪ɽȡ
˰ռյҪɽȵĸʱؼԪı仯壺͵ϿˣǸӻҰɽķɻĹ󸾣һʼĬĬػָ
ԪӦ÷ǳƶɽȣ֪Ӻʱ𣬿ʼò̫һˡ
˷Ԫ׷׾ۼں̵ܶʱڣɽȱ㱻˵ԪƲʣ˰ʱ䣬ЩԪŨˮӵˡ
ǹ壣ΪʲôɽȻ˾޴ı仯ЩӱĴ½ĸ֣ȻӲܹˣжǷǳɻ
Щһ㻹׵ģɽȵı仯϶ͼйأ
ҪȻԪŨԯȣƫƫǧʺĵطϹžű
УƺԽԽһ㣬ص޷ˡ
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ħ裬һħ̾Ŀֲűǰһΰĺӣǰоħţаħ½һħ֡
һ޴ħǹűΧţһŵХƺǰһˡ
ȥΰĴ󺺣ħڣ˫㣬ͻȻһȡ
ħȻ˳ȥһǰĹűЩűǰħ֮кֱײħݿһ㣬ڶ̶ʱڣħȫɱ
ͺˣĵЦţ죬ֻҪܹҽħ֮ɵұ֤Էд½
Ҳͺˣֻ˵ڣͣ˵ħ֮ƺ
Ϊڣ͵ͺˣͻȻһ㶣ĵļ𵤹ȻһﲻرЧֻһҪд½ҪȻĲܹ
ô˵ħ֮ģڣͺٺЦţҲЩ֣ѵһĺħ֮һд½ģ
֪ãȻҡͷǵˣܶȫǵˣԺ֮кһЩ䣬ҵ꣬ƺõһЩʲô죬ǣһ˭ΪʲôҺǺϤ
ڣɫ΢䣬Ͳǣħ֮Ϊ֣˵˵д½ˣĪɣǱɱİɣ
ҡҡͷǣûɱǣֻǡֻǺõ˵һЩһ޴棬ҺõǲһЩ֣һǵüˡ
ڣĿ˸˸ؿ粻ĵͲд½Ȼ˵õǵһЩô㲻ɱǣ϶ҲǲߣһҪСĶԴ
ڣļ֣һҲͷкϼʲô
ܿأھħĿը֮£ǹű֮ǰ̾ħһһɱһЩħ֪ǾħĶ֣ȫХ˹ű֮ʧûһħҼˡ
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׼룬ͻȻüͷһ壬ҡͷˣűеˣѾˡ
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أ棬ңһҪȥ𣡼а
Ҳд½ˣ˵˵ʲôգǸСӣǳǰ˰ôСӾȻ˵ħ֮д½Ҳʮʿˡڣ;̾
գ׻һ֮ͣҡͷ϶գġ
˵ʲôڣʡ
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ħ֮ǲ뿪ķģֻ֮ɱħ֮ҲŻ뿪ڣɫһΪ
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˵ͷˣֻɱˣˡ
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ħ֮ļ죬ǻָ־Ǹٹ̵ħԣȻļ죬ѾҲǰļˣ

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찵أŰаƮ쵺ըŵϵԪƮ쵺ΧˮģѾ˵ڡ
һɽ壬ϣĹ˶ţ˿˿ƵԪӵ׳עһɽϣɽķ嶥һâ磬âƮ쵺Ľͽ֮ϡ
ټһƮ쵺ըڶϣڸ֮ǵĸ֣һüչɽϵĽͽƣһļ١
ܹٳŶ죿ɽĴͷüʡ
̼ҵ̫̫ϵƺһЩۣʱ䣬Ʈ쵺ϵĽͽƣͻᱻȫݻ٣ãŪҪȻЩѾˡ
֪Ϊʲô̫̫жԯѾûһ˿֮ˣֻҪ뵽̼һλûоΪؼʱŮû뿪ˣ̫̫ǻһ˿ϣϣгһ̱ܹغ½̼ҵ
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ΪԯΪ̼һϣ̫̫ĹͷԹԹԯȡ
ĻҪȻЩʱ䶼ûСͷ̾Ϣһ૵⼸˺ܶ࣬ҷǰ̫ظһЩǶ̰ɱǣ¾˵˹֮ǰǾȻζȡǸǵأ
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лᣬһСӵĻϧһдۣȽвǵ˳ֻû˺֮ǣܹǱġ
ѽдĻᣬԸԯȽˣԸⰴԯȵ˼ΪĲΪ̫һԼ
һֻǿ;е羰лᣬһͣһͣȥ˼ྭһЩ̬

֪Ʈ쵺ķҪʧȥЧʱЩǰֻ̰Ժֻļһһ·ˣеź޵ڿԼҪʲôˡ
ᣬҪԼȡģ̼̫̫һ¾˵ĸ֣ըôʱ䣬ǵ϶Ҳ˲٣ȴȫʢʱڣҪǽˣûлᣡ
ϣеġͷ˵ͷ׼˵ܵĻɫֿˣ૵ǱȽãѡ
һʮˣԶ֣ھŹ֮Щ˹̬֮¾˺
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ֻϣ漣ˡ̫̫Ҳˣ̲סЦѵҪ̼ң

д½ɽɽڡ
ӴԪǵأƲסɽȣԨ֮ڣȺͼ໥춯ص졣
ڱԨļգ˫գɫ£䡢׻ȸʥ޵Ļһɽ壬󣬽ʩϡ
壡һˣɽڵĸ䣬ѻɽϧϣһһͶԨ
ԽԽϽǱԨǱԨԽԽȶֵ̻һѤˣâĿ


423 žŰʮһ
Ϲžűڴǰ˵УϹžűоֱ仯ÿһֱ仯ŲͬĿĶһ
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ԨڣϡȱĲϣ׷ͶڣÿһͶУҪ𿾡׾ŴΡ
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ʥ޵ľ޴ֳʥ޳ĽǽΧ룬ͷųĹࡢ졢סɫâһֹâ壬һֹâֱ·ıԨڡ
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ǳҪƩΪĻʯڴѩ֮ѸٵؽУʱһ̲УһͬС
ڹһˣھŹ֮Ժͨô̵ľڣյһͷݳȥǵΪԼʱؽá
ҲΪЩŹ֮ĸְſԸǵֻҪרע棬ʥϵǱԨϣΪЩͶȥ֮Ρ
һ棬һʱʱشǱԨ֮зݳǱԨϷΪɢ
ϥǱԨϣһ£ɮ붨ֻٿرԨ·
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žŰʮһ֮ǣԾžŰʮһ֮Ϊ壬žŰʮһ֮ǣԴճ
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424 ֻˣ
У֮ʺǳÿһ֮ϣŸָԪҲпħ
ÿһ֮ϣ̺ӴһЩģһЩǺеʣƩľʯЩڹؼʱ򣬶ǿԻΪʹõġ
֮ǣǡǲһ֮Ϊʺ棬ڣ㲻Ǹߵǻ壬Ҳޡħһ֮ǣܹΪ֮ǡ
֮У̺Ӵһ̺֮֮ҪһʮʿϵܺͻҪӴķƿ֮ǵеԷӳ춯ص
Ϲžű̬þžŰʮһ֮Ϊ壬ԾžŰʮһ֮ǵΪյʩչ
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Ϊ˼ϹžűҺķ˲ٵľڴȻˣȴҪָֻҪҵָˣұһػغ½տ˿̱漣οģ̼Ҳôġ
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ڼռŽ뺣½һ㣬ܹϹžűųôǱؽں½꣬û㹻أô˻ȥֻ·һ
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޵Ź֮ϽľΪãȻ״̬ؼΪһ壬ܿأЩԪһ֣ٵ֮ڣѸٵػָǿݽߵԪ
žĸԽԽ̫¼Ϊ棬ֻҪȶľԼȻ״̬ܹϺغһκεȻۣӦκδ
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ԼԼ䣬̫¼ƺҲʲôܣֻھ΢ʱӦˡ
žĸ𽥵ķ̫¼ԽԽƩԪĻָľŹʿôԪųԪԣҲҪһصʱſԻָ
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ˣԵ÷ǳĴ󷽣ûһ仰
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ͷ૵СӣǴǺܶྪϲˣôᣬѾ޵˾Ź֮ڵѨ֮У̲ôǳ֮ٶȥҪ˶ãСӾܹͻƵʮ֮ˡ
Ӿǵûаװ˷˰ɣʥȻЦš
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Ź۷֮һģϰǣǰӵص׳ԡԽǿգȥ顣Ĭһ૵
˻һʥɫֳı׷¶һı顣

½Ʈ쵺
䣡䣡
ھ춯صıУƮ쵺ϵĽͽƣڱ״ݻ٣һɽ忪ʼƮ쵺ϱըƮ쵺ϵԪ㿪ʼɢ˷ӿȥˡ
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ԶᣡɽĴͷŭһͻȻͣѣһ˲䣬ɽĴͷһҵǿ׳ӣг˱ը
ͬʱǱ˵У˸ĿĽ⣬һβƵļ̸С
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ҿҵĽʯ꣡ɽĴͷһԴ֮Ȼ߲ϼ⣬֮źҫγһ޴ĹȦ˵嶼סˡ
ǽһգ꿪ʼð̣·һһ㡣
в˽ʯϡȤҲǲơ˵һ䣬ĻһطݿͻȻ䣬ĻһΪÿһĻ궼˲󣬻Ϊֲħ
ħҪôͷ޽ǣҪôһۼףҪôųβͣħǣǽɽĹͷΧסȻһ֣͵سŴͷźĹȦץȥ
ǣǣ
ħͻ˺֮£Ǵͷź߲ʹȦһӻ㣬ħһſ³ħ߲ʹȦ֮ϣƺַʴ߲ʹȦ
ַȷЧôһ򣬴ͷź߲ʹȦ㱻ʴˣֻܿʣ㡣
ͷϵľˣŭţᣬڣɱħŤһ𣬽һħסӲ˺Ǹħͷϵļǡ
ʲôأħһĵ
ֻһ˲䣬Ǹͷ˺ѵħͷϵļǣ˳ǸħҲȻ
ʥգͷϵغ̫һ㣬Ȼǿ֮֮֮֮У̫֮ĵ֮Χӡ
ħڴͷ֮£ʼðַ̣ĶЧ
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Щӱ֮Ƕа֮Ի¾˺£Ϊܹõ㹻ǳ֮ԼѨôһ˵Щӱ֮ǶľŹʿڿʼˡ
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ϧ˵ȻҪԶԶߣ¾˺Щĸ֣ܶ඼ھŹ۷֮ʣµļˣҲ޵˾Ź켫Ϊľ硣
ЩˣЩ¾ˣǿռ̫ǣΪǵĴڣ̫ĻǲһǣڣһɺԴɱ¾֮еõһЩԭɺֵǳ֮
Ϊǿнڵǳ֮ȱ˶࣬ڵѨĸ࣬ԣǵʵȷҪһЩ
ڼЩ˳ı֮ǵĸ֣¾ûг֣㷢Ѿƿ֮ˡ
ľŹʿϵĵ˸סˣ½Ŀռ¾˺ȥˣǼˣһᱻԷҵֻĸҡ
£ϵˣһûӣˮһս

սʱ򣬳ҵǿ⣬Ȼڻս֮䱬һСĹⶴ͵ֳ
һΰ꣬ǴŴݲȵЦݣֻ̤ˡ


425 ˣ
ϣ¾˵ǿߣ̼Һͽɽ˽棬սŸոĻûгִȻ䣬ƾնЩǰͻȻˡ
ɻĸ֣壡졢ϿˡԴ֮һһǹⶴ֮зݳ
ֻҪǾŹ֮ĸ֣ɽһս
һ˵ĵϽսˣһЩ֣ͻȻʱͣˡ
㣬ôֻأ̼̫̫һŭ̱漣޺Ȼصʲô̼Ψһϣ
Ϊ̱漵ӳ̫̫̤ʵʱͻȻֻ̱ˣ̫̫еϣ磬·һϨˣˡ
Ǽһȥɲܹıƣһǻһꡣ
̣һ㡣̱漵
Ɀӣžͺˣʲô̫̫ŭˣȥϽȥﲻӦģ
߰ɣˣ
ֻҪܴ뿪Ժȫԯȵģ
Ǵˣǲò㣬ֻҪǣԺԯ˵ʲôǶ󣡡

ǰԼһ˱ĵЩһʱ̬ȷ˸Եı仯һȥеϣ֮±ȼ׷
ԭˣڼյϣػϣϣܹǴǹⶴ֮һ뿪ȥϣ
ȻǣַͨЦЦɫȻɱЩ¾˵ĸ֣ǲǸӸǣ򣬼һˣܹ߶ٴΣ
ɱǣ㿪ʲôЦһɫȻһ䣬֪Լ˵ʲô̫ʲôԶԸǣ
ܶ˶Ƿ׷׵ͷߴټտЩ뿪ϣܹԶԶ뿪½뿪Ƿ֮ء
ϧӹⶴ֮һ֮߳ǹⶴͻˣûһ˿϶û˿һδԽȥ
Щ˵󣬼Ӷעе¾˺ϣ΢΢һЦλǴֺ½Ϊ£
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ҲŹעżգǶ·ǳȤ̫һĴȻǣڲÿռ֮£Ҳ֮ǡ
˵һͻأĳּΪĹ죬ΪĲϳǿóһøոճֵĹⶴ߳ģǹⶴȴȻǿռһ֣Ӧһַ
ȻҵķɫĮûж¾˺ֳһ˿ľ⣬ݲȵس̼̫̫ЦЦֿ˿ƣĽɽĴͷһۣյȻҲȴԳϴˣһ˻ϣܹͬ飬һӦЩߡ
ˣ̼̫̫ǽɽĹͷ֪ѪսԱ⣬СҴд½أǻܹ˵ʲô
̫̫˵ͷ̾Ϣһһ̼ҿԽұգ̼ұػ´㣡
ͷһ£ҲֻҪһοԴȥǽɽЩظϧһдɱЩаħ
һϴˣǿһЩʵ
ЦЦյϣ
ˣ¾ͻȻһŵϿˣһɫ֪ǰصķԽǱɻǣҷǳǺҲˣǵԶԶǣֻҪǺұ֤̫ڵıϣ
ӳüĿУ¾˺˵֪һЩϿ˵飬¾ԭͨһЩϢ˵֪Ÿıǵһ˵½а˳֣ǱȲˡ
¾˵̫ǳǿ¾һİϿˣϿ˳µĿԵȷܴ
ϧϿ֪¾̫ĵطЩ̫̫񹲷ߵ飬һֻΪԼǵаǵϿҪġ
ϿҡͷָָգѾиõѡˡ
¾˫ǲмôһСֵǰͶҲ֪֣̫ǸʵκεıһݻκκǺˣСӣܿͻ᲻ˣ
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Ӧɱڣʵ׼գñʼղͨռķ
׷žŹ۷֮ʵɱʵʣǰɭɭ޵֮ɱ˿һ㣬ȫЩ޵Ĺ֮ϣž䱩Ϣ
ϵĹߣֻſ޾Թ֮Щߣ·֮ǰԹ޴ģԹ޵ֱָյ·иҪüʧء
һЦ鱣ֿã˿ЩԹӰ죬С
һףͻȻݳζĿҷջ֮һֳϾͽЩĹ߸ȼˣԹ޵ζвӵӰˣ׷׻Ϊ̬
ζʹãľں̵ܶʱڣ㱻ĵеջΪһ̣ɢ֮䡣
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κֻҪһ᲻֪ܵãȻ֪ĸоȻᱻã֮С
һʼʱ򣬾նˣ̫¼ȶǷ棬ſƱ̬걣ֿ֮һ壬ϾͶԼʧȥá
˸ղغ˼һضģⲻвŮļһ˵θڣ
ȷ뿴ԭһӢΰˣôһ˲䣬һεεŮӣַúܶ˻Ƥ񣬻̲סҪԶԶ뿪
һ䣬񣬻
̲סһ׼ͶԷ£װ֣̫þ֮еľſݳ
ſһٿس˷ߣһ˲ʧ壬ݵǧ֮󣬾ſ࿪ʼѣÿһ˾ſŸСһֳ࣬ŸԶȥ
žŰʮһ࣬ں̵ܶʱ䣬ʧˣɢƮ쵺ĸ֮ϡ
ǾžŰʮһ࣬ͿҪȫҵ֮󣬼һʯͷ䶨һߺǲвŮļһｩ֣һѸ;žŰʮһӡ
ǲвŮ۾䣬ȴǽεεŮȻŮ֮ٶȴ籼ףһ䣬ֱӳڼյıһƳɵϸӣͻȻڼյĲϡ
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ǽεεӣȻжȴ˱а񣬽ץסϸӵ˫Ǳɱ⣬ҲһĽǶȣ𽥵ؼӴƺҪżյͷϸӸնϡ
ϾžŹ֮ȫʩչ֮󣬵ȷڼ֮ϡ
һʼʩչȫĺӦȻڱնϣǺͷۻǱⲻˡ
ȻҪһĥգȴʧߣ
ѪȷӳãʥڵľѪ֮һµֱڱӦûл֮ļգͻȻǣϸϵسγ˽֡
ߣǲвŮļһһ֮ǰûоȫۼյͻȻˣȻȣȴûлңʼЦżӴԼ
ʮ壬ˣܿˡ
ĬĬؼţҲʼԼֶԷʼȫʱֿʼԪڶע֮УǼһѾܹвˡ
ԯ֮ǿ֮ԳԪӴעʮħԪ飬̶ԶԶһŹ۷֮ĸֿԱģȻյ岻ȫҲ㹻ڴƴϻʤˡ
ȻûϽԼǿչֳˣԼֵЩѣؾţһܿͻᱻ㶨ģ
ʱ꣬죬ٿʣµ塣
¾һ飬ǹ壡졢Ͽһ飬ؿżպǲвŮսȻûһ˳档
˫ԼžԵģԼ˿϶ȡյʤڲ֪䣬һսΪ˫ʿˡ
¾ҪǼһڵϿ˵ǰոĥ֤¾̫ǿԴϿˡ
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ʮţʮʮһˡ
ĬļգڽϹžűɣҲʱһͬаЦݣͻȻֱӽϸӳſ˲תϸӲǲвŮļһﲱϡ
Ҳˣټ


426 ֣
ѪԪټϱԪǿ㼯һ𣬽ǱյǿѾԶԶǸавŮļһˡ
Ƴɵϸӣһգۼ䣬䵽ǰ׷һﲱϣڼյһ仰֮ͻȻʹһ˲佫ȫ˳
ǣ
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һôԸգȴһֱûе֣ʱ򣬱ոն˲Ǳ֮
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˵ͷһɳȥպؼ֣ԪóУһֳûü򣬱㱻ԪڴĹâסֱӽԪ鵱С
κ˵꣬һԪڣֻ·һˡ
ԪҲζţǳˣӡǽԶ֮ʧԺûлˡ
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˵ǹһӣҲ˸ƺԼճ˺ġ
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ʱǾžŰʮһ඼͸λˣֻҪԸ⣬ϿԽϹžűʩչˣηˡ
ʱ򣬼հԹһʹ˸ɫʾעˡ
̱Ѿ̵ԣк̫̫ͨ˼䣬ڲ֪䣬̼ҵЩ֣Ѿĵ˼յ󣬺¾Щ˱һξ롣
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ŶˣǸˡһοڣЦΪҵָʾ֮£Żᱻɱġ
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˲ס̽ڼûб˵֮ǰǳٳٲҶ֣֮Уճû̼ҺͽɽЩˣһĴӶԷӪ֮뿪
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ǸںǺͼڲʮʿһ꣬ǰ϶ǸյϿ˵ԪһҲ֮˺ܶǿĸ֣űΧߡ
Ǻͼڵһһ϶ֻոͲ֪˭ֲҪвԷԲö롣
һϹžűڿʼˡ
һɽ壬Զεض֮Уھ޴ĺУʳ߷ݹ
žŰʮһ࣬һСȵɽ֮ϣЩɽһɳ˷Ʈ쵺
Ȼ֮䣬رɫ̫һɽסˡ
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Щ̼ҡɽɻڱ֮ǵľŹʿϷ죬ЩӶһɽ֮䡣
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ԣһɽ壬ɽƣʵƮ쵺ͺ½·ѾڴˣųȥӦκζ
ףԼں½ϣ֮Уֻǣ֮һɽ壬Ӧں½ɽһĪ֮£ϵ֮С
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¥ⲻʵڵģ϶ǻһǻ󣡡
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ں½ĺܶൺϣһЩǿʿ׷̧ͷ죬֮Ľǲŵ顣
ϣԵؿ֮УһɽţЩɽãã֮䣬ɽ֮ϣлľܹһС߶š
糾䷲鹹磬˵ɾסϵ֮У˵ɽһ硣
½ʿȻǵЩֻ룬ǵÿÿϾȥֹ̫ʲô쳣ģȻǲŵġ
Ȼڽ죬ϵ֮УȻĳһۣǽͷųȥ̽ʱ򣬷걻һԳƵĽסˣܹ롣

̼ҡɽɻĸ֣һһϵ֮УЩ֮еɽͣ
գǺЦݲȵؿ¾˺Щ̼ҡɽһһϵϹžű֮Ժ󣬼ղͷǵļƻΪֹѾױˡ
գղٶ˵ЦҲ죬֮еһɽ֮ϣһɽ̱漲վһɽĽͯŮһ㡣
𣿡̱ɫ䣬ȴҫ⣬ȻлǷǳ˷ܵġ
ˣûʽ͵Щ˹ˡЦЦ
Ϲžűڣ˿棬ȴԿ棬һɽһȻϣֱӽ߸ˡ
溣½ϵЩˣԿ֮еӰ̱漡һˣȴܹߴľۡ
һϹžű֮УǺϵ޷ͨߺ꣬ӦһС
ΨһܹӰģҲֻ󷨵ˡգ
¾˺˵һ̧ͷϣ˴ؿյˣԿ壡̼ҵ̫̫һɽ϶Կһۣһб仯
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룬ӦɱСӣСƺ˺ܶܣ㵣ģǿ꣬ɱĻĺǿйأҲ̫⡣˵ԥһĵ
¾룬ͷҲã꣬ȵõ䣬ʱͿ֪˾˭ˡֻҪȥӦúѲı仯ֻܹҪ껹ڣʲô飬Ҳ˵
¾˺˵һ£ڻǾԭƻ£ֻڹҪСһ㣬ڶ֮ǰЩˣǧѼոɢˡ
һаź֮˲ŷЩˣһһķ죬ֵһɽ֮䡣
һһϵɽ֮УͻȻԼѾûϵ¾˺˵Բ½һУڼʮ׵ķΧڣоԱ˵Ϣ
죡
¾˺˵ɫһ䣬ҾۼһǧҪɢЩ죡
Щ¾˵ĸ֣ڱ֮ǵľŹʿһҲҶܣȫۼ˵ԣС
ոƮ쵺ʱ˿ؿϵ־ۣԿ壡̼̫̫ӰȻһ֮ȴֹ壺̼̫̫·Ӱˡ
Ѽ궼ӦΧϢһ˷·ͻȻϹӣʲôӦˡ
СģйŹ֣κ˲ߣҪͬ飡𣬶ȫۼһ𣬺Ըһء
Ȼ䣬ǷԵһɽ壬һһʧˣǴ֮Уϲ죬²ŵأãã֮ţȴԶҲͷ

һɽϣա̱漺͹һˣۼһۿŲԶɫã¾һˡ
ô죿̼ҵ̫̫СѯԵĹ壡
ɣԴáɫ䵭
ܹܲı̫ƣͿһˣһͻȻһɽϥ
۳ţһɽ壬ȴͻȻ˹


427 ɱ
½ϣУһɽεض֮УǾףп˶ȵ˵
ЩһɽУһֵӰκ˿һۣˣĵ׷һ־ηĸо
ȻȺɽ֮еˣʵܡ
¾˺˵һ£Ѿ֮˺ܾˣ¾˻˵ЩͶı֮ǵĸ֣Լ
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ϹžűУȴǲ󷨵Ĳǳ̫ķƽϹžű󣬴Ϲžű߳ϧͳͳЧ
һʱ䣬Щڱ֮ǵĸ֣пʼãȻˣȫȻδ֪󷨣Ǵĵ׷һֿ־
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ô˿ʼЩĺˣ˼ԺҪԯΪСӲֲ¶ҪǵԼҪùܻҪۼһꡣ

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ҪԯȣʱڣĴսˣԯȿռȫȥûҵĴ죬˿룬Ҳ¾˴֣ȻҪˣҲ¡
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Ϊ˽¾˳ȥҲȥһɽĴͷԥһ£Ȼһ˵·ȡһ
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֮ϣ϶д½ûеģԯȳ˸֮ǵľۼ֮أ̫Դԯȳ֡
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ƵĶԻ֮ϣ֮ǣǲϵţһʱ䣬ֻҪ̫гɵʿ֪춯صϢ
кܶˣǵһ˵д½˵ԯȣȻϢĹת֮£д½ԯȵ˵Ѿ̫Ϊ
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·ͻȻ䣬д½ʿǿߵĴʡ
¾̫֮ϵȻ˵ڲ֪࣬ܶ˶̫򽫻ᷢ췭ظı仯ĬĬԯȣҪȡ¾̫ĵһλá
һ˵õȮ죬ֻҪд½ĸ֣̫֮ϣ˾ηǡд½ԯȣߺԯйصôϻᱻصİͽġ

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ڸ֮ǵĳ֣ڼյ׿֮£Ӻ½ֱд½ԯͣЪ
Щ˵ԯ֮һǳ֣ڼҡҡڵİ£ʱסԯɽУЩɽԪ㲻Ũԭȵ֮زࡣ
Ȼȴƽϣһ¶м֮顣
ܹģǸ֮ǵĸ֣ھŹ֮ԭ֮ǣЩҲ˾ηĽɫԯȴʵΪ˴¶ǺЦԴû˭Ұڼӡ
һʼʱҡڡһЩڶԴǵʱ򣬶СЩľΪЩУкܶ඼֮ǰ̫֮˵̫ڵĳǿߡ
ΪЩԯ֮󣬻̬ưദԹЩ顣
ʱˣǲŷЩ̫պڹڣڶԴһ˵ʱԵüΪСЩͷ
˱Ǽա
Դӱ֮ǹĳ֣ԼյʱһСڿֺã»ĳĲ졣
ԯȵˣڲԹɫ֮Щ˵̬ȣоޱȣΪʲô̫պĳǿߣΪλô⼧ա
ΪЩ˵ľٶҲԯڵĺܶ˰ˣֻ֪Ҫɽڣκδӱ֮ǰĳ֣ʵʵʲô鷳
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Щڱ֮ǵĸ֣ԯڳ߶ʱ򻹻ԯ֯ʿףЩڱ֮ҲǶϳеĶд½ϸִʶ֮
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кܶԯȵĸ֣ڵõЩ˺ĵڶʱͻƵµľ磬УΪĿĵɽ
۷֮ɽһ;ϣҲΪܹͻƵŹ֮ɽν뾡һа취
壶ڼյϣΪɽָԽ򣬿ϧÿһһ;ⶼһǹ壣Ҳ㵽۷֮Źһؿϵѵ㶼ָơ
ؿ̫ͣõɽԭΪһҲԽŹ֮ˣȻԯΪһЩʿͳ֮ʿǽѵʱнԼ˵ȴǡɱżȻĽɽĴͷˡ
ͷڰ۷֮ʱ򣬾ȻҲͬ⣬ϸѯɽ֮󣬴ͷ飬ȥı䡣
Űɵɽڵ֪ͷǽɽ֮ڹڱչˣȻȻڶ̶֮ƳؿԿŹ⡣
ʱʮϣֻһıĤֻҪͱˣһľء
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ģЩԼ֮Ǹ߰ޱȵԯȴһͰףȫߴͽ̡
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ԯȺʵسΪд½֮أҲʿ䣬ʮŹʿ̾ԯȣʣ¼仹ʲôҿ⣿
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ԯȣ˵֮𣬼ңҲﵽǰδе۷壡

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ĬĬ̶ߣǹڣʱ߲ʺ⣬ڼıһš
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ǰʮɽƺһ˲٣ֻʮģüպǾ档
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үүǲѾȹ˾Ź֮ЦʣɽһͻƵŹ֮յϢȥһԯȣɽ̶һˣɽʱ˵ȻȹĿǰľ磬
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̫ˣСӣһףɽһ˷ܡ
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ŸոͻƵŹ֮ȹվΪҵһƬǵأ㹻ܲ˷ܡ
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ȥȻ̸̸̬ȣʱɡһ£նɽһЩҴͨûϽȥ
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ǣħħҲѽʥֲϸ˺ѣ㹻ʵ֮ǰ㱻һԯɱˡ
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ԴһԯȵĵصףʥͨҴЭ֮ʥڶԴ̬ϣ˼ı仯
ԼԼ䣬ʥ޲ԽԽˣĳЩ棬Ҫ
ϹžűָоԽԽˣɵӣϸ룬㶴Ϥʥ޵˼֪ʥ޿ܻ
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ڵĽҿԾۼڴѾһЩˡ
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仯ǳ棬˵ֻҪۼ㹻ԪԳǿ
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Ǹ˽ˡ̱漵
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һĴڣ̱漣ԳԽκ̼ǰٶȣֱŹ֮
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ΪǸѾˣһ֡
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㱣һãȻǱʲô֪ԼֵðΪʲôҪ˵ôһ
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ϲ㣬ҪһξһֻҪŮ˶Ӧеḻ̌漴󵨵
ˣҪˣѾ֪̱漵˼ˣĿһʱ䣬飬Щ
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԰ɡһ˵
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ҲáմӦȻЩŤȥǣ̱漵֡
ʲô̱ɫŹ֡
ץְҶôɵİһ
ôɵģ̱Щɡ
ţġ
Ǻãץɡ
ãˡ
оеֵֹġ
ǾͶˣָо
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˽ֹŹֵضԻӶ̶뿪ϵϢسҳǵķȥҪȥ֮תһתʱֹͣԼиɡ
ǣ֣δĺ֮ţ̸һЩ޹صĻ˵һЩЦЦЦýоͽУ˼ɡ
̱ҲĮʱʱػ¶ЦݣĿ
߳δסɽɽţɽɽε˼ĵطĶɽ¡
շ˵ţ˵ԼһЩľƽͣʲôȥ룬ԼĵεΣһ˵
̱漺ЦţƵƵͷٳԷʣżһԼЦ
ǣȥҳǣ仯ò֮ƵĵطҳǵĽֵУ嵭࣬ͻգȥ̷ۼĽһЩûκ洦ƷѧּۻۣΪ۵Ȥ
һ£ȴ;磬˼κԼ룬ԼһͨˣʩչڵκԪУˮƹ֮ߣɽ

һ֮»ص̶֮漣ķ֣ǵ·ϴ񣬱ƽžԼԼ䣬˵·ﵽһµĲΡ
û뵽ƽȴ꣬ò



432 ҷˣ
аħ½ħ֮صħ⺣
һֻֻ˶ħħ⺣ţħ⺣һƫƧʯ䣬һ޴ʯţֻӰ֮£תһħⱬа䡣
һռĿռ֮һ𣬻ڿռ֮УһС
ڣͣǿռԱߣ˫ں⡣
һаħ֮һħ죬ɱбݺݵصĵŻⲽһˡ
һ˶ͷƽĮᣬͷħǰ·ײе۾˸źսĹâ
ͷħֻɾŸϼѪɣڼķɱ¾֮£ͷħۼԽԽԹޡ塢Ѫĸ꣬ͷħӵ
ͼһͷħħԸٹ̣ʱŽ˵ȡԹ֮
Ǹ˶ͷߵڣԣ˿ռǰ
ѣôңڣɫ粻˫ҫ
ɫ䣬Щľسڣһۣƽͨд½Ŀռһһֱɱȥɱ˿Ϊֹ
ڣаħ½Ҳǳ͵ħպգȻڶԴʱȴûһ취
ųŹ֮ڵѨδǳ֮Ĵǲ֪ΪΣƫƫſֲ֮ûκεԣ˭·ɱ˭裬塣
ڣԭҪԸħ֮ǼڷѰħ֮Ҫڣд½ڣȻԸ⡣
֮󣬼㿪ʼڣ͵չѪɱֶײУ档
ڣˣҪаħ½ϧ֮󣬽թ֮һڣҪΧԶȥаħ½ɽơ
죬֮У֮ڣͻȻ֣ʼԶڣ͵չɱ¾һ֣һ˱ɱ
ڣʱ򣬼֪ʧˣһǷɣ߷ɢһγ֣ڣ͵˴ɱ䡣
̶̼ʱ䣬ڣԵĸ֣һɱ˰ڣĹͷ̷󺺣ҲͷС
ڣʶħ˵Ŀ֮ˣۿߵĸ֣һɱˣҲܹۼڣΣֻܹЭӦ˼Ҫ󣬽ռ
ǰд½һɱȥ̷ֽͷӵһԣݲȵ
ڣǿеŭ⣬˿ռУŹ֮ʩչڣͿʼطѰд½ľλá
Ȼڣ͵ųȥ֮εһȦȴһں֮Уд½ƾʧˡ
һڣͱż˫ɻ󣬼˼ŶԲߡ
ɱôˣڣĺˣֻ뽫ɷߣȴӦд½ĴڣһӴڣ͵Ĳ衣
һ˼Ժ֮йһ飬ڣͰһԲưոݣд½ڣҾʹ򿪱ֻҪزˡ
ôţһصĵطڣ͵Ժ֮ͻȻ֣ڣ⡣
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ˣȥѣҲ㣡ڣʹ˳ɭɭ
һ޶ԣһҪʱŻعͷ㲻ƭҰɣ
ƭ㣬Իҡڣͺߵ
˵ͷ̵Ҳǣƭңһɱˡ
գ첻ԥһͷڲ׵֮Уգûټ
ԶزˡڣһͻȻЦЦļΪ⣬Цıóѵĳ졣

̶
̰̱漵С֣ǹŵȻЦ⣬̶ߵһŹ
̱ɫɣȻؿϣ̧ͷķǣһоá
ʲô룬еİԼֻרעһЩΪƽ飬ȷǴйᣬþöҲָоˡ
ǹڣһһأ¹䣬ϾԵŮ
һ˷֮ã˷һУѵõƽأػض̶֮ȴԼƺõ࡭
꣬һµ;ƺÿʱÿ̶ڱ˷գеִǵľƺڷٵȻڵѨûǶеȴȫµʶ
Ҫ࣬ľܹڳ죬ֻУ֮ϣܹһĸ
һóУȥۼڵҲڵԪȻȴԼԪӯ֮类עˮĹžȫĵ泩ݡ
ѧȥѧȥһˣûкɽˣûкҵİǣ֣ȴһͨо
漣ҸһطҪĶ֣ջɣ̧ͷǳеһһµʱ䣬Ѿ˺ˡ
ʲôط̱漲ʵ
վһ̶ڶ̶֮ϣȻһȥ
̱ɻĿУ̶ףͨİ½Ŀռָ˵ȥһʱɣкô廹еϿˣǶ
ʲôֵ̱ʡ
ǣǳ֮
ӻȻżտ˺һ̱΢΢һЦң
һǰҲģڣҷˡʵʵ˵
׵ͷ̱ûж˵ʲôһ֣Ȼɿԥ֮С
ûж˵һ仰һоڲС

̱漴ǿռ֮Уȥħص׵İ½
ڶ̶ĬĬѨ֮еǳ֮ڵӵĻ
ǳ˳
ڽڣѨٶԽԽ죬֪ǲԵʣںʱ䣬ʱ䣬ԽһѨ͸
ٶȣ֮
̶ʱ䣬Ȼ͸ʮĸѨ
ͣϢһ£һк̱ڷ֮УΪٶȣȻͶ֮ŷ֣żͣϢǸĽ
µɹȵϱĿޡ
֪ţ㹻ľ飬һڶ̶ڣŴ£ޣһһ̲ǳ֮Ѩ

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˵һɽ֮дըȥ֮󣬾ͷ˻Ѫ죬ѾˡХ
һ˼ػվӰһѾʧ
ˡһˣϳȥֱżХָĵصȥֻǼļǱڹһƽɽ֮ڣŹüϵơ
죬üͷЩһȻĲڿ϶ˡ
ôʡ
ں½ʱЩ˾ɺһֵĻǵأΪ¾˵ĳ֣ǲŴͷԯȰһʱ䣬ǱﲻסˣѾжˡ
˺ͺˣһ𾪺
ѹЩ˷׷Ҫչһʱ䣬ԭ׼ˣߣһ˱жȻȻɢģ壵
ô죿ЩżЩȻڱ֮ǣԯȣһԯȣԯǻᱻĻĺʥߣҪȥչ
ʱȱաҡҡͷڹؼʱòǱǲҪ´
һ£ֵοҪԴյϹžűȻ棬ȴܹͬһ޾ȥҲûá
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ЩӺ½ľŹʿȻԯȣΪǵĿֺãںܶ˶ǴкøУںܶ˶Щ˵ĶݣɽҲڴͷָ֮£ŽŹ֮ġ
ԯڵĺܶˣѾǵԼ˿ߣѽǵ˶ʦ֮£ԯ֪ѣŲʣƺҲ˵ȥġ
ȥǣµķλҲһȰǻ壳һ£̾Ϣһε
ʥߣôУһʲôΣգ򳤿ս˺ͺһˡ
ͳնڶ̶ɽҲոչȥֻһھŹ֮ҲֻȥˣǻŻȰ壿ˣҾѶϻɽ£ǴԯȣһʱڣػɽȣҪнˡ
գ壵Ӱģʧ


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һǿ⣬עһŻްŵǳ֮ų޵ɫʣǿ䵽һ޴ʯͷϣʯͷֱӺɷ飬ʯмҷɡ
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˫ħأֻǸӦһ£˱ͺһֹסɱ⡣
ڣͣ㵨ƭңұҪţɱ죬һŵǳ֮ϵ
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һǵΧһ޴ʯЩʯСһҲһҴСһҪˮƹҪ
һʯһǵĸ˶ţһʯ룬ҫһϵ
ڼ̧ͷȥʱϣһ˿϶
⣡
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ܣȻһŵǳ֮ϣǺҵ뿪·
ڣͽôһطȻΪһǶԴӴ˵뿪ˣҪȻڣͿ϶ôĴ󵨵ƭ
ħȴ֪Ǻá
ϸ룬Ϊ֮Ҫ֪Լںδֻ֪Լȷλãпҵȥ·
ҪȻҪԶŵǳ֮ϴȥˡ
ûԪħ䣬ôһİ֮ϣÿʱÿ̶ҪڵſԴҪ뵽һӡ
岻ܹѰ뿪ķȫܿƣܿͨһ㡣
ڷݳȥʼں֮εͼѰһ֮ǣи̾Ļǡ
һʼѰѰԸӦ֮ǻ߻ǡ
ںУʱ䲢û̫壬Ҳܹں֮У׼ȷذסʱ䡣
һ֮зţ;һǣȴûзһǣûмһ֮ǡ
֪˶ãȴ֪ѾԽԽԶˣԶܲϢˡ
а֪Ҫ췵ر壬һͱʧȥϵΪ»ҰԶںˣʧ֮䡣
֮£첻òϽر壬Ҳ֪˶ãڴӺ֮лع塣
ڵԪ꣬ؾ۾ָ֮󣬼컻˸򣬼һΪģĴѰ֮ǺͻǣϣܹѰؼҵ·

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ֹ˰꣬ڵѨѾ͸ٶˡ
ʱڣ˾ϵβ׷Ѱǿ֮·еľ֮ϡ
ڣںܳһʱڣؽ֮
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ĸ֮£ʶذ֮ǰĲ裬һڵѨڰʱڣͻƣһѨŬ֮±͸
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һּΪĸ֮֮£ʲôҪ룬ȴѸٽ
ٶѨһһ͸ڵԽԽǿʢ
һ죬Ѿ֮Ȼ֮ˡ

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ˡֺһѵĴ󺺡
յ˵ͷ˼ۣƺЩžˣ
ǰһֱŬƺһЩһҪʱ䣬ҪܳʱܹЩ֪ʶش
ţżеʱ䡣վʾ붾̶棬üͷ΢΢ĵʲô϶ʲôˣҪȻ̶
ա˷ɳ۵Ӱڶ̶ͣ䵽յԡ
ʲô飿ʡ
⹫ɫȻѸٵؽһ顣
ɽɽչأҲȥ̫ȻȴһֱûзأҲûиʲôָʾ
ʱڣں½һЩ֮ǵĸ֣ɱʧȥĲ
Źʿй壵δأ˿ʼżˣʶԽϾˣ˵壶סˡ
ˣɴ˶̶߼ա
꣬ʱûѶ⵹ҲЩ̫ˡüͷ૵
Źʿ̫Ѱǳ֮ʱһҪһĹ򣬹ֻǰδ飬Ҳ
ǣУЩڱ֮ǵĸ֣˱ɱе㲻Ծˡ
̼̫̫ҡͷЩǸǵصжӦò˳ҪȻӦ÷ˡ
̼ҡɻɽ֮ǵʮŹʿһѾǳǿˣһжȻû˳õҪõĶ˵˶ȻҲ
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˵˵֮˱㲻ھִҴҴδ뿪Ѹٷԯȡ
ԯȣӣ¸־ۼܶ鶼ҪòһЩ

ԥһմӶ̶һħİ½Ҫ̱漡
һİ½ûб仯ħӡڵص֮УֱܹӰһ½ֻܹӵͨħӰһЩֲһħҲҪһβ̵ʱ䣬Զʱħ˲в
ſһİ½Ѱ̱漵ټһҹʱ䣬ҵ̱漡
̱껹ε״̬̱εֻΪ̵ʱڣǸڵǳ֮ɼΪÿһܹ֮ɼһǳ֮Եʣ״̬϶̫á
󣬴һǳ̱֮λ
ߣҪæһѱס̱漣ߡ



434 
̱֣Ĵ֮£ػд½
ڶ̶վ̱֮Եúɻ󣬲ؿʣôˣôżҹʲô飿
̱ɷİĴ½ôʱ䣬ٶѨǳ֮Ȼһû͸ȴ񶼴һˡ
ţ¡üͷѸ˵һ飬Ȼ̻ĸ֣ӦöȥǸطǶȻǿУҪȻôʱûзԯȡ
˵˼ˣ̱Ѿˣˣһ̼ң˲ֻ̣Ǻ½һͶ̼ҵľŹʿ
һֱҪȥǸطԯ֮ô־ۼһͷҲֻǡֻû뵽ǻжô졣̱һ̾㲻֪Щûǳ֮˵һǵŶôջ
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ף֪ǵѴյͷõϿ˷ذ壬Ͱ˹ͨһ£ֻҪǽ̫壬˱̫ڸıǣĻ֮ǵ㲻ˡ
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˵ֵεˣָǰɣ̱漺ɵ
ǰҵȷֵεģ٣ڳµʱûжԥֱվһߡյ˵ͷ
ҺɣȻһЩȴǳްɣ̱ͷʡ
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쵰̱һ£޺޵һǲǣ
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Ҿ֪̱漼ꡱЦһ૵ԭǼ򵥵ĳ֣ҲȤء
֪ûֻھҪľķʽԼУȻһ˵Ĳͬȴᡣ
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㣡̱漵ͷŸżһ£߷ߵ̻⹫ڶпΣգ㻹ϾϾʹ
ţҲǣȻ˵ɡյ˵ͷ§̱ڶ̶ԱߵһŹïܴкһʼ

һ֮зݳȻ䣬ַǳĸо
ڶ̶ϷƮţȴһԼڱ֮ڵĸоͷ֮֮ڹϥŵԼ̧ͷ˿Լڵķ
죡
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һƽȥܣȻ֣֮УȻһꡣ
Ǻͼڵ꣬ǺǺͼ֮УԺ֮УĵڶѾռƿȨ
ɳ壬ڶȴ֮УƿһһӵԱߵ̱漡
̱漵꣬عͷ·һۣһ㣬֮дֵĲ
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֪еڶվסˡ
ţҴС֪̱漵ͷʧЦ˵㾹ȻҶһйˣԭȻôһ°
ƺͻȻʲô̱һݺݵصһۣ⻵һ׼ϵʱʹߣȻҸ⹫˵۸ң
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ᰡ
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겻ˣ˵ڶ᲻һɢͻȻ뵽⣬ʵ
ᣬɢˣڶΪꡣ仰˵ڶһַǳµ壬ǿߣҲֻкһֲܹӵеڶ꣬һ˰̱ȻһЦ
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֮ǰе̫¼һõ֮·Ҳֻһ֣бط
ԵʱҲûж룬Ȼǿ󣬵Ҫȡȫ֮ҪԵҪȥܹﵽġ
ҲףΪʲôԽһǵĵش̱漵һŵվǼǰУԥһ£̱Щֵʡ
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Уսҡͷ

ڴʱյ꣬һɲͬѰĲһɲǰһǣǵһɽ֮ڡ
һսʶȥעУȥ̽һ飬ҪǱߵʲô쳣
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ǰɽڽսҹȥʱȥһȻſ̱漣ĳǱȥ
Һһȥ̱漼֣СңҵĻ꼼ġ
Уһս㾫һķˣѷر壬𣿡
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436 ǿߣ
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Сƺˣ֪̱漵ľ˥Խ̱漵Ŀꡣ
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̱漶ھ룬ƺŷǳеķӦڶ̾λƷ棬ź衣
һĹſδյԣ̱漽ƶ֮䣬׼ȷرܿԼԼ䣬ЩŵĹ켣ı䣬źϻȡ߽Щ˵ϴ
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ߵ֮еĹǾɣСӣ۹⵹ǲһ߱ɫչɢɫȦһ㣬һɱϡ
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ͬǣħֱɱǣӡǸı䣬ǿħһпֱӸıһӡǣһħ֮ū
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ˣۿЩ￿ٴУҲԼϽ˳


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̱ԵұڣĻ濾£ʼպͨ죬𽥵
Щߺɵδ֮£׷׳Ϊ޵ɫƮݳȥЩֻ֮ЩڵıϻΪ̡
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ķ֮£꣬˲ΪҽĹǾǱɺɫңΪỤ̃ոɾ
ŷԽǳֵ֮İĵϿˣķ¶ܲˣοЩֻǲһЩǾꣿ
ʮķ֮±ΪҽûһԿ̱漣һһ̱ԣػǲϮ
ɫȻԵ࣬Ͼ۲ơ
˶ѣЩ߽̺ͺϻȵľŹʿܹʩչԼǿӿ󣬺ϻȺ̵߽ĸ֣ԵЩǱ
̵߽ĸֻһЩóöû˫ɫĶ⣬̵֪߽ʲôطЩӿǵܿ츯ãճΪһƵɫ
ϻȵľŹʿûôˣڶԴʱ򣬺ϻȵĸԵЩһĪչֺϻȵĻ꼼ʩչֻܹЩˣѽֱӺɱ
ܹɱͻ鷳Ȼɺĸߣ˺ϻȵ˲㣬ۼ׷׳źϻȵĸӿȥ
ӣЩɺߣ׼Ƚϻȵĸָɵˡ
˵ֻҪ̫ʿȫǵˣϻȶǵвһܹ罫𣬵Ȼá
һȫ˺ϻȵЩ֣ЩԽԽ࣬ҺϻȵĸɱʱϻȵһŹʿȱסˡ
ֻһŹʿ壬ʧȥ˷֮󣬱һڿڷʳˣ̵ܶʱڣû壬ʧӰˡ
Щʳ֮ʹȻ³һͬЩϻȵĸӿȥ
һŹʿ壬ڱʳ֮󣬾ȻһӶʮӣЩϻȵĸ־͸Ǳˡ
ĸߣɢ˳̵߽ĸַȥһеһ㶢˼պ̱漡
Щϻȵĸ֣ǻΪʳѾٱǷˡ
Сӣ֪飿ɫڶһӰȣƮݵ˼պ̱ǰδŶ֣ȻϾʻ
ʲôϵ𣿡΢΢һЦȴ
ӵɫߣΪǿӦñ̵߽ĽҪһ㣬ߣսʱߵһ˸ǿղòСĽ
Ļ׺ȤҲɱ㣬ҪһæһشݲȣƺһѾ֮ˡ
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ۿ߽̺ͺϻԽԽڲԥ
һԷɳȥϻ׵·֮£׷׾ֵĶܿ
յɿ˺ϻȸ־ۼĵط͡һ»Ϊÿһĥ̴С˸˸ȡ
ۼںϻǼԵĻķ֮£һð̣Ȼ֮İǵ屻ճɻҽڹǾϵߵ
һžԵɱϲԭɽصռƣȴ󲻵˵꣬һ֮
ˣ֮£һ߻Ϊ˻ҽ
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ллллϻȵܺ룬ԶԶ˸м겨
ܺ뱾׼üպ̱ڻңǺϻȺ߽лεɫķȦȻϣǵȷķȦȴӵıҡ
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δߺϻȺ̵߽ĸ֣ΪϻȺ̵߽֣ҪЩɺǿһЩĴʵͷûȰһ
ȻµѾϣЩ̫ǿˣǿϻûа취ЩƷչȥ߽̺ͺϻȵĸȫ군
һϻȺ̵߽ĸȫôЩɺߣ϶Ẕ́ˣϾһ߶ֵĻ϶ԥûС
ɲҪĽָˡ
һ仯Ϊĥ̴Сֱ֮ӽΧϻȵճһһֱ̱漵ԣ̱ұں濾ͨ¡
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ұϵĻһƺȼɽֻܱߵұڣҲűͨ죬޵ģɽɽףһӳ˸£¶ȻѸʸߡ
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ĸߣȫסˣϷ˶̡߽ϻȵ׷ɱֵؿǻĺĹƺΪĽš
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īһ㾧ĺĹҽĽ֮£ĹϷͼӵֻͼ񣬸һҪ
ӻɽĺĹĸɢһصͷЩͷϵģˮһҫںɫ
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һɫĹâĹ֮ϴݳȥӰΧɢǡ
һؽصǣںĹӰ£ۿɼٶһڶ̶̼ʱ䣬صǣϳһͷɫĹϹͷžž죬ƺʵ
ȻҽڹϺ󣬹·𱻴һ飬ͷҲͷ֮ķ϶ƺӲǱҽճˡ
ͻȻһɱɱϢǹϱ
һͷڻɽ·һˣӯط𣬾޴ĹչһĻȻһɺߡ
̵߽ļ˱ȵǱһߣûκεĻ֮ǹĻ֮£屻и
Ĺ֮У̲˼Ϊаı¶֮ЩǿĸʴЩ֮£Ǹߵûκεİ취֮бЩаϮ
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д½Ҳķ˲ٵľܹиľ䣬ɽײռϷ磬ܹ룬Ѱ⹫̼ҵ̫̫
ˣֻҪлᣬȻ˷ѣܹһЩȻҪһЩ
Ĺһߵи֮ӯǺĹ֮ţӹ֮ϣٿطɳһīһĹǴ̳ɽ˻ȥ
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ĸߣһ֮غһֱС̽ھòһЩǷ۽ߵʼղҹֵھ
֮Ϊ˶֪ŹĽƴڣ»ᴥЩƣҪ鷳
̡߽ϻȵĸ֣ĸ֮Ҳʼղʹɱ̶֣ȵͷų»ᴥ˽ƣǵжǰ
һ߶ʮһһɽŪֱӿҪˣ˲֪ҽӰ֮£Ȼܽ
ڣɽĵ£ð˺ĹںĹ֮£صǣһͷаĹ
ɣԹĹаƻǶ껹ʵ壬ſµɱȻҲǾŹ֮ǿߣȴס
ƺǺĹһķĴڣΪ˷Ĺκ˵Ⱦָ̡߽ϻȵĸ֣ǺĹԶʱ򣬹㲻ʡ
ǺĹĽϽˣǻϳΪĹĿ꣬ڼһ߾ʱһͷעеϣʼӶŹٿŹǴ׷
֪һͷаޱȣҲ̰һ˵ľ֮ϳȥѸ̱漵ԡ
ֻҪ͹һκʵľ룬㲻ټ׷𣬾ЩϷȥĹǴ̣Ҳ;Уƺھ˲Ҫ
СӣʣߣȻŭһìͷ˼ա
ڼû֮ǰĽƶδǽȻȴ˺Ĺ֮е֪ںĹ֮Уڡ
ĸԱػķ·Ѿھ򵽺Ĺһʱ˽⣬ҲʶһЩĹİѰŴ򿪺Ĺķ
ٶȻһЩʱ䣬ΪѾɽ´˺ܳʱˡ
ȱ߽̺ͺϻȵ˷ֱ֣յƻƻһһͬʣµߣ̲סˡ
ɱСӣСӻţػǳ鷳һ꣬ڼյɨɨȥ
ߣһԲĵطɢżա̱˿
ߣһʱƺ߽̺ͺϻвյҪĿԴ
߽̺ͺϻȵĸ֣ؿ߳żա̱漱ƽȻδְ겨ǿң߽̽ܺ˾ۼһƺڰ
ЩһǶʲô̱ŭ߽̽ܺ봫ŭѶ
֪ʲô㣬ƺɽۻͼ
ոҪǼճȣЩϻȵļһѾɱˣΪɽڵ¶ȳΧɱܺǵЩһˣҲܹܺǹв
ҪǼܺǼϻȵˣʱѾɱˡ
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̵߽ĽȻǲ²˼յݡ
һʱ䣬й¼Ѿ̫򣬵̫֮ĵõ飬Ҳ̫֮֮һЩĴ½ָ͸¶ȥ̫һЩ˶֪
𣬿˵ƻ꼼֮һһ߽̽кϻȵܺ룬Ͽ϶ݡ
ԯȵļգ̫ͷ˲֪˲̵߽Ľܺ룬жĹ˼ɣߡ
ܹ¾ˡħ̫֮ǿ߻˵ˣʵжôǿûκ˶ףԯȵļֽ̫µһˣ
߽̽ܺ룬һҪõڷʵ֮˷µĶ֣ˡ
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߽̽ܺ겨ϣ˶ľ£֪˶ĵģ϶ߡ
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ԯȵļգҪǵİ̵߽Ľ䲻ȵػӦôһ䣬ǻ뿴νʰأģǻΪźġ
ܺĬȻҲ߽ͬ̽˵
а̾Ϣһ䣬ն˲ٱκεϣۿ߱ɫ׷׷ǵıһĺʱ̱漵ֿˡ
̱漶Σѷɫ˷ɢߵĻһЩ
УߵҪĿֻ̱꣬漷ֿ̱֮ӦòԷķ׷ôţŤ˸ܹһ֮ͻȻ̡߽ϻǱ߷ȥ
ҶǺѣͬЦ׷ɫһ˹߽̽Ǻϻȵܺʲôطʲôطȥ
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Ҳ˵ǰУΪٶȼ죬ȻʱȻ޼ʣȻͻȻȺ֮ð
ȻҪɱգǵ̡߽ϻȵˣǵĹΧ֮ڣҲ
ôһ߽̺ͺϻȵĸ֣ҪƳա
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ʱ߽̺ͺϻȵ̳Чˣۿôݶ߽̺ͺϻȵĸҲܲסظżһԸߡ
һʱ䣬ΪƽϢսһαĻ
ֻ̱漣·ΪˣӣûжԸΪԭ򣬹ҲӶ
̱һעżǱߣһߺؿźĹ
ףǺĹһƺͻȻʲôһؾǾģ


441 Ҹö
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ǺĹ棬ͼÿһͼƶһǰצײеɱ״̬Ǵõʵ̬
ȻīԺ󣬺Ĺ֮еͼȴͻȻ˹īķЩںĹֳͼƺҲڻƶ
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ĹϷݳֻ׳ȴ͸¶һɷıϢǻûҲڽսļպߵɨɨȥ
̱漵һƺ˻̬ע⣬һӺĹϷײеͻȻ̱漡
һ֮ıɷֱӴĻϳԽ˿ռľ룬˲㵽̱漵ǰ
̱ȻһҲҶ࿴ͷ̬ɭĺðݳȻһ塣
ɷ̱֮漵ӰɨһȦȻûн̱漵˺ȴ̱һ
̱ͣ漳ǺĹһȻ־ôһĹĻǴϷݳֻ̬׳Ȼ̲صӴɷ֮ȴȾŹ۷֮ǿߣ
̶̼̬ǺĹϷɳÿһֳ̬ǺĹϵͼһ
һǺĹԱֳǺĹȻǿҵɷϢŨŨɷϢӺĹϷݳһעĻϷ
ֻ׳ǣɷ֮ǿйע֮£Ȼһʹһÿһ׳ˡ
ˣ̱о̲סЩս˴ݳѶ
Ľ棬̼ȻֹߺͼȰֳ֣վ
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һû̡߽ϻȵĸִɱʱ򣬼䲻ͻȻ֣֮͵Ϯǣǵҽ֮࣬ķѾ޴
յĪ⣬˿̹ĵӡ
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УȻֻһˣѲĳ̶ȴ̡߽ϻȵ֣
ˣ߷˶̡߽ϻȵôһĿ˼գ̱һͣߵ꣬һ̶ûзɣ¼ջʲôʱʹûһζ͵Ϯ
߽̽ܺˣվһߣóĻ壬ԵüΪǱһаûڲѡ
ûµɷǸʲô֪ɷ¾ˡˣαغȥأڿɺˣһηҪⲻɰ
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ֻҪ겻һСɷǷ˱壬ԯӴ֮£̡߽ϻֻ·һ
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Ҳûп߽̽ܺһۣأֳȵȻ֮ɫ
ϵӴɷ֮о˾޴Σǽսʱ֮еѾĻɽڶסˡ
ŨҵɷϢϲϵؾۼĸ䣬ƺΧɱķһɵһͷī̾ںĹϣֹ˿
ſˣϸоǿ֪Ѿ˳˵ܺˡ
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ôţɫԽԽˣĵس̱漷ȥ
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СģЩںĹϵͼǳĿ£̱ȷֱ仯ҲӦϿµɷϢ̲סѡ
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ҲĶ֣ʱе̰ڣôҪٲˡ
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Щߣһ˼գؼʱɺߵ֪֪Ϊ˻Ӧòǰӣѡ˼Ϊߣȴûж࿴߽̺ͺϻȵһۡ
ǿߣ֪Ȼǻ꼼ļգܹǰ߽̽ܺ룬ûбǷ
ûԥͷʾ顣
ǡֹܺջǴͷҲ԰ﵽǡ
ǰǿնһɭɭѶͻȻ֣
һʼһ֮ǰǵɫͬʱһľ޴УҲߵϷų
֮ͬǰԸ̱漵ǹУ³ĹУֱֳԲΡΡΡΣÿһе״һȴȻ˺ܶࡣ
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ɫ֮Уĵͺ𣬾޴צҵĻɫ֮ϣɫֺı
ߣһߺӳԷߡ
պ̱ˣû˿ԥ߼ǲǰУʱߵסһٵس˳ȥ
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ȻǵˣҲƵϹ䣬ٲ̡߽ϻЩһ壬ѹ̡߽ϻ̫ĸģ¾˲Ǻ̼ҡɻɽҲǡ
ǿ̡߽ϻЩ˵ЩɺһȽϣȻñ˵ǿȻеġ
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߽̺ͺϻȵЩˣһߣ˵ʲôص㣬Ҳֻбһ˵ˡ
ˣǻѨȫ͸ľҲҲԴֻʮ֮ԽԽԶһҲԵǸ硣
Ը͵ദҲͺϻȡ߽Щһｻãдôһͷպ̱ˣٶȿݵظϡ
ߣϡŹֵĹУһһݳȥǶסɽڵɱȥϣܹסлûߡ
ոѾʩչ˲ٵԸϣҲ˲ٵľ֮ٶԸЩ߱ԵЩˡ
˵ְ꼼ͷųз裬㼯ɺ󣬿ӿסɽڵȻɽ粽롣
ߣֳƣ¶˽ǵı顣
ڴʱղԼһͻȻðסŨŨҽǰһѱסһͷϵŨҽעһͷϡ
ϵȻףҲͬʱݳӲغһͷ֮ϣ֮£һͷţȴѲ§ʱסˡ
һ΢ϸ֮Ļâɰǧرȥһͷڻâ֮󣬻һŻһӽһͷ档
ߣմҵ겨
ڴʱΧۼŵͷҲǵȻӱĽˣٶȼ졣
ɽ֮£һǰ߱ʱסˣɽڵڼյ֮Ҳʱסʣµͷǳźϻȡ߽ʣµ˱ȹȥġ
ڿǵǿ֮󣬷׷̡߽ϻȵˣһתͷһ˲ɱ˹
գ̱漾һȻ׼뿪
ߣҶϺ󣡡괫ĺǳҸö
̱ڲ裬֮󣬳ûɽ֮ڡ
һȻվɽڣı̬ʼԵУֱ֮ǰλá
ͷɱڿҪ˼ǰʱͻȻһ֮ǰ֮ͣЩƺܹӦĿֲȻΪؼʱһͣˡ
հһϽû룬ڸ֮ǰϴɽڷɳˡ


442 ˵ʲôʲô
Ȼǻ̬ηղûĿƾһԽЩȫɱ
Ĺ̫аˣƺһֱסϣԸоǺĹ֮дһϢԽԽǿ
֮⣬֮Ǹ̾ںĹ֮ϲīҲͻȻһԾ𣬳ֱֱ
һͷīûһ˿ϢһܣĹ֮еĳƿš
ûīȻӰ죬һʩչȥīȻԽɱ
û취òˣЩŹֵꡢ֮£Щ޼ƿʩ
̬һȥҲûϷݹȥ
̡߽ϻȵĸˣѾǶסɽڵŵʱҲһһ壬ϣܹɽڷɳ
ϧڼյʧ֮һͷסɽڵѾʧȥһ˱廵Ϣȫˡ
߽ܺ̽ˣ걻Ϣ絽Ȼʼ³١
߽̽ڹؼʱ򣬽طŪֻһСߴڱзɳһֱ롣
һʱҲ޴צ͵һץһӲӵĺڹⱬһڳϷɵϡ
һҽУ̡߽ϻȵһܴˣҽȴֱݡ
ϵ̱漰Σļգ߻֣˿ԥֱϷȥ
˵;Ѿˣ֡

ڹУմɽڷݳһŻϳˡ
ɽڲԶ߶վǶ̱һߣǵĵسɽţĬĬصĳ֡
һɽڷݳ̱漱һҲƽû°ɣ
û¡մݲȵػӦһ䣬˿Զһۣ̱漣ûôɣ
Сӣʲô˼һһŭߺߵ㵱Ƿˣļһһǵ˵ʱȻ᲻ϧһдɱǣֻҪʱǵѣͲֶĵ飡
ûпֻǿ̱漡
̱漵һЦݣû£ЩһȻԴ󣬵ȴ̡߽ϻȵļһֵΣ壬顣
Ǿͺáյ˵ͷ׼˵ЩʲôͻȻ¶һݵ

ɽУ߽ϻȸֵں֮£ǵ𽥵˥ҲɽڷٶȻҲ𽥵ı
ȻһΣɽڳ֣ܺзݳ֮һ˶Ļ͵ؽס
߽̽ҽ䣬ŵɽ㱻ǧϰٵĻâС
̱Ҳĵ佣̵߽ĽʹɽڷݳѾһϢ̵߽ܺĽ˵ĺֶ֮£ֱӸɱˡ
ܺն֮󣬼ȻϿʼܺؼľ֮ǰĽս֮УȻų֣ȴķ˲ٵľɽڵʱоЩƣˡ
ܺ롢߽̽ûа취ָ֪˵ҲͨӲҲĹ֮³ȴˣޱȵ
߽ܺ̽Ķ𱨣ʹüڶֵʱûһĸΣֱӸɾؽ˵ɱûʼȡ˵ľ
̱漲δ̫֮ǰʱ̱Ѿ㹻ľڴʱֻǳûһ㣬ָʮɵľԵþ
ߣһҲԵüΪƣڵµʱȺͺϻȡ̵߽ĸֽսһʱ䣬ճֺ֮ͼս֣֮ͷ
ߵľҪ߽̽ҪȻôһģǵľҲʣ޼ˡ
ǷһУǲľܹܲǵ֮ǣһ⡣
ˣۿ̱漺ͼˣڶ߽̽ܺĲգ˶ЩִٲҲȥһȴй˼ɡ
ǵģʱ˼ա̱漣˵ķ̫ḻ̌漺ͼȴҪָ˹Ǽգ֪жصֶΡ
ǺڿĻյļҷûеõЩľȱոˡȻǳҪõЩȴֻ۰Ͱ͵ߡ
ɣ˲ľò꣬ǲҪײҪճһһۣشһѶ
ʲʲôһȻܲţ˵˵
һ㣬ٵĻûˡղ͵
߾ۼһķ꽻һðһԣһ߳˹̱漡˲ԶͣСռ߽̽ϻܺĲ
˲֪յĺǷҪûǣȻʱǲû̫ѡأò㹻ľ䣬ôһͻǿҵǵأǼûһ̫ĸ֣Ҳѷǵ֮ǡ
С̫ЩӶľŹʿӶܲһ˲ᱻɱ
Լɺˣǵ̫ҲпܳΪԷľ䣬Լⷽɱȡ
ûѡ֪зգҲˣڼա̱漵ԣһ߰ع۲żա̱漵ĶһСľ
߽ģоúЦȷûҪɱиõ⡣
ɽڣûгû͵Ϯ̱漣̱뿪ɽ֮ǵĺǽˣ߻ûж̱֣Ҫֵ߽̽ܺζˡ
ɺĸ֣ˣǿɺ˵ҲЩӰɺ֮Ҫ̫սͣȫΪǳ֮ѷ
ɺľŹʿǳ֮ϣҪ̫ľŹʿҪǿҡ
н;ɺĸֵΣҲǲܵ飬߶Դ˵ʱȻĺͨ飬֪ڹؼʱ򲻻ᱳʹӣҪǺˣǵֵΡ
֮⣬˵־ûб̰ɱΣһǿ֪ȡϾ;ɽ˳ˣ߽̺ͺϻȵˣֱһ̲
ߣ̰ңҪ̼ҡɻɽ˻ҪհԶܹʡĲ١
̫ɺ֮ĳޣûзϣܹìܣˣʲôѶ⡣
ҹˡȻһЦ뿪
̱һȥѾָ˵߸֮ȻҲվһ߽̽ܺ˱ɱĵشȥ
ǵɣʣµľȫˡպ̱ԶԶÿʾԼûжֵĴ㡣
̱ЩɣؿΪʲôҪô
ղûйĽֻͣǰ̱漷ģ˼д㣬̱ͷٶʣʵһԶԶߡ
һ̱뿪ҺǱһȫľ룬Ȼɻȴûпȡ̱ԭȵλãվͿҪɢ߽֮̽ܺľ
һߣעǶϢͷſ̽ɽеĶδɳһͷīҲڵ£ƺֻǷĹ뿪Ĺ̫Զ
պϾؿߣ˼һκǽ͡
֪߼ǽЩľȫˣҲԶԶָ۷徳磬ΪĻɽ̫ˣô׻ָġ
Ϊ֪߾ЩҲвŻôİȻһ㲻ĵ߽ľȫ֮󣬻̱漲
ںĴ󷽵ͬʱ˸۵ġ
ڣ߽ʣľֶˣȻԶԶûлָ۷֮ȴ˲١
ֱʱǲָֻţһؿߣҽףҵܵк¡ҵ֣ɺǷ̫ޣ㲻ҪΪǵСæǱмߣ
Ҳļһ̱ƲƲ죬
Ȼ˱ϢߵǻǵǷһ飬һ䵽ɺĸУǻһ·͵ǻرǵԮ֡
ҡҡͷ΢Ц˵ǹûбĻᣬɺˣûץסҵİ취
ֵܣôһ˵ƺʲô鶼ԵЩŹ
㡭ܹӳȥȴûָ̱ͨ漣˵ǻỹϣֻҪɺץסֻҪֵܵžͿһһ˻ȥǻԸȥġ
׸ô˵֤ɺ֮˶ȻҪȻ˭ǵʣ
Ŷֵضˣװɺô
һӦɺˣģǷģǶȻ취ǣǷ˶дʵ
磬˵㣬ǵˡһ䣬׻ûƣֻԵһЩҲԵþ࣬һ֪ǸѶԸĽɫ
ˣҡҡͷͻȻЩˣֻҪǺú˵껰һʹˡ
ˣЩɻ󣬲׼˵ʲô
ɺ̫֮Ľ棬ȫΪǳ֮ѷɺⷽأ֪ɺ֮еĻѾˣǰɣʡ
ɫÿȴͷʾ˵û
ɺʮڵ֮ϵȻֺǲԽԽ࣬ǲһЩ֮ǣֱӱʯֵƻĲҲ̶ã񰧺Ұʡ
ɫѿһεĵͷ
̫̫࣬٣ƽѾˣȻ֣ᷢȻ򣬲֡ɫȻ
㵽˵ʲô׺ߺߵ
˵нһеķһЦֻҪǺҺֻҪܹ˵ɺϵĸĸ֣ҿһݵؽɺ⣬ȻǰǣҪң
ֵܣһסˣһ֮Ŀ𺳵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
а취ȫģǱߣ϶Ҳû⣬ΪѾ˼ˣֻҪܰǣ˵ʲôʲôһ£һһٵ


443 
ֵһ˸˸¶ŵ顣
Ҳǣǳ֮ѷֻɺ⣬̫ǳ֮ȱһǸ⣬Щɺ̫֮Ľ棬Ϊʲô
Ϊǳ֮
ռȻ̫ҪзӦȰ̫ǳ֮ˣȻֵ֪̫ĸ塢Ϊǳ֮ѾԽԽˡ
£˵а취ɺ⣬Ȼǲ̫ŵġ
Ҳ֪ǲô׽ܣ΢΢һЦ㽫˵һ飬̼ҡһ˽Ĺƻһظ
Щ̼ҡɻɽЧȻһЧ
Ȼֵһʼʱ򣬻ԵЩģƺûнĻϡ
Ȼص㣬̸ֵ֮ڣȻһȤ
˵ĵϿ˺ãĽõֵ̫֮ϷһңȻǱոˡ
ܿأֵܶס˺ȶȻǵľ״̬յѾؽǵ߸ˡ
żգûйԥʣǸѵ˼аֵ˼
΢΢һЦˣô˵ɣ˶ǳ֮Ҫ࣬˵ʺϵĵطֲǳ֮ǿ϶ܾġ
Сöе귽ʽһ죬׵˵ҿпԡȻ˲ܹǻҪȥϣ볤ӦûԸ֡
ɺҪ̫࣬Щɺǳ֮ȫɹ⣬˾£ֻҪ˵ԸǸǳ֮Ǹûа취ܾ
ƭɺľŹʿҲҪðһ£
ܹȷжϡյ˵ͷ΢Ц˵ǷɺӰΣ
һȻһǷɺӰ൱¾̫Ӱ
ǰɣ죬ȻЩˣĻǿɲҺǺ
ô˵׼ˣæɺκεʿʿҪǷӣҪţֻкǷǵļƻܹʵʩ
ȻʶһεĻɺôҪ
ЩɺĸʿΪܹѰǳ֮ķ֪ķ˶ٵľˣϧȴһֱûκεķıһС
缧֮ǰ˵ʮڣɺĸ֮ϣʼģȻֺʯ֮ܶǸֱӴݻˡ
һſŵ֮ǣʮڣֵĻ֣ɺĸ֣񶼳ϻ̳Ͽ֣֪Լ֮ǣʲôʱЩѡ
һ֮Ǳݻ٣粻ʮ֮ĸ֣Ҫ֣֮ǾŹ۷֮ǿߣܹӦ֮Ӱ죬Ҳᱻǡ
ɺľŹʿɺѾ𽥵ˣԽǿĸ֣ԽܹĸӦһ㡣
ҲΪˣЩɺĸ֣һȲ߳ȥЩ̫ĸϧһд۵ȡǳ֮
ΪףŹ۷֮Уֻٽһﵽʮµľ磬ǲſѵȻˡ
ֵܣҲһ㣬ԲðΣգѰҸĻ
˵ƺһĻᣬ֮ǰҪ׽ס񼧳˵ڸϽǵĵǣܲ
¾̫Ȼǿᣬǲİսһ䣬˶٣ֵǷ¾һģǸܹɺʿ˵
ҡͷæͣǷ¾һȻǿȴԱɱ䣬ǣԵ·ˣ
Ե·ˣˣŷܹΪɺǿһʵ϶ǵʲôԵ·ˣôһ˵ӷȻ¾ǰ㲻ġ
Ļǿԡ׿ϡ
Ӧôˣ̬ȺǳϿҡ
򵥣ɳһ˷طǵĳϺú£ߵ˵Ƿ򣬱һңⰲŰĸǰһ¡յ
û⣡һڴӦһܵ˵¡ȥһˣٽߵ˵ˣ
¡û壬Եĸߴ䣬Щ鶯쳣ȻҲǸˣὫˡ
Ҳ֪֮ûһԥͷӦȻֱӸˡ
׺ˣԵúڴӡ
ˣ̸һ̸顣¡뿪֮󣬼ղ⣬ʵʲôʱֵھôʱ䣬ʲô֣
ˣڼյѯ֮£ûйԥ㽫֪һһ˵ˡ
ԭֵǰһ飬ǷѰǳ֮ģڷڵǿߣھŹ۷֮
ǣ֮оľŹʿû۷֮ڼǷȱǳ֮ĵزǣۼǳ֮ͻƵŹ֮Ϊǿݺ۳ҡ
ϾҲ֪һ̫ĸ֣ĳͻ̫ǿˣֻ۷ǿܹúõĻ
ˣЩǵ֮˺ܾãиӦɽ洫첨ؽһ֮ǷǣЩǺɡ
ھһӣ;˼Сƣһ㶼Ƹɱˣǻ飬ŶܹȥҲڽչʱǸӦһ΢֮Ϣͷų
ϵھڿ϶ĳطһˡ
ҲǴ֮ǰĹǿֲ֮꾫裬ֻҪܹõ֮еӴϢǵ֮УǱлѸͻƵʮ֮
Ϊдôһͷ˲һֱСĽھϣܹõͻƵ
ôô󰡡հͷԥһȻж󣿡
׺һҡͷ
Էֳɼ𣿡һʵ
׺ֵܣҡͷ
ʲô֪ղˡ
һ˵ͷˣЩΣ飬ҲǷ֮еļλ˵ģҲ֪֪Ǻö˭ҪǵõˣܺܿͻƵʮ֮
գҪڴʱһֱĬ̱ͻȻڣһ˵ıڷ֮һˮƹĽһôҲֻô󡣡
һ£̱漼֮УӴ꾫裬ԷָȴǳѣֻſԽѿ
յ˵ͷ֪̱漵Ժ֮УҲʮʿļ䣬̱ܹ֪ǲȡ
Ҫɫᶨտ̱漣סֵܣ֣һһҵֳɼ֣ٲĺô
סˣһסˣŹֵؿǲš
գ㣬˵ʲô̱ҲסˣֵشɲôõİոҲ˰ɽ滹߸̬һͷīôð
Ҹոһ£ҾãǿԽֱӽġտ̱漣΢Ц֪꣬Ҳ֪ҿԽ崩󣬽֮ǣǰɣ
̱۾һŵؿ˵˵
˵ͷտ϶Ĳ²⣬Ҹոճһ£ҵ꣬д½Ǹϵܿռƣһ꣬ǿԴ򿪿ռҳһ£֣д½ϵ꣬ȷλá
Ҳ˵ûĻҵıԴԽϣֱӽٴ˵أ
̱ǲɶֹϲ૵Ļ˵ش󣬲ԾŹʿƣ
ٴεͷЦȻܹʮʿһֱ֮з裬ǽǡǡ֮ϣû̫⡣
ζʲô
ζһѷˣֱӽ٣Ϊ겹Ӵľζţֱһſǳ֣ؼƣ
ںǺͼİ֮£ֻʮʿſ飡
̱漾ϲͷô˵һʼôֱӱҪ꾭ôľ룿
Ҳǡճ˼һ£ٴνֻͣӦģſԹɺ̫֮䣬ƺڱԵ֮أǺǺͼ֮Уһʼûһ鷽λҵ֮󣬸Ӧ֮ƺŽһͼӽǺǺͼС
̱˹ͷԭӣҲˣԺں˽սռĪıˣһУֱӱ彵٣ܺã
պ̱漵̸סֵҲţȴһãȻ˰죬Щף֪˵˵ʲô
彵һ飬ˣȴֻǵ˵ûбǷϡ
ܲܽǵ壬ҲһӶ̶̱ʡ
ȻԡȻһЦɵ˵

˽ʱңԶд½ϣһվڶ̶̶ߣɫ£ǹڡ
յд½뿪֮Ѿˡ
ʱڣպ̱漵һֱ̫֮߶ɺ̫мš
˵ûͣЪȻڶ̶֮еļյĵڶ꣬һϢ
յȻˣڶΪ껥ͨһƿȨˣڶӹ˼յƿȨڴѨŬš
̫ţڶƿ壬ʼһ̲ǳ֮Ѩ͸ʱڣڵѨһٸ͸ˣһûе
ǹڣڶϵʱ̱ţڲӲӵĹâ֮£ǺͼͻȻ˶̶Ϸ
â֯ǹⱬ䣬̶޶ŵľʧ룬֪ʲô顣
ҲӶ̶֮иֳ㶵ؿϵĺǺͼܵ˼ϵϢ֪Ǽʩչĳɵص׺һ̶ް
ڴʱһŲӲӹâںǺͼһųһͨδ֪֮ţȺű̽
ٿһס̱ϵ壬һЦһͷĹ֮У˲ʧټ


444 벻Ҫ
ųǳϣͻȻֳһĿĹⶴⶴ˸ʣµɢһּΪĹС
׺ֵܣһӴסˣ׷׽ۼʱ׼Ӧδ֪ա
Ȼһ̣ʵ̬ļպ̱漣ȴشǹⶴ֮ð
ǰ̬ļպ̱漣һͷ֮Уֵܵע֮вˡ
壬µõһȨǺͼ֮еĵڶ˾ӶߣеȨóǺͼв
һǳ֮⣬㼯ɺǺͼҫͷһǳ֮⣬纣һ˱⡣
ǺͼԺ֮ݷϤĸоһһͷ֣ȻʶĲ²ⲻɹˣ
ɹشд½ֱӽһ֪˶ǣ̫ıԵɺֻһ֮
ֻʮʿ壬ſԵ
кȻЩſӿŵǳһɽʶͷſһƬţӦκε
ôһطȴȵĸоΪʵ̤أеسε
廹Ǹλվһ֮ϣޱĸоʶĸӦҲһ˲ɽ֮УѰͷλá
ϣӦɽεһ̾˺Ĺ棬ʧȥĿƺһα仯Ϊ˺ĹͼȻϢڣȴȻ̫ࡣ
һīδΪ˵뿪ɢܣȻȴںĹԱ߰Ȼƺһֱڰţֹİ˵Ŀ
壬ڵӴԪʥ޵Ԫ顢ȭ׵ȵµֿʩչˣʹ̬ȣһ̵ܹӳҪǿʮֹ
֮⣬ϹžűԼƾһϹžűԽ洳һˣ
ĸܣ̱漸пһ䣬ϣϲá
ֱӽ֮ϣֻʮʿſģǰ̱εʱ򣬲Ÿ룬ȴֱӳ֮ϣ
סֵܣֱӴסˣôޱȵĿżպ̱漣ԡ
ա̱ˣһ֮ϣ̫ϰߣ֮ûк˲òڵԪʩչת֮ϵĹŹ仯Ϊʺǵ̬
ͬʱγһڵĹֳ֮ڣǺֿԷֹ֮ϮȻҪһԪȴȥ
һӦǵ֮󣬼ղ΢΢һЦֵ̼ܴݳͷҵı塣
סˣѾڳǰģʵ壬Ǹ֪պ̱ģֻоȣоֱЩ̫ʵ
ǣôʵֵģ״Ѷ
Ϊֻмա̱ʵ壬ǵĽѶһ㣬֮кѴҪҪ⻨ıС
ҵķЦЦسɽȥǺһȥһΣǺúúЩ棬ػŪ
סˣȻЩԥ˻̱ͬ漡һɽȥ
֮ԻԸðգΪ˾üޱȵأΪ˵õԲŻԸðһԡ
֪̱һʾ̱漺סں󷽣ǰһ·䡣
ֻ̬һСһ㣬ǧҪĻǸȻҪСī̱ʱסС
ﵽŹ۷֮סУεͷ
û취ֻǣǾ˲٣ֲ̬ܹ𵽵̫Ȼ绹ڣ㣬Ҳֻܹ̱漡յİˡ
ձʹ֣Ѹٳ·䡣
ʹķţʹδͷųеɣ
֮ľˮȫ̲˽ľˮ֮޵Ѫڣʹְԭ̫¼֮£һ
ʹּ֮Ӱʵ赲ˣɽðݳɷ֮Ҳʹȫסˣûһ˿ɷܹ֮ʹ֡
ܿأȥִɽ֮ǰʩչĵط
һͷīȻڣһֳڵϵī·͵עٿַǺĹ̾ţһ˫նͫؿƺʱ׼
ͬʱǺĹͼ±仯Ϊͷǵ̬һɽֳ
ͷһǿ֮ɷ֮һɽ汬κһ㣬Ȼֱżһ˳

ŨŨɷ֮֮б仯ΪһĿĹâһʹϷȻ
Խľˮ֮ʹ֣Ӵɷ֮ײ֮£ȻҪףɼЩɷ֮ôĿ¡
ձһ֮лһɵӹ֮гȥһ㣬ֱǺĹײȥ
ĹĪ棬һҪĿ˺Ĺ֮ϣһɵΪƣ׾֮׺Ŀ˱ȥҪĹηӦ
䣡
׺γɵˣȻǺĹϱըֻǺĹϺɫâЩɫâһĻ꣬źĹƣһ塢ɱϢзݳһī塣
īֻǷĹˣͻȻ޴ǻ֮䣬ɽڵұϴ޴ı
һʱ䣬ɽ֮еĹƺȫˣɽڱըڶʯ촷ۣĴɢ
ī߷ɳצңңס˼ա
ٿأյֱצץסĸо˼ʮף͵һۣǱסˣڵԪ类ᣬҲۼ
īצɿץצӰǵأΧұನ֮£׷ױ鿪һ̣ɽһҪֱӱˡ
ͣ
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īһצצӰʹϣ֮ʹڳܲסױ鿪
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445 ñ
Դ֮壬ƺ˽һЩһ꣬Դ֮һԾ˺Ĺϡ
ĳͻȻֻԴ֮壬һαΪҺ壬ȻôںĹһʧǺĹС
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447 
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ҲΪ̱漴ʼնûбֳʹܰȻؽܼյ˳żյͷſ飬ͷ꣬ԵõҪһС
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448 
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˹ʮһһ˵򼫿۽һȥһͷαܣģɷ¶
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СģҽĵԳֵǡ
ɺ򡮺̳ʿɺУ̳ʵȻ确ӰȴҲѶԸһ̼ҵľŹʿϳѣϣСġ
Ϊαܵġ̳֣󣬱һסֵܾȻһûж룬ֵֻܱˡ
Щ̫ıɼһҶǡֵ̳Ļǵض֣Ȼǵ߶Ǵ󵨰죡֪αܴŭ籩񳱣Ϊģɷʵʣٿسżߺ
ɷڿбڣըˡžžͻɷ䵽ʯϣʯ׷Ҳһըҷɡ
üͷպȻ̧֣һӲʹĻ̼һ
ʹĻ֮ɣɫʽ֯һʹĻǷ˿˿ȵɢڹĻϡ
ͣͣ
αܱڶɷ񳱣ʹĻϷֻɷ䣬ɷ꾫̼䵴Ȼ޴棬ɢ䡣
彵٣
αͻȻʧɫƺ֪ڲŷЩ죬żտֿһ˿˿΢ϸľӹ͵͵ʹĻһ£ָϽ˻ȥ
Ǳ彵٣һ˾ֳһֺ죬Ҳ
彵٣ֻʮʿſɵİСֻоŹ֮Ա彵ٴ˵صģ
һʱ䣬ڡ̳ЩŹʿȫסˣؿżգûһ˵ٴζ֡
ӵʵˣԽеҪȵĹƸЧκ˶һ㣡
ȫ̬ǣֻ̼佫յУҪǽ棬ƣʱԽƾͻԽԡ
ΪӵʵˣԵõ䣬̬ˣ޷һ㡣
Сӣ˭ΪʲôıֱУ֪Ƿߣ֪֪ߣα֣ͣ粻ߺߵ
ûʲôϵճһԵң⹫ںδ
ҿЦָָңԶһǳεӦûǸǳսǷֿˣҲ֪ĸǳˡ
̰֮ĺպһͷ˿סУαܣһȸͳͳ£ȷ⹫ºһŵǣ⹫ʲộߣǡ̳ˣ
СӿαܴһŭΪǱ彵پܣʮһһ֣Ҳֻ·һ
𣿡죬һһԪƾֳ
ͬʱһ޴ʹĻٿشƲֳ֮Щͷȫס
ԪһαΪ׵Щһ㿴һͼݵȻ취Ըա
׼ֵʱȴͷƾֳһʹĻʹĻϴ֮ĻϷл桢ˮľơֳ
εѹȻʹĻд׼ȥαֻȻһȻǱһδɽѹϷҪȴָܹ
Ԫһ˲ʮһ˵ǣһаɭϢʹĻЩ΢һʱʮһ˵ȻҪ߽ס
ʮһˣ׷ֳ֮飬һ־ؿе
ǼȻ֪ӦҲ֪Ҫɱǣ׾٣ʵһ㣡һȻֻԪڣûм
޾ɱĴ꼼ԶںܾԶΪ޾һʱΪΪаĻ꼼ʣĸֶη˾һֱΪ
ȻչֳαΪ׵ʮһ̳ľŹʿһʵҲûһ˵ҳƣҶһٴγ֡

ңôһ£㶨Щһ󣬼ղŻعͷһѯʵ
ҳ˴ֱմȣûƽİѯ£ʵʵػش𣺡Ǻ̼̫̫һ𣬴ԯȳ˰ʱǵĿȻΪ˻ǵأԾֱĿĵˡ
ǻǵ֮Уɺأ̳һһǡڡǹȥʱֻСڡļڣԶԶûǵʵǿ󡣡
һֱ֣ӽڡЩָϳǸǵأȻǿռǸطȻǲûи˶ãûüǻǵϵǳ֮ժġڡĸִš̳ľŹʿ˹
ĵˣʵҪǣһսʧأòʹǻǵأһ߽սһĴݣɢ
Ҽ򵥽һ飬ʵϣһϣ̼Һһ˰˲ʵĽɫǿߵݳ˼ҵĻǵأϧǿûɣ˸ϳˡ
⹫ʲôʱҵǵģеһ䣬ٴʵ
ǿռǸطãǸ⹫ȽϡȽϱأǺϣϻȥҪǶðգϧǵʱ̰ɱǣû뵽˻ôԡԾ͡ҿɬ
˵ͷȥΣߺߵǻã
ôҡ̼ҡɽЩһﶼǾȡ˼ƴֵĻǵأǿһǿռȴСߵ壬ʧأҪҡ̼ԯھŲЩ˵
Щļһ˼˵ʹĻαܣŭĵ̲ס˳
ұ죡ؿһۡ
αܺߺ˼£ʵˣû취Ʋˣòͷ
ûмȥѾˣζһߣǲöԡ̳ЩһﶯɱˣҲûϷŵǣ˼ʲô


ֵܣ߿׾ĺţһСߡ
Ҳ̬ˣйɵһ˿˿ĹâǵϷݳΧת˼Ȧǵϡ
ַ˵꺣һַؿ˾֮УҲ
״̬˴һʱ䣬ֵŵâһֵ֣ܣȴһת
лֵܹؽݸգµرԼл⡣
΢ЦŴֵнӹСպãȻ󼧳ղָָ汻ʹĻˣʶЩ𣿡
ֵֻǿһۣ㾪棬ô㣿
αֵܾܣɻ󣬡ôһ£ǿߣô̫ļһߵһˣһǱˣû뵽ǾȻദƺǲǱˣ
ǳ֣һֱһͻҵĽأ߶ǳ䵱ɺļȷ棬һ̫ĸ֣߱ȻɺһΪ͵սʿǳҵҪɱһе̫ˡ
ҲΪڶԴɺ̬ϼֱӣÿһս嵽ǰͷųΪɺ𾴵ǿֻҪɺ˵ĸ֣հ
ںֵһӦ϶ԼմɱŶԣϵһɫȻһֶ͵յϣǳֿĵлݵһ
Щӣһ͡һ£ƺһ仰˵꣬ûϸ˵
ýˣǺҡͷһ̫ɺУһԲı䣡һЩ̫ıСˣǿռǺò׷ֵһСǵأɱˡڡǵˣǶȻҪģ
𣿡ɨһۣ䲻ȵ뷨ʮһˣһųȥ
һֲ״ֻᱻҵļһ
½ǴΣ򼧳գϿҵںͺ̳ɺǿʿɣҪҪõ˵ϿɣȻҪ̫ɺĶԹͲܹɱǡ
Ҹһӡһ£ͷĿɨǺһۣǶʵһ㣬Ҳɱ䣬Ҳң
ڴʱ̱ҲתɷϾȻаĹ磬һ˫貵ǳĿҫۣ
ôˣվ̱漾ֱ˼ԣбǺһۣڵҪɱҰɡ
һˣһзѾͷͦݰ
û¡ҡҡͷյǣӦǰǳұ岻ܹǳǳ֮䴩ֻһνˣԣΪһ
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ףʱţ˳Ǳ̸̸ȥѰһ˵ټϣܹҲһ֪һԭϥ塣
ȴ˫ۣҽڶϢκ˷֡
֮ôҪֵܣǺһ˻᲻ʱģһЩˡ
в죬Ҫеڶ꽫Ϲžű󣬽Щһ򾡡

壬һϷɳȥ˺֮Уǳǳ֮䴩
ҵָʾѸٳһңԶǳϷȥҿؽԼϵϢͷųϣȸӦĴڣ
һǳ֮УֻȭͷһС˵ľ벻Զ߷յҹǣسһǳϷȥ
ͻȻ䣬һĸоԼԼ䣬Ϊ꺣ı仯Ȼʹ꺣еٶȼӿࡣ
ǿ֮зţٶҪǰ屶ֹ
䣬Ϊ꺣󱻿أΪǱ߷Ź۷֮Ȼõ˼ĺô֮ǰûз֣ȫУо꺣ĿضŶĺôˡ
Ҫòܹǳں̵ܶʱڣѾ˶ĿʡĹ


449 
һͬǣһǼΪ˶Ҫһǳ౶
һǵĺ棬һƬǵأ֥ܼǣǵĺ棬һͷ
Ȼſ곯ǵ֮ӣȴܹܵǳ֮йܹйǳ֮ǳǳ֮ڡ
Ҳ˵Щܼ֥ǵ֮УлǴڵġ
̼ҺЩ½ĻǵأǸǵ֮УֻҪô֮ѰǣҲһǳѵ顣
ղûнеһ˶ͣʶſѰһгֵų
շɻ˵֮ǰŷ˴սǺ⹫һ˶ϷֿģȻֿģô⹫϶ٽǱ鲼ĵطΪ֮ǰ϶ǴǱ߳ġ
ʶһεţǵɽ֮УѰκε
źǣſȴûзκεڣƺｻսˣѾתƵսˡ
һ򣬼ճһߵããȥ
ǿκǳ򣬲ںǺͼ֮УǸѾԶɺ̫Ľ֮أ֪ͨʲôط
һֻǿգһ޼ʣûǡǣû֮ǣҹֻ޾ĻҰûиɫʡ
֮ѡôһΪղ²̼ҡ⹫п·ߡ
Ǹ˶ϣǷ˴ս̼Щʧܵһǿ϶ҼȥһǵأǳķǱʱ򣬲κε겨ȻǱֻǡ
⼸ͨɺĸأǼһֱĻ̫ԽԽԶпֱӴﵽɺ֮ǡ
ɺ̫֮սΪҵʱһ˽ɺ򣬻·һ
ˣϸ˼һ²Ǹ֪ͨδİδ֪֮أп̼Һ⹫ݵĵط
ãã֮Уֻ޾ĻҰһ·겻һǳôһδ֪֮أһ㲻Ҵ⣬ԼͷɢСĽţʱ׼ӦκεΣ
ں֮У಻Ԥϵգʱ򻮹ǣ渽ӵ֮ͿԽһŹʿ
ʱӦŤ֪ĳ֣һӰʿ꣬һʿ֪ôġ
һЩĺڶһ֮зٳ۳ң˷ֵʱ򣬺ڶ֮дĿֲʱѾˣݡ

ããδ֪ն಻кܶտûּأȫˣʮʿ֮УҪСοֻ̬ľŹʿ
δ֪֮в֪˶೤ʱ䣬ڼոоƺ޾ͷʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬ʶ֮УĲ

һϲæʶӦķٷȥ
һʱ֮һƬʯ֮г֣ʯ·ûб߼һ㣬ʶȥȻӦͷ
ʯǴССʯȫǶСʯֻȭͷСȴ׹䣬ʯһҴ顢Сȵʯǰкܶʯ⡣
ʯ֮У΢
һϲٶȻӿ죬ʯ֮дֱǴʯȥ
أʯд룬ʼòԽڣԽܹӦǿһЩңЩǳ֣֪̬һ
ͻȻ䣬һ鼫Ϊ޴ʯֳ֮
ʯˮƹҪһЩʯֳ޴ĺ«״ʯϷȻһɻҰɫʯͷɵĹŹֽЩΣҲεģԲ׶ΣһϡŹ֣ȴΰ쳣
УСĽҲаɸߣдһĽֱд½ϵĳɽ룬ǳ׳ۣ
ЩϡŹֵĽڣӰʯϷҲһͷͷӴ̾ţЩ峤ʮףżƬһ㣬ͷһ׳ҵķǡ
ӴЩǰǿŵȮһ
ΰĽ룬һԯȻҪĹ㳡ǹ㳡ƽķΣΧһϵʯЩʯǵħһޱȵӴɲ׶
㳡Ϸһ޴ʯӣʯԣÿһʯ涼һˣӭ泯Ź㳡ϵһ޴ʯ
һ׼
ԶԶǶһʱˣ֮ǰܵϢŷִڶ׷ĶǾ
ЩӴϢǴһΰĽ֮УЩȺȴܷģûһڣ֪ʲôģʲô
оȣ̵ع֮һȻסˡ
ֻһʯϵˣں½ĸ֣ɽͷ̼ҵ̫̫⹫һʯϡ
ʯڹâƺĳµϵϢһסˣˣԶʱȻܹˣȴܹͨʶǵݡ
ڱһĸ֣ȫһ飬˱˵Ľ̼ҡɽ⹫⣬мƺںںͺ̳

ͻȻЩ׷ڵϵĶǾһһվͬʱϺС
ֻΧһΰĽٿءǡ죬һ֣һͻĸƽ̨Щƽ̨ϣվһ׵
ƤƤ˳ªޣһֱվţܲһβ͡
ۣһϵġҰŷܲѪڣһ
ֻһʯϣȻããǶһں̳ľŹʿ꣬ãã֮ļţȴû
ڳž޴ʹ֮࣬־壬û֮ƺھҵţϧȴȫͽ͡
ֻһ˵ҷãã֮зɢ
ۣ
һЩϡŹ֮еġһУԵüΪ˷ܡ
ͣ
ʯϣðããܿأ̳ˣ֮лɢ
Ǹ˷ˣ˵ؾٰǵļƺҪʯϵһһɱˡ
Щʲô
һȻʶЩµǰֻǴ׵ĸ
ţͷ­һĻΪĻƷûн൱ɺһĸߵУֻţѡ
бҪ״ĹϵϢ̫аˣ̬²ЩһĶ֣Ҫ彵ٲа
ۿźڡ̳ˣһűɱܿҪֵ⹫һߵˣڲ֮ǰðȻɱȥʼñķ

ǵϣյĵڶͻȻӵƿȨ
һʱڣֵܲûʧֻǲϵǺ潲ûͷ
һˣֵܵһŬ֮£ԵЩŰɡ
Ȼھ޴֮ǰ滹ͣϢûмֻǺݺݵؿһˡ
ǳ֮ɺһ⣬񼧳˵а취ɺǳ֮ԹٴΪ˴Ҳˡ
ǣҲȷʾˣûмʵʵ֮ǰҪͼձ־룬˵
߲ʵûжã˫ļգȻվ
ɨ˺һֿۣ˿ֵܣȥһطСһ㣬ܡܹŹ֣ǵãСһ㣡
ʲôطһ¼ջẦ
һʱ˵ȥһˣǺ̳ļ֣Ѿ˵ɼƷˣٳ٣ǸӺ̳ľŹʿᱻԿȥǲȥ
һ˵꣬ձ㲻ȥǣʼʩǺͼչˡ
ںǺͼ֮гֵһ㣬Ȼһ£һ̣Ĺע֮£ռŤһ޴Ĺⶴֳ
ߣ֪̱漡Դ֮һʾȽȥ
û˿ԥⶴ֮С
ⶴֻܹάʮ룬ǿǺҪҪԼ˵˺һյıҲʧ
棬ǽȥɣǿЦ׼æ˵һ䣬Ⱥشһͷ˹ⶴ֮С
ֵ˵ôüյĺûٶԼ˵ʶϵĸĹۣ˵ڱɼƷ֮󣬺ˡ
ۼǹⶴһϣ̲סˣŸɶҽȥ
գ룬Щһĸ֣û̫ԥһⶴ
ֱڹⶴ֮ʧˣⶴżʱϡ

ڱ
Ŵӹⶴ֮г㱯ߵ˻һۿúڱһ޴ʯϣֵš
ڱһòһĴŮˣƤڣһ۽ֱһŮˣȻȴǺã˸鼫Ϊ
һܿ࣬˻һɷ֮Ȼ͵سʯӡ
ϧʯʵ壬깥ȥʯ󺣣һ㶼ûнʯӶҡ
ʯĺڱֳ֮ϲ飬
î˾һһʩչ׷׳ʯϣϧȫ޼¡
ʱԱһڵĸ֣ãã֮УѾɢˡ
ȻĲ磬ȴҲһۿΣֱֻҪôһ̣úڱΪƷ걻ããԼɢ
Ψһˣ
࣬궼Ҫըȴûһ취롣
ϵġˣѾ˳ڹ㳡ԱߵļһˣЩȴӶĵؾٰżƺûнһ˷
ңЩ˻ԽԽ˷һۡĴţ֮׹ڣ˺öĲζ
ô죿ô죿
һôԼ⼸ӵʱ򣬶˵ȴޱȵԼӵʱ˼ʮ飬ȴ֪Ρ
棬Ǳֱӽ٣ȻںԵһˣٿؿ򼧳ա
Ǳ壡彵٣
ƺһԺ֮ըһӷӦ˹ڼǰͷȾҾôһãֻҪҺһӸ
ãҰ㣡ճӦ
λһһͷǵĳҫȻֳ֮
һʮ׳Ѫ쵶âٿشӳ֮бâʺ磬ƥһ㳯ǰȥ
䣡
ҵıըڱʯϱʯâ̼֧飬ںڱϵȻ޴档
ʮ׳Ѫ쵶â޼᲻ݣڱϵʯϴݻ֮󣬽̼̫̫ɽͷʯϳסǵһһݻ١
⹫һ飬ڱԴ֮һ飬㽻Դ֮Ӧˡ
һ֣⹫ڱԴ֮£˲ˣôһṦ򣬱˶ͷųɡ


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ʯϵľŹʿ̼꣬䶼ɣЩҫʯһһըʯҷɡ
磡ڱһϲƮݣһգۼ㵽˺ԡ
̧ͷǶԼյһлȻȥѯʺڱôһ¡
̣̱һһ̼̫̫סɫήҵ̼̫̫һӾࡣ
̼ؾȽ⣬̱漺ͬһ壬Ϊ˵ͬͬԴ̱漵Ԫ̫̫̫̫꣬ľԻָһ֡
̱漵İ£ָ̫̫̫̫꣬ƺЩȥգֻغ̱һ
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ڱԴ֮£ѸݵһߣǴݲȣûһĲ΢΢һЦգĵǼʱ
⹫ôһ£ָָЩ硰һˡ
Щ˾סһƬʯǴǸǵس֮󣬺ͺ̳ڵ˽ţһ·Ǳݵ˭ϵʯھȻšüͷѸһ顣
ԭ壺̼̫̫һˣΪ̳ܺڵ׷ɱŹģǿʯһͷ˽ȥʯĴ۸׷ɱ
ϵСһ޴ʯϺͻȻ˴˵ؾȻ̼̫̫Ҫ뿪ûϵЩ˲ˣϿʼֶչ
Щȫʵ壬Ȼʿ֮ȴֻ̬ǣ˵Χ£ܿһסˡ
ڡ̳׷һҲ׼룬ȴһǵĺ󳾣Ϊ˽
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һΰ׳۵Ľϣһ˷׷ȡϡŹֵıЩĳʯ˸ŲͬɫʵĹâ沼СףЩеǹ״еǷΣеԲΣ֪;
ײңң棬ڿ򼧳յʱи˸׹⣬޲ýոɱһ㡣
ɫЩ˵һһɨǵȻ಻һ֮ȴ̲ͬǿ
ǵЩŹ֣ڷ·бŰǳķҡ
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е֮УһЩѱ棬ʶκһ̬ȴ̺ͬž˵
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šԴ֮ͷЩ˵겢֮еȴΪӴǺͰһΪƺĴ졣
ҲˣЩ˵ųȻ겢ûʲôӵı仯ǵǿֻΪǿȻȻɵģһɡ
Ҳ˵ǵȻǿ󣬵֪ϣ϶ԶԶЩڸ֮ǵľŹʿˡ
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һЩϡŹֽϵˣ׷״УȻһĹЩ¹⣬Ϭе֮бɣȻ
һİ׹һɹǿɢ׹䵽ʯͷϣֻʯͷһ׵Сס
һæȵСģ
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յǳУ̫¼ּΪ£̼䣬㷢ǧɵʯһСס
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ͺñȼʩչĻâ΢СΪ߶ȴΪľˡ
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һڵľŹʿ걻׹У̼䱬鿪ӡǱ׷飬ҲûĿԡ
Ӿˣְ׹ⲻſֲĴ͸Ȼһ˿µɱЧЩˣ̫ɺľŹʿ֣ǿƾЩıͻʤ
ɫ΢䣬һǵͷȻֳʹĻ
ʹâ֮ų㼯ʹĻ֮УʹĻԽԽʹʹĻʮɫ쳣
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һİ׹⣬ʹĻ֮ϣʹĻһӡǣʹʹĻϷðƵ̡

հԾһʩչھ޴ʹĻûǧɣЩں֮ı仯֮ǿɱΪ̵ʯ
Ȼһ׹֮£ʹĻȴð̣ÿһ׹еĵطһָͷϸС㡣
ֻһһ׹ĳ֮£յʹĻЩԲˣۼʹĻľ̼˴룬ƺܿͻ᳹׺Ĺˡ
̼̫̫ɽĹͷ½һЩŹʿһ׷׶ܽĻ֮Уһߣɺһˣԥ˼ҲһһʹĻֵĵط
ˣһİ׹ҫ֮£׷ױɱǱߣˣڰ׹걬
˴ЩŹֵĽϷֳЩ׹һż߱ƽ
žžžžžžž
һ׹ʹĻϣɼӴʮʹĻʼҪѵˡ
ãаһɫ΢䡣
ϾֻһˣЩȴмٸÿһжıȥһʹĻѣʹĻ֮еˣҪѲɡ
ߣձһͻȻʹһƣ
գȻֳһⶴǹⶴ֮У˸Ӳӹâͨδ֪ĳ
̱漵˶˵ʶȤһһ룬ԯȵЩˣй־ҪշԸȫʵʵ롣
סЩɺˣոձַ½ģʱᳵ·˵Щѣһⶴ֮С
֮䣬Ե˶һһʧֻһˡ
ڴʱ˫֮Ȼǹ⣬ǹǹⶴ֮ϣһ˲佫ǹⶴϡ
ͣ
ⶴϴĿȼǺͼȻΪһ׵㣬һԺ֮ʧ
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һһ׹֮дٶȿ硣
еҫһӣʮ׵ĵâ˲ѹЩ׹⣬ʮ˵նϡ
ҫ֮жͷĻ֮һâȥΧɱˣȫʬˣѪɽ
û׸ֺ޹˼ɣЩ˴ɱɱڶ̶̼ʱ䣬ЩɱѪɺӣһǺ
ЩеıȻҫӵĿ£ǵõ˼յע֮ҫһʳһеݿһ㣬ܱߵһһնɱ
˱׹Ĵ͸ȷǳǿΪ׹̫ÿһָֻͷϸǵ
׹ǿܹգȻҲûκεá
˵ٶҲһƣǵжٶԶԶգһİʿԼյɱ¾ʱЩ˸Ѳ
һһٸ˱ɱպ顣
Щˣûн൱ͬĸߵ忴Ȼ׸ţһΪƷȻбû顣
ǲǰˣԴЩһﲻҪʴȣֻҪͽɱľܹǷ
һ˵Ѫֳˣ˷ۼȴԼղܹ˿Ӱ죬ҫĽɱ£ȫ
ֳҫһ̣շ·ɱ¾磬ƺҫ֮еΪһ壬ܹܵıɱЩͷʵж˳
꣬ű¶ײеϢͷĻں֮ҫ֮еøӵı壬ɷ֮ҫ֮ԽСֱɵˡ
ܿأһ콨棬ѾҲûˡ
ԭЩվˣ֪ʱȫЩͻԲ̨һȫջȥˡ
սԵȫɱ֮Щı棬Ѿһˡ
ߣջܣ˫Цõô
ҫϵĵâһҫĴӣһâЩ͵ЩϷһҡҡ׹ҵıը֮
ҹһһ糤һĵâһ㣬Ȼһɵν档
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Ǿ޴ν˿񱩵ĵâ֮£Ȼмһ롣
ǽ֮еˣ׷¶֮飬ܶڽ룬Ҳֱ룬Ѫɽ
䣡䣡
ɵν˿񱩵һ֮£ڿʼˣһʧش䵽档
Щĺˣ֮һڼյԣؿ־壬ͷߵ治ϵֹţߵŷħһ㡣
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ûмŶֳ֣ҫǿһǵ̬ϣ֪ЩѾɱˡ
ҹٴαһҫһָָ⼸ΰĽ
֪ЩȻ棬Ҳ϶з
Ȼһ֮£Щˣƺ֪ǲȫһɥ鲻ԸشЩŵĽ֮߳ȫʵʵعȥһҶ
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˻ὲûպȵ
һĿɻȻ˵ʲô
üͷһ壬տһǿˣȻͷųѶҪֱӺ깵ͨ
ͻȻ֣ͷ󺰴УȻ־سżտͷ
ǲУһŭЩ˵ȻǶʶȴΪѷ簵ˣȻΪ򵥵깵ͨ
ǵ̬಻һǵľƺе֮ϣ¹Զ֪ǳĽ׶Ρ
û취û취ͨЩôãԵԽԽ
ЩʵҪȻҲܹ̼ЩһһеıǳĿ£嶼ſֲɱ
Щ˵壬һİʿŹʿеһȣǿϧǼյҫôһǵԵЩˣҫ֮£ֻܹķѡ
޷ͨͲ֪ǵȻԼ˸ߵζԴǵϣһʱЩԥˡ
ʵ˵Ȼ⹫ȴδ⹫ôڡڡ̳Щˣڼ޹ء
ȻбѪԲ࣬ǽһ飬ջ²֡
ûʲôޣֲ˵飬ַǳ棬Ϊʲôǵݣеı
ļͷ죬ƺ˼յĲͷһؾֻ֣һͷǸνﴦææʯͷ֮зʲô
ɻ󣬲֪ʲôؿֻҪʲôĶȻҪɱ
֣ȻҵＧգ޴βʯͷ֮кɨһɽһʯͷȺУͷʯͷ
һһؾϲһԲεʯյǰԲεʯһϸܵߣγɸӻɬͼеαһʯʯ㴫ö
ʲôպߵ
ʲôʲôʲôӦһԲεʯ棬һһر仯־һʱתԲεʯͻȻصƺЩ˵Ļ
ԲʯˣͻȻϲԲεʯߴ˵һͨ
صʼתһӴ̶󣬴ʯ֮д˱ŤĻʯ飬ܹתͨǿ֪˵ʲô
ףһʯϸһһӣȷνʯ飬ԽĻתΪЩԼԣܹ˵תΪĻ
ʯǴʲôطģУǵʲôˣΪʲôΪʲôҪҵ룿һѯʣӼտдʯ֮
һ󣬼룬һҪǸҺ˵˵Ҿͽȫɱ⣡
ԣʯ֮г֮вˣһ־ؿͷ׷Ŀ˵
ʯ飬Ǵ칤ﹺģܾ֮ǰм칤Ͻ칤Щлʯ顣
壬һֱЩʯ棬ŷԶÿ궼ҪмĻ
ǲ֪ЩˣǴѰǶĵģˡŹǰɣ
Ǹ죬Сһͷ޴ͷ­ڵϣһβ
칤壿壿
һ칤˵˵޾֮һǳڴ壬ڴ֮⣬칤廹ܹ;ˡ
ƩϿе̣˵칤崴ģʯ飬ܹתǺһȤȷ칤ֱʡ
Գ壿ֵȷЩ㣬Щŷ
һպȻʶЩŷǴ֮ǰһͷԶž˵һͷԶžڴ֮ǰϲʯ֮ݷʯʳһл
ʱŵǶΪԶžʳ
ʥй֪֮֮ܶǰ飬ԶžҲΪϵ֮һǳײУһڴ֮ǰͺ޼ɵĿ¼һ
ЩԳļһŷԶžΪѵԶžɣ
ôţղɵٴ׷ʣŷǼΪʲô֪Ĵڣ
ûͨʯ飬ҡͷɫãȻǶǵȣһУ汲ǸǣһǣعĻ
عԶžĻ
ɫ΢䣬ĵѵԶžҲڴ֮ǰˣԶžЩȣԼɱôˣ˴鷳ˣ
ɱǣ㣬ɱǣǿ׳Ŀʯ㣡죬ּɫ粻֮һһιߵݣذ
ʯպ˺ߣʲôʯԱסǵ
ܶ౦ĿʯǶǧռģʯȺһֱƶȥܶطȥܶûĵطռ˺ܶ౦Ŀʯǿ׳죬
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죬̧ͷһЩߴߺֻЩˣһسϻ̳Ͽ֣һԶɱ
ЩļһʯжݣȻһʯϣԾСʯϣһСʯѸԶȥʯȺĸȥƺȥȡʯˡ
ۣĿŵˣûҪϾɱһ壬޾һֲ֣˵²֡
ǣˣʵҲûޡ
վվȺţȺЩ˵ĹҪЩеıʯʲô
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Զ޴ĺͻȻһʮ׵һʯ֮˳ȴڹڣ఼ۣ֮һصʯͷЩʯͷ⣬ðĻ档
ƺһʯͷƶ֮£һһ·ȻЩɽʯײɷ飬ôһ·ֱײȻܿһ޴ʯ֮ϡ
䣡
ʯϷһɫףҲŰɫֵĴ󺺣Ǻɫֳ
ɭͫѲһȦһ˵µļա
࣬ںδһŰɫֵļһ
֮ǰȥЩˣ͵͵ִԶʯֳŹڼǰЩ֡
ˣҪΪɱǺܶ˰ոջధ󼧳շŹǵ죬Ϲһɫ׵ļһǰָżյˣһҪɱĳǿɿ٣Ӱ˴˵ˡ
ǹڵϵ죬ЩСʯļһЩ˲ȥռʯˣȥȱȥˡ
һɫװļһ͸¶һϢǳƺΪࡱȻǲǺͼһ壬ڰɫǣҲǰɫĹâ֮ͫͷ­
Щһ֮ǿҪԶԶǿˣҪǣǾͨİ壡
ֻǰӦһ£㷢ǳӣγһµķȻ̽ܿˡ
ǣֻһӦձļһϣܵǿϢ
ϸоһ£ԼԼһҪȵϿ˻ҪѶԸֻϵϢ֪һ϶ǳֺ֮ҿ϶ɱ飬ҪȻϵϢôа
̫д˵أҡ
̫򣿡ûеȼһ仰˵꣬һһֱӻͷѯͬ飺˵𣿡
һˣͫתһת̵˵һƫƧһЩûʮ֮ۼĸǺңԶǸĻǿҪȫʧˣ˵ûʲôֵҲԶˡ
ǶҪȫʧˣȷûʲôֵѹûյռ˵˵ͷɨ˼һۣĿʯ֮أΪ忪ɿʯɱˣҵĿʧô࣬ӰǹڣҪɱ㡣
ɱңȻһЦ𣿡
ɽ´ȥɱļһɭ˫ɨ˼һۣضԵһ֪һ䡣
һһֱûнˣһ˫һӣڼյɨһۣȻһ
ͻȻ䣬ΧһСɽСʯı仯Ȼٿض
ʮ޴ʯЯŷ֮ɫȻżײ
ͬʱڼյԣռŤһռ϶γ˿ռУ͵سżյͷ
һʯ𣬿ռ˺ѳУʲô
ȻɫĿԶԶԤƣȻһʿҪ̫࣬Ȼֱ˺ۿռС
ǾŹ۷֮ǿߣȫӳ顣
壬϶޾ĸߵ壬ǺͰЩһӵиߵǻ۵
ն˵Լܣһʯ׹֮ǰ˲ƵһߣһеҫԴĵâӰռе׷
Ӳӵâҫ֮бڵâӴ£Щ׷Ŀռбı˷λܹոΧɱ
һɱļգеҫһָһʮ׳׿ѪɫâͻȻֱȥ
ϣ
޴Ľ֮ϴػ֮£͵رӲڹ⣬Ȼֻǡ¡¡һƽϢ
տˣޱȣǱıҲһ˲ͷųǿ
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칤ġ;ߡֱǺ֮У֮еԵֵοһŹʿĹ֮ϣļһ֮ǲм
;ߣ
һͻȻӿȥ˼ȵĿ֮飬˫̰Ϊ;ߡ֮ȥĵܹⰵ;߶Ǿ̫ˡ
ں֮УһЩܹǺ֮е;Щ˷ǳǿǻ۾ףҲܹӦãã֮һЩŹֵ
һЩ˵ģǶһЩ˵ȴĴ
칤Ϊ޾֮еɹܽרΪһЩߵ˿ãã֮г;еﱻΪ;ߡ
;߷ΪȼΪ⳽쳽ÿһ;߶Ǽֵ֮Ϊֻǿĸߵ壬вӵ칤ġ;ߡ


451 ᴬ
;߹ΪȼֱΪ⳽쳽а;߻͵ȼ
Ǽ͵ȼ;ߣҲں֮нг;;Եе֣һЩߵܹһ֮ǵһ֮ǡ
;ߵĽ켫ΪףҪӴˣÿһ;߶ǼΪ󣬲ǿ壬͹
̫ɺ򣬼¾һǿҲûа취õһ;ߣһΪ۸̫һΪҲûбס;ߵ
ˣš;ߡ˵ʵΪǿҪȻ˶Ȼûзӵһҡ;ߡ
ҫľ쵶âһ·죬ǰ;֮ϣҲֻǽһ;ҡһûܹһ;߸ݻ١
;ΪҪ֮кУÿһҶޱȣһµķ˵ʮʿȫ֣ѽһ;߸ٵοֻоŹ֮ļգ
ÿһ;Ϸǳ֮ϡȱޱȵĿʯЩʯеȿƶ;ߺУҲܹ߷ķ
֮ǰһȥ;ҫһЩҫĵâȸˣʹõâ˲併ʮֹ
ĵâ䵽;棬޷;κε˺
ɼⰵ;߶ôأһڰ;֮УĻҪƿⰵ;Ƿǳѡ
⻹ֻǰ;߶ѡ
˵У⳽쳽;ߣűȰ;߸ι̵ķſֲĹܹԵγܼĹߵȼ쳽;ߣ˹ؼ汸֮⣬˵á
;ߣ칤ĽһҾϣƺڹе
ǴŰɫֵɽ´ʯĹû˺գɽ´֮еֳ˼ɺ޵ɫʣһֱ;ɽ´ͻȻ
ڶע֮£ɽ´һ˲㵽˼յǰһӲӵαһһڵչӳһɫıӰ
žžž
αɨ˹춼ɫӰһǼ䣬һأһӰʱγܼĴ
ǴƺѸٵţγһݵĶѨѨ֮Ҳǿ͵˱
һİĹâǶѨ֮ҫ·һеľ޿ڣĪ⡣
ɫ΢䣬ֻǿһۣͲǱӰ֮ݵĶѨ֮еĺڶЩƣŽκιɵЧ
ڶΪصһȻĿǰΪֹû֪ڶβû֪ڶɵ˾ǻ뿪
ӰγɵܼУ͵ֳôһĪĺڶ׼Էʵֻܹѡ϶ܡ
Ȼã̫ĵ׷̼䣬̫幹ɵ̫þٿɡ
ˮһ㣬ֻһȴʧһ롣
¶ģֻǼ侲ףؿɶĺڶ
ǺڶҪûʱ򣬼¶ף͵һ̫þ
ڶɹӰ¡
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ɽ´ֹƳȴֻܹڿ֮нƲһ˿ˡ
ƻ࣬ҹɽ´һɫף·ˮһ䶯
ͻԲεĹ֣֮ɫʰ쵣һ˿˿˿һʻ
飡
ϵԲεĹ֣ٿرѣһ˿һ΢ϸʼ֮ε
Щ˿һ΢Сһ֣ͿʼѸ͵ķֳڶ̶̼ӵʱ䣬ͱ˳ǧ򣬳ϡ
ͻȻЩ˿һ΢Сسһӿȥ
һֻһŰĹţЩ΢Сĳ֮һֳ
Ӱصµĺڶھ֮۳Σٿسһȥ
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һ̤ʯ㣬˫Ȼһζɢݳ
ͣ
ζԷκεʣЩǧ΢Сζķ֮£֮ҷȫΪ˵Ị̇΢֮Ϣʹ
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ۿǺڶɶɫƽˮֻǾֳǺڶֳһ⡣
䣡䣡
׵ĺУһöö˶ɫףȭ֮зݳڼǺڶʱ򣬺Ȼը
öĥ̴СɫףǺڶ֮ǰը͵ĳռ˺ѣܼıӰд봫ǿ˱һȫˡ
ռ䶼Ҫˣɽ´ɵĹƣȻ߽ˡ
ɽ´ͫ΢ƺЩＧյĲʵȴŲæ˶ԸյֶΡ

һӰ磬Ȼԭʧһ̣Ѿǰ;Աߣǰ;֮ϵˡ
ˣӵǿϢҲӵɭа죬Ȼĸ֣Ҫɽ´ǿ
һˣ˵䣬ӴʱֳȤζɫżգ˵ͷ䲻ȵһе͡
ɽ´ôһ˵аɱͻȻ˼֣ƺԼˣһɳȥҪٴζԼ¶֡
ɫƽˮȻ仯γ״
ͬʱһööɫ׿ʼҪشȭ֮зݳһöɫ֮Уһ㣬һ˶
ܿأȭ֮ӿٸɫףÿһɫ֮Уٸ㣬һǳ˶
һɿ񱩵֮ԼΪģʼ˷ӿ
Ѿǰɽ´׵壬ٿرʮɫ׸סˡ
ıըʮɫ֮бɫ׼ӣǰ;֮еһ֡
ػ𣬸ӿ񱩵ıըڶĴ
ʯ֮ϵգ׹˸ռѿһӣȥĿռУܿƵطȥһ澪˵˺ѳɷ顣
Щռ֮һʯиһ飬߼ɵĽ֮䱻гɶ飬ˣҽûдͳױָ塣
Ϻϣˣϰɫ׹â˸˸ɫĹâγӣȫס
칤彨İ;ߣ׵ĺը֮УϵǶ;еһʯΪҺ彽һϣʹǰ;ǿⲻϡ
ɽ´Ǹˣȳܲסˣڿ͵׺ը֮£һɫĹâԽԽˣûжãֻһıǰɫ׳ױѡ
ֻһƣͷȴָϸǵļһ׵ĺը֮Ǳӡ
ϧܱߵĿռѾ׷ˣôӣ㲻׵ĺը
һҵıը£ͷдǵļһϵϢԽԽձ׺ըɽڣһ̴Դ֮зݳȴ׸УҲɢ˿
ɽ´ڰ;֮ϵǸС죬ͻȻһ
ɽ´군ˣҲζֿͬסڰ;ߵˣһƲãƺûͣЪļ󣬶Щˡ
ֻǸСģˣͻȻǰ;֮ڣһһҲæˡ֮С
أ˵ӰʧڡǡĴһڣͻȻ˸˸˳Ļ硣
һȥǡ·һͷܹľ޴ħ֣ڡ¡¡Уƺʯڴ߶׵Ĵը£ǡʼȶ
һˣ߶ǡҪӣ֮Уʼ仯
ֻһööĴɢףʼƶ׷׳ǡȥһһǡ֮ϱըǡըֿʼˡ
Ȼ칤廨˾޴汦ܹӦ֮еĸ֣ι̶̳ȿΪ̵Ŀף׵Ŀըƺܹϵ
ֻǡҡҡλһֿʼŲˡ
⡰ĳˣһڡ֮еȫ߷ضڶʱ֮˲Ƴȥ
һ㣬ԲŲϧȫըȥϣ׵ǡƻ
ľ֮£ܹħڵĴ½ʮħһٺɱȻڶԴǡʱ򣬾ȻԵЩġ
һöö׺ըȥֻҡҡȴֹܹ뿪
ǡİ֮У³һƻ࣬еԽԽǿʱ򣬼շɲܹЧ֮ڽ̫þ֮аصϹžű
ʣףһԶӿȥϵײǡϣʱֹˡ뿪ͬʱϹžűʩչֻһſر׷ӿһʯеʯ֮ڡ
ܿأžŰʮһģ˰ʮһ˶ʯ֮ϡ
ҲʱЩȫˡ
ûм׵ĺըЩ֮еĻԽԽʢȵӡбըǡھ޴УҪݳȥ
ڴʱ
һɽʯããʯڷӶԼٶ͵ײǡ֮ϡ
䣡
춯صĳӡϴ˳ǡĻףȻвһҡҷ
䣡䣡
˶ʯͬԼٶȳǡײ
ױϾֻĥ̴СǱըһ޵ĺܣȻЩʯһȴɽҪ
Щʯ޴ޱȣҳطǳͬЩʯҪȸ֮ϵɽؼʮ
ǧɵɽôȻѹ˿ֲҪױըγɵĳ̫ˡ
ô񱩵ײ֮£칤徫ġҲһԲˡ
ֻͻ£ʼҡҡ׹ˣ氼ڵĻ磬Ҳ£Ȼ˿͵֮£ǡڶסˡ
ƺϨˣڰˣȴûһĶ
ϹžűŪһ˶ʯǡĸ䣬ֱӰΧ
£ǲõġʲôʵģҲķˡ
ϹžűǴ֮ǰĿֲʮʿԶŵɱȻֻܹӳɵҲļһ
ϹžűڣһֱӿԽ˿ռľ룬ǡ֮ϣҪ롰ڿ
ڴʱ
дһҵĿռ䲨Ŀǿ⣬ӡϵһŤĿռ䲨ЩڵĹâ
ǿĿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻһʧˡ
ͻȻһֱܹӦ˵ϢǡڵȻ޴ˣ·ǿ˱ƾʧˡ
üͷһ壬͵سǡӰһΣѾͨ˰棬һķ䣬һСȵĶѨÿһѨ֮жвͬĿʯ
룬һԲ̣Բ̲֪ʲôɣںԲһķţЩѭĳµĹɡ
ĸѲһ飬ûз˵ټ⡰ôһ޴Ľ䣬ļһ϶Ρ
Ҫǣſ۾ܹ˵Ĵڡ
Ȼ˿϶ǽñķֱӴˡ
һǿ֮Ŀռ䲨϶һʩչģһЩߵ壬ܷͣ˺ѿռ䣬ĳּƷԼΪۣ˲佫Լ͵֮ϡ
ҲǸߵ壬һܹС֮ıȻݲͣϹžűиоΣգ֪ܹá뿪ֻܹʱˡ
شһմ²²ʵ˵ȥж˵Ӱ
ȻǷǳǿ壬һΣɱɽ´ֱȵ˲òߣ϶ˣһ취
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ڡ֮УϸԲ֮һһͷˮ֪ԲӦþǲٿءķǲ֪Ӧôȥ
ܹٿءǵõҲһѷǺã
ôı޷̫޷Ūд½ȥǶôź鰡
УһҪӲУ
һδγԣḥ̂ͼҳٿصķſҪԲںϣϧԲֻԲ̣вûһ˿ϢŬ޷
޹֮󣬼һط꣬Ϊ⡰ϧɱ壬СӳȥˣҪǲܹߣҪѪɡ
˫ݺݵؿԲ̣˸˸ϵصźԼ侲úõȥǲǽеķùˡ
ûһ취𣿡ôԼ
壡
۾һӡڷݳ䵽Ŀʯ֮ϣĴս֮һ˶ʯǧٿףѳ߰˿Сʯˡ
һΰĽһսȫȻһˣһս֮С
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Ŷһ㶣˿һǰһְԲϡ
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ֻһ򣬼Ǳ㹴һЦݣÿ۾ʼ
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칤ġ;ߡԵǺĸͬ壬ЩԲǻͨģӡҲһˣ칤ŪôһԲ̳Բ֮һԼֱӽٿصķ˵ԺС
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ոռԺ֮УһƼںˣ֪⡰Ĳٿط֪˲ٿءĿʯҪ֪࣬ÿһֿʯܹ
ȻǸʮʿ֮꣬ǰ϶칤ġ;ߡǳϤпӵй;ߡڡ;ߡôϤ
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죬ѾԼճ˿־壬һ˵ֻҪʯͷлЩȥȡ
һЩҲûеˣʲôֶΣһǳʵҺܿؾͽʯȡ
ٿɫ죬⻬ʯЩУһһڷڼյǰ
Ǹ죬ϵؿͷˡǡ
˵ͷһӣЩĿʯ֮˲ʧѯ켸⣬һɳ죬ˡ֮С
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ȥĻһ㣬⡰Ȼӿֳһɾ޴ƶһбֻѾХ

ǵϣ壡̼̫̫̱漡Դ֮ɻһ̫ĸ֣סȺڡ̳ɺĸμվţǰʲô
ԭڴ˵ҪκεķϻϾͻᱬݵĴս
Ȼôĸ־ۼһȴûзսʵ졣
ΪʲôҪڱɺһߣ޺޵ؿŶɺ̼ˣԹЩһɱǵˣǿһǷֵĻǵǲɱǱҲˣΪʲôҪߵһ𣿡
ͺڱͬ뷨ĲʧصĺڵһЩˣһ鱯ߣ޵ؿЩں½ľŹʿ޲óȥƴɱ
У֮ԻʯȺ֮˵ȺҲǱ̫˺ģǽ˺裬סֹЩɱȥˡ
磡ڱ磬ǼһȻǣϾ̫ˣΪʲôôɺǴսô꣬Щޣûô׻ģ
סһȻ㣬˵ĳŵʯ֮ԣֺı䡣
סУΪʲôǺһ𣿡һڵĸ֣߷߲ƽףʵ߲һֱᳫ̫ս𣿡
ƲͬˣΪɺδӦ÷˽˶ԹƳһۣǸˣܹɺµδгһգɺԻָʢüΪǳ֮ɱ
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ղڣֻ̱һ٣ǲ̼ҵĸֻǷɻһЩˣ̱漵ıǿҪǽս̱ܹӳãʵԤϡ
ԷߣȫǾŹ۷֮Ϲ۷壬ϢҲǳŹ֣ƺֲͨ
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һսԷԽǺɨ
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סֵܣͼദһʱ󣬶ǺˬֵýύģǼյõ󣬻û˽ĵˣ˸ǾüѵһϺú
ɫĶϣһһͫɨһ飬һ䵭ʵأ棿
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֮ǧɺҪͼ֮⣬һҪĿġ
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ŶĴɫһԵЩ֣Ȼһ֣ȡߣΪУǵУ
ǳ٣ҪǼյĹͣԡԡЩִ֣̿ٲؽ͡
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ĸϣЩ⶯ƺȤĸϽһ⡣
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ɭɭϢ͸¶һɱ᲻֪Է˴
漣һ㶨ȻҪСһ㣬һЩЩԶ̡̼ҵ̫̫ûĲգ¶Ȼ̼طԸǱ彵٣ֻҪóȻ֣Ӧûд󰭣Ժ󡭡չ˲ˣҪúûȥ̼ңҪ㰡
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Сһе㲻ԾһӾӣ߳վˡһƽᴹͷƺûı仯
үүһᱣģտҹҰ㣬ҲߵġԴ֮ǹһĻȣؿŶɺĸ֡
̫ĸ֣׷׿˲һ߰ͨţһķɢͼѰ·
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һ䣬ϣͻȻһգÿһ϶ɢŨŨճ⣬Ȼһ˲㽫̫ЩϵĻҰ֮ظǣճۼһγһɫĻһڵصĺ룬ٿش
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ԭƲգֱӺͰǻð˲ֱ̫ȥɺ


453 Ϊ
׿֣ǲ˷ġεҹĻЩ̫ĸֱ֮УȻЩĻ䡣
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ڱлҪ˵Ҳ֪Ƣԣ֪ʱ򣬺϶˵ʲôĻһڣȻ﷭ϣԲŲϵֹ
У̫ˣԷǣǲô޳ܣǿ
磡ҪҾͲܹں̳ȥˣһǵ˰ɡڱѡ
һļһȻһ̾
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ѽҪһ㣬һҪռܹ˽˵УСӺͰߣСӾ൱ǵİѱԺǱȻᴦƣ
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ţ׾ͺˡɫһЩʵ¡뿪֮󣬷ǵ飬ϸ˵һ飬֪֪ˣܰսҪ˽СӵһС
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声ţ죬Դ֮Сһðգǵȵȣ浽һ١
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Դ֮ͷŶˡ

޼ʵǿգ˸˸֮е໥貵Ĺâ
ԴһЩ񳱣Χʯ֮ϣӰʯʯùâڣʹʯȥǿ֮пۣǡ
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һۣʱֹͣѨȡһ̲ӴԪԪʯʼԪʯ֮еԪԪʯ֮еԼĺ
ڵԪٿԪʯıϺָ֮һαۣʼѨ
ããѲʱţҲ֪˶ãһѨ͸֮˫ۣԲ̣زŪһ£Ȼ૵ˣѨӦþͿԵˡ
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ȥôˣСΪʲôûлĶϣɫһڶ̫ĸȥƺɱ
Ҳüͷ̧ͷһɫãȻ̱漣϶ĻûܹסѾͷã
ĸʱɡϵ
ѾͷЩ鷳ϾǱ彵٣ֱɱҪƴǲòԥһ£ƺ˼ʲô
Ҫֱɱ˰ɣʡ鷳һƻ𣬻ء
ţҲաϳһ£ڵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦСүүҲڣġô˵ţϵĿ䵽ĹϣЦŵ˵ͷ
һֱ侲Ĺ壣üͷ΢ѶԱԴ֮Ըƴһƴɡ
Դ֮ͷ˫Ƕϡ


454 ħ٣
ϣĵȴѾͷˡ
ۿӵű̱漣ãȻѣڳһºͬ˶ϵ飬Ƚ̱ɱ
ֵܣһ𾪺ͼֹϡ
ϧֵܵޣ̫аѱ˼У˵ĺûǶϵӣɭɭЦţҪȥɱ̱漵ꡣ
ɫãȻ̱漣֪ͷΪʹ걻ͷӰ죬δָ
ֻҪǶ϶֣Կ϶̱漽ûκεĻᣬض걻
̼ҵľŹʿ˫֮Ĺâڰ಻ס͵س˳ȥ
֮û̼̫̫ǰ֣̫̫ķԸҪΪ̼ұʵȻʹȴûг֡
̱񼴽ˣڲˡ
̱̼ҵϣ̼ҵδһαɱˣ̼Ҿĳ군ˣ
ߣһƺ֪˻ᰴ಻סңңԼڵ˷Ը̫̫ĲǶȡˣҲó˰ɣ
ĸڵĸ֣һЦվһֱӵЩ̫ǿǷֵĻǵȻŹǣ
ô˵ţʣĸڵĸ֣һ˳ȥ̼˶סˡ
С㣡Ѱһ̼ҵˣ괫֮Ȼӿ̱漡
ãȻ̱漣类һը׾ѣ˫ָ
ɫ΢䣬еһ䣬æ֡
һźĵĹâų̱漵ȥǺĵĹâУԳϢϢ䣬ƺܹ˵ɱ
̱ͫһڴΣĹͷȻȻ
Ǳ̱޳ĿǱ̽ٿرϢһ̣̱漷·еı̽Ϊһ塣
Ǳ̽ͻȻ仯ֻһı⣬Ǳ֮̽зݳ
ããıϢһ˲̱漣ɢ翪͸¶ųǵı;̼ӳȥ
ֻһ̱Ϊģռ·𱻱ˡ
ǺĵĹâδ䵽̱漵ϣǼȱϢ֮£ȻסˣâڼϢ¶á
һѩǱ֮ڷݳ׵ѩľȻ衣
Ȼѩɺĸ֣ȴһӲˡ
ĸڵľŹʿ겨ѩĽ£Ȼ粽ǰ겨
£
̼ҵˣһ𾪺˫Ǿϲ
£̼ҵĺѧֻо˼֮󣬲ܹ塣
ѩƮ׶̱Ϊģ֮з󣬳˷䡣
ǶϺò״ûüڵʩչȻơ
˸ϺȻ䣬дʧɫû뵽ֱ⣬Ȼ궼ܹӰ졣
ѩƮֻһѩһ㣬һ˲佫ϵ帲ˡ
壬Ȼ̥УҲ޷ʩչϱˣϢʼɢ
ãϲȻɫϽ
ֻͷɫĻͻȻСڴϵַ£ɫĻԼ̱漸Ƕȥ
ɫĻ̱ʩչıⶼסѩɫĻĸ£һʧ
˵ĺǹĻʼ𽥵ļб¡Ӱˣָ˹
澣һָжһ⣬̧һץһŨڱȻ̱漰ȥ
ϹڴʱԴ֮ͻȻаЦǶϵֳ
ϿҲƺûнһײıԴ֮һŨڰ̱漣Ҫ̱ɱ

Դ֮ٺٹЦţſ͵һֻǱҪ̱漵ŨڹţʼܿƵط˱Դ֮
ҲԴ֣֮Ŷ֡
ϺȻ·һ㣬ȻôһسűԴ֮
ѵ׼ִ𣿡һߣ壳һ̼̫̫ѾˣĬȥһģһ
ɱǣɻңһȶ֡
ɱɽĴͷһȣҲ˽ȥ
ͻȻ䣬гĬ̫ĸ֣һӷ׷ͶսȦ
Դ֮һָס̱漵ɫĻ
ǿɫĻڱԴ֮һָ֮£Ȼһ΢СĶڣǶƺԸһУֻɫĻϵĶԽԽ󣬽̱漸ֳ
ĹâɫĻ֮б̱ɱ⣬ִɫĻ֮г
ϹҶտյϱɱ㡣Դ֮ٺЦţĶϵһץ
Դ֮ССƣڶϵ岦Ūһ£ǶϵͻȻǧٿףĲҽУ
ֳȵĿ־֮飬Ť壬ͼӱԴ֮Сѡ
ܲġԴ֮ЦţСţȻӲǽϵ˺ѿ
磡Ϸæ߳
ˡԴ֮Ƴһۣ˺ֽһȻϵ˺Ƭ
ϵӡǣʱ򳹵ײˡ
ȥС񶾣һǱߵΣֹɫȻɫ׼ֶԸԴ֮ͻȻʲô־ؽеߣߣ뿪
ϱϾ֮ĲѾ֮Ķأ֪ԼҲȾһЩϵĿʼ롣
жһԶڵһ֣ҡҷţϢʼӷ
ͻȻ䣬еɺĸ֣ʶ˲ǰԼԺ󣬷Լһ˶ء
ڣ̱彵ٵļˣ̫иͻȻȫˣһóöڡ
ɺĸ֣Ȼʶ˲ǷϵһһҪ׼롣
žžž
ĸڵĸ֣ŴͻƣͻȻػӿֵ͵Ϯɢ
ʲôˣĴϣɫһܣͻȻ¾ˣ
Ȼþûˣû뵽ôǱ¾˵壬ŨŨɫֳ֮
֮Уаħ½ħ֮ȫһۡ
Ȼ¾˻ħ֮ʱվһ
һľȻȻӵʵ壡
˿ҲԵˣҲûƳɺĸһۣӸµظ棬ֻ˱Դ֮
Դ̧֮ͷһȻĵ׷һëȻĸо˿һۣԴ֮һȻеħ
һ£Դ֮ɫٱ䣬ٴμУԣ㣬㡭㾹ȻںǺ½ħ죡


455 ı
Դ֮һغȻԷϵʱûһľԵôݲȡ
¾ˡħ̫֮һ꽵٣޶ԣƺûнַȻ¾ǰ˺ɫˣ
ħ
д½ϣɹһ߻ħǰƳа꼸ʲô̫Ϊֲа֡
½ϣϹžű֮Уһ˵ĻŤ仯γħʳŹʿϵֲ̬̬ޱȡ
һħһħȫаޱȵҲ̫˵֣
аȻںˣ
³ĹħǸ½аɣ꣬ǲĹħ

̫ϣΪаΪ֣壬Ųԣ
Ŀֲ֪ںһȻκֻҪһ룬ͻ֣̿а嵽
Դ֮Ҳ⣡
ôǸں½ħǱ
Դ֮ɫһ˲仯˶Σÿһζѿ֮ϵطԼȴѰ
ס¾˵壬΢΢ŹħѶЩӴߣɺһֱǵжԷ㿴
ħһ˫ľȻӣڴӱԴ֮ջأŤһԶԶȥķĴϣ³һں̡
һƺ̣ɢ֮УٿأһаϢӿ
ĴϣѾһӳȥããǺˣȻ֪ʲôǣĴϾȻǱεץס±
ڡ̳ˣɫ䣬׼ܣȴǹħһץ
žžž
Źʿ̻꣬һ͵رӡ˲
ڱʣļ̳ˣɪɪǶһҶ
̫ߣЩڸ֮ǵĸ֣һ״ľ֣ΪǺ͹ħǱ߽Զ׼Ͻߡ
վסԴ֮һ侲ֻҪһɣħѾǵûܹס
׼ݵЩˣһ¶֣ԥ
Ҷ˭˭ͺһһȻ
ЩʵȻһ̾׷ԴһϢɢƺڰʲô
̱漺̼ҵĸ֣Ҳ䵽˱Դ֮ԣʱƽϢеİ⣬̱漵ʱԴ֮ô죿
ĳϣһڱԴ֮УĸҲӲˣ״֮£̱漲òǿԼ侲
Դ֮޿κεҡͷɣϣܹЩϻҪȻĻû˵κ˶Ʋ
̫ĸ֣ʵ˵
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ڹħ¾ˡħаˣµĸ֡
Щɺĸ꣬һһ֮󣬹ħɨһۣ˵ͷ
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¾ˡħ֮аͷӣûжֻ֣ǹ˳վڹħ
ˣڼˣÿһ궼̶ͬȵȻ˵ִ˵أȴǾȣûһ˿˵ļ󣬲֪ͨʲôָˡ
ԭǺ̫һۣȴȫڹħ£ɼĹħжôĿֲ
¾ˡħߵ˶ɺֲľյʱ򣬴ӳȥķĴϣĳε֮£һһ³˹ұȫϣ̫ĸվš
ĴϴʱһңǣЩɺĸ֣סкͺ֮⣬ÿһ嶼԰
ڱ¡ˣ϶ɫ֮һԵƣ
ǱԴ֮Ľ
ĴϾֵؿŰȻڻҰеĹħŹħ̫һۣǾʵʲôˣ
ħûд𻰣ֻƳ˱Դ֮һۣʵأ
Դ֮Ц˲֪ħ˭᲻֪
ǹħԭڼг˴ħĺ±ƻħں½һ㳹
ħħﶼԼպ֮ǣںָ֮ٹ̵ĺȻƺֻԽԽ̡
ڣӦáӦûܿԴ֮Σе̾һòش
ħһۣľȻص˵ͷҵ
̫ߵˣһ֣ʱǶ˹ħҪ˭ˣѾϴôʱ䣬ȴɲأǰԲ²⼧ջѾʲôˡ
ղǹħô죿
ЩֻҪһ룬ȻΡ
ء
ڴʱһ̳ľŹʿȻŤ̼䣬˰ɫ棬ȼ
ɺĸ֣ʱ˶ؿ̫ߡ
ŹðɣԶ̫ͷ治֪˭֣ȴ֪һжʱ򣬹ħǻδ֣϶ʩչصˣ̫ĳ֡
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͷҵܵһ·ɡ
¡ҲɫʰɫԵԽԽˣȥҪ˶ã¡Ҳ˵ĺ󳾡
¡뿪ȥѶϢˣ֮¡ΪĬһҫʱ¡Ȱ裬ΪûеõĺôѾվһߡ
ˣҲ˶
Դ֮һ޶ԣʲô֪ͷĿ
ء
һɺĸ֣屻ɫ渲ǣ̼ҷ
ڱ¡ˣԼͷһɫʹ࣬ǿ־壬ֱһ̣˲⡣
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ϣ¾ˡħߵһЩˣɫĮȤ档
Ѿ㹻ľ䣬ʱ۷֮Ҫľ˱жԼ޹أֵù͡
Щɺĸ֣ЩǷ˶εսǵУЩɺĸ֣Ҳ޵ĵˣ˱ɱǵȻˡ
ħľȻֻƳ˱Դ֮һۣ˿˭µ֣᲻֪
ħƺҲù£˱Դ֮һۺ󣬾ͱͷȥ


456 ޵
ˣǱߣǺ桢סˣĴ֮⣬ʣĺ̳ĸ֣ȫ
ʱţǶоһţӰһεĴ֣ѾĿǵĲϣÿʱỵ̈ǶҪϢĸо
Դ֮ͷ΢΢ۣ˯һ㡣
Сһڿˣԥһ£˵ǵȷǻивϰ㿴ǲǣ
ǾǻţҲ𲻵ʲôãءԴ֮ͷСֹһ䡣
ڹħǿ֮£˭Ƕ֣
ɺĸּһᱻ̼ɱȲǣڱԴ֮һġ
ΪѾעҪˣ
ȥǺ桢סˣҲǱƲѰ壼Ȱ˵
ţ֪ǱƲѣûжȥˣ֮ǰ˵һ䲻˵ĻѾˡԴ֮޶ԣȴ̧ͷ˹һۣүү̫ĴˣˣӦܵͷ
⡭һ֪ͣȰ˵ˡ
Դ֮ûȥɺĺ桢סˣ·ĵҪһ˶ɱԵ޶ԡ
ˣԴ֮ʩչͼȥԸŵ¾ˡħߵЩˡ
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ſԽ¾ˡħߵĸֶȴ֪ѽħɱҪûֻãˣҪһУǻûһˡ
ͼ뿪֮ǰնҪչ˺ù壺̱漣˵ԲܣȴòСġ
ˣѡ˷֡

ڡ
һУ֮ļգȻľ֮ϵǹһѨȻȫȥ˹âվ
塭
ǰԲڣһֻԲתһȦָһµεķš
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ֻǣûϵԷĻô죡
ҪҪ
ʼԥˣֻҪУǱ൱Ϊָ˷򣬶ԷһѭѶ׷һȥԷͨҲããѰ
е㲻İһҡޱȣ֪ˡĲԺ⡰ֱӰܹԯȵһиȫߣֻҪһľҪһġ
ģƴһѣʱúǺͼߣ
ϸһµʧ¶ģʱ׷Լĵʲô֡
սսҪûϣǺͼ˲뿪кǺͼһ·ڣǲԼİΣԲŸҶһġ
һʱ䣬ڡ֮УԲ̲ϵת
ɫ΢΢һ䣬һ濪ʼˡ
оˣ
ҡ⳽Ǳȡһȼġ;ߡ׷ĸ֣϶Ҫӳȥһ
ʱѾǸǣбԴ֮⹫ŵǡ
ô죿
ٴѵѡ׷Ȼ϶ĳ֣ҪôҪôǰС
һܹȫĻȻὫвһ棬ͷۡ
Ȼһ쳣аĲһ洫ܵһ쳣ϤӴϢϸһһȻ૵
۾âڣһ뷨Ժ֮йһ飬ٿأٴ¶ģٿšǶȥ

䣡䣡
Ȼ䣬ңԶǺڣľ޴
֮ϵˣɫ΢䣬һ̧ͷǿա
ħľȻڣٿرаɱ֮⣬͵ķ
һҾ޴ŻߣںǺ֮УǺ֮ҵһԣЯӴϢ߷
¾ɫȻһ䣬ֵף칤ɽ챦ܹУаˣһ޾֮еĸߵ壡
¾һ֣뵽޾ǿı壬ЩĻš
ħûһ˿еػӦһ䣬ͷ˱Դ֮һۣˣһˣҶҪˣ
ߣԴ֮һ
䣡
ھ޴ĺУǡǺ֮нٵһ֮ϣ֮ͣǡ֮µĻ߱ȫͣˡ
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ѿһڵĶѨȻзɳվǡ֮ϣֻǿ˹ħһۣȵħ
տգں˺½ֵħѾˣԴ֮ѡ
ףһǹħۣ¶ɫʡ

ֻǿһۣڽڣħϣȷһϢһϢȻеǸ½ϵħ
аںϳµĹħħȻӿ£
һɫ䣬Źħ˵ͷϲ㣬ϲٴͻơ
ĸħľȻͫͻȻ˼ɫҵܾãˣҵһģ죬Ҫ˵ˣǵӣ
Դ֮а֣յڸǺʥ޵ľѪԹħ˵պͱԴ֮ļֵһҪٱ
ҲΪҪں֮Ѱǵԭ
ǰ˴½ϣħħںԺԾаɨ˴½˴½Ϻų޵еġ¾ʧأվ¾˶־ˡ
ںħĹħаﵽһΪֲľأҲһλýòаǻۡ
̶һ֮¾˵İ֮£ħշ˺ħߣƿ̫Ϊǿа
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¾˸Щ鱨϶ջȥ¸֪˹ħħټаħۼǰ
ķôѪħҪõģǼպͱԴ֮˵һУ
ǣȻ΢΢һЦ̧ͷԶǺ飬Ժ̸ɣڣս׼ɡ
ս׼¾ɫһ䣬ǡһⰵӺδǲǡǲǴӱĸߵģ
ٺ٣ǡ¾ˣȻһ¾ͶԡЦЦͷ⡮ȷҴģţҡ⳽Щĸ֣һҪˡ
¾˴

䣡䣡
ĺԶ˳ֻҰɫĴ󴬣һǹ֮зɳţǴ󴬳ףһ޴ʯ治Ļơ
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ݣݣ
ͻȻԲ֮бһĿĹâǿӲӣһǡ
Ͽյ¾ˡħߵľŹʿ׵壬ǿ֮󣬵ɢ
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һʱ䣬ϡϵľŹʿ׷Ǳӣһǿĺ֮£Ǻ
ʱ̫ɺ򡢹ħʱֹͣ˶ţֻűȫԼˡ

⳽Ǳȡߵȼġ;ߡ⳽ں֮кУſµĹǹؼ汸
ڡ⳽ǿ֮£һŹʿ걬鿪ӡǱĨȥ
ħǶٵǿУѾǧٿףȴָ̼糣

ħһԷͻȻϮŭˣһ˳ǡ⳽ȥϺڰˣں֮ɫһϯˡ⳽


457 Զ
һǹħŭ̲סš⳽ȥаϲΪһӹ⣬ȻڱԴ֮Խ١
һأһץҫ䵽ġ
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һε⹫壡̱漡Դ֮һץסֱԶɽڷȥ
Щǿ֮¶꣬һȻʶʲô׷ѧǣܱߵɽ롣
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տգЩһҵĶҪҪԴֵ֮ϣָָԶļɺˣѯ
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ǵ֮ûãĳϹˣϹ֮ϿʼԴ֮򵥵Ľһ顣
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ٺ٣ҲôΪġ
飡飡
Զ֮ײһ˼աԴ֮ߡ
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ŭĹħҡ⳽˳Уʼֹ
ħҲ彵٣˴½䵴һʱ֮ڣۼ˼ΪӴһ֣㽫⳽֮ˡ
ǡ⳽·ھκ֮У׵ġ⳽ڹħķ֮£ȻҡҡλΣѾܹҶˡ
ʲô
ʲôΪζ֣

ǡ֮У˷ŭֻǡ⳽ҡҡһһǵϿս٣Ǵں֮ˡ
ĸ֣ƺܹںֱ֮ǼȻǳ⳽ȻǾº֮޴ڵĿֲ
Щ˵ŻԵ˺
壬ӦþǾһ˺ĸߵ壬ҲķѾʣ칤Ū;ߡˡ
Ȼһ⳽ںˣĸ֣ϾͲٶˡ
һɫ׵ĸ֣ͻȻǡ⳽֮зݳĸһſӣһ䵽ħϡ
һһ̣ŹħգͻȻδ֪
ĸĸ֣ͬʱһĹâֻΪһǰһŹħϸһʵİ
һҡ⳽֮УͻȻһǸõģǡˣ
㣿̧ͷһҡ⳽ˣ潲ǸļһǴߵǸС졣
ң벻ɣıĺܿ죡СӣҪΪܹʩչ󷨣ܹ޾УҾ֪³ڡ⳽֮еˣ
ԭߡӡ⳽֮߳ŹħǸԣؿļա
̧ͷԹħº޹أ飬òҪ¡
ȻħĲ֪ħǣҲ¹ħֻǾ鷳ѡ
ҵģħľȻûһء
ߣһɨ˹ħһۣ⸽ǿֻһո壬ñ֣֮һ˵ԲĶ֣
壿ħľȻͫڣֳһ˿̱ĺ⣬ͻȻ̫ɺԺ󽫻ҵأ壬Ҳ⣡ȻˣǾͱˣҪһζ
һ䣬ħһ磬Ȼ˶ĸ֡
Ϊ׵䣬ɫͻȻһɫâֱһչֱ֮ͻȻٸ
ÿһֶǸģ˸ǿӲĽٸֱۣȴӳ˲䵽˹ħ컯Ϊ֮С
֨֨֨֨֨֨
ٸ֣һ֮УȻɫ̲֮ؼ伫Ϊµ׵֮
ħľ޴壬ٸеɫ͸䣬֮͵زǱ紵Ʋϵضš
⡮໡硯ζΣԣһְڶţٸֽħʼ˺ѡ
ɢֻǹħֳǧٿףðŨŨ궼ƣ
ġ໡硱Ȼܹ˺ħ
ĸˣһؿŹħֳ֮һ˿ڽ֮⣬ƺùħҲˡ
ǲˡԴ֮Сֹһ䣬૵ħҪôöԸͱ˲֪ٴˣԶ󲻵ħжô¡
Ҳôħķѵ壬һޱȵģЩ֫䶯ţһ̼䣬ħָ
ǡ໡硱ڲϵط⣬ȻħȴȻƺѾˡ


458 Ի
Ĺħһ˿ӦģŪġ໡硱Ҳֻ˶ݵЧ
ܿģħָֻԭЩ໡硱ͷţ̲صּӴһȻȴԹħѾˡ
ħϣؿŶԣ찵ɫаȻ
ʱĸ֣
ȻĶֻǹħȻԭʧֻһɿ͵ٿسǰ
ˣȻɫͫǾ֡
СĽطţϵİɫףһҫԣγһĤǵȫסˡ
֮ģħ壬һͻأس֡
ħһץ
꣡
һ㣬һϵĹĤ͵ر鿪
ħһֻ֣Ȼ÷絶ǰɫϳһ£һѽǰɫ˺ѣֱ
һͷǣֱͭǮһ컨Ƶˣһֳֵ
ˣһŰ˾ŷֵƣֻͷдǣֱƣƤѻޣϰʮһ㡣
ݣǱħŵˣȻ׼ֻɱħ
ϧħȴûиĻᣬץ˵ֱۣһֻһ˵ֱۣϡ
һְֻϣħײеץĶϱ۴ãڴڵؽѪͷѪɽײ֮

ĸ֣ɱĴ̶嵽˼㡣
ؿŹħֱ۳Եָоǡ¡ݵģһ̣ķߣƺһӳˡ
ħ̳Եٶȼ죬˵ֱۣڼӵʱ䣬ͱԵøɸɾ
зľֲҽδͣϢħһֿһᣬֱӽͷ­ӲϳϣѪȪһӿ
֨֨
ħ죬Ŀһӱɾľ޿ڣһڽͷ­ȥľ׽š
˵꣬ҲħûϢϱĨȥ
磡
һˣͻȻĽ䣬ϵȻҫӲӹââֳһԲԲ͵سŹħȥ
֨֨
Բ֮УͿӴֻձиɼô
ߣħһԲӶץеĲ֫á
Բڹħȥ綹һ㣬ħ·ֳ롣
Բȥ֮Ƿֳ壬ͻȻðһѪͽǣѪѪҲһ˲һ
һʱ䲻ħг壬»ָԭ
죡ԣ͵ؾһеʲô
ħҲŲ֫ѪѪζ˱ǣǳԵĽζԵĸˡ
ع⳽У죬ɫ䣬ҲǱԵˣæš⳽֮зȥ
ʶħĿֲˣûҵħķ֮ǰɲҼ屩¶ˡ
һҡ⳽֮еļĸ֣һҲǾֵĺвѣᵽ˹ħĿ֮
ħδ׷ϣֻǼеĲ֫ҲĸҴææ롰⳽֮еˡ
ɽڵһЩ̫ɺĸ֣͵͵ϣһзëо˿־塣
̫ײˣ
Ĺħʵ֮ȻԻˣĸ֣ôˣ˭
պͱԴ֮ҲǴͷۡ
ǰܶడտգҪСˡԴ֮ĵ
Цŵ˵ͷεԭЩļһԸģ޾ĸߵ壬һһ취ûа
ҡ⳽һ˵Ļ࣬һͣһϵġ⳽Ȼط˺ǿա
ҡ⳽˼׼һƲˡ
еáһ˳Ժ󣬹ħĨһ죬һ䡣
ô죿һҡ⳽ϣͼйһ֮ԵǸļһһ䡣
ǼǵˣΪɱǵˣܹȻǡ⳽֮УԵĻţǻҵԸķģǻ̫һΣɣߣ
䣡
ĺУҡ⳽ǿƶ֮£ֱźХȥһ˲㲻ټ
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һͣġҲٹˣڹħĿֲв֮£ļһʶ˹ħĿֲ֮
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պȻüԭΪΪ޾ߵ壬ôҲܸħ鷳ģҲ˺ħһ
ϵЩļһﾹȻôãһƲԣȻ𲻱ˣҲҪˣôƨˡ
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ôţղεעϵĹħֵļһҪ䵽Լͷϰ
ҪˣħҲע¼еͱԴ֮ϣֻҪҾͿٴν
һХħŵµļպͱԴ֮
ߣԴ֮һСС֮ϣȻֳɫʣڽҾûô
һ䣬ֻԴ֮壬ͻȻ仯Ϊһɫ̣̼䣬Դ֮ѾʧһɫƣǹħǶȥ
˭ͬ˭˵׼أ֮У˱Դ֮
Դ֮һ֮еɫɫʼı仯ϳɸɫǼ䣬аϢ֮пʼӳ̼䣬Ȼǣ
һɹǰ㣬𽥵ǿ
̶̼ļ΢ϢȻǵأһϢȻǣޱȵӴ
ȻȻҲûͣͲǰħǲϵͷųӴϢıԴ֮¶һ֪˵ı顣
һǶһ޶ģ֪ĽãֻҪܹõҾԳˣ
ô˵ţħϱɱľĴ߷֮£Ҳͬ쿪
ħ壬ҲŨŨĺڰȫסˣһͬӴа֮бأ
Ȼ
̧ͷ̫аŴͷųӴϢһ̣ɫоĪ
ħôǿ󣬿ͷų˿ֲϢ⡣
ǱԴ֮
һֱһıԴ֮˭֪ڲ֪䣬ȻҲӵ˿ֲϢ
Ȼ֪Դ̬֮ȹħֱͣһ̣ŷСԵС
ԭϢ䣬Դ֮ȻҲ˵ز
ûйħļƻԴֻ֮ǺһľŹʿʵ൱ء


459 οɣ
ۿűԴ֮ѾӵӴһɫ
뵽СһԼԣͲֹͣĬĬħһֱûܹʲôȺ;Уһֱǳ˳
ܹǺĹֱûҲܹīӴʳ
ּһͽˣ
ֻΪһֱԼߣвŻûע⣬Ƕ֣ȻԷĿ֮
һ뷨Ժ֮ӹսʵ˱Դ֮ǿǿ
˼ʱϣħͱԴ֮Ѿһ
֮Ľ棬һȻͬ˵ǽ棬˵໥ͬû
ֻһǵϣγɵȻӿһɱԴ֮仯ɫƣǹħ仯ĺɫ̼佻ڡ
ͣ
ϴ죬ֻ֮侹Ȼð˵⣬̣зݳɢ֮䡣
ͬаϢһһǶܵ˲֮ðĵ⣬䵽ɽϣɽϵʯ¸¡졣
΢һЩ޴ʯȻ𣬳촷ۡ
Ľ棬໥ͬḶ́˭ܹռϷ磬˭ܹȽԷûյԷ
ϣȻĵؽϢɢݿСظӦš
һʱҲֵʱ
Դ֮͹ħγɵڲ֪䣬ѾϣԼԼ䣬ݵ֮ããǺ
ɫǺɫ֯һ𣬷·塣
Ǳ仯̬ǵϢʱཻڣ˴жԷ
£ְԴ֮ҲҲʵķΪڱԴ֮֮УǹħϢĳ֣ұ֤˺ħ
ˣؿϵһʱ䣬ȴ޼ƿʩ
ϣһ̫ɺĸִ֣ɽڷݳˡ
ҡ⳽ѾȥϲһǿⱩɽµˣʱΣգð
̫ǱߣΪӪһǴԯĸ֣һ¾ˡħϵ
ɺǱߣֻпˣֱסСˣɺĸ֣֮ǰҲɴضɽɽס
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Ѿжˡ
ĴϣǺ̳ˣʱڣڶطȫɢˡ
ʣµסСˣһʧĻı飬áܵܵˣʱʱӹżһ˿ɫ
ʱ˶֪ǱԴ֮ˡ
̱ڷɻɽЩ֮Уԣ壵ľѾָ۷ˡ
ȻԯȣͻȻҫ̱漵ԣ˵úǺͼ򿪹ⶴ
˵صսǶﲻæ꽵ٵһˣֻΪ׸ԽԽá
һ˶ˣԶǵͷĬˣ壶һСģҲ˹ⶴ
̬ˣ̼ߵӰ٣ֻ̱ʱֵҿܰ㣡
ҲȻȥɣ￴ţ˵һҲҪտЦܹʲôæħǿܹģʲôֶʩչԲܹħӡǻȥ
ܹæ̱漼֡
ڻȥҿ⹫ǰæˣġЦЦٺ̱漷ϻⶴһգȻֱӽ̱ûȥˡ
棬¾ˡħߵĸ֣һؿߣƺҪԼճ֣ȴǹʲô
бЩһۣպٺЦһãǿ
һ䣬ԪȻֳ̼֮
Щ¾ˡħߵľŹʿһԪֳ׷¶ֵ飬æźܡ
Ԫ֮дɱϢǳԣ̬ЩһųȥӦʶһԪ֮䣬˲䱻ɱˡ
ȻǿԪĿֲ֮ˡ
ܣûôףЦ˫ݳȥһööɫҲ׷ȥˡ
𣬻ףɱֻҪɫ꣬˲䱻ĵ

˵Ļ꣬ɫһȻ鿪
ĵˣǲܿƣس߷ӶԪ֮еӰ죬ǶԵЩֵס
¾ˡħߵ˶һܵӰ졣
ףǣ¾֮ϺС
лãôһУ֣֮
ͱԴ֮ĹħƺһãֻϷֳʮĶشСĺɫٿؽ¾ˡħߵĸסˡ
˿˿˿˿
Ǻɫ֮дֻ¾ˡħߵĸ֣һ걻ֽ⿪
ҪףǿǶĹ
¾ˡħߵĸ֣һ׷׼Եޱȵľ֡
ϧ£ǹħֻҪԼ̶ȵķӳ¾Щ˵꣬ǡɿһ֮
ܿģаľŹʿ꣬׷ױɫûˣѸٱֽ⣬Ϊ˹ħһ֡
Ź֮ĸ֣һǹħĶ֣οֻǴ̬
ؿаĸ֣һһسΪħ䣬ɫޱϲֽ֪
ڹħҪʱЩһﾹȻҪħע⣬ⲻ
ħûһ˿ĸ飬ǵ
ǲ£˵ħעⲻǣ᲻ǣǴ󳳴£ǲǰ
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⹫һȥҲǺ»ᷢ顣
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ݺ̫аԣô֮䣬Ϊ˹ħĵģܡ
Ժ̫򣬰˴ǿʵˡ
¾ħߡ˽군ˣ̵߽ˣǰ챻ˣڵĳüˣǲ֪٣̼ҵ̫̫Ҳɱˣ̼ҵıĸҲ˲ãɻǱߣƺҲֻһˣɽͷ
ڲ֪䣬̫ǿû䵽زˡ
ɺһߣͬǲҲ̶ãѾڡ̳ȫû
ⶼǺοɣ
ȥ̫ɺ򣬲ǳ֮ȫʧŹʿҪˡ
ң
ͷһۺ桢סˣһ̾λ֮ϣֻˣ֪ǲģǼȥҪӣͻᱻħûˣ߰ɣ߰ɣԽԽá
˺һۣ֮жȻûкͼն˵һ֣˴ɽðϢشһ߳˺ת˲


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桢סˣûɵ޿ɾҩĵز£ʵʵĵشһϳˡ
һߣټһϣ֮⣬ֻʣôһˡ
һ̣շˡ
ûԴһˣ
Ȼԭϥһ֣ٿش𣬽С
Ϣ״Ŀȥϵ쳣ֻۣȥΧһС
̫¼ľ裬ľ֮£һʲô˳һ˿򣬽ʶ쿪ȥԴ֮͹ħϢ롣
̷ǳѣȻû˸һʱ֮󣬻ҳһЩߡ
ٿأ꺣֮ڣƺһ
еʶ˳һ׷ѰȥǼ䣬յ꺣֮·һ޴ľ棡
ܿģ⻮֮꺣ķ·һ޴ľӡ
ڣϢΪǧ˿ƣһֳķʽڽŷĶ
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䵱Ǻ½Ϸֵħ֮󣬹ħ̬ٴη˱죡ò꣬Ҳһˣ
·ֻ֮ҪӵӴѾûʲôˣ
ÿһħ̬ᷢ仯궼Ÿı䣬ɵԽ࣬Խǿ仯Խ
ֲʳ𽥱ò̫ҵӡǣ᳹׸ı𽥵ɥʧԼ̬һ̬
һ̫꣬಻ͬ꣬Щ֮еļӡǣıԭһУĨԭ䣬ɱļ䡣
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ּ˵Ľ·;ϣħڶʱڻ˼ΪֲѹһУȻȴȻǳ˱Դ֮
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ɣҺ壬ɴҺ֮󣬿ԳΪǿĴڣǿԺ޾򣡡
Ľ֮·ǴģһգûʶĶûʶûǻۣǿкã
ܹҵһҵѶ֮аķֻʶһܹõ


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ħӵĶԪأӵ˱Դ֮ǲ֪䶾ɱɺεȿֲĴڣ
ʱ򣬱˵̫ɺˣ޾ڵĸߵ壬ҲѰԸİ취ˣ
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һϢ֮УͻȻֶһϢһϢڼգ
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ݳǧ˿ƣֻ΢ϸһ꣬ſڴ۸ӵ֮á
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Ϊյļ룬ռ˾ϷĹħҪֳһӦôһħԸԴ֮ȻҪһ֡
ԭ֧ıԴ֮»Ծ
ʤң
ħٴη仯һϳΪ̬֮У͵شǵصͷ
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ÿһħɵ꣬Լʶͼ䣬ǵȻħõˣȻЩʶͼ䣬ȴǹħҪܹġ
һֱЩʶͼϲŭֵڹħ֮Уѹס
ħԼ֪һЩʶ䡢ӿ̼ЩһֱСѰЩʶ䡢ķϧȴûгЧ
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Ƿݳ̺֮꣬˵ʶϽˮһûˣȻܹռݷݵƿȨ
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Դ֮ʶ飬һͷ֮ʼƾŶЩ䡢ʶϤȥԴ֮յʶ
ǱԴ֮Ǽգ궼ֳǧɣÿһ֮Уֻһ΢ʶ
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̫ʶ䡢ϲŭÿһ΢꣬ʹǵʶӴʶûˣܹۼһ˿
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İ⣬ʥӴϢڵصÿһ䣬³룬ɫĵΣشӵصֳԺ󣬼վ֪ҪĿĵˡ
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Ȼǡ΢΢һЦ˵ħжôǿĸᣬֽ֪϶Ķ֣Ҫһ顣
ʲô飿һ˵ɱħһ
˻һʥ޷ȫĬ֮һֳӵɫƺ˾ԶĻ֮С
ǵϣոӦһ˼֮飬·ǰʲô飬ڻӦ֮һʱܹ԰Ρ
һʥ޵ո֣ʲô飿
롭뿪д½ˣôĻָǵԴһ֮߳ȥˣȻǻǷȱһЩԣϣܹõİ͵͵̾Ϣһ£Ȼ˵
뿪д½һؿʥޣ֮󣬲ʣΪʲôҪ뿪
Ͼǵļ԰ҲԼļңҲиͬ࣬뿪д½ȥǵĵطûǵͬˡ֪ܲ⣬˵ֻǵļ԰ŻйСȻ૵
ؼңʥҪؼң
зϾˣؿˣǵӴǴӵص֮гд½᲻᲻ڣУΪǵĴڣд½ŻôŨԪһ뿪᲻̫Ӱ죿
ߣ׻ͺһСӣǲǲԸǣ
ǲԸǣд½Ҳҵļ԰ǵ뿪д½Ϳ̿ûҡҡͷɫ
İɣǻؼȻӰд½һЩⲻ󡣡˰׻һۣߵ֪żѾôˣƢҲĥȥһЩ˰ɣ
ôһɣ׻üͷûм˵ʲô
д½ôʱ䣬Ѿıд½ĵص׽ṹǼ뿪ˣд½ԪҲ̫Ӱ죬Ϊд½ԼۼǿеγԪһɷġ
ʥ΢΢һЦΪӴҪ뿪϶һЩӰ죬ѾֹˣǻѡӶ֮гǻƶĹУرȻᷢ𣬵췭ظ
ʥԴؿôֻҪȥܶǰǽ̵½ϵ֮ԭϣܹһЩǵϧӵӴ֮󣬵һ¾ȻҪɱǣǵԼǿ󣬰
ңһ£ʵ
㣬ѾĬĬؿô֪꣬ǲͬ˵ͷֵҪǣѾƿ½򣬲ӵ㹻
ˣħô죿ʡ
ģһĸħΣգǿ϶Ὣħȥ׻ʱڣżյֻҪǣ֮̾صԪʯȫ㣬ңǿõħֻҪͷ
Ԫʯħ
ɫһͣĵʥ֮̾صԪʯȷΪԪʯΪԪΪֱӵĲ֮
ҪЩԪʯ̲صԪҪһԪʯǧ򱶣ССһȭͷСԪʯ̲ص㹻һŹʿָ֮һ
ʥ֮̾صԪʯǧĻۣѾ಻ˣܹõЩԪʯԯȻ궼ȼɼԪʯˡ
ħǴ֮ǰĹ֮ǿᣬѾЩʶֻħħ֮ԴͷԼı岻ãǵڶΪĺǺͼǿʹãǲ֪ʥ˵Ǽ١
׼ϸѯʵʱʥ˵֮⣬һԸŹ֮ͻƵʮ֮ļֳķʽֻҪһ֣Ҫͻƿﵽʮ֮
ֳķʽմľ类׵ɵˡ
Ź֮ͻƵʮֻ֮һַʽôһ˵ӾŹ֮ͻƵʮ֮ƺкַܶһôһ£
֣ڹɣɲһɲģκһ峹裬пͻƵʮ֮ġʥǺЦЦеؿֻҪǣ֮ǰһϸ˵Ź֮ͻƵʮ֮ļַġ
ڲ𣿡̰ĵʡ
У׻ȸһնûһء
꣬Ҳ˽ĵΪһЩŹʿ£ǣյĽȷʵʥһΣֻб֤ǿ뿪д½ǲŻ֪㼸ַǶ࣬ˡ
ãҴӦǣճһʵҸô


465 ʥ
ԯȵĵص֮УһȻֳüͷ˼Ҵ
Ⱥ죬ֻǿһۣʵô
ǿЦЦտ˿һԼʵ⹫ʲôչ
ҡͷʮһ񰡣ԭȵķȷ
ʮһֱѰͻƵʮ֮ķԭȺͰһսΪҴͻƵʮ֮׼ȷϧ˶꣬ȴʼûͻơ
̲ǳ֮ѨôҲܹѭǳתĹƶ˺ַܶȴʼղܹıѨλá
ʧΣ壽ʼԼķǲǴˣЩûʧˡ
ַΪѵͻ֮֮⣬ʵ벻ʲôõķˣһ·˶ʮ꣬ȴһֱûͻƣʼԼˡ
աˣŸոմﵽŹ۷֮վ͹Ѿͬһ׶ˡ
Ҳζ֮ǰ˵ۻвͨʮ̫Ҳû˵˭ܹͻƵʮ֮
̫ʮʿֵĴ壬ڱķȻԯȷǳŷԯȴ޷֪ǾŹʿͻƵʮ֮Щƾ̣˽
ʮЩͬλŹ۷֮ĸ֣һͻƣƺζƿصطҲһǾЧ·ֻԼУҲԯȴñķˡ
˳գһԯȣͱʥ޻ȥˣʲô𣿡ʡ
ʥҰһæһ˵ޣҪɴ£ҪʮŹʿСǰպ
ʲôæһ׷ʡ
ʥҪؼңҪ뿪д½ЦЦʥ޴ӦңһҰǴɴ£͸ҼͻƵʮ֮ĳ÷
֣ǳ÷һ֮󣬲ſЦӣͻƵʮ֮ķȻֻһ·ô˵֮ǰһͬڱסˡ
⹫ҪһЩ֮ǵĸֺú̸̸£ҵǾӦðʥæǣҲǰԼյ
Ǳ֮ǵĸ֣ǷĿԸæأϾҪķѲü
ҪһЩôģҪȻǾǿϰæҲᾡġճһ£Ҵǿһħ̾İ½һƬڰİæ֮£Ѿ㹻ĻǵأʮŹʿȥֻҪƼӵһǱɼǳ֮
һ£ȻһЦֵ˵ˣհЧʣ̫֮оǳ֮ˣһ򣬵ҲûбҪǻҪʱǸЧˡ
ôһ˵壺һһͷˡ

ԯȵϣʱйⶴһţһŹʿӹⶴ֮
ЩŹʿһΪտȴȻд½ˣһԯǳȥҵ´ȥݼ壡
̶̼ʱ䣬ʮ֮ǵľŹʿ֣ԯɵĻ
ֵԯȣΪˣЩ˵б֮Ǹˣ׷״¸ɽȾۼϣܹհһЩ˵ķɡ
ȻܹõЩ˵ָ㣬ܹȡһЩ֮ǵıǾ͸ˡ
ԯȣѾµˣңκεʿÿһʱ䶼ΰݼңͼұѺõĹϵ
һգԯȵϣһⶴֳֻһɫ䣬ȴ֮Ůӣһµشӹⶴֳ֮
ɫε̸֣СŲǡ
ߣǼһΪʲôңȻȥ̼ңô𣿡Ůؿ̸֣Ϥԯȣ૵Դʮǰ뿪ǼһﾹȻһûȥ½뿪ʱǴӦҵġ
ٺ٣С㣬ղæһҲ̸ڨЦš
æ̱漺˺ߣȷǹæģæľûڶ̶뿪̸֣ҲͻƵŹ֮ˣҲԭҲǺ½˰ΪʲôҪ
̸ЦЦ̱漣ѾŹ۷֮ˣأ
˻һ̱漺޺޵һţյֱһҡٻҪ깦ˣһָܹⷽѹء
ȿȡԶһȣֻȻԯȵĺɽ֮ϣЦ̱漣СѾͷþû˰
үү̱ʵʵһ˿΢ЦûһĮˡ
ȵջùⶴӭӱ֮ǵˣԼõӣá壹һЦ̱֡
̱漹ɵص˵ͷЦӯӯߵ壵ԣүү㻹ҪòſͻƵʮ֮
һ죬һӡεҡҡͷ̾һˣֻһĤôûͱư
˱˰һ˺½ײŽһ·Ͼ㱧Թˣһ˼ϵģϲտôôأ
̸а̣˼һһҪͼҪЩ֮
ϵĹⶴ仯ûãм˴ӹⶴֳ֮ȫǱ֮ǵľŹʿ
ʱ
ֻһӹⶴֳ֮ľŹʿһȫŹ壾ۼܿأЩ֮ǰԯĴεľŹʿҲżҵ´ȥˡ
ʲôأôʱˣûʲô
˭֪أȻԯҪģ϶ǴˣҪȻۼôߡ
ٺ٣Ī밵ԼԽԽ׼ǰŻǵˣ
ΰɣҪٹһʱ䣡

һ´ȥľŹʿڰš
ǰ֮ǵľŹʿյԯȵ룬ϣǰԯһ˵ȶһʱ䣬֮ǵĸַ׷յԯȸֵ԰ݷã֮ǵĴ֮£׷ױⶴŪԯȡ
ټһֻ̫ҪһЩľŹʿܵ롣
ûܵľŹʿЩɻ󣬰Լǲʲôʼ͵͵ߣҪҪԯȡ
ϧд½ڿռȫգҪд½ģǼԳ𣬷һ
һܶҪԯȵĸ֣ûϣ̲ѣһЩԯ̫еǰģԯʲôƲǵĺ
Ϊԯȵһ룬Ȼ̫ɹ
û취̫ԯѾڲ֪䣬ΪһΪֻԯϵԵʣκҪմľŹʿðͽԯȡ
ԯȵ岻ϵԼ䣬ԯȲд½֮أҲΪ̫֮ǵĸ֮أ֮ǵҪԯհ
ҲҪձػһ˵ġ壿ʾʱ´
ڹ壵к֮£̫֮ǵĸ֣һһ´ĬĬصȺʲô
ֹһϵĹⶴ𽥵ʧˣ֮һǺЦŴݲȵ´
ŹرգƿǽϵĽˡ
ֻһͺûϵ·һĿռ䣬κĸţҲκεˣߵһһ
Ŀ֮£ǺЦߵ´λϣĿɨһۣЦҶˡ
ߣµµ̱漣һۣûĺ˺ߡ
εЦЦװûпԹԵ˵һǰϣܹһæ³֮ÿһߣԵһǵش£֮ڣܹõǳ֮ǾҪҵĸ
˻һǰľŹʿһԵ쳣ľϲ׷ױʲô飬Ƕ߾ȫ
Щһ˵ԯа취ҵǵҪȻʮʱڣĵطŹʿûнΪʲôԯȵľŹʿһѸͻƣȻÿһڵѨ˴룿
һЩľŹʿȫѨ͸ˣ
˵ʲô
˵ԯȿ϶㹻ǳ֮
ֻҪһϵϵԯ֮ĹϵЩһϲ²ڰļ磬϶һЩطԯȵĸá
ǲ²Ȼȫ׼ȷҲʵԶˡ
Ȼ֪ԯ㹻ǳ֮ȴҲ޿κΣǿԯʲôֻ͵͵һ¡
ϾԯȣҲǵĬĬǸСطˣһ뼧Ϲžű棬ûж˵Ҵԯȵ⡣
ټԯȱǿƣͰĽܹϵ̼ҡɻɽӵûʲô۵Һԯȹȥˡ
⣬Ҳˣٹ̫꣬򶼲üΪǳ֮ŹʿоŰ֮ãҲżˡ
ֻǣܹһͻƵŹ۷֮Ȼˣڲԯȵ¡
ˣôһ˵Щ˶ǶˣȤ
ڼջûбʲô£Ǳ׷վȽԼ̬ȱˡ
һΪмһΪԯȵ⣬ӲʲôֵǷǳԯȡ
պЩ˵̬ȣ˫ЩɨɨͷЦдҵİػʮþȵġ
һжġ
Ȼûһ顣
Ȼ

ʱڣЩڱ֮ǵľŹʿд½ĸܣû֪Щʲô
ʱʱأ˻ᷢд½ط䡣
һЩǧɽʼӿҽһЩһƽƽԭдСȵĵһЩɽ֮еɽһҹ֮ı
з򣬶ЩŹʿӰ
ԼԼ䣬ܶ˶ЩŹʿйˣЩŹʿжȫԯ߳ģôһͷǳˡ
ԯڱٿһС
ֻǣȻ򳣳䣬ȴûһʿûһɥ
䷢֮ǰЩطʿͳˣзסӵĵطҪôյѶϢʱǨˣҪôŹʿЩ˿Ļᡣ
ôһȻʱзд½ʿͷˣϰ
ֹһʱ䣬д½ϵԽӵƵؿʼѿ޴ķ϶ˮʼӵ½أһЩСɽˮûˡ
ĵ죬мµһҹ֮˺ʧ
һЩ֮ʿڱĿڤʱ򣬽زʥ޵ϢԽԽǿʢѾڲ֪д½ǵϢÿһ춼֮С
ǣʥ޵ϢԽԽǿǺʥ޹ͨѳ̶ȣȴԽԽˡ
Ук֮ܶĸ֣ǰܹʥ޹ͨһЩʱգʼҲܹӴʥ޵ʶˡ
ʥ޴ڵϢȴ֮䡣
ǳ֡
ֵ󣬳⾰ڣд½ָֻĸµƽд½쳣·Ѿȫʧˣֱôһ״
Щд½ϳûԱ֮ǵľŹʿҲһʱڣ½ԯطԵļ԰


һɺص֮ء
⣬ɺص򽥽ֳǼա壡졢Ͽˡ̱漵ˡ
Щˣһԯڵĸ֣һǺԯĪԨԴҾֵεˡ
ǽ𣿡̱漿Եļһۣʵ
֣صص˵ͷյǽ죬ϣһ˳źá
ӦòʲôɣЩǺķôڽЩȫƣǵһһ˵Ӧûˡһس˼һ̾û뵽ʥΪ˷ֹʱʿֻɱȻԼӡԼֻΪ˵ֵЩ̵ߵĻɱҲǿɱ
Ҳûа취ǽ̵ĹʱʿӵеѾǿƿصˣΪ˱ⱻɱˣֻг²ˡϧӡԼķ̫˯ô֮ǾȻҪĴ̼ܹӡ򿪣ǵǵָҪȻ֪ӡڣҲܹӡոп
Ͽ¶һ˷ܣܹʶһЩǺˣ˵УЩԶŵֻкһЩڴʱеľһԶ򲻳Щʮʿܹ
ܹʶʶЩԶӴȷЦ


ǰĺˮХ·ˮʼ
֮ϣƽĺ棬˾ξˣ˿һ飬ִᷢһӱñޱȣƺΪ׶һչ˳
֮£ЩɳʯһʼҵķŨĺˮɳʼ˷ӿ
ʥ޵ӴϢӵص֮д˳ֻҪľŹʿԸܵЩϢӴֲ
·ؼبڵҪһ㡣
Сһ㣬Ȼǲ˺ǣǼϢЯž޴ɱһǶСһЩҪױˡնһ䣬ȳϷһξ롣
еľŹʿ֮£һźϸһξ룬Ȼһ۾ŵصס
䣡䣡
ص״˾޴ĺڣ֮ڵĺʼѿһ޴Ĺ֣ںˮҷУֻЩ޴Ĺ֮Уʼֳ޴Ӱ
䣡
ؼѿһмʮﳤĿӣԽԽˡ
ڣһ޴ӣӵصֳˮ͵سӿȻһâ֮£Щˮֱӿų졣
̱һָ棬ľˣ⣬ʲô
һȻشǾ޴ֳֳ֮ͷмʮĶСһɽһ
һСۣڻҰĺ֮Уֳǻ۵Ĺâ
һ˵Ǽ䣬ףʹһһſ;Լ·𱻾ɽѹסˣһΪĸо
̫ˣϿϲ˷ܵϹ˵Ӵ󣬼ֱһЩ޴ʯ
أɽһͣȻ֪ʥ޵ޱȵӴ󣬵ۼʶˣ𾪵˵
ֻ¶һͷСɽһСʥ壬жôӴ
޴ûоͷһ㣬˳״ֳ֮·𳤵ûβ֮ͣоȻһʱŽֳ
βչˣɫۼףҫĹ󣬸һּ̲Ƶĸо
Ӵ֮ľϴǰں֮һֱȥ·ᴩһ㣬Źʿһȥͷ
ֻǴԹһ£վͿ϶ʥǿԴˮƹһֱ쵽
಻ɽһ㰡
ֹһһȻӲǽӸűӱĶشСֻƹߵȻ̵شռĶ֮һӴˮһֳ˺ס
䣬ʥ䣡̱漾ϲޱȣظһʥϵϢ૵֮ˮµʥޣ죡ÿֲų

ңԶĺڣִһӴϢһϢȴʥޡ
ˣȻһ͵һ̲ס


466 ֮Դ

д½ϳʥ֮⣬̾һǿԹڶ֮أ½ֹЩֻкĴ˵ȴѾû˼ϵˡ
ȥ׹ǵļգȴ֪ȷڣǰ׹ǵϣȷӦϵϢˣںϢһϱ϶Ǻˡ
ûõȣֻһ㿴һȻ˷˶˾ˡ
ʥһҲѵһԶͬӴֳ֮֮󣬼ͬһ
Ͼ֮УӴֳ
һľ޴ѻɽһǼ׳Ĵ֣Щǵǰˣһֱۣſһɭɭڣҫž˵ĺâ
һĺ˷˶ֻһ򣬾ʥĶͣ
һɾԶĹϢӺϴͬΪ֮
ǺǶǾ޴Ĵ֣ÿһֵĶˣ·һֵһ䶯ľ޴š
һݣһ⺣֣˵ڵԪһεĹȦȫס
ҫҲϴڷݳ಻ʱ̾š
ʥȽʶ˺üνˣ֪ʥ޲ʲôľٶɺȴͬ⺣ǶϵĹһֱӻŶˮ壬û
˵У⺣ɱԣϲǿʿüղòСĶԷ
Ҳ̫ģϾһģֻкһʥ䶼ڴ˵أԶŵţв̫
壡졢Ͽˡ̱ˣһд˾ٶɫ΢䣬ҲһԲСĽºͻȻѡ
䣡䣡
ڴʱǾ޴֮Уٴδĺھ춯صıըУʥȸͰ׻Ҳ̴зݳ
һȸͰ׻ҲӴ֮ɽһֲ
ǰ׻һ֮гɢɱ֮⣬ȺսضǺƺҪⶫĺףͺսһ
ˣˣ
һͻȻںֳ֮񣬾Ȼںγ˴Х˵ͷ˾޴Ρ
ӶЩѣΣϢ̫¼£ǿס
Ǻʥڽֻʥ޵ϣһ𴫳ޱȵˣӿⶫĺˮʼҵ
ա壵˶žŹ֮ΪҲЩʹۣɼЩԶĿɲˡ
Уǰ׻ȸһֳսľٶǰ׻Եŭ쳣ƺǺʲôֵ
ĴǺҵĻţÿһ涼һ׺ףضŰ׻һԲʹֵļơ
֮Уʥϵذżһƽ͵Ϣ֮ػصƺȰ˵ͳһ
տĿɿڴʱֲúֻܹͨؼ䡣
ֹһʥİ£Ǻ𽥰ƺЩ鲻ԸشӦʲôôһʥް׻ҲڼڳҪսļƣɾؿź
һʵ֮󣬳վãƺҪʲô
ڴʱڼյԺ֮УڴʥĻǶ㿪һЩҪͨİ½Ŀռͨȥɱħ
ףվһʵΪʲôӶ̶֮صףУǺͺʲôЭ飿
̶һڣ̫һЩ֮һѨֻΪ˷ԯȥħ˵̫ӴˣǸԳǵ壬Ҳܲǵֻܹ⿪ͨ
Ҫһ뿪д½һ˵ܹ򿪿ռͨҪ֣һһ½
׻һʼͬ⣬Ϊ֮Դʱ򣬺սжùһ֮ԴӦˣǱһˡ
ʥشѶǺģδŶ֡
֮ԴʲôΪʲô꺣ȡЩȻֵʵ
֮Դһǳϡ٣֮ڣŻһ̺ٵ֮Դ֮е֮𣬾֮Դһ̬
֮ԴмΪ̬㵽ʮ֮Ҫõ֮ԴˣΣԺ֪ġ
̫ô֮ǳǧ򣬵Ҳֻд½һ̲֮һЩ֮ԴҲΪʲôĸѡд½ݷԵʣȻҲΪд½̲мٵ֮ԴŻѡд½Ķ֮ء
ǽһ֮ǵ֮ԴָһҲ֮ԴľˣҪ뿪ҲҪ뿪

ʥЩеؽµ˵һ飬˵֮Դʱȴûȥֻ˵гһͻƵʮ֮ԺȻ֮Դ;
ţмΪȡ
֮֮Уп֮ܳԴ⵽ʲôĶʮ֮Ҫ֮Դ죡ʮ֮񲻸Ǿٲѣ
Ź֮Ҫǳ֮ȻѰֻҪǻǼУȻټҲôϡٰ
֮Դټһ̫򣬾Ȼֻһд½̲أҲΪʲôʥ޺ͺΪλд½ֵԶˡ
֮У˵ӵ֮Դ֮ǵļʱȽϴҲΪʲôʮʿ͹ۼԶţһͻƵʮ֮ȻҲȥǶġһδѶ
һĮȻͷ
ڴʱһâ˸˸ʯͷĿ³żռȥ
ҴӦĳͣоŹ쵽ʮ֮ļֳ÷ȽţһǻͨǸ½ɱħҲһȥɡٴδѶ
һֽǼĹâڵʯͷסʶʯͷһ飬㷢ʯͷһμ䲨
δŽʯͷ֮еļ䲨꣬ңңʥһۣ괫Ѷá
ʥٶ˵ʲôֻǺͱļһ񣬱㿪ʼ߶Լڵ
ͻȻ䣬ؼĽľˮϢȻʥ޵ڱ㼯һ㣬ʥĺˮ롣
ͣ
Ŀռ˺С֮дСԽԽֻһǼ䣬ѿɼʮĶشС
ڴʱĴ֮УͻȻһƵḷ́ȫǿռ϶֮ڣֻԭͼĿռ϶ȻʮĶشС
ԶŵȻ˺յü񾪲а˼ţʮ֮ĸ֣ҪǺʥ޶ˣǲҲֻ·һ
ʮʿ޵˸ľ磬ɱǣǵΪ˼ʱԺ֮һδϢ
ͫ΢оĪ
ʮ֮ĸǿߣȻɱʥޣɱֲ궼ֲ˵زԶܹǵ
ֱ󰡣
ͻȻ䣬еҪʯͷ֮еļ䲨ʲôˣҪ֪׸ͻƵʮ֮
û֣ھ޴ĺ֮УֻʥȸѾһǿռ϶֮С
֮ǰ׻ӴҲشǿռ϶֮ڽȥԥһ£촥ֻţؽǿռ϶
ʥʾ⼧һ롣
ûйԥճŹ壡̱漡Ͽˡ˵ͷͳǿռ϶ȥˣ⼸Ҳ롣

Ϥħڵİ½Ǽջǹ壣ǵϿˣ½ָơ
Ǵһİ½ϽٵģںƲֳ֮
Ʋֲ֮ãͼʥӴһ޴֮߳
濴žˣڵﲻæӴѶԺ֮һ͵سħɽ嶥˵ڳȥ
ʱȸͺӴѾûˡ
۾һ£շֲʥ޻ǺʵƿԼ壬ɽĶڣֻʮĶشСյʥ޵Ӧýȥ
ȻȥʱȴˣС˼ޱȵĽȥ
Ҳ⣬򼧳մѶ֮İ֮ҲС˼ſɽڽ롣

ص֮ڣ֮ĺһ½ɽһһĿꡣ
ãһ½ĵصףϵо޴ĺЩ֮໥һ½׳֮ء
һҹ֮䣬ħĴ½ϣѾκεֲˡ
ϵļգ⼸Ĺ۲죬ŷЩֲ·һ˲仯Ϊ̻ңһ㳹ɢˡ
ûжã½ͺͺģеǱ
·һЩֵ֮ǣĳֵӰ£һŵˡ
ص׵ĺһֱš
һˣһϣۿļսûһȥ۲졣
ǳֳӰˣֻɽĵ֪ǼжôĿˡ
ּսʱܹģȻЩΣǲòʵ
Ȼʮʿͨҵ˴¿Բ²һʮʿǿ󣬶֮ڵǿߣвɶ˼־η֮顣
Ȼ۹ۿŵˣһġ
ͨʥ޵תʽӴʶſˣЩĽ֮УƺᵽһЩõС
ȻֻһЩǳģĸ򣬵Ƕ˵ȴǼΪġ
ǹ壣̵ظһʱ䣬ʱʱüͷƺһЩʲôµĶ
ЩԶŵеʶԶԶ˵ʶ֮ϣģؼΪΪ壬ڽսʱһؽԼʩչֻҪʶ㹻ǿģԲЩһЩй켣
һμΪľ

֪˶ãص׵ĲƽϢ
ڣһ޴ĵصԨ֮У̵ֳʥ֮ȸ׻Ҳһһ߳
ϣȻʤһ
ȻʤˣЩȻҲԵ÷ǳƣһһսļģ
䡢ȸ׻ĸһ˶֮ͫУ¶Ϊ˷ܵɫʣûж࿴һۣһƻǳ֮Ϸ죬ӴشƲ㣬˻֮أ֮˺֮С
Ե˵Ȳһ̹˷ѵģ
һ̣ѾȺ̫ˣõѾȥˡ
ڣ䡢ȸ׻ĸԶӴȥ
ЩǴ֮ǰ壬ѾӦǺ֮;ЩԾŹʿԼǲܹӰ졣
ʥûм뿪ſһ£һڵĹƬ˼գЩƬ̲ųħƬ֮лסʮīɫʯͷħƣаˡ
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ħĹǽڡۼסħʲôãѯʡ
һħ֮룬ЩħΪҪĲ֣Ϊĵڶһˣһħлﵽħ֮£Ҫע⣬Ҫڶ巴ˣһҪעڶ꣬һֵڶʲô쳣ֹͣڶֻп϶ԿƵڶ꣬ſԼȥмǣ
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׻ѾڵȺˣҲ뿪ˣǾʹطȥˣԺԵ˵ܹ
ʥѶĿʼˣֻʥӴҲڽգ˻֮أ˺֮С
ʥ޺ͺӴųǿ֮ˣҲֻܹܵЩԶԶߣǵϢ𽥵ļ
֮һ˲ŷֲʥ޵Ϣڣ˵ѾǳǳԶˡ

ô̧̱ͷ죬૵
ˡϿ˴һ䣬ǾĹâǲ˼飬Щȷ̫ˣҲֻǿĴڣſڴʱȥ
ˡһȻһ£һ컹ģ漣ֻҪŬҪ˶ãҲΪһԱ
Ҫӿ찡ҴӾŹ֮ͻƵʮ̫֮ƿҡܹо̱漵͵һЦƵɨ˼һۡ
İɣҿ϶Ǳ죡պ
֪̱漵Ժ֮У̼汲µӡӡİ֮£̱һͻƵŹ۷֮Ӧܹܿؽʮ֮
գȴûôˣõʥļ䲨ֻҪ˼оҲȻͻƵʮ֮һˡ
գǲҪǵڶħＫΪ죬壬̫ð˰ɣüͷЩ̫ͬʵѾ̫κθˣα˷Ѿǵڶ棬ҿһ壬յʮ֮ǵ֮
⹫ҿһ£оʥļ䲨֮پҪҪȥƵڶԥһ£ô˵
ţðɣǱд½ɣҲչһʱ䣬úÿʯͷ֮еļ䲨壵˵ͷ
ô˵ţһݵص׵ĺڰ֮ڣҵԭȵĿռ϶Ȼͨһڶ̶̶

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ڷߣ½ΪǿʿһҲɺǿʿ
಻ɽÿһɽ嶼ƣм׸ߡ
Ԫӯ֮Խǲɽ˵ԪԽŨ
֮ⷭУǧߣдﵽŹ֮ʿʮ
һֱⷭɺͷڱ֮ǵľŹʿ߶߽ĵ
һ죬һ޴ǴȻ˷֮С
һͨȻڶߵɽƷֱΪƽأһɽʿûһѵȫǸɱ
֮ͨϣ׵شһ
ЩɫۼףȻͷֱۣ׶쳣ӴıɱϢ
֮֮󣬺һۣ㳯Ƿߵһɽȥٶȿ硣
ֻһߵһɽϣ㴫ĲҽһŹ֮ĸ֣ʼɢ
аһڶ̶ʱڣټһͿ̿ûһгɵʿܹӳĶ֡
ｫĸɱ֮󣬿ʼͷ£ʼ½Ĵ߶
һʱ䣬ųɺʿ԰½·˵һǿʿ壬һպĳֿʼ
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ڷۼ˴˽һĵ֮һɳ죬Ȼ½Ļ֮أֱǺ֮кС
Ǻ֮Ѱ֮ǣһ֮ǿʿڣ֮ǵʿɱ䡣
һʱ䣬ټһɺѾٸ֮Ǳɨе֮ʿɱ
һʱ䣬ɺΣܵѶϢЩľŹʿɹһɺ֮ÿռܣ»ᱻ

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ˣȻǺ桢סС
ô죿Ҫ˶ãɺ򽫲֮ϵʿˣǺã
û취Էʵ̫ǿˣǡźʮʿͬȵǸûа취
ӶûطӰӺʱǾͷ˰

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װһŻļŵ֮ǣ̾Ϣһ֮ϸûжԪҪþӣܹȥҲǰ취
һݺݵؿŶʮˣߣЩɣȥңԶѰǳ֮ħı˼ڳֹɨˣ
ЩˣһͷɥΣ֪˵ʲôá
˺棬Ҳǹģûǳ֮Ҳ·һӦѰԸħİ취Էֻǹ֣Ȼܹɨ򣬱˴˵ʵ̫ˣһ̣û򰡡пЦ
һγĬȥ
죬ͻȻǸǻǲõģǽӵصʱһҡ
˻һס۾һȥ
Ϸˣøɱ³ҵĵܵܣҲ̾ϢһЩǷһЩ˸֣Ϊǳ֮飬ҲҪϵϧԷ氡
Ҳ˵ͷЩȻֻǳһ£εһЩħûԣֻеõǡǵıܹ롭Ӧûæɣ
˼ƾʲôǣʡ
̫ɺţһɺ군ˣЩħ˵̫Ҳֲô˺ߡ
ǶԸЩһǲаҡҡͷѵˣǸа֮󣬾ȻĸɱǱӣ
⣬⵹Ҳǡ˵ͷ˵ǸаǸ˸ɵˣҲֻܹԸħˡ
ʲô˰ֻҪһ˿벻ҪŹһɺľŹʿе˵
Щ˱׷ɱ̫Ǳˣ׽Բһڸ֮εֻᱻ֡
ڴʱһ˵ֳȻҲһռ
һһĵľŹʿŵشӿռ߹δʹµˣˣ
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ǿʼݻٿռˣÿһ֮ǣǵһ£ǴݻĿռ򣡡С
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һǽе֮ǵĿռݻ٣ôɺĸ֣޴ӣ
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ʮ֮ǣȴûЩ֮ԻţΪڿռĴڡ
һÿһ֮ǵĿռûˣǵֻ·һˡ
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һô֪һħʱûˣʣһĽӵȥֻҪǿ̫ˣͨʲôһҪϢͳȥ
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մӱչ֮˹ڵ´֮ڣʶſ졢һȫˡ
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ҲԳȵͬС
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˵ؼֵ֮壬κһ壬ֻҪ£ʶһĸ򣬲ҽԼ֮УͻƵʮ֮
Ź֮ͻƵʮ֮;кַֻܶҪһܹ֪һؼ壬ᵽ裬ĶˣľϵһĤܹƳˡ
ճһ£ֵҵļ˵Щ˶ǳת徫裬ⷽȥͻƵ£ﵽʮ֮Ҳʶ֮ϴﶬĽ壬֪˴ﶬγɵȫ״ҲͻƵʮ֮
һЩˣİ̬һһһ飬֪еγɺµҲͻƵʮ֮ˡ
һЩħޣ෴ģնֻǼеһִȻҲܹͻƵʮ֮
ڽľˮЩظϿ׷Ѱͬ޵ܹͻƣֻһ͸ƿһ֪γɸԴģҲͻˡ

֮ӾŹ֮ͻƵʮ֮ǧٹ֣ȴÿÿһΨһͬһ㣬Ҫ̵һľ͸Դذйɡ
һ˵壡졢ɽˣһüͷ˳˼


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һ󣬹壡졢ɽ˶ƺʲô׷׾ԯȣڳ߶߶Ϊﵽ磬һζĿѾû˱ҪǷȱĲǸ
֪ʥЩ϶ǣΪÿһ˵ͻƶɸƣȻӸ档
ڹ壡졢ɽԯ뿪ԺҲûţʼƵڶ

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ͺͺĻҰɽŨħƱ鲼ϣħȻѲڣһ½ϵħҪһĵطŨĶࡣ
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رһ޴ӣֻһһƷԴԴͶЩУаɫˮĹͷоӨʯͷ
𣡡̧һ
ԶһͻСɽҰһ𣬺Ȼ䵽һ޴ӵС
ۣſһ£һĥ̴ĻݳȫЩ֮С
һӣŨİɫҺ壬͵ȼȵĸ£Ȼ˷
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ɫġ̺סָָȴߣԹԵط޴֮С
֮ڵĻ棬䡰̺ס֮󣬽ر仯˱ɫۼ
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ֻһգϻΪһڹ⣬֮еԪʧʼԪ鵱ĬĬ
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Ӱ̤֮ĪصգɺǱЩ
Īţһ˶೤ʱ䣿΢΢һЦʵ
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Īɫأ֪ϸ򼧳˵һ顣
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պȻĬˣ˫תƺڳ˼ʲô顣
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ֻ֪ӳȥƾҺǺͼʮþȣ㲻صġЦЦ
Ǻǣҵ㻹챦ˣĻҾͷˡĪµͷͣһ£ٴʵŶˣǺǺͼֱܹܲӵɺ򣿡
ЩҲԹȴСûǺͼֻܹһ֮ʹãƺһľƣ̫ԶĻǺͼð
Īµ˵ͷҲǣǺͼܹԽĻͼˣ˭ܹɱأ
һʵʵǡȥľˡЦ

һŲĿϣһǿǿԳһĹⶴ
մǹⶴһԾʶſǸеġˣûйԥϿʼԴڡϵĺʯ
һɽյڣֳˡ
롰ȡд½صɴļʯͷЩС
ھ޴ĺУ³ߣһҵƶӡϱһ϶ġ
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ʯϣҡ⳽Ҳڻţ³ࡣ
һҡ⳽֮Уһɫ׵ˣеٿ
һͻȻһҡˣ̫ˣһҲأӵʯֿԸӦˡ
ˣǡƺɺȥˣǵĿ겻Ǹµ𣿡Աһĸʵ
ǵĿȷǸǼһҲܹŹһǸǼһ϶йϵֻҪҵˡϣǵټȫõ
Ӣ
ӿٶȣȥɺ򣬶Ҫһҡ¶廨˾޴Ĵ۲Ŵ칤ŪģÿһҶʧ
ˣ

һİϡ
һߴӰһֱɽ嶥æµţԣȫһ޴ʯ
˺ȻǼ죡
ֻһʯɢڵϣɽϵҶÿһҶ֮жʯ顣
ڼǰȻһʮ׵ľ޴ʯףʯͨڣħƣƺ̲ĳа
֪ˣռ㹻ʯ֮ôһʯʯܹٴ˵أȻǺ֮дڣһʯףӦÿ뿪ôһطˡ૵
ԴһϵŪ֮󣬼һֱڡ
ε꣬ȴ֮ǣҲûѰ꣬ö֮㿪ʼѰ
꣬һ׹˵أͻȻôһ⡣
Ȼܹ֣ҲζǿǺ֮кУҵһ׹֮أһ޴ʯʯͷȼţȻɳʯһ
һ״ϸ֮󣬲ŷʯҲǺ֮вӰ죬һǺ֮±𽥵ıС
ʧļ죬ŭ֮£ֱӽʯ顣
Ȼʯ֮ȴʯ֮зһСʯͷʲô޷һʯͷݻ١
ϲļ죬һʯͷ죬ʯͷͶǺ֮Уϣһʯͷ
Ĺ۲죬һʯͷǺ֮кУĲǺ֮Ӱ졣
һ¼ſ϶ҵ뿪ķ֮һЩ꣬ѱǣҵһʯٰ֮㳢ԣѰʯͷķŪôһھ޴ʯ׳
̧ͷǺӣ¶飬૵Ҳ֪ܷȥˣҪðһԡ
ô˵ţ컺ʯ֮Уİʯϣ쿪ʼ߶
ʯϵħƣǱһŨħʯ׷·һ˲䱻ӯһڷݳźǿշȥ
ʯ׽˺Ժ󣬼ŵһĲŽ£ΪʯȻΪɲȴûܹʯӰ졣
ôһһ򣬲߶ʮһֱǸȥ
ȻûãͲˡ
ں֮УǴڵһʯףûϵʯһں֮УҪһʮ
ʯ֮УȷԵֵ󲿷Ǻ֮Ȼֺϧĳ֮£ʯȴüƿء
ҪʯķɳۣҪʮʯϣǷʯײܣҲҪʩӵҪǿ౶
ʯ׾ͻͣǺ֮һˣҲͬҪ֧š
ֱһ̣ʶȻƿУǱ׶ȴððʧʧôһڿʼԿͷˡ
ֹһʱ䣬ڵѾƿʯ׵ķ֮£ֻܹʯ׵ķ򲻹ܣǺ֮кС
ʼſʶѰѰκ֮ǡǣǿ֮еʯŹ
ֻҪҵһܹŵĵط
Ȼں֮Уʲô鶼пܷģôһССԸƺһӶü
һ죬ڵľ£ֻܹʯ֮УôǺ֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãһ˶ʯĻȻֱһʯ׵ķײȥ
䣡
ʯʯ֮ɣ쳣ھ޴ײ֮£ʯײδ飬ֻǱĶᣬԶԶɵһߡ
෴ھ޴ĳ֮£Ǹ޴ʯ鿪
ʯǿմըʱͻȻһСӣһʮСӣ֮зɵţһСӣɲɵ÷ɽʯ֮ϡ
쳣ܹǿ֮ʯ֮ʯףȴС˲ûУһʯеļؿڡ
ħļ죬弫ΪǿᣬȴСһؿڣڵѪûӵļһˡ
ͻȻ䣬һĸоڼԺи֡
δȼ룬ɢǿ֮еʮһСӣ·ܵʲôҲ쬡ĳ˹
ʯ֮ʯףЩС˵һ˸˷ݽȫ˼ϣȫմ˼Ѫ
ʯ֮еļ죬Ťʯ֮ʹĺ
һīɫĹΣˮеĲһӼϵһɺ޼ʵħʼڼ֮з
ֻʯ֮еļ죬岻ϵŤ䶯һͷ޽ǵĹһƬ࣬߱ģ
ֻһ򣬼ͱʮֲͬģÿ仯һΣϵһСӶһ£һα仯֮һ˵СϾͻһªĹͼͼȻ仯һģһ
ʮ֮󣬼촭Ŵ»ָԭòʮСӣһһû

ҵĺţڴˡžž죬һӴȻϱ춯أ
䣡
һʯ֮ʯף˲䱬ըʯ֮Ƭҷɣеļ챩¶Ǻ֮С
Ǽ䣬ð˵𻨣Ǳĳֳʹޱȵ顣
ֻһһͷֳһСӳ
ǿ֮ð˲ȫЩӰ֮£һ˿˿ʼγɷȦЩǿ֮ȫ
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Ӵ˴֮ڱըһ˵ǣ֮£ֱԶȥ

½
һʱ䣬ڱ֮ǵĸ֣һʧͨռÿһˣǻֲ̿ѣһؾ
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֮ǰ½һֱڱĽ䣬ԪѷûʲôĲϣ֡
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һʱ䣬ԭҶԸĴ½ȴȻˡ
֮ˣΪ½ʵ̫ƫƧһ㣬ƫƧȻħĸ֣ôһطƺ֪֮Уôһ֮ǡ
֪ħĸ֣ȴΪҵ֮֮󣬺ܶɺĸ֣Լͬͨռϣܹӹħ׷ɱ
һգ½ĿռУֳһɫ԰׵꣬Ÿոս֮ʱһ̻̲յģһеˣ
źʲôУԶһͷǳһ䣬ô
Ҫкˣסдˣź꣬ߺ
ôͷɫ
½¶ˣﲻٰȫˡС
˻һеʿȫվһ¶ı飬׷Χֵѯ顣
ͷ˵ֱӳǰȥ
źû˿ԥϸǰһźһεɽ֮У˱չ֮еĺ桢סˡ
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֪ģɫ䡣
֮ǰϣܹͨϢȫһͽλй¶ȥЦ
ʲôˣȻվŭ֪˭й¶ģҶҪʬΣ
Ҫ㶯ˣѾʬˡɫŹ֣͵Ϣй¶ȥˣħļһҲûзŹ˵ǽ˺ɷˡ
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Թħ
ȻһԹħСʦŰȱݣ޵Ź֮󣬾ʦǧ¾ɾκ˶˳ޣһ޲˺ᣬʵ˵ֻһܹ̤ʮ֮˵޳аħӣû뵽ˡ
ô죿һֵ
̾ϢһһԵסУ취Ҳ֪˵ԸⲻԸˡ
ˣûܹԸħֵģ˵̫ˣҲֻǾŹʿһûϣģԹħ군ˣʮʿ٣˭ҲΪ
һġ૵
ڴʱɫһϲλˣ
Ȼһסһˡ
ôûϢ𣿡æʡ
׺ˣһʼЩԺΪ̫ʱûлԵʣӦһв¶һ˷ܵ飬ǱϢӦˣ˵ڰǰѾˣաٶȣ˵ǹ˶ãͻ½
ģϲ
Ȼм٣ҲӦλ״ЦЦֻҪˡǾͿԶ̫ܵˡ
µˮ֮ħĸ־ͻ潫˵һ顣
סֵܣһ˵飬һԹħʼͺԲߡ
ն·룬½£ڼղͨռתƣðյһ֮Ͽ

İǿУһҡڻɳš
֮У˫գڡ
Ժ֮йâϵҫţ꺣ڷ·ھˣԽԽȶ֮Уͷѣӱըĸо
ƾž˵Ӳ
һ⣬꺣֮εûһɣץסľ飬ѱ
֮꺣֮ȼգֻ֮׷֮£ЩƺӰˣӴľ֮£ʼػ㼯һЩҿʼ꺣֮йɵķš
ȻĹ㣬꺣֮ƮƮ֮Ӱ졣
Ҳ֪˶ãһЩڿʼϹ꺣֮йɵķ
ʱһЩ䲨ʼһμԺ֮иֳ
һջ˫񽥽ָ૵ܹžĵһھȫõˡ
ǰЩպķĪԺ֮Ѱʮʿļ䡣
ȻЩȫģķһʱѰһõ˺һּ䡣
һιڡܹžһμ˵⡰ܹžھŹ۷֮ſʱ򣬾֮С
⡰ܹžΪ̣·ΪģΪ֮ʱ򣬵ȷһΣ֮ȫ͸֮ȫ̲֮ˡ
⡰ܹžһ㾳磬˵ǽعܱУÿһ޳֮󣬶Īͨ
һμ˵ֻҪܹžĵһɹֱӴӾŹ۷֮ͻƵʮ֮
Ϊܹžʱ򣬱ʶܱḶ́һ㡰ܹžɹֱӽʮ֮
һĪջ
ֻҪܹžĵһϣͻƵʮ֮ջǰոûԥ
ʱڣķеľԺ֮Щҵļ䡣
ʹĥڸոգڽйءܹžһھļȫõˣ
ǡܹžȴɬѶھõˣȴǰ漸οھĺ嶼ᣬϸЩһһӹշҪʱھĺ壬ʵ
ʱѾҪ½ˣҪչǲˡ
ôֻܹʱֹͣйڡܹž˼ӡ֮վ׼ſʶӦ½λá
ڴʱɫȻһ䣬һɾ춯صӴħ½һһ¡
ѵħļһﵽˣ԰ɺϢħļһӦûôҵ½Ŷ԰
ɻļգšͻĻ֮أ½䡣



468 
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δ䣬½ѾۼȺֻЩ˵ΪѷҲ֮;Ź֮ʿҲǡ
ֻǵͷһۣվͰľһ£İʿǧŹʿʮϢԶȴ˻ֺ̿Ͳ
ڡĹУԵظܵЩʿĲ
ֱϤӰ֣ʾ˰Ժ½ϵĸֲŽƽϢеľš
һ˵ɽϽ䡣
ûгȥסСѾȻȺˣӡ߳׵ȫϲɫ
ǼգзЩ̫ӦǺڱ¡Ȼ˱Դ֮УΪԴ֮ˣҲѲ˸ϵ
ס˻ʶȤڲᵱ֮£⵹üû̫Ρ
ˣٹһӰǾֻܼӴˡһأüǻķ
ǻҪ뿪Ҳ֪ħֵʵŪã˵ҶҪǱӡûдĽӿͬء
㶼ܹħֽǾ֮ǣյĽһгü̲ס̾Ϣһ
Ҳûʲôõİ취ֻܹһһȿЩħĸֵΣǲرȻǽ鷳ħ̫ǿҲֻ˱ᣬٹǵ
һȻ˵Ĳ̫ܱЩû׼Ҫá
ƺԤϵһ㣬ͷЩء
ԶһЩʿšķۼûãڡѾվɺʿǶǺؿżգġСֹ
˭ҲֻһŹʿѵֹܹħĸ֣
˭֪أɺĸѾסˣԹħȥҪ˶ãɺͳ군ˡ
ҲգԪڲܹͻƣҲһ·
Ǹ޴ļһ칤ġһǲǾͿ뿪ɺˣ

һ𡰰˷ԡϣЩҲħĸɱˣȻûһҪս׷ױʾҪڡ̫ѡ
üͷЩϿ˿ˣôģ˶ˣҲֻܹһŪ̫뷨ֻѡһҲû취
˻һЩۼɺĸ֣һɫ䣬˸
ĵأܶ˿ʼˡƺ롰Խ롰ŻԽ
վס汩һһʢŭɺˣ
ˣֻҪһ˽е
½ǧʿڱ֮ǵĸֻ࣬ȴֻܹ߰ˣˣô죿ˣֺȵһζĶܣǰ취һħɨɺֽ̫ʲôطܣ
ЩȫĬˣǿ򡰰Ŀ⻹ǳϣȻΪܹһһ졣
ߣɨЩһۣûеͷ֮ǰ˭ҿɣҲ
Щ˼˷ŭˣԵЩΣûҼ
Ȼ֪ǺкУȴ֪ٿءķǵ˼գǱǵˡҲ޼£Ըôһ˵׷ʵ
жãúЩħĸֻعЩ˰ʵ
һ£һ֮Щħĸֽή֮ǣʱǻһʱ̻ȥռ򡣡׿Ц
˵ͷ૵һʱ䣬ţ㹻ˡ
ʲô˼ʡ
ܹתƵȫ֮ǣãʵڲеĻһҲҪңȲڵصյ
Ǵ㣿
ţҲһ£Ȼ󾲴ǵĵ
һ£վڰԱұۣڳһϣ˴̬
ãӦʼΧڡԱߵЩˡ
ں桢ס˵İ£һЩΧɺĸ֣ȫɢߵʱȴһͷˡһĿݵɫʡ
Щ뿪֮󣬼ղһ૵ȻһΪ˻Ȼʲô鶼ĳ
˲δ뿪ôһ˵һΣģһúðǣʲô⡣
ʲôҪǰ𣿡ʡ
Ҹոչʱ򣬸оһɳħƺ䵽½Ҳ֪ǲħ壬һ£Ǹ򡣡գָһСĽ
˵ͷûм˵ʲôˡ
֣һħƺԼЩϤϸӦֲ쳣˭أ
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ΪͻƵŹ۷̲֮֮ڵԪҪӴʮ꺣Ҳչ˼£ôһʼܹϹžűһְӳˡ
ˣħĸδ֮ǰ׼Ժ֮һ飬һְľ裬Աħֵ֮ͷš

½ϼ֮ء
ǵХһѩص磬ûһܹ
ȻʱǱ֮ϣȴһ޴ıߣǱ֮ð˾˵ĺ
֪˶ãǱ֮һ̧ͷ˿棬һڱҲ֪ʲôطƺʿϢڣϣܹһȥķ򡭡
ô˵ţĿһ£ֻһһЦȻǿʡȴҲٹˡ
Ǽ졣
ں֮еʮħԺǿдһ飬ȻûͻƵʮ֮ȻȴѾں֮а衣
ûзеں֮в֪˶ãڲһ֮ǣ֮֮иӦʿϢ
һ˹¼˶ϲû˿ԥϳһ֮Ƿϣܹһ֮Ѱʿʳд½·
ԭɫᣬĬĬصȺ˵Ĺ
֪˶ãһӰڹֻǿ˼һۣ㾪еףôܵˣ㲻ǡԱ߾𣿡


469 
źһ鿴ûʲô֡
ȻһźסˣĿĿĴ󺺣еô
һźɫ΢΢һ䣬¶ı飬ԣ̫Ǹ˸һ㣬⣬ôһ£
ɫ䣬شʵ˭ѵʲôطң
ûСźҡͷŹ֣һˣȴ㳤ķǳһʼ㣬أ
üͷһ壬źһʵʲôط
½
½ʲôط
㲻֪½ʲôطģӦҲΪ˶ħĸ֣ӱ֮ǵĿռİɣźһȻӡ
ǡɫͻȻ˫ħһ֣д½Զ
д½źͻȻɫӹŹˡ
֪д½һ˷ӰһΣѾźǰһţźһ˶֮£Ȼֱӽˡ
źҲǰ֮ȴǰȻֵضûС
һɷǳһ͵س壬һ˲·ƿ壬ãӶЩٶ
˵㶼֪ʲôﵽд½Ӧôߣȵ
ңҲ֪Ӧôߣȴ֪д½ԯȣ̫ǿһҡھд½ĸԴȥģһԵġźֻЩܿƣƺڳһԨ롣
ŶͻȻ˷ˣãҹȥҵҪ˭
źźָķ򣬳ǡڵλѸٳȥ
챾Ǿͷǳ£õʮħ֮󣬲һ飬ڵǿϼǸ£ٶ֮췲۶Ѽ
ȫ֮£ûã𽥽ӽˡ
ףڴʱǡԱߵļգ̧ͷһվһء
оһɼΪǿ겨Էɿٶȿһ֮ǿڵĹħһֲĸо
˫йâڣһѾ˽׼ˡ
ͻȻͫһɫȻ䣬ʧе㣬ô
ž
ź屻ԶԶһԣĿٿڼյǰվֵؿ˼һۣɻϵң
ؿżգҲȻϤĸоȥʱȴô벻
㣬ܹڽˣЩԺкȻһ
ôǰļңӺˡ
һǿѹĵУ۾˺һ૵ңǼգ㣬ǵ𣿡
գգաü˼һ͵һһŵĿϲֱֱؿգǳգ⡭ôܣôܰ
ᣬܿƵشӼۿһ֪ôؿżգૣôܣôܻ
һ̣۾ҲˣӵؿЩ״Σˣˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô⵽ôһ£
˵һЦʼ֪һϸ˵

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һҡ⳽УͻȻȻһЦǡͣˣһܲˡ
ˣҪҪǰ׼һ£
ţ׼һ°ɣһʱ⳽ͣǳ֮⣬Ҫֱӽ䣬Ƚһǳϵȫɱ˵
ףˣһǳϣкܶʿۼ죡Ȼǧʿôһ£
ţǧʿҲһŤǰ̹۲һͫǹɫʣˣǧʿһʵļһ
ˣ᲻Ǽһ֪׷Ȼµ壿
пܣôʿǵġ⳽֮£ҲһҪɢߣֻҪܹ֮ǵʮʿǱ㲻Ҫģ
ˣҪҪʼ
׼ɣ
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졣
䣡
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Ǳˣ
ʲô
һҡ⳽Ȼ³޴Ļߣڻ֮Уһǿⱬȥ˷ɢ
ǿ֮£ͷ۵ħ֣ͻȻֳ
ħĸ֣ͣȻֱ֮ţı˸ƺǳ֮Ӱ졣
ͷ۵ħ࣬ȫ壬һԣǡ⳽ҵغš
ǡ⳽Ļߣ䵽ǵϣȻ˿ãħֱֵۣһ䵽⳽ϣᴫһ춯صĺ
ħˣ죡Щһô
һҡ⳽֮У͵شļУͷĸ߽ħˣǵùôЩһ
ܻеȥͣǳĹǳȥħͷħǿޱȣԱ¶⣬ǿɲܣ
ף
Ǳħ˹ġ⳽Ȼһ֮Ĳһɿ͵ĳ֮£һҡ⳽ҡҡλΣȻħֵĹֱ½ȥ
ڵһҡ⳽Ҳû˿ԥһǿƶ֮£Ҳ½ˡ
䣡
ҡ⳽ڲִټ䣬ֱײһɽϣſͣ
ݣ
ħˣԽ˻֮أӾ֮Ͻƺ׼Ŀֱ꣬ҡ⳽й
ҡ⳽֮е֣ûüһͷת
Щħķ蹷ǵɫ浱۸ˣ챩ŭڴǡ⳽֮зɳİɫͻȻһ޴Ĺֳ
찵ɫ֮ͫУתһ£һɺƴ겨ͻȻϴ
ٿأһϴСɫһӳħȥɫ֮ûһ˿ħ֮͵رը
ռ䱻ըһռдп񱩵ķɽȥ˸Ӧ
ħֵ壬ǿռеĳ֮£ϱһۿɼķ϶һħĸңȻֱӱǿռнͷȫеˡ
ʣµһͷײеضԵͺһسȥ

ףǱսǿŸոպ͸ϵļգûüпͻȻɫһ䣬ĿӦһ£ħ壬ģǴɰ
ȤߣǹȥĿӦһ£һЦƺȻȤ


470 Ӻ
ħ˺ˣһ⽵٣ȻϽսһ
ͷħħҲǸ߽ˣʵ׺ǿܹӲǺĳ
ȻɫԲ£ĿռУȴ˲佫߽ħˣһħ˵ͷ
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һնͷħû෴һ߽ħͻȻֱָ϶ڣٿðޱȵצ⵶һ
һӰһУһ߽׵ͷħ˲Ƶǰ
ɭɭצһͷԵͷ­ݺݵȥ
ߣ찵ɫͫУһ˿ЦһֱֱһðٸĴ֣Ȼһӽһĸ߽ͷħסˡ
˿˿˿˿߽ͷħǴǵ£һŭХ
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һſԣͻȻ˺ѰʹУȻɫ׼һͷ߽ħɱ
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
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α죡ͷħԾһͫǾ
һδͷħոֳǸͷٿ쳤˲䵽ǰǲСͷ͵رþ޴ޱȣȻһԡ
һҲҽҪľڶǸͷħϣǷų촥֣һ˲ջء
ΧͷħХ͵غˣſ³һ໡磬γһƬǰ
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һͷħ˲䴩˵䵽һҡ⳽Աߣͷſһҧͽһûȥ
һ˽ͷħҲʼչֳٶȣ룬ͼֶһ

ЩʲôһɫɽϣԶԶŽսˣһȻ
ħ壬޾ĸߵ壬Ӧ鷳ģħ׼ɱ½ϵʿɵǾȻһУչɱ¾ǹһĽǶȣ͡
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˵ȶǰɣܾˣȻȥȫǡյ
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ħļһǿж磬֫ӵſ񱩵һˣ˶ǱӴܣƺҺǿ
֣ƺóԶĹ屡ֻܹϰɫ
һЩһƺÿÿڹؼʱ򷢻á
Ʃ簵ɫ׼Ĺ֣ɫԲбĿռУ໡ȵȡ
еǵĹÿһֹ˺ħ֡
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ĸ֣ϵ˺ħˣȴ޷ɱǡ
ȻһħֿˣͻᾡȫĹ֣һ飬ħ˵ǵǰһĸ־ͻᱻɱ
ħĸ֣ƾǿȣͷеͨͿֱ˺Щɫףֵ嶴
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ǵͷ­ͷ­ħֻ֮Ҫÿһͷ­ˣǾͻ᳹𣡡ĸ֣СţͽʣµӦʣµħˡ
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Ĺ۲ħƺǿһ㣬ΪȽǿ󣬿Բٿɱǿܹħάָƽ⡣
ȻһǲܹڶʱħħˣǾͻǳΣա̶̼ӱɱҲǲܵ顣
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һɼΪѪϢͷһħϴһ̣һħ·ɫѪš
ã䣬ͻȻͷľȥ׼Ųơ죡
ˣǡŲơΪ˶Ըа𣿡һĸ֣סˡ
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ħǿҪȾŹʿ۷֮ǿ߰˱
ˣħһǿᣬٶȿ쵽ۿɼЩ춯صûʲô˺ǣңǵˣֻҪͷ­ڣħ˿Ӱ졣
ôڣͷħɨɺ򣬻治Ƕôѵ顣
ĸͷһħϿ񱩵ϢԽԽǿ׼ִɱʱһ¶һɻ󣬲ɵسżպͼɽһۡ
ãˣյͺһüͷ΢塣
ǾͶְɣⲻǾҸӺЩȫˣٺЦһħ⡣
һ䣬մӦѾһɳ죬һɫһ㣬Ȼǿħȥ


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ħβڼ壬ԶԶħָ
ͷһǿħһѱĵͺ类ŭҰޣĸֱһҸӳųħץȥ
צֱָԽԽһ׳ļ⵶ڡ
ȳһħδħǰʮףͱħҸ¶ֱ۸ǷצӺݺݵسŵһͷħȥ

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һ˿겨ȻǽɫԲдԲӡСɣȴɫסˡ
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㣬ԣֳͫ˾壬Ŀ
֫ܳģټ֡յħ嵭ƽֵҶˡ


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죬Ҳ͵һеԶ
ףһЦԵҲϵ
ô˵ţŵһֳһһʹ⻷зݳȥڼ̵ʱʹ⻷͵һҡ⳽ڴγһʽ硣

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ձǶħ忴һҰظһڷħѾƿ֮󣬲ŷϹžűγɵɽ壬һһ롣
һɽʧɢȥҡ⳽½ϵʱһжѾ֮ˡ
ˣħĸֱʣĸֱ֣ͼɱһ֮УǴĿˡ
һɽ峷Щ½ĸ֣Ǿŷ죬ҡ⳽Աߡ
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Цŵ˵ͷյģħҲˡ
ôһ˵½ĸֶľϲشš⳽¶ǳĶ顣
üƳЩһۣյ̫˵ǻ³ҪǿҪǲСıˣûѹǡ
˻һЩɺĸ֣ȫɫһ䣬ʵʵÿҼǡ⳽
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ҡҡͷ֪λãӦɡ
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Ųơǿӡ̣⡰ŲơҪͷųʮʿƶҪ˱ᡣ
ܹõǡŲơʹ÷̫Ҫⲻ鷳ҲЩˡ

ֹһ죬յıȻվҵжϺϵŦˣ
ô˵ţıǡ⳽ĲٿԲǶԲϰһɫĹâ֮һʯɫʯͷֳ
Ƕʯɫʯͷ룬ˮЩˮлĹ㣬Ĺâ
ֻҪԲ룬Խλôݵǣǿ֪һҡ⳽λáһ֣һɫʯͷ鿪еĵâɢˮһء
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ҲһǺȥҲ׷ϣһҵЩ뿪ʮʿҲؾʲôˡ
ϣ˰ɡЦЦ

ֹ죬յĻ֪ƿЩķ֪Щ;
СޣûбУֻǿ˲˺ѿռ䣬γڶռмɫԲоһ飬귴ĳ֮󣬲ŽɫԲ׼ԺΣյʱʹá
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ԭȴȫƳˣ˵ԵС
ûǿͼ˵һЩд½ħĵڶǼ̽Щֵļ䡣
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ϧ⡰ŲơȴҪһַǳϡٵϽǾ˵ϽǾǳϡ٣ΪŻ֮еǳ֮룬пܲȭͷСһϽǾ
һҲֻ쵽˺ҴСһϽǾʹǡŲơӣԭ׼ԸħģȴΪѲħ壬òħϡ
ҴСһϽǾˡ⳽еħ˲ɢǼĹⶴȻȶˣɼǡŲơĿˡ
֪ǡŲơ֮󣬼̾Ϣһ֪ϽǾʲôģҲ֪ʲôطУЩʧ
ˣ㲻˵ʶʲô𣿰Ǳɻǣǳ֮ž޴ԣ˵֪ʲôطϽǾءԹ壬һ䡣
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ǲĳ޸ٹ̣һҪҲ汨𣬵ǵ˵治֪ʲôǳ֮ϵʱҲֻܹʱͷ
һ·ûʲô⣬ط󣬾ڡ⳽˵ŶС
˶־̫֮ķ̸꣬ʲô⣬˶ܹƽһ·̫ȥ

ңԶһ޴֮ϣһɽϣΰ
һ֮Уһεƽ̹֮ϣһյյʯֵƣЩʯֵ֮Уӡһͷۻͷ࣬ƺ˯ߡ
ͻȻյʯֵϨˣǾʯе࣬ʧ
һĸͷħ֣ϥЩʯֵ֮УĸͷϽյ˫ͻȻˣÿһж˱Ĺâ
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ͷħˣһ˫չֳŭ⣬һץʯֵսˣһ˿˿ڹǾʯֵתġ
ͷħ֣ƺѰʲôһÿһ϶Գŭ֮飬һ
ֻһɽУֲħˣ׷׷ֱźȥ

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ʲôˣܴǰĽأǲҪɼǳ֮һˣе
˰ɣ֪֪ǰأٽһǲһˣ֪һЩ飬ŭе
ˣۼ׿ʼζһǳЩۼֳĸ֣ƺʱᷢƵġ
Ȼһ⳽ͽ˵˵Դ
Щһֻԯȵĸֻżһˣ֮⣬˽룬ЩɺĸľŹʿҲֻԶԶ۲죬û롣
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ΧһԭŵǳЩŬ֮£Ѿʼ¾ۼеˣٶȥҪ˶ãЩеǳ֮ͿԲժˡ
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조šһûٶ˵ʲô
һ򣬵Ͽ˵Ӱǿ֮ԳѸٵʵգôˣ
֪ϽǾ𣿡ûйĨǣֱʵ


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ҵҪϹžűУǲǻܹΪΪϹžűеļգЦؿźգơ
ռȻϵϹžűӦþ˵󷨵һ֮ǰĹɱ󷨣Ըһʮʿ⣬ǺջǸո̤硣
һһҪףȴðȻ롣
ֻ֪оŹ֮ļգֻܹӳϹžűʮ֮һ˵еһûˡ
СտЦапࡣ
㵽не
ȥҡͷû裬ȥԼ𣿡
ǻԯ𣿡ЦԴ֮һٽȥ
Դ֮ԪӦһ䣬ͻȻϹžűֳһɻصаϢ͵شϹžű󱬷ֻһ׸ߵıԺֻǣһ˫ؿ˺һۣ¶һѪȻڼյİ֮£½Ԫ顣
Դ֮ħϢѾһˣǻδ׽ħ鷳ֻһѾԴ֮ӵ˲ѷɫʮʿ
ǸȻɫżյǸﹴһ𣿡
ǣǸѾҵѸͬˣԺˡɫ䵭䲻ȵֻҪ㣬д½ϣ㻹ǿһҪΪԼ޵ˣߣݻԯȣΰ㣡


480 ʮʿ
ıԴ֮Ϊͬ˹ħԵʣ֮ǿԲһʮʿԴ֮óأټֵõ˹ħ츳ͨǲġ
ĻҪǺһʮʿսռϷ
ݼԺһЩƬ֪ʮʿһУҲΪС磬ʱȴ֪ǺӦŵĽ׶Ρ
ʱĺգʮ֮δȹԽʮʿӳҪǺͱԴ֮ˣ˵
ǣԱ߻һڣջδħŪ
£˵ɨ£Ȼǿһ㡣
ˣڱԴ֮Ժ󣬺һԵЩ
ϸ۲ļգһ¶εɫаһŽϹžűȥߵյǰ֪۰ᣬȴǿġ
ճ̾һѾͷЩӲңһֱߣͻƵʮ֮Ӵ˵뿪ΪЩʲôѾͷȴֻһˣҶ߶
ôһ˵Ҳ޿κΣЦˣͱģгһҲ뿪ˣҵġ
Σεص㲻ǿǣʵ˵Ѿͷĺܲ
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Сһﵽôһ£ϣҸоаϢ᲻ձаͬɫ֪ǸаǳǿҲǿԲô׶Ըģ
Ҳ֪гһͬˣһᴦ¡Ҳ̾һ
һ뵽Դ֮⣬ҲЩ޼ƿʩ
ȷڱԴ֮ƺԽħʶĨȥ̫ħϢڲ֪䣬ħϵϢѾӰ˵ıԡ
һаһ泹ռϷǸʱ򣬱Դ֮ؽΣ¡
ȵǸʱ㻹ܹס𣿡յ
֪ҾΪڣҲסˡջش
ôһ˵յǲ˵ˡ
һպȻЩ⣬һżȻһأǸطһԶǰıһоŲ㣬ƺǴ֮ǰĴڣҵεһ㣬ڵڶǰͱһˡ
ʲô˼һȤ
ҽꡣʾ죬Ȼ˵ǱоŲ㣬ĸֽƺͽ磬ÿһ㱦Գһ磬ֿµ̾ţǵһһʱ䣬ǵһĥ£õһʶƬҲſôͻƵʮ֮
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һ£Ц֪ĻҰɣˣ˵˵̫һ·̰ɣ֪;ٸߵ֮ǣ֪𣿡
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ܹõǱеıгһЩİ½򣬶·;о
ôһ˵պȻɵˡ
̫·;УȻ֮ǰˣҲֲ̫˰ɣ
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Ǳ϶ΣգΪʲôҪҪȥʡ
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ǸˣʵֳֻܹϹžűʮ֮տЦ
֪Ҳ㹻洳һˣģһιȥʱֻ̬һȥҿ϶ǰ϶һҪһЩ²
ҿǿǰɡԥһ£ȴ²ġ
УʱҲ뿪һǱջұȻҪһĺôҲֲϵΪˡ̾
ţҿǿǣҾˣһȥ㡣ջش
áյ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôӰһΣѳԣһץʧڽ롣
ۿź˲ɢüͷ壬سԯȥ
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ԯȲرԶһСɽεض֮ԯڵˣȻ֪վһˡ
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գмҪ㡣̸ҲȺУԥһ£̸ɫЩŹ֡
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Сˡ̸ֳһ£ŵ
ˣɫһ䣬ʲô˼̸ֺ֪̼ҵ˻ʱʱͨͨѶϢ̱ʲôһҲת
Լɡ̸ֽһذ׵ż㲻ڶ˵ʲôֻЩӡ


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ҲϲҲ뿴Ȼ˵ӣû֪ͨ㣬ԭҵĲǶԭҵ˽
ˣһ뿪ˣлİûİһԶﲻŹ۷֮Զûмһ
֪һҲͻƵʮ֮һ㣬ǿ϶ٴμġ
ǶĵҪǵңǵЩ
ǻټģҼţ

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̧ͷãã񷣬Ȼһ̾þ
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˵ձƻʱ򣬹ҲȻʧЦ˵Ǻ
˵ľŲ㱦ʱ򣬹ɫƺ̫ͬȥðա
ս龭ˣԥһ£ȥǾŲ㱦֮أǺ⡣
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ţֻҪǡܹžʮ֮ͻƵʮ֮Ҳ֪ջ᲻Ըң˵һͻƲʮ֮ء
ճһ£ֵţ鷴һʱұչһʱ䣬ջҵģǸʱѾʮ֮òʵҪȥҾðȥһˡ
ڴˣЩҲö˵ʲôˡһ̾СģҪǺǺͼǶ˲ǿǰȥ
Ҽǵˡյ˵ͷ
ֺ͹̸һЩ̫飬ձûж˷ʱ䣬һͷ˱չصʯС


ʯľˮ֮ˮһڵĽлţ˫յļգɫ֮ҫţһַ˵
һ˿˿ֳ֮ȻƤݻĳ
̫þУɼյľ;Ѫ֮ڣǳϰĹ켣ڻ˶š
ͬʱ̫þ֮У֮Ũÿһ䡣
ˣ̫֮þ֮ƺ˹ʲͬļգһ̫þ֮У̫þڲϵؿأܻ֮С
֪˶á
ջȻľһؿǰСˣôˣ
ǰӦһֱԪڵıԴ֮СһаĪ⣬һȴЩᣬԼԼ͸¶ζ
ҪˡԴ֮ûһԵúʽ
һ̵ıԴ֮Ҳ֮ǰʶıԴ֮ûҺˣƺö˵ʲôϻ
Ҫˣһ㵣ɫһ䣬㣬ѾħϢȫͬ𣿡
šԴ֮˵ͷ䵭ҵõңǿɰ裬ѾûҵĶҪ뿪
ҲҪ뿪ôյһ䣬Щɬ
̱ͻƵʮ֮֮󣬲ǶŸո뿪ûãԴ֮ҪˣȻôּįˡ
ǰ̫һˡ̾Ϣһ
ţоǲ̫һһҡԴ֮СС۾͸¶һ˿ζһĮһ㣬ƺֱúǰһˣտգҲûʲô˼ˣȥˡ
ҪӦҲɱ޹ؿͻȻȻ
Դ֮һͷҴӦ㣬ǡټģ֪ôһġ
֪ɱ޹ڱΪҲŹġպһɫȻȥɣӦյģãã̫ĸߵ壬˵˵ܹҵ̬Ƶͬء
㡭ذɡԴ֮ͷС˲䴩ʯ壬һ˲侹Ȼˡ
ҸԼȡ˸֣мһڱĵطˣǾˡ
Դ֮һʶʯдôһѶ֮Ϣɢ
૵Ȼ飬Ҳ޷ȥ
ãЦҲҶȥˣ
ʯ˺ܳʱ䣬ͻȻվʯҴ򿪣ǹͻȻ͸ҫʯС
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ú󣬼еãʧȴ֮İ
ŰɣҺܿͻǵ㼣ѰӲ̫ãңһܿѰģ
ͻȻһɳ죬ӰΪ㣬ʱʧˡ

塣
ƾɵСУۣ·Ѿ˯ˡ
ͻƵʮ֮Ϣټһ׼ңҲֻ׿֪ˣһֻ֪Ǿƺһˡ
ʱҲֻ׿ˣʱʱҲϽ׿͸¶¡
Щ£ѸͣѾ֮չ׼һûй
ϰ˹µֵ徻ôһСУɺһǳ
Ȼ䣬Ƿɢͫâ㼯
Сӣôҹ͵͵ǱˣյͺһŽµؿȥ
һӲʯأһֳһԾ˺յǰҾˣðȥһˡ
ɫһϲٺٵҿɵܾˣ
ǵطĶʡ
𼱣һȥǶġЦЦľˣڣ
һˣ飬ҲڣһġЦ
Ǿͺãպ⣬ˣ㻹δ޵ʮֱܹ֮ӽǺУ˵
ţҡ⳽һɷģһһҡ⳽;Ĺߣ㶼˷ϡյ
úúãҾ֪СһףոӸˡ
ʲôʱʡ
ֻҪ׼ˣʱԳ
ǺãǽΣ
԰
ãߣȥ̶
û⡣

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һҡ⳽ڴصĺУԱߵĵصݳԶ³ߵġ⳽һغ档
һ⳽Уڴʱմǡ⳽ڳðԺյɡ
áһЦ׼롰⳽
̶֮Уؿš⳽š⳽죬Ƕ̶Ĳľݻ١
Ŀռ򣬱İ˽롣ڡ⳽ϣߺһ䡣
ţ֪ˡشһ䣬붾̶С
ɣЩ棬ôģǼһϣҲһɲǡĴγɵˡ
ûʲôֵģôʲôпܷġЦЦ
ŵ㣬˵̫Ĵ⣿ڡ⳽֮شӿڴһȭͷСʯͷض˼ա
Ͻɫ壬ŵǹ⣬·һйɵתţĿĹ˸ˮһʯͷϴ⳽ճϽɫε۾ЩӦ
ϽǾվһеʲôطģ
ҪȥĵطһĲ⣬ɢǶʯͷܶأȵǶԶռһЩ


482 ר
ʯͷкܶ࣡
ĵõһ仰ڼͶһʯĺ˾ξˡ
ϽǾŻǲмʲôһСʯǵϿڰλûܹӵһСϽǾɼϽǾжôˡ
ıȴôĲ⣬һƽӣԿ
ϽǾǴ߶ŲơĻʯûϽǾһҡ⳽ֻǰ裬Ӳá
ȻһϽǾһǡŲơʹˣȴɱʮ֮ǿߵ
ˣ˵ϽǾ˵һıϡ
ؿźգһʱ飬һͻȻڴ
СӣҪһʯͷãռһ䡣
ţáյͷȻڡ⳽ǡŲơٴա
⡰ŲơһָͷϸɵģЩСӱ鲼ˡ⳽ĸСУԴ˷һͳֲ
⡰ŲơǺͲٿء⳽ԲһǶԲϵһָ˵Բ̵һҲΪ
ΣԲ̵棬ÿһ϶һʯͷȫǽʯŲʾһȻȴѸ㵽ֵʯ
ȥʯ֮صʱ򣬴չ˲ٵʯͷʯŲʾ棬ǵʯͷҲС
ε룬һԲεİۣ۲ΪؼĲ֡
ҪڷŽϽǾֻϽǾ棬εװòԷͨЩСӴ䵽棬ǡŲơͷų
յԲ·һȡһϽǾһ£ͽϽǾǰ۲롣
ģϽǾһ棬ǰ۵ı߾ֳһ˿ϽǾο۽ˡ
ͻأϽǾҫϽɫ⣬Щ̲ϽǾе˸˸㣬Ȼʧˡ
һ̣ЩȻԱߵĽʯŲʾֳʼԱʯͷм
Ȼ䣬ϽǾԱߵʯͷ·һ壬һµʼںϣʯͷпʼÿһʯͷе߷
زԲֳҪͨЩС׸ݳȥ
Ȼԣ
һղȡŲơæֽϽǾ
ϽǾһԲİʧʯͷĹʧӰ٣ҪͷųġŲơҲӲֹˡ
ֳһЦݣĽһϽǾպã׼ڹؼʱá
һ£һϽǾ̲صά֡Ųơʮã
Ҫȵͷųʱ仹ҪһЩ
ʮ룬㹻׻ˣֻҪĲ˲ԶԶһŲơ϶ǳҡ
֡üͷ૵ǲЩˣСӣոոʲô
ûʲôֻԶˣšȻһЦվôʵʵٶ˵ʲô
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տʼλãӦʲôطȥ
ףħһ𣿡һȻ
Сӣô֪ħģüͷһһľֻһƺԭ򣬡һǴӰǱ֪ģ˵Ͱϵǿ϶ܱߵһЩߵ彲ˡ
ղÿɷ񣬵˵ĵطħľɣ
ħǿᣬһжħľڣһһЩ߽׵ħȻǳ鷳
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˵ǸطΣգ
ΣնˡտЦô࣬ʱȻ֪ˣһҪħľ򣬵ʱעһ㣬Щħ˷ˣʡ鷳
ҾΪɡ
Щ׵յϿ˵ħرһ壬ġ⳽壬һħľڣ᲻ʲô鷳
ôϿʼʱӭе׼

ʱҴңһգ۰ʱȥˡ
⳽Ѿ̫̫ͨɺһصĽӵ㣬ããȥ
һ·ϣ˿տ޼ʵİ⣬ֻˡ
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⳽µĻߣʮ׿⽥ã⳽ٶҲųٻһЩڡ⳽еǽϵϢȥ»ᱻħˡ
Ǻյָ£պָʾķ򣬴һܼʯشлȥ
һʯطǳ죬ǲϵطģһʯһС
⳽һһʯУͲɱؿʼЩʯ⳽ӲıЩʯ£һӡǳ
ʲôطЩʯΪʲôɢȻۼһ𣡡ղٿš⳽ıԹš
ʲôطֻҪǵǱˣֻطΧûħĸ߽ħפأΪ˲Щ鷳ħķһЩҲֵõġǰѽ˫ؿǰ䲻ȵ
˵ɣЩʯҷ䣬ҿͷԽԽĵʯôĻ鷳ˡյ
ģҪʯҪв⡮⳽һշ˸ۣ͵˵Сӣרһ㣬˭˵һ㲻ħҪһЩ
аһ䣬ֻüԲУ̽ǰԼľΪۣΪ⳽ϵѰԱܿʯ·߳
һҡ⳽칤רΪģΪó֮Բ̵ĲٿҲҪ֮Ӧ칤רΪġ
ȻһþٿأھܵĿʱȴҪ߶ȼУ״£ؽԲУҽʶſΧһб仯
Ƿǳķġ
һʶɢݳȥעǰУ˫ԣһǱ߷ž֮شһ޴ʯ֮´Խȥ
Щʯв̱ȫˮֳ
Ҳһ̣ȻЩ


483 ħ
꾫̫󣬶Ҫһǿʿ˵һǼɵ飬ѣκͻ㱸ǲɱ⡣
һڳԺ֣ûʲôֵֵġ
һΣȴƺЩ̫һ
̫һʱЩѣε̱ڡ⳽ʲôûȥ룬Щڼеġܹžһȴʻ
ôһ̣ΪΪÿһʩչʱбһų
ǡܹžķͻȻֳЩ㱣ΪлЩ֡
ֻһͲ˲֮ͬ
ƣľЩžֳƺĳһʱ䣬Ȼñ̹Ǵ֮ˮ裬˵ˬ졣
壬һ˿˿Ԫ˲仯ΪɣϢгеĳ鵤ҩһ㣬ֱԺݹȥ
ϢԺֳǿݽƣľһӾͺתЩʧľʼѸپۼڼ̵ʱڣĳ
ܿأƣ˫һξˡ
ԭһֱ˫ۣһô̬ȣʱҲˣֵض˼ۣ΢ɲ˵ͷ
Űʱ֮İ£յľȻָɣֻ˲

Ȼϥ̬Цſ˿գԭ̫۵ĻҲԸԼһЩģֵľ
ǹһЦ⣬СӻȤȻô콫ָЩء
ǺǣǵȻˡҲϣɢݿεڡ⳽棬̽ʲô
ѾʯתĹħһľУһ黹ֻһЩǵأǣЩϲûʲôϢħһȤ
İɣһȫǣӦòʲôħĸһħ˵ҲõģϲûħҪʣǵûһáƳһۡ
ôһ˵շô⣬Щɢʶȫջˡ
Ҫòܹħ򣿡ʡ
Ұɣõ£;ħۣһħ˲̫ͷħǾ鷳ˣһħͷǾҪĶˡյ
ħˣʿľʵʲô𣿡
һħͷǸˣͷħ൱ǾŹ֮ʵȻΪħǿԵʣҪͬʿһЩĸͷħǾħĸˣ׶εħʿŹʮ֮м䣬ȾŹʿǿֱʮ֮ǿһЩ
ͷħǱħǿˣʵʮ֮ǿߣҪһħֻܹߣû취սȥ
ϸһħ
ԭӰһħȴͷͷĸͷֺ£һ𣬱һͷ֪֪ôһ£ջһ½ľȻѯʺա
ɫһ䣬һħģ
ʲôŹ𣿡յıЩ죬ѵħǣ
ͷͷ֣һͷħǿмԼǱ֮ǿڶʱһͷģºһشʮ궼ָһķš
ܹĸͷһħһħĸߵ壬һôָߵħˣĽһء
ôС֣Щ׵Ǿͽ½Щ˵˳
ʲôǸħɱˣմʧɫ
ʲô⣿Ȼɱǣûʲôϵ㼤ʲô
һɫȻһħʱһħڱڣħħеһԼ¼ÿһħľħһЩħƻȻȻϨ𣬲ħȴͨħ֪ǰ飡
ô˵Ǽħ½ľȫұħ֪ˣȻ
϶ġտЦôһħ϶ᷢսģһħһɱħ϶ưոݡ
ʲô£嶼壬ǹҧˡʼ磬һν
СӣǵжøӼѣΪǳҪ֮⣬Ҫħ彻Ľ彻սǸط϶ðһҡ⳽ǴģһǶħĸֶȻὫ㵱ĵԴս͡
üͷʵܹܲܿ
ܡ̾Ϣһˣôˣϣǵһ㣬Ҫǽսеʱ·ҪǾҪѪһս׼ˣЩħļһɲὲʲôأҲϻǿǡ
ˡճһ£ͻȻͷʯͷ㻹ûУ
һ飬ʲô
ңʱҿ⡮⳽ӳ˵԰ͻ彻֮ء
Ȼһ£ִһϽǾԶԶһˣҲ֪ʯͷãûжã㿴Űɡ
һϽǾȻǰһ黹ҪһЩ
һϲܺúܺãһϽǾҾһ⣬ҪȻһȥˣٺ٣
СӣˣûлͷĻ㣬ӲȥҲȥˣպߺߵǮ֣ҵĶҪҰ¡
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һϽǾܹӳԵˣǽս֮زرĻȫһϽǾħȫɢ
һϽǾôһ˾͸ӱˡ

ʱҴңԽʱת۹ȥˡ
ħУ˱Ϊħĸ֣һ·϶СģȻʱȥˣȴȫǰװ׵ˣʱڣ˰ȻȻ˳˳ɹ
;һЩӵǳ֮ĻǵʱҲûиоħֵϢڣ˰İ
ֹһ£һҡ⳽ڴħ򣬽ħĽء
һһſϴסˡ
ǡ⳽ԲҲȻС㣬ÿһС㣬һǿų



484 ټʬ
ԲеĹ飬Կһ£нٸЩ㲻̫һ£ֳɫΪ֣ı̬
Բе״һֳϾ֪鷳ˡ
ǰһһսڽţûĻս˫Ȼħ壡
һҵս
ԲеĹ㣬ʱʱϨһÿһ˸Ϩζһսᡣ
ȻǰսУÿһ̶
塢ħ嶼йӴ֪ߵÿһ˵ʵó֮ħó֮
ߵĸ֣ôһ򽻷ţսң״£ðȻѰ·
ãǱߵ˻᲻ᷢһҡ⳽
ͻȻðôһͷɫ΢䣬ʼԼԼϵϢȫȥϣܹⱻԷĸַ֡
ǲħǿߣħȻ£̽ȴǳҲܹħľͨһԭ
ȴӦһҡ⳽壬⳽еԲ̿ԷǰЩڡ⳽еıĸ֣һԷǣ
ôձӽˣæԺյ鷳ˡ
ֻüͷôˣţ֪һûô˳ˣ鷳ҲСһ㣬ʱҪϣҪˡ
յͷʼֽУʼԲУٿš⳽һΪƫƧĵشȥ
һǣȻӦгֳ
һϲյԥš⳽ֱһȥ
֮ŷһ򲻵ֻһǣһǵǰ࣬ʮǴڡ
ôһոӾϲˣÿʱϣ˵ԶܵһĽ档
أ⳽𽥵ؿһˣɢݿظӦš
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ǵùȻˣһе鷳ˡε̾Ϣһˣ׼ôȥ彻ս֮󣿡
նǶеĹâ˸ͣƺڳ˼
һյȸ£廹ڽս˵һսܾãһڶĻǾֱӴȥôˣȻǱͣϢļǵҲԶһʱ䡣
ţǾ͵һʱˣϣǿڰ½յͷ

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ڡ⳽аǡܹžļգͻȻӦһļµĸоܾƺʲôаļһĽӽˡ
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Ȼ֮üͷ壬ʼʶſɢ翪Ѱһܡ
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Ȼֲĸоͷ֮ɢӾòԾˡ
һʱһֱܹž·ĹУԼƺõĳȻ֪ȴ֪һֺõ
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ϵĲƺڿ޶ĸȻʶûв쳣ǲĸоȴʼմš
е㲻ԾͻȻվմˡ⳽ĳڣҪ濴
ۣô£
֪ΪʲôܾƺΣսʶſֲ쳣Ҫȥ
ģҪʲô쳣ҿԸоҼȻûиоӦþͲ顣ղں
СĵáҡҡͷǲźգԼĸоôһϣʲôΣգҪ׼Ϊ
㣬Ҿʹˡ
մӡ⳽˳ڡ⳽֮ϣĿҪʲô쳣
һ޼ʵĻţϵһЩֵʯͷ֮ÿһͬǴһǵȫһЩصʯͷЩʯͷкܶ඼ʯ
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ԾǺͼֺǺͼû⣬ҽܱߵһſӡµͼ֮Ժŷ
һǳںǺͼֳ֮Ǻͼûʲô⣬ζΣյʱںǺͼ뿪ôһϣǲ̫ˡ
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ƺˣǣʬŶԡĹ죡Ǽһôģչֽе
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죬ǹʬ˵Ƴĳǿƺܵʲôٻ˾طȥӦǻصߵˣոգҲһʬҪҸоûĻӦǹʬϴģ
ҵ˵ȴûʬΪʲôҸоֵˡ
ʬû㵱ȻоտЦ
ǹʬǿռʡ
ų޾Ϊս壬ܶԸ嶼ռϷ磬˵ΪйʬҲ֪ʬжǿӦòյ
ճĬˣŵǻǿ߰ɣҪ֦źá

ͻȻ⳽洫ҵײһɴͻȻӡ⳽汬ֻڽͻȻĳһ顣
ҿմһϵ϶ǼһˣӦǿҪߣͻȻˣ
ʬֻôһײ⡰⳽͹ĳһҪǸײ£⡰⳽Ҫɢܣ
ôû˿ԥСһϽǾȡǶԲġŲơǸĵİڡ
͡Ųơ﹵ͨն˵ϷˡŲơ
ɢ翪˷ϢΧγĪĴų
ǣ
Եʯ֮һ㲨ɢݿ˷ȥ
һ˲䣬ЩƸӰһʼҷˡ
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һĥ̴СˮͻȻԲֳհŪһ£Ժյĳ
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ǻɳ̳סˡ⳽·͸Щ̳ԿոͣСɽº͸ɽȫʧˡ
һ·𱻾춯صıըˣеʯΪ촷ۣ˳Ʈɢ
ﻹǸո˴סĵط⿴һɳѻɳĮ
ɵģպȻԾؿǡŲơǲʮʿɱ
֪еֲոЦ
еֲǷǳؿֲһ૵ѹ˵дǶƵϣ⿪·˵ɱɱ񰡣
ҵϽǾҲԳʮˡ
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ףͻȻָˮḥ̂㿴
ֻһۣҲûʲô
µķɳУһݹ᾵ĸʬǧٿڷɳ䶯ӣȻվ̧ͷ죬һ˫ľͫƺԽ˾ڣ͸ˮĥ䵽˵ϡ
һ˫ľ۾һ£Ȼ䣬˶һëȻĸо


485 ʬ
⳽ϻ£ٶȳϴȥػΪһ㣬ֱʧټ
ڷɳվĹʬ̧ͷϣȫСĳְߵ㣬ֻһ򣬾Щߵ㶼ûˡ
ʬָ
ʬľȻͫУƺ͸¶һɱ⣬Ҫ׷ȥĴһɵ
ʱ򣬹ʬԵķɳѻɳƮɢһ欵Ӱֳ
һұŮˣһͷˮɫĳһֱ£ѩ׵ļĻƷţҪǼջᷢŮ¶ļϵЩźʱֵķżΪơ
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ŮеĲλֻɫĲ֪ļиǣһ˫аͫڳѰζɫʣһֻ֣һָָֻ׾Ȼһ׶೤ָҲһĻơ
һֻᰴԱߵĹʬڹʬһģʬϰǶһ
Ů̧ͷš⳽һʧ廰ֹһ䣬һץڹʬͻȻϷڰеʱŮӰģһϢûˣĵسš⳽Ǳȥ

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ȻŸոսԺвŸոЩŵʱ򣬾ʹӿһֱ˿ӵĸоƺʲôڰ۲ꡣ
ָоһţ׼ȥѰʱ򣬹ʬȻʵûбֳҪ׷ͼʱ⳽ҲǵĴ㣬֮ټȥӦѾһˡ
ѵǸʱʬѾԼĹ۲Լһ£
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մ˵ƺֻ˲ſʩչԼܹ᲻ᱻ
һ뷨Ժйһ飬տʼԽԽˣǹʬ˻᲻ᶢԼ
ͷԺһӿ֣ŷſȴܡ
죬ղȻɫ
ĸӦĳϢڸǻʬʬƺҲƲɢ
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Ȼ׷϶ǲģ˼Ȼħйϵһ⳽ħĽ֮أ˵ᱻħ˸ϳĻҲԿĿꡣ
ãһΪġ⳽в٣һҡ⳽ȥȻ鷳Ҳܹ׷˵ŻҴǶȥ
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һУضǣ֮Ŀտ֮һҡ͡⳽һҡ͡⳽֮䣬һҡ쳽ţ
һҡ쳽Ȼһսģ쳽ǧףž޴ĻߣԶԶȥǡ쳽͸һּ壬ǡ쳽ϴһĲֱ䵽ġ͡⳽С
һħĸ֣һҡ⳽֮䴩ţϵضЩ
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ǸʱеˣŻ֮гֳŸָħĸֽ档
һսƺˣһſϣ֮Ŀտ֮أħ˵ʬ塣
ϵʬ壬ǿ֮еʬ壬ħӶࡣ
Ľսʱ򣬼պͺճġ⳽ͻȻһİ֮سһͷĽս֮ء
ལ
⳽ֳԲʹٵ
Ҳ룬͵ذԲϣԲдϾʧˡ
ǡ쳽ϵѶϢΪ쳽Ҫȡ⳽һȼһķΧڣ쳽ϵԲ̿Լ⳽ϵԲ̣һ߽ϵ쳽ϵǿԿһҡ⳽
ȻǼԸ⿴ġ
ˣԲһ֪ԷԼˣ׼ϵˡ
һϵǡ쳽ĸ֣ͿԿģʱʲô鶼ᴩˣһ֪ġ⳽ˡ
ȥһԲ֮ϣͻȻǰӿħ˷˹


486 ͻ
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Щɱ̫ɺ꣬ɼ⡰⳽ڱǿǲġ
Ȼħʱȴƺܹô˳
ͷħǿˣȴûһֻ϶һСӰˡ
Щħļһﻹ棬ֻͷħȻܹסôǿĹˣͷħͷħȻ
㲻Ƕħ˽ôһ˵ôħǿƺĺ˽⣿Щɡ
ٺ١ոЦҶħ˽⣬ֻڵ;˵ʵҲûкħ˽һˣǵһء
տЦã૵ԭֻһǿ˰
ЩΣЩ˼

һҵĳڴʱڡ⳽ϴͨԲϵˮԿһͷħ֪ʱˣڡ⳽ĳʹ
Ҹµֱһקǡ⳽ĳڣƺҪڸƿ
ͷħΪĿͣһȻ⳽ҡҡλΣʼЩˣ⳽ǰٶȣҲȻϱٻ

մһ䣬һۣԺյˣ
ֻһͷħΪôһħŲơƺֵ̫ãʮ֮ΪһޱȣӦԽͷħɵ
ҰɡЦЦҲûƴǣȻͳǳڴŻͷԼյһЩڡ
Сһ㡣ڶһ䣬ٿµԲ̣ŪһƬ
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ͨµԲ̣ؿһǿԶһҡ⳽˼ʱץһˡ
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ЦеĽһ䡣
Ӳӽ»кȫӿ˺ѵĳڷ϶ڣȫעһħϡ
ѪҶһħţһĳ£ħҲܹͣһҡ⳽ˣ˺ѷεĲҽУӳԶɳȥ
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ݣ
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žžž
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ڲٿԲ̵ļ͵һĸоǿҲǡŲơֻ⡰ŲơӵļʡɢԵġ
оϲһԲ̣һҡ⳽ϵĳˡ
ߣͻȻԵüΪļУͷħˣʮͷħǸıĿ꣬׼Ǹˡ
ģǵùһ䣬һֻжáŲơˣţٸһ£ǹʬڲڸڸĻܹһ𹥻òˡ
ϣܹУոǹʬƺȻտЦ
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ųƲĹħҲԺҲһĵزûлָ֮ǰǿֻҪħܣҲֻ·һ
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ǸͷħҲֻǶһӶѣȻҲ𣬻Ϊޡ
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ʬԱߵգ˿˿ۼǡŲơӰ£һӰҲֳ
Ůˣ֮гԺԱһЩΧħȻ׷׹ֽߵ·ĳԴ
Ůƽ컨ƷžһȻ裬Ųơȫ棬ܹƤ
ؿǰġ⳽˸ƺ˼ʲô
ߣɫ䣬ٿš⳽ٶ룬Щ˾ۼĵطȥϣֵܹһŮˡ


487 
ǹŮ˵в£ղš⳽һͷľۼأЩһһҡ⳽ƺҲûжƣȻһʼ
Ҳɵӣ֪Ĳ߲Ǳˡ
ǿ⣬ǰһ˼պͺ˲ݵġ⳽Ҫһҡ⳽
׼
ǹâϽǾһαڡŲơﵱУͣЪġŲơһͷų˷Ĵų
г﹥ƺֲס⡰Ųơͷųһĵӵ£Щĸֹ׷ɢ
ôһĹ򣬼ѾԦš⳽һͷ룬šŲơһеǰ塣
塢ġĬϽǾάֵĽʣʱ䣬һϽǾҲץģʱ׼ɵһϽǾ
״Ů˷ӻ㱼ֳǰһָ
ħˣǰͺ̵سȥЩϮɱħǰһʬȻһȡ
ʬһͷײһҡϣȻһҡӲƿһ󶴣ʬǡֻͣУǡеһ֮Ĳҽбȥ
ʬһѪشǱϵġгǡʹһҡݺݵײԱߵһҡ⳽
һҡ⳽ϴ˾޴ĺĻߺͱϵġ֯һƺ˱ϵġϵʹһұϵġȻը
ҵıըϯԱߵġ⳽һҡ⳽ҲƿһѨʬûС
һĲҽУһҡ⳽еħҲûϢ
ʬһδӡ⳽߳ľקһҡ⳽Եıġ⳽ȥ
ͬķʬȻڶ̶̼ӵʱ䣬ҡըʹҡ⳽ڵȫ
ʬĿ·£ħЩʿ߰׷ɱۼĵطЩ⳽ϿʼչЩ˳ش
ʬǰЩħںйʬ·٣ʧȥڻˣֵֻܹ̿ӡ
ηħˣȫ׷ɱֻһ򣬾Щ˲أˣڡ⳽б㱻ʬɵˡ
һҡ쳽ϵشһŲơǿ⣬ҪǹʬɱȻԭ׼ȷġŲơһԹʬʼƺһʧȥ׼ǣʮɳȥҲֻһܹйʬ
ҪǹʬǡŲơ֮¾ȻδȥʬƵʬƺ谭֡ŲơĽôһǡ쳽֮ǿһЩĸҲʼŭˡ
ͻȻ䣬һ׵ˣ͵شǡ쳽зݳ
ͱ˲һĸϵȫǽӲӵɫ洫ĲҲһ˲һ
˾ȵȻֱǿ֮ͣ˿ǿֳ֮Ӱ죬Ȼ׵ˣĸ֡
һϳŹʬȥһѽӲӵĹ⵶ƼΪ
ãǴɣЦţһϽǾ͵ͶͷšŲơװС
һԦġ⳽ǲŸոͣġŲơֿʼ˷ĿĵĿըˡ
ħˣһЩŲơļ䣬ȫ׷׶ܣ»ᱻЩŲơˡ
ڡŲơĿ·֮£ռԦһҡ⳽ֱԽǰһҸߵȼġ쳽һ£ƺĳҪӰԦġ⳽
ϲˣһ׼ƹȥֳġ쳽ʲôӴ
쳽Ǳȡ⳽һȼĹߣָǡ쳽ûпԿơ⳽ˣջŽ̬ҪܹȥԽ뿪Խá
壡壡
ͻȻٿصԲд죬ֻԲȻâʢǿӰˮԲͻȻ鿪
Զġ쳽ڴһ죬ƺڲϵӰһҡ⳽Щ
꣡
µԲѿһ϶һҡ⳽ⲿĻһֹͣ£ԱǶʯ˸âˡ
⣡
һʶһǲԶġ쳽ӰһҴߵȼġ쳽ȻԵ͵ȼġ⳽ĳԼǡ쳽еĸַͬϿʼˡ
ʱ򣬡⳽ͣͲΧħĸ֣ǿˣԶйʬ񣬰иĹŮˣǺã
δʮ֮ҲûгԹǺ֮кУ̡ܹ⳽ֻܹһһҡ⳽ٵҲҪŵù
һ뷨ԺѸٹһ飬ͻȻ뵽һע⡣
Ǻͼֳʶſһſӡ֮гֳ
һſֳԺǺǺͼҲʼһС㣬ÿһСƺӦΧһǡ
ϣ԰Ȼ󲻹ܺյĲ죬ʼµԲ̡
ԲѿˣȻѾˣԲѿһǿġŲơҲֹͣ˷ļ䣬һϽǾеĹâڣϽǾеδù⡣
ϸһԲ̣üͷͻȻ̾û޸ֻܹӱġ⳽һ⡮⳽߲ˡ
һһʬѪػˣʬԶǸһɫ׵ĸ֣Ѿһʬ壬ǿ֮ƯţѾûһ
ɫһ䣬еôܣ
ոǸĸֺ͹ʬսĳǿģ۹һɫ׵ĸ֣Ҫһǿ౶һ㣬ܹǿ֮ͣͿԿˡ
͹ʬսʱ򣬼עһ£ƺ͹ʬడԭΪ߿Խһʱģϵʬô군ˡ
ԣ
ʶſǿ֮з·һ˫۾һֵʬһػۣЩǱָ׻ĺۼЩ۽ĸ˺ѣ档
ۣǸĹŮ˵ָɵģ
ʶʲôɫСһ㣬˵ǸŮѾԱˣ
վһ׼ȥһԲ̻ʵʵ϶Ů˾ڸ
ʬѾˣӦò̫ԶտЦ
УŪһԲ̹ҪȻɣһ˹ǣǳڣҳȥһԲ̹
ںֻоŹ֮Ϊһһҡ⳽군ˣܹʮ֮ΪǿкУɼյһܲסǿеĳ
ȥˣһа취ۼôҲˡ
ǺͼӰ֮£ͻȻֳһⶴǹⶴֳԺ󣬼Ͻеҽȥ
⵽ʲôطȻ
ˣ϶Ầˡռæߴ١
ʱǹʬѾˡ⳽棬ʼ˺ѹ⳽ĳڣҿʱƿһҹ⳽ͬʱһϵĲӿ˼յȫ
ˣ
Ҳ룬ʶǸĹŮѾˡ
Ҳƺ˲ûмȥһͷǹⶴ֮С
һսȥˣżҴҵطС
ⶴϢϣȻ˲仯Ϊһ㣬ǹҲʧˡ
˵Ӱʧһҡ⳽ĳڱʬ˺ѣʬɰͰ͵֮󣬿նľȻ۾תתƺѰʲôϧȴһ
ʬԣĲƵȻͼǸĹŮӰֳ
һ˼ձӦôŵĵطһͨ૵һĺᣬܹʩչľѪСܵĵͦ죬һҵģ
һºӰһģǹʬһ⡰⳽ʧ
䣡
һҼպͺճġ⳽Ȼը죬ʹһҡ⳽ױ鿪
ͬʱһֳġ쳽УͻȻ˾֮ˣ
ô죿˳֣Ǻãһ˼
ȻȥǸŮڣǿ϶ȡʤȽϷǡ쳽дһХֻġ⳽һʼ롣
쳽Ȼ룬ȴһ˲ʧ֮ͻأʧˡ
ӵĵͦġǸŮˣǡ쳽ɢĵطͻȻֳ૵壬ߣҪȫˡ


488 Ų㱦
һ˶ϣֻͨӿ׹š
ʲôط
ٿеһţԶ뽻սԭӦüԦ⳽ģϧ񴬻ˣǵһˡ
ôģ
ǺǣͲҪˡ

̸ܿˣϵľ컹δɢվӦһȷΧûΣԺ󣬲Ű˵ͷ
һ˸ǳǳҫۣǺ֮гͷŹâȻһƬţض£ҲǿԴ˿˿ġ
һЩεؿżգô죿
ʲôô죿ЦЦΪ
˵ô죿պһۣСӣû޵ʮ֮ӦǺ֮еҴ㣬һ뿪Ҳϱռѹ飬Ҳ˵޷뿪
УĹŮ˻ǹʬ˵ʲôʱǰɣսӹ
һ㶣ͷǹŮҲ֪ʲôʱһѰֲܹ뿪Ļ鷳ˡ
׼ôЦЦʵ
Ҳ֪ӦҡҡͷȻƺʲôܹǺдǲǿƾַڸϲϵشȥ
ûзϡ
Ǿͳˣƺˣұ뿪ˣҲԱסˣңһ뷨Ѱһܹ뿪Ĺߵġ
ٺ٣㲻뿪һֻҪ־Ϳˡ̧ͷ죬ЦҪ˶ãЩĴ󴬻һǾֻҪһҡ͹ˡ
ոǺͼ뿪ǰԲѾ֪彫᳷Ĵ·λһǵıؾ֮·ϣһ϶ˡ
СӹȻ׼չЦʵʲôʱ򵽣
ܿͻ׼һ£ţҪ̫̰ˣһҡͿˣҪЩˡն
յͷʾԼס

ʱʮҡ⳽쿪ЩµĻǺ֮ޱȣϵļպͺˣԶԶͿˡ
ĳȻǷֿģһ;߲ȫֻʮҶѣС⳽ǰнȫǡ
ٶȻ硰⳽ں棬ҡ֮͡ľҲһ£һҡǰһԶ
Ҳаϲһǵ֮Уʱ׼֡
һҡͶϵдһҡŻֳ󣬺ϲسˡ
һһسǡǱȥûзһϢ
ǡıؾ֮أһȻ֩һûһ˿âԪ۶ɡ
һҡһͷ֩һУĸһʼûзǡԭֻǼȥԽ޸
ʱռ֣ռյķǡ·ļСѨƻЩѨǡͱϵװ֮һ
հռյѣһҡִѶװƻ󣬿ʼǡ·ʹͼһҡק·
ôһڡеˣȻϾʶ˲
ǡһʱ˸һâǺռȥ׼ӯرܹЩϮʹȫƶ
ȻһҡĻװƶǺʮ֮ΪҲܹϽһҡǺиӲƶ
Ҫһҡü뿪Ȼܹһҡݻ٣Ϊ귽̫ǿ޷ɱеˡ
Ϸеô˳ˣþòܹһ;߸Ҳżˡ
ڴʱ֮ͻȻһӰ˲һ
㣬Сôˣһŵؿ㣬㱾ʮʿԣϵϢԣ⣬⵽ôһ£
żյħ壬ɻ
һͣȺһŪ˵ħٺЦЦվһҡĽϣһ䵽һ͹Ӳϡ
ָͷֻᲦŪһ£;ߵĽھͻȻˣ˶еĿ
һһ;Уɫ䣬ϵİɫ׾Ȼǵˡ
ǳУ͵ӿǺеĿռ֮ʱӰˣֻܹһ˼Ǻ֮еȻ֮ûа취Ըյħ塣
Ҳ˽ֻǿһۣˣҲˣһˣǽҲܹ֮ˣҪǶˡ
һ仰£;еˣɱһĹâҲѸ
֮зݳҪһ;зɳȥ
ǸĲܹ뿪ҪȻһ·ϾҪûû˵Ӧ׷ɱˡε̾Ϣһ֣צһֳ͵ؽץס
һâȻȫϣֻһ˲䣬ͻˣΪ˹ɢؼ䡣
߰ɡһЦȥزŪһԲ̣һҡ;߻һϽ䡣
Ÿոմ㣬ѾڵȺıѾ˹һͷˡС
һһҡֳ󣬺պ˺ߣСӣӦøһ˰ɣ
ʲôý͵ģȻһ壬һĵڶˣд½Ҳطİ壬㲻᲻֪ɣ
ҵ֪հߵֵǣΪʲôڶǿ֮а裿֪еڶڣǻʲô⳽Һĵڶ뿪д½ˣ˷ô๦ʲô
ڶʩչϹžűյ
СӣڶƵģΪʲôΪʲôı徹ȻҪȻԺһǿ֮кУʮ֮ĸֲſİ⡣
ǸҲ͡һħʧټ㻹ǸָɣڴĽս֮سˣʲô鷳ɣ
ûеط֮ǰӦòˡһ£ûм׷йħ飬һ£˵
ãǼͣȡ㵽Ŀĵءյ

һɫռʮ֮ߵľ޴ǳϣŨĻǺɫǺ֮ŵȴɫޱȵĹ졣
޴ǳϺˮռһУһǳһ׺ںˮϡ
Ŵһֳ͵س·׹䣬Ŀơ
·һεĵϣϳïֲܵЩֲִ֦Ҷһ޷ԶңңǹȻһ㡣
ʮֻĽϬ·תţЩϬԺδĲһ渲˺ңһֱȼš
ÿһϬϣ˼ɱɷδЩϬѾˣǶͷš

ˣʮͷϬȻһӵϣˡԱԺ󣬺ؿʼҧ
칤ġ;ߣȻֻΪ͵ȼһ֣ȴҲԵǺ֮еֹĳɼΪ͵ȼġҲǼޱȡ
ȻЩϬĿҧ£һҡȻһͱ̳˴룡
ǹɡصĽϬʳ֮󣬽Ϭһڣƺӯ˸
ռһطнս磬Сһ㣡
ôû˵ռæ;߳ź
һιʱǴ̬겻ĽսӰ죬ҲûⰡβѡ
㺦ˣнսڣֱٵˣôȥ᳤ۿŻƽʮͷϬһ
û𰸣ֻܹЦѣܻа취ģİɣֻҪܹǾŲ㱦֮еõȻԴ뿪
ȽЩĽϬɱɣҿ⽣ϬͲӦһһͷϬϣֻǽϬһؿӣȻûһϬնΣʶ
Ұɡ
䣬һâ֮໥ײӣЩ䵽˽ϬϣǽϬҰƤ϶ڽȥڽϬڱը
ʮϬֻһȫڲشϾʵ
ЩϬһɴ۾źգƺԥҪҪƴһս侲Ժǵƺǻۣһ֪Ӧôĸо
Ҫ𣿡Цһһ֮໥Ļ𻨷ɽ
ЩϬηɢӣ˲ûټ

ͻȻԶХ͵ɳʯһ޴ʯֱ߷
ǷХУһͷаٽŵľ޴񱼶ÿһŲȥضֳһ׵ķ϶ǰٽҲǻɷƺ޲ýеǰݻ١
֣һٴν޴İٽŽˡ

һ£պͼˣһУ͸ʽĹŹֵ޽档
Щкܶд½ϵƣȴ鷳Ķ֪࣬ΪʲôôһǳϴޣƤ񣬲øһַ
Ƕǣϣ޺֮ĲпɱҲ޴ڣͬһ֮⣬սκһʱ̷
ʱڣպͼΪܹƿշУֻܹʱ
ʱڣɱ̫ˣÿһͷ޵˺ķ˾޴ǳϸָУԪħȻĴ½ϣ֮⣬֮Ҳ޴ڡ
ڻɱ޵ʱȻ˲ٵȴܿصõ˲䣬ǿٴͶ뵽ս֮С
ºɱ޵ķ϶ʱ䣬ԵϵӲľͷǡĲкŪһҹִ׼һҹִ뿪
Ȼ˽ǹִոˮͼǹִ˺ˮ֮Уգûټ
ɵˣؿŹִںˮˮɢղ׼ͶȥһŪĹִҳȴֹˣˣû⣬ˮ⣬ȽĴֻҲܹˮкˡ
ô˵ţһľͷˮȻǿľͷϳ˺ˮУ·ûˣһӾͲټ
ģˮǹ죬нյĽ磬ֲֻܹУô뿪տЦ
ˮɣˮûĻֻܹεǱˣȻҪķѺܶʱ䣬Ҳûа취ҲΡ
ţֻˡյͷ׼ħԪŪ
ħķƶɣˮʲô⣬ӦҲ˺ħ壬дͷ׼ôȥˡ
ڴʱ
ջȻվ˫ǰȵ㿴
̧ͷעУԶĺˮȥ
ӰںˮϷǰѸٵнţ˵ģӦܹ࣬־϶ǿںˮĺߣǲζűҲԣ
ôں̤һƲ˺ˮ档
Ųںˮ棬·޻ϣ·ȣǺˮоȻһɵƺ
ףվһһֻҲһվ˺ˮϡ
ޱȵ鷢ˣ
Խ˲ûĺˮȻӲˣںˮ棬ǲ޻ϣһ㲻õĻ档
̧ͷԶʧĹ㿴˿ЦЩˮȤƺͶڻķӦȫһд½ϣ󴬿ںˮţȴУȴǡǡ෴Ȥ
һʮʿŹ۷֮ʿȥķ򣬺һ£ĿҲһ°ɡ૵ƺû˵Щʲô
ʲôһʵط㷢ֵ𣿳֮⣬б֪˵أ
մʧ֮Ƴ˼һۣʲôСһʱȻûˣñ˾֪ǳǳյĽ磬ֻҪǴϷˣпܱᱻ˷Ҳ󡣡
ҪȥĿĵأҲ˷˰ɣʡ
һ£ŵԲǶȽ⣬ŲͽƷһҪרŹȥӦò̫׷ֵġǾŲ㱦ˣӦûôױֵġ
ϣˣҪб˽ĻһеѶȽٴӡյ
šҲͬ˵ˡ
߰ɣֱںˮߵģҪʲôֻ
߰ɡ

һ޼ʵĺˮһֵ߽ܻܿΣգһ߳ĿĵнΪܹУ˽ٶҲµʱ䣬ŵ˵Ŀĵء
Ҳһ죬ͺͺģһֲҲûҪ˵ޡ
Ǻ˵ľŲ㱦һڵϡ
ǾŲ㱦ʲôطһڵվѯʵ
𼱣һҡϥ˫գѾˡ
ղ֪Ҫʲôһϣֻܹڻһֹʱ˿
һɢһЦݣȻվ
һ޴ĽâƳգ͵سǰĿռȥ
һ޴Ŀռ϶ڵ֮˺ѿǿռ϶İ⣬Ҳ֪ͨδ
߰ɣһЦ϶棬Щд½˼ѰŴ򿪽ķţҵķ
һº󣬺Ͻ˿ռ϶泯ż֣ɣ
ֻǳһ£ҲͰȻ߸ԾȥһǲߵĿռ϶֮С

ٿرã
һ಻ɽһɽֱïֲܵдУ滨ݱء
һɽ룬һǧɵľŲ㱦ⱦȻȸߵɽ廹ҪΰҪߴ
֪ʲôƳɣҫ߲⣬Ǳ뵽֯ϼ䣬ԶԶȥκֻӿ֡񼣣
ʮɽ룬ôһ޴ı˸һţκֻҪһڣܹЩжôŨ
һ·Ҳ˲ٵȻֻ˼ϾˬʧȥȻָ˴롣
ǿ̲ס
պٺٹЦ͵ҪȻô˵Ǵ֮ǰأ˵Уڴ֮ǰкܶطŨ֮ЩطΪءʶĶͣڴ֮ǰֻҪСءĵط϶иߵԶŵӴסӡ
طӦǡءһ֣ڴ֮ǰԱǳ֮Ի죬ܹɸֲͬӦҲΪôһطڡ
ȷϹʱڵġءһ֣һΪҪһ֣ͻȻһͬǰһɽд
ʲôˣɫһ䣬ôȻûвԷĴڣʶΣ
һҲ̽ѰеˣǺǣһֱǵĺ棬û뵽յĿĵؾȻһݵˣһߣЦӯӯشɽ߳һһʧŹʿҲһð
ӣߵ˸ոʲô˵Ϣȥˣ󣬾ûбҪϢŽϢϸˡ
Źʿһֵ֪ܣòƣҲ
ҽᰣǰ·ǳ䣬һֱʱ䡣ʮʿ֮ЦЦ󷽷ؽԼ
ǰպȻؿˣһֱǳˣ
׼ȷ˵ӦʮˡɫЩ죬ʮǰһֻһʿҵֻ֮ΪطȻǣȴʺ
յͷȻֵʵôˣǾûȥ
ȥ᰿ЦѾԹ̫ķˣϧȴûһ뿪һҲΪѰȥķ
˻һպͺպһۣӶԷп˼ֳء
᰸ˣȻٶ꣬᰻ʮ֮ô궼ûгȥѵǳֻܹܹ
ҵȥģǲǶûƣͻȻ顣
ȷûʲôƣԸ⣬Ҳ뿪ᰵ˵ͷȻ󻰷һתҽòҪôǻҪȫĻ
˻
ǳϣһ뿪֮ϵͻ𽥼Ҳԣ뿪Ǽޣ߷ʱٳһЩôͻʧȥϵǸʱ֮Ҳܹһˣᰳ
ôɫҲˡ
Ҳ֪ôһ£һѸҵģСɡҡҡͷԶһɽһ
һֻһҵСһ䵭شɽ֮߳СòźͲһµĳ졣
ͷؿ˺պͼһۣߵͷһʱǶ㣬ĽƾǱˣƨˣҲܹ̽
һȻЦôɰɣҲожǽƴˣϾͳˣѵǣ
ǡᰵ˵ͷǺЦӣ껹Ҫ㱨ء
ţСǲһ㱻档ᰵһҧŭδ
չֵǸεǸǸһ󴳹Ϊ˿һʼͲһɢԲŽͷˡ
ԭҲСģбһۣЩЦ
˷ʱˣѾȲˣڲ׼ЩļһˣҪæˡ᰽ССǲͷһ㣬ʱ䣬ЩļһӦúܿˡ
λأָָˡ
ϰɣǱ֮йҲȥһʲôƣ鷳СѾͷб˼һۣһԵļڽƺΪձɡ
ɱߣ⸽գǧǰƴˡᰵ˵ͷȻһصضżպͺա
ţˡͷһ̬Ѿһһˣ˴·Ȼ֮
һ֪ȻҲʲôʵʵظᰵ󣬳Զһɽıȥ
᰸ڶԴСѾͷʱ򣬶һΨǴӵ̬ȣüհľʮ֮СѾͷǰôʵ˵СѾͷӦʵǷ
ôţ͵͵ʶǰСѾͷҪΪΡ
ʶպãСѾͷͻȻݺݵػعͷ͵صһۣŭʵһ㣬ʶ̽ҲᴥƣҪΪ³çǣٸɱ㣬ʡ㻵ǵĴ£
⣬СѾͷ˫дݹʵʡ
ƺˣֽŲ˼ʼٻ
죡ʲô
һ̲ŵ֮ڡĵؽЩȥͬʱڵѪҲһ£еĺҲһرĥȥ
ֻһ񣬾ֽܹű궼ҪͲһȼ
ͻȻ䣬ʶСѾͷʵҪȺֻ࣬ҪԸ⣬Կɱ
ʶ˫ĲԺ󣬼ȻԸ̲ѣȴһƽʶջһԣǺյǰС
ǰصѿһ϶Ƿ϶֮ðλ棬ͨ죬϶֮֡
ճ˳յ·ָָǻݵĵص׷϶
һǵص׷϶·Ļ֮УȻһϽɽʯͷһϽǾ
Ͱ嶼ϽǾͰǷ϶֮һܿأͺһߵǻ϶ϽǾֻһ֮ңֻҪ־ͿԽϽǾš
˫ϽǾؿһǿԼͷȥȥϽǾԼ̰Ầˣ̼Һͺ½ڶŹʿΪ̰Ż˴һ㱻¾ɾ
ôһ룬е̰ıסˣһϽǾӹ
ߣû֣Ҫ֣ѾˣǰСѾͷǣȴ䲻ôһ仰۳
ɣҾǴЩ϶֮õЩʯͷҵҲû°սе
̬ԿСѾͷͻȻعͷЦһƿڴ㻹˵ΪôˣĽƲĽƣʹ̽Ҳûٽһ
ڨڨЦǸǸҵȷðʧһ㣬Ҷĵģҿû뺦˭
㵱ҪĵģΪ㻹ܹ𣿡СѾͷɭɭؿŤͷϻҿҶٶȿһ㣡ԱһƢһñõȣҪȻߺߣ
һʵһ㣬ǧһˣҶùںѹͺգУǧǰûмǣ


489 壡
²òͷ
ССѾͷᰣʮ֮ΪᰵǺûбֳʲô⣬ɾɲСûôˣȻвˬ˶һԡ
ᰶ˼䣬ۼ˵˺СĽˣûмʲôΣյжҲͷˡ
պͺˣʵʵظһ󣬴ǾŲ㱦Խ˱󷽵һɽ
ûҶ۾ûţһֱǾŲ㱦ҿ
ǾŲ㱦ֻһխĽɫСţСʱǽŵģ֮⣬Ҳûڣÿһ㱦ʵʵģȻӶûˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ뱦ֻܹխĽɫСš
ǽɫСԱߣ޴ʯʨӣÿһʯʨӶʮ׸ߣ׳մԶȥҪ΢΢ͷ
ʯʨӵǰһľդƽǱΧ׼˽룬դֻľͷģҪûнƽĻûһķ
ľդȦֲŸ滨ݣһЩĹʵԶܿɫޣΣθڴ󿪡
滨һа죬ľդڵĻݹʵģӦд½ûеܹ࣬ôһطһˣá
ôţ׼һԹȥûΣյǰ²ժһ¡
ôһŮͻȻ࣬ȴǲͣƺһ̶ԸȥٳһĻҾͲˣ
һɫۣͷһɫҵŮˣɽվţһɫڲסȶ˵ãֻΪѹ̫ͣòΣֻܹ°͵һĨ𪡣
ðʧˡСɫ䣬ûٿպͼһۡ
˭Ǵ˽ģ꣬еΪʲôڼʱɱǣ
һ޾ҪϮˣҲ˷ʱ䣬˷һ˿Сڴһ䣬֮ԭˡ
˶һ˵ءЦ˵
Ķ΢ƺһᰣһ£ý̵ʵҪ;ʲôҵ㸺𣡡
һЦŶԺա̯֣һҪλкãǰλ
һһյͷٺЦ
һԲҲ˵ͷ
ܾЩԾôôĽǴԼڻҰɣ
߶꣬նʶˣҲ˳Ѿٵˣ˼ҲһЩ
죡µĻͻȻͺһ
ϳźա˸ƣԼҲٽרĳŻ￴
ǻɫɫ֣ǱչһܶӡƱ滹һĺɫߵ㣬ǵĳִȾ˾ÿɲ
ȥ
зɳһ⣬ѸٵǱĵڶ㣬ֹͣԺ󣬼ղŷһȼյССƶС۾ɿŻͣ˵ڶ㱦ϵһСϡ
ڱı߽䶨ͻȻһƺǳʹ
ţͺһ͸һ˿İָ䣬һָݳȥѸٵ䵽ǻϡ
СһкʵϵϢԽԽǿ
ͣ
СϵĻȼţϢԽԽǿ콫ǵڶ㱦ı߽һϸСķ϶ȻֻСһգ͵شϸСķ϶ʧѾ˱ĵڶ㡣
һѧСԭԹȡһĻԪʯָϢ
üͷ˻һĿŻΧϢӿ
𡢵ػζд½Ϊֻ棬ֻ֪Ѿ˻۷塣
Ȼʶ˻ͷųĻԺϾͷԼǰʶ
ͷųĻԣȴ̲صǿ̫࣡
֪ЩںδҲ֪ЩγɵģԿ϶ʩչĻԱҪǿĶ࣡
ںлŸĻˣЩȣҪԶأհʵǰҲûá
ʱ򣬴һɽлⲽ߳һκƣȴȻࡣ
һһֻ۾ǵֻ۾Ȼţȴ棬Ȼһֻ۾;
һƤǸƤϲһСףСлеͨϵСòª֮
ûٰɣ۾ļһżատ˿Ȼѯᰣλĺܣ𣿡
ţҸǽһ¡ЦЦȽ˼պͺգȻָ˽ͣа£أһξŲ㱦ʱҲ
۾ǶСȻվ䲻һ䣺أһξŲ㱦ʱͻȻƵˣһǸ
˻һǹǳªŤˣ͵رŭˣϼһϴεҵľ𣿡
һ㶣εĽͣǸҵҲ֪ôһ£ԡԡ
ϴҵ֮ܵԲΪĵңرһҪ
ɫһ䣬ε߬У׼ӭսˡ
أϾҪʼˣǲǲȥˣڴʱ廰ˡ
ãصźգֶݺݵؿ˼һۣЦû棬һʰǣ
ʲô£Ȼ
һҪһûн˼һ˵ͲٶˣĹâ˸ƺںϼŸԸա
ĵǵùԭΪźչиӦ֪㲻㣬վȻҲֻǸ񣬲ûŲ㱦ʲôһ˾Ȼ˲ˣǵԼҪһù
Сһ㣬ȺҪˣȻһ𣬾Ҫأûд֮ǰԲ׼𣿡ǻȻŶңһ˵ȴһֲɵơ
ȻԺճŭ𣬵ҲֻܹεصͷӦﱣ֤涯֡

Χɽдһŭ𣬺ˣƺк޹
һɽеļգע۲һ£ִΧɽڽֳָЩһ֪
ԴǳϿʼͺ˾ں͸ָ޽սʶǳϵ޵֮ˣһôֳСĽ
ޣһľŹʿһЩ޵й֮
˵ص̫죬ʺ޵ĽһЧˣ䵽ûþͻƵʮ֮޳סһȻˡ
ôţհԼһҪСģǧҪСЩޡ
һͷֳͨͷֳԺ󣬼ֻǰһ£Ͻʶˡ
ͷǵͷֳǳԻͷһͷƺ͸Ⱥɽϣֱ͸䵽һ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ֱǷֵĴ
Ȼվǽͷˣ鷳ˣս׼ͷѾʥ޼Ĵڣ⼶ʮʿ϶ˣ
ร
ͷͻȻǺޱȣƺܱߵ޷Ѷš
һͷͷ޴Щɽֳ֮߳ͻȻŸɽɽгȥһڣɷ졣
ͷǵûжͷԻʮ飬سǾŲ㱦Сȥ
ͷƺھŲ㱦ΧĽƷǳϤ·Ծٶȷɿ죬ȴûдôһ
һȻͷǵϣһɹԶϢ
һֺʥһĹϢȻûʥϵϢôӴ󣬵ȴΪƣЩ
൱ʮʿ૵һ䣬ѯԵĺգʮʿǲҲֺüͬľ磿
һŴǿ϶ģ֮ʱ򣬾ͿԸǳж֮ʿĲͬ磬֮ʱ򣬸µĲͬһԻֳ硣
Ź֮ʱȴԸϵѨɼǳ֮Ķֳͬļ𣬻꺣ĳ̶
ЩͬΪʮ֮ĸ֣ӦһŲͬľ绮֡
ǵȻһȻΪؽ͵ʮ֮ҲΪ磬ֱΪ΢⡢ͨ񡢻磬ͬʮʿʵʮֹԽľ磬ʮʿͨͻԽǿ󣬶ңֻǸոţǿǽ΢ɡ
΢⡢ͨ񡢻磬ʮʿͬľ绮ֻ֣΢ļô᰺СŮʲô𣿻أ
տżа˼š
໣
һͷͷޣͻȻǰһɽ֮У޵ĺУɽϷ˼ҵĴ򶷣żġ֮Ľ
бˣȻһ
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һ£ᰰգǵãǧҪڱǰ˵һ㺦˲ء
֪ˡոЦ
ţҪţһĽʱˣǾҪٶȽ뱦֮Сǽ뱦֮УĽֻҪ˶ͲһεͷųֻҪ˲С˽ƣͻγӦʹĽƶѸӡᰵͷĵ˽һ䡣
޳ĸǲźһ̽ߣͻȻʵ
ɫЩÿȴεص˵ͷЩһһ׼ȥŲ㱦̽ģûн뱦֮ǰǲõģΪ˲ǲôһ˱ǾҪСһˣף
տЦŵ˵ͷĵʲôý͵أ
ҪǾŲ㱦֮зʲôۺı˵Щһˣ᰻᲻ֶǴɱ䶼˵ˡ
Щսʶ̫ԵĳªȻ֪֮£ʲô֤ʲôŵԶǱֽһͱƣ
ֻԼСĽʵ㹻ԱſΧĶ֮д
ôţźԪħ֮еĺǺͼͨȻһǺǺͼԵϢͻȻޱȵңŲ㱦ƺҪıƵġ
оļͣ˶ԺǺͼ̽ɫ糣ƲƲ죬׳ˡ
ʲôͻȻһ
ûʲôһ޹·ʲô鶼ûһ㣬ҷʻô
Ե仯ɣһΪı䶯ģǰװǻƣҼסطʵһ㣬ʶٶ
Ȼһԡ
໣
һͷɫʨһУֱŻ
ɫʨڿУͳŻһ׳棬˹Ȼȼʩչζ
һʨ𣬼վǲʶӦҲԼϲ˻̲֮صĿֲˡ
ζһʨһǳ֮ϵ࣬ȻѾصһʿˡ
һץǰߵϺȻðһεɫĻ棬ǻһγһɫĻֱӽʨĻסˡ
ͣ
ӰУʨ³ĺζһȵĻ棬εɫĻ֮ѸʧƺεɫĻͬˡ
ȥһεɫĻֱʨȥʨӹ
Ҫ嵽ǰĻɫʨڰֳ֮֮εɫĻӹ֮ɫʨð̣Ȼһ˲ҷ𣬾ôʧ˿֮С
ɫʨ֮󣬸һӵϣϽɽȰΧ
ְɣҪסһӣһ֮ǱСһȥʱһţһ
ʮͷ̬ޣسŹڵļաһ˳ɱ
Щ޺д½Ĳ̫һʹ̲֮࣬صҲԶд½ϵ޿ɱȡ
Ʃδ̶ʱĵֻ۾ͽֻǸûʲôرãȻĵֻ۾ȴһҫĿ硣
Щ缫Ϊܼ̲ص׵֮Ҳǳˣҫһ£顣
һ˫еͿԸ˴鷳ǿ󻹲ֻǶһֻ۾ѡ
ĳβȷƺ̺˾綾ǸаһȷϮҪ϶ܿ
֮⣬ֵıһֲͬͨ׵硢絶桢ȵͨǳġ
˵ص޾ȻһʿһصĸֲͬлһЩ֮Ҫһ˻ҪͨһЩ
ʮͷ޳Ǻնʼæҵ
д½Ͽ޵еĺգһǧ׵ĽâһѪߵϣûнǷѪ߸أǷѪ߿еĶҺʴ˳ʹóֳһȱڡ
ǰѽõһϴһЩ첻̫˺ģܹǱ֮еõһЩɳͽ飬һѳķ̶ȿʮҲԵõķӣԱߵ΢΢һЦֽ˳ȥ
һڿתһ£͵رһ޴ƣݺݵغǷѪߵϡ
һķѪߣһ䣬ͻȻѹڵϸѹˣѪģ
Щ˼Լĳ૵ҶҪǱкúҡ
ţһΪͻƵʮ֮ҪѰ޾ЩΪϡٵĲϲˣҪȻ̶ܹȵķӳЦЦ
꣡
ҫһһͷѪߵϣһͷѪϱأžડһأڵ䶯һ£Ͳٶˡ
ף᰾һЦС϶˲ʣҪȻô
ɣսɫѿˡ
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ָָ裬һȫΪҽСӯ֮ţʱʱ޵ͷһ£ÿһһµޣϴ޴ıըز
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ĪҺһҲ΢ľ磬һõ˱ڵ챦ʵϴһ໨Щ˼ǳһе֮ϣҲԵõĴϵġ᰿οһ䡣
΢磬Сͻأʲô磿ͻȻʵ
ǰ͵˻һۡ
ٷϻ㽫Щ޴һ鷳һ߻ﲻͷغǳһ䡣
εضԼЦЦٶ˵ˡ
һ죬ҲˣȺ֮вϵػųһѧˣڽԼͨâֻǽЩΪ档
ҫ֮䣬ѪζŨңһ޴ҫķ֮£Ҳֲʲôôҫն˲ٵ㡣
ҫǼҵԺֱĴв˲ϧĲϣ滹ĻڣҫȺյһҲȻ顣
һ֮߳˶һСĽӦЩӿޡ
лСΪ֮һҪôҷҪôϺʬûսĻᡣ
⣬аº͹ضΪаֳһɫǹǳǹľƣһǹȥе϶һѪ
а£ȴδõֻ۾Ӽյĸоаֻнֻ۾֮ʵչ֡
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Χļʮͷޣ˵ĺ֮£˴룬ҪǱСɱá
ʱ򣬻ͻȻһͷжˣţ
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ͷһŭХֻǾŲ㱦֮ǰĴ֮Уðһ׹ɭɭĿܣЩ׹ǿ徧ӨҫŲ԰׵ĹжݣǹħϻŸ
׹ǿŵƺŹƻĵ׹ǿЩ֮Ҳȥ
ͷǽɫС֮ǰ֮һЩâڽɫСϣǽɫСĹâʢ
ƺڹؼʱҪ޺Ͱ׹ǿȡʱ䣬㹻ʱڽɫСʲôֽš
һһһͷǳȥһ˲ҳɣҲǰ
ĸҲͻȻһЩֵֹļһһӣȻҲ˵ðյġ
һ岨ˣһȫֺɱ·ޣһеسͷڵķȥ˵ĿһֱǿҲ棬æɱ޺Щ׹ǿܡ
Щ׹ǿ˵Ĺ֮£ϴˡˡӰȴйͷնϿ
ż˵֮֮⣬䵽׹ǿܵϣҲֻЩ׹ǿϻε¡
ȻЩ׹ǿҪЩ޸ԶԸ
ոӽˣֳҫŲй޹뷨ֻ޺Щ׹ǿܳ嵽ǰʱŻᶯֽǻɳȥȴӲֻθǰ
ע⵽ߵŶУĹ֮ڣſصǿߴڣЩǰҪ̶ȵıȫԼýеȫĻڹؼʱܹӳ
Ϊ˱ȫԼͿʼ׼ˡ
ڱĹ֮УͬʵǷĸִڣֻΪΣأټϻҪϻĲûȥ۲졣
Сȷ˵Ŀ·֮£һȳ嵽ͷԵ
Сһû˿ԥͷǷ˹
ҺһҪͷǱߣͷųʱ򣬻ùƻˣһűͷȽˣǾͻᱻ棬һ˾Ͱˡ
Ҫ˵Ȼ׸ôԱһ׵ľ޺һʯһӲĺ⣬ӵ
ǾͺãңǹһͷǱߵԸһͷѺ;ѶԸһͷ׼ţ
û⣡Ĺһ𴫳ͬĻӦ
㣬Ҫ뿪ɣûȼȥķˣͻȻͺһٶȻӿ죡
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Ϊʲô᰻˵ôһˡ
ʲôҲˣǰĺգԼ󣬳ǽɫСŵķȥ
ร
ͷͻȻХХг˷ŭͷϸٿرĿĹâָһֳͷǵͷը
ڿĹһˣͷǵҪĹĿ꣬Ҫ̵ʱﴴֵʱ
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ҽϴ˳ĸĻӦͷǵһ֮ҪôɱҪôشˡ
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ˣռûзſʶҲΧһЩƺˡ
ķ˵һΪƱɱĽƺȷΪĿ£ΧһӱޱȵĻңеˣҲܹõκˡ
ͨŲ㱦·;ԶȻȴƺˡ
ǻ󣬼һٶȷɿ죬оܹˣȴûеǽɫСſڡ
ȻǵУǽɫСȴһֱߣͷǶƺǰͷϵķŭ֮鶼Կ
Ҳ֪˶ãڼվԼƺԶҲ߲ͷԶҲܹǽɫС֮ǰʱ򣬻ͻȻͣˡ
ٿأȼܻ棡
ϻһƺϼסͷųĻ澹ȻɫʣЩ֮ϢеĻȿңеĻ汩겻ҲеĻȴǣÿһֻƺһ
Żӻ֮ͷƺڷ˻ͻȻ䣬ͷǲȥĹϮϾĿ˻
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ңĶƿһŻǲϣȴǽİ̺ۣģֲŮ
ϵİ̺ۣȫǺЩսģһҹҪûϼһˣﱩϵĻ濪ʼֻһǱûˡ
һΣһɱ㣡ͷǵ֮У͸¶ôһѶϢȻڻһһһɨ
ͷǵ䵽յϵʱ򣬼շ·𱻽ס嶯á


490 
ͷǵ£յǱĳס궼ЩججһʱЩֲ嶫
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Ȼһڼ̫¼ȻֳԺ֮һš
ĸоͷţڱѩУеѣθеȻ޴棬ʶطԺֻǽתȦʹãѸˡ
ͷֻǿһ۾ջ񣬲ٱЩӰļգ͵͵һԵļˣᰵһ㯣ƺѾ֪Լ˭ˡ
ᰱˣжżãȴѸС
ԵĺգֳͫСâ˸˸δͷǵĹƻ󣬵üССؾһ¡
ʿ֮ӦñȽ⣬Щȫڻجج֮䣬Ѿ״̬ˣûܵӰ졣
а£ĵֻ۾ٿųһǿ⡣
ǿаһЦȻҲã֮лָ˹ǵֻ۾ȷãֻֻڹؼʱְˡ
ϵСðǹ⣬аһƺҲűϿɲСеǹҲѸٻָ糣
СǻȫȻͷǵӰ죬ͷβѣûһã֮ɫֳ
ͷĳûСͻϷӳƺͷЩ⣬֮дѶû뵽ͻˡ
ϵ̺һ飬絶ǰεʱֻһԻϾͶ˼̺ۣôνѵô
ͷŻǸͷȻ˵ͷֳѰζıᶯ˶ӣͻȻ̧ͷһХ
һ׹ǿܴԶðЩ׹ǿܵ룬һֻֻ޼ţɰ׹ǿܺɵĶڣһ˲ͽһ°Χˡ
ҪͷⷢʲôЩ׹ǿܺȺһͿʼ
ͬʱڻСԵĿռͻȻžıֻһĹǴϸһŻСļպͺȥ
ÿһǴ̶ɭɫţδ̲ס񾪲
ڴ֮гᰣһЩǴϮ룬ֳȥһ
ᰵӱôһģڴʧϽվһӦǴǴ̱ꡣ
ҡ϶֣һĻ˲ݳȥҲһԾֱͷǡ
ãУ˼ӦЩдһǿҵĿֱָͷǵͷ
ҡѡѵĹԣѾʼϻͷˡ
ҡѡķһ֣ͷǸܵУԵøӱˡ
ǵأﳹסҲǱߵͷǵסˣûһ˸̬ķչ
Ҳûйȥ۲ǰս
Ǵ̱Ϯһ˻аǶӦӲϾձ˫ۣһһڵĽȴ𣬺ϵĹǴ̱꽻֯һ
ͺվһļյմ˲ٹ⣬ЩǴ̷;УһƾֳĽһ붼ֱӱˣֻɢԽͺϮ
ֻеʱŻ֣鵶ЩǴ̡
һֱ޽쾳꣬Ȼųʮ֮ʵƺҪһ˸ϼ֡
Ҳʮ֮Ⱥʱ仹ҪһЩеڵϢҪȺǿһЩһʵսˣҲֻܹƾϢӴӭС
գڽѾһľ磬ԼǿֻƾŶڽա
ⷽʮ֮ʿþͲᰡ
ʱգһúϤ磬ҽ¸ˣҪǺᰶս᰾Ҫذˡ
ΪΪɣͨ۲աᰵĶԵַóôһۡ
ֻĥѣڸִս֮л߳ʮʿſԽʮ̶֮ȵķӳ
򡭡

ȻԼ侲ֳҫֻ̫ǽԼսĵȥʽֻΪ򵥵֮ںڳ֮ڣЧȵƹǴ̡
ֻǼ򵥵ȶǵȫͶԺ󣬽ԼľޱļʱЩΪ򵥵Ķȴ·ꡣ
һƺɽɽбһĳ
꣡
ɹĹǴ̣ǵһ壬ձըѵĹǴҷɣϸһڶǴ̸ˡ
ҲһʡһŤߣȻЩɢҵĹǴ̶ɵ
Ȼ䣬ͺյĬվһԾȻһǴ̡
෴ӦҪǿͺյ᰸ˣԵЩæңԵһѵǴ̣ᰵļϣҲǴ̴ˡ
ӣǰȻ
Ϊ׻Ÿ׵ľģڹؼʱ϶ǲϧԼӣҪȻֻоŹ֮ĶӣȻô˿
ߣͻȻСһͺȣ䳹ǡ
̧ͷһֳһ˿ϲɫ
ͷǱɫţͷǻ֮вϵɫ޵ߣزͷͷϣӲǱȵͷǲܹ
ͷǵԣ֪ʱһӰȻȫϻͷǡ
ֻңңһۣվͲ²Щ˱֮ǰҡһˣķֳĸ򣬸ֻʽһȥͷһӿը
ߣյͺһȳǰȥ
ռϾ͸ˣȻһξ룬֮ȴʧյıӰ
᰸ˣΪæӦϵĹǴ̣Сݽ˰׹ǿܵУ˼ڼյ
һ֣ķһʼжҲȫǽɫСųȥ
һȼյĻͻȻӿдһĵƺںʲô
ǰǽɫСڣҲһӦУȻֻǽɫСŸɫˣ֮ǰ뱦еĻɫС桰ߴߴиͣƺȫڲš
֨
ɫСѿһ϶һϼǽɫСб̵۾
һɺƴԶĹϢ͵شǽɫСд·һŶԶشӳ˯˹
һֱͷǣϵϢͻȻһǿХţϵɫë
ͷǵУֱ³ɫɫɫԲıǱһͷϵɫ棬Ǳʴˣʼ𽥱ֽ⡣
죡ɫһſ³һ棬һмѪ
Ѫ챦ʯһ㣬ǻйţȻһζҪżڲźá
ȻһŻѪĻ棬һ䵽ͷһͷ棬Ǹ໹ֽеһͷϽջˣ¶
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ǰĽɫСڳ״ˣԱѾȵĲͷӰæǽɫСС
ЩȻҡѡЩ飬ڰǶֶԸǵʱѾĵسǽɫСſ£ˣǽɫСһȻǿռȻ
һİӰǽɫСʧǱչĽɫСڳ״֮󣬾Ȼֿʼرա
죡Сһһ˽ɫСС
С֮аºؽҲǽɫС֮һţպͼؿǽɫС𽥹رգæٶȳȥ
һӰ;ͻȻֳԶԼٵǽɫСſڣ˲ʧ
ǽɫСŻаɵļգֻǿһӰǽɫСţûпǺٶô졣
໣
ͷǵǺӼˣһֱסͷǣ·ʱͻȻһ㡣
ͽȻһûͷҲ֪ͷǵȷˣٶȳǽɫСųȥ
ڵѪڣԪе˲עڣڱ̲صױ
һǼ䣬ٶȱǣȻûںյ̫ԶѸٴǿҪϵĽɫС֮нȥ
ŽȥһŭȻһɭͻȻˡ
һǽɫСŵķ϶֮У᰸˾顣
ĲҺٿشǽɫСŵ洫ͨһ϶տͷŭ崣צ䣬һûнĸѪɡ
᰸ˣС

ĽɫСųϣһ̣еʧˣΧֻʣһصĴϢԱԼȡԪʯʼָԼ
Ǹһ꣬һɭ䣬ƺѾʮ֮һ¶һЦݣ૵ֿ죬ҪȻֵұͷǻɱˡ
һЦƳһۼգֻּоŹ֮Ϊ֮һڽı飬ÿһ㣡
һ仰һ˵ղŷվһխĹУǰǿԲʯ̨һ֮ǰ˸ֶԲʯ̨Ѱ˸طϢҡѡֺȻȫС
ͻȻһӰ֣ҲΪǵͻȻֽ룬ʹͷ֮ѳһЩһһɱ
ɫһͻȻˣ
Сӣ˵˭ˣղ֪ʱڼյվеĳȻһ
һճüͷһûж˵ʲôֱؿżա
ۣûж˵ʲô΢Цų˵ͷȻͷͺһĹ˳ͷһ֮вһ˿ɭɱ
ɫϻָ糣·ʲô鶼ûзһݲȵСа¡ǱߣĬĬСȡһ鼫ƷԪʯʼָԼĵ
ӹ󣬺ٺһЦɨ˺պͼۣԹԣҲʵʼϢ
û˽Բʯ̨ƺûԸ˷һʱ䣬ھԼʧȥȻָ
ŰʱԺԲʯ̨ϵһһվûãѾûһ˻ڼָˡ
ȻڶԸͷǵʱ󣬵ΪǾ粻ԻָٶҲԿһЩϵ͵һЩȻָٶȿҪһЩɸոǲǶԸͷǵĵࡣ
ԣ˼ڲʱڣһһӵϢվ
Ϊйǰ֮վԺûзſʶĴӦֻ۾ΧһС
һԲʯ̨̨治֪ʲôƳɵģ˽Ų涼ܹоŵ׺ವģԲ̨һĶشСֲ޵ͼЩֲģͷȥǻһ
Բʯ̨ͨǽɫСű֮ͨ⣬ķȫǰããһƬϵ¶ֲ嶫
Ų㱦ȸߵһɽ廹ҪߴռصҲǼΪ㣬Ȼ֪һ˾Ų㱦ҲӵĽ֮ŷŲ㱦ĵһ㻹ԶԼеĻҪࡣ
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ǶڻϵС񣬼ĪЩ˸УȻ˼
ڼû뿪֮ǰҲϲļϣ˵һЩ߰ķϻ徻ˣȴЩʱͼˡ
Ҳ֪ȥʲôطˣ֪ڹˣа
ͻȻ̧ͷؿǻɫС
Сһ˫ɫС۾ҲȤζؿƺȤС򻹻ĴţһȸԾģ
Сȥ˵ʱȻ棬ȴ̫ãǲ֪ΪʲôСһƺһȤЩҪϷˣơ
Ҷƺ˼ϵ쳣˵һ䣬Բس˼һۡ
ȻҲСһ쳣ͼйأ򼧳յʱһ˿ɻƺҲСΪʲôڶԴյʱַ
ȻѾǴҾͷֿɣţҪõĻ漸ġ׵ҹһЦԼһͷ˰֮УǵӰһѸʧˡ
ѡˣǿسŻ˵ͷҲٶ˵ʲôҲǳԲ̨ããȥ
أǽķȻһҼȻҪȥڶ㣬֪Ϊʲôڰ֮ȴĴߣüЩɻ
ֱʱᰣᰵĺãҪھԵĻ˵᰿Խ
᰸Ĺͷǿм˽Ļᣬʱ˵Ѿ汻ͷǻɱˣ뵽ղЩȻ
᰸˵ƺûκ˵ĹעǻﻹСаºأʼվûٴ᰸ˣ·Ǹ˸һԱ·ֹһ㡣
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СɫţҵڣڶҲá
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Աһɳ߸߹𣬵ϵĻɳ̽ţץһɳӣɳشָʧ۾
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ѡЦͣһθĳɲģҸŲ㱦ĵһеɽڣĻһԳϹžűԼ֪һ
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ô֪ﻹ᲻ϵر仯أһҹʱ򣬵ȷǷȺɽ֮У룬һξĳڿ϶ҡеһˡΡ
ˣµҹкãһģϣܹһųȥҲûԹˣѹοǻŹͬĵˡ
šͷ۾ȻҲ
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յ˵ͷʾԼѾڰˡ
Сջ޴վԱһСԾεɫСС
һ޴ͻȻںˮ֮Գһգ֮ˮ׷ױС
СɽһСǺˮ֮͵ظںչ֦ҶïޱȣǼ⵶һƬƬɺɫĻﴦȻżԶԶȥһѪھ׽Ѫ⡣
εɫС֮еĺˮǹĻ֮󣬼֮ͱȫ˻֮С
ȻСеСҲԼû˽ȥ
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ï֦ܵҶɳȥ䵶һѸٳǰаһǹ֮䣬֦ҶһѨ
ҲûţӺȻһ߳СȥʱʱһץǷ䵶֦ҶȻϿήˡ
ûвȡʲôжС˳ȥСЩе֦Ҷ件ţЩ֦Ҷ׷׻Ϊ˻ҽ
СӻϷɳЩ֦ҶȫճɻҽСûмŷػļϣӯջӼյǰ˹ȥЩ򼧳յ֦ҶҲȫˡ
Сżշ˼Ȧһ˫ͨɫС۾Ǻ棬͵͵شżգƺҪÿһë档
ԶĻһ
ɫСĽкֺؿ˼ռ̵ۣػͷļϣȴעżա
СӣСʩʲôΪʲôС㣿æҵؽЩ֦Ҷѯʡ
Ҳ֪ô¡ҡͷɻ󣬲ΪʲôСԴԼ
ϣһСĶҪȻԴ㣬ú룬ʲôпС񡣡ѡ
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ڲҽ֦ҶѸٽھſ̫ҫ֮£ȻһӨı˸Ź
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Сչᣬ˲䵽Ļ֮УܻСϴֻ֦ҶϻΪ˾ӨҺ壬СС
֮зڳĻ棬Ժ֮һ·ͻȻʲô
ȸ֮Ѫ
ʥ֮һȸ˻֮УȸӴСǧ򱶣ǻɫС߰˳ɵƣСһĻУ᲻Ҳǻޣ߾һֻСȸ
յϿ˵ʥһڴ֮ǰҲһǿ壬ܹΪ˵ȸ϶ֻһôһɫСҲпܱһֻûгȸ
㲻ǣҲ϶ȸйأ
Լ̲ȸ֮Ѫ֮Ļ֮ǳУﲻǻĵزΪȸ֮ѪԼ߷ѪʱȸľѪϢ϶ԳһЩ
СпΪȸϢĳֲŻԼģ

˼ʱǰײֻаֳɫǹڸһſŹֲȥ
֪ǲǺйأЩֲѸٿήôһĹЩֲ֦ҶƣƺѾûϢ
ǱĻûĺˮʱҲ½Сӯɫĺˮһγ˵ǰ
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Ҳûԥһ˱ڲ
аºؽ֮󣬼պͺߵϣͷһһӣһţʵ壬ǽһȵ棬С
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ûǳֻаããƣϺõİ׳ϡ
ȻĴϢԶĻ˿ڱǣĿ궼Ϊ֮һ
žɳĮļգһ̤ôóвʵĸо
ǺȻһԣȥժöεҰӣһͰСɽɽ£һɫʯͷʯͷ״Ȼ졣
ƽʯһ㵽ЩСʯͷԱߣ·±˺һ㼱æЩСʯͷһԶ
СԶļСɽ룬ûйļˣСֹʲô
а¡Ҳûɽ滨ݺʯͷȻһжǲû̫ǵĿҲڴ˵ء
յʱǲмƺЩӺյֱ֡
ֻһԥҲ˺յУСڸСɽϲժһЩ滨ݣһһЩʯͷҲòߡ
滨ݺʯڹż˵ģ鵤ҩľѲϣǺϲƽʯһԽļͳ̶
ˣƽʯһЩľѲϣƽʯĥɳ󣬿仯
Са¡֮ԶһвмһˣȻΪ֮ǰΣһǺ֮ǰ͵õȻˡ
СԶֹһƺҵ˷ҲûкͼամкԹ˳ǰɽȥ
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աˣͣ˶һЩ滨ݵռʹһЩɿٶȽǻС
羰֮أƺһԻõ󷨣СӦѾҵƳԻ󷨵ķһɽתȥ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Сһͣ
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룬ʱʱмŵʯССֻܴţЩʯСԵУѻһ߾߰׹ǣЩ׹⼣߰ߣ׻ڹͷ
ÿһ߰׹ǶʯСĸֻҪˣһ۾ʹ¿Բ²Ȼԭ̤ʯСϵˣΪС׹ŵµĽ
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СǰһʯСϣа¡һʯСϣ֮ʮɣСûˣԹ˵ضǰһСڰ˼ʲô
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ΪһͷߣȴͷβûгԸ棬ֻԹۡ


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氲ȻȻǻ·Ȼ·ˣַȻȴĿǰΪЧķˡ
ȴҪҪǰе·


493 ң
濪ʼҪϴˣ֪һҪжɥ
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Ϊʲôǲ룿ⲻƽһھǱߵŮˣͻȻ
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ģ㲻µġɫһͻȻѹͷңѡԶһŵ㣬ﰲȫ
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ûмϻļ򣬱һ߸Ծ𣬹ڼָǸʯС
Ƕվɹؼ£뿴ʯСûгȥ
˼ӣִ˵عһŵ֮¶һٺϲȻƺ뵽ʲôһϲؿżգим˷ܣɻ󲻽⡣
Ϊʲôտô϶µĻŵ㣡
ֵˣڴʱһָأٺЦϣкˣΪҳһŵ


494 ɣ
ɫԱ䣬Щ֮£ҲֻܹӲͷƤǰ塣
ȻʵǺаħȣҪ̫࣬Һͺա˹ȥȴҺϻ
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Сӣʺ˻ãҲֻǶһʱˣὫһԵʱһһбƺسżȥ
˫ͫһۼصļϴһʲô
һֵĺȽУһ˺󷽵ĻСעǱߵĸɫһ䣬һ䵽صϡ
׼ʩƵأһЩע⵽Լͣ˺̵ĶʼСʲôֻǲЩȰˡ
ޡɫŹָ֣ǺǰһеȾŵ㣬ͻȻأ㿴ǸʯСûεǸҿ϶һ·ֻҪұ֤㰲Ȼ
һܸߣ˶ˣȻ˶ǵ٩أٺٹЦѡ
һصһۣСӣΪһ𣿡
ʼ磬νŲ㣬һʯСŵ㣬ֻѡһл·
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ڴʱԶͷѾƮˣصԻεţƺҪˡ
ϱ죬ֺݺݵص˼һۣųɵǸŵ㡣
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֪ػôոָǸʯСǰһŵ㣬Ҫûһ̼˵˵ѡһʯСȥפ
Ǹôһ˵˶ǵ٩أԼҲôΪȻѡǸŵˡ
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СӣһȻֹ
ЦЦʹ˸ʾҪģȻյŵϣСվָǰһʯС𣬵һѡǸȥעһֵܳ
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ɫǳϴСʱһˮѾ߸Ծ𣬴Ӱ͵سץ

ճһǲ۵ϴСɫףͺȻײˮϣɫһ䵽ˮϣЩ໡ˮȫ
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໡ȫ䵽ˮ֮ײͻȻըˮ֧顣
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׶˲䴩͸ˮӣˮ˳ȥһֱԶŽɫС
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ˮԶܴأһɫ֮УһָǶѾŵ㣬ȴֻѡǰδ֤ʵŵ֡
һոߺһֳǰɶȥ
С˽Ǿ죬ϵ֮ǰŵ֣Ϊһֳŵ㡣
һĸͻȻ̧ͷ˫һ˿⣬С֪ȷ߷
ԵҡҲһ졣
Щϼ޻ļһȻżյĸһ˵ˣһεҲˣζ׼ȷҵŵҪǻǸ˵Ļ˶Ȼˡ
ֹҼɣЩһǰ;˵ǵı̽ߣҲɻ󲻽⣬ҪԼֵǸ꣬ɫ粻֪Щʲô˼
ԭӦǰ̽·а£ĿǰڲϵؼգԵĺգոǹҪŪصİɣ
տغٺٸЦҡͷҲ֪


495 һ
ǰղϵص߸˵ʶ׼ȷҵһһŵ㣬û˿ԥǲһŵվСһŵλãͻһγɳȥ
С˽ΪֽЩðˮʰûк֮ǵļǰС
Ĭǰеĵ·صԽԽԶ
һ
һֱڵʮŵվ֮󣬼ղͣͲǰǶһ
ˮڻСԮ£ȫûɫˮһϾͻ壬ǰ˶صˣ峹ױˣҲɫѸٻָ
·ֻҪɫǾԶ
̤̤̤̤
Сµŵվǰɫеľ֮ɫԽԡ
ҡѡˣʱҲӺ󷽸һŵվҲü
ô֪ʯСʵģСͻȻʵ
ͨˮʱƱѾûбҪˣָָǰһʯС·ڻؾˮƽؽͣЩˮǰ̽ߣһУЩȱȫļƬУһЩǰĶݼѶ
Ҫ⣬ˣ˶ԳȻҸֱӿ޵СһףֻŶʯС̽ȴû뵽ˮ¹򡣡
ǰ·أٺٹЦܼ𣿡
ҡҡͷ̯ʾԼҲûа취Щˮļֻܹ·Ҳһ֪ˡ
ƲƲ죬˵Щʲôȴˣˣûˣһҵʮŵ㣬λĻᡣָ˺ա
һϲЦǺǵֱͷ
Ǹɣǰδ̽һֱа£ʾǿЩϡ
аһֻܹӲͷƤϣһ·ԵʱͻȻʣСֵܣûʲôõĽ飿ǵ飡
Ȼһ£Żش𣺡ǰ·治֪μȥֻܸһ飬Խŵ㣬ԽпǾ·
һָǰһʯСֵǸʯСҪѡˮһһ֮⣬ûбĽˡ
аţΨ©κһ֣껹۾һصضԼյҽβػһ飡
аԾȻԶһʯСȥصʯСϽ䡣
ˮ˳ƶ𣬺ݺݵسаץȥСĻͱ׶ʱ֣Ǽֻˮ
ӺһʯСȻаµǿϲصسżյ˵ͷ
ȻʧЦĵһǲġ
һĴµ
а¿ʼǰɫеԽԽأиʴʼҪˣ˶òȫԼĸľЩɫĻơ
һһǰеĹ䣬Ĳϼ٣˼ѵǰš
һۡ
ҵʼնûг֣ûðȥֻ̽ǲϵشߴűǰУһɫ֮ʧ
Լպͺ˳˲ܹԼˣźһðյȨ
һֱۿǰһ˲ɫУҡѼϵĮһʶʵڹؼʱܹӳá
һĲҽڻԺһĽᾧĺǰֳɫһϲЦˡ
СҡһˣûȥԱߵʬǣ磬һһͶǰӰĺС
ٺһЩˣ׷¶ϲ֮ıҲȥ
պͺûż˽Ĳʱ򣬲˽ȥ

ҩģʯ
ôӣûʲôհɣ
ˣôҲֶܹ飡

һİĻûü״ϴľֻһѵĸֶߴߴţǰ۾̰
վԵĺգҲ⣡
һҲһˣжݵʧ
ǰһϵСУڽеһ̣Щ϶дҩġŻ֮ĵƣÿһ̴Ŷţƺڻӭ˵Ĺ١
ΨһЩǡʯֵϿһӰ
ЩŵĵҲûκεڽֵǰһʯǽǽһԲԲԣúγ֮ǰĺͨ
ˣЩ֮еϣǿȡӦõġҿڣҪǵãÿһֻܹȡһĳִڵĽƾͻᴥеĴŻԶرգûܹ߳
ٺ٣һУֻҪһ̰һ˶⣬һ̵ŹرգǾͻᾭһԶ߲جΣǽ֮󣬻ᷢкܶʬǾǰ̰ߵ³Ҳʱ
ʱ򣬻СѾԹ˳ǰȥˣҲûֵĸֲ̡
ҡԥһ£ƺҪִԵȡϼǲ֪ʲôȴû֡
˫ӣЩߵתתȥֳһЦ⣬ƺʲôû˵
һס̽ֳһѾ׼ֵĺգҡҡͷ
һز⣬ֵؿ
СֵܣûйȥǶԵġڴʱаͺԣЩҲȫȥ߱ȾħħһأһȡЩеҩĺʹľ
һ㶣עһԵˣǸִ꣬ҲûжȥЩȡҩġ
аºǸ⣬ҲûжƺһЩʲô
УǰͨʱƵģ֮ܿͻرˣΪҪħһ˵Ѽʱ߳ǴһĻᡣаѹ
ЩһﲻҪڻˣָָǰˡ
аµ˵ͷЦӵ㿪ʼĶѾãٶȥ˽˵㻹ǽˣҲ˵ǰļһӵ㿪ʼͲҪڻҸ·ˡ
ԭˡյ˵ͷĵȻˣҪҪڻҵĻȻѣҲͣˡ
Ĺǰʯǽ仯ɺͨһѾһһˡ
߰ɣҲҪץʱˡа֪һٶȳǰȥ
պͺպһۣҲû̫ԥϸǰа¡


496 ǰ
һ磡
·ԶͣЪһ޼ʵҽڹţҽһͨʯɢž˵ĸ£һһŤӣʱʱһ޴Ļɫʯ顣
桢׵硢ҽ壬بŲ䡣
Сѡҡһˣһ˶Ļʯͷϻⲽǰţļѡ
ɫ֣ιסĻ·ϵɫУΪһ֡
Сһα񣬽Сȫ׼ǣڼеȻҲܻⲽǰУϵĻ׹ЩϣҲֻڼһ㣬С޸¼ָܹܿ
ͷϰ׹ǶѻȻγһʵɡǹɡϻĵ䣬ۼΪʯĸ·ա
ѴһɫƤףƤ׸ȫͷ壬ɫƤײ֪ʲôɵģȻͽµĸ£ԳȻǰС
ϳ߲ʹ⻷ǹ⻷һȫˣĽ¶С⻷ֳջꡢʯĻ𿾡
Ϊ⣬Ȼ仯ʯˣ峹׳˻Һɫʯһ˫ۻ鶯쳣֮⣬Ѿˡ
ͨصıҲǰУϻͽҽһʯֺ
һ˸ʩֶΣǰнţٶҲ졣

һվĵطΨһһɫʯͷҲֻһʯͷûи£ϻֺ
֮⣬˷ǻضǹҽյһĻɫʯ
ȻǽµʯͷΨһİȫ֮ء
ֻҪǰˣҪʱӦԻҽҲҪСϵ׵ըԻͷûаգ;ȻҪȷͷʱҲֻ·һ
аµģѹߵһ飬Ȼ˵ͨʲôֻҪܹڻҽϮͿˣһ˵ʱҾ;Ȼ󲻵ò˻صġ
һˣ˵صģֻмպͺǵһΣһ֪аôһ˵˰ľ
ллЦЦĵл
֮ǰаºǹһаºһģǱʶｫаҲ˵˿Ҫаʱѯŵ飬˵Ҫ飬аʲôϸ
ʱʼԼаһѣҪȻڵĲʱ˵һһͷ˽ֵеˡ
Ƿһ顣а³˳ǡ
ʵŰɣڿʼȡɵĻˡڴʱǸͼйִ꣬ͻȻȻһЦ
غΪԻȥа±ͷһۣ䲻ȵ
ܹܲȥ˿ʵ֮⣬Ҫа³Ϊغָָ꣬Ĵֳ׵磬ҪǲӵĻٺҲûã
һ£غɭɭؿżգȻľŹʿٺҲûã
˻һаҲĬˣԥһ£ŶԼ˵ڻ֮Уÿʱÿ̶ҪķԼûаͷΪȷϣãĻȻȴʵ
аȻΪá
˵ͷЦ˵ףллѣһؿǡ
ϣкˡغɨһۣеһţһʯͷȥ
غͻȻһӨʯʯðĹΣغȫ֡
ЩƺŵҽЧһǱӨʯɢĹΣͻϻΪĺɫὦ䵽ϡ
캣ģѹôаˣа¾һ
ΪѰ캣ģ캣ʮ꣬Ϊ˽ܹãǱغȻһЦһ캣ģֱǰȥҲûлͷһۡ
аºһֻ۾ˣһȦȦĲƴаµϵԶԶȥа··ˮģӱˮƵĲƶŤĲʵ
аغ֮ҲһʯͷȥˣϵĲƵȻϵĻ궼Ƽûһλܹ䵽ϡ
غаȥҲʩֶΣ׷׽ҽ֮ڣЩһͨʯϣٲѵǰš
˻һǱߵģǷֱҡѡѶǾʵ֮
һͺ󺺣˱ɫĹ֣ǰ˴żʮһִ׵͵
Ǳ긯ʴŵıɫ֣Ǵִ׵֮˲䱬飬һִ磬Ȼȫ֮ûˡ
һ֮ͺӳ鴤°ĭûϢӡ׵糹ױҲҽУһ˲ʧˡ
а£һʲôͻȻԶԶаߺȡ
Ҵûȥһ㣬ȴ˵һ֮ԴаңңӦһ䣬ǰС
֮Դģ۷Ź⣬ͻȻðҲֵһԣ
Ȼ֪֮Դʮ֮ϣǾŹʿҪǳ֮һҪŻ֮вһ֮֮Դɼ֮Դжôıˡ
һ֮ԴһõˣսΪջ£̲סҪðһˡ
СӣҲòȥ㲻һҪðգܹһ㣬֮㲻ظȥϵؿ
аչȥ𣿡ü
ûԹҪԿʵڲٷءһ㶣Ц
ҲԡЦˡ
ֻоŹ֮Ϊ㣬Ҫԣһ졣
ûд𻰣ֱӳһպʯϣĻ֮վЩ䵽ϡ
һ̣ɫ֮ԪȸѪĴ߷֮£ÿһϸ֮ڷţ
ϣǻ˻ȥˣȻȫ嵱ûˡ
Ųպʯϣͨ죬ʯ·һ壬ƺЩʯĸ·Ӱ졣
ȸ֮Ѫڷڣһελ䵽ϣûȵĴʹУܹӻ֮ȡһЩĻ
ʥȸл֮ĳƺȸ֮Ѫһӳã֮زļѣȡĻ֮ٴλ
㣡㣡մĿš
źһЦյһ⣬ܹһջ񣬻ǵøһЩģţҪûյĻͱðˡ
ô˵ţҽⲽУƺΪΪɵһ


497 ɱʮʿ
Ļ಻·ԶͣЪŵҽӿͨʯɢž˵ĸ£׵ߣʱʱĺݺݵغЩҽɣĵǡ
Ժܶ˵ֱʱʱ̶̿ҪϮа¡غһҪС»ᱻɣᱻϵ׵ɱ
ȻһЩ˵ȴã
һһ
ͻһһܻӰ죬ˣЩϣޱĸоԡ£ȪУ̹ڵľѸٻָ
һ࣡
һִ׵ɲɵͷϣһ׵һţȻȫʧ
͵ıըδ
ģǵЦݻӲã̲סЦЦֹסĵĿ
ʥȸ֮ѪԵϮڻв˺ܹ档
ʥƿ׵磬ľѪţһ׵˺һԴ׵лȡ̲
Ա˵ǵ˵ֱã
סҽꡢ׵ЩĳУ̲סҪЦ
ǰһӰֳɵסһӰÿһƺޱȵĳء
ǸѵһŮһͷĳ磬ⳤһīɫĳչ׳
壬޾һߵ壬һʿ֮ȴŰյĳ˲ʮ֮кУ츳
Ůĵףüϸرһֱĳ֮һӡ
ƺùü壬ǽ޳ӻסһīɫĳϳһѪһ˫īɫҫɫĻڻʴ¹â
ƺڿţһ˫Ϻɫߵ֣ȻǱȸˡ
һʿ֮Ůʮ֮Ϊ츳ǿܹ֧ŵڣȻ֧ŵյ㡣
֪Ϊʲô֪ǰ;ãȴûлͷȻðǰС
ŮĲԶһ׵㽥Ŵ󣬺Ȼغ꣬غ캣ͷŵĺסܻϮԵúɡ
ôֻҪΪԸΪҵŮūҿԴһ̣ǰغٺٹЦš
ΣŮҧ˺ߣ㲻캣ģ㻹ңһʵҵļһֻﾹȻΪūǿЦ
ٺ٣ҪȷʤһȴԶԶңڵҪȥѾˣңһҪɢˣʱĸ߰ʲô;غǰ
غͼ֮һŮ˵ľ뻹ǳһʱ䲢δע⵽ա
Ȼϵȥ¶һʹйֻ⣬йŤϣһʱᱻڵļơ
ԼĴݲȣ˿Լ޾һЩӻֳΪʹѵΪ˺
ҧաѵءǰȥɫʹ࣬غŮ£ˡ
㣿Ůϲˣǿͷһۣһ˫д˲졣
ϻعͷż૵ɵ˻ֹһһɵˡ
аЦȴʹı飬̵ŮվЦڻȥҲˣֻܹǰߣϣյѾӽˣµҲֻˡ
ŮȻһ̾ûлػȴͬĸо
ףǰغͻȻһЦСӣ㾹Ȼҹ
ѾߵһˣǱˣôһ٣ǰ·𣿡աصͷغ
СӻǴغɭɱҪ˷Ѷһ·ҲǺһô˵ţغȻ
۾ðĵĺ⣬غſڿʼͶұֳ˵⣬ֻΪҵ·𣿾ΪҪɱң
ٺ٣ȻҪˣҲ޷غ죬㣬˻СҡѡҶ⣬ҽκ˶ɵ˿ֻһˣаһҲɱǸŮֻҪһͷҲҪɱˣ
Ϊʲôü
һһЩұҪõģЩС˲һҪȴҪֻҪɱһҾˣһЩȫңغЦһһ㣬ҵĶҪ
غһ仰㳯żѸٽӽ
ˣձͷŮ
ţҲΪ˭ŮūֻܹƴһսˡŮεص˵ͷҽѩֻоŹ֮ΪԶغˣһᶥסҪĹ
ա¶һЦһԼȻɱغ캣Ĺ㣬㽫԰Ȼɹһ㡣
Ҫܹõ캣ģһͨѩ
յ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôϵйʹ󣬽ӳ֣ĬĬؽȭ׺ҫóڶԪСҲƴ
Ѫ֮ԪеѨ̲ŵӴԪߵϢ㼯ϸһţֱʣעȭ׺ҫС
ûһ˿еۼʱ׼ӦһĴս
ҪԵһʮʿһܱȺնҪʮʿҪȫԸɲð
غߵѩǰʮλõʱ򣬵ͷЦЦȻͼɫȻɳɫƣڿб仯Ϊݺݵسѩҧȥ
ͬʱغִһɫֱ򼧳գ;仯Ϊһ֧ʸٶԽԽ죬ҴХ
ѩأīɫչɿͻȻӿϵĻ곯ɿȥ
ԭֻӿϣҲֻھһЩߵ㣬ƶز˹
ѩΣֻܹԼֵĹһҪСĽԼӻסⱻ
һߣһʸ򼧳գХӼʸдǡ
Хƺħ⣬͸˵ֱ꣬꺣һȻ˫عɱ壬Ҫɱ꣡
һϽԼľ̫¼ΪޣԼʶȥ·һӡ
ڼʸХд͸ƺȻҲĿˣǹ޵ҲܼʸħϮ
ȭһĥ̴Сɫ׻ᣬɫ֮УȻһִ׵ߣϸȥᷢһִ׵Ť׵һģһ
һ׵磬ǰ뼧һ
ʥԲٿ׵֮ӵʥѪҾ׾һԲٿ׵֮
䣡
ɫ׳ȥ;Ǽʸݺݵسײһ˲佫Ǽʸ飬Ȼֻɫױѿһִ׵һͻ׼غڶȥ
һЦѩ򿴵غͻȻһ͵ؼеܣ
غҲ˲ѩˣųȥԸѩľٿջأֱһ׵ľƹȥ
׵Ŀը£ȫˣ»Ϊɫϡ
һ޴׵ҲĵеܣƾʧˣΪе˿˿׵֮ɢ翪
غߣ͵Ͷ˼յϣСӣ㾹Ȼû
˼ʧˣһûôȥʼ磬̧ͷϵ׵磬ͻȻſ³һ׵ֲ׵нһķӡе׶
׵͵ط죬һִ׵йȥֻϵļ޴磬Ȼȫ׵ûˡ
ֻǶ̶̼ӵʱ䣬Ǹɼͷųȥ׵ʹʮֹһСʮ׵׵֮ţ񱩵׵֮׵ԽԽҡ
ףѩڿһزš
ôҲ󲻵վȻܹٿ׵֮У׵֮һΨֶܲɼͷų׵򣬾ȻһҪ׵ȡˣ
ǸǰɣǿԺģģǿԺһ⣬ֻҪҺǿԣԸɵǣغɫһ䣬ȻͻȻżռŤѺЦݡ
ǸѾ˺ˡᣬͻȻȵ䣡
ǼĶشС׵ٿشغ˶סˣ׵֮УغɳģϻΪһϸСĿ
ЩϸСĿֽ⣬غҶû¡


498 ʮ֮
غת˲ҷһҶûһ캣ĺԱ仯Ϊߵȴһϲ
˶׵ϣһ׵ţҪ˶ɣѩ׵Զ캣ľǰʮɴȴĳԶ˿һЩ
ϵйֳţƽߵ˶׵򴦣һֲֻ׵
ͣ
׵ѸСһ˿˿׵âСһģһ׵ͳײټ
һ˿׵âȥſֽ캣ĺһջԼĽӴУץ캣ĳԶѩӻ֣㡣
ѩһؿȴûҹ
ôҺ㣿ü
֮Ĳޣܹɱغһңغ˵һıҶãһֻջ١
Һغͬ
Ҳò
㲻һ캣ģԻһӣţˣҾͷˣ뿪ˡֽ캣ӵ¶һЦͷҲصسǰȥҲûж࿴ѩһۡ
ôһΣķıУһҪȶһ˺࣬аһκҲͬаµİʶʱľٶܹͬԼ洦
ԭ׼ͷҺգѩһ캣ģתһ룬Ƕδزһ⣬ԼܹһջֻҪǵĺôˡ
ˣûлͷôֱȥˡ
ѩ˺һʵ㣬ıӰþòţֱһ̣ѩŷֻоŹ֮ļգʵĻЩϽ䣬ʼȵĸ£ȴδ˺
ѩʶһиǾ棬Ϊʲô޾׵ܹ֮ڻгУѩУյƺһصɴô˿͸
һԶʧټѩǰȻһѽ캣ץУҾĴƺ»һ㡣
ȵƣ캣ĵԺѸٵƽҲҪԱīɫֿϵĻ꣬ĸо˲鲼ȫ
һһεĶͣѩһ䣬ⲽǰС

ڻУշſ飬ȴһУҰ̫þеҰ彫Լ磬磬ȥһС
ոںغʱвУƺĳڵѪ΢ϵ
غһս֮Ϊľĸı䣬ĸо㵴Ȼ޴ˡ
ѩǱ뿪һνԼǸ֮Լ꺣Ļ𺣡׵罻ڣأԣѲ֪Լ˭Ҹıǰеķ򣬳ĳƫƧıԵ֮ȥ
جج䣬ֻ֪һһֱȷе˵ڵѪߴȥĳط
֪˶ãȻ֮ѹ
ĿһǰһƬУһ˶ʯţʯɢž˵ˣҪκһҪϼʮ
Ȼʩչʻһʱȼյĸ¡
һ˶ʯ֮䣬һŵƵĻ棬һŻһһ˿˿׵Сһţ׵аȵĻ磬һŻԶԶȥһ޴ˮѿһ˿˿׵֮
ֻԶԶһۣͲһžӨˮĻ֮У̲׵ͻ֮
ϴִ䵽һʯϵʱ򣬻ʧȻͼһŻе׵֮ǿʢһ֣׹Ҳһʯ֮ʧ
׵ͻеƺڱһŹ׵š
ʲô棬Ȼ̺׵İԵ֮
ĿɿڴϲԼڵѪȻܿƵؿʼڷҰ͵ʼˡ
꣡
һѪм׼ޱȵ䵽һ˶ʯ֮ϣѪʯϣȻ͸һʯ֮ȼŵ֮С
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ڵѪȻĿƣȻȥ䵽ʯˣ
ѵʲôϵĵôһ£
һε壬͸Ļ浱Уȴûڻĸº׵ļ֮бգҺһһŻڣƺһŻ
䣡
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ʯеһŻ棬ϴʯзݳ׼˼գѸٳ˹
ŵĻɢһŻ֮иܵĿֲһͬڻ׵磬ߵں壬ûаտԳܵס
תҪ˵أȴһŻٶ֮Զ
׼һŻѾ˲Ϣؿû
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ڵѪȼգޱʹĸоȫ̲ס˻ؿڴ󺰴С
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Ǳ޴󷨻ҪʹʮĴʹֱԽܵļޣ
ʵͻȻʧȥʶô̱˻֮УһĻûûټ
ڻ֮ǰһʶǽԼظ֮޵̫¼ĸʹԼһһ塣
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·ĳŦʧˣʹԭƽ糹׿ˡ

֪˶ãһӰͻȻڼճһϷֳһһϢĽСӰҲڼ֮е
оˣǽСӰأ͸¶żֲ
˵ͷϵİ̺ţʹԵüΪ׶壬һҪĿѾʧˣƺһġʧˣ·ԽԽߡ
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죬Ȼߣȥһţһֵġ

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һ˿˿׵֮ͻ֮ţһµعںţ̫¼ġڡ־ƺԼӳãҪԼںһޱȵ
·ڳ˯ڻججƺڻʲôƺĳУŻ׵֮ĴڰеĹɡ
Ҳ֪˶ã̵ڻ֮
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ܹžе·һӱˣͻȻ䣬ڻ֮ϥ۾꺣֮ͻȻӿָʱ䣬һС
ԺУ꺣֮ڣֻЩ֮ĸֻ̫þڡ־У
Уûʱŵļ㷽ĬĬصĸţԺеһУȻ֪Ρ
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ۣ˫һ֮ͫеɫѾʧˡ
ʮ֮ʮ֮ͻȻЦ󲽳һȥٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ׵ͻ֮ĽŲ֮ƺڱţָǰе·

Ų㱦㡣
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СҡѡĬĬƺѾ˯ˣһϢûС
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Сǰ˷ܵطţߴߴͣƺҪ˵Щʲô
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ͷ֣ͣҪȻҲˡһˣĽΧ̬̫Ѻá
Ӧ֪ʥǼǰеıϣһСˣǽܹʯţһĶòҲԼһ㣬ţСֻ֪Ҫʥ𡯣漸ĶûȤȤ
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֪˺𣿡ٺٹЦ
ãҴӦǡһ£СɨһȦͻȻ侲


499 ڰ
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ʯͷһУ˶ƺˣ忪ʼѸٽӲʶЩģ

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аһ㶣Цһ£ְܹȻΪѣ
СӣݲСȻ˵ֻЦ
峤µүүոС˵ûҪɱңүүȻ֪֮һһ쵽㽫ΪСаºǺһЦ
ɫһ䣬һȻǿ󣬵Ҳþܹҵң壬Ǳмְյġ
ˣ˭㺦°СЦȻߴټգְɡ
յ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôʼʩٴνʥ𡱸Ū
СӣȥһˡƺС˵˼߳ŭضżպȵ
Ҳϻ֪ʱҲûкЩּۻ۵أа¡ѩ˵˵ͷڣ˵һܹټգһͷֳĺ֮ͨС
ѵˣЦĵСӱضӲŲ㱦ʲôΣ
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˵ܹ𣿡һ֮ѩ̲סһ̾ǶǷһ顣
аµ˵ͷ׶༪٣гһܹ壬һᶯΪЩֻҪȥҲǻȥ
ҲΨһܹķʽˣѩ̾ϢһΡ

ֻһ硣
Ȼһſž޴Ĺɽһߴ󣬷ֱ֮Уټһſž޴Ĺǻǵĳӣˮûһ˿ƽһ㡣
վһŲ֦棬ͷȥм׸ߣïʢ֦Ҷȫס̧ͷ죬ǻҰƲ㣬ǳ
߳ԶʶҲſԶ죬ȴܹĺۼ
ϸһ£ҲûзʲôΣգһжԵôƽƽ͸¶ֹԼЩԾȴ˵Ȼ
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С۾һǴִ֦ɣһȼշӦСѾԳˣʵ𣿡
һʵʲô˼
Ϊˡʥ𡯱Ȼɱ㣬һֹ̽ˣ϶ϱɵȻǻﲻɱ㣬ΪЩֵǮ֮ԴҲŹ㣬֮Ҫû⣬ɣС
յͷЦס
ţʶʱ񡣡Сص˵ͷֵǵһģΪ˷ֹȹҵɱԶǶŻʱҵ㡣
סһεͷȻʣҵȻʲôý𣿡
ȻҪȻҺϻʲôС̬ʵ˵ѺãֻҪ˵ȥҿԱ֤㲻ܹȥܹõʥ𡯣
ΪʲôҪңУܹеõʲôôʡ
ȥ֮Ҫġʥ𡯰һæûõˣʥ𡯵һ룬ҪţСҲֱԲֻҪӦºһ飬Ҿͻ취ȥ
ɾܾ𣿡Цˡ
С˵ͷܺãǵĽ״ˣǺãȽʥ𡯵Ͳٿط㣬ֻˡʥ𡯲ܹڶԴǵʱһԱڱ˲ɱ
ô˵ţС³һڰãã̲Եطǰ
СС³Ƕʱ˺ĺȴŵζСϢ
Сֻʮ꣬ĽС磬ģҲһ˫ȴź䲻ĳ죬һĸо
ؿСһĲ⣬֪ʲô
ȥйڡʥ𡯵֪ʶֱҪһϻСؿƺһӻˣͷߴٵ㣬ʱ䲻֪࣬ʲôʱҪȻҲ˷ַʽڡʥ𡯵֪ʶ
Ŷſڣ͵ؽСȥˡ


500 Զž
ʥس֮ʱ׵ͻ潻ڵ̬Ϊں׵֮⡰ʥ𡱷ǳ⣬żΪµķ֮׵Ŀԡ
׵֮һЩаЧƩһȵĻգѸĵ׵֮ӿֲһ׵֮ȥɢ
桢׵֮ǶԸаµĹں֮ġʥ𡱣Ǽֱһа֮ǡ
ĹʬߵɵĹħֻҪǱʥ𡱸ϱʥ֮Ѹȼգ˦˦
Ȼʥ𡱵òֻǶԸа꣬Ϊ汾׵֮ǵȫӵУҶǿ࣬˽սʱ⡰ʥ𡱿ɹأޱȡ

Ժйڡʥ𡱵һЩѶ꺣ԺһԺеһ֡
һЩйڡʥ𡱲ٿ֮ķһл䡣
ٿءʥ𡱵ķЩر𣬺ܶʱƿ߶ҪΪ֮ҪáʥʲôĹ켣ȥˡ
Сļ硰ʥԵĻ壬һЩʶֻҪʱԼ͡ʥ𡱹ͨԼϲŭֺ͡ʥһأʥ𡱾ͻ˲ٿΪ֪ĵѡ
ֱһ조ʥ̲˲ٿߵľ־󣬡ʥ𡱾ͻΪٿеһ֣ͨΪΪİ֡
Ǹʱ򣬲ٿһˣҪָӡʥȥУֻҪһͷͻ˳˵ĵ
˵ʱ򣬲ٿҪѶֻҪʥ𡱷˵ĹԲٿͻз
֮⣬ʥ𡱻ԲϵؽֻҪ㹻Ļ׵֮⡰ʥ𡱽ԽԽǿ̬ʹáʥ𡱷ӳӿֲ
ֹڡʥ𡱵ѶϢͨСһӡУйءʥ𡱵һֻǲŸոգŽԼϲŭֺ͡ʥϵϣ͸Ӧһ˵Ϣˡ
СȻۣǰһòïܴһۣ͡ʥ𡯵Ĺͨ԰нУǱҪǰˣǵĻɣǵҵĻֻҪҵģһ
յ˵ͷ̧ͷ˿ǰï֮ס
Сٶ˵ֱǰֳһȥղ̫ԶΨֻͻȻ֣ϸȥ
ǼأСԣȻʵ
ǰأ߰ɣһȥڴһ䣬һۼգɭɭСӣʵһ㣬㲻Ҫ뵷ҪȻ
ɫƽᴹͷûд𻰡
УѾУֻҪɱĻᣬԲŹ
ˣȥɣеÿһ㶼ʱƵģСһ㣬һ㽫գ˵Ǽ˻档С
ôһ˵ɫҲЩѿˣſʶɨһܣٶԣǰ·
ûãҡѡѺͻˣͷ׷ǰҶֳҡѡһֱڶŻΨֻǵߣ͵͵Ǳոɱˡ
Сżչˣ˲ŷ
һ˲ٶʲôһÿò֦Ҷ߶ţƺҪѰһȷеķ
Щ˶˽⣬ſԺҲûʲôرķֻ֣ܹʵʵؿŻСˡ
֪ôйرе֪ܹܲҵͨһڣһСһ䡣
Сüͷ۾һͻȻָһ򣬵Ǳߡ
ͫһһߣ֮ǰϸĹȻ֪򡣡
СȻһЦǵȻȷķ򶼲Ԥֺ֪αðռ룿
ߣҡһɨͻȻһУǼ϶˻⻰һ˵ģ
һƺ֪Цôһ˵ҵɫ̫ÿԷʱа⣬֪ʲô˼
ҪǲܹҵЩʲôһк죿Сһ̾
ҵԥΪСһ仰ֺȻᶨȥҪӴ˵뿪Ȼ˱ɱ
߰ɣΣˡߴһ䡣
Сٶ˵żǰһں󷽺ͻһ𣬷ֹʲô쳣ٶ
һ޴ԻЩɽһߴֱ
պСһˣЩ֦ߣܿأڲԶǰֳһɫĺˮˮһ龵ƽɫ֮أˮγɻƣ
С۾һͺһҪˣҶСһ㣡
ҵϴ˾һţڰʲô»ʲôʱðɵֵ
Ҳ̽ҫȡʶſСĵš
ǰ漸գ֪һԲô򵥣Խǿƽ֮أ̲صսԽ
ңһҲƽ̫һЩԲͬѰ
ܿأСżһò֮ϣͷǰԶɫĺƺ˼ʲô
ûʲô󷨵ĺۼյʲôطҹ󣬱۾һ£һͷˮҡҡͷ
ҲоСҲһΣԥһ£ӦԿֻҪǽӽǺеͨڣձȻ
˭ȥԣһ̬ҷȥ
Сüҡѡѵ˵Ѳһ飬ƺ˼˭ȽϺá
Ŀ֮£ҡѡһ˷׷ҡͷʾԼðա
СȥɡͻȻָ˼գЦһǹȥգҲˣ̽̽·ٿȻǻСķţһΣճ֣
д
ҡѡˣѾʼͷˣʾ鲻ͬüȥԡ
С۾˸һ£ŶԼ˵ȥɣСһ㣬ǻῴ㣬ҪǸоʲôֹͣ߻ǻ취
ΣҡЩ˵ע£Ҫ鶼ЧֻӲͷƤϡ
ͨ
ǲ֦ϷǱɫĺˮ㣬йѾȫסˡ
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һˮһй֣йֲûΪˮκα仯ϵóôһۡ
һȴ߶ȼУԼ괦̫¼֮е֮
һľһ壬ȴһҵʶ𽥵سǺȥ
ԶһſŴϵһˣüͷһ壬¶һ˿֮顣
Ƕڼʩչ̫¼Լ֮ʱǾȻ˲ʧȥ˼յϢ׷飬ҪۿԿվǰˮ֮УǶյĴˡ
аȣ֪嶨ȻЩֶ֮һЩƽϡ
ںˮУպΧľΪһ壬ĬĬظŹϵľдƲϵϢЩƺ˲֪꣬һѶѶ
ţЩϢԼȥ
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һ˿ľϢЩԵһÿòƺھźеʲô־Ȼ΢ȴʵʵڵشڡ
ˮ֮ж
óôһۣûмųǰĺͨȥӿʼ𽥵³źˮ롣
СӸʲôȥ룬ôˮˣ̲סԹһ䡣
ںˮзʲôС侲ؿ·𼱣һô󣬶Ǻǵ֮УҪʲôֽʱԳֹ
š˵ͷ

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֮ǰˮ֮һЩӲֲܹһЩصʯͷһƽĵĸо
Ȼ˺Уȴֺˮзǳǣ˵еʯͷˣһӲݶ
Ծ
շֺ׵󣬽һִֻй֣ˮһţȻŵ˵ζ
䣡
Ҳڴʱĺˮ룬һĲ
һޱбųȻҵųͻأ֮һ˲ͳ磬һּΣյĸо
ӣ
Ժ֮ĵһͷȻޱбųȴƺѾƺӦĻᡣ
Ӳˡ
Ȼһֽ״

Ժ֮Ѹٹһ飬Ȼ⣬ʱ̣ͻȻ֮תΪ֮ľһʶȫһо·Ϊ˺ˮһ֣ܱߵĹ
һ̣ûʶӻźˮг롣
ãСɫһ䣬һȻжںף
һºһȻ͵شǱɫĺˮ֮ð֮󳬺˵󣬲嵫˺棬һβ͸˼ǧףڼ֮аڶš
໣
ȻһĺУϵĻɫƲѹһŻɫƷӿѪС
ԶžͻȻУŵؿǧףۼ׵ľ
죡ײеļһ˵Ѿڴʱ𣿡ҲǲȻɫƺ⣬߰ɣ
ߣЦߣ̫ˣСӿ϶Ѿ군ˣڲزȥˣҲ벻һ㣬ֻܹ簾ţ
⣬ôУһţԶžų˿ֲǡӦ
ˣСģһͷԶȥ
ҡѡҲԥתСĽкֱź󷽷ȥ
ԶžӴ·ƻţȻÿһ£ֱӺ˼ʮɫнսڵУҪٶȿˡ
Сһۣж˼ֿɬ֮⣬ۿҡѾʼߣҲڰ⡣
쿴ͻȻСϲĽһָԶž£ĸǱģ϶Ҳסһ֣£
һԳ־ϲȵҸһԶžһ֣Ҳܹ뿪Ǻ̫ͨԶʲô㣡
ףСûǾһԶž֮ļգǾϲ
С۾Ҳһлᣡ
ãСӣСƺ׼Լȥˣ׼ͷͬͻȻɫ䣬̲סȥ
Ȼ
ڴʱԶžĺˮ֮УԭںһԾѸǺĺͨѾǡʥ𡱸ͷųˣǺͨһɨ
ͨҫɵģâͨеס
˼ҾһˣտѸٸϻԶžǳĻСˣЦЦŽʥջأһͷ˺ͨС


501 ׹
һɽһСӣһݣһ߿ݹǣǱĵڰ˲㡣
ճСĺˮУʪͿǰһߵɽɽһݣݵǰһ߿ݹǣ֪˶ꡣ
ȽʶɢݿŸת˼ȦΧûۼԺȻҵģ̵سǲȥ
ض䲻ðһԶžĹһƺԵúƽ֮ǰʱҲûеѡ
һ߿ݹǳֳҰɫķǳ͵ǲݵǰƺػŲݲ˽룬նۿƽǰǾʲô
ûмŽǲݣشһһ߿ݹǣͷϸϸؿһ飬һ߿ݹƺжǹͷЩط׻Ĺ㣬·̲ž綾
һ߿ݹǶڲݵǰҪݣҪһ߿ݹǣݹϵ׹ƺжһ֪᲻
ԥһڲ֪Сʲôʱֵ£Ǿ쵽ǲпܷҵھŲĺͨ
ؿһ߿ݹǣһݣҪſڵʱйּȫ
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ǣ
ͻȻһ죬ͽȻһٿػͷ
Ұɫһֻ֣䲻ðѸײڶ֮͵ץסŽףǹּؿݹǣ͸еϣֱѪС
ѪԪӣͨؿݹǼŽһ߿ݹУƺĳá
һָֻ֣ףѸٽڵѪ;Ԫʳͷͣ־塣
һ߻ҰɫĿݹǣȴʱѸٷ˱仯ǿնۿͻȻĹһǿתš
ݹϵĻɫһʧȡ֮ǰһĹͷɫһ߻ҰɫĿݹǣѸٱ纺һ覣ҫ͵ĹΣԶԶȥһʥĹо
׹һֻֻڼյĽϣѸٽڵѪ;ԪƺַͨȼĳֽƵ
պĻɢʶʼģˣȻڶٻͷۼˡ
ΪԼɵʱ򣬡ʥͻȻðݳ˿˿׵֮һذ׹ֱϣĻҲ˲串һ߰׹á
׹ۿ͹𣬺Ȼһ֡
֪ΪΣǰ׹òڼսϵİ׹צ͵ջˣǰ׹ۿеĹ˲ϨʧϢ
ʧȥһѪ;Ԫļգǰ׹óֵһǼ䣬»ָʶ
ҫ䵽УҲ룬һӳ͵ǰ׹õ֮
ϣ
˳ǰ׹Ǵֻһ𻨣ȻһѿڶûС
׹÷Ѹ˲УҫٴеؿŰ׹ãŭȵ˭
׹ûһ㶯ۿǿնŵģҲûĵĹֳ
ʥ𡱲ֱϣضǰ׹ã˫֮еľŭԽԽŨ
ͨͨ
ԶСУȻˮȻͼһӰСֳ
СһˣһɫǱ֮ĺ󱳶һȭͷСѪСҲɫ԰ףƺںԶžս̫
СһˣһǺˮһۿ˲еļգϳ߿
һСȻܹһɫȻһ䣬Ҳûǰһ߰׹ãæעеСУҪлЩʲô
ݺСмһţԱľһľϰżСƿӣһľһɫһľϷűһ飬һľһС
һľϿһȴֳͨȻͨһĺͨˡ
ԶСһѸ˵ϣֳɭ֮飬ƺ޲Ҫϸɱ
ûһ˿ɣִһ㽫ĸľϵһɨգЩȫ˽ӴҲСһۣϽʥ𡱸ľϵĺͨ
ûз֣ʥ𡱸ǺͨʱǰǸ׹ۿеĹһֳ
СӣӲģӵĺǣҲҪɱ㣡Զߺţһ߳ҪŽյĽԼٶȵĽƴڣѾɱˡ
ûٿһۣǺͨԽˣϽʥջأȻһͷ˽ȥ
ǣ
ǰİ׹ãͻȻվһ˫ĵĹͫŻС˹ķһۡ
Сһˣ꺣ͻȻ˾κˣֳʹıƺڳʲôµĹ
׹ֻǸһۣͻӣڡǡ˺ͨڼ֮˺ͨС
׹һʧСĸ˲Żָ
һʲôһ£ƺոǰ׹õһɨӣĳֿµجС
֪ҡҡͷ
ʲôСѾһ㣬ǺͨδرգҪһ㣡Ҵߴ١
ﲻٶ˵ͷҲǰȥֻȴǾ衣
СһԲڿҪݵʱڵۼԼסȻŸҽݡ

ھŲ㡣
һʯңʯֻһԲδ󣬳֮⣬ʯҲ¡
ԲεĴԵһۣаϡŹֵʯЩʯṩԴԴʹԲδҫתš
Բδһ̣ϱ˴Ҫ뿪ķԿһۣϱλһŲʶЩָʲôطҲ޴֪
ǣ
׹ͻȻֳĵعۿƮһޱȹĸо
׹һ߹߽Բδ룬վȻһ
еҫһչ׼Ͱ׹һսȻ׼֣ȴִӰ׹õϴһ˿еϢ
׼䵶ĿŰ׹ã֪ΪΣȻ׹һӱÿɰ
ͻȻо׹ò˺ƺҪһĸоеĸоϵԼֶԸ׹á
ˣ뿪ط˵
뵽СʱϲŪһȻһͻʯͷȥ
һ춯صĺУͰ׹һڴİ׹ʧ


502 ͨĸ
žžž
պͰ׹òԲδʧԲδͿʼѣԵǶŵʯһһ鱬鿪Ϊ촷ɢ
ô̶һǼ䣬Բδ֧飬Ҳɼ顣
ȻҲܹʹˡ
Ҳʱ򣬻СĸˣͻȻʯֳֻǶǲȱȫԲδһۣ׷ױɫ
󣡡һ뿪ǳΨһķɣСӣСôȥʲôط
ͻȻЦЦгԳսʮ֮Ҫ֮ˣȴʲôûõһ΢֮δȹ̵СӸһǿЦ֮
ЦǾѺѻԶžˡҲһЦ޾Ļںޣ֪ͰСɵˣ
ҵġʥҲûˡ૵ͻȻһؿС㣡ҪֹңǡʥѾˣȻֻһҲ㹻ͻƵ֮
СɫһҪǷҪСУôܹӳǵƿأ
һָңСЦΪ̰ǸôܹԶž½ڰ˲㣡
ʲô£ŭˣԶžų˿ֲǶܹӳĸӦСȴԣô֪ƭԶžأ

˿ʼҵֵס
ʲôͻȻԲδ룬ԲδԲƬϵָָķ
꣡ȥһۣٿؾе֮أ
֮أɫһ䣬ҿ϶֮أ
ͷ۾оȻֳһ˿֣֮أҸҿ϶Сȥĵطе֮أ
֮ءС૵Ц֪ȥʲôط˭ܹ뿪ǳ
˻һȫĬ
ѵ
ڴʱܷʯУͻȻѿ˼ȴͨԿɽص
ĽʱˣǱЩ뿪ˡһЩ֣Ͻе
㿴Ȼָ򴰻գֳֻ
һ֮̽Ȼǳƿշ裬Ѹٳ߷ٶԽԽ졣
죡˭ôǳϷУҲǾһ
СһȻԼǳƺ𽥼ҿԸоĵҪ˶ãǱԴǳ뿪ˡ
ͫҲֳϲ֮飬ͷǳʼʧˣҪ˶ãӦöԷ뿪˵ˡ
ôȻ
϶Сйأһ뿪ʲôŲ㱦仯ˣӰǳҿ϶
ڳȻû·˵һסˣָоܲҪȴЩġ
С˱Ŀһ£͵زȻɫ壡
Сľ£һӰȻڴָͣһ׳ָĻƣԻһʬ
ǼջڣһۿŮ˾ǹʬˣһˡ
Ů˹һĿһץҾͱֱץ˳һֻţָ׵ҵĺڣ
˭˭һֳ飬˵˭
׸ߵһֻɪɪⳡԵüΪĹ죬һּΪЭĸо
ŮƺҵĻش̫⣬ָ͵زҵϣһİĻҵϷݳձһĻ
һУսֳйڼյļ䣬ͨЩչŮ˵Уûһ䡣
ұˣϵϢԽԽ΢һ֮еļ˲еĺͨʧϵȻֹ
ŮһеĻȫʧȻֽӸԵĹʬʬץסҺϿʼãԵѪɽ
ǰһۣ۾䵽ϣૣȥ֮ء
ݶʱһԲ
СˣҲǴؿͻȻֵŮˣֻ촽ɬ֪ӦӦԡ
Ů˽ҵļһ飬Ȼſ³һһΪڻСһš
һ̣СˣͻȻԼ꺣ж˵ʲô
ʮڣ壬ʩ꺣еĽƻֻҪ廹һ˻ţʲô³Ů˵˵ôһ䣬ѾҳԵľĹʬһɳ졣
֮ĹŮ˭ĵùȻǿǳ鷳ʮ壬ǿѣ
ҪԼĻ֮꺣еĽƽڴʱСͻȻڣҪĻˣĽƣûм˿Խ⿪ܹ⿪ǼҲԶ
֪һ
Ҳ²ûĻӦ˶ԭʼ缶ǿߡͨĸСε̾
ͨĸһʼЩãһͻȻɫ䣬е˵˵
С˵ͷЦǻ취ɣ֮⣬
˴εͷҲֻܹˣ֪ΪʲôҪСӣСӵѵʲôܲɣ
֪СãҲҡͷ

ǣһС͵Ĵ
ոϽ˳»ᱻǱĴˣȻҫǴһӣʹһٻĸһЩ
֪С˻ʲôʱðΪ˷ֹҲô׷һţ׼ٵµĴˡ
׼֣ȴȻִԼʼĵҲ˳æ׽ǴȥȵѾһ˿ĺۼˣŷ֣Ҳһ
һҰɽ֪ʲôطǸһİ׹þĴͺۿеĹϨˣڵһ㶯ûС
ؿǰ׹ã˼Ÿδƺ𲻵׹úֺĳϵ֪Ǻá
ˣȿʲôջɡ
ҡҡͷʱշһߣӽӴץǸҡһ¡
壡
Աߵİ׹ҲվŹۿ֣ĵضñЩ⡣
ףƺʲôȿе͵ؿ˰׹ãϲԭˣ


503 ֮
ҡΣǰ׹ۿеĹ̵֣վòԶ
аϲһץһֽӴڵȫץ˳
Сƿһһľ飬Ǳڰ˲еõöˡ
ǽСƿǰȥһСƿСĹ֣Сƿӷֱдⵤͨ񵤣ƺӦ⡢ͨؾ硣
һӣȷСƿװⵤ֮ͨ𣬼մϲ̲סЦ
ȻСƿӵĵҩԺ󼸸棬㲻֪ȷеãҲ֪ЩҩԲ
ݺ˵ʮ֮ʿΪףһСͻƱҪǧĿޣԽԽѡ
ʮʿ˵ܹʵȻ󣬵ǺܹΪ鵤ҩǱҪѷɫˡ
ܹΪĵҩκһʮʿۼ֮أΪӵ߾ԲԱˣֻԼΪ
ƿⵤͨ񵤣ǷУҲǿΪ֮ۺ䱦
˸߲ҵذһƿҩ֪ʱòϵֽƿҩ׼ŪƿҩȷйЧͻƵ֮ٷЩҩ
Ȼһ̯ҲֻһƽС߷ǳϸܣ䵽ͣʹ˳ЩԽԽء
ԺϸôһסˣţеǴҲǴеСҲ֮Сʼսе˲סл
ץһڲ֪ʹõǰ£ЩȻζ
ôһǱľǱŷһҳҲһ˿Цݡ
һȫ֮󣬼һԭˣھŲ㱦ðȡ
һľУҩʹ÷֪ӦʹУƿذ׹ãⵤͨԼΪ
Ѫɷƣ˿ϡɣԾѪֱʹãһչԽκУʩߵսС
ѪɷԽˣѪɷѪɷУһѪɷð뱻ߵпʳߵѪ⣬Ƕ񶾡
塱Բٿذ׹ã׹ÿԳֶԵУǾ˵׹ƺǲһʿһһЩͨ
ơ塱ķҲѣһƪ򵥵ľйһ飬Ȼҡǡ塱ʱ򣬰׹ñˡ
գЦЦеġ塱ǰ׹÷ݳӱһ׹ס𽥵СССʧ
ⵤֵͨҩȷΪ;ĹЧõʱҪһЩҩģҪȻֵܹҩĹЧ󣬾һҳֽҪĸҩĵϸ˵
г˼Ѫɷ塢ֵҩʹ÷֮⣬һŲȱĵͼǵͼһűƤƳɣӡһЩķţһʱЩŴʲô˼
ͼȻȫķֿʲô壬ûڵͼ˷ʱ䣬ֱӽͼ
ǾŲ㱦ϵļպˣ׼ʲôطôʯתһȦ㷢ʯǰһصľʯǾʯϳֻ̦塣
ȻҪʯгȥͱҪʯῪƿ
ʯԱߣͷһ£־ʯûֵĵطְھʯ棬ʹƶ
¡¡
һУʯŲλãһһĿĹâ͵شҫ̵۾ʧˡ
òȽ۾ϣƶǾʯʯƿһؽ۾
ǰһâĿĶѨڣӲӵĹâʹǶѨһϲ֪ǰǶѨĳˣͷֿһֱۣĶѨûʲô쳣˳ȻѸٽʯ¶ϣٷɵǷĶѨڡ
̫߸̧ͷ죬̲סһӳľȻ̫߸һϣ߸̫Χ룬һͼΡ
̫֮֮⣬һҫŨֱ̫֮͸İ֮ʿֱȡ̫֮ҪķѾȥ̫֮ġ֮ڡ
̫֮֮Ѿ㹻ʿˡ
ҫĿ߸̫ͷһɽÿһɽ嶼мףһЩɽмʮףԶԶȥɽƺѾ̫֮ˡ
ھһƵɽɽͱڿڣԶԿ಻ɽһֱԶ죬ƺԶûоͷһ㣬һЩ֮о޴ʱʱðÿһ;޴
ظ֮ǰǸǳƣԪΪӯֻûκεĽƣ裬κεԼ
ʶſԶ죬ͻȻ֮һɽ֮УڶǿϢۼСĸһ£ЩϢ֮д඼ʮ֮ĸ֣ҲһЩ˵ϾųȻ塣
һֻ֪ԥһ£Ǹڶ־ۼĵطҪŪ˵صơ
һ·ʶſµɽ֮ڣϢڡ
ЩϢǿȶǳˣĸ֪Щɽ֮ڵҲŰʿǿȣ֮ǿȾŹ졢ʮ֮ĸų
ȻЩɽ֮ڵԲ
˰ʱңڳ֮ǰܵǿ߾ۼ֮أһ޴Ļɽȣһµķݣ滹һص̯λЩ̯λϰڷֲֺټĿʯ޵צǣйĲĿӦоС
һЩŹ졢ʮ֮ǿߣĹ䵴ţ֮⣬иָˣ塢˻֮У̸ཻţһɫȻƺѾϰΪˡ
Կһ£ɽУ塢֮⣬߸ͬĸߵڣЩͬɽжڽʲôﵹһУЩԶԼռı˽ԼҪһЩϡ
һȻϷ֮󣬱سɽȥΪֹ֪Լʲôط


504 
ɽУһ˺һһЩҩݡؿʯϵ̸ţչԺ󣬲û˴˶æµԼе顣
ַΧеԯȾٰĽᣬ֮ȴûôУԵú裬һжΪ˽ס
ߵһǰֻǿһۣ㷢һҲʮ֮Ҷ΢׶Ρ
걳ǻҺɫģʱûչǽ£ڱֻһЩëΪ̫Ųòϵϣƺܰɾصĵط˽׵ĳУԴֹëմϻҳ
ǰżӣЩкɫɫɫɫЩһСף·Ȼγɵģ΢һЩСб㴫ء֮ЩëȻ
üͷһ壬Щӱ紵󴫳˵żӰҪܹԸķӳ
Ȥ국Ȼ
ʲô;𣿡ѯʡ
꣬һ;ֳ֪һûȤ̸ģֱĮ
ոЦһָָԱߵһС֣ʵҪȡĻʯʲôģ
Ǳеõʥ𡱺󣬾ɡʥ𡱵ʯͷã֮˼飬ҪȡĻʯһɡʥ𡱵ʯͷǻʯдһʡ
лʯüͷҪûлʯͲҪϻûմ㡣
мʯͷǻʯҲǣԼҲԲҪ˵һЩղ̬ȣЦ˵
ʯŻ׵˫ԣڲŻ׵ϸС̬𣿡Щм૵ʯֻһЩ桢׵֮زŻУҪǼʲô֪
˵Ļʯ𣿡ȡһȭͷСʯͷջ˻Ρ
꿴һۣЩɻ󣬵ǡ
ŶЩʧĵȻǣֻܹұˡ
ףͻȻһɫƺЩܡܸϸ𣿡
Ȼսһʯͷ˹ȥ
һһʯͷӱһһʯͷֱһ۾ͻȻ૵ʯʯôܣôܣ
ͻȻ̧ͷ͵ض˼գǾ㵣ʵʲôطģ
ôʲô⣿üͷһ壬ȻҪĻʯǱˣ㽫Ҿˡ
ȻҪĻʯȴȻʯҵô󰡣һһٿʯҲһʯֵǮЩҲôһʯģ
ô˵ţʹһʯݸ˼գǲᡣ
ȵȡЦЦܹΪҽһЩ⣬һʯˣΣ
ģزš
Ȼ
ǽһһ˳յ䣬ԼȳŹȥ;лʱʱس֪ʲô
һ뿪ɽȣ𣬷ɿԱһƵɽͱڴǶ̽ͷȺżա
һûϵ굥ֻ߷ɣٶȱҪ⻹ֻһͨˡ
վʵĶ
˭֪֮صɽ֮û˻˷ѾΪЩɽҡͷ
֮أ˵֮أͻȻȵ죡ѵ򣿡
ͻȻСһŹֵؿ·һ
ã侲ЦŽͣǸһʱ֮ǰһڱͨһϵĴģԡЩԺ
ͨϵĴӻһˣ֮УŴϡ٣ܹԽĹŴָ֮Ϻʱ˿ԿԽĹŴˣ
ǸŴ͵֮ѾȥˣԺûˡճһ£ʵ֮أ
ٰ϶
֮أ¾ó󣬾˵֮صſԽһ֮Ԫȫɵ֮˵ѾˣҲ֪ûС
ˣûо·;ֻͨһǴڵǳ²Ҫ˲֪ˡ
һ뷨Ժӹһ̣Щ㱡
̱򣬼Ҳ˵ȥѾˣǷҲ
˵֮󣿡֮󣬼պȻʵ
ţ֮ǰȷڣѾˣôҪ㻹˼ɡ
ʶѩ𣿡һٴʵ
ѩ򣿡ҡҡͷƴϵĶŮǽѩ򣬲ѾʧǧˣƴѾǧ꣬ϧȴ˼ʲôһɡ
ĵطиѩŮҾʡ
ʲôطУѩ򳤵ʲôģɫһ䣬ͻȻȤȵȣһͼ㣬㿴ǲӣ
һһէģæڳһƬ׵ëָͷһ˿̹⣬ëһۣëϱֳһŮģǲǲǣ
ϸһ£յͷ
Ҵȥķƴϣ֮أһˣƴ˵˭ֻҪܹṩѩϢһ֤ʵϢʵԷһԪ
Ԫһ㶣ʲôԪʯһ𣿡
ѣӦǸոսʮ֮ðɣʡ
ô
һͻƵʮ֮Ǳ㲻ҪԪʯˣţ㻹û֮ͨԴڵɣԹ˽һ䣬˵бҪ˵һЩˡ
뽲
ʮ֮֮ǰʿڵΪԪȻһͻƵʮ֮ǱҪ֮ԴڵԪʹҺ̬ľԪʱ֮ͨԴſߣҲ΢֮Ҫġ
һڵԪ仯ɾԪͨԪʯѾ㲻ǵ;ԪĲ䣬ֻԪſǣҲ˵һڵԪʱɾԪԪʯûˣ𣿡

ҶˡһſЦŵͷѹֺշҪ֮Դԭ⾹Ȼͻı֮


505 Ǳ
վܾȥƴϵ飬һԪջ󣬵ȴ֪ҪõһԪס
оŲ㱦Ǹǳ̫أҲ˵׼ȷеλãοոմǾŲ㱦еһЩҪǷƴ˽һЩŲ㱦ܣ²˱֪ʲô㡣
˼£Ǿܾĺ⣬ֻǽԼ˽һûĸȻִл֪һĳʶҴææǶȥ
֪ʮ΢֮İϾѰطڵ֮Դʱ䣬Ŀǰʵѷ
֮ɽ಻û̵ĵطǳѰˣֻҪǿͿֱռ
ֱ׼Ҹ֮һ
ʶſĴεţԺҲ棬˼ЩеõѶϢ
УһŸǻ۲ӵǿĸߵ಻Ʃ塢塢ľ塢塢칤塢Ѫ塢ȵȣǿ壬廹Ҫǿ
Щ֮⣬д֮ǰ壬Ʃ塢ʥ塢壬ЩȻʵǿ󣬵ϡ٣һЩƫƧ֮ٳˡ
еҲֻܹһЩƽˡ
У֮䳣кܶǰ壬Ϊ࣬ǳڽսĽ׶ΣҪȱҵĶࡣ
Ȼ֮Ľ棬Ϊ档
ǴʱܵӰСѾڱֵıЩڱѵһĿʯҩȵϣࡣ
ҲΪˣŻԴԴϵǿߵʹһֱڻС
֮㲻öôҪһط̲֮ص֮Ҳĩβ
֮Ҳ˵ĵط˵֮Ǵ֮ǰĹսϹ齻֮أ˵֮һЩɽУϹš
Ϊԣ˶֮תƣϣܹ©Ϲ֮ϡ
˵УȷһЩѣ֮صһЩɽѨ֮żȻõϹһЩطԼľ籩ǵġ
˵ֽľ峤Ϊ֮֮ѰһϹĶõ˶֮еźرܹľڶǿӱľ峤
ȻѾǰˡ
Ÿ֮ص̽ЩѾ˵˭ܹ֮֮еõرˡ
ۼ֮صĸ֣ĴõϹ챦뷨˿϶УѾˣ֮ͣˣǿ֮һЩ޺ҩ
У֪֮أѾ˸ֵ֮أ֮꣬ȹľΪһĥ
ҲΪˣ֮ϲŻߵӡ
һ˼ţһ߷ſʶѰ˵ɽûã㷢һ׵ѩû̫ǿѩһѩֻһЩѩڻ
ʶһȦûбڴˣѩɽԳһѨѨֻܹĸš
붴ѨʯѨסȻͷ˼ƣֽȡǰ׹ôŪ
һԣ׹ѾľѪȻȻؿӵа׹õһƿȨ
Ϊ׹ʩһ׹һߣһƿ֮Դȡ˳
֮ԴԭӦĹ̬Ԫһ̲һƿ֮ԴȷʵҺ̬·ġ
һ˵֮ԴҪԭʼ̬֮Դգ̲ص֮ԴҲΪӴһЩ
οƿǣһ֮Դġ
ģһС֮Դһ䵽ģˮڴһʧͬʱڵԪƺһ£Щ
һֶ˼֮ԴģڵԪһڵĽʱʶҪ
̼䣬׹̫֮¼֮еİΪǱʶͷѨ֮о
һε֮Դ羧Өıһţ֮Դ֮ڱڵԪƺĳסˣؿʼóٻ
ڣ֮Դγɼÿһıһ֮ԴЩ֮ԴΧŵıԪ֮ԴΪЩԪת֮Ѹٱ仯š
һ˿˿Ϣ֮ͷųããˮȴ̲ϲ˵ɽĿһӱȻ
֪˶ãȻڼѸţת̲Ѩ֮еԪʼı仯
ȻڵԪΪۺǼ֮ԴƺԽڵԪȫתôһʶ֮ԴǷȱһЩ
ôؽһƿ֮ʣ֮Դȫһεεص֮Уһεε֮ԴȫڵĸγתۺԪ
һƿ֮ԴȫڵĸγһЩ֮еԪתٶԽԽ죬أ̬Ԫˮ״Ϣ֮еİơ
ãȻ䣬渲һããˮˮƲɢƺëѨһ
ѵ˽Ҫͷ

;ѩʮʿȻһͣضһڻ˵ͱڣŴǷ϶֮ͷųϢ
֮Դһ˷ɧŮ̲סһǵʦ֣ͻƵʮ֮֮󣬳ٳδܵõ֮ԴĻԪ㿴
ʦֵһֵĺӣͳªϻ㣬ҿƤǷɧŮ˵һƺãűӺٺЦ֮ԴǺöЩ֮е֮ԴԽԽϡˣ㹻һʮʿ֮ԴǼֵǰ
ʦֻ֣Ҫҵ֮ԴСһúñ㣡ô˵ţ˷ɧŮ˱ֵĺϿ˿һԳ˫ѹӵؿڣضһ
ɧӺݺݵؿһѣȻЦҲǴ󵨣ûػţȻô֮Դùˡ
ʦ֣һЩŮ˼æߴ٣ٵĻ֮Դȫˣұʲôòˡ
Ͷ֡ӺٺһЦҡڵسżյĶѨȥץһѽɫСӣ͵سǶѨȥ


506 Ѫ֮䣡
ѨеļգȫȻ֪İ˵ˣ˿һ֣̿Ѿڵ״ˡ
Ԥƣһƿ֮Դ㹻ڵԪɾԪʵжϲûг⣬һƿ֮Դȫ󣬵ȷںܶʱı塣
֮جج֮£ڵԪ֮Դ£ȷʵʱ䣬仯Һ̬ľԪ
ȻԪȫʧԪɵһ̣ͻ
֪ΪΣŸոγɵľԪȻѪڼ̵ʱڣʮɾԪоųɾűڵѪˡ
ȷе˵ǱѪеһԭ΢ԵϢˡ
ڵѪ֮Уһֱһʥ޵ϢѪ֮Ϊʥ޵ľѪܹӳһЩʥ޲ӵеܹͨǱ֮еõʥҲΪȸѪԵʡ
ԭΪѪ֮Уֻʥ޵ϢΪνԯΪӵ֮Ѫ
ȻڸոգڵԪʱΪԪ֮ŷڵѪ֮УȻ̲һɸΪϢ
һǰӦֱԪɾԪ֮󣬲ֳǳ΢һ˿Ϣ΢û⣬Զˡ
֪һ΢˼Ϣȴ˾κˣ
ľԪ类ιĺ˱ˣڶ̶̼ӵʱڣȫһϢûˡ
֮һԭ΢Ϣ㿪ʼѸٵ׳
һϢѪ֮УչֳԺʥ޾ѪԿ֮ս㱬ˡ
ʥڵĹϢΧһƲո¶ͷǵϢڵѪսڼҵţԵʹࡣ
أһֳϢڵľԪ֮󣬾ȻںʥµϢв·磬ƺѪȨ
ôһ˼ձ㵹˴ùֻܹڵľ޴ѣ֪ȥԴ
һƺȻðϢǿҵųͣƺʥ޵ϢڼյѪ֮УκѪȨ
ƺҪʥ޵Ϣһ֣ʹ
ʥ޵ϢһϢ֮Ҳֳɱ⣬ƺҪһðͷϢĳֺ󻼡
һʼһսעֻһܹȥ
սܵʹ鲼ȫʱǶѨǰȻһը졣
ע֮£һһŮʮ֮ʿͻȻڶѨ֮ǰ鲻Ƶؿ
ʱڵսΪҵʱ̣ոʮɾԪоųɾűðͷѪûˣû˽սƾ̡
Сӣ֮ԴϾȥǰֵʿվڶѨڣЦſ
欵ŮˣһЦС磬ģӦûĹؼʱֻ̣ҪһҪɢˣʵǣ
˫Ǳɱ⣬ͷرһ
Сǰֵ꣬һӰһΣѾڼյվˣ׼ˡ
ǣ
ֻŤȻǰ׹ùȰسԣĴֿ۵յϣ׹õһֻش͸ĺģǰֳ
Ǹ欵Ůһʦһͱ׹ɱǾ֣׼ߡ
׹תͷһֻۿеĹͻȻݳ˲մŮ˵ϡ
һĲҽУŮ̼䱻ճһԻҰɫʬһˡ
׹øһִֻ͸˺ĵİּһеѸҲ̵سżյȥ
ž
ǡɵڼյϣһְֻڼյĽ״
ͻȻһǿҵ˱ӼڵѪ֮бǰδɢľԪȻ޾ˮһ㣬͵رðͷϢյ
ļǰڵľԪѾȻ޴ˡ
ðͷϢͻȻ׳һ֣ȻѹʥѪ֮еҲס侫ѪϢ
һߺȸ׻ϢսţһϢһͬ侫ûã侫ʥµʶױĨȥ侫һϢһ֡
侫֮ȸ׻ḻ̌һϢͬʥڵľѪҲûһ˿һϢȫһðͷϢûˡ
֪˶ãڵѪ֮УֻʣôһϢһϢΪ죬ոоаƽ͵ģѾڵѪѪΨһ
ʥ޵ϢѾʧˡ
մǶ֮㯣֪⾿ôһ¡
ͻȻð𽥵׳ٵʥ޵Ϣȫͬûֻһʱʱ䡣
̶һʱѪֳ֮һϢȻȡʥ޵ϢѪ֮е
˼飡
ЩһϢӦһֱڣֻǴֳƺһֱڵȴȴһĻᣡȴʮ֮Ԫʱ䵽Ԫһ̣
ȵˣ
һ̣ץ˻ᣬһٶ˼ڵľԪڼڴ˲֪ʥ޵ϢѪˡ
֨֨
ͻȻջͷžž죬ڵѪȻһһʼֱۣھҵʹ֮£ԲѪѸţֱ۵Ĺͷͼȴʼ䣡
ǹͷ
壬ԿֱϵĹͷɵ̹⣬һ˿˿ǵâһڹͷϲţƺ˹ͷȫµ
ֱ֮ϵĽͼ쳣ĽѪ֮£ԽԽ׳һ֮ͬģڽҲƺĵâĳ
ֱѪ߶֮£ڷŷ츲صı仯ڲʼ䣬ЩͬѰ
һƬƬɫۼףֱ֮ðһļ̣ðЩҲǰɫۼһ˸ŹĹ󣬸һС
һ֣̿ޱȹı仯ֱΪںⲿı仯ʼԽԽ񱩵š
һֱ̣Կɽѵأֱ̲֮ŵֱҪ̲ס
ȻڵѪƺľˣֱڲı仯ڼЩðĹǴ̺ۼһûƤ֮вˡ
ãڵѪ쳣ֱڲƵĵҲɢˣ߳ͷͽеһˡ
һֶָԭֱǼʵûۼףҲͻļ̣ոշһƺֻǻþ
˫һգԸоһֱֻ̲صҪȫҪǿ౶


507 ٱ䣡
ѪҺӿֳúİѪҺƺ棬巢ĳ־˵ı仯
ѪҺеľֱƺ´ֱ̲˾˵
ƺֱ۵ĴδѪҺеδľֱۻԼıȥ
ΪѪҺѾûڣڵľԪҲȫһգܹΪѪӸֱ۵Ĵ;ͣ͡
Ҳܹоֱ۵ı仯ֱܹ̲֮صĿ
ѪеһϢôһ£ʥǷѾ֪ԼѪ쳣ԼڵľѪŻһоĴڣʼ
ѵʥ֪ԼڳˣһͻƵʮ֮ڵѪᷢ仯ŹÿһԯھŹ֮زۣ
ʥǲΪ֪ʲôŲֻǽ֮ѪԼڣǽʥ޵ľѪһʩԼ֮УĿģΪ˽գΪԼѪ̲صһϢ
һ뷨Ժ֮ӹԽԽɻܾʥƺ֪ʲôŻѪֲԼڡ
ҡҡͷǲ׼ʱ⣬ֽڵľԪָ
ֻҪھԪɣĵˣҲǰۼԪԪһԪǰǰָķžۼԪ
û⣬ҲȷؼԪֻٶȴΪ̫¼ޱȣϸһ£ҲҪǰٶȥûиʮԻָ
Ȼ뵽ȡԪʯ֮еָһ㽫ӴڵһмƷԪʯȡ׼ȡԪʯ֮е
һòа̾Ϣ˵ĲһڵԪʱΪԪЩԪʯƺͲܹˡ
ͻȻ˵Ԫ˵ʮ֮ʿһڵ仯ΪԪֻܹͨԪָҲΪʲôԪʮʿͨлˡ
Ѿϰ˽ٵȻܲʮصľԪָο׼ϵԾԪ̲ѪѪ֮ıԼڣûôʱġ
ڵǸĽ֮أ˼ǲӦõǶȡһЩԪ
ôһ룬üӴ򿪣˼ŸýӴڵʲôƷȡԪ
ǰд½õһЩνϧĲϣûжļֵд½Щʿ˵ϧĲϣϵǿ࿴һۣƺҲֻдǸؾŲ㱦ڵһЩлȡԪļֵ
ӵڰ˲ı϶óȡԪ֪ЩļֵЩڡʥ֮γɵʯǿóȡԪ
վһۿµİֺӣǸſڱ׹ûɱŮˡ
˵ҲһЩԻȡԪء
һձ㲻ʬ˶ʮ֮ÿ˶кͽӴƵƷĴָ˵ָȡʶĽƣǻһЩŽָĽƳơ
Ůָֻһķɽһɳ֮⣬ȭͷСԪӹҲͦ׾ݡ
ֵĺԺһЩʮԪ֮⣬ֽвֵĿʯټһСӣһ塣
ۿһӶʮԪǲż뿪ˣڶѨ֮пʼԪָԼľԪ
ȻԪĿǰʺϣԪеȫ֮ڵľԪָһ롣
ʮԪ˷ʯͷӵһԺڵľԪڻָոĵز
ϣѪ֮еϢھԪָʮ֮ٴðؽڵľԪ˱һա
֮Ѫһδ߶ֱ۽и졣
һθֵָͻȻ쳤ʮ쳤ָǷеС滹˸ڹâһַޱȵĸо
ȻͻȻͻָףһ˲䲻֪Ǻá
ԥһ£Ů˵һɽŪſָܲܽ

Ƿɽָϣָ״ָײûһɽѳһ
ɫһ䣬ָ͵һץɽָ׻Ƿɽķ
죡ָ׾ȻȷɽҪ
ʶ֮£ҫȡˣҫָס
һҫָϣǴ˽ҫȻܹͻȻָס
ûиָ׶ҫԣͻȻðָףҫٵ
һֵı仯ӾȣıԼ仯ֻҪҪָԭֱ۵쳣ϻָָҲƤ֮в·𲻴һ㡣
ھԪٴοտҲòȡʮԪָԼľԪ
һΣʮԪȫĵ֮ڵľԪȻŻָųɣ˼һ£аϲȻʶֽھԪȫĵķΪ洦ƺÿһĵԪ»ָܹľԪһЩ
ɽ֮УϵԪָԪ֮ЩԪѪУѪ֮ıԼֱۡ
һ죬ʮԪȫľˣֻҪһֱ۱ָָ̣ҲͻȻǵ׳絶
ؿǰ׳ָףãԺ֮ͻȻֳһŮ˵ò
ʬˣǸĪŮˣָױļϸƺһԽκ˺ѳɷ顣
⡭ľôһ£૵һֱһλָԭһҲ쳣ˡ
ʮ龧ʯȫľϵԪ͸Ѫȴͳ쳣ı仯
ظӦֱ̲ž֮ȴΪֱ۵ı仯֪ı仯ôһ£Ҳ֪ԼӦӦüȥ
ѵΪԼֱ۷䣿
˼⣬ֻܹʱı仯ƵϣҰԺԲܹҲ˼ҪҪı仯
ھԪֻɣҪӵһЩԪУһ½Ӵ׼Ȱԭƻȥǽ֮ػȡһЩԪ˵
ʰһ£׹֮ڣȻôץУŴʯ֮зɳǽ֮طȥ
һ뿪ʯϷԼķٶȴӿˣȻֻɵľԪȴȵʮԪڵʱٶȻҪɵľԪƶ֮£ٶȵ籼ס
ֱһ̣׾ԪԪȻֻһ֮ȴ蹵֮


508 ·
ܿһĽ֮أԶԶȥ㷢ǶӰĸ־ۼһƷϵĽס
дҪнףҪȸһľǿԪֻл׿ϣſѰطԼƷ
֮أɼľĸֿģΪ˷ֹڽ֮ҲΪ˱һЩƷߵİȫ
Ȼľָ˾ȻҲҪлȡһЩˡ
ΪһԪûУ֮£ҵǸľĸҮպֻܹ¶Ѻ
Үһľĸ֣Ҳֻʮ΢֮ΪƤɰͰ͵ģƤһҵ˵ͼ󣬼ȡһʯݸҮյѺ֮
Үõһʯֻǿۣ۾һ˵ͷʯôһֵһٿԪˣȥɣԪԵһһʯˡ
ﵹûʲôرĹأ֮Ϊ˻ӣҲҪʲôݣֻҪԪĽˡ
һʯѹҮѰһطЩ԰ֺӺŮ˵ķɽɳӡ塢鲻֪ʯͷһǰĿ
ڰ׹µȻҲʮ֮ȴ£еĶҲЩֵǮ⣬Ƿɽָһķѣҫ磬üպǲм
⼸ҲûһãȡһЩԪˡ
ĬȻһ½м˹˼۱㶼ͷ뿪ƺҪ۵ĶȤ֤ʵ˼յĲ²⣬ЩȻǲֵǮ
ֵһ۵Ķʽ򣬼нЩԥһ£ӽӴȡһʯ̯λǰ
ʯȻһһʯŸոհȥʱһʼˡ
һͨͨŮˣʮͣҲʮ֮֮˫ֱֱ䵽һʯ棬ԥһӣʼۣһʯ
ۣͷ
ȡʲô
ֻԪ
Ů΢һ۾һ˿ϲɫʣȡٿԪ
һٿ顣ʹҮǶ֪˼۸񣬺ԥش
Ůͷƺü۸ǺһȡһٿԪݸ˼գϲ̵ؽһʯߡ
һٿԪ֣ճһ£ٴȡһʯ
Ӵԭʮʯһ飬ѺҮһ飬ոȥһ飬ʣʮ飬ˡʥ𡱵Ҫʯʲô׼һ
ܿأóһʯֱһٿԪļ۸۳ȥˣʯƺ֡
һֹʯˣƺѾԶȥ֮ȡһ
֮һ˹ͬļ۸ʯȡʯ۵ӴѾٿԪˡ
йһ£ٿԪܻǷȱһЩԽһԸһ飬ԥһ£һٴȡʯ㽫ʯһȥϾʹ뿪
һݺӣʯų֮ͻȻǰͷǰ¿һۡ
ٿԪҲ룬ֻҲҪԪģںһ䡣
ĺӣüͷһ壬СӺҲǶôĶֵٿԪ
һ㶣Цԭ㿴е°˵۰ɣֻҪʱȥˡ
СӺôãʽ򣬿ɼ¶Ȼϡ֮ǰҲ̽ͬûʲôϡ棬Żóۡ
ʮԪɣʯ֮⣬ǼˡĺӣһָɳǷɽʯͷ䲻ȵ˵
ն˼ۣǼһ£ڿ϶⼸쳣֮󣬲ŵ˵ͷԡ
˵Ҳɴ࣬˵ʮԪȡˬص˹һ㽫ʮԪˡ
ߺ󲻶ãһ˹ٿԪļ۸нʯȥˡ
ôһһӶʮԪйһ£òˣҵҮգԪȡ˵ѺһʯʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ӽ֮һ뿪ٶȻӿ죬֮ǰѩȥĵٶԪǹһˡ
еһɽȵϷͻȻ裬Ȼüͷǰơ
Ѷ֪кָ̣ƣʵ
ʮԪнЩ﻽ȥĺӣ䲻֮ðӣ֮⣬һľˣһˡ
ǸˣȻٿԪʯȥļһǱ֮УƵ·˽ƣ͵Ͷˡ
ǰ쳣ûһͷײ˽ȥ
ĺӳԺǼڽ֮⣬ѣɱʦʦãǵ£ܸиɣʦʦ뿪֮ǰ˵ҵһʯıأҲ֪˰ɣ
ʦʦãĶһ֪˵˭ˣ˵ʦʦѰһʯıأЩ֪ˣȻҪ̰еʯѰôһ©ٳĽ
֮ΣļһʦʦðЦЦ˳ԪʱͻȻҶ׼е֮ԴǱ
ɱʦʦãҪĺҲֱ棬ٺЦ
֪һģ֪һ˲ӦҲ£кôܹ׼Լᾭ
ٿԪУһСʯͷȥһǺѷֵģ㼱뿪ûϸ飬֪ˡ˵̹ȻҲ֪Ӳؽַ˵
յ˵ͷڽӴһȦ㽫һ쳣Ԫȡ˳һ˿ָðݳԪڻһСĳҲֱˡ
ǰѶҲˡҲ⣬ĺӵ˵ͷҦ壬㲼ýƣҺп˶ɱ
Ҧٺٵͷû⡣
һ仰Ҧ㲻سֻ֣һ͵һ䣬ʼѸٳķ죬ҵͷż֮Уе֮ƺҪס
ˣп˵ľˣһҦ嶯֣㲻ٳɵ˹׼пֽˡ
ЩССսǧٴΣһľˣ˶֣ɫƽֻȽȡҡһ£˰׹ó


509 
Ҧ壬пˣˣʮ΢֮ľ塢һǾʿֻ֮ľĳЩóһЩ츳ͨ
Ʃľ壬֮ʱľܹѸͻ磬ľͨһľ±չ٣ٵʱ佫ľӳ
ĵֻۣԿһЩþħϣǵ츳ͨԱġ
һ˵ͬһ£塢ľʿҪʿһЩΪ츳֮ǵʵ
Ҧ塢п˺ĸ֣Ȼ΢ܹ֮֮ӵʵп˺һˣԶһ΢֮ʮʿռݾϷ磬˺ټҦ壬Ըһգʤľ档
Ҧ岼½ǺƱѹתƽ֮ԽԽǿ
Ǻ֮£ջֽŽͷƵӰ죬Եţܹӳ
İ׹ã˿ͷƽ֮Ӱ죬ۿеĹһðݳǰ׹õٿͷųھĵһа֮Ϣ
˺ľпˣǰԶ󣬶ǰ׹ϵаϢһĸӦҪ໹Ҫһǰ׹ñһĹǣ䲻ħŵĸо
վǶɫ侲ļգûб˷
Ҧ壬֮ȫʩӵһõϣˣҦͻȻͺһ
ҦЩ죬йôһֳɣƺΪˣϸıеĽ֮˵˵֮ȫʩڰ׹õϡ
ɭһһ֮зݳ紵ݣ׹á
׹ڼյǰһƺֻ֪һǰ׹õԱһСȵЩļΪһ壬һֱʮ׵Ĵ׹ó롣
˿˿ϢǴɢ׹类ǧֻСץţ𽥵س룬׹ûҪס
˺ľпˣһ׹óУһȥǰ׹ãŽĿ䵽յϡ
ҲУ㲻ҪԹǡһ̾п˵˵ͷ
п˻⣬һɫңңżȥ
Ǵɫ֮˸ں⣬ʼֻһ׳ҪＧǰʱͻȻʮ׳ʮ
ȻŤΪԵĳߣȻ˲ס壬ʮ׳ͷųľ֮УѸԸٶӳֲ档
ֻһգ۹򣬼ձǱپסˣһ¶⣬ֽŶѿˡ
˿˿ľƲɢƺѸţԽԽϴҪ
пһмļЦʮ֮ھԪƶ֮һ
Ҫľɲ⣬ȻҲûô׶ԸȻһЦݲȵ򼧳ա
ʱļѾûл֮ˣԵôĺϾ
ֻ¶һļգǰƽȻס˲ۿп˺ĸֹȻµʵλǲŹң
Ҳû취顣ʼ磬һǸ⣺ʣʵô΢ǲɱ㣬Ҳб֣˱ˣ縻ǣģӴڵʯķϣһȫʬ
ľп˲ֻͬĵ˵ͷƺ˺ʴȡ
վôˣһ̾ұɱˣңҳֺˡ

ǲȫϣͻȻðļ̣Ǽ̷ޱȣȻ˲䴩͸
ɭ׵ĹǴ̣ϻһӣһ˲䱻նϣֻһٸ䡣
ǰļգֱۼܲۼ׵ķ϶֮ðһɭ׵ĹǴ̡
ϣ
гʣʮָָױͻָҫ˵ĺ⣬һֱѪĸо
㣬ǣˣɫһ䣬ƺʲô
һζƣҲòһһЦЦ˵ɭȻᣬ˫۵ħ١
նϵʱľп˱䲻³һѪ·޵꾫ѪҲӣܴ
ĸ־𣬼ձȰسľпԣпδӦһ˫ֱѾп˵ؿȥ
пȻһͻȻӿɫľ̼䣬п˵ͱϹһ㣬ľƬȫնŹ
ľе츳ľڶʱ佫Լ仯γƤһļǹ룬ˮ֡
Ȼһľľ˵ķȻٱˣٶȴ½ľֻܹΪãǿʱǵٶȡ
һ˵ľһľζ֪ǿЧˣŻ᲻òľôֻΪ˱ȫԼ
ľľ֮պգ츳ͨͬȾĸֶԾ֮£ľһľûϮĻȫֻЩ˰ˡ
ˣ׼ְп˵ֵһڵʯľˣɫһɣ׼ıսȥпˣ׼ֹա
꣡
죬ľпؿڴп͵һ¶һ˫ֳȿ־֮⡣
ǣ
п˵ڴĳֻ˸֣߳п˳־ȴûͫлҰɫɫֳ
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ã
аһľľ֮ʶʶʩпϵѾľܹܵļˣζżյͬȾʿԳܵġ
룬˼ձȻûһ
ڴʱһ˿ĲɭȻаȻıӿ֣Ӧñһۣ֮е֮һ˲ߡ
عͷֻĹǰεƮ˼ףǰ׹òֳ
ԶҦ˼ָͷСѪûľڴ룬Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥġ
ߡһ֣㽫ǰ׹ԶһɽɵһۣѸԶȥ


510 ¶
뿪ӣһɽѸðһˣȫľ壬Ϊһ˺Ȼǽ֮صҮա
Үչɻ󣬾ֱߵľп˵ԣؿһ£ȫϣпľ֮ɱġ
ôܣһݵľɫһ䣬һزţһľ֮ʮͬȾĸ֣˲ǵģ
³ǲҵж𣿡Үջͷ䲻ȵؿһۡ
ҡ³ҡͷֻǾСûʵֻ΢֮Ϊôɱľ֮пˣ̫ϳˡ
ӦûûнҮ˺ߣСǸӲ磬ôʱɱͬȾʿҲǿ°
ҮգǲǷ³ԥһ£Ȱ˵˽Ҫ鷳ҪЩǲˡ
ߣҮм³㵨ԽԽСˣֻһ΢֮ʿǿܹǿʲôط˺ľ֮ľ󡯣֮ʿɱξһ΢֮ʿ
Үôһ˵ͷ
³Цɴ˵ˣǲ׼ľ󡯣ⱻ֪Ǵ˵˰
һܻ𣿡ҮЦһ֣ɴö˵ˣСп϶ֹһʯֻҪǽеʯȫȡˣֻάǣ˵˼ұ
³Ѿи˼䣬ȴûбʾ
ѣҮ䣬Сӿ϶ڸɽ֮һҪҳ

ѩ嶴ѨС
ԺʯѨסҡǰ׹÷˳ŷȡʮԪ
ûмŻָԪǶŰ׹ÿһͰ׹ۿеĹӣ˼Ű׹õжǿ
Ҧˣڰ׹õĺɱ֮£ûлֵأٿһ֣㱻ɾնɱˣֻгһȼʿſôɴ
׹úɱ˵ʱһûǿĸо׹õʵȻɲ⣬Ȼô䡣
ʶſһȴڰ׹õûκε׹øһû꣬ĹʬȴƫƫĹܹ׼ȷذ¡
⼫䷴죬ȴɡ
ʶڰ׹õתһһֻܹεط˼ŻԼ粻ȵԺ󾳽ˣȥܰ׹ϵ쳣
ڽԪģһǱ仯ֱ֮۱ֹǴɭɭ͸˵ķâ
ոһսû̫Ԫֱֻ̲֮صĿֲ㽫ľľ֮п˺ɱľľ֮츳ͨЩ˽ʶûб仯ģǾԪӯ۷壬Ҳܹľ֮п˸ɵ
Ȼ˫۱仯֮ھԪƶȴľ֮пһĺɱ˫۴ĿֲȻĶ
ģªһ㣬һ仯ˣӿֳȴʵʵڵģ
һµʧԭе˼룬Ԫȫһ
ԥʼȡԪͼٶԪױ仯һ뿴ȫ仯֮һ֮󣬻Ϊεȿֲǿģ
ʱϢţԪһļ٣ҲһطŹı仯

һ죬ڰѩɽ廷еһɽУȻðˡ
ǺȻǻСüͷڻѩϥǵɽߣ۾ĬĬظһȻǡʥһֺ󣬱ûмɢϢҸҿ϶ڸһѩС
͡ʥ𡯵鹵ͨδҪȻǻҲˡСһ̾Цйڡʥ𡯵ĲٿطҸģҵԸˡ
ߣСǵһУҾԲŹҧгݣɭȻɱ⡣
СһΪƳһۣǻʮʱ䣬ڽȥŸոս꺣֮еĽƽ㲻᲻԰ɣ
ɫһ䣬㶼˵ˣͨĸӦòҪҲˡ
Ҫ֪ͨĸȥ˻Щ˵鷳ðգһϵİ̺䶯һ£ɫСӵˡʥ𡯣ִӵڰ˲ϵ˼ʵ϶ˣʮˣ϶ǰǸĽɫˡ
ôһ˵ǰޣɭСЩԭǵģ
֮˭ˣ˭ģСһ䣬˵ãҪҰһǲſԶ鲻ɣǲ׼ɱ
֪ˡ鲻Ը
߰ɣȽҳɣˣʲô㶼áЩɴ˵һ䣬ȳһɽȥ

ԶĽ֮ڣ˼һʯ꣬һİ׷ҵҮա
Ү֮󣬱ֱӿżɽ˵ҮգǵķƴϣǴҪһЩ顣
ҮһȻվİ׷߹ĵЦҼҴ˳˼ң˵Ϊļ֮һ֪ʲô⣬ֻҪ֪ģȻ֪޲޲
ƴϾ壬ɫȴΪûмСӣ
һָֻյձ˿˿ˮвһ㣬ֻһƽĲ֮бֳһҮյҪְȴûҵļա
ڶʮǰɣ֮أʯȡٶԪ֮뿪ҲûгֹҮչػش𣬽пҪἧʯȥ
ʮǰüͷ૵ʱ˵˵Ҳ̣Ҳ֪ڲ֮ˡ
ϣϴҼʱδھԪðȻǺọ́ûоԪγɵ֮£ա꣬ʱسԽһ䡣
۾һͷھԪδɣǺó̽һЩ鷳Ӧû֮أڸҲ˵
ô˵ţߵΧȻѯҮռ⣬ѯʸһΪ˼ϡ١
ҮõĴ߲֮ŶҮյЩҪ˲֪һ˿ķϣҾͷһԺʲô²ɾĻߣҾ飡
Үһô˵ֳ֮ʱץ꣬ӰȻʧ


511 
һԪΪ˻Ұɫʯͷûһ˿йЩʧȥʯͷ߰ɽĸʯͷ϶ѻ˻ҳҲ֪ö೤ʱˡ
һ߰׹ɵɵվǶͬǱҳȾɻɫ粻յľӨɭףĸо
ۿеĹҲôʱϨ͵ƣûһ
ɽеˣɮһһ˿ȥˡ
ֻеԪڻ仯ţ˿˿ƾҺ·ڣһ֡
ֱϣϥǴϣˣһɭ׹ǴĳޣһּΣյĸо
Ҳ֪˶ãüͷһ˫ۣЩãؿǰ
׹Ǵ͵Ĺ𣬺Ȼһ£šǡ죬ǰ׹ûŹǽڣӲڹͷŤ£Ȼһ鶯Ĵ
ڵġʥ𡱣˳ֱζڼָⶥ˾ۼһ磬ƣͷųİԵϢ
ףһڴӵվһӣصʯɢ
ͻȻӶ洫һͺȣòЩϤ

һȻֳͫһǾû뵽Ȼˡ
ֻһʶǸǳϵǽˣǳϵĸӦöѾ뿪ˣζСҲ̫Զ
СӣԼɣǶ֣Ȼɭ㴫˳̲ԵɱԹŭ
ֻһԥձʶҪ֮ʿƤӵݲ̫ʵȡҡһ£Ӧһ䣺ͳˡ
Ȼ棡ٺЦ
Ȼü˼һ£仯һǴ˲ԺǡʥðݳһƻҲָû
һȷԼû״ƿסʯʯţв˳վǰ
Ȼ֮ԴԪˣȻֻʮ֮Сޱ飬䵭
¶ȵ̰૵ܺã㻹ţʥϡ
Сӣӵڰ˲ıȡ
壡һöڼյǰ׹䲻ðӯǰĹתһ£͵ضס
һͻȻеⲻǵڰ˲𣿡
С˺һۣɫͽȻƺ׹Щǣһ֮׹õѲһҪѿжѿ
֪ǵ⣬ȴ־ܡֳƽ֪Ǽǵ˶ҲŹңˣһˡ
СӣΪܹٿһ߰׹ãͿʤˣһ֮侲ĺ˼֣ͻСվȻ׼˺ˡ
ıּȫﵹЩԾһֱ׹õʵΣԭ׹𲻵ʲôãϾԷ֮ʿ
Ȼǰ׹óֳ֮˼ɵ飬˺˼ֵĶʶ׹ö֮ʿһвϸ۲һ£ǻС֮飬ӿ϶²⡣
ܹԡվĴ󶨣ٺЦȫȻûһ˿⡣
Сӿŭǰ׹õȥȴʼղҳ֣Ȼǵǰ׹öһ˹
Сڰ׹ó֮ɫΪѿƺûϵд˱ʣ֮ǰĴһӱ˸ˣʼ˼ķ
ҿɱҡպȻޱȵĴݣһǰ׹ƶ˻С˶棬Ĺֱضˡ
һɵʱ򣬼ٴЦұǲ׹ãһɱңŲţ
ɫ粻޺޵ؿСӣкƾ̣ѵڡʥ𡯵ƿˣ
ҡҡͷղÿɷЦҲáʥ𡯣һɱңŲţ
Ҳţߡ
ͻȻٽʲôϾСô˵ҪΪУǱ㶯ԿҸұ֤ǶȻڡ
Сӣƾʲôôȵ
ǻСˣƺԵùأɻһΪʲôļջôǿӲڰ²⼧յƾʲôҺǶԳ֡
Ҳɱ㣬ֻҪһæڳͣѾһˡСһȻͻֿһξ룬Įǡʥ𡯵ƿطǶֻҪҴǼ£к񱨣Σ
Сʲô˼ɫһ䡣
ڼӵ˰׹֮ûаܹסգСͻȻı̬ȣʤһٴμˣȻΪŭ
ǸСʼ磬ȻҪܹɱ֮ǰԼһҿƺЩ̫ˡ
˻һɫѿˡ
ֻҪǸæһ̵ܹô˵˵Եõ͡ʥһϡ𣬿һ°ɡСȰ˵
𻰣ݺݵؿżգ֪Щʲô˼
дΪʱǰ׹ȴĵԣȻǷͻȻֵġ
ڻԥʱͻȻǰһѩ֮͵ðһư׹⣬ǰ׹糤磬ص˵ͷ
Ǹ˱ˣһͷϵİ֮УһСеľ
ֻһһһС˱䶨ˣ˹֮Ŀȫ䵽յϣҲûСˡ
ѩ򣿡üͷ˲Щʵ
ף㣿տһһתʶʲô㿴ߣѩǡĸף
ͷæʵѩʲôط
ʲôˣ̸˴̲סһ䡣
죡ߵͺһ͵ת˭ҹԶһ㣬Ҫҵ飡
֮߳󣬾ԵЩִٲҪͻƵ֮ԼԲϵϢ纣һ޾оΣա
һȻҪ˵ЩʲôСͻȻֹߣ
һСۣƺʶʲôͻȻͷһԲ׼롣
ѩʲôطǲ̫ҡͷߴʧ֮ǰͻȻһָСһˣǿ϶֪˾ǴǶ뿪ģţˣǽϼһﻹҪɱѩǻܹһЩõĽ顣
ŶüͷһϱŤͷ׼Ƕվסɣ


512 
ʶ׼ôһߺȣһûͣߵٶȷһ㡣
С˱죬ڼսʱ˱мʮԶˡ
ķƴһһȣһХ˲Сˡ
Хȥ磬γ˷ǳϣ϶ǰ
ڷ֮ͨҲ츳ͨǼΪó÷÷֮ǵٶȼӿ죬÷֮γĹ
أ
ˣһͷײǷ֮ϣȫΪǱһڣһ׹ȥ
ûн֮ǰһ׼ߣЦԣӸµؿҪɱŮ
ҸʶŮæҡͷ
ƽĿ˼ա
˶£ǲǵǵŮ˰ɣЦЦаһ㲻Ҫаһɱ𣿵Ȼ;СֹˣҪȻѩѾûˡ
СһۣɫЩÿС˸ƣʾߴ֮Ϊ˵ͷ˸֪Щʲô˼
ŮһЦͣǸطֻΪ棬Ҳûж֣ǰȻ
ȻһЦһǶǰķ֮ϣͻȻΪһĵط絶žһӴ
ĲҽУ϶һ˿ڣЩ˿ɼǣȻᡣ
ֻһССĽѵʡԺ󲻿ۡƳֵ˵ɣŮˣʲôط
Ҳ֪ӦûǸǳϰɣȻҲпԶˣĲ֪æ
֪ƺٺЦ֪Ҳ޷һ˰ɣҵҪȥǶҪҵҲˣҪҲߣ
ǲǿˣСŷƣ͵ǶŮûʲôƵľٶ෴Ҫǰæ˵ϼ䣬ŮѾɱˣ޹أץһȥǶˡ
֪˵Ǽ٣ҡͷģҲһˣ˭׼뿪
أտЦ
Ҳһ
ͷҲ̫˰ɣһҪҰѩڵʱ򣬱㱻ˣΪףҪЩɣ
СӣҪ֮ǰң˵㣬һԪ㲻ȻйҲѩ֮ǰ˵ʲôҶţҵѩֻҪ֤ʵ˵ʵȻб𡣡
ҲҪı뷵Ǹطŭò򣬲׼̱̽̽漵Ϣ̱ˣûôʱ˷ѡ
ٺ٣ǿɲ㣡
ȥסճĬһ£ͻȻһָƣǰ׹кһ
ԭһİ׹ãͻȻһͷǷƴײȥɭ׵³˵Ƿƴϵǰ
ףƴһƺûϵջҷһ£˷γ˷֮ϣ˶档
Сһϳһ֮ϵλóȥǰ׹Ƶʱ򣬻ɫ֣ڵĻ֮Ӳֱӽһ֮ϸճһӣС˳ȥ
Ҳһ֮ϴһֱָֻױͻһףâ絶ָǷ֮һ壬ܹķ֮ϣ籡ֽһ˺ˣҲɳȥ
ȥ׷׹ķƣԵһۡ
ͼй׵꣬ԥһ£ŻСķ׷ȥ
ģƼ׷˻Сˣ֮Ϊȥô
ôһĵ󣬼պͻСѲټ
ӣϧһͷײǷ֮֮ϣȴ͵ط˻ȻҲδܳȥ

Ƿ֮ϺѰһλãֱǰȥֻҪǲԶһ㡣
ȻŷгͻȻһľˣһһСΧסɱ
£֪ͷһȴȻļˣľǽ֮صļΣҮպͿ³С
һһСΧɱߣȻǰ
һڶԴħ֮ʱʩչϤǺͼγһⶴǰʯǧ١һȫĪĹⶴ֮ʧǶ֮Ҳûмһˡ
ĿУһ˼δҲŪ˲֪֮ˣϵȻܹ֮ټˡ
¸꣬һʮʿֻδԪɹھŹ֮һѨȴѼɹˡ
ǰʵ綼˴ͻƣǰͻƿﵽʮ֮
˻̫ǵΪԺķϧȴϣǲܹĺǳΪ˱˵
ҮպͿ³ľˣʮ֮ΪҾԪȫɹ˽ΧסûĻһ
һԥ뵽ħ֮д½ʱ򣬰ĳ֣뵽˵ĹϵվԮְһ¡
δ϶֣ҡеǰ׹ÿٻ
֪׹ܷǷƳϣֻǰ׹ò򵥣ô򵥱ʰ
壡
һʱһ׹ⳤһ˲䶨ǰ׹á
ǷƴϵˣˣüպǾϲĵ׹ùȻ
ʲôˣľ˵ע⣬ǿ³̧ͷһ͵غȵ
׹ûˣд󶨣ȴ֪ƻ᲻׷æ·ȥûд³ĻǶǰеþòˡ
Ѷ˺ۣɫҲΪǱİ̧ͷһؽеգ
ҲЩĿɿڴЩʧؿʵô
ҮգǶûд𻰣üҮգѵǽ֮ûн㹻Ԫ
ҮЩΣҪǷָҪҼգ˵϶ָɵգڼպͷ֮ĹϵԲҶ֣ڼյ֮£һʱҲڡ
ҪûµĻˡճŰ˸ɫȻҮգҪƣôɱɱɲ̫á
ǸҮԥţ˸
ڴʱС֪ʲôطðˣٿһ֣еߣϼһں棡
ɫһ䣬ֱӶ԰ߣ
׼ߣҮʶպͷƵĹϵƣϷֹ


513 ˣ
ߣС˼УͷһҪˣ
ҮոӼŷƺͼûʲôϵˣ¼ֺ÷Ƶ˼Үճſ³˵˵ͷ֣
³ҲҮյʾ֮£ϰзλվ˲佫һΧ롣
Ǽ䣬ӿ³Үľ˵ϣŨ֮ľ
ľҪعעص֮£ֻһ״ֲۿɼٶȣһһӵص
Щֲﶼ״ֻһ˲ǵأһ鷽λضס档
ҮաҮһľˣʧȥټϸȥĻᷢŻֲ
һ˲䣬һֲֵأЩֲ·۾׷׳żաСƹûǷӦЩֲ㽫ȫסʹǻٸˡ
洫Үյһнкȣֻص֮еľӵŨЩ֦ҶһƹȻܲ͸硣
С֮ǱЩٸסԺҲԵţ˶ϵͷųˣڻ桢ϢϮ£һЩգЩס
ȻȴиٸϣٴӿС˵ֽŸţʼ˿˿ľ͸˵֮УӰھԪĻ
̶̼ļľ˵ġľ֮£һ˱ȫסˡ
ʵΪСЩٵĲ֮£ѾϢˡ
ľľһΪ󷨣˺ʩչԽһĵסľ˵㹻ȫнһߵȾǿĿԡ
СһŭɫҲǰڲϵش߷ڵҪ⡰ľѳȻŬǻͼֲϮ涯á
˺֮ͻȻһ
ֻǱİ׹ãͻȻ˽ȥ׹ǰ׹ɭɭֱۣ֮пͻͽͻȻҵһپۼֲȥһ˺
ĲҽͻȻεֲϴֲﱻ˺Ѻֳһľ˵
ڼյʾ֮£׹ûһʴ֮ģ׹ǲľ˵ؿڣ͵Ȼ
ƺһûϢǡľҲ̼䱻Ƶ
ٲ޾ڻС˵ĺ֮£ԽԽʧס磬ԽԽ١
ߣҮʶ˲ڡľȥ֪ҪӦ֮ĸֱ֣Ѱ·
ҮպͿ³˼Ŀ죬ûгʧ֮ǰǰһ˳ȥ
һֱŭСͻϣڻͺϢϮ֮£ǱСĺ˹ֻлĻһ˵˲ڻգ۳Ѫˮ
ߣһ
ղٷϻǰ׹÷һѶֻǰ׹͵ץסʵֱǰ󺣶ȥ
ճŰʾһ£˹ȥ

һӺ󣬷ơҮա³һ
Үյͷһ¶Թ飬޺ȻˣƴϣǼһﵽʲôݣ
ɫƽʵǼʲôݣ
Ҳ֪ҡͷæСҵ֪Сȴ֪ҪȥǵطҿԴȥҪ֤ɱҡ
ֻǰ׹ãΪʲôһûôƺȵ
ٴҡͷĲ֪ǰ׹ҽҲǵڶμǾŲ㱦е˭ƵģҲ
Ų㱦һ㶣ƺͻȻʲô˵ڵǸǳоŲ㱦ڣ
ѽǾŲ㱦ǳ£ΪĴڣǳһֱĳסκ˶ܹǳ֮뿪ֱСӴнȡӰǸǳʧƺԹ˿ͷʵʵؽڱеľ˵һ顣
ʲô;Ǿһ˵ԶžҲھŲ㱦֮У
æͷ
ɫ粻ƺʲôµ飬˵ͷĿӦһȻȥشҪ峤顣
գһץסһץ꣬һɳ죬һ㲻ټ
һȥ֮󣬿³ҲǾݣ૵Ų㱦ƺƺ
Ҳ֪ǾŲ㱦Үһæʵ
³˵ͷϴȥˣ˺һڵĳϽƺʲôŲ㱦ֻһ䣬֪
ǱˣҮճһ£ϵ˵Ϣ˱㲻ˣҪȻһ׷顣
ðɡ³Ҳͬˡ

һʱһ˳һïޱȵɭ֮УһɽУͣӦò׷˰ɣҪȻϼһ͹ˡ
СˣҲͣһƣ
ԣ֮󣬲ŷȻ򼧳գʱףҲͻƵʮ֮ˣ
СӲͻƵʮ֮ڵľԪҲˣΪС˵һ䣬˼ɵĿһڼԵİ׹ãͷĳϣ֮ΪǸǵļһܹѣˡ
֪ΪΣûһֱ׷ҪȻһѡҡҡͷһ£Լ˵ô죿
ʲôô죿һ㶡
ͷ˵㣬㻹׼֮شţһ£ֵ뿪֮ͨĸˣָҪ㣬鵢˲û֮أҪǼ֮أͨĸȻܹҵ㡣
ͨĸɻҡͷҲʶ˵˭
һΪֲı̬СɫأǸǳϵľ˵һ顣
˵ʬʱ򣬼Ѿ֪˵˭ˣпЦ૵ʲô
Ҳ֪СͨĸΪǿļ֮һ˶ĸ֣Щû֪ΪηҪ㣬ʲôϵ
ҡͷȴǸ棬ͻȻһѵԼ쳣ʲôϵ
϶ʲô¡ߺߣͻȻݺݵСӣȥһطҪȻǺûûˣ
㲻ܼ֮ˣǹȥҲ㣬Сջ
գˣԹ˽Ҳ̲סʵ


514 ˷Ѷ
ˣɫȻ
һ֮Ҳżգд½ûСûʲô鷳УһڻǱĻ𣿡
Ȼһ£⻹ڱһֱڱչ뿪֮ǰδͻƵŹ֮ʧ֮һӣһ壬ҲѾǱİˡ
д½ʱ¸˳ңΪԯȵĸԤƽϢҪ˴һ壬ΪĹϵһΪչˣһ֮Σ
ΪһʧƣԿ˸һΣӴ֮һֱޣϣܹͻƵŹ֮ȡ׺͸һԸǡ
ԯ۰֮󣬲֪ԭԶ˺֮Ĺϵһֱڱչؿޣԯ
ΪһЩԭҲûȥ⣬ͬһ½ȴƺĳ谭ˣ뿪д½֮ǰûм⡣
ˡһ̾
ҡҡͷЦұ֪һҲˣؽңֻҪһ廹ڣҲͷˣϣһҲܹʮ֮һҲܹžۡ
ҲԷд½յ
̸װƺĶ࿲д½ʮܹ֪˶ڻȥ˵·;֮бˣû֮Ϊûаܹطд½
ƺԸ̸Щ̾Ϣһ󣬱û뵽ܹͻƵʮ֮Сӣȹ
ʯǧأüͷ
˭֪ءǹⶴ֮г֮ұҲûмûкߵһ飬˵ڻĳ֪ǳ֮ǻˣȻΪߣҲпͻƵʮ֮ܲܵ򣬱˵ˡ
ҲЩ꣬һ£ŵԺʲô㣿
ô꣬⹫壻ָ֮԰ĳѾ࣬ϣҲ²ˡ
㣿ҡҡͷһһˣ˭֪ء
ܹҲĪԵ֣һƿ֮Դȥɣұһˣ֪ټĻã͸ɡճһ£֮Դݸ˰һƿ֮ԴԪ
۾һԵЩһƿ֮ԴãŵΪܹõһƿ֮ԴЩҲʹֶˣû뵽û뵽
ӰЩӲù
ڡղٶ˵ʲôͷԻС˵߰ɣġ
֮ȥ뿪ΣС
Ѱطе㡣һ۰ڸŻСȥ
û뵽ܹôʮ֮ҽڵľԪ֮Ÿп
ѽҲ겻ѣ뵱ȥʱ򣬻ֻа֮Ϊʮ꣬Ѿˣʶ֮ǿߣԺҪǳԵÿ
һգҪĬһͻȻߵ
ЦЦû˵

ʲôһɽ֮ϣСؿ
ǰӦþģţȽ˽⣬֪֪̼ңճһ£Ȼʵ
̼ңüͷϸһҡҡͷ͵˵û
˵̼ʲô֮СͻȻֳһ֮⡣
̼ķЩơһ£̫½и̼ң̫˴ǿ֮һЩ̼߳ʮʿ֮󶼻ᵽ̼ңǾ޵壬Ҳˮһ飬ñ֮
Сеľ֮ʢˣŹ֮ؿ
ôվСĿΪ֣̲סʵ
ұ̣ԭ̺Сһ۾ƺ˼ʲôһ½ҺطӦ̼ڱٸǵһǰ̼Ǻ½һ顮Ҳ֪һ顮û
㣬㣿һָС૵㣬̼ˣ
ڲˡСҡͷɫһ䣬ߵұ̼ˣڱ˽С̺
̼ң̼ܳ𣿡ɻ󣬿Сô̼ңѵҹªţ
ûǵмңСƲ
ǵмңһмҵȻ˵мұǿ߳ǿһʿôмҺ̼ʲôϵ
мұ̼ңСߵ
ôһ£ֲˡ
СüƺⷽĹϵؿżգ̼ʲôҪԸ̼ңҵǿ԰㣬ƺûǸʵ
̼Ҹǣǲһ̼̥ͨǣ̼ʿ֪ٵһ챦ͻȻ
㵹֪Ĳ١С˵ͷԥһ£ŽͣûȷЧˣһ顮һ̼ҵӤںϣΪӤһֻ֣ҪӤʿ֮٣ûƿͻƵʮ֮ǡָǵ̼ңΪ̼ҵıū
ūʲôһֲĸо
˵ĹˣҪЩܣҽˣȻ㡣
ٸһ£Ϊ˱ūǺ»ǻ£
־֪ʲôˡС
ͻȻĬˣ죬ŵҶûȤұȥǣ
ģΪ˱ūȻǻ£һʼʲô⣬ūᰲȻСƺ֪ЩʲôߺߵȥҲûãʵʵȥɣУȥĵطҲԶֻҪңҶ̼ҵ˽⣬ֻҪİ㣬˵ԽһūΪŪء
Ե棿һ
ֻҪҽˣҶȻ㣡СһȻر֤
ǺãҰʲô飬ҴӦˣ
ܺã뿪֮أϵ
㲻Ҫʣֻܸűǣȵ˵طһӦôۼҪ⣬Сһֹˡ
Σֻܹ죬ȻŻСˣѰһΣСգֱϷȥ
ʱ飬һ˳֮أڻ֮һڽããǺ֮С


515 Ǻ֮
⻹ͻƵʮ֮󣬵һ̤ããǺУһǺϸо̤ӵĸо֮ط۵糸ٶٻ
˿˿ƵǺ֮ƺҪסһЩĹâ֮ϣʹ쳣ֽŶʼľ
ããǺУŸָʮ֮ʿǺҪЩĿ顣
нٶȼΪٻֽЩĳ£ƺѾ𽥲ˡ
ֻôһ飬ʹ
ǰڵľԪγйָȫԴ谭ЩϮԺһЩ
УСԱߣɫһνǺҪЩĿ飬Ǻ֮óʱ̫·;Ҳ̫Զ㲻ܹ̾Ԫˣһ㾫Ԫľ粽ˣ;ʲôĻˣֻ·һˣ
Ҫΰ죿Ȼ
֣ǺеЩӦһЩֻܹǺһֱȥ㲻Ҫ̫ģʮ֮ʿڳˣһ㲻ᱻǺ֮壬ֻҪҵϣǺ֮Ĺɣ㲻ԲõЩĳٶȼӿٱ֮ǵʱҪٵĶࡣ
մһ䣬㲻ԥǸȫйֳ¶
Сͻˣһһԣʱʱһ䣬ԼһЩ˵
أĲЩǺ֮ȷĳĹɣƩһǺ֮ʱȫǹ̶ģֻҪнʱСӦԣȷԱܹЩǺ֮
ߵĹ켣ԼܿЩǺ֮֮Ϸнٶȿ˺ü
ȻƵǺ֮гɰǧɣеĲһеǷɢϽˮһӭҪЩһƵǺ֮еĹ켣һһ壬Ȼǰһܿ
ַȥÿŪһǺ֮й켣ǰеٶȱһ֣ţһٶȣҲؼӿ죬ȻԶԶСˣҲͣͲǰˡ
֮⣬Ǻ֮ϣȻʹȴҲƺ͸˿˿ƵǺ֮֮УЩƺԼԸıʣӦǿ
ʮ֮ʿҪһؿֻҪܹɹȻȻĲٴΪͷۡСĽͣУЩǺ֮ĳҲ棬Ҫ䣬κһС¶ԵʮʿǺУз֮һ
С£սſԼҲѰЩǺ֮ĳˣԭЩǺ֮Լ֮ϣ͸ԽԽǺ֮
ģǺ֮͸壬ûоԼԼԽԽˣЩǺ֮еĹɣֻԽԽˡ
ʶַȷģרĵȥ
ʱϢţĬĬǺ֮УųɰǧײȥЩǺ֮ԣȥ򣬷ſ飬ֽ̫¼֮
֪˶ãȻǸľ֮תһƺ࣡
СˣؿǱ֡
ôɻ
ʲôΪʲôʱԿ㣬ȴĴڣĬһͻȻüԵúǾ档
ĹЩأûиоʲô֮ͬ˵壬ǲǷֲЩǺ֮͸ˣСҲѯʵ
յͷҾΪҲоЩǺ֮͸תģô𣿡
СһۣǶԳһЦ
ǲԣֻǡٶ̫һ㡣СĿ⾼͵һǺʮʿӦǺ֮Ҫʱ䣬νӦǺ֮ǸоǺ֮͸
ô
ֻһʱ䣡ҧЩݺݵ˵
һͷȻһЦû뵽һˣ
ǲһϵûУСһĹйأÿһʮʿһνǺ֮Уһ˵ĬȻתڵĹĺûԴӦǺʱ䳤ֱ档
һ£Сһйâ˸Ҳ˵ĹҪһĹºܶ࣡
治֪ĵʲôҡҡͷ̾ҵ꣬ҲʱܹӦǺ֮
ˣʲô϶˵ġСǷŵÿҪģѰЩǺ֮йɣÿҳһǺ֮Ĺɣеٶȱһ֡
ЦŵͷʾСͻ˵˼
ۣһЩӭǺ֮ԼЩǺ֮ںϣԼ·ΪЩǺ֮һӣأжһйǺ֮
ڻС˵ע֮£ֻٶԽԽ졣
ȻΪʲôʮʿǺ֮кˣѰٹǺ֮Ĺ֮Ǻ֮зеٶȣѾ֮ؿʮֹˡ
Ǻ֮УûûԼֻЩӭǺ֮ԵúǻңһܹЩǺ֮ĹɣܹǰһܿôеٶȽߡ
̫¼ǹ壴ƺ̲ĳأһֱ̫¼ԽԽʶֹ֮
ЩǺ֮֮УԼһԱĸо֮£ܿЩӭǺ֮ĹɣǺ֮зеٶȾȻҲԽԽ졣
ͣͲǰ磬ֻһʱ䡣
һʼʱ򣬻С˶Ҫͣһ֮󣬻С̵ظֹһ죬С˺ٶһ¡
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ǰһ۵糸С˿׷ţ˾ϸ߳һѾѸˡ
֮
СѾʩչȫȻȴѾټֱһ·ãŷּվһ͵ʯ֮ϣյص
Ѿ֮ΪΪٶȷûҿ죿˹󣬼ղһʵ
С˸ۣյΪ˶һȻ֮ҲֻܹѰٶֵǺ֮йɣӦҲҲ࣬أҳ˶Ǻ֮йɡ
ĿǰĻӦǰ˰ʮһ֣ųԺѰĿԡպȻˣٺЦһ¼ΪأӲ
һƲƲ죬û


516 
ԺһС˲ϵ̽Ҫ֪Ĺƣ̫¼¶Ȥ
̫¼֮ܣС̽һһ⣬ʼղ̫¼й¶ȥ
£һС˱ʣԸٴԷߣС׷ϡ
СȻ߳һΪ޷ôǺ֮ĹɣĲԽԽ֮һЩ죬ֶ˼Ǻ֮ĹɣǺ֮еٶȸ籼һ㡣
СԽԽˣһǰɳ۵Ϊĸо
һ̣ʶԺǿУǺ֮вʧΪһѵĺ⡣
ٶȿСˣиľעԱߵǳԺúù۲򣬶˸ʶ
Ǵ֮бΪɵ֮У֮ǰżҲΪˣ֮һźܴ
Ʃ磬ڱһЩ֮Уǵ̫࣬ԽʿۼǳԽԡ
ǲ֮ͬеĸߵȼʿ಻Ź֮Ҫǳ֮ʿԶԶ̫ɺȻǳ֮ȴδô
෴һ·֮з̲ǳ֮ĻǣЩǲޱȵ˶̲صǳ֮Ҳ̫ɺһЩ
С˴һ£֪Ϊ⣬֮еǳ֮ȡǳ֮ٶȿ࣬һʧȥǳֻ֮Ҫʮصʱؾˡ
ˣ֮ϵľŹʿҪΪǳ֮ųԴãҲΪڶԭ֮һ
˻ڶ࣬ǳ֮ȡ֮֮⣬ǳֻǡǡ֮ǣһЩǳûûǳ̫֮ڿΪǡ
ȻЩǳȴصЩǳ֮ϣһЩΪ߳ʿڿʲô
ݻС˵ЩǳΪǣ̲ڶϡȱĿʯһЩʯԪʮʿȱٵʯȻĿ֮дڵֻһЩͨʯͷ
ЩʯͷʮʿĲϣҲһֿף䵽߳칤У˵;ߵߡ
Ǻ֮УϸĹ۲Ÿǳֺᷢܶǳ֮϶ĺۼһЩ࣬Ǹˡ
ʱǺ֮еǿߣ塢塢ľȵȸĸ֣Ǻ֮гơ
ʱҴңһգۼ䣬ͻС˱Ǻзɳ˰ˡ
ʱڣһ·ٸǳȴһǳͣһ죬һ·һǣͻȻͣؿǿǣ¶ԥ顣
Сһ£ʵô
Ҳʱͣԣʶſһǳ֮Ϸȥǳ֮ϸܵһЩ΢Щƺǳ֮УҶϢԶЩһǿ
һ£ͻȻҪϢһ°ɣ
ǺĺУҪھԪΪʯ˴ǳֻ֮ͣżһЩʯ֮ЪţָԼľԪ
Ҽǵ˵ðȻһЩ֪ǳͣ˵Ҫ鷳ΪʲôҪȥ̲סʵ
һԪһȤûеĻ㲻Ҫ
ǣһϲ˵һǣ̲ԪĿǣ
֮УҲǷǳϡٵģʱ䣬Ǻ֮УҲֻʮǶѡ
ʮ֮УɵĴҲһЩͨĿʯûкԪ
̺ԪĿǣǿаռͨðȻ룬ԷĹһĿǣǷǳϡٵģͨ˿Ⱦָġ
Сһɫһſʯĸģ
İɣ֪㵣ʲôһʯȻҲ˰ռӦѾˣҪȻҲˡοСһ䣬룬ֽ͵֮еԪڵλ÷ǳأһ˺ѷ֣ô꣬ˣ˵̲Ԫʯλûûз֡
ǰɣʵ
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֮Ԫ˵ǶСһЦȻ֮ԪͨõĻңǺò״ǳ֮ӳͷȷһ㣬ΪԺ·㣬ŪһЩԪҲӦõġ
Ԫ᲻Ѿɹˣղ޵ĵʵ
Ӧòᣬ˵õԪ֮ʮ㱻ɱˣô̵ʱ䣬ܽеԪɳġȻϢ͸¶ڶ֪ˣԪܾѾûˡ
ߣǹȥƣҲѲ˶ʱ䡣Сһ£Сһ㣬ǿڱˣҲ֪ʵΣǶһ㣬ҪϲҪ鷳ԪȻҪܹʧ
š˵ͷҶǶϤһ㣬ҿԱܿһˡ
Сͼٶ˵ʲôԪȤˣԽĸ˻
ƺȷΪϤûдǿϷ£һȦȻ˿ǵ·ѰһΪƫƧ֮أżպС˳ǡ
Χ㣬һڵ˿ϷһǺǳЩӲޱȣʯһ㡣
֮⣬Ҳˡ
ụ̂ûûлֲֻһ޼ʵĿտͽȻһֹ¼ŸС
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ôǳ֮Уÿһ㣬̫ͣã˷ټСߴ١
ӻת˹˵ͷĬĬǰ·һһϿһĵ֮سС
ٶȼӿ죬һϿģüͷߵһѪĺԱߣһˣͻȻۼ͵Ļ֮һ֮С
һ͵͵ĺǴ֮дֻһص֮Уһ޴гֳ
Ϣĵش֮д֪ͨδ
е㲻ԾۿС˾ҪŽ룬ͻȻأƺʲô쳣


517 һｵһ
Сˣ׼ĵôһ˵ϱͣһɻؿ
ȻദӲ˴һЩСϸѲյĲ֮ˣǼյΪҪһ˻൱Ӽյ
ôСͣʡ
ȵȣձۣվţƺĬĬʲô죬ͻȻۣһոĹâǻǲҪȥˡ
ΪʲôȻ
еϢԾƺĳϵϢȻγɵġصϢУŵѪζǱĳǿ̫һǱ棬Ҫǲ̫ס
Сôһ˵Ҳʶſ̽ûãƺҲһЩ쳣
ǲҪðˣԪȻ棬ǻδõɵĳ̶ȡСʶջأҲʼȰ˵
һ˵Ҳʼԥˣ죬ԼҲĵص˵ͷȻ֣Ǳ˰ɡ
ףʲôͻȻһֵؿŽ²֪ʱðһֻƶСİӨӨӣǳӺСżΪ΢ĲҪ˼յĽ£Բ
ʯ棡ռľߣǼһﻹδ
ȻֻлƶһСĳӣеǾЩΪȻǳֻСţÿһֻСŷŴǼ룬˸Ų԰׵Ĺ
ߣٴνеʯǼһģѶԸˮ֣ʲôʲô
ۼôţһ֪Ӳ׶ԸˣȻδӦ㴫ˡƺиĳӷ˳
ӱС¶֮ɫˣ˵ͻһѷˣ׼ٶ˴
ԥҲϽϡ
ˡˡˡǧ΢ȻЩƺȫڻƶСĽʯ棬һ㼯һ𣬰šˡͷƤ顣
ջͷһɫȻһ䡣
ǧĽʯӿɫĻһ㣬ֹЩʯٶȼ죬ƺȫȻǳãֻһǼ䣬һֵ˻Сǰǵǰ֮·ϡ
ĽʯѸپۼӵʱ䣬Щʯ澹Ȼһѩ׵ĹˣǹûһëԺֻһ˫۾Ѫȵɷ
ٺ٣ⲻǻôһξһѳȥû㾹ȻˡǹЦţͷãɱ֮󣬱Ҳûܹ֪ǳԪˣҲ԰ˡ
㣬㲻Ѿ𣿡һȻƺʲôе㣬֮ԼĻĽʯˣ
µûɭɭЦҲˣϧ֪İؼѣٺ٣֪ҿѣΪԹԽʯΪ޵۷֮ʱµˣ
֮ؼ
һƽȴһһﲻǰʧٵһɣ
ԽԽԼµؼ֮࣬ȴ˻˵ǰؼ
ȻѾκˣȴûбֳֻǰҫȡǰ׹ҲųڣӾŲ㱦ڰ˲õҲУʱ׼ӦΣ
һЦ֮󣬱㲻ن£һԽʯۼϷѿֻĽʯͻȻǵأһӿ
ãһʻϡڡһðȫڵʵʵ
СҲɫ䣬ԥؽںͷųһ˲䣬СϽ˺ļС˱Уһ߳ı񣬾ȻϢ˼С
ûõġ
춼ǽʯ洫ЩĽʯֱŻСȥֻлƶСĽʯ棬˻СĻ桢ϵʱ򣬾ȻʼʳϵĻͼ
ĿڻСϵĻͱҿʼһؼ٣ȥҪ˶ãС˵ᱩ¶ҲᱻǽʯһԵ
ǹƺѹûнֻ΢֮ļշУֻʮʯߣʮʯѾ㹻ոԵˡ
ҫ䣬һӲӵâ֯ǰγɡ
ȻЩʯ濿ֻ֮Ƕ̶̼ļ㽫ҫ֯ĵâԸɸɾ
δӦʮʯѾ֮ϣҪ塣
գʥʥ𣡡Զ᧿Σ֮£ߺһ䡣
ҲҪߺȣЩʯһ˵յ֮ϣ׼ԵʱڼڵġʥݳǼ佫ʮֻʯһס
ʯνĲˮ𣬲ʥһ棬ڡʥ֮£ʮֻʯ˲ڻΪʮɫˮεϣЩˮ̲֮żΪӿľԪ֮ȫӿ˼յһѨ֮ڡ
֮ԴԪתΪԪʱѨ̲֮صԪҲȫľˣȻԪѨ֮ȴѾտҲˡ
΢֮ҪϵԪע߰ٶѨ֮ڣֻ߰ٶѨ֮ȫԪ΢֮ŵ۷塣
һ˵̼ԴԴԪ֮£ҲҪʱſʵ֣⻹ڲϵرչ֮¡
Ȼʮνʯڻ֮ɫҺ͸ԺӿһѨ֮ڣֻǼӵʱ䣬Ѩ֮ڵľԪѾˣ
֮֮ƵĿϲԥҪҪСֲɵֵջ֮£ϳ嵽˻ԣ֮еġʥ𡱵ƴǽʯݶȥ
ʥ𣬾Ȼʥ𡭡ߴߴһֻֻʯϴǹ˷ֻɵĽʯ棬ƺʶ˲ףӻСŲ
Ҫؾۣһؾˣñˣﾪ
ףպٺЦʥ𡱻Ϊǣ͵ؼдʯۼ֮ء
ǽʯɰǧĵ΢ҺУһεɫҺֳ֮пϲسǰԼ彫ЩɫҺȫɣĸоʮѨԪˡ
߰ۼЩʯҪֿɢһֻħͻȻ֮иֳ֮âͺڶһʩչ
ǧ򵽻âȥ׼ȷ䵽Щʯе΢֮Уâ䵽Ľʯ棬һͷתתתȥȻҲŷˡ
㡭ҽˣ㡭д½ϵĽʯ棬ͻȻ˾ʧķ˵ľη塣


518 ǰν
ͬΪ̵¾νյħҲް̵İ壬ЩħһֱԪڣǰ̵ְһ򣬶ڰһЩطѾһĵز
Ȼǰ̵ǰνڰ̵֮յķǳһҪԸ治ףϾЩڽʯ겻΢֮ʯλסˡ
Ļâͺڶֻ꼼ȴ֣֮ڼսâͺڶ־ʩչԺһֻֻʯ֮ͷԵתȻش
һڵĶѨֳ޿һ˱΢ʱ̵ǰνϾʧϳ˼ͬͬԴ
ǰνȻһЦȴ飬һâȥЩʯͷתʱġʥȥ
һֻֻʯǡʥ𡱵ķ֮£±仯ΪɫҺ壬ЩҺһһڼյϣڵѨ׷磬ԼٶȽľȹ̣ΪӸ
ȻͬΪ̵ĽȴûһҪ˼Ϊ̵Ľûʴȿԣ档
ףֻҪǰνᣬԷҲ飬϶ٶȽ
ǰҪǲǰνʯؾ֮ǰ֣һʯۼɢ£Ҫ԰̵ûκοˡ
ֻгɢܹУſûâ
ֻҪôһĳɣԼ޾鷳֪һ㣬Իâͺڶ֮ϣûһͣâȥһֻֻʯǡʥ֮»ΪˮΣ䵽ϣΪһ־ԪѨ֮ڡ
ĴԽӺݶ
âȥڶҲЩʯ룬ӰЩʯؾ۵ٶȣ֮ʥ𡱽һֻֻʯճˮΡ
Чʵĳ֣ڶʱһƬƬʯ滯ΪˮΣԴȪ
ôһ򣬽ʯһ룬ʣʯ滹ڻâϮ֮Ͳġʥ𡱸Ϊ׵Һ塣
ֻٸʯ棬һʼͳݣڲΣ֮ԸٶݣŶһ٣ǧ֮⣬ٸʯһͷ­ŭ쳣ĽţСӣͬΪˣΪγ˴
Ҳɱ㣬ңǰ̵Ľ壬Ϊ֪̹أһһͷĽʯȺǽʯȺвۼһ֣֪ûâһͷеԸٶȣǰĽʯȺոɾ
һ񶾵Сӣǰνͷ­Զҡһ£͵ضݺݵسԹ޵ĿСӣһҪ꣬һУ
յı塢ħһ֣ѸٽЩʯոɾۼǸͷ­׷Сǻ֣屻һȥ룬Ǹҵһӣ
Ҫȡʱ䣬ȡǰһǧֻʣĽʯʱ䣡
С˴ֿʼͣ˶ԽʯĵֵͻȻð˵ڶ֮󣬻С˸ЩʧǶȣޱȡ
ֱôһȣСƺŷӦӦһ䣬ӭ˹ͷ­ʻͼ֮ϢΪϣǰνͷ­ǰ
ͷ­ŭһڳ嵽ǰʣµһǧֻʯջҪԼʧ͡
ſһ£һĽ⣬ͻȻǽʣһͷĴ֮
ǽƺ޼᲻ݣȴ͸СĺϣȻȥƲִ͸˻Ļǽһ㣬ֱżշȥ
ͷҲأһħѾѸٱ仯λã
꣡
͵غħؿڣȻħؿںһȭͷСѪ
ȣħͺһȭͷСѪ¶ľӨͷʼðݳӲںɫ
һŨħȻѪ֮ðݳڻС˵ľĿ֮£Ѫڶʱϣħϻָ
ˣձһЦٶѨȫӯ˾Ԫ̲صľԪ֮ǰҪŨٱֹ
һһơʥ𡱴֮зݳȥѸٳѾǰǰνͷ­ݹȥ
СˣҲһ֣ʻͱ׶Ҫشϼһ䵽ǰνİӨӨͷ­ϡ
ȫʢʱ֮ȻȴֻʣһͷˣȻѵĴ󲿷걻ʥŽʯһʹҲȫˣʵѾԶԶ֮ǰˡ
˵ĺ֮£һͷ­ԵУȴԵò֧ˡ
Сˣµʵ֮Խʯ̬ķĹֹ֪֮£ֻмٸʯҲӦˡ
ȻΪмյĴڣ̵ǰνҲַˣòսΪʧ̫ƵĹСͻ˲¡
ôһռϷˡ
ʯ֮ȻȱȴϢӴ󣬼յĻâӦֻܹԡʥһ߻סȫһ߷ֳһԸ
лС˰˴󲿷ǰνĹʹ԰Ȼ
׹ãϣս;һԴȻ˰׹ã͵һָǰǰνͷ­
׹յѶ֮û˿ԥһͷ­Աߣɭɭ׹צӣ͵سͷ­ȥ
һ֮⣬ǰνĴ֮м䵽ǰ׹õϣȴֻһѩ׵İߵ㣬˿ûӰ쵽׹õٶȡ
꣡
׹òǴͷԱߣɭɭĹצͷ­֮͵һ壬ֻͷ­ٴηѣ»ΪĽʯ棬Ҫس˷ݡ
ߣպٺٹЦֿʼʼʩˡ
ǻâЩһֻֻʯĲ֪Ȼʥ𡱷ݹȥһֻֻʯ滯ΪɫҺ塣
ԡЩɫҺ֮£鳩֮ЦӲá
˰ֻʯߣãã֮⣬γɴͷٽʯ棬ٴλΪˮΣѨľԪ
ˣС˽е
ϧǼеʱֻʯѾˣѾãã
յĿЩʯ滯ΪɫҺ壬ʱȫЩҺ壬ȻϾ׷
ЩҺһβʣȫڵѨԺǰǰνϢѾײˡ
ĬĬһ£ϽֳȻϲ⡣
ȫ߰ٶʮѨѾ߰ŸѨӯ˾ԪֻҪٽʣʮһѨڵľԪӯֱӴﵽ΢۷֮Ϊˡ


519 ɿ
ԭҪʱſʵֵ飬Ϊǰνĳ֣һӱˣȫ߰ŸѨھԪ磬ĸоھԪĻ̶Ѿˡ
δԪ㣬õԶĺô
СҲǲ죬ֻ֪ʯԳԪԳԸʯͷͽȴ֪ʯһڻ󣬻á
ҲΪˣڽսʱۿһεɫˮԡûвȡκεж
ԹʯͷˣЩҺܻ˺ǣ԰װױ˼ա
Ȼǰǰν뿪õʱҲʶʲôè壬Ҳ׷
Ȼ˵ʲôֻЦЦ˵Щʯ滯ɵҺЩ洦ȴûϸ˵ʲô洦
СȻɻȴûжʣҪҪԪ
̵ǰνѾӵյԪӦʲôΣˣһϼƣðȥһ̽
ûֹ²غһǺΪʯȫˣҲûɭϢ˸ӿ϶治Σա
һʱ䣬һֱ뵽ص֮УڻĴ£ۻһһǺʯľ޴Ѩ
ѨֱףΪȴûһ˿ΪлǿԿѨľ
ѨڣǽǿӿݵСףԱɵĺۼ
һЩС׷ǳϸСϸֻлƶһֻǿһۣ϶ЩССĶǱʯˡ
ˡ˵ͷְסһڵʯڣϵĻ׷ݳұһ㿾ڻ
Сһ£Ҳȡһֱ۳ıǱָͨ徧Ө֮СһǱұѸи
ڡǡУұһЩɫͺɫھ򣬲ʱǱϴһ̡졣
СɫһϲæɣǱиƵŪԽԽ졣
ʱСһץжһȭͷСԪԪΣںĶѨ֮ڣһ־Ө͸ľ޸С
һԪ󣡡Сѵ¶һ΢ЦϵĶԽԽ󣬽ЩұŪġֱ졣
һɫɫӲʯںϣǻǰһѨֻ䣬ֳһӰ˿˿ȵĻ֮ǰ·
ͻȻҲüͷһץǰһֱ۴ֵԪӲұڷ϶г˳
һС˶жȻһЦҲٿ塢ħ塢׹һ֣Ѱһ򣬿ʼԪ
ЩԪڼӲʯڷ϶֮ڣҪɱҪΧʯڸѿЩ̲ԪʯڣҲ֪ǺƵʯ飬ǳļӲʮ֮ǣҪѸٽЩʯƳס
յıħڿɵĹУҪķѼЩԪֲ޴ڣķ˼ľֻܹõһСѡ
Ԫ̲صƺҲЩұڸ谭ˣоһֻܹƾơ
ħ˰ʱʱ䣬ҲֻǵõһԪˡ
ǰ׹ãַ֪ͨȻץԪһԪһС
Сˣר־ؿЩԪ󣬸ûϾעԥһ£͵͵ֱ۱仯ʹֱ֮ıͻָס
СˣǼָԪֻǼӲұڣָ֮£Ȼֽһ㣬ָ׿׾ٵĲС
һʶ仯ֱۣ֮ҪһҪҫ
ɵٶϿָ࣬׵޼᲻ķ£ܿŪһԴСԪ

պ
СεͣһĽƣ̵ǶϢָ
յħľһԪ³ֻͰ׹ûŬһ򿪲ɡ
ֱ۱仯֮ʯĿһӱ࣬ҪϵԪֻҪָ׵ӳͿһֱȥ
֪ǲ˿ɵ̫һ㣬һʱ䣬ҪһʱܹõһԪ
ԽЩԪƺԽԽϡ٣ʱҪѰʱ䣬ܲҵһԪ
׹ǱҲͬˣԪٶԽԽˡ
ֹ˼գС˻ָûмżԪпɣǵ˼մͨһͨԪķֲûйɣһطܶ࣬Ҳпܷǳϡ٣Ȼ׿ɵĿɹˣԭһǲˡ
˶ԪСȽϹһ㡣
أЦЦ
ҵõԪٶ飬ȻЩԪĿͷܴ󣬺ͽʱõı׼ͷһţиĿͷǧɡС˻һۣԺһЩҲֻаǧ飬أ
ĿͷĻһǧ飬Ǻǣվ˶ơպЦ
Ȼû˵ʵ˵ֻǰ׹õģħǧ飬һǧ飬ԪڣѾõǧԪˡ
˵ļһС˺ߣȻЩʣˣɵĻ϶òôôˣֻҪұƳпܵõԪ⵹ûбҪˡ
Ԫһ˲֪ɣˣʲôʱûԪˣ¿๦ԺСЭˣһ¡
ǧԪļգҲˣôһ˵ͷͬ⣺ðҲõҪĶˡ
ǺãҴ·ھߡûһˮֱӳԭ·ء
ĬĬظţȴâ˸ϵؼţʱ·۸ӣһٶߵڻȥˣ᲻ʲôֽź˵ı߷ǽߵȥһǿиıһҪҹǲס
ȻƺĲСǵ·ȥʱ򣬻ȥûаԭ·أڶ໨һʱŻصڡ
պС֪˼Ҳû˵ֻｫʱͻ·գ˼ּƽϣһιʱ򣬶ҪԼһ׼ȷĵ·
ֱӷ죬ƺ˸ʱڵΡ
աС˸֮ΪǷģһ⣬ʼգǵڶô£ƺĹ㱾岻һ
ţγɵģûʲôֻǶ˸ĺ·ˡڴ
ֹȥСһЩ̼ҵ飬ƺ˲ܹǵЩ߷Աܹ֮ڵԪ
ϾôһԪ󣬶κһ˵䱦˭ҪԼӵһС


520 ͼ
ǧԪ֣ٴνǺУڻС˵Ĵ֮£Ų֪ȥ
ǺУԽԽ壬ʶ̫սӻС˵ĿУʶԽԽˡ
ȻǺУҲһ˳ģʱҲᱻǺͽϣս϶Ա⡣
ڻС˶֮ΪԼҲӣһ·оա
һЩǺ֮еΣʱҲԤ׵ıƩ磬䲻ðǺеĺڶ˶յıܹˡ
Щս;֮£ԽԽŶʶֻ֮ʵǿڱˣܹ졣
ֹ˰ʱ䣬Ǻ֮Ӿտ˼Ǻ֮йɣеٶȸԶԶСˡ
ȻǺ֮еǺУҲڲϵڵڸܹžİ壬ܹžаУǴеĹɡ
ãܹ֮Ǻ֮Ĺյô죬̫¼֮⣬ҲǡܹžĪϵ
ܹžĹУľԽԽĮٽκշϣη޾壬Լ·˷֮
ľʮ֮ʿΪӵһֻľﵽˣſԲϵȥľŬͻﵽľ硣
ܹž̫¼ľĥ¼ΪЧߵ֮£ԽԽԼƺҲڲϵߣܹĳض£էֵһЩضĹɡ
Щϣսеʱ㷢ЩƺõĹɣܹս仯ԽԽܹӦǺսԽԽڽս;ӳУսһ
ʱҴңʱ䶼Ǻжɹˡ
֮ڵѨѾȫ˾ԪͻƵ΢֮۷壬ֻҪĳԸһ֮
СʱڣĬĬؿı仯ԭȶԼһֱĻĻ֮ƺڸıԼ̬ȣʼٽһʱ͵ϮĶ
֮ѾҪ׹÷ųʱ޿̵طˡ
ͻƵ΢۷֮һ佫Լ仯ָͻģһǻȫҲ˲ȡ
ȻڻСǰֳ֮ģĵƣؼʱǲ¶ġ
Ȼδ¶Ǵ׹ȡһ𣬻СѾʶһЩ΢ı仯
Ȼⷽ潻ּϣСѾ֪֪ѾηԼ٣ᵣĻᱻʱɱˡ
ôһС˸ӲˣǻڶԴʱҲˣʱĳЩ滹صѯ
ʶڣСѾͬȶˡ

֮ء
ķƺľһҮյĽ֮ػ棬ľĴҮպͿ³ɫΨΨŵŵ
ԱߣƬ޴ëסȻˡ
ƣ˵֪Ų㱦λãľĴ󺺣һ˫ϸ۾
ǉЩص㡣ҡҡͷǾŲ㱦ڵĶпȫһ˵ȥˡ
Ϊǉľ󺺣͵һȵʲô
ǸСӣõһУæеη塣
ƣʲôǉһŲ㱦ѾտҲûȤȥǶԼȥŮɣ
ҡҡͷСŮǰѾ˴Ѷˣ˵Ѿصˣʱһط֮ͨǱܹͻƵ֮ˣ
ƣ㿪ʲôЦǉһЦҲ֮ԵѽŮҪ磬ɲǱչؼǧͿԴɵģ⻹ҪԺͻԵ
Ҹ㣬СŮǾŲ㱦֮ڣõᣬ˵ûпʵˣⷬ˵ĵȻͫȴһ˿βסĽ
ᣡǉ͵һ૵Сӣ˸õ֣Ӿûôˣһ
ȿȣһҪСҳƿһ£֮ϣľ㸺𣬶ľϢܹ㣬岻£Һ˵ܹСҳ
Ų㱦֮ڣֻһΪ㲻ΪǶСϰɣǉȻ
ɫһͻȻ°ɡ
һЩĸѸʧȥټǉôҲһЩľҲһʧ
һʱ䣬˷ǉ⣬ֻʣˡ
˵Ƴ˵ͷ
Դǵڰ˲ʱңңССƿһһСһľ顣
ǉһʼţ˵ʱ۾ŷƵ˵ǲͼھ֮У
ʮа˾šƵͷص˵оŲ㱦֮ڣͼһݲͼҪǴ˵ûĻǲͼӦþСеľ֮ڣ
ãСӳǉһ£֮أҲҪ
֪Ķ˵ˣǲǸ÷Źˣؿŷơ
˵ͷƵţȷûʲôֵˡ
һ䣬ڳһһƵݳϵëƮЩëȻ⵶˲佫նأЩëմһѪɱƮƮػصˡ
ѩȻСӾ㣬ȴܲɱĬĬ

һƵǳ֮ϣϱ鲼Ŵ̴˵ֲЩֲﶼмһ֦ҶŤţƺҪɹԵޱȡ

ײصͻȻЩֲ֮һֲﱻӲȳ֭ҺԶһЩֲƶȻٵڵˡ
ڵˡСһ˷ܡ
С˵ĵط𣿡ջܣɻҲκε϶𣿡
СͷȻһβŪط
Сһ㣬ص֮ƺŻɽһܻǳͣüӦһ£Ȼ
СҲûãĻɽֻҪܿ𱬷û취ܣֻܹСԡС͡
ڣԸң˵ĿģҪõʲô˰ɣյ˵ͷɫȻؿ
һɳĻᣡС˫йâڣֻҪǲҺͻﶼп֮ܽ㣬̤֮ãáʥ𡯽ˣ˵Ҳ̤֮
ȤպٺЦ


521 ħ
ɽϵı˳ŨŨҽ˷ʱЩΧֲһ·ȣǿٵ˳ȥ
һգ۹ڼվŵ򣬱Ҳһֲˡ
ֲƺѾӦ˻ɽʱ״һ쳣ӵ൱ݣǵĸڴ֮£ȴȻҪ
һˣЩҽ֮ǰѾ׼ˣҽ䣬ҽ֮أ͵˽ȥ
СΪϤһȻֵһȵǰպͻǽϣǻɽ緢Ϊڣֱŵصȥ
Ũҵҽ֮ʴγɵĹ֣˲òڵľԪʩӿϵЩҽ֮Ϯ
ЩҽǵϢһЩԣֻǻ֮ˣղֱܣòйּ
ǻҲʻΪȦγ˻ӸȫСһ塣
˸ӦԵķСĴ£ðҽ緢ֱŵصǱ롣
ʱϢţ֪䣬ʱȥˣĬĬ㣬֪Ѿˡ
ʱڣڵľԪѾľòЩ̲Ѩ֮ڵ
ͻƵ΢۷֮ҪǻǰˮƽһڵľԪľҪһĪչҪ仯ſӦԡ
Сȫ֮ھԪĻ̶Զ½ĹУϵشܲס;ʱЩҽ֮ʴ塣
ֱɫ糣ʼûֳƣ̬ԺСŰ˼ѾͻƵߵľ硣
˵һô϶
ôһǶԼձֶ˼ֹ˼ɣҲҽˣ￴Ŀ⣬˼𾴵ζ
ǿߣǻܵ𾴵ģ
ֹʱ·ҽԽԽ˵Ҳüѣ½ٶȻֻ˼֡
ʮѨ̲صľԪ⼸ʱڣѾȫľˡ
ʼøѨ֮ڵҰСֻҪһֵֿ˵Σգ仯ˡ
Сһ㣬һ·У˵ħûͻȻСѣ͵ħҽ֮ڣʯͷɵģͨ죬ðħЯĻҪЩҽŨٱ
˻һϽ׷׽ʶſ
˷ʶ̽Щҽ֮УʶԲħĴڣǺҽΪһ壬̬ҽһ¡Сƺ֪ʲô˵һ䡣
ﵱ˶ħʶ̽
ȻȴδСĻɽʶſ̫¼֮ڣʶһֻֻѼĴ֣Ϊĳ·ӹȥ
ʶΪһ˲ͬʶҲڳˣһ˲ȴԣ
ţ
Ȼʱ֮һʶһҽҽ֮Ӧ΢ĲЩȷЩҽƵʼΪƣֻǣЩ΢Ĳ֮Уȴһɷ
࿼Ͽ϶ҽ֮УȻ̺һС˵ħ
ҪǸȥͻȻһ䡣
ɫУһ£ֵؿһۣ˵ʲô
ҪǱȥ½ķӦħڣظһ顣
ҿ϶ﲻȷʵ
ҿ϶
˵ͷûм֣ĴǸÿСǸλá
һ֮УڻǸһŨҵҽȻѿһʯͷ͵ðצŻСǱ߳ȥ
ƺܵҽӰ죬δСԣ㱻Щӿҽˡ
ħСȵʵô֪Ƕħ
Ʋ죬Цһȴûн͡
СͻҲûжʣֻǿĿûелֻ˵ͷ
ڽһ·̣ܹǰֽðħָ£Сͻ˶ܹħһ·ϰȻس·Ǳ룬ֻҪڵľԪڷϼɡ
ֹĸʱնʮѨ̲صľԪֺľ֮ڣܲ·ħˡ
ҪˡСæ
աһ࣬ʼӽС߶ڵľԪֵŵĸһЩ
ͨͨͨ
һ޴ҽ̶ڣҽ̶γһУһŨҵҽǴЩз죬һֱǳ档
ҽ̶ڵĸ£ҪЩȥҽҪŨңҽ̶ڣҲһħζţƺڷʲô
һ˽ҽ̶ЩħǷһ㣬׷׳߳˹ʮħγһΧȦΧġ
ȥСС
˵պͻ˱ЩħϲĶ⣬ЩħδˣſһŨĻ棬Щջˮһ㣬Яŷһеĸ¡
СϵļЩŨĻ潦䵽ðƵỤ̃ļ϶һСס
ħ³Ļףž˵ĸ£ſµĸʴһҪСģСһֵħҲǳֻ̣ͷ­һ㣬ǵͷֻſԶʱɱǣ
ͷ֮䵽һ⣬Щ;ʱ򣬱һĳĵӣֻǷޱȡ
ǰħЩ֮£ͷ­һħͷ­ڿб鿪Ũϸһ¡
Сһ㣡Сֽһ䣬һҽ̶ϷγһĹĻĻбƣŨʱ谭һ¡
ߣСһȣ³ֽǰ·һħͷն䡣
ûгֻ֣ǸڻСǵĿ·֮£ٶͻ
ҽ̶Ǽƺ߼ʣ˺ò״ЩħİΧڳȴҲ򣬲֪ʲôطߡ
СʲôطߣＱʡ
ңСһ䣬һļȣ죬ͻȻָһ򣬵ǱߣǱ⣬ˣ
աȻʲôϻָʲôطʲôطˣֱйȥ
ʱ֮ڿأѾˣǺϽ٣Ȼһع̣ȴٲõҽϮħΧɱˡ
߰ɣٹһ·̣ǾͿԳطˡСһһǰ·
ʱ
մͷұڵѹĺأ͵ػȻԼһޱȵ磬̲סе


522 Ѫ
ͷŷ߲ţ޴ڣʹĹ⣬ڣҪȵر绹Ҫࡣ
ϣ滨ݱأһĢ״ֲ緿һСڵر粻ޣĴţһ㶼
һ鷢ʯͷӨ͸鲼ÿһ䣬Щʯͷܴ󣬺ͷһС͸죬еȻγ໨ݵģһֳĸо
ֲﻨɫǳޣ졢̡ɫȵɫϺõͿһǳĴ⡣
һӣ糤һֲЩξĺˮûһʣһۿС㡣
һƺֻеͯ磬ôôĸɾƺܵһ㳾ۻࡣ
ˣҲǳŨϵ֮УֻҪʵĿĿ
ȱžȣȻȻȽڵָСһ䣬ȻĬĬԪڲһ˶ԪȡʼָڵԪ
ﲻҲôȥˡ
ûôѣ˸ۣ׹÷ųһѶӴڵԪȡһ飬ʼĬĬػָڵľԪ
ʱѸš
Ҳ֪˶ãˣΪΪָٶϺÿһЩֻСĬĬҲŰ׹ÿʼε
ǳе磬һ˸ﵽˣΪгɵʮʿҲҪЩҽ緢գпܴﵽ˵ء
һΪ磬ڵر翴棬ŵرĹɫĻҲܹڱĵطչһЩ
Ҳ˵أ
ͷз֮ŽʶſҪ̽̽ı򣬿ûʿ
ɳɳɳ
ʶոշſδüϸܣԶһ죬ʱһһˣǰˡ
ɫ԰ޱȣһزĸоǴˣȴһŻǿϣȴļǼð촽ϷһּΪĸо
ڣղ̫ǿڵϢʬ˫֮һʬڡ
̤̤̤
֪ʱ𣬻СվˣСüˣѪ壡
Ѫ壿
һɻ˵һ㣬˵ǳ޾ֻҪɱǲȻ
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525 
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526 Ůɫ
ԲԶһͷתˣЩѾѣ̵ҲһЩɻڵأƤȴڼѵزţƺҲҪѹ
С˲ԣһˣҲһûз֡
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ԣǸѪˣˣǻ֮С

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а̲סȥ۲Եıˣķ˺һƺȫܹþԪ֮
츳ͨƺӰ죬ļһֻ۶ţոĹâֳˣҲԽ̵طΪʹþԪƣȴɲߣٶҲ
ˣѹԺϿʼռʯͷ滨ݣһˣһĵʯͷϲץʯͷ㡰ԸԡĴƺð˫֮еı֮⵱һ֡
ǸѪˣѹˣʼæµ
עһ£㷢Щ˶ϵһЩ滨ݺʯͷƺϵ滨ݵ֪࣬ʲôԼãһȷԼЧģǻԥ̳ȥ
û̳һ滨ȥձ㷢ǵǿ׳һ֣ƺЩ滨ݿԸµǿӲ
ûмô̳Աһʯͷʱ򣬻ðĵĺͻȻˡʥ𡱣Լ侲̲ͨԼڵġʥ𡱡
ģʥƺҲԼ֮£һơʥȻָðݳ
ϽֽʥյһػҫҲȥЩˣʼ߶
Сӣոʱ򣬾㹥ҵİɣͻȻһˣ͵ضԭĸ֣֮Ϊδ̶ʱǳЩ֮һˡ
֮Ϊʱ򣬲ڰ׹õǻǣȻôһطҵ;ԪȫܵӰ죬Լǿǲ̫¡
Ƴһۣյͷǰȷңָֺ̣
ָ̣˺ٺЦСӿӻûŪƣҪŪҲ޷һҪȥˡ
ô˵ţ˵ֻ۾֮УȻһӲӰ׹⣬ǰ׹ƺżΪֲĴ͸ٶȻ죬͵سżշȥ
Ȼ츳ͨơ
һӲӰ׹⣬Ҫʱ򣬼ȻһЦ͵̧һӣҫĵǰ׹⵲

ҫһУһǿ͵ĳǰϿֱۣҪֱѾڵѪһԽֱ۸ı鿪
ףļһɫ΢䣬ƺ벻յֱۻܹȻһ֮󣬾׼֡
ˣҲöԸͻȻһĸ֣Դˣǳһ䣺ܹһ˵˲Ǽ򵥵΢֮ʿҪǲҪ鷳
Լճֵļһһ£˵ͷԶԶСӣˣһҾͷŹˡ
ɫᣬңңһۣһȴûнûŪ֮ǰҲ뼱źս
οԷˡ
һϤĻ֮ԶһæŻ洫ķȥʱһɫԱߣǺ̺Ѫľ
һޱȵŮˣǺ룬һǺ޵ĺˮʪˣһ߶¶ˡ
ֱͦͦںϣǸ߸߹˫ͦޱȣƺҪ˿ʽ¸űСݣӨӨԳûһ˿׸⣬һ˫ֱĳ΢΢ţǹסȵĳţƺʲôˣõģڲסô۰׹⻬
޵Ů˳Ľë˶ƺ˹͵شǺʵ˫Ϊңز˼£˵Ĳˡ
ʲô޵Ůһ꣬ȡһ£ʵʵһʵСأ
С㣬ǻһͰ͵ָһز˼飬㣬ϵ˰أ
޵Ůһ㶣ֵؿһۣȡһ澵ӣԥһ£žڿһۡ
ϲ֮˲޵΢΢ţһزţ૵ˣȻȫˣһ̺۶ûˡ
૵ʧضǾֿ·ԶҲ壬겻վӣҼҪԼʲôˡ
ʧǵģҲûдֻĿؿǺ޵ĺˮһ£ȡһƿռһЩЩʺѪĺˮ׼Ժооˮ᲻ỹбʲô;


527 
ԭϰ̺۽ֲϹҲһ˿̺۵ĺۼû˰̺۵Ļһ㲻Գª÷ǳޣǼտˣò˵ʮˡ
ƺûչˣϵİ̺ȥеļϵضžһʱ䷴˼Աˡ
ռһЩˮﻹǶվӣ̲סʵûпˣ
ûлͷͷϵķ˿ϸͷƤڵ֮󣬵һ˾㣬СЩˣ֪ʲôطһ洦ұˡ
һزͷУʱƺֻòҪ¶ˡ
Σûм̸Ȥ㲻ٶ˵ʲô̧ͷ죬׼ѰСһˡ
ˣСɽУʱֿˣվӦ档ڽۿһۣǱˮ嵽ߵģֻҪ˳źˮǰߣӦܹСǻϡ
ǻʲôյ
˵ͷðƵȸ´ƺһգ۹ϵĳʪˡ
ϵĳʪȥ󣬻ӣֱɵĻɫ۸ʵʵˡ
һк󣬻Ťǰ·ɫƽһԲظڻ
һ·źֱɽȥ·ϣʱЩˣЩ˶ĴѰһЩ滨ݣЩʯͷûдͻˡ
Ҳ鷳żһ·ϳɽٶȥŹ˰ʱ߳ɽȣïܵĴ֮С
еĸֹľֲɣܹԽЩľȫסˣ˶Զ
ãǺԵĹľ࣬źһ·ǰߡ
һʼʱ򣬴лǳİʱЩʱʱشս֮ǰҽҲʼо̲סҪԶԶġ
ԭȥȴֹˣźʱ֮󣬻ͻȻüͷһ͵شӻȡһĵİָҵСˡͻȻһͷ˴С
֪С֮зϵȻƶһ֣Ҳԥæˡ
һ֮УһƬïܵĴ֮УСС֮⣬κˣ˴ʱ״̬ƺ̫ãСɫЩ԰ףؿѪ߰ߣҧгݣʲô
˳ֺС۾һһȱı飬һ˷Σǰһ˾ͺˡ
ô£üͷ˭ǣ
ľļˣǰĳУû뵽ڴǣ߲Уڽս֮¡ܡʧɢˣҹˣҪȻ͸鷳ˡζԻ͡
һҲֻ˵ģֻ΢֮ļգȻǰﲻʲôæġ
Сû°ɣҲ⣬յСԣʵ
İ׹ܷȡСʱץӨʯͷʯͷðƺСƺһֱڽʯͷ
ûã׹ƣٻҡͷ
СȻЩʧʵǡʥأǷҲܵ˵صƣ
⵹ûС
̫ˣСһæеʯͷҰʯͷڻˡ
ڻ϶𣿡
϶Сȡһѱһ˷ѩڻ⽣֮⽣ȻأڶԴЩľʱ򣬶ȻԸǸصĴ
ΡˣСôһ˵һ㶣ȫֵؿżգƺ漧ʱܹʲôá
ǺáյͷСеѩץţϲһ˿˿ֱ֮֮ðݣЩ֮ͶĽȫˡ
аȣæ񣬲ٿڵġʥ𡱣ЩʥڣΪԣҪڽ֮
˳Ѫܺ͹ǽڣһơʥ֮͵һԡ
ֻĴָϸһơʥֳ֮֮󣬾Ȼٵͷ˿һϸСɣų˿˿𻨣Ծ鶯Ļ磬Сһ㣬Ϸѩϡ
ѩңЩ鶯ޱȵĻ֮󣬷·ѩһѿ˻꣬˿˿ӨҺ˳ָ
СɫһϲæǱ⽣Щָ֮ľӨҺ
ģЩӨҺһǱ⽣֮ϣˮܴһ㣬ȫǱ⽣֮ʧˡ
Ǳ⽣֮еĺȴѸӣһԽԽĸо
СϵĲ԰֮ɫķ˱仯ñӨȻһǰɫȴǽĹ󣬸һֳĸо
ѩҵڻ⽣֮еĺԽԽأСûʩӾԪ£Ǳ⽣㱻һŪŪĺƺк²һССı̽ͷ̽ԡ
Сһ˵ཫŪ
УΡ˶ˣֵ֪Ŀ˵ľ档
СǱ߽֮Ρ۷شһóһصʯͷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀżգѣɲԣɲԣ
ʲôȻ
ǵʯͷҲһ£𣿡θЦ
ռһöֻҪһ𾧣㣡Ƴ£ͻȻҧȡһö޵ֱӵݵǰ
޵֮һƢζֻǣò̫ÿƳһۣüͷ裬ģǺˡ
գɣõġС˳ǣ͵΢֮˵ʺϣԼԺͻƵƿһöͻ֮ĻһܹӦԻָһ˿
Сôһ˵˾ٿһҲúˣЦе󣬱㿪ʼΪһ𾧡
ԥһ£˺ģҲС磬һѪʯⶫѪǳãֻҪھѪĹˣôһѪʯ㹻ָھѪȫҲ֪ԪܹãѪһľ㲻ˣ԰ɣ
ҲǺöСֵ˵ͷ
κģ֪Щ˵ʲôСһۣҲѪʯѪʯЧ˺ãǻ汦
ôһ£Ѫʯ̲֮סˡ
ȻԪ걻ˣȴƣ滨Ϳʯȴң뿪̶ʧ΢΢һЦҲ˵õĺôõģгһ뿪뿪ǳǵõĺôҲһֱڣ


528 ս
̶ǳأκܵӰ죬Ԫܹʹã궼Ҫơյ¸ص֮ʿ֮󣬶һֻܹʵ
һ˵ԽǾֵʿĴԽҲ˵֮ʿ֮ʿھԪȫƵ֮£Ȼ֮ʿҪ
ȻûоԣЩǿ˵ôһطͻռݱˣΪ츳ͨơ
ľɿľһԶõֻۣҲֻٶȽҲɲ̫߰ˡ
̶شĸ죬ѵһ滨ҵڱǳֵǧʯҲѰ
滨̷ֱǿԸıǣָܹһЩõͨЩܹǿʯҪ֮ȴΪףΪҪһĻʹá
ܹĻ棬ҪþԪ߷ֻмһˣ׼ſķЩʯ֮УƩԶáʥ𡱵ļգһ֮һ
֮⣬ħĻ̲֮֮УѪҺǲƣ⽫ĿʯԼ塣
ƩѪϣѪȻܹþԪѪѪһЧ
滨̷ʯˣܹʯͷˣܻӭ
ϾѪ壬ҪѪʯͷҪʧԼΪۡΪѪѪҪľѪ̫࣬ÿʧһΣѪ˶ʹãԼҪʯͷҪʯͷĲǲֵǶþѪ
Ȼæ
մС֪״Ϊʲôκ˻̬ȴˡ
ǡʥ𡱵Ļ֮Ϊκ˽ҵʯͷ֮󣬼հ̽ǡʥ𡱣֡ʥĵ»ָš
һ˵ʥ𡱵ҪָҪȵĻϵ׵֮ط⣬ûκ֮£ʥ𡱵ֻĴųӰ죬ƺػָ
оһ󣬼ձȡ̳ˡ
ڼδоζķҷ֮лΪһ˿˿ȫ֮εһ飬ƺ̲ڽ֮еĳ߷ЩεһȦ֮֮ڳԺ
꺣עЩ֮͵Ӧƺ΢ı仯ٽʶųԲԲһصһЩ΢ϢΧȻǳխôһ֮Ѿǳˡ
ȻСһ˶ǳδıĺôС㿪ʼѯˣΧʲô쳣ûûиӦ
üͷʾСȱ졣
ڷԲһ֮ڲ˶ֺΧֲΪһĸоľˡ
ľˣ߸ǸۼۣƾʶĸӦָһ򣬺ȻٴνеԣԶˣľ׷ˣ񡭡ǣ
Ρ͵վܹѣΪľ˽ҪˣҪǣȻ군ˣľ˻ǡ
ľܹҵ𣿡˺ߣͷ˵ľɱˣȴѰǣûҪȥðա
Ȼǵ£ڶ֮󣬾ͿʼںǺˡ
ȥССվεҪ׷ɱǵˣǵǿԲùܣľ岻ͬڴ֮УľҪˣҪ̫ˣΪǿԺֲ﹵ͨ
οЦ
鷳ﲻ͵ĺһ߰ɣԪ궼ˣ˵ڴڣľ˽棬϶ûôɡ
ۼ˶ɫҲüԼоֻò鲻ԸվСظ˻Сˡ
㲻ùģﲻæУǲϣ¡λͷؿһۣĵĻ潫ǷǳãţԴҶкô
Ȼξüոﲻʲôæ
ȥСƺ֪յһ֮ҡҡͷ԰æģĻ棬԰ϴæҪСһߣǻĪ
˻һκƶ죬żտһۣ˵ͷٶ˵ʲô
㻹ϲ¡յСһۡ
СӶǧŪл˾޴ĺôôҲóʱȣЩ˾ȳ󣬻ҪѰһ˶һðײá
Сһ㣬ͿҪˡѹһǴӺ󷽳֣Ǽ˺ϣܹɱϵľˣһʤ
ţЩľһ׷ˣͻȻ֣ȷʤ㡣С˵ͷȻ̰һڱ⽣ðĺ˾һƺʱĳ
Ƕָ򣬱۾ʮɵĹľ󷽣ĸľˣ˳Ľվ泯ķҪ͵Ϯȫɱףע⡣
һ˲ٽСڵ߶ûзԶϵشľ˵ĽмҵĴ
֣εͺһ͵سȥһѱռӹϵԲ׶âһʮƬľҶӴ͸ֱӺһľ˵ĺϡ
Сһӵϣȫһľɱȥһ˲Ƚľ˺ɱ
չȥ֮󣬲׼֣ǵһľѾɱˣתĿꡣ
ڶľ˱С⽣͸֮ѾѸïܹľԣǸλûȻð䲻ðһŻûľ˴ŵĿУڶľӲˡ
ľơεĹ֮£ûȻҽţȴص˺󷽵ĹľУǶ⼸ľ˾ۼĵط
һ飬Ѿʱˣʬ׷룬˵أŵײײԶݣ±ľסˣϵʵ룬һľ˴µؽڻţ֮ŷ⡣
ӣ⼸ľǵǵˣûмŽһĥ׼
ȴ΢ı仯΢һЩҲһЩϸ΢ĸı䣬ʹñòƽƽ¾Ȼһ˶Ȼ֮ǰⷽʵò
Ϊòԭûбɱס֮󣬳˶ԷйĹߡ
ңǶУ֣֪̿ķ֪


529 
Ե÷ǳ֣̿νĺʵûʲôԼֻ֤Լмֵܹõ˵İ
ܹ֮ڣȫΪľҪһĥľ׼ڲκδ۵ɱٶȿܻһЩȴ԰ȫ
Ρһ˳ֺľʶԭƻУѾ׼ٶȸɵˣ£ǵò˲䱻ɱĿԼ
֪ķ򣡡ǴţسŹľڳȥ
࣬Щ޴Ĺľľ˵Ĳٿ֮£Ȼһ㣬ǽŹûע£һЩľ֦Ҷ֫ȽŰסȻļ֦
һ䵶ҵĻţ֮н֯Щľ֦ҶնϣǱݡ
ΡСˣһ˵֪ķ򣬱׼Ҫ˻ԸˣæǳȥԶһ˵ľ˶ˣǻᱻʱɱ
Ψһûжߣվľ˵ʬԱߣֳı顣
СɱľˣʬһڵϣĻǻðݳƺĳǣ͵ط죬Ѹٳһȥ
ԭּʿҲǻۣõһ
ôһطȴЩͬݳ󣬾ȻɼĿͣ·ѾûԼʶĳǣֱĳǿ˱ȥһգ۱㲻ټ
ʶſظоľ˵֮⣬Ǹ򣬻˱꣬Ǹƺһ˱Ķţڸߡ
Ȼ䣬֮ǰ˵Ļˣ֣ҪΪҲѪڶʿԭ

ձ۾һЩϿ϶ǸλãֻǣЩҲֻܹĸӦָôһ㣬Ѱľλá
о˼ʱǱľ˺ǵսѾˡ
֪ǲΪСʵǿԵʣЩľ˹ϵط˶ǵ׷ɱק³Źľȥ
һһľס˲ֻҪľһ¾ͻᱻŤϲ
ΡСˣƺֻǵǻõ£·ѾǷˡ
ľѸٳˣϵľȻڹľ֣һڼյУҲȻһε
СεˣڷѾԷкȻˣ£µƺѾעˡ
ľǵɲСӣռĴȣСε˲ϵ£Ҳ޿κΣˣؿ±ߣҲΡ
ݣ
һһ֦ͻȻ֮зݹЩ֦Ťţʧ֮£˲˫ϡ
һɴϮ͵һΣڵϡ
һ֦˫ϣ͵ؽҲקľУڡɳɳдԶȥ
ľ͵Ϯˣ
ãǱСƳһּۣյеľˣ
һȺСȥǣæż߳ˣֻһ㶣Ҳ߳
ΡЩԥûϹƺǶʧ
ɳɳɳɳɳ
ӱ֦סڵϻţܿأЩľ֮䣬Ҳ˱ľ¡
ˣץСʲôһľһͣߵֻһ΢֮ʿûˣ˷ʲô
ֽǼץץһһ;ûУˣʲôأһľҲѵ
һֻץŲڼ֦λˣЩɱҵܵܣҪǵһһɱСֻǿʼ
£֮ǰǸľ˺ߵ
Ϊҵܱܵ𣬾ҵ£ҧ֦֦ԽԽҲԽԽ
һ£ľȻؿûһ˿ֻǶһ˿ԳļЦԭȻΪԼܻбȵϣû뵽קľȻǼգΪԼʵʵĻоЦ
ſңſңûصģֲܵɱģļմ󺰴Уһؾʧ롣
ֻҪЩһģСӣֻǿʼ壬˫Ѫ졣
͵һקֱӷֱֱȥ
֪ͣǷƫˣӦ÷ļգ;ʱͻȻƫһξ룬ǳµһľ˷ȥ
ľüͷһˣǲǱͿˣô˳߳ˣô˵ţľͻȻ֣ƺҪץסսӵǱȥ
ͣ
䲻ģһ׹⼤ĻͻȻӼֱ֮зݳ˲䵽޷һľ˵ϣ֮һţȻľ˷ǺҽС
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ľ˵У˾޴УѪ죬ڶʱɱеˮַ·𶼱ˡ
ɣ˾һҪ֦ҪѼȥ
ͣ
һƻ渲Ǽ͵֦֦ϱճɻҽһ̲ס³һѪ
ϵڡʥ֮±ոɾһѾԣһƻϲƵ֦ϷһȦϵĽҲˡ
ôһľҲֻ츳ͨˣˣڲûбĽЩ֦Ҷʥ𡱷ոɾµָ˻
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ߣһľ˴ȣһٱɣ⼸ѾˣգһҲˣԼһ롣
һֻСѾ֣ݺݵһţ˶ԼյСӣҶҪǧУ
һͷľУЩľһѸʧǵӰһľУٶϼӿ죬ҪȻС׷ٶȿࡣ
û°ɣСһΪʲôôСģȻץסˣ
𣿡ЦЦվһֽţϾҲǺúõ𣿺ٺ٣ǼǲҲߵ
㾹Ȼû£ԶκҲˣһؿżգǾȵģ
ʼ磬Цû˵ʲô
лл㡣½ãƽϢһĿָм֮顣
ңԭƽΪϸ΢ı仯Եú㣬֫ҶƤ𪣬ôվǶлһζ
£û°ɣڨڨЦЩ˼
ɫһ䣬͵һߣ˵ͬ۹ã
θˣ֪˵ʲôá
ңްðվ𣿡ü΢壬£һʵ
һһ£ҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ǳǲֲִ֣ʲôѣܹ˳ִȵĻȻԥҪðΣգǾˡƺһ૵˭ҲвĶȥ
ѽһȳһյǣЦ˹Ȱ˵ǲҪִⷽʲôֻҪǵùͬĿľˡ
ʲô򣿡С÷ϻ
ɡǵ˵ͷҲûϢֱǰ·ֻһЩ컨ݵʱ򣬻ȡһЩֱӷãȻϵƱԵصõƣкܿת
СΡˣ;ҵ˲Ŀʯһ󼧳ԡʥ𡱽Щʯǵ֮УȻҲһЩô
¡Ƿּд֮ͨҲԵüΪľϲҲԼѰһЩʯüմΪȻȻģҲ׳һЩô
£֪ǲҪ𼧳յԵʣȻһڤʯ˼Ϊ͡
ڤʯǼΪϡĿʯ磬һڤʯмУóȡԪġ
ڤʯƵڶҪ֮һ뵽֮󣬻лһڤʯ֮ڹʱ򣬻ḻ깥Ч
ߣһƢĸ֪ἱ½ӰһЩؼͻ꼼ͷš
ΪˣڤʯԵҲ֪ǴʲôطģȻڤʯΪ˳ֻͣΪüհһ֮С
ȻҲΪ󣬵Ǻڤʯȣȴ̫ˡ
ûлѶپֻɣáʥ𡱵¡лȡ˼ʺĿʯһһҫ֮УǵһҫԴʹԭ͵ĳһء
ϧĿʯ֮⣬̷߲ʺ֥֭ϡ滨ԼƺͻƵһˡ
⻹δء
ĳһ졣
쿴ͻȻָϣһϲ
̧ͷһһ޴Уһ͵Щ֮з֮һ㱻ֽ⣬˿˿֮ɢ磬ҲԽԽ


530 ͻ
һξĺϷҡ죬ӨˮзɽĵǣУһۿɼɵģȴĿͣûʶ
תЩɵƲһ˺ѳƬΪһ˿˿һƴһʧԭҲʼ¶ݡ

վԶļգǲɵһЦݣνĨɱ꣬Ϣһͻ
ڵĳξǺΧѾվ˲ˣħͱЩɢڸ䣬ѪϺͼѪǿߣۼһȫһȻĬĬصȺʲô
Զɢس塢塢ľȵҵ壬ЩеĻ˺ۣеȱ첲ȣҲеľɷ
ɱڶ࣬Ҳ٣лþ޴ôҲѰ·;У˶һľ
պСһˣïܵĹľУûмȻΡơǡ˸ǵʹͷ±˷ټ
в⣬ΪʲôҪôҲûжʣֻǺСվһ͸һƬƬŽҶķ϶ע
ӦҪô룿ŤһԵСճ̫ԶҪҪ߽һ㣿һιʲôҪǲѯʣ涨ȻԿ
̫ܿСҡͷС΢΢¶ףһţڼͷڽ֮ǰһΪҵɱ¾ĻΣգУǲٹߣٹ죬ۼ˻ࡣ
Сʱ򣬼עԶһĿ͵꣬һһУӦ򣬻мҵսš
Ϊʲôңڼԣ£˵һ䣺ԭҪðյġ
ûȥ£һ£ұҲδ㣬ֻǱͻȻ͵ϮһʱֲקԣҷӦʱѾȫľˣҾ㣬ֻϣʱиӭжѡ
˵ʵΡС˷ҲûдҪ£ֻǱ˸͵ϮˣΪԼĴмֱϣŽ¾ȼʱϣܹԸľ塣
һУȫȻǳİΣǡ
̹ףе˱һױһסͷԥһ£Сһ㣬пܵĻҲҪ̫ԶΣգܴȵĻȻ㡣
ŶлˡЦЦĵŮ˻ǲ֪֪ͼвδµĻϣΪܹԼİ
СһһڼյԣȻҲһֻüͷĵСһأľжԿʲôͰ
ڹľУպͻСһһֱĬĬصȺţȺı仯
һμ䣬ʱҴҹȥ˴Ӹ֣ڳΧľУڣʯʱʱܹӰһţʵ΢ߣĽԼټǱ뱻˷֡
Ѫ塢ħЩʵǿߣȴ¶ټվǺ˽ڰۼ׼Ӧ䡣
СǶѾ֪ھۼ㹻ԺҪһ̣һȡȫֽɴˣͻ̶еǿ
ȻΪģĴųѸɢ˷죬γۡ
֮УЩĴųɢһЩ־䣬һԭƽ͵ˣЩų֮£бɥʧǣặηعԵˣ˻ѣΪĶ
һϴܹģԽ֮мվǳܲסһεϴ񣬲ܹ᳹ʧȥңΪֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺ
ϴ棬Ǿ߾һܹܹȥС˵֮ʿϴ¶п䣬ϴ£־ʧ̫࣬ʵߡ
ôһεðսһѣ߻ΪɱߣЩһһɱȻЩ߻ɱһ˲ʣ
С˵ʱɫѿֳ֮˿ֻ֮ɫ·µ
ˣһȴѪЩд
һ̣˶תٶһʮֻԭȻЩģ͵رþӲԶԶȥ·𽫺ڵĺˮȫˡ
ڼصĺˮĸ£ûгٻȻתٶȸˣһӨˮ߲ʵŤʵ硣
ˮɽУǺڴӴĴκվڸˣʵظоһɴӰ졣
һɫĹ⻷ڷݳ糱ˮһ˷ӿ
û˭ܹѣǵɫĹ⻷һ˲˷ԲһڳԶ죬ֻҪ֮ߣһӱܲȫǵɫĹ⻷סصĴǹ⻷ͷſԲķʽʼӰˡ
仯˿죬˵Ѹͣһ֮£仯Ѿ˲
һ̣˶ɫ㯣ԭеƣɢɫ㣬һ飬ƺڱĳıӣı꣬ıһУ
ܹһѣ
շصͯ꣬صʱ޸ĸȻʱ⣬ʱûԪǼһֱϵӵܣүүֵܵ裬ᣬֲ׵ļšݱ䡣
ʹļһظţĽкɽ»صţڿտɽƮûҲûǡ
һδεԪһʧܣùüʧʦʱıܣ᲻£һľţڼĶر¶
֪˶á
Ȼָ峺һԵ¡
ºһؿΣȵʲô
εͷϴΣյϢͷɢһΪ졣
ɱСеı⽣һչһĺ²Ѿ־ʧˣɱɱǣ
̧ͷľ־ĿܣϣѾκεĸɫʣͬʱϵϢҲ˱仯ԽԽҰ³һ
군ˣǲͲҪ˼ʲôˡСȵ
ɫһƺ¶˾ġ
վ͸ǰŽҶԶںһпѪȵսݣܶһľȻߣʼعˣܶ⧲ߣ˲䱻նɱˡ


531 ɱ
ûܹѣֻҪǴߣҪܵⳡսĲϴ
עһ£ų־ʧߵȷ٣Ȼ΢֮ʿбһ֮ΪߣֻһˣƺΪ֪Ҳ־ʧˣؿʼˡ
ǱΪʿ֮ʵ̫ûֻ֣꼫Ϊǿռյĸоź֮ʿ൱ʵ
һĸ̧֮䣬һޱȵĺУЩӨıΪĳ˷䣬ֶܵѪħһ嶼Զܵ
׶䣬ѪһǱӦά˹ɫȻϵߺţЩ˿Щ
֪ʲôԭһȺƺ²˺֣ŮԵ䲻ϵţͼԸԱߵıɱ֣Щȴԥٳٲܹɱ֡
ôһıֱ˳ӯʱɱˣڵıӨҺţƣ±׶ӵ䣬ĺУĵĺ磬˶ɡ
Ѫħһĸ֣һѣòȫӦʧȥǵıˡ
Ĺľԡʯ֡УҲĽսһĲҽУһĿ͵Ļɵ꣬ӸݳջΪеһ
һעдĴԽӾˣǴ˵Ӱƺδʹ˽ڽսУԭȲӰߣҲʼˣڴǿ֮£˿ʼ÷
ѪħһߣһҲʼмʧȥ־ɱб
Ѫħһߵĸ֣侲ֻҪһ˳ܲסֻҪôһͷԥسնɱ
Ѫ磬ߵΣδȼ㱻ˮˣˣ鷴Ϊƽġ
վڹľУۿǰı仯δ̫Ե״
Сơ˶Ըһ׾ٵ飬Ҫ
ǰһһ۵ףȻע֮ȴı˿
ΪСˣȻδɵΣ
Ϣط֮ƺʵеǱҲ߷˳˶ܹԪ£ͻȻǿȻò׶Ը
Сı⽣ݺݵشϺǱӨĺ֮£ϵ˿ڶϡ
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ҲҪ飬ҪȫɱСȻеķߣʵòе˻ܹ࣬ڶʱ佫ȥùĽԼ
СЧĽ£ơ²飬ĸŮ˽Χ룬һը
£ڶԴεʱ򣬳ֺǶ֪ǲǼɺ֮ǰûн
Ůȫ֮󣬵ǲСӣһը֮εǧٿףϣΪ֮еһƴ
ߣٴη仯ˡκСһԼΪ˵䡣
עһ㣬ԣкܶߣѡ
ţҶСģǧЩ߲סˡСһЩעӹľ˳
ʱ֮еĴųԽԽǿңɵĹδ͸ԶԶȥȻãȻż˾޵Ĺ
ڴųǿȻ䵭˿ҪţҪǺƾʧһ㡣
塢ľ塢ͱĸ֣ƺҲʶ˱仯ʼ׷״Աߵ䴦˳һߺߵķɱţһѸٳķȥһٶӿ졣
Ǹ֮ʿʵĸ֣ձŮŮһźסǷߣױˣ֮һһͿǷ߿ʮ顣
ߺ󣬿ҲˣһһӿС
жƺԤʾѾˣԶѪħһ壬ڱ֮ҲʼæǶѸٵʧ١
죡Сȵ
ӭͷһķߣͻȻ䲻ðѪ߰ߣֻ۾Ѫͫһһɹƻĵ͵شֻ۾зƺһֻ۾ֱӶӣɫͣͻȻͣ
ķߣ֮Ϊ츳ͨڣڷ֮Ҳǿˣǵֻ۾ƶס֮󣬼ֻһ˲䣬㵽Ƶԡ
ԱߵСﷴӦƱ㱻ڵĵâУؿʻһųһѪ
ػ֮ڴǴ״͵ؼең
С˿һֿۣ˿ðķߣԥسǰȥ
รɡɫĮһļЦȻߴԵļգߣٳٵĻǱˣ
ĮȻͷңңһۣε̾Ϣһ£ȥ
߶סĸϮ֮£ǶĲҽһӣĽȻֹȻǱˡ
һľȻбѪߣϵӿҪس;˹
СǰĶǼֻ΢֮ķߣ˵ȫ£Щֻ΢֮ĲбѪߣ˸ˣڼյԣĵذＧսһЩС鷳
ûг֣еļһ·ŻСˣ˳˳֮ǰŮ֮֮С
һͷתˮеŷʲô֮Ĵת֮һƬʲôСˣƺִʧˡ
Ժ֮еһ˿̫¼ķԼ侲ž֮ˮһ㲻һ˿ĬĬظţԵı仯
ϵ³ƺڳǺӿȥ³ٶԽԽ죬嶼ƺܲסеˮѹˣʹ
״֮£֪̲ס仯һ֣ʹϵۼ׺ͼֳһЩ
һ仯ֲʸϾʧˣӴѹ֮£ѾðȻˣκѣθС
ֻǣɿԵ״ֻܸоԼ𽥵³Ǻ룬벻֪
Ҳ֪˶ãڽ̤ʵأâֳ˫ӦһԵľȻϱ۵ĳˡ


532 ʶ
룬ϲ죬²ŵأ˷ˮ͵طţƵۻңһ˿˿һʹâΧзݳעĵش
ЩעĹâƺ̲ʹش۸ӣƺˮһӿš
ĵصûˮֻǡ顱ðݣһСȵµˮҲŴСȵתԣƵ
Щ飬һ鲼ÿһ򣬴зһ㣬СֻȭͷСˮ֮ƶţеĺܿ죬еĺûйɵ˶ţǹ졣
վشվţһĸ֣ħһ塢塢Ѫ塢塢ľ塢壬ʿˮڡ
У˶ڻ״̬ƺδ֮ǰת֮ѹ
ԣԽԽþԺ֮˾κˡ
һĪ鲼ÿһ䣬˾˾üΪϤȥһȻʣԼʲôطʶƵĳˡ
Ԫڣ
Ԫ֮ҲǷԪУȫһƵЩ̬СȣԪÿһ䣬Ҳһ㡣
ĳԪĳô߰˳ɵƣ
ȵĵط
ΪʲôΪʲôĳԪڵôƣѵ˵֮ʲôϵ
ͻȻ̲סҪԪȡҪԪһ̶֮Укı֡
ȻôҪʵʩʱԥˡ
ϲԣΧĸǿ̫࣬£Ԫʲô֣Ϊʸ֮ġ
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ûȡԪ飬ȻؿܣڰѰСһ˵ټ
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ֻһѪǿߣĴһУֻĥһСѪǿʳ֮һɼΪȻ֮зݳѪ
ʱѪǿ֮߱ʧ·׽ûͷҶʣˡ
һһʼδԤϵյȻɫϿʼСЩϵˮ֮תʮֵע»ᱻЩûˡ
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Ѫ֮⣬Ǳĸ֣ѪתʱڶֽЩѪĸһһӻ֮нѡ
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֮⣬ܹѸ߱㲻ˡ
ԶѪϣȼߣڻ˵ʱҲע֮еıߡ
ЩУԽѵˣԽӦһУھԪ걻Ƶ£ߵҪȻ߶Ȼǿϲ١
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ǿһ㶣һ˿ŭƺں޼յĲ֣һƺ׼֡
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͵һ䣬Ȼ˼գצһ˲סֱֱȣοסգૣߣףҪ뿪ҡ
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һûҵҵһֵ㣬ǻߣҲ֪СʲôطյЩΣЦһƽĽ͡
Ŷ˵ͷȽΣգǶҲȽСҵ˵Ϥ
áղ֪˵ʲô
Ǹ˺ߣͻȻոյ飬㲻׼С˵ɱ㣡
ʲô飿װɵ
𣿡𣬶ݺݵҪںģھɱˣ˵ҾԲŹ㣡
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ݺݵصƺҪѹһͷһɫ䵭ƺҪַͨ·ͼԶ롣
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֮괫һ֮ͫе˲ûˣȭͷС͸壬ּнƺ֪ϢѾȥһ


533 ȸں
˷ȫִСȵУЩвǾֹġ
෴ǲ˶˶Ļûκιɿԣ޴ӰգƫƫЩƺ̲ĳµԽһ˵˲ȥ
Ǹľĸ֣δյˣֻǱһССؿڣ㵱ˣɼЩĹ֮ˡ
̫СҧһɫȵǵҪСΪСǰڳҧгݵҲһԵƲ㣬˾ǿЦ
СãӦ֪İɣһľɭȻЦ˿Ǹľͬط˹죬Щ޴ڣ̲˭Ҳ֪ȻЩ֮УҲпͻƾֻûܹȷò˲ԣôٺ٣ԵĶ󡣡
Сɫһ䣬ŭĵΪˣ
Ҳѽһľ˴ˣȻΣռ󣬲ҲЩżĺô˵ãܹøأԲԣ
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Ҫڻȷϣ˹
Щľ˺ļһҪץǣ֮УѰЩԽõº֮ǰͲһ㱻ץؿһûҲûг
ˣѾȫ˹ȷ϶ԷȻ侲кһ˫ʵ˼ŸζԵС
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534 Ĳǹģ
ŮСˣ嵽Ƕ֮ӲֹסƣۣȴҽС
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죬е֮Դ߷ڵǱʺߵ
֮͸ԣı֮еԣӦеһУܹеõô
ãСһȻӹµµһתǱŮûзӦ֮ǰæֳȥ
ľˣҲɵˣٴνС
Զ׷˵ħһļǿߣƺע⵽Ķ粻ųǿħͻȻı˷򣬳Żڵ
СˣȻӦǻڵħһȻʺϡ
ħ쳣󣬶ԵüΪ˷ܣ߳ʱѾˣʼǰ׼ӦеĻ֮
գҲʺˣҪ˻ᣡС֮ǰһ䡣
С˵ʱѾ˻ڵԱߣֻԥһ£ڡʥ֮һͷڡ
һ÷·һ¯ŨĻ֮羫һţһʻðݵĻ֮תתһƻ֮ڡ
֮ڹϮ£꺣ȷҲ˻𺣣ԴʹֻǼһͻȻ˹ȥ
֮УǡʥѾȫҲһˡ
һ֮еĻԼʵʱЩĻƺ꽻ʲôǡʥ𡱵׷ײϡ
ЩС飬ã罿޵ĻıǿУڣſĿУһһ˽ڡ
ڲ֪䣬ͨ죬ڷ·ȼճ˻¯Щȫġʥ𡱣ǳĳҺ壬һ澫š
Ѿ˵Ժ֮еġܹžӡƺˣЩڼ֮еġܹž·ĳʼ壬աܹžĹתڵ
֪ǲЩеĻЧԭĽһرͨˣڻجج䣬·ˡܹž˵Ļ塣
֮е̫¼Ҳʱð̫¼ԶҳֻɬѶķɢΪǹɢ꺣֮УЩӿ꺣֮е֮ڡ
У·࣬꺣һӿ̫ϡŹֵЩڲϵر仯䶯ţԽԽŹ֡
꺣֮УȻҲγһ̫¼ǹڡܹžĻЩӿ꺣֮ееһһ꺣֮е
ûתһȦ֮Ľϱһ֣ҲʼϴӱڻʶҲΪһ֡
걻ϴˣ֮ϵġʥƺڷ΢ı仯һͻأȴʵʵڷš
ͻȻ֮һֵжԵĻĴڣħϢҿ϶
˫ľ֮ȴˣо֮Щ֮ϵġʥı仯ƺһӴ뿪ˡ
ʱħϵϢʧˡ
һνľ磬ͻȻһƺԴţųҲǻ죬Ժ֮дڵĳƺͬͬԴ
һ޷־ʹ֮£峯һųҽų˸סˡ
ĸоӿͷȻʴĵĳƺҲˡ

ȴˣô£һˣյǱŮԣؿǰһŹֵħƺƺѾûϢˡ
ΪȵıŮ죬ͷǸмյˣ֮жħ˹Ĺ֮£ħѾɱˡ
ôܣɫ䣬еħſ֮ʿΪǸ࣬ȴֻ΢֮Ϊôܣ
粻Ǻʵ׼ȷȺһмҪǼһΪҸոջô󷽣ȻԸ뿪
һ㿴СءǸЩ˼ͷ
𣿡ȷĿк磬ҪСѶԸɱˣ
ʵڿСʲôط
ס죡ҪʲôܿŵˣŮ첻ͷ˵ӦúǱԵļһ
סҲҽˡ
ʱһ׷Сһ˵ıˣϵĻˣЩ˻Ѫ߰ߣƺովһս
Уż²СǸ侲֣ڷ²Уºľˣټ
ˣСŮĹƺƺЩơǸ׳˶ı󺺣СȵԣʵǳǿǵڱϵűǸ׽סˡ
ŶЩȣС˼ۣСĺ˼ѣСһƺüһ£ͻȻԭ̼ҵˣߣҾ֪
Ǹ͵Ǳ̼ңǴŭıСˣӦ̼ҵģ
Ǳ岻һǵĹȻܹﵽ۷壬Ҳûǵ츳ͨǶԻû̫ǿԣκεط뿪˼֮غʵȴӰ졣һ£ǱǸձɵ̼ңȴڣûҵ֮ǰκ˶׼뿪磬֪𣿡
ˡǴ󺺵ͷСʵô죿
ɱȻ֣ͷе̼ˣɱԺֻҪ̼ˣֱӶɱ˾ˣʾˣ
µͷ׼ˡ
ڴʱǸ̲˼պͻ˵ľ޴ţͻȻݣȻŮ˦˳ǸŮˣҧгݵ׷ɱǸеģеĻ쵰Ҫɱ㣡ҪʬΣ
ĲǹġеģޱȣǱĶء


535 Ƶ
У׻˿߽С׽źǱħһѪ壬Ҳ塢ĸ׼ñ˵̽ЩǻԵǳ
Ƕץ˵ʱȻɱҪսЩĴڵĴСȵ̲ž޴ɱȥ׷ɱ˵ʱԼҲһȺ
ʱδץĿ꣬ԼɣƷ
ЩУûк˵ģֻҪУҪһʱ̣ҪľΪĳ
һ飬²׼ձȵķԸСɱͻȻּպͻһǻзݳɻ׷ɱżգⳡһסˡ
һ£ȵɱ̼ˣ
²ŷӦæͷף
գǵڸʲôסСۿҪնɱƴڽʣһ˿ͻȻ
ţżղŵĻ͵ػͷһۿ˱µĶҧгݵص˼һۣڻͷСȥ
ڰ;һµĺ۹סȫ帲ǡ
ڻļգҲСһȣعͷǡɿǱסķռ˻ǷͼһƻţԵʲôĪ⡣
ﱳķͼȻ۸ȥˣȴز֮ڵϻ֮ƺˣЩ˵ʱ򣬻ſһ£һͻȻɴ˳ȥ
ɳϾȻƤ·߼ֱһģһȴԻƶɡ
ǻһ·нˮ֮оȻ治˲Ϣ͵˱Ǳߣ˱ԡ
ǰں󷽣ֻ䣬һСһĻߣʮָг˳ȥЩһһԶԶȥһٶȼ죬ˮһš
£ɱɫһ䣬һǡ죬˫֮еĺһգһ⣬ˮ˲䵽˱ǰ
ƽƽƳȥˮһӾۼһˮУһ˿˿ĵۼֻЩˮʼᶳֻǼУǰˮγһʮɸߵıɽ
ɽӨ͸һĵĺھţһۿȥǱɽ֮з·һıǺΪɽṩԴԴĺ
ǴСһĻߣȫɽסƣһͷײǱɽϡ
ǴߣСߣ̼˱ɽУǱɽмǰУֻٶȳٻǧٱ
һְֻСľָ溮ļ⵶
һĿĹâ䲻ðֱǱµϣһնı£ǴĿĹâƺԻ־һնȻնˡ
һǿߵıˣȻɫҪȥɱһ
һĿǿ⣬Ȼǿߵĵֻۣȫסֻ۾ڹؼʱһǿ⣬ʱСʹСǱµϮɱ
ļգһ㣡ŭг˱ꡣ
ףһԣͻȻȥּƺˡ
СأȽе
أˡһ޴֮󣬼ͻȻð˳Ҳ֪ʱƶµģճ֮Ѿڱˡ
ǼٵģСģ
ˣڼճ֮ѾֹͣҽɢһŷΪһֵֻĲϵظٷɵģ֮Ӧôڵġ
ٺ٣ЦһץһӴ˱֮дǱһһ֮Уɫϱˡ
ȥһɣҲܹͻƵһҲ˵ءղЦţ֮е˱󣬽ӲԱߵһС
ȴˣңɫɷף㵸ؽš
üͷͷųһƺǺޱȣ;ʱƺˮʧһ룬͵ֳǺȻѾ˱µԡ
ҩ˱µ壬ӲܿƵı£ֱӳΪһ񣬾ˮ֮Уϱмִͣϲ֮ȡ
Ϊ˱ı£岻סˣϢҲʼڱȵһƺƺ
Сû°ɣСԣһץһơʥ𡱷ݳСһȦСϲıĽͱȫˡ
Ҹվһһǿߣ۾ѪɫɫθǱˣıˣڼɫʣʱָҪɱˣʱã;֡
ߣСһһ飡
СǰԻסǸʱСеı⽣һףһĽɳǱĸֺһԡ
รɡСôһ仰תͼջϡ
һ֣δüϲȻԶļѾɱ˹Щһɽе˲
һ֮󣬿ҲСһۣ߶вһеسԶȥ
䣡
δӳȥŨҵĻڿӿˮ֮ͻȻ֣Żӣ˸УĲҽУӻΪ̿ҲѸʧˡ
һӰǿӿˮֳ֮ħһĸ֡
ˣǱǰЩɱģһħǿߣһָСǣ
⼸׼Ҽպͻﱨˡ
һĶشСӻ䲻ðݳǸĴ֮УȻŨĺɫҺһаϢͷųҪ˶ˡ
Ĵ֮УѪɫظţѪ峤֮һѪˣʱЩѪˣֳĳɫ̫˷ܣǾĳ¡
С󣡡һǺɫͻȻһܵش֮в˼ա
գͻƵ֮ˣС͵ؿһ
Ҳ֪ҵȷ귢˱仯룬Ӧ̤磬һ֪к֮ճһ£Щȷ˵
ǻ޵УȷõĳЩ֮£꺣΢ı仯ƺҲŸһˡ
ֻǣһзڻجج֮䣬֮ȷֽĻﱧţδüӦӭ˻Ŀ׷ûʱȥȷǷͻƵ֮
ͻƵ֮ˣ
ɫ죬ðôһͷ


536 澳
΢̡⡢ͨ񡢻磬ʮʿ־磬ÿһ磬ͻһµأöͨ
Щ˵بÿһ˶ЩĲֻ֮ͬЩ̤һ¾ʿڳʱ֮󣬲ܹ򵽲֮ͬ
ȻָԽʱ䡣
һŻ֮У֪Լƺĳֱ仯ֱ仯˵ģȴҿ϶Ͼ֮ɲǿ̤ġ
С۷ףһյĺ֪ģ޺޵صһۣ꺣֮УǲǶһӡǣӡ֮УһƽĻڹţ
һȻȥ
Ȼ꺣֮УһԲεӡǣӡǱɣӡУ·һľӣÿһ֮Уľһعš
Կ϶һӡ֮ǰֵģ
ҵ꺣֮Уȷôһӡǣʲôվȵ
ǻӡѾʽ̤֮ˣζ㼸ˡС˺ߣ૵֪ʲôʺˣôʲô¶ܹ
ӡʲô;
ӡĴڣʹ㼴ʧˣһӡҲ𣬶ǻ׹ֻأſЯȫת֮֮⣡
Сǻ缶ĸ֣û˿ԳĨȥĻӡζżʹꡢȫȥõĻǧܹ̤֮֮ΪͶڣĻ֮֮ǰƿˣ
ˡյ˵ͷЦݵ
ҲҪǵãһˣ㲻ܹˣֻ֮У㱻˸ɱˣôĻӡ㳹ʧˡҲ˵ӡĴڣζֻǱȱ˶һѡСȻһЦ֮ʿֻһֻصĻᣬ֮ʿȴжֻصĻᣬ֮ͨʿֻصĻᣡ
ǻ֮ʿأպʵ
֮ʿӡԶһ˵֮ʿѾ޵ˣзܹ֮ʿѹķ֮٣ּ޾ָ𣬾޾ٴξǶԴС̾˰
Ǹп𣿡ûСԳ֣ؿżգ㻹û𣿡
ǺǣҸ˵ͷءոЦ
ıȣ׼ԸģħһѪ˹ּͼաСվһ𣬱㿪ʼЩˡ
ѪϣǺɫΧţһ˴ҩһ˷ܡ
ħһļˣ󣬾ֱաСΧ룬ƺ֪Ѫ˷ʲôֻǽ˵˵
СģѪ峤ά˹һԱ˵㿪㿪
ôһĪ
ͻȻǺɫ֮ðһ̣Ǻ綾ߵӣϸȴٶȼ죬˲佫ǱᴩȻһӽǱק˺ɫС
һ̼䱻ɱ
ḷ́·һֱۣϵشǺɫ˷ıˡħѪˡ
Щƺԣݣȿֲ˵壬ܲס˲ᴩ
ֻһǼ䣬ˣѪˣħһˣɱˡ
һӴǺɫ֮бСһ·˺ɫУһûټ
ÿÿѪά˹ϵؾеҪÿ
Ѫϣ֮ḷ́ȴţ·ʲôá
ΧסЩħҲʼɢһԣһԾֵǺɫеά˹浽ʲô
ûʲôά˹˺ߣɺѪĳΧе˷֮Ȼˣ˶ܹоǵļȡ
һйŹ֣СһѪļһﲻûкô£һֱţУȻĳǵĶ
һСһǺɫѸݵشԶðݳֱǺɫȥ
һħڶܺɫϮʱ򣬲СһǻħȻһ˲˱飬ϵϢȫˡ
ףŮȾһͻȻϲ֮顣
һɫı棬Ƕɱħһţ˲Ǹ֮С
СҲ͵ϲ֮飬ͻȻһץס˼յֱۣ״εųʥ𡯣ųʥ𡯣Ҫİҽϣʱһѣ
ʲôֵؿҷųʥ𡯣ΪΣ
ô࣬㣡ˣС
üͷСǼеģ֪ӦòӦðȷС᲻Ầȷڷųʥ𡱻ʲô
죡ҲԵõôСٴδߴ١
һͷ¶˾ġ
һơʥ𡱺Ȼ֮ƵĻ֮У͵شԸӦԼġʥƺںʲô
ֻԭӦóźɫȥǸͻȻһͬĲƺĳˣħɱţȻż߷
úãŮȣǿϲ˷ܵĽ
Ů˵ˣСæеˣԡڤ桯һ֮ģǧñ˵ȥ
ڤ棿һСеĿɣ
С˵ͷһðս˵أΪˡڤ桯һûܹõζȻܹٴδˣֻҪһơڤ桯ͿͻƵ֮ҾԲŹᣡ
ҵģɨСһҧٴ⡣
˵֣ŮСȻ֮пܴڵġڤ桯֮ģȴðȻ֮УҲ֪ʲô
෴ڡʥ𡱵ĺ֮£ǡڤ桱ǶԼƺ֮ģȻ
һȴٶʼտ첻
ôһ˵һӱ
ڼպǺɫ֮䣬Ǹ̲Сڤ桱ΧѪ塢ħһ塢ĸֶڰţƺСʲôĳֿܻͻȻΣ
ͻȻһҵĲӼյڴ
ã
רʥ𡱵һҪȥѹڴ쳣Ԫ飬Ȼδ֣һֱڵԪ飬ȻðݳͷųĿĹ
Ԫ飡Ѫά˹һľôܣôܣ


537 ˣ
Ѫ峤ά˹һȣѼնһûϵѪά˹ȻҲ֪Ԫ飬ά˹ģ˽Ԫ飬ƺԪΪ壬Ҳ֪׾ʲô
Ԫ飡
Ԫ飡
Ԫ飡
Ѫ塢ˣһһг򼧳յʱ򣬶ľ
ճˡ
Щ˴С֣֪룬·˶֪ԪĴһ㡣
ԪһĿĹαųԪΪģԶеˮԪĹ֮£ƺһӾֹˡ
Ѫļϣھй󣬷ͻȻĳ£ά˹һкȣСӿ
׶ƸѪĳϣû˿ɣͻȻżճ
ŮȣֻһԥҲżտ£Уֳޱȵɫʡ
ʥŵļգĿԪݳͷţҪʶ֮סԪ飬ԪڣȴԪƺЩʹ
ԪôͷϵͷųĿĹΣٻԪ鶼ͷϲ
ԪУ˷֮⣬еĳ飬ƺĳ
ʥԾԽӹˣڴƺҲҪƿء
ԶǲСеġڤ桱ڡʥ𡱵ĺ£ҲһŲţľԽԽ
ԪĹâά˹һȵɱСӣ
׶ͷƸ˫ͽȻʳɫѪ˿֮ͫһͷųɺɫâ촽ϵһֳ˼磬Ѫ峤ϣͻȻԵޱȵֲӣѪĳϣƺѾѪ츳ͨʩչ˿
ôһطѪһܵڣԪܹȫʩչǴ߶ѪѪ츳߶ϵϢͻȻǿԼ䣬Ѿ˱ˡ
Сӣ߶ԪԪĹθ򣡡ǱŮȣȻԪеԽең֮룬Ҫ죡
ȵľУüһȻ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ôһȴǳԺ⡣
СģͻȻѡ
һ̣Ѫ׶ϣӰģ˲ûټ
ӰֳʱѾ˼յû˿ɣһŨѪۣ֮һȵѪ֮Ȼӵյĺġ
ɽǿ񱩵Ѫ֮ڼյȻ
񱩵Ѫ֮ӿ˽ȥյͻȻǰֱ壬ͷ󱳽ϵشǡĴëȻ
ģԪȴδΪյӱķɳȥȥԭͷϵԪ飬ĹâһȻֳͷ֮ϡ
군ˣһȣеСˣԪ飡
еıˣȫж˿һӨ˸ֻж˲佫Χġ
ޱȵĺһͷſڵƬ֣һʮɵľ޴򣬻ȻΡ
УӶãƺѾ
ȻԪΣȴ˿ܱӰ죬ӲǴӱ֮͸ķӡ
ȣ浱Ѫ岻壡׶ŭ
һ֮βϣۼҪץסˣͻȻݺݵײھ޴ı֮ϣײһѨ֮Ҳͣ
һϷƸһɱץסһ·ıˣָ͵شǱ壬һǱһŽûϢ
ά˹ɫؿűˣȴûг֣ǾؿǺɫ֪ڵȺʲô
ãȻΥ򣬱ǲɫһ䣬˪¹κѪ˵ܽ뼫֮أɣ
ߣһǵˣֻѪһңƸЦ
ӣˣĳ׹һŲԶһǿħȵ
ˡлӵħ˵ͷֵɵѪ壡
ħһĸ֣һӵϣ˲佫ǷƸΧ룬ȶ֣ҽҺţһǰĻ֮ȥͻȻһѾ޴Ļ޽
ӿǾ޴ޱȵĻ޽һӣһĻ񱼳ȥݺݵ˷Ƹϡ
Ƹһ٣ɺɫѪţǳɫڣǲбͶ񶾡
Ԫ飡Ԫص㣡׶Ԫ飬ħһ壬Ϊǵū
Ƹôһ˵ƺ΢΢ָ˵־شħһİΧ˳׶ˡ
꣡
׶³һѪѪˮаޣ˹
һѪڱϷɱȺͼһıһѪ֮´ĺƱֽһһѪڵһ㣬ڱ֮кȻը
䣡
ıըӱ֮дһ׶Ĵ䣬ǱͻȻ߽⣬̲ŵĺϢ䵽ˮ֮Уγ˱⣬ҵع
СˣŸոСشյԣЩı׶һ壬ӲòȫֻܹͣȳֵĴı׶
ά˹һЩѪĸ֣ΧŵǺɫ֪ǲΪձסаͻȻǿʢ˼֡
ֻԭżշݹȥǸС˼£ȻֳǺɫݹȥ
ｻңǶȥԮ׶ά˹ҧҧͻȻɭɭ´
һѪĸ֣ħһӵȫܲһѪ죬űħɱ˹ȥ
һƬң
ǣ
һ麮ѣļգ¶˳
Ѫ弸ˣһ¶һ˷ˣһ˵ֵħһȥץ
ħڼ֮غҽ̶֮УܽԼӳôһ򣬱ħ½
ǣڱħһ£
ˣܲħϵŨ֮ħҲܲ˱ϵĺֻҪһ˫ᱻԷƣȼ
Ѫƺ֪һ㣬Ը±ħ֡
ά˹δ֣׶ͷƸ˴ӵѪ֣㽫ħͱĹƸ
ΪħĵңѪҲܹóԸԽץס
ά˹ǺɫԱԥһ£ڰͲסӰһģҲսȦ˲Ϣ˼ԡ
ά˹˫б׺ݵѪ֮˸ţ͵ָ֣Ѫ쭳
ڴʱһֱ˫ļգͻȻ˫ûһ˿飬һɻͻȻڱ
һ̣Ȼ䣬ָָױͻֱۺͼĹǴһƬƬۼ׸˲


538 
ά˹˼ԣѪ츳ͨʩչ˲
ά˹ָзݳѪ乳һ͵ؿڼǰѪʵʻ
ϣ
Ӽյؿڴ·ݺݵڸϷտȻѣۼ¶һ˿˺ۡ
ά˹һһ˿ãƺɻΪʲôûظɻΪʲôûб˲ɱ
һ⣬ͻȻά˹Ժ֮ĳּĿ־壬·ͻȻ޷Ŵˡ
ά˹㯵ϣ͵ֳ壬ֻһͻȻɱһ壡壡
һ֮ά˹ڷӦ־Ҫ뿪ա
ڴʱͻȻɭȻһЦЦޱᡣ
綾ͷһݺݵά˹ǷޱȵָףһĻĹâ

Ƿָף޼᲻ݵ˲ƿά˹ţݺݵά˹ڡ
ֱһ
ά˹ͻȻǺѪܿƵشƴһά˹ֻʱˣ淢ء
ҪȴѪסĹ
壡
ǰСȻɫһĿҲǰһ
壡С壡ħһĻӣҲǼһĲš
ά˹ϣһѪĸ֣һѱסƲȵά˹ϣû°ɣ
ά˹ؽȫѪɫ԰ףͫ׶³ɫӴȲ˫صżգסصôܣôܣ֪֪һˣڳǱʱ;Ѫһ˲ͬû뵽û뵽Ȼˡ
׶ͷƸѪĳϣһշ˱仯Ҳȫסˡ
ɱСӣģά˹ϣһ֮ѪʿһͻȻ˳ȥ
׶С
Ϊʲô֮ʿµһά˹ϣΪʲôɱ
ɡά˹
ά˹ϣȹҪΪ㱨𡣡һ֮Ѫ֣е
㲻Ķ֡ά˹ЦȻһֳһĨɺɫ
ȻֻѾ˵ά˹ؿڵ˿Ѹϣҵؿ˼£Ϣŵһˣ
ά˹һһͻȻżչһǫ¹˹峤ά˹£ѪѺã֮ǰ飬²Ҫ⣬ŵٴ֮һܹŵٴ˵ĳͷ
ŵ٣ıȵһ壬Ϲﻹδȥô
ά˹ɨ˱һۣɱڵŵٴڳ˯ƾõôȥ
˵Ϲ͹彻սʱ򣬱ɱ𣿡૵
ߣά˹м͡
׶ͷƸѪĳϣά˹֮Ҳسżһҽܡ
ǵʽΪϣ·ܶûˣһЩѪˣЩ
ħһ壬Сˣɻ󣬿Ѫ壬֮ļգһʱ䲻֪Ǻˡ
ҲˣǶά˹ߵά˹ʲô
֮ǰ֮ðΪ㵱ͨˣǶԲ𡣡ά˹һǫϻ̳ϿֵѪ֮ǰԨԴ˵زʺ϶˵ŵٴˣ˵ʱͻĹϵ
壬㾹Ȼˣָ·˹ѹͨĸҪ㣬ԭ㾹Ȼģģһô㣡
ĸҹ㣿ά˹ôһ˵һʶĸ
ոԻˣԺҳһƬԼı仯Լд½ľ˵Ͽ˵˵
ֻӵѪˣſʩչΪΪµһ壬Զܹ
Ͽ˵һԺ֮иֳ
ֱ̯֣ϵۼףָ絶ָףȻԸϣȴ֪Լı仯ԺѲϵ
£Ұ¹˹Ĺŵٴ˻ܹĸĽ̻壬Ұ¹˹ԲҺ㣡ά˹һϿңӣһҪңҰ¹˹վһ𣡡
ѪĹ
ѪĹϵҳͨĸΪԪ飬Ϊ˵õԼΣʵ
ɫ粻ҳһţ֪Ӧ˭
ڴʱħͱˣǿа˾
ڱȵһ֮£˿ʼ֣ħĻҲûгɣַԲᰲģСã
ħһĸ֣ڱȺͻӵ֮£תìͷͻȻĿꡣ
ά˹һĸ֪Ұ¹˹ؽ壡
ʲôס׶ͷƸˣҲһ
Ȼڰ¹˹Уֻά˹׶Ƹϣ֪Ѫ֮ԨԴЩʵѷһѪˣѹͲ֪ôһ¡
һʼǶֱһг˹˭ǵˣ˭ҪĶ
һʱ䣬еѪˣΧģһȻ
ά˹׶ƸϣΣΧסȻ䱦һסħͱ˺ˡ
մˡ
ҪɱѪ壬ʱʼոձıħһĸ֣Դ
Сˣʱһҧгݵģʱɺޡ
ĵôһ£
һ飬Ѿ֪Ӧ˭ˣվǶһֱű̬֮ڵ߷һֻСʥԾ
Ѿκˣ
Ѫ壬ħһ壬߱Сɵ˿κֻҪҪԸ̬س֡
Ѫħ壬ûĿʼٴν棬ѪǿƣǱħ֣ҲԳѪɵķȦ
ѪƺҪһֱŵά˹׶ƸѪĳϣľܾãȴĲ֣Сؿħͱ˸ӽˡ
սٴα
û֮£ԪеĺɫΣ֪䣬ѾĹâÿһ䡣
ǺɫԪе
սŵ˫ûע⵽ǺɫѾڲ֪䷢˱仯ǺɫֹͣһаǺɫ֮нƺ𽥵ǿ
һ̲ˡڤ桱ԪĹâ֮Ҳʼֹͣأһĵ棬¶˳Ƕš


539 ں
塢ħһ֣ȫѪп񹥣С˷ּܹ󣬲ٽѿһԹֳۣҪԸͼ
սݱĽš
ѪΧļգɫ˵˵˿Ѫ壬ҲСš
Ѫ壡
ά˹ѪĳϣδֶԸ෴Ľ䱦һħһϮɱˡ
ս˫ע˶ϣȴûע⵽ڲ֪Ǻɫ̲Сڤ桱ҲϢطű仯
Ǻɫֹͣĳа֮еǿţ̲Сڤ桱һֹͣһĵ¶Ƕ
ͻȻԪ֮дһӴ˱ջδӦѨ̲֮ŵľԪɽһ㣬ӿԪ顣
Ԫâʢ
⣬ԪΪ˳ȥ絴һӽΧ򳹵֡
ͬһʱ䣬ǺɫҲ˾ޱ䣡
һֲĹ־ٿ¶һžſڶһľ޿ڣ޿һƬڰ·Ҫе鶼ɡ
ҵ˱ֱħֵľ޿ںԪڱǿ͵˱ĺͻأȴޱȡ
ԶһСȵ˷ݹƺǿ˱Ӱˣֱħֵľ޿ںԪӿ롣
һǾ޿ںԪʧÿһУŻٵ
У׻
Ѫɫһ䣬ڷǺɫ˱仯֮ά˹˺һۣͬʱȵã
ħһĸ֣һѪ峤ϽкȣɫһϲȻ׵׷ʲô״ħһĸ֣ȴ֪Ѫ϶ʲô鷳
ڱȺͻӵ£ħѪĹˡ
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һڵľԪһ˲ȡһ̣һ˿òˡ
һħ־޿ںԪûƺ˵ʼѸʧ
Ѫ廹Ǳ壬ħһСˣԪ궼ʼԾ
˵ҲԼˣ
ֻǿ壬ʼ֮н֯ɫĺ⣬һشչ¶
ͨ겻κԼҵȫԴ߷ԭԽ츳ͨߣռĪˡ
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ħȻˣȴûһָ֮⡣
Ϊħ岻ڼյ֮·ݳǱԪڵӲȳģ
ʶƣھԪʧ֮꺣ɻԾ
ۿΧȫĻߣ˶Ǳڵ˵æȡҡһ£ĵİ׹ã͵شð˳նۿŹԾааĴˡ
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ܹСﶼҪ˼ʵİ׹ãȻ֮ʿôһļһվǿԲ̫ġ
׹òһһɱ֮ͻȻδӦ£ǡڤ桱ͻȻֳڵġʥ𡱳ȥ
ǡʥд˻ѶϢֻһŻ۳һţʥ𡱺ǡڤ桱ţγ̫ͼ״һɭ䣬һȡ
һĵϢѸӿģֻһ˪ֽŶӲľ
ıȣ͵ҧгݵģ޲Ҫոˡ
Сһڣֱˣ
ȺС֮ԻΪ֮šڤ桱˵ڤ桱ǿͻƵһСżҲΪʥ𡱶ԡڤ桱ٻ֮
ԭҪڼյԡʥΪǡڤ桱壬֪һְװױ˼գѪ˸λסļգʱڤ桱ӿˣֻҪڴȥķǡڤ桱ǿԱӡʥзġ
ܹڶʱڽӽգǡڤ桱͡ʥ𡱳׽һˣʱͨҲ޼ˡ
ϣôҲԤϲѪὫձ˱仯׽üˡ
Сҧҧڰ಻ס˶ѪΧɱС
ԶЩ֮ͬе塢ľ塢ȵȲͬĸ֣ڷԵʼܿƵӿԺҲӱķ˹һ졣
ɱѪ屣ǸСӣĴڣ᳹׻ȡ
Ǹңά˹ͬȣɫһһɨڵ֮дȥĻȫʵһ㣡
Ѫ屣СӣаˣеԪ飬ٵһС뿴֮еٵôǻڵ֮еıҪ֮ԻѪ壬ΪԸϣҲԹƻ
ЩһԥʱһĸֵͷǴڵĵԭûǺαڵ֮пȺô꣡
ֵָʾ£ڣЩľ塢廹бĸ֣ڲԥˡ
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սԻˡ
ĹսȦѪҲܹΪΪˣ˺ά˹Ҳòٴγ֡
˶ʼѪ壬ԱѪ屣ŵļգ
ʱ̣Ϊڤ桱ע룬˿˿Եûûһ˿Ԫõļյڣˡ
⻹ֻǡڤ桱д˱Ϣǡڤ桱ȫ
꣬ЩϢע֮£ʼ𽥽Ӳ˼ƺӲֹˡ
ͷϵԪ飬ȴͷɵĺ⣬ֺ֮£һСȵӿԪС
Ԫڵ磬Щԭϵһʼת
Ԫ磬һ䡣
ֻǣ˿Կ
ЩӿԪڵһԪڣϣЩûκε谭ĺԪһ塣
·ԭӦôԪһ
·ǴԪ뿪ģԪڣֻ¹λˡ


540 
緢˴䣬ԪڣһŹı仯
һԪ֮кԪڵƺٴα޿أԪڵĽһδοأ޾
һԪ֮ţڿٵÿһ룬Ԫ̲ŵͻǿʢһ֡
һУԪ˼նԲ
֮еĴСȵȻ࣬Ͼ޾ģһֱʧԪħ־޿֮ԶӿԽԽٵʱάʼˡ
κеˣԲʵı仯ЩǾԪʧˡ
ڲҵսУѪ彥֧ܶ΢֮Ѫ֣ЩΧɱߵĿը֮УˣһЩֱӵˡ
Ѫ己ѣÿһѪĸ֣µ֮вųģ¹˹ѪԱҲֻôһ򣬾ʮɱˡ
ά˹ϣһ޵ҧгݣ˫죬ȴ޼ƿʩ
֮ǰҲûԤϵûԤϵվȻԱΪ壬ͨĸŲǳĹϵ
һеһУûѡֻܹӲͷƤϡ
ΪΪ¹˹峤ϵ֪Ѫ֮ĽܹϵͨĸֻͨҪϺķѪ㣬֪ʱһѾ顣
£Ҫֲܼնˣͨĸ֪ǰ¹˹ǰɱô¹˹ؽӭ֮ѡ
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ֱħ־޿ںԪʧ֮ħͻȻٴα仯³ǺɫԪҲٺ죬Ҳڼյͷתš
ɫԪһƽȻ˷ȴ˲ĺ
ãױˣά˹ɫһ䣬̧ͷͷеǱ뿪
䣡
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һֱʧ֮ά̶ˣԤʾ̶Ҳûκεĵֵ֮
ڱħһ֮ڵĺˮܿƵӿ̶֮Уһһȵĺˮ׽̶
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ħЩͨ캣ˮУǽЩ˱ɭ亣ˮ֮УĵʼѸٻָ
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СͻˣҲУ
׹óףκεҿյˣһӽһΧΪ׹ùĿꡣ
΢֮ľˣ֣֮׹նɱ֮ЩΧɱļһϿʼС
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׹Ҳ֪ʲô·챦ɣô๥ĺɱ֮£ȻȻǰװĹͷϣһ˿Ѻ۶ûֳ
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׹ùǽһҶ֮ͫڵĹͻȻϨˣ̲ڰ׹֮еƺױľˡ

һָͷСѩ׷ɵԽ˰׹ãڼյĺģȴ·ڸ֮󣬱ϵۼ׸
Χɫһϲ֪׹õѾľˣǷˣһһ򼧳ա
һСӰ͵ԣС
СɫһϲҲ룬ȥץգ֮Уһ˿˿ãã·ϸ˿Ҫ뼧յ֮С
ͣ
һͨ棬䲻ðЩ֮ǰ֣еİճ
ʲôСɫһ䣬޺޵õ˺ôҿʲôûеõҪǵãҴʲôò
СߣһʻԷݳԶȥЩΧ֣ϻ֮¼æ˱ܣʱ򣬶ŭ
С㵱ҪΪУӦһΧɱߵļյħ壬عͷȻСһۡ
СʱһħæڶԸȹһĸ֣ûüȥֹСȻһ㱻С͵Ϯš
ΪʲôҪңһ߼գֵؿ˻һۡ
ѾͻƵ֮ȥѪϣǱıȣħĻ֮£ǿһˡ
塢塢ľЩȻ٣ȫ΢֮ĸ֣ûǿߣʱͦ
ֻǣȴ벻ףΪʲôؼʱ
Ҹˣ꣬ߵҪɱ㣡֮⣬κ˲׼㣡
𣿡СǶСϻһצ޺޵˭ġʥ֮ڣСռˣֻҪɱСڵġʥ𡯹㣬ǡڤ桯ңⲻǸո˵õ𣿡
СòޣǰͻѾԼˣ֪ﲻûôͻȻֵסβ
Ҹıˣ˺ߣмСֻ֮Ϊ㽫ҴķϣֻҪÿҲΪ㡣
ˣһˣ֪֪ʲôСֱֻҪٹһʱ䣬СӦˡڤ桯ǡڤ桯͡ʥ𡯳ںˣҾʲôò
ȻСô˵ﶼǲΪ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬һӴ֮ų͵شԪǺɫ֮дƽһٴβȶɫԪ鿿һЩˣɵ꾹ȻӲ˳ֱǺɫԪݳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǱļգͻȻЦˣЦɭᡣ


541 
ԪǺɫȻ䣬һľ塢塢ĸ֣ûκη걻Ӳ壬ԪǺɫ֮еһƴ
ͻı仯ܶ˶ɵˣһЩδˣҲ˲϶ԸˣԼӵһģֻһڼѾһˡ
Сͻһֵطݳȥ
ά˹ЩѪĸ֣һȻɫֻŵشӼԳˣĿУη֮⡣
̶̼ӵʱ䣬жʮĸ걻Ӳ룬˹ı仯úܶ˴Լյͷ
»ָ˹УԾŵĻǰ̫ͼ̬仯ţʥ𡱺ǡڤ桱μǺгڻתţһ˿˿ϢͷųһּΣյĸо
ĺ£СҪѪˣҧгݵӦˡڤ桯Ϣ֮㣬ˣ
ѾõҪˡﵭѾ֮ҪĿģѾˡ
أ
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룬ǿ̸̸ˡعҡһ׹ûΪһ׹ʧƽؿά˹Ǻɫôһ£
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ʲô֪
ԪУ㾹Ȼʲô֪
ʲô֪
ά˹Ĭˣɫ˫˸һ£ƺãֻһͷǵãҪԪ˺ɫ˺ɫ㽫ĺô
Ŷ϶һֹЦݣʲôĺô
˵˶࣬˵ŵٴˣһС
á
˵ĶԻδԪǺɫٴη䣬Ϊ͵˱ֱд˳Ԫͺɫдúܶһ׷Ծ֮顣
ԪѾԶˣϲƮƮɣϵĸо
֮ǰЩȡˣʱƯţɫ԰ףһ˿ûˣȻЩ˵겻طˡ
û꣬۶ôߣ·һ
Ԫͺɫٴα仯Ե˵꣬ЩǿԽԽˡ
Ѫά˹ϣɫѿ֮š
ݣˮд죬ֵ꣬ͻȻԴڳȥ˲ûԪ顣
ĸ֣ɫ˲԰ףķƺڱˡ
Ҳ֪˭жģֻһӰֱϷݹȥҲû˵ˡ
£ǲòˣά˹һֵ̿飬ѪҲﲻæˣֻпԼˡ߳ˣԵű˻ỽѹŵٴˣùŵٴ˽ɻ󡣡
ȼͬ⣬ά˹͵һɫѿˣߣȫ룡
ά˹ʱ걻壬׹˺ɫڡ
ıȺħһĻӶټˣ׷׾ֵߺţȥȥ
գһǵģߣС޺޵ؿһۣͷҲص뿪
ؿһȻˮһϸŤˮˮһ죬Ҳܿ첻Ӱ
ܿأټһˮУһȥˣֻʣһ˻·
ߣȴ᲻Ԫ顣
ԪȻ챦һҺѾ˽ܵϵԪڶǿ˱Ȼһֱǿȴ˿Ӱ죬Ȼ֪϶գȴǴðһˡ
ȷҲûһ֮Ƿ侲źԪϵ
һ꺣Ȼڣһ꺣еĻӡͻȻ貴Ŀ
Ժ֮еʶͷܿƵطݳβԪϣǼ䣬꾫ˮһӿԪڣԪõ꾫עٴκʢֻȭͷСԪ飬ٿһ
ȭͷСԪ飬ͷ­ô֮Ԫٶ𽥱죬ֻǼԪĥһСǼӣԪ緿һСˡ
ԪʹͬʱɫƺҲԵؿʼʮӺǺɫȻ˷ԲʮﷶΧðһ顱ݣԼ䣬һȻĻ󽥽¶
Ժ֮еľڱԪˡ
ѣθвϵĴԺ֮дھԪ;ȫľ˵屣ű̬֮⣬ѾҲûб̿ˡ
ڴʱ
ԪͻȻݳȥɽӿǺɫڣĿĹâͻȻǺɫ֮бĿ̵ļ۾ۡ
ɫٴ
ֻһϢ䣬ɫޱ޼ʣ·ضˡ
պħ嶼ںɫ֮С
·һ磬Ԫڵľǳƣ춼һЩһţֻ鲼Żǵÿһ䡣
УĿã磬һ֮⣬ֻܿΧĻܼȲߡ
ϣֽ¾ȻһԲЩԲɫ죬˸ɫĹΣЩԲϷС򱶵ĸɽˮֲﻨݡ
ǳ
һͷԺ֮иֳջȻһٴϸһԲ򣬷Բ֮С򱶵ľһ֮ӦеһС
Բ򲻼ܼģǾã·޾Զǳ֪ж١
Żֽţ߶
ûκѣ
һħԲǰУ޾ãУĿȫһǳЩǳ֪˶ôԶˣŨһ֮ӵеĴʡ
Ȼȴûκ
ŽӽһǳȴǳƺԶŬ֮гֵǳһԽľ롣

ķԶɻһȻһѼݵľ޴ƺҪֳ
ɫһ䣬շ죬ϵ¹
ããУһĿֲŤӣŤ֮䣬һſǳ飬ڻǵУǿֲڻţȫòżֳıɽһǣߣۼס
Ȼıɽһǣͱʥ޴˲֪ٱϣĿɿڴֱԼ۾
ǻþ
䣬Ӵ
ʲô
Ժ֮вϵظֳʣֻǺͬһ磬Ϊ֮ͷ
Ť䣬ʮǳ飬ʲô
ǳڵǳԻٵһУ


542 

ȷʵôˣ
ããУǲеӴ֮һǳ飬ԿԶʲôȻеǳΪ촷ۣʷС
ļ죬ûʱȥ룡
ǿֲĻ£ǳһһȥ޾֮еһд֮Ĩȥ˺ۼ
ܿأڣҲκһǳ
ǿֲŤӣ֣֮ǳΪ촷ۣ·֪˶ʱ䣬ƺʼ壬ѳ飬ĳһƬŵ
֮еǳƬ֮£ʼ飬һſµǳ۶ɡ
ǳۣһµֵˣЩǧٹ֣иָˣзݣԶ
޴ڵЩǳ֮£䵭ˣǳ֮Ͽʼɽʼ֡
ֲ֪˶ãһиԭˡ
ǳ˸ţﵮˣ䣬ƺǼϤ硣
ϵؼ١
Щµ֣һſǳ֮ϣʼеǿеѪ죬е츳ͨһЩﶮذ壬ϵҽ
µڽԽԽǿһЩܹӦֱ䷨б쾡µš
Уʱš
֪˶ãһЩΪǿ֣ĵزͶ䣬Щ־ȻҲӵ˻ǳ
Щǿߵϣһ⣬ǿֲϵϢ
ˣʱ·ͣˣããУҲûб仯
һеļգʼսֱ仯ĵףؼĳְƺѾˣڲ֪䣬ܹžƺԺ֮аһ֡
ڴʱͻȻӦԪϢ
ٱ䣡
Щǳˮоһ㣬һһʧϵڣһðšݡֳ
Ϥĳһһӳ
ͻȻ˹Ԫ֮ڣ
һɫԪţһ֮֮£Ǻɫе˳ɢϵÿһ֮ڡ
գǺɫ򣬶һ߲ʹΡ
һŹ͵߲ʹâֻһ߲ʹ뼧յԺ֮У꺣֮еĻӡڡ
̫¼ġڡ־߷׹֮У־У꺣ڿʼݻ֮ǰֱ仯ãȻ䣬꺣֮еĻӡ߲ʹΡ
Ԫеһͷųһ˿˿Ѽע֮ڣ֮֮µļգָԭ״ؽһС
ʱҴҡ
֪˶ã˫ͫ߲ʺ⣬꺣лӡɫ
磬һʼЩãĬĬ˼ʲô
УԺ֮вϵֳ㱼䣬·˺ܶ࣬ڵУ꺣ޱ޼ʣʶ仯䣬ÿһϸԸܵ
֪ʱڵѨӯ˾ԪʶһѨȻǸѨ֮ڣȻҲһСȵڡ
ЩתţѨ֮ڵľԪԽԽ·ÿһѨһԸ磬Ǹ֮УṩԴԴЩԻΪԪΪã
һٴαΪģ
ɭɭһۼףÿһƬۼ֮ϣĻƣԼԼ䣬ǿֲֵıɽһϵۼһģһЩĻȫһһ¡
ѪҺУһϢŨңһϢȻǿֲϵϢΪƣ
֪Լ巢˱仯ֱ֪仯˵϶ǼΪģǲ̫׵ôһ£
вŷҪ뿪ͷһ̣ˮ֮УԪ龲ǰ
һץԪʧС֮ϰңԪѪһΪһĸоȻ
һ̣ʶԪ岻ɷָһ֡
һµĸо·Ԫ࣬٣Ҳû֮ǰֲʸС
ףֱԪںϣ
֮ǰԪȻ֮Уȴһֱûĸоû߳һо
Ԫع壬ħȴԪ֮Уÿʱỵ̈оħԪڱעƺڲϵط΢ı仯
ɻƲɢûд𰸣һͻȻӳͷŵ٣
ʱȥҹŵʸˡ
ʶһһ磬˲Խ˺ˮ谭ֱڵ֮Ȼ
ڵķ·ħҽ̶Ǳļ֮ƺˣ߷·ںһȥããˮޱ޼ʡ

һ㶣ͻȻʶ仯
ʱ쿪ֻܹʮ֮ڵĳվϣȴԽ֮ڵľȫ۵ף
֪ԼǰȣѾͬˡ
ʶſвһһ꺣֮зӦʶϵ죬żԶ֮̽
ûһ˿
Ӧħͱûһڣ·ħȫˡ
оֻ֮һԥ㳯Ѫס֮طȥ߶ɳ۵ʱ򣬷Ѩ֮ڵһɿ
Ա֮ǰǧٶȣ˲ϢѪۼ֮أǱôڹű
һƬ档
űˣĿ꣬ƺ˼ΪֲսĿȫǵĹͶѵֲޱȵϡˡ
ûκˣѪ廹Щһ壬һʣ֪ȫ뿪ȫˡ
ʲô
ɻȴ֪˭ѯʣټһУƺֻʣһˣʶ֮
Ѱ磬ȴҲһˣħһƺҲһʧˡ
ŨƺҲʺˣڵԶҵ֮ھ뿪
ܿأҵʱǸͨҶҶѾˣƺ׷סˣסҶʯȻأȴѾѲˡ
Ϊ֮Ǽʮָָڻ䣬ЩסҶʯ綹һ㣬Ѹи֮׹·
ַҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ؼգǳ֮վˡ
ǳͻȻػĸоʶٴѰ磬һѰκε
֮£뿪ˡ
һǳֳԺ֮Ѹӹһ飬Լ²ԼԪ֮Ӧô˺ܶ꣬ҪȻ粻췭ظı仯
ǣ
С˵һ̼ڵǾڸ̱漿Ƕ˵СҲǶټСܹ֪һЩ𰸣֪Ѫ¹˹ȥ˺δѰܹ⿪ŵĹŵ١
һ£ѭС˵ǵķȥ


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УǰֻһߵǳעֻһЩǳ·;ĸ֣żָͣһ¾ԪȴӲᶺ̫á
ֱмǾþǲŽ˵мҵľӪ£ǵص׵һЩͺһģк񡢺裬ⶼⷨҪϡ
֮иǱǣһ˼֪ǵڿʯҲͲסеû뿪ɡ
мȴһޱмңǳӦǵ쳣ܹɭĵĿɿʯŷ˺񡢺裬ǾӪĽС
мҵĿľӪ£ϽЩһЩϵķбس˽ס
ǳϵı֣Ϊ˳ＯҪϣ᲻ԶǧǷεأܱЩӰΧǳϵĸʿǵǳ
һЩͬıʿʶĺôҲʼѰƫƧ֮ö֮ԽԽֻ࣬мôһˡ
ȻҲ˱ΪмȹΪмҵ±չģˣЩҪϳʿõмҵ׿ϣÿҪһԪ
ϣмΪһʿҪѭмҵĹ¡

мһڣͥŲɫƽع䵴š
зΪ˶Ĵ飬ֱΪʯҩ伮Ľ֮أÿһռذĶӰﲻĸֶ಻
дԹһ£ĸڵĸֵ̲СټңЩѰ˿յذ̯ǧˣ֮ؼľ˿ٵĽ׵أĹģʮֹ
ȺУ塢塢塢ľЩ壬塢塢塢칤Ȳ塣
޷֮󣬻ܻ壬һ㶼ɽ̫ͱ彻
һƤͷһۿȥ绯ǧĸʬûһˮ֣֮ڵĹͷ죬ǹ졣
Ů·󣬼һͻȻ˲֮ڵİ׹ãǰ׹һƤ͹߰˷֮
᲻ᣬǰ׹ñֱԹֵĹǼƶɣ̲סֳôһ
˰׹ãϲɶ˼ֹɫʣԴӰ׹Ժ㿪ʼǳһںеǺóУһֱûֹͣǺա
ֱҪӽǵʱֹɣ½׹÷ųȻְ׹ͫڹ˸һλָȫ
ԭ׹ľ֮󣬾Ȼͨķ»ָΪ֮һϲ
͹֮⣬Ҳ۾һ
ԭΪʵ̫Ưһ㣡
˻ŮˣĿ쳣ÿһ˷ųǶǵߵŮŮȻɴ߹ֻƳһŮñ棬Ŀ
Ů֮Աߵ塢ľ塢ĸ֣һĿѣԣ¶֮⣬һ꣬ǰڨȴŮԾܾ
ĴڸļȺεţȴûзһѪĸ֡
ά˹˵Ѫ֮ŴԨԴҸѪĸ֣ѯһ°¹˹״ϧԸΥһѰ֮һѪ嶼Ϊ֡
ټһУĸ࣬ǾŹ֮ʮ΢֮ĸ֣֮ǿȴһ
ڷεһȦʱûд㹺κƷһš硱ֵС̯λϣ̯λһĿߣ׷գܲڣϥǶһ
żһ˹һԪŻԻǵԷѯˣŻ᲻䲻ȵػشһ仰
ýϢ׬ȡԪһȺǶԼϢ;ڷڸ鶼֪һЩһЩķý֪ڱĴ¡
һԪý˫տżɽʵʲôбū
ýͫһضһȷм˺󣬲ŵһٿԪ
ղŭϲҪһٿԪ˵˶Ȼ֪ūôɵȡһٿԪˣȻ󾲾ؿ
ý΢΢¼Ļɫſȫס¶һ繵ūмҵһڻңÿһū꺣֮жһСͱūںһѾ˱ū꺣һ֣ū٣ܶƿѸͻƵʮ֮
ýԵýСĵضһΧȷûм˺󣬲ѹ˵мҴһ챦Ժ衢ۺʮֺϧƶɣлӡмҵ壬˵ӦǼ챦һͱūںϣūѸٽ׵ͬʱҲԶʧȥɣʶʧȥ
ÿһмҵĵϵӵܣСԺ֮бһӡӡʮΪףлмıϵ壬֮⣬ӡҪһ;Կýȵ
˵ӵӡмҵϵӵܣƿЩӵıūһ
˵ͷýмΪÿһϵӵ׼ӡȴΪЩϵϵӵ׼гһգЩϵӵߵľ֮ǵмңᱻųΪЩϵӵܵˣÿһмҵĵϵӵ֮ܳ󣬶ᱻ輸ūһգӡñūΪȥ֪ū꺣֮е֮󣬿γɾ޴ɱԸȡʱ䡣
ˡһл
Ǯġ
ǿѹеĵǣȡһԪݸͶʯ·ʵ֪Ѫ¹˹У֪֪ħһ壿
¹˹壿ýҡҡͷѪİ¹˹壬ٶʮǰһķϵǳϺͱ塢ħһ彻ս֮󣬾ͳʧˣ˵һսıʺħһսŵ٣˶ˣҲ֪ζս
һս󣬰¹˹ʧˣħһǳ뿪֮ûñͨĸˣƺͨĸˣҲ֪ʺûӳͨĸĶ֣ѣʡֻ֮ͨΪ֮ͨĸû˰ֻ·һˡ
ٶʮǰմſڣ϶Ƕٶʮǰ飿
ýˣɫһ䣺ڻϢ׼ȷԣ
Ǹֻǣֻ̫һЩտЦʱˣڲ֪䣬ȻԪôˡ
Ǹǳ뿪֮ǰǵ;Уһֱ꺣߲ʻӡְ壬꺣߲ʻӡ֮Уƺֹܻİ壬֮ǰԼ²⵽ԼͻƵ֮ˡ
꺣߲ʻӡУضʮͨ仯ÿһͨ仯ܹ͡žƣµУ֪ÿһͨ仯ĴڣȴеС
һʱ䣬꺣һֱű仯߲ʻӡʮֱ仯꺣ڲֳֻҪһϾͿʼЩ仯ϧֱҲһΪԭͨһСְ塣
⻹ڡڤ桱͡ʥ𡱵İ֮£ġ
ʮͨ仯ÿʮֿϽڳһָͨʮͨ仯ȫںˣγһָֻͨеһһ͸ˣ֪ʮͨںְܹ֪֮֮ͨĿֲ
ߣķýͻȻվϵŭδҲֱȥˡ
Էý˵˻Ϣ׼ȷԣĪ裬ɱ˶Ҫˬǲԭ¼ˣۼôǸһԲܿشⷻʧˡ
Ƿýʧ֮󣬼ʰһ׼Ҹммҵĵ̣ҪĿŵмô϶УҸмһĵϵ֣䵥ʱˣȻ̱漵䡣
ôţڷ߶ҪҸмҵϵֶ֡
һòӢмˣһѰճĿ꣬мԣʮߣ߶֮Ϊǵ꺣֮Уȴһ
Ȼʮߣ˵ıūΪڻҡ
мˣûм뿪УȻһֱڲظŮƺŮȤʼЦݣԶԶŮƺڴŮ⣬ļҲֻܹţаСӲҵ


544 
мһ꣬ʮ֮Ϊ˫ؼ亮мҵϵΪгɵһ࣬ԵūȻҲ֮ΪƵĺȴԶԶ
ͬΪ֮ڶ͸¶һɺ⣬Ƿ·ɱɣѾڵĺԵˣֻҪΪտӦߣмˡ
겻ظŮŮʼձһξ룬ļȺУŮһֱûע⵽
ٲ֮⣬ϢظҲĬĬشŮ
Ůɴӷж䵴ִŮƺҪѰĳ˫鶯ޱȵӡתţһ̯λתơ
ûѰҪƷʱŮʧŴӷ뿪ǵıȥ
һӷ뿪мҵϽԵū仰ūͷԷݳȥĸŮ
굹ûм֣ڷڹһȦȥ
հҲûūԣҪԸһʡȴٹһӷ뿪ӰȻģһٿʧˡ
ղż۾һ£Ѱ˺ķ򣬵õˡڤ桱ںΪУʶſһʧӰļ両ֳ
һչ˿ռ룬һŤĿռ䲨УͻȻڰ֮
ƣֳֺߣŮΧһɽݳȥɽһߣããɢγɭϣŮΧ
ԵūΧŮУūҲ˵ģ꺣жһūпҲꡣ
ɽˮ˿˿ƵðݳЩһɭһķ£¶ԽԽͣռ䶼ڡǡбŮҧأʱʱزɭΪ

ͻȻһȳ໥ƣһɳصĺڵĿռͶصĺƺǣסɽɭˮЩˮһ˲ûеĿռ䡣
ǣ
ըһƬռƺˣˮѸٽᶳγһķĴ飬ǱıϲϵսǱϽš
֮УռƺסˣŮǾʧ룬ϵʩչְ壬ȴԳǡ趯ԵԽԽӲȻǡӰ졣
ʱмҵŵЦݣɽԶһʯð̵ūԣͷɵò
ˡūһ⡣
˭ΪʲôãеһŮŭǷŭ״̬ȴö
ҽ䡣ЦЦ
䣡Ůһ޺޵˵㣬мһ֣ΪʲôҪԸãǸʶ㣡
֪Ǹʶҡ䳶˳ǣЦЦȴʶǣҹõáҹõˡҹõ¡ҹõ㣡
ʲôŮһ˿塣
ѰʲôٺһЦҺͼб겻һҶɫûʲôȤǲҪһǣֻҪ֪ڷеĿļɣֻҪʵ棬һǣһΪǵʧϵǸϺ񡣡
ֻѰһЩĲ϶ѣȴм˵Ĵ·񣿡һֱŮ˺ߣͷвǳϱ֪мôԴˣ֪뷨
ֻܹάְʱġˡһūͷѡ
˵ͷٹĨǣҾ˵ˣ˵ıͨĸ׷ɱ£ݳȥԼ⣬ԴͨĸġѴ󷨡мҵϢݵķǡҹΧˣҪ꺮֮н⣬ԼѾʵ֣ҪһЩĺϵرУ˵ҹ궼ĴѰһЩϵϧϣ֪Ƿͱʽйأ
޴£Ůն
ޡ仺ͷһ̾ӲʩչЩֶγԴǿе֪ˣԲסλСˡ
һĵĺдȥǺû谭ؽУһںһ飬·˲ǣ˱ŵıֻ֮һۿɼİ·һŮıǿ۾롣
ŮͻȻҶڶ㣬ڰļգŮ꺣֮Уעһƺ
꺣ʿΪ֮أ꺣ʹǧٱطӦˣʹ
Ů꺣ע뺮֮󣬽ķԽԽˣСŮȳܲסһ֮顣
䲻ΪĿŮװʹҹˣСòóʹģмУҹҲαذǱأֻҪʵ棬мұػлҹ壬ʮԪϣΣ
һвһջ˫£ЩֶΡ
ȴ壬ʲôطȴ֪ҹҧ۵㣬̲סСܿ࣬˵֪ܡ
ôأһȣÿҹ峤֮Ů˲֪ʵ䣬ɲ֪أޣһΪ̫ʴ˰ɣҪټӵϣ
Ĳֻ֪ڳϲ֪ɱңҲ֪ҹȻе㣬ŹСãҿΪţֻҪŹСãʲôΪ
Ҷ˵ˣҲɫջġ̾Ϣһ૵Ĳ֪ˣȻˣִֻݻˡ
̨鰡չһðȴûп䣬ֻĿѣԵؿŮСеŮãô˵̫ϧˣ̨ɫջȴûôߵľ磬ֻܺմָ̨ˡ
䣬һץһ޴צӰûǱ֮С
꣡
һǱ֮Ǳ˲䱬鿪Ůһ
ᡰıū׷׿Ѫɫ԰׵̱ڵأôһӣȫˡ


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˭ɫ΢䣬Ҳţֳū˸ơ
ūѪɫɷףɼƺȴȫվһǰ龯衣
ŮӱѳǷȻ
ףһŮһϲ㣬ûˣʩϵı֪֮ôѾˡ
ҹõתżллĴȡ
лʱҹõĵع۲żգԻнģлᳶ˳СãСúһ𣬳վ
ҹã֮ΪҲߣҪ֮ıūڣǻûޣվͼм䣬ûгκһ£
˭ٴοڡ
˭ҪҪһϧˣɷһӣ÷ŹˣЦЦƵǰȥ
üͷһ壬ֿյʵ磬ðգԥһ£ЦֵֻǶŮȤҿԷʮŮ֤ǴÿһɫѷɫãֵֻܽýңΣ
ŮҼˣȴƷҹ峤֮ŮãϡˡչЦ
ɫҹõݺݵص˼һۡ
ѣҪ£ɫӦԱһӦ֪ҵݣǣΪУǺмΪУɿˣ
̨һɫ⻰ɣմЦӰȻ롣
δ䷴Ӧһѽҹõ§뻳УͷҹõˣЦΪõмүôң
뻳һƢ˱Ƕҹõ֫ûһ˿׸⣬ֺü̲סһϷˡ
ôҶԣŹãҹõ˽һ鶯һȻҧ̸
㣡ҹõ㡢ҹõһе
ҪľѽչЦûпԱߵ䣬رһ°ɣ
ãããŭЦͷһơ
ūһ˳ȥڰããɭзݳҪո
ɨˡһز鲻Ըſҹõ㡢ҹõҲסõƴΪһ⳯Զȥ
׷ɱ䣬ҪǷҹ壬мұд鷳
ūһɳȥżʧķۣ䲢δ׷ԭڵȺʲô
һ߰ɭɭã䲻ԱߵһҺ߳ڡǡͻȻ䡣
ɫһһ
һӨƣ׷ɳȥ·Ŵ˿˿Ʊ˿߷ݳز˰׹á
ֻһ˲Ϸݳ˿ߣͽ׹˼
һŷĵǰ׹ԣǰ׹ۿڵĹ𣬵˭ģ
׹ǿնۿڵĹͻȻ˸һ£һٿؼȥ˲Ժ
һֳã֮顣

׹û˿ȫѣ仹δãѹʱ򣬰׹ֹѲš
ԶͻȻĲҽС
׷յūԴһǺ¼գͷ
ӰȻͣɿǲϵ˺ҧҹãһǵԾŲ㱦ϵѪɷݳȥ˲佫ūס
ѪɷſūӰ˲סѪɷսūūÿһ£Ѫɷͽһ֣ǵĹУڵһʧ
ū֮ΪԺеһѿγɾ˵ĻҪûūһֲֱӿñūΪ
ȻѪɷУūô޼£ԽķԽ죬ʱūѪƺѪɷžˣϡ
һŻݳȥūתһȦūյҶû¡
·ɻģտԾŵĻ棬Ƕһ˿ȻЦ⣬ʥ𡱺͡ڤ桱ں֮Ļ棬żȵԣͷų֮ν
ѾزٿһűΪ桱Ļ棬Եת䣬ֻһơ桱ݳȥͽ֮ıūյĸɸɾ⡣
ūճɻҽعͷҹȻһЦոǵѣλŮټû˵ʲôҹ岻ưոݣҹмңĿҲʹﵽˡ
һ仰꣬ӰŤ仯۵ʧ١
һ˭ǡ˵ҪǸôҹõºߵ
ǣ̰ǵɫֻҪԸ䣡ҹõһ£˳ֺūɱˣͨӡ֪˸ô˵ҲԶˡ
㣬ǹȥɣҹõ˵
ҹõԥһ£ͷţǹȥҪǱˣ˵лġ

мҵıūУûһ̱漵ģճ䣬ʵ
ؿƿһ󶴣ѪԽشɫ԰ޱȣȴɱȻǸӲ硣
˭ҧٺЦĿģȻֻһū˵Ǳūҿ㣬ͱˣ
𣿡ЦЦţеļ䣬Ҫ໨һЩˡ
ңһٸͻȻԶðɨ˼һۣҶԳǣ
ٸӲߣֻʮ꣬һ˪ȴ˷ϣβԲͦϸòȻСм֮
֥̣һ
ǡڸյѶž͹ˣʲôˣٸ
Ҳʶҡͷе֥̣ˣǳŲ̫ã
ſٸؿżգҪ뿪ǣſ
׼Ժֱ֮Ѱ̱Ϣļգһٸ֣ô䣬вɵðһµ⡣
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Ȼмһʵ̱漽ǰʼ׼мһδúЩֽţõʱֲмҵĵ


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548 
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һ㶢ס˼գЦȻСѾͷȻûƭǡ
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550 ͼ
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һϵ˸ųĹⶴͻȻͷֳͨǵĿռͷһ½ŵףʩһʶͷϹžű֮Уħһǹⶴʧ

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ֱΪҡҡˮڡɽ𺣵ҺǼˮںɽɣ𺣵ɢҸ־ۼһ
ϣǿӵʮǳأӵл֮Ľʣĳǳغͽ塢塢ľ塢塢Ϸ֣ϵĽ֮Щϵǿ
ÿһߣɵԪֱÿһеĳͷϣЩǿϷֵ
ƳǣֻҹϽµһУƳ˿ȴڣƳÿһӳʼ㿪ʼʿ壬ڻƳûͨˣȫǸֵȼʿ
ˣǺӸŮʿ壬ȴಢ
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ƳڣרΪߵȼʿǶʮ֮ǿߣǸڸ϶гֻۣҪ㹻ԪԻȡؼ챦ȵȡ
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ľУĸ֣ƺĳĬԼϽѰʲô
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СģľϽĳȥ
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ΪҺ£ʹض޵ȥһĵ˶һֲĳŮˣȻǲҪȢΪޡ
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ϵǰͻȻҾڳ֣֮ΪһٽɱŽ¶ҲɱˣʱĴ׷ء
ͨýĽտԿ϶ʶĻˡ
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ڵԻ׷ɱ֮󣬼вѰͷշý˵ҵľڣпܲĳһɽߺ֮ڣڡ桱֮ѰӦøΪһЩ
ȻҲѯмҵһЩ飬ȻýĻشȴǳʧǷý˵мǰڻǣƨһмҵڻϣѱע⵽Ҫڻмˣû緽Ǵ롣
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ҪðѰˣ۸ߵľˣûʮԪͶʯ·Ҹᡣ
ýϢָһ·ԪʮԪȻһξ룬Ҳ󣬱еһЩϵĻ˵ܹ롣
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ڷýָ֮£˻ƳСƽУƿŵģ˽֪
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ʮԪһӣڣҪѰʦԼеһЩϧ϶۳ȥ
˷İЩ̲Ϣƺܹ谭˵ߺʶ̽ߵܼҲֻаɣʶͷſϱӰˣѲֵΪͶ
Ȼǹôġ
ڣǲӰ죬֮⣬еСӣСӲ֪ʲôƳɵģԣһǳϵĺɼ
үͻȻǰһȽУҪʲô
أһʵԶԶɼȴӰǰ棬Ұغϻ쵰֪ģˣҪ
үﲻɽĹϽĳУ̫ˣһߺȵ
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˵ҪǸɱϱұ֤ɱȫң
ϱСʲôʱۿˣһֱˣΪʲôͷвɣ
в㶮ƨУľͶˣҿ㻹й׷ɱϱ
죡ɱ¶ϵţҲǣҵ飬ҲҪܣͻȻҲƺ͵ΪӰ죬վȻûиӦϢ


555 
Сˣ㵨죬Ȼҵһڽеһ׽СˣҪ
켫ΪŭһƺȳˣǰͻȻ档
֮ǰһߣߺ˽£ʱӪҵҸɢȥ֮һºǸԲסλˡ
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ǰͻȻǿҵЩ£ĺƺѾˣڻУϵϢϵǰֱײ
켱С
ЩããţеˣҪߣˣȫܵЩããӰ죬˻֮£ҪѰȻ̫ס
һƳХͻȻдŭҺԣ
ϻ쵰ֻǾϱҪʶȤĻ֣ٺٹЦããУһ׵ĺ쳹ǰش˱ը
˻һһǰ˳Щ˶ܵ˲ڼԣǱӴԽԽࡣ
㳷ٴνе
Ȼȴû˻ӦڵһֱţߺȣЩƲɢ
˳ġĵǣ·ھĵ壬֮ôȥһҵĹͣ¶ȻȥˣȴڣҽǰҪһ̣
СˣߣЦˣͱˣȥһȼ棡
ǰ˸ҵƺѾˣЩԵĸ֣Ǳһʱ䣬ǰϡ
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һȭڽǽ죬߰ٶѨĴ˲һƾԪЩѨ֮ڷݳ㼯ɺ͸Ѫʩȭ֮ϡ
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ʮңȫʰ쵵ĻλƣſڣȳζҴдݶ񶾵壬ұؽɱ㣡
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ﻹ֮вϵطӣΪĴڣҲܹֻǱسŻϮֱɫȻߵ֮ƺҲʶǰ취
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ԵĵȻߣȴʼղɱ֣̬Щ졣
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556 Ԯ
ﱾϣԪˮƴɱ죬ϧԪˣ֮£˼ա
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ֱֲ֮ѽɱųżߺһüǱضЧ
һȣ֮ϵԪһֱڻδ˽ӽɻ󣬵ͷѰȴ׵ؽеСǼһ˭
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κ˶֪ٴγ֣֪һγֵʱ򣬻˰ԸԪЩעһ飬ƺҪˣΰ
СģǼһ϶׶Ը÷СôεģȻԪϵĵȻʧȡ֮ǳء
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ϧСҪùˡ

֮Ǳŵ۷׷ףƺܶ˶վڼһ飬˵
ȻҲ˼յĶˣ֮вɿЦһҲˣ֪ڻǴˡ
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ͻˣ׸ˣ˸淢ʲôǹ˱㲻Ѳµ϶Ҫ군ˡ
ĲҽһӣͻȻȻֹϢ֮䡣


557 ǰ
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ɢһƣĻֳü壬۾Ǻķ̫ľϵϢЩɢҡ
ԪڷּӵСԴԺ󣬾Ͳͽ޹Ŭûǿг֣ӻֳԪεαأԭ廹ԥҪҪ׷ɱ㣬Ͼ㾳ڼ˵ǸɱȻˣС㣬뿪ǰɣ֪Ӱġ
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Щѵԣɨһۣ˰ﵽף뿪ɡ
С߰ɣȻСеֻҪߣҸұ֤ҲΪ㡣ӣɽˣҲΪɽΪѵģС
ߡ￴Ҳûֻǵߴټա
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ģĻûƽ裬ԵЩ
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ЦǶǾɥ
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558 
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ʼ磬ЦЦ˵ģҶСһﲢûж⣬ֻǾҵѪá
ΪʲôôΪɫָ˵ѪɫǱĻˡ
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ͨɫС񣬻ţΪ˷ܣųϷһ˫ƶСĺ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿڵһѪȴֳżճһۣƺʣȷҪҳ
˵ͷջ˻ƣһѪڵζһ֡
գѪʲôɣ磬ҪǸҺСһҶȻŹ㣡ְҪ
СһԼѡɡƳ̯һѪСһҲҿ϶һѪһЧѪȷЩ쳣ӦûЩҪҪðճ
С죬ɱȷһӼˡ
лãôһߺС񷴶żˣֹƵģССһα䵽Ĵָͷͷһ㣬ͽһҷҵѪȥ
ߴߴ
ͻȻ˷ܵǽС⵴кɫȼһ㣬СǻɫβëͻȻӳڵСǽҲˡž
СչŻţÿһȦӾͱһţʱӱʮϵĺɫë߲ëȡɫë仪ҫĿε۾
ëӣβһĻײǡ
ˣ
վȳһعĪСһﻹǷ˰ƴСһֻС񣬾Ȼǻ޵ķˣ
ǾĪĿþ
ֻһѪСһһףһѪ컯鵤ʲôΪʲôѪдĹЧ
ףΪʲôڲűɷˣղʵ
ﳯ˸ۣ·˸ô׳յƵģһޣһ޲һԣһ໹ҪϻۣһҪǳѣСһֻ壬ҪϵʳϢſԽġ
һͻȻһһѪ

ҪѪƺ˸Сǣ߽һૣѪһףȻѸٻָ
һݣҡͷҵѪûã
Сһܹ֮ף϶ڲʥȸľѪйأȸΪ֮ϴеĵϵԶʥ飬ѪҪȷ˻Ҫϼȼȸ˲֪꣬ľѪôһķЧҲȻ
֮ԻСһʳһԭСһһʼͶڵȸϢֳ׽֮⣬ǾѪչֳ֮һֱСĹ۲СһСһֳǿҵʳ֮󣬲ſ϶ѪСһЧʳ
ȴͬޣðȻԼڵѪã֪ʲôĺ
С˺ߣŭʲô˲ģһѪôҪͲҪ
ղ׼𻰣ɫͽȻһ䣬վɵ§ڻ
ʲôûע⵽ɫı仯ţ쵰ûռұˣһҲԭ㣡
֣ͺһսֱۣĽ۽ţ˿ҪΧˣǱ뿪ˣ֪ǵλã
ʵسԲϣļֱҪѪˣҧһ鰵һŻش𣺡ҵΧÿһɽÿһ֮жҲõĸ󣬿ԲԲ֮ڵϢڣҹŻָǸһˡ
⣡һֽȡǱͻΧ˾ˣ
жٸ֣ɫʶٺˡ
֮ĸ֣ʮ֮ļһһǱΧˣȥˡ
ʮ֮ʿʮʲôͻȻһ㣬ʮ֮ʿҵġ۽󷨡ճǵλãԿԽռǣ
Ҳҳɣһҡǰ׹øٻ˳һӣǺ֮ԣǰסʯʯֱӺ顣
Ŀ붴УһĻһǹǹ壬ʵʵڵÿһ˻ǹ׳Ŵӻ¯ȡͨպ滹ƣϵӷɽһ
ʮŸ˻ǹǹ֮ų󷨣խĶڱʯŶµܲ͸磬һ˿϶
Сģһƺ֪ǹʧǹᱬըһ˱ըʣȫᱬըÿһ˻ǹըըͻŴһ
ͫȻһ̼֮꺣֮ڵ߲ʻӡͻȻӳճʮŸ˻ǹĹÿһ˻ǹ߲ʻӡֳĹ켣ɼ
Ǽ䣬мĻǹһӱţĿǹ̵طʱ·𱻷Żˡ
ָо˵ʵʶԲǴ
һѪɷͻȻݳſѪɷױ˲䵲ǰ
䶯Ѫɷϵر仯λãһ˸Ļǹ׸סΪǻǹٶȱüΪųʱһѪɷ
ϣľʧһӻٱһֺһֵļ·мô
ƺһжˣֻʶͶûиı䡣
һȣٸһ£ջȻת
ʮŸ˻ǹȫѪɷڣ׼ޱȣȻûһ˻ǹܹ͸ѪɷҲû˻ǹһС
似
⣬ʲôûп˰ɣĿɿڴͻȻеôģ
ɵġɫػӦһǻǹסˣһʯ˳ȥһɽڳһѪɷ͵һ
һըɽڴըһֱʮֹǧɸߵΡɽ壬һıը󣬺ȻʯͷҷɣܶǱڸҲˡ
ʯУѪɷ˻䵽ġ
ߣһŻﻯΪ׹ȥ


559 
֮ʿʮ֮ʿɽ屬鿪֮󣬴ʯм¶Ҿۼһ
ΪһĸߴͷϴڣԵԪԪֻ֮Ϊ
Ҫ֮ͨǵʱѡӱܡԪüͷЩ
ţ⵹Ҳǡͷڵ˵˵ͷֵСӼ֮ΪҲȻǻҪϹȥɽһܹСӡ
ŶԪһĮȻ׷鲢̫ġ
߰ɣٶȿһ㣬ɽǱߵӦöסˡ

ŻﻯΪһ׹⣬˲ݳǧЦݣȻá
ｿĵؿڣа̣Ȼ޼յжˣȴҲֵĻҧгݣһֳֻţҪͼձһξ룬ǰĴŪԼࡣ
Цʲôҧ°׵ݣյ
·ոջ죬˵ʲô
ģȻûҽ϶ʲô˼
Ϸ·˺ߣصظһ飺Цʲô
ûûʲôջЩԲԣֻǾӳ̫һ㣬յӦ׷ϲŶԣȴûиӦжЩְ
ʵ֮ǰһĻ
һ̣׹ľ磬ʱͣˣһжڱ仺ֻ˿Ӱ죬ľ֮£ſԴݲȵѪɷеĻǹס
һֱ룬ǳ֮£Ǳ˱ˣˣ
˵̫ˣҾưոݣû׷ȻΪűĶԸǵķСһɡһ̾һȻˣ·ŪҲԸ⿴ġ
ţһע⡣˵ͷսʶ쿪Լ־Ϣ֮䣬γѼĹŹֲΪɢԶ֮ĸֲϢļ䡣
̤֮ʶüΪУֻҪʶſĲΧԽЩߵľߵͺʲôֱ
ʶ֮䣬ǰγĲǰʩǱߵϣϢӰЩ΢ߣǿиıǵʶ־壬Ϊеͷ
ȻʶĹֻԾ΢ЧͬȼĸȴԴЧ
Ȼû˵һӹ󣬼ͻȻɫһЦֵľȻɽϵˣΧߵУ
鲻䣬Ҿ֪ɽ棬ֻû뵽ѡ
ҰնɱΣ۾һת
ҡҡͷȻ˵ˣңȻҲϲˣҲܹԵ±Թһ£۾΢ʣôɱĪб˼Ϊкø𣿡
һ仰ʻȻͷҿ
ƨ£ֻǾСӱһװһױȽѣûкøûʲôϵôⷽ룿һ졣
һ仰Ž꣬ͻȻؿһۣٿؽŮҧҸʲôô
Ҹˣͷһٴδҧؿڡ
Ůˣմŭĵô㣬㾹Ȼôңѵѵ㣬㻹ǲ֪ôˡ
žžžķϣͻȻʹｿĵȻӲӣһ綯߳ŭرգҪɱ㣡һҪɱ㣡
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һңңվǰɽ嶥ϵɽ֮ĸ֣ºɽй𣿡
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СԸһ׷ɱҲԸôɫܲÿ
ʲô˵ҶûһȤû˿ԥ֮ŵ㲻мڽ֪ζΪԴ𣿲ҪһЩûõġ
С㣬ʥ𡯶Һɽ˵ҪҲ֪ʥ𡯶ҵļֵˡɽĴ󻤷΢΢һǸ⡣
ȥһָա
֮еĿİٵǧɳ磬ҡҷŤţһżղƶһյӵҪضסը׵ĺ쳹أд˽ζ
˫һǺӾӿѨ֮ڵľԪӿⷨת
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ֻգͻȻֳǺŲĳԶǧ֮Ǻ֮ƺһﳤǺˮϡ
ը׵ĺȻֹ
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ڽصǺ֮ˮգЩǧɳ磬з·һСǺӳûˣҲʲô˳ըѾͣϢˡ
ʲôͨ壡ɫȻһ䣬ͻȻѵǻ֮һ
壡⼸ɽĸ֣ɫ䣬һ𾪺
صżգȴһԲ
Ǻ֮ˮкճ֣㷱˸յ׺貵ɫձŻǺӵУ˲ûһ˿ϢɽѰܹǺ֮ˮнҳ
֮ĸ֣ʩչͨϣܹ֮еǺ֮ˮȥȻŬЩǺ֮ˮʼղɢ·بʹǶҲᷢκεı仯
һ˹ˣı飬ֿ˿ϵ죬һﲻѡ
죡Ҳûںʵ
䣣СӶû壡Ĭһ£ͻȻȵ
ʲôΪ䣵ںӣȻɫʧôܣ
壬ʲôãȻѯʡ
һһٵ޾ǿ֮ͨس֮ڵذУҪͨں϶ɣһֻ壬̤֮Ļɽϼλ֮ͨ岮ûһܹջ壡
ôէ಻ѡ
ֿݵġһȻСܹһֱţгһջܹ̤֮ΪˡԴ𡯵һ֮ܽĿֲڣҪҪȥֵȶҪɽˡ
壬Ӧҵģе
ˣһŭҹɽȥ׼
գҲ䣵˵ɫ䣬һק㼱Ҵȥ䣺ԪһǶһɫ粻
ϵǺ֮ˮڲ֪ʧˣƺ


560 
Ӳӵĺˮһ޼ʣոֻһʯͷһ׺ڽ֮ϣȺڵ߶š
ƲУһֱŻüǽ𺣣
ţǽ𺣣ĺ󣬽ϵʺʿ߰٣ÿһ涼ʿפΪˣ𺣵ųΪ֮һһǳеʮǣʵǽеĵ졣͡
ֳڼؿڣͼһξ룬ڴӶ̱ڼջϵζȴ뼧ձǿףüʱԳ״̬
Χ߳˰µʱɳۣŴŻﵽ˽𺣵һ·ϻʼմڻججУʱ̣˸գƺɽһʼľ
Ҫ״̬֮»ϵϢԽԽƳ浱˴ˣ¹󣬻ڵƺָ˲٣ѨڶоԪˡ
УһֱᱧסȴûвĶƺˣϵϢָһ֮󣬾ȻסĬĬؼָڵ
ҿԻˡȻڡ
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ƵȻûȫָѾûдˣʱһܹƴ㻹ҪҡһȻı飬·𼧳վӦбһ㡣
˵ͷЩط֣ǺãұˣҲ̫Ϥĸ򣿡
Ҫȥ
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ԾȤü壬Ӹµشһޱ޼ʵĽ𺣣Сһɣһʱ𺣿϶̫ƽǻǲҪϷˣҪȻܻᱻĻ߶Ը𺣵ļһﲻϲںշ裬˵˲ǡ
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ԺľˣҲˡ
һǶŭˣˣھŲ㱦ʱ򻹾ѩû뵽ëȻ𱨣⳹׼ŭ
ԭںͷǉ˽ֵʱһֱȽϱһ֮߳ȻʶǺӾΪ棬ƺſŤתǺӵӴ֮ĴҪǺͷơǉˣڰ׹ܹ֮ƺǉһնɱ
Ĵֻ֮ڼʶ̫ĸ֣ЩŰˣ˼϶ĳ˸ɱ֮󣬾Ͳʴ֮ġ
Ǻãߡ˵ͷƺͬľ˵һ䣺ڻϣֻ˺£˲ŲҶԸ㣡
Ҽסˡ

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ҪС˵ˣ˵ڻ˭Ҷ繫ָشƤδ֪Ȼվ繫磬ǻ壬ֵðգ
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繫ɫһ䣬һƨȻǻ尡õˣ˵˵ǿԡ
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˳ŽţŴֲ£Ϲź΢ЦԹţ˲֪ˡ
׹͵繫Ȼڡ˺ǺһЦԹ˵ǰ¡
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΢΢һЦ˵ͷиϢҪǡ
׹һ֣һըϱըѿһ϶һ͵繫ȥֻһѲټ
һʰ쵣ռŤ֮أϥš
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ľҲѰСӣмգ˵һҳͼľѾʼˣ˼᲻ʲô壬УµҲˣ׼СӳƤȻһЦ
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磬壬ͼʲôӦҲ֪һɹˣҵȱһ찡磡繫е
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Ȼ䣬ֳ˻ǵĽ㣬ܶ˲ô£ȴ֪кܶѰˣ·˶ô캦


һ޴ıϣͻȻӰغ֮УӰⲽǰУɫ裬ƺκ˶нġ
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أˮڣֻҪҵˣϱһ֮˭ҵõҡ
ҾС֪ڻǣ²ҪСҪ㣬ֻҪĻϢй¶ȥֻܵˡߵ
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561 
ǽ𺣼Ϊһ죬֮ԳΪǳǽ𺣳ǧĵ֮һ֮⣬ϻһڻһ˳֮һһСҳǣ
ҳֽĳͻˣǽܵߣͻ֮ͨΪӪҳǶ꣬罫ҳǴֻһ˵ĳǳأҳֻҪʿȫͻ˵¡
ҳǳϣһɵСɽ壬ɽֻ亮ķӡ
һ䷿ڣСɫĮһڿźֻɽ帽ı֮һڱǵУΪһ˿˿ɢȫĽѨ֮ڡ
֪˶ãСվ³һһµţֻһӡꡱѿһͨɽڲĵص
СüͷƮƮؽ˵صڣʱСһ亮ǽڵʯңʯһĴÿһ֮УһŮվüտ׷Ѱ̱漣ȻһС
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̣Ȼɨسˣһֱ㵱Լ˵İŮĵ
ұ죡Сɫһ䣬ҧֵʱ򣬿һ㶼û飡
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СıūСȥʲôطǾȥʲôطһŮǿһҲ͵ͷ
̱漣ͻ˳Ҳ˵ˣֻҪӦΪʮ߷С檣ϾܹȡɣôСֿ̱漡
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ףͻԲ죬Сû˵𣿡
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պͻˣ֮󣬰ջ飬ֱǰҳǡ
˵Сദ꣬СϵϢΪУֻҪСһΧڣȻԲСϢ֮⣬ǻڱҳڴС
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ǳ˵ͷ͵Ҳͻ˵֮أ϶ڳĳĽƣԷֹ˵Ŀ̽һ˳֮⣬Ҳûϵ̨ĵطˣ֮⣬һطԲˡ
ôһͣϸһ£ͷ
ſʶĳųǱ룬һʼʱ򣬺˳Ȼʶ֮ȴͻȻһӴʶסԺ֮Ҳһȣʲôǰ


562 ⵤ
ҳǳͻˣ
Ҳ룬ڼյԺ֮УԳôһ֮ͨΪǡڳڣͻ˭
ͻ˵ʶһŭ⣬ŭԽһо룬ֱ̼յ꺣Ҫյ꺣顣
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ͻ˵Ĺ˳ʶ꺣֮ϵеģʶ֮󣬺꺣֮ϵҲնϣ̫¼е漼
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ߣһѳסձ㻯Ϊһ⣬˲ԭʧ
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563 룡
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ںʮ֮ͨõ˵ڶ塪Ԫ
һֹõ壬һְ壬ؼڵĸƺ̵ĶϤ
֮䣬ԪԪҩ̲֮صҩڵľˮ֮ȵȡ
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ﲻ뱾ֻҪ˽͸ˣЩνľľˮ֮ͲԵˡ
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س֮ʱԴѾˣ֮޼ʣԴҲֻʮֶѣÿһԴ𣬶ԣЧãĪ⣬Ԥϵ
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Ҳһ̣ʶԺ߲֮ʻӡ̲صͨ壬ûаֻ֣֮ҳϵĽڵЩиֳ
ǰҳǳ·ϣԺ֮еС˲ϵܻͨ壬йػԪ֣ԽԽ̵֮ȥǶѡ

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ЩһЦŵͷʾԼзִ硣
̱漺֮˫ðź⣬εضϡ
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̱漾Ȼû̫ıˣֻǿһ仰ǿƲסȲѣƭҡ

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ˣҪſڽʲôȴʲôû˵
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ڴʱϴ죬ƺںвڳص׵ΣҲǵһҡ
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һָ֮һĦ˺ͶͳĲѾˣԶ֮Ļڣʱɫؿųͷ
һƬɫȦڳϷţЩɫĹȦϵţҵɫȦı仯ϷƲãã䶯γһȦƲ֮һʯӷɵ⣬⽻֯ҲǷų
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Ħ˵˵ͷãȥʲô쵰ڵңҲʲô֣ҲûƳµĽơ
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ʱ򣬳ϷĲȦͻȻѿһ϶Ƿ϶˲仮нƣһɫŹֵǷ϶֮˲䴩Ħ˵վ
ԭԪƳƽ磬֪Ͳ˷ˣҲǣκνƽ綼Ը϶ɣǡǡ򰡡ƺûԻĦˡ


564 ط
ôģĦ˳ɫһ˿Ϊ׼ͻؽƽģû֡
Ĳͳ죬ڷҲֻ⾳Ϊһɣһڵӡ
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УʲôĦ˴𻰣ȻӦˣЦСӣҪˣֻܹڴˡ
죡Ħ˵һۡ
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ڴã֮תָ̱ǣգһ°ɡ
áûжʣִһûڣ˲⣬ϻָɡ


565 
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ᰴ̱漵ĺף΢΢ۣʶ֮Ӧ꺣֮һһмҴרſƱūġʼɢŵ⣬ɢÿһϸڣӰ壬ͬҲӰжϺԺĳ
תĹ켣͹һ˿©ֳһ澵ӣҫˡеһܡ
һġ桱ĴָţһԺޱȵıܹһЩе񾭣Ϣǡ֮ڡ
ҶţƵģһġ桱֮£ǡضĹܽ⣬ΪʪˮٻΪĺ˳ıϢ뿪塣
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ΪСֲūԺʱ䣬𽥵ĺͱūʶںһֻбūɢˣŻʧ
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Ħôһ̬ͳǲˣȥֶԼҲʶࡣ
ƽɨЩһۣ˵ͷٴα̱漣ֱųȥԪֻеĽһеİֳˡ
ڵĽͽͬ裬һ·ͨ˳һ򣬻ΪһѸԶȥ

ô죿뿪֮ĲЦĦˡ
ѾˣʱӦõ˳ˣӲġĦüͷһСȻֻ֮ͳˣһֻҪȥźˡ
Լǡͳһͬ


566 ҵŮˣ
ҳǳϷ
ߵɽϣСйâڣԲԶվŵĺȻǻ
ִٲϵ߶ţƺĳ£԰
ô𣿡СЦʲôùҼǵģΪһūҪðڳ壬϶·һġ
ĽϢй¶ȥˣüͷ
ǵȻСһֻľ塢ĸѾˣҺɽȻҲ಻סˣưɣһı£Ҳѳȥˣ
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޹أﲪȻŭ
СЦЦĺ裬ﰡʵһǶǼ˽ˣӿɱСӴͲۿɣҲã
˵ܹѵġૣأҶû塭
Ҿ֪Сеĳ޸ˣ֮УֳԪ飬ȻǺɫͬˣǺðСҧгݣ޺޵˵ͷˣôֵ׷֮£֮ΪֶͨҲֻ·һ
ôһ˵ֹûпڡ

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̱漣ջΪһ⣬ֱűҳ֮ȥ
ڵľԪ߶ëƺ̲֮ʹ֮£ٶȼ죬ֻһϢ䣬Ҫҳˡ
߳ţͻȻֳ
һϲٶȼӿ죬һμ㵽˳ǰϴŵĽƣԪ֮£ûһ谭ıˡ
ڴӱҳ߳һҪٻħ׼ǺǺͼ
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Ǻͼ֮ǺǺͼչʶȥѰǺͼܱߵϷڻǸкܶǳڡ
Ȼ׼úǺͼһͨǳⶴʱȴͻȻסˡ
һޱȵһӻǵϸͻȻӰ˺ǺͼӰ˺Ǻͼ򿪹ⶴƵʡ
ֻǹ˸һȴʼԴ򿪹ⶴ
ɫһ䣬յã
ĺǺͼһº͵ȻԶһ̣ͻ˵ӰѾֳؿǸֳǳͼЦеԭĴˣѹô죬ҿеŮ˶
ͻˣ̱漾С
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ǺͼƵŴǳǺͼܵģϽأռ䱻ŤˣǺǺͼҲȥ硣ͻǺЦյԣЦǺǵ˵
ҵŮˣ
ŮǴ֮ʲôʱŮˣͻȻʧЦѺõ˵ѾͷҴȥˣҪˣֻҪԹҪˣѾͷҾͲˣģû֮ǰҲᶯ
һαͻȻͻ˵ֳαһ̱漵ס
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һͻα֮Уֳ̱漵ģһ˲ͽ̱漸ˣ˵Ī⡣
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ҵȲôãھҪߣ
һǺǺͼħ֮УħҲ̼ݽԪڣ׹ɵĶһ£ͻȻͻˡ
ͬʱʩչǺӾǸոʧĺǺͼ͵ͻȻޱȵʵǳֳ֮һǺ֮ˮ޾Ǻ֮ˮ룬㼯һƬա
һſǳ貵ıʯһ㣬ǶǺУһ֮ͻȻ콵䣬Ȼͻˡ
ûнշϵͻˣɫȻȵ壡
ͻһ֮αйâһһƬ޵شǱֳ֮ЩӾ֮кǺ֮ˮʱ򣬱αеسһգȻ͵سǱӿ롣
ͻٴУƺ֪ǺӾһĻ岻׶Ըд³һһڿ֮б仯Ϊһ裬費ϵᣬһμ䣬ǱѼ
豬ѣΪ΢СֻʶԸӦâǵصӿ˼ա
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еġͻ˳˳ǣһȻЦݣαһ䣬һɹðЩǺ֮ˮӰˣԼˡ
ǧâϮھԪ߶Ǻ֮ˮԴЧ״ľˡ
ǺӾϾֻǴ߶нѪ衢ϸ֮ڵϵһ˿ģǺӾİУ˲ĿǺӾǿ
һԶĹǺӾóġ
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ۿâϮմ߶Դ𡱣
Ϊģ֮ͻȻһƻ׳ΪۿɼĻ𺣣׵֮֮֮ںһԣΧγһΪµĴų
еķâ̼ҷҲûһƷâڣ
ǧķâڳһƬ֮к󣬶˲仯Ϊޣûһ˿ۼûһ˿ܹ͸뼧յ塣
Ԫٿء桱
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ͻ˵һλˣе㻹СԴ𡯣
桱׷ᣬ֪䣬϶һ׵磬ͻʲôطǵطȻը׹٣ը׺䶥âϮָ½ͻ˵ΧãͻܵļֱҪѪ
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桱֮׵֮棬γһޱµһ֮£ͻƺеֶζʧȥЧαҲԵֵ
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֪ʲôʱһۼ˺ܶҳǵĸ֣ͻ˵ļҲ¾ۼĦ˺ͳ춼ˡ
Ħ˵ԶԶͻһۣɫһͣһزš
ͳҲȻˣԭȻΪͻһأ϶ɸɵյģϵʵĳ˹죬֮ͨͻǱӴܣǱնɱļǿȻ
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ȻôһʱȴǱܶȻ׷״յϢҪ֪Ǻ
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СӵʲôΪʲôһӵôֻ֮ΪȻҺͻһս˿·磬ӵΪ˺־磿
ܶ˶򼧳յʱһɷ
ЩòĸŮӣǺЦϴ⵴ƺ̼䱻ȼ˼飬㣬һ޲óǰúôڨģ
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ܣܡСһʧǵӣϵҡͷôܣֻ֮ΪǡԴȻҽ̵ĿơԴ𡯵ķͿԽսʤ֣ôܣ
ǲٿءԴ𡯵ķġɫмһŵǲٿءԴ𡯵ķңҿɲΪĿػ𷽷ܹﵽ˾ľ磡
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ֻôһֽͣ϶
Сſڣ޻˵ˣоʱƺͻȻʲô񶾵Ц⣬Ҳ²ⲻĻľĸ־ҪˣҺưɣһл̤֣֮䣡
ôһ˵ɫһ䣬ֿʼûʧ

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һɫճˮˮԼԿһӵӤ״ӤƺھȵĺϢһľ־꺣֮еľɡ
һλˮγ֮һβٿءԴ𡱣䶯֮䣬ǲϵ׷ͻ˵ġʥͻȻֻһǡʥ𡱾û֮С
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õˮġ桱̲ŵˣǱǻ۲ߵƺһӱ鶯ޱȣ˿Ժǻ۵ǻϲϵͷϲ֮顣
Ȼڵõ˻ˮ⡰桱һ϶õ˼ĺôˡ
һһظ꺣ǡ桱ı仯һ߲ͻˣҡ
ͻɫѿޱȡ
ƽյĴݲȵȻ޴棬װºҲ˺ѣ¶˺ݶıԳ
ҪŮôͻҧ
α֮У̱漵Ӱֳ˱αסˣۣȴûһ˿ɡ
˵ֻһͨŮˣһ΢֮ŮˣԺ׵ĵõ˵ȴκ˶ڴġջ˵ŻҲ¼ŭͻˣΪһҪƴƴƺ֮٣ֻҪ㽫ңұ֤ΪУϾʹӻȥӰ飬
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Сӣ㲻ôһңͻٿؿЦŮҵı֮УֻҪԸ⣬ʶһͿҪֻ΢֮ΪҲܹӦף
Ҹʲôֱ˵ɣһ侲ʡ
ͻЦˣҵ֮ܵλʱһȻŮ˷谭


568 Сֵܣ㹻ݣ
ͻˣʲôʱ䵽ҪŮҪЮĵزˣһȻԶһɽɽ䴫
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һ˵Ҫ󣬾ǸʮǧҲҪǹЦ
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֮һӰɽûʧѾͻ˺ͼղԶͻˡճվ
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ޱȣҪϵͷӦ
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쾵Ȼҵ֮£һҪƳһ¶ݣǺٺЦ
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ȻǵӰαͻ˲նɱ̱漡
Сֵܣʲôһеˣ
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ʶ䶯ͻ˴߷̲صǱѨɽ鱬һӿͻȻӿ
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ôһ彩ӲһһĪĻᣬͻȻˣǧϰٵ̹˲Ϣȫͻ˵ϣôһ£ͻ˱ˣױϡ
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һһɿֲͻ˵ԴһѿѪ䡣
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һడܣ֮УҲֻΪ˲ſϰɹʩչĶȻ
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һʱ䣬Χ֮д˼ܶ˶һľСһ
ۼʩչ֤ʵһ飬ͬʱһµ
Сֵܣ㹻ݣ˰죬Ÿôһ仰
ͻˣǺڡյ˵ͷٷϻ̱漾Ҫ뿪Ϊµ鷳ڿ


569 Χ
޾ǿǺ֮ڣһ״ľ޴ǳǳ֮ϣľ޴ѨÿһѨ䣬޾Ԩ֪ͨǳĺδ
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һſǳ㣬ԻӰü䣬·Խʱ䳤ӣԽһС

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ǲΣգ̱漹ĵ
漣˽ҵġЦЦ˵ôһ仰ʶ֪꣬ҵıԣҲӦ֪Ǻͼ԰ɣҪߣ׾ٵ뿪ҪֻҪһ˵仰ܻΣգһ¡
ôһ˵̱漱˵ͷ
ȷ˽ģռǲܹУҲǿ԰Ȼȥģˣ˵ͷȥŭǵ㣬ǵЩ̱ȻһЦǰһڣŷĶȥ
֪ƭĻϣǺͼܹô˺صĽơ
һôȥҲһûмβ̱漣һ£ѡһ෴ķȥ
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֮վ̧ͷ죬һӰֳԲԶվˣЦ
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СֵܲҪ⣬ֻǺѣûб˼ЦЦҺܺΪʲô㶮ֻ֪ҪſʩչСֵһΪʲôܹʩչأ
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Ǻǣұ㲻ٶˣϲСֵӦ˺ܶ鷳ɡŶһ鷳Ѿˣףⲻҵļôɽ׹͵繫˲찡
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׹͵繫ˣɫ侲ѲӵĿڼյεţƺҪʲôļһӵô档
ףɫһ䣬ͻȻôҲˣ
׹͵繫ͬüͷһ壬һҡҡͷ
СӣҰ쳹أըһھ֮ţľһЩΪ΢ʿһĤѪˡ
ʱһ֮Ӱһֳһ׵Ĵ󺺣Ƥϣȴǣһ˫ۿؼ䣬ֻһµİԵ֮⡣
ڻǵ죬
Ͻڣǻֳӣһֱִɲĸо֮˵һһɨ֮׹繫ʲôǲҪֹɱСӣҸǣСҪˣһҳ뿪ҷ飬ӣ
ڻϰԵˣһƾˣƺԶˡ
浱度ǲɣɽϵĵ繫ĺһ֮ûгֻ֣ǲ˵ļһָûûˣҪǻΪǱ㲻Ҫǲˡ
Цؽúúãϲ˺ҶҸϲ˺Ҷͱ֣ҵҪĵؽתܹܲƵı죡
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ͨĸôһ˵ˣԭʥӦ֪֮գ
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ҽҲһս֮вһ֮Ѫ֮ԽǿգǺ֮ʶεǳ֮Ͻ䣬Ȼ˼صƣҪȻϣѪ
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ٴξԪһˣ
һˣͨĸüͷһ䣡
ֻǴ˾һˣʴӱ˾ȥ֮ͨȫѧᣬҲǰ̵ΪܳһνΪҪϰϾȴ˴˾˶Ը˾ûӴ˾нԪ鶼ȥˣϧһڵѪԪ鲢ϣջԪˡ
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Ŀɿڴ
ԭļһȻǴ˾ͽ֮һô˾洫Ӵ˾нԪȥѹΪ֮µһˣͨĸ˵˵ʱȻмȴ֪һǸ
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ͨĸ֮󣬶˵˳ֽӽѪ֮УѪ֮еѪ裬Ǵǳ֮޾Ѫ֮ɣʱ䣬Ϊ˸Ӿϴ壬úðɡ
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һ꣬һȦȦѪѪ֮ڳѪضסҲѪ֮еĶ
ͨĸӻ֣Щڵص˵һѪ֮гǵ֮һĻܹ̤֮пܳԽңΪ֮ǰֹռǿߣ
ЩڵصˣһŹĸҥĤݣƺڴһػ
ͨĸͷһѪгԸӦ˾λãܹѰ˾Ӵ˾ǶϾϰһ֮ˡ

򼫶ƫƧǺ֮УһѼƣ޼ʣһ
һּΪӵΣκ˿һ飬ʧıͷתð
ֻһЩ缫Ϊ֪Щ֮ʲô˲ҪһҪЩԶİ
֮УһޱȾ޴ǳǾ޴ǳ֮ϣȻǶһСǳһۿȥ޴ޱȵǳɼʮ˶ǳ϶ɡ
Ǿ޴ǳ֮ϣܲӴ΢СǳԶţǧſŻʮɽһСʥ䣬ãã֮УһѻӣһɽУһĿ죬żһ±ضɽҡ
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ѪѪߺǾȣе˵Ǹ塢ѪСӣĻ壿
֮ǰҲ֪Ļ壬ֻֻһͨ˺ĻѪˣҺȸ䡢׻ĸľѪֲڣԴѹѪͳʧˡǾ޴֮ͫ졣
һ£˵ĸѪֲڣʹڻ̲ʥһľѪˣ塢ʥһѪѪѪǡɿкʥѪһѪɹ֪Һ


575 Ƽ
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Ѫѣմ˳ɫ㱣·ûŪ
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577 
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ȻЩȫǡ
ͨĸͨһ䣬˺գֱӿԽԶľ룬ȫȻİһǺ漣ҲֻͨĸһĻ֮ĸ֣ſõ
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ŵ٣Ǹ¹˹Ĺŵٰɣ֪㡣ſŵ٣ԥһ£ʵѪ嵽ʲôϵ
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ǵɳ棬Ȼʬһ̬ǻԽԽߣһܹܣ˴˾ϣ·УѪū࣬ȻγȺܳһʱ䣬Ѫūǰ̵ĺڰִߣͰ̵Ľһһ¡
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ǿʢѪҲȻմ⣬ˣѪ֮ǽϵһģһپ٣һūĹŵ΢΢̬
㲻Ҫҹһ֮ˡ
ŴѪ㽫һһ㣬ǰٰϣҲı䲻Ѿڵʵˡŵ΢΢һЦֵο֮ѪǲԼһԱҲһô㣬һԸı䣬һЩ˽ֻΪѪ⣬Ὣ㵱ҪĶ󿴴㲻úûȥ򣬾Ҫߵһ𡣡
ŵ΢΢һЦ֮дһѪɫĹĻŵſ³һѪ˹Ļ֮У㿴ɡ
ĻУһֳ
Ǹ֣׷ɱѪĳֻҪѪˣƶ񣬶ᱻҪĶնɱ飬һ֮УһѪ˱ηлӤֻҪˣһ
ЩޱȣЩϵĿ־;Щ治ϵظţһĽʾüüͷţ֮⡣
ĸûн׵֮ǰĳ
ŵɬԳǿʳôһĸδ̤֮˾ִڻ״̬ҪǿᣬԶЩļһ˵ĸͻƵ֮㱻ˡЩЩ֮ԲٶԸ壬ȺѪ壬ҲȫΪĸĴڣΪĸıѪȣΪԼĹϵҲʼٺгǲŲҼơ
ŵٵһü״׵Ϊ̲ѪԵʣһǷǣѪѪ֮ʮֹģ˼ҵĺôҪǲס
ʱ֮ͨĸ֮֮󣬿϶ͻƣ㶼Ķ֣кãԥһ̲סʵ
Ҳͬŵ΢΢һЦ֪ԼжôˣĸİΣһ£һǾԽʣȻܹŴѪ㣬Ӿˣ룬һܹ¡
֮ͨͨʲô֮ͬ૵
ǾΪ˵һ£ȣ꺣֮иϤˣĬǵ֣ܹǵǵϢὫӵ̣ŸӦһ£ͻĸоˡŵѭѭյ
֮£üͷſȥܡ
꺣֮ȥ̱漣̱漵Ϣǳ˽⣬ͷһ꺣֮УȻͻȻֳ̱漳
̱ŭһǱѩɽ֮ϣüͷһįƺڰȴʲô
⹫
Ժ֮һӿһͷ꺣Ȼ仯紵꺣֮еһµĳͻȻֳ
һĪУʮ֮Ĺ壣һڻţĿƺ
֮ͨΪΪϵ͵ˣ׾ٵĸӦǵķλͨͨ񣬱˵ſǷһ㣿ŵٵ


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֮ͨſ֮ǰһֱ֪֮֮ͨкβֻֻͬѨǳһתڸŵôһѣʶͬľ磬Ȼͬ
Դ֮
ȥ뱾Դ֮ҪڵʲôطȻͷӿ֮꺣֮ȴδֳԴ֮ģ
һ㲻ˣۣʵκ˶ԸӦôмʲôè壿
˸Ӧŵʡ
š
ֿԡŵ΢΢һЦ͵ӦߣҪôѾˣҪôľΪѷɫ㡣
ôһͣüͷȻͷˡ
ܹӦģǺ㽻еЩ˾綼ҪͣΪԽͣܵĻԽֻΪѷɫһôֻܹ¸ܵĴڣһߣܲˣߵˣѾԸܵλãô˵ף
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ŵһ£ϳ֮ϵûκεѣһ֮ϵ֮㱻׾ٵĸӦ
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Ĺǰţı仯ǹХţһ˶ɵģ
ŵ۾ٿؿƾճֵĹ૵ۼٶ̫ˣԶԶһ֮ͨļˣôģ
ǲ㼯֮𣿡ֵʡ
ŵٿЦôףǾۼ֮Ҫܳһʱ׼ôһ֮ϵ֮ҾۼĻҪʱ䣬㼸͸㶨ˣֱǲ˼顣
ӰһءЦЦ֪֮Ի϶ΪûԪеԵʡ
֮ͨߣӵȻٶԶԶ죬Ҳûô棬һЩص㣬һ̸߰ɣȥұʣʱ̫ˣʻὫҵļŵԥһ£ŵ
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ٶȾȻ죬ڹŵٵɫ֮Ȼδȫ
Ǻ֮޴ڵǧûԪ֮׾ٵıܿˣٶٴһµľأͻƵ֮ͨҾѪ궼˲˼ľԼ֪ڵ˺ֵĸ߶ˡ
֮ҪĹŵ٣Ѿòٿֲˡ
㻹ûоȫһſӹŵٻعͷʵ
š
ȻܹŴѪӣ

һ޴ޱȵʯϣűһıʣɫᣬѰʲô
ԣһҹˣһ˴ԼҹĸˣڱʵԣЦӯӯһ˫ˮ۾ƺ˵ڱʵϲϵػš
ҹõˡҹõ㡢ҹõã޵ĸ˵ԣСţʮҹõ˵ĳϣ̬΢΢ӣʵǾη֮дŵĲϲ
ʵ幹಻һɱɣڣһֲʵС
ɫᣬʯ֮ȥһ˿˿ѼıͶʯ֮ڣʯٶȼ죬Ǻ֮Ѹǰߣ칤ġ⳽;߻Ҫݼ֡
ʣǵмһֱҪɱ㣬ʻƭȡΣǴȥһΪβȶԸмңҪȥҲ֪ټѪ壿ҹ峤ҹЦӯӯʵ
۾Ѫв󣡡
һ£ƺʲôͻȻʵ׼һٶ֮ͯͯŮ׼ˣʱ򣬱ʱɨһҹõã˼ŮǴ֮ҵĹҲô㲻ܹЩҵһٶ֮ͯͯŮŮʱմҲǿԵġ
˻һҹõһǵͷҧԵüΪŭ
ҹһ̬ӵ̲סŭʣ̫ˣҪҹ㣬ôӱ֮гЩҹΪ㣬Ѿ˺ܶˣΪҪҹνǽ߾ȫֽעҹСͷϣ㲻ÿɳô
ҹɫһ䣬Ǻǳһ䣬Ȼæʷģʮ֮ڣһһٶ֮ͯͯŮ
ȴûдͻȻؿҹһ֮ڱʵ֮ͫǼ䣬ڱʵ˫֮Уֳѩص
ͻȻӲӡǡ죬ֻһӶ
ҺҹֻǺѣЩҹĽô֮еԽԽ󣬲Ҳ˼ɵˣΪ˭ǴɵģʺߵûҵİҹѾˣҹĶˣΪҷȻģ
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ģһмҵģֻұ˲УΪ˸ҵ˱ҶȻҪٶȽȥΪұĴҵҹ壬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ʣǵĺ˽߰ɣԺҹ岻ҪİˣҹҲٰڳЦһ񣬡ҲܹˣȥΪ˱ȥɣҹȻûжҲΪĿܣ
ҲáϣʾȻͷˣ㽫ŮңǱһʹˣ͵ǶЩĲûܹΪµˣҪǣ
Σҹ
ɲ㣡Цۿкһҹ϶ˡ
ʾˣҴʧû뵽һСˣڴʱʯ󷽵ǺڴһЦ
Դӱ֮һͱˣǰǸѾΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶˣ֮ʹһ˱ɷӣԺġһ˳


579 
ŵ٣ŭһѸתۿ򻺻ӺǺ߳ˣЦһ˸ˣ
ףҹõ˼ˣ㣿
Цͷյңþûˡ
ҹõھϲ󣬶ɫӣյĳȻǵϣǵΪ磬ҲյʲôΣֻǾּƺЩΡ
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ôǹĸؿżգмС˭
ĸҪ£û㡣ŵȻʯ֮ϣмգ֮ӣŶˣӦ֪ģȥˣӡ˰ɣ
˫ɱ䣬磬ȵСӣұ֮Գ֣֮ȫȻΪԵʣ㣬ǹŲұ壬һΣ
һΪóԸġɫ䣬ڹŵ֮һʯЦҲҪУһСıҸˣɾˡ
壬ֻʣôһˣЩʱû֮ޣһֱűѩޣڼʼٸߣһŸ֮ȼ
˫кƲ㣬̼ʯֻһʯֹͣ˷ǰУããǺ֮ͣͲǰ
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ŵһ˳ɫǵֳһأˣһײѪĸо
ŨѪζӹŵٵ֮дŵδЩѪζȴϵػۣһѪɫӰӣÿһӰӶ͹ŵһСͬŹŵϵϢѪ죬ɱ
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ֻסһʱŵͻȻת˼ա
ŵȻҪճԮ
ţˡ˵ͷͻȻۡ
ŵͻȻʧȥټĸоվԵļգƾʧҲûһ˿ܹӦʶƻΪޣӴ˻ҷˡ
ַǳŹֵĸܣŵüͷ֪ոʲô
գһ˿˿׵֮Ǻӿڡ͡Ĵ̶Уһ͵ʯ֮ϵıı˪˲飬׵УʯҲ֮
ҹЩˣڱ˪ɷмһ̣һӱ֮ѳ
жԶԶ˫ƽûһ˿оһ־侲ǵĹ촥
ߣҹϵϣűʻѪУһȴʯ֮룬Ѱһ򣬼æ˹ȥ
ҹĳϣһûԥȫ˹ȥһ˲ûټ
ҹõã鸴ӣûм뿪ؿżգƺǧҪ
ߣԶҹϵļߴ
ҹõãֶżտһڷּոûһۣеעڱ֮ЩΣĸ׵ĴСУ뿪
һټһʯѳ˼ٿ飬ÿһ֮ʯмĶشСʻһʯ֮ϣѪƵѪ֮δƽϢһ׵һбͷ­
ʷ񣬿Ȼǲϵؾۼı֮ȴŨҡ
ĸ֮󣬱ʶ֮֮֮ĸ͸ˣ̶ֳȵĹԽ֮ȥʩŵһշӦŵͻȻſ³һѪ
һѪ֮бΪһεξӨ͸Ѫӣ챦ʯһ㣬ҫ貶Ŀ˹ΣһεѪһ㣬׷Աߵľ޴ʯ֮УЩʯһһιŵٵѪ˰ٱͬѪ졣
ŵٳɫۿ֮УһʯӳճһѪڵ֮ٿشӹŵϱ
һ޴ʯ˰ٱ֮ͻȻһһһ鳯ŹŵٺȥЩʯ֮УѪϵر⣬ѪϢڷ֮гɱӡ
һ޴ʯȺ˱ʵϣֻǿȻӣڻεһ¡
ŵһ𣬸Ĵ߶Щ̲ھѪʯ
ϧþʺܿѹ˫֮кһǱһþӨ͸пĿԿŵˮһҺ壬ԿӨĹͷйͷ֮еĹ衣
Ө⣬ڱһǰѨڱڻڵ磬·˴ѩһѨһͷų֮ĺЩɢڱʵڣϵϢǡ
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һ޴ʯŷʵ̬ôʱ䶨һ㣬ͻȻͣ
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ԭɫ԰׵Ĺŵ٣ͻȻػɫ԰׵ļˣһεξѪ˵Ȼһش
ЦţЩʯһȻԸٶȣ͵سŹŵٺͼպ
ŵɫһ䣬еСģ
ŵһȣ˼յǰҪԼֵʵϮ
ÿղͷؽŵƿߵһû޳ܵƵĵز
ãһ޴Ļǰֳͷųһʯδգ渽ıʵĺ֮ͱȫˣһı֮Щʯ˼ٱ
Ǻײ˼ڵʯ֮ϣҲ첻̫˺
Դ𣡡һͻȻЦڤԴ̫ˣҲԴҪˣʴЦţͻȻһ⣬ֱżմٶȾ֮
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ǧ޴磬糤һͻȻֳ֮ݺύĴڼյԣΧġ
ɱʵı磬̼⣬վȻҲݳһǱʸֱӳ˽ȥ


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ŵʯ֮ϣɫԺÿһЩɴۣǽСС㣬۾һգգ
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磡Ǳܻ磬ʵ֮䣬ѶԸŵһξڱг˴᲻ϵؾۼغÿһ̺ӣΪֲ
ʵϢ೤ԶǱѩص磬ǸѩȲϵ仯һ˴ǹ֮гֳһּΪʵĸо
Ȼȴ֪ЩֻǱҺͱʶɣʵЩһһĳ֣鲼Ǹѩ磬ǱѩɢոС
ܿأǱѩȾ͸ǵ˼һ飬ܣһ˲׹˱ѩ֮С
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һӵ˻ڴʱһűϢı˳ɱû˿ԥκεֻǻǷ絶ָף㽫гɱı˸˺ѳɷ顣
һ΢СѪڳͷž˵·ȡ޾仯䣬֮У̲ڵԪ͵ð
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ѪͷţԪԽӹ죬Լ䣬ѪԪƺϣ߶Ѫ֮ƺܹõԪ
ͷĵ׸֣ЩѪ״Ѫ֮ٴαһӴ֮ĳһɳȫӵԪ֮ڡ
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һ޴תţһɹаЩ֮͸¶Щ·κһһضķתЩϵؾۼ
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ı磬ڱһɺɫĹâӴûһԤף֧飬ľһ㣬ΪһƽСı飬ʵϢҲһ˲˼ٱ
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һԪͷųĹâǴ͸ǣǻΪ˳ȻƵ磬ش˱ʣԪ֮У̲˶ôֲ
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ūŵٵ˵ͷ˼һۣˣӰ֮УһϢҲʧ١
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ͨĸ仰һ䣬һƲͷųͻȻ䣬ڼսӴڵҫȭסǺͼڡѪɷȵһð֮С
ҿ㶼ЩʲôûõģҶˣ˷ʱ䡣ͨĸȻһ֮ɨһز⣬Ȼ䵽һµʱȴͻȻһף


581 ҹ
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һ£ͨĸƩ֮ߣһ˵֪УӵתȻֻҪ֣֮߳һԳĨɱǵӡǣˣһԳɱǵĻӡ޾ԣҪţ
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һͨĸ۾΢ЦŽµݸ˼գúţţ㵹ǿԻЩ˼ڰ׹õϣһ߿õĺã㼫İ
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ţСʵͨĸ˵ͷԥһ£˵Ǻ˵һɣһ߰׹ӦǾҹ壬طΪ⣬ˣȴĴϧΪûڣһֻǱΪ򵥵ʶҲܹӳ˵ãͨ
ôŹ֣Ȼҹ廯Ϊ˰׹ãΪʲôҪˣ˭Ūģ
ǰԼΪԼ׼ģΪԼº·ôȻĿġͨĸ΢΢һЦҹط⣬ˣһ߹֮ɴֵĲʶЩʶҪһǿߵ꺣Ҳˣ㡣ÿһΰ׹ã꺣ͻһΣ꺣ԽǿõĺôԽгһգһ߰׹ʶۺϣҲ˵ҹĻᡣ
ЦЦͨĸΪ׼ѪɷԼΪ׹ãΪ㲻ͨ񵤣ΪѸǿֻ꺣ŻԽԽ£ĵ˲ŻԽԽǿõĻҲԽԽܹĿԣҲһô
ˣɫһ䣬ԺҲˣԸˣЩһǶ񶾣˶Ҫˣģ
ǾҹΪԼµĺ·ȻԼ׶༪ˣŻ˲ãңҲôͨĸΪЦЦȻ˵Ҳģãгһվҹʶ飬ҲõʲôѪԪǿƣͶһΣٴۿۣһڵѪԪ飬һΪеģҹǸˡ
Ŷյͷ
ͨĸƺܸˣһץȭ׺֣һ̽ڵһȦ
ȭ˵ãһѪ֮Уȭǳܲס˲ӿֵıը֮γ㲻Ҫˣͨĸһ仰£ȭ׻Ϊ˷ĩ
ͷӦҲģƺܹ֮ȡɵֶΣǴ˴˾Ӵ˾ǶõϾİ壬ͻᷢͷںôҲ֮棬ҰȥĵУҲ֮ʧ
һ̫Ȼ˼һı䲻ʵıʣУһָ׵ķѾһˣһֻǶ֮࣬áҫҲΪ˻ҽ
һ
Լһ֮׵бѸٻȥᡣ
Ǻͼ
ܻ٣ãռæһѽǺǺͼץУеҶΣڹؼʱ򣬶;ɲܻȥ
ͨĸмȴ˵ͷǾŰɣ͵һͼⶫ֮ͨеãһͻƵ֮Ͱȥɡǵãл֮ǿߴڵǳ򣬲Ҫ붯ͼֻĸ졣
һǵáյͷ
ͨʱҪãһΪռҩģܹͨ񵤵ҩЧӵ󡣡ͨĸֽͨץסֵǻͼҲˣһЩϹͷ̲ס㶯֡
һ֮ͨĸһ£ֵһʱԼҲ㣬ǵã໨Щ˼Ѱ˾ΣβᷳңʱҪѪأʲôһѰ㡣˾ϢֻܹӦ򼫱֮Ǵ˾һλλãǶ˾ϢӦøһЩȥԸӦ
Ŷֵͷ
ţ㣬֮ǿߣһѸٸϵͨĸȡһɫξ壬ݸ֮󣬾ûж˵ʲôһԳֱʧ
ͨĸʧȴûм뿪ĿӦһüʲô
ʱһҹȥΪ׵ҹϣĵǾȣǴһܣȷʲ֮󣬲һˣոǿһʧǺ֮ǾͲ²ʿˣǹʱȴһסôҲ岻
ͨĸϣ뿪֮ϲųҹҲȻ
ҹҹõãɫӣ޼ɵҹõ㣬Ҳӵģ򼧳յǾη
ǺεȾĸ֣֪ȴǱӴܣζʲô
ǻʲô𣿡յȻʵ
СӣŮôҹһһΪѵľżʵ


582 ŭ
ף
ҹõãһߵĺģɷǿɰ
Ůڸгøص㣬ǻ鶯ǽÿ˶ԼĶ֮ټòƣվһǸһභ޵ĶĿ̬
ҹֱֱ࣬żգڵȴյĻش
һ޹ҲͲٶ˵ʲôͷעڴ
ƯôˣȻ
Сӣһ⣬˵޸㣬͵ҹĸлҹҲûܹϵĶҲѾͷɫ㶯ˡҹګګ
ҹĳϣ鸴ӣƺԸôȴûж˵ʲôҹõãͷ֪ʲô˼Ҳڽ
⡣պȻЦˣøص㣬òʲֲ٣ĻԾ
˻һҹɫһ䣬вȻѵһ޳֮ͽˣ
ҹõٿ̧ͷСϻһݺݵؿŭ̫̰ˣֻܹѡһ쵰ҪǺͱһһƴ
ҹõ¶ʧ飬ګګԭҲˡ
ֻҹõûнһ̾ĵ˼ƲţɵѾͷ˼֮ûһ˼ô
ôһ˵ҹ϶һ㶣˼һ£žȵѵŮòô
ҹϱϾҹ峤ôһȻҲ
ǲòֻû뷨ЦЦοİɣһ˲ᣬ֮ڲΪصĹˣѣ˵ǧڶðͷǲҪʲô
Ȼ֪ҹϵͼˣҹʵޣЩΪʵԵʣֵ˲ˣǱʲ鷳û˱ʵıӻҹԺҲù
ҹ֮ҪŮƸҲȲѣΪһ峤ʵޣֻܹŮıȡʵһɱ顣
ǱʲԸǣһѶɹѹءҹϿЦԥһ£ֵŮѡһ֮⣬һԷʮŮֻҪӦʱʱӦҹһ£Σ
˰ɣûⷽȺãҲûôľԾܾ
ôһ˵ҹϺҹõãʧ
ףҪˣұ˰ɣҾͲ岻ܶɹѹأҹõһȻЩҲˣֻҪܹŽһ£ǶȻ԰Ȼȥġ
Ȼ֪ҹ״һгϣȴһҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ҹľһ˼Ϊѵĵز
ҹĵһһ£ٴοʵ
ǵмҡҹһϲæ
Ҳҵĵˣİɣһмûʱҹ鷳ܹҲֻôˣ취ɡһ䣬ղͣΪһ⻪֮ннԶһûϢ
ǸˡҹõҲ֪˭ǸŮһǳҸ
ĽѽҹõҲͷ

һºǵмҲ¾мҼ֮ǿߣһҹ֮䱻ɱ
мҼ֮ĸֱնɱмһ겻ܹһЩǿ޵ʿʼܾԪмңҹȻмҶŸɡ
һЩǿмûǣмҼս֮мҲУóǵȨûмҾΪֻܹϹӲдҲָܹջԻ͡

һ鲻ʯһȦȦĻʯסʯضٶȺ͹켣֮лǰС
Ļ֮µʯϣϥţ̬ꡣ
ͱһս֮ʶԪĿֲ֮ϣѴ֮֮ͨΪмһ֮ĸȫնɱΪ̱ıū֮ҲΪԼǵǱһ˳ӡ
ֻǣʣȴǣʶѰǣҲûиӦʵϢⲻò˵Ǹź
뿪֮ǿѰһʯϺؽ֮Ժ֮еİ塣
ͱһս֮꺣֮е߲ʻӡֽ⿪ͨʱڣµͨڴгһЩ߲ʻӡȫҿ
֮ͨȥоԪ飬ʶԪ齻ڣÿʱһֺԪѪͨĸо
ԽԽԪһ۾Լ䣬Լ²пʵʵ벻ͨʲôֻһ۾ӵ˿ֲ󣬲һ㻳ԼĲ²⡣
ڵġ桱ЩˮΪڵѪ˴ȵǡ桱ƺҲı仯֮еõһЩôò̫֣Ϣԡ
ǺףԴؼΪĻףÿһ֡Դ𡱶ãˣԲϵسɳɳ߶еһ壬ܹΪ롣
оԴ𡱵ı仯֮ԻԪ͡Դ𡱹ͨû£ʶ͡Դ֮еʶܡԴ𡱵ϲͻãܡԴ𡱵ʶͷ
ַͨ֡ԴԽԽҲԽԽǣƺΪܵĻ飬ҲΪˣ͡Դ𡱵ĬԽԽܣһַǳĸо
ͣʯ֮ϵĹĻͻȻص졣
Լеļգüͷһ壬ʶü䣬ʯ֮ĹĻʧ
һֲԶҡ⳽;ߣһЩϡŹֹĹ˽սΧһЩűĸΧߣȤĹš
⳽ϴâǹƷĹǴײдıըЩನɢͳʯһ飬ĹĻˡ͡
ս˫ĺ࣬һ޵ǳֳǳΧһشȼŵĻ棬ܼĻƲ㣬ǳ̫գһǳеķǳһɴסյŮӡ
ŭǣһеĿ̱꣬漴ʱӦþŭ֮ϣһ˹ΪѰ̱漵ġ
ףСӣôüͷǰʱһº͵ͻȻ
ŤͷһϤףǿˮڵţǸ֮ͬͨΪ˵ϣˮڵš
ЩȷΪļҲ֮ͨô̵ʱ䣬һ֮ĸͻƵ֮ͨЩ˼ټϾѪ֮󣬼յҲһЩ΢ĸı䣬ŸԻˡ
ŵԣΧһȺݺݺ࣬Цǰ˸߲ҵͷ㣬ûע⵽ŶԼյĴ
ǺǣҡЦЦ̹Ȼش


583 ʥ׺
һճźǾ棬΢΢ſڣ૵˼鰡Ŷ갡Ȼܹ֮ͨٶʵ̫һˡ
ʹȻûٹһǧ꣬ҲһҪ֮ȻûٽһĿԡ΢΢һЦʵǰôһ£
˽ʱһҡ⳽֮б鿪֮Ϊĸ֣ǱشзɳҧгݵҪº֡
ϷĹˣƤͷϵĹͷɼûм⣬ʬ
һǳص壬˼ΪŽᣬйսÿһˣŬΪıȡ棬໥ΣֶֺԸԼ˵֡
ǲΪŽᣬǼǳһ˵˹һӣ˵ѶΪֹѳˣǿԲκ飬һűԷ
ˣһ˲ǹˣһˣٶɱԷøԷѰĻᣬҪʳѰıˣʱʱ̿Ź˵ı
⳽Ϸɳ壬вǿ壬֮УıãЩ˵Һ͹ôŸɣҲ֪Ϊ˺£üշǳ档
ΪŭǵµȨɫ͵ŭвٹ˾ۼһֱЩ嶼ŭǵǵǳŭƣŭֽ׼
ԴӹĿݹɢ˵ıͨĸ֮ŭϱ˱㽥ٶԹĹʵˣŭġˡù忪Щ⵽ľܾ֮󣬾ͱսЩ´ΧսƻŭǵĽṹͽսŲǺ֮ˡ
ż򵥽˵һ飬ʵŭǣΪʲôɣ
ʲôһ£ҡͷŭֻΪѰˣѰ֮ұ뿪ŭˣҹء
ôһ˵¶һı飬ԥһ£˵֪ΪʲôŭͻȻСˡ֣㿴ǡˡ͹֮⣬ΧǻΧ˺ܶˣ˵Ϊλ
Ȼ̽ʣѵ飿
Цˣ˵ͷȻඡգ۾ͷƺڵȴյѯʡ
տôһ飬һ֣˳ˮ۵ʵʲô飿
ǰһž޴ĻǴ׹뵽ŭǵĵصļ죬ĺܶŭϵʿûиоȵһЩѰǻ׹ĵطʱ򣬷Ǹ޴ĶѨ֮УȻǻǵټ
Ŷһ£ƺڹθڣּձֳȤı֮󣬲ֽ˵ãŭǵǳۼһشĻ֮ɢŭǵ¶ȿʼԽԽߣص֮УʱʱҵĺĽ֮Уŭɢ£رʼѣŭϵֲ׷׿˽صֵ̽ص֮пʼҫ߲ˡ
ζʲôһɻ
СӣйԴĴ˵ôһ£ʵ
˵һЩرŽ󡣡
ŵ˵ͷƺ⼧յ̬ȣ֣صŭһ֮ǣͻȻڵ֮ҫ֣̫߳ףܷŭǵĵص֮СʥסڣֻԴԡ
˵ŭǵǳ֮УԴһִڣ˹
ϣžȻֱҡͷȷ˵ŭǵǳ֮УӦԴڣǡʥס֮⣬Сסڣ֪סô
յ˵ͷ
סҲԴһ֣˵⡰סǻǵ̬֮ĿĵķţϲǺ֮еĻǣЩǺ֮зŵĻǣӻϻȡ
֮䣬˵һھԴ˵һִţʡ
ʲôţǱ˺ġ
κ˾ۼؼľԴ𣬲ܹɹںˣͻƵ֮һ£ٴ׳ըװָۣĻ֮ռ֮
һݣǾ
ź⼧յı飬ˣԴ֮Ҳ໥ںϣһԴԼһȷں֮ԴҲԴﵽռ֮ΪؼΪһִڣ
ٴξ
ǰǰŭǵġסһ֪ŭ֮СʥסĴڣǰŭǵĿģ϶ҪʥסԼʱŭǵص׵ı仯϶Դ֮ˡ֮Գ͹彻棬Ϊܹ廮ĽϣܹѰԴ𣬽Դȡˡɫ
ԭôһ¡˵ͷտ˿ЩΧߣһۣʵǻҲΪԴ
ô˵ЦЦֵȴԼܹõԴҪĿĻǴµЩѾͷʶʶ˳ϾԴȡǾԽԽ׵õҲҪԵģ˵ҴЩѾͷֻԵء
Դ𽻷棬ŭһޱȰɣͻȻʲôɫһ䣬æʵ
ǵȻһȻ̬ʱ䣬ܶΪ΢ʿŭϳȥˣһЩļһЩﵽ۷֮ĺ֣ûж˵ŭǶˡ
ãһܿˣ
ֻ̱Ϊ΢Ǿޱϵ֮ŭϣÿʱÿ̶ž޴ʹȵĻ֮Ǽ尾ŭϣпܻᵹˣ
Ѿͷôôɵ
֮ͨΪֻҪһͿԸӦ̱漣Կ̱ŭǵһɽ֮ϡ
Ϊ˵̱ʼû뿪ŭǷ˴֮ĬĬһɽ֮ϵ
ллһպлᣬлһż糤磬ٳŭǡ
ιյؽеô࣬дģ֪˵ԼĴ㣬վûټŰղѣС쵰һûء
ϧղû
ֹһʱ䣬ŭǲ˵Ľ룡һɭ׵ĹǴ̳ŭ֮⽻֯ɹһǹϷĹ֣ɭɭȵ
ļļղŲܹܲܵһŭ֮󣬽·йǴȫ飬˲˹˵ķһͷŭǡ


584 
ŭգһشػһ𣬳ĻƣЩ޴ڣӵյÿһ䡣
ŭǱǱȽȵ֮ǣʥס͡סڴˣ׼໥ɺŭǵ¶Ⱦ͸Ӻˡ
˹ķһŭǣ㱻Ļ׸ˡ
ϣȫŨҵĻףعѣһЩݵĺӹѾɿݣ¶˵ص׵࣬һֲȵĸɺǳﶼʼȥһЩΪտǿߣЩ֮ͨʿһǳ֮ϴʱ̫Բһ顣
ˣҹĽأô߱ҹΪУ뿪һͻȻһɽĶ˴ɽ֮һŴ޹ǶķݣһͰݵĹ庺ӣֱվɽϣۿŴļա
ŭǺΪ̱漵ˣ¶Ȼʺ̱һʿ棬֪һʱ̱ôģȴ֪̱һĲá
⸽Ƿͣһһÿɽ壬һŹĹʽڣһڹĽЩĴڣΪ˷ֹİ˵Ľ룬еʱ̡
һȥһһһȦȦ֮ĹⲨЩĽȫ֡
ǹĺӣһŭ𣬴Щ֮ðʮˣ΢֮Ϊûһܹﵽ֮
ʮ˳֮ȡʽĹų֮ĹⲨų
ϧǵʵޣЩ䵽йⲨ֮ϣȫΪ˹Ƿۣûκһֹʱܹ֮ĹⲨȻ͸Ӳ˺ˡ
Щס֮󣬼պһ㲻ٴǣһɽͣЩ˵ĴСУʶſʼѰ̱漵ټ
֮ͨſ֮ʶſ̼䣬ʶӳȥһɽϵĸϢӳļ䣬һָơ
ʱԼӦ̱漾ڸһȷĿ꣬ʶѰͼˡ
ã̱ϤϢʶ֮Գ̱漾ʮ֮һСɽ֮ϡ
ҵˣͻȻۣӰ磬绮ƲǣٶԶ

һȵɽϣʯֳɫͺͺģɽԭȴڵĲʱȫŭǵ֮£ЩΪĿݸɷȼɽɽ»شأϵĻƲңңӦ
ɽͱڴһӰĬĬվţ֪ˣͷذ׵ƣǺ֮ɵ
һٶˡ
һɽ֮ϣһ꣡
һڣһֱڿޣʲһʱ䣬֮֮һöľѾˣѾҪﵽ۷֮Ϊ
ˣſǳ֮ϳʱ䶺ڻûв֧ء
Ȼŭǵ¶ԽԽߣ෴ҲԽԽ࣬һʱԸо粻ˣľԪҲԼԼʼ
ʼˡ
ȴ뿪ֻǱһͷ˵ҵġ
һȥˣѾȺһٶˣҲ֪ԼҪȺãһֱȥͷȴδҡ
ӽЩƣ־ƺЩɢЩϵȥ飬Ǹˣ뵱ԼڽʮԺ󲻴Ƕ𵽵ǶǴ˺ܶ࣬ȴûһ𰸡
УһϵصŵӰһǰˡ
ϰΪˣЦЦګګֳˣֵԽԽƵˣҾԽԽˣҪȻ㲻ǰȥ֪һжֻǻþϣþܹһֱȥ
漡
Ǻǣһŭǵ¶ԽԽߣҵĻŻأȻġа롣
ͻȻһɴӿӦ͸оԼסǿֲһϢĸо̲ס
㱼䣬һĸоӿȫָǶصζڱ̲֮סƴ§ˣ·ȥһ
֪ȵˡ

ŭ⡣
һâ佻֮󣬹ռϷ磬˸˲ʹĴۣδܽˣȻһʧˣȴûò˼˫ŭǵǳּ֮ۻۣŭĿԡ
źһЩĸ֣ԹۣԴԼ⡣
֪˶ãŭ֮ϣͻȻһޱȵĻײЩŭ֮Ũף·ʲô׷׳ŭǷȥ
ȥܶ˷ЩŭϵĻףҲʼٳĳۡ
ɼΪԵĻ壬ͻȻŭǵǳ֮¶ŭ֮ĺܶˣԸоԴϢ
ô£һ֣֮һΪʲôԴͻȻӵص֮зݳˣ̫ˣһ˵ԴǳΣֻҪӵǻ۵Դ𣬶֪ĸֶͼġ
˭֪ءľһҡͷҲһɻ󣺡ֻнŭϣܹ֪׷ʲô顣
˵һЩΧһ۾ȻȤ
Զǹˣڴߺȣ÷˵˲׼̤ǽأ˵һЩвĻ
¹ܹˣ֪˭һ䣬ͻȻ䣬ЩֻΧ۵ĸ֣ƺͻȻĬ׷׳ŭǳ˹ȥ
׼룡Ÿոս˸ѹסĹ֣һʼ㼯׼ϳµķֹ
ЩΧΧǿǳм˵ľǴﵽ֮ͨЩһЩ˿ԱģЩչжķԵЩˡ
˺ѣӲݻ٣ȻĵطһΧߵĲ֮ǵķȴԲ
ܿأһӰ˹ķŭǣǸӦȥ
һ֮ҲԸԵЩݺݺࣺ֮Ϊģҹȥ֮ģʵûҵķԸĶȥСһ㣡
֪šЩ֦չŮһͷ
šŵ˵ͷһˮĻӣŮסΪһļˮӿŭǡ
ô£ѵΪǸСӵԵôϣƺŹŹֵĲĪĵԴ쳣
ڳŭǷȥʱüͷи档
ͻȻƺʲôɫһ䣬۾͵ˣСӵĿ϶Ǵֽ𺣵ļգ


585 
ԭ䵱Χߵĸ֣ڷŭԴ֮Ҳ಻סˣ׷׳˹ŭǵķһŭǡ
ԴϢɢŭϣֻҪΪտĺ֣һ̤ŭǱƾϢŨ̶ȷ򣬽ŷʵٸȥ
һڱǳϵĸ֣ȷĿ󣬸;Щˣһٶȿ籼ףȫŭǵϷɳۡ
һشŭĻףҲһݶȥһЩӦΪ΢ָ˷
ˣֻҪǽŭǵˣ֪ںδˡ
ŴżˮڵŮҴҵǰУ֮ͨΪˮĻǼˮڵŮȫסЩˮĻŭǵĸ½Ӵˮء
ЩˮĻסŮȴȸԾˮĻ֮еǣһܲȸ£ŭǵһо
ţǿˮˮ֮ԴʲôϵлõԴôһСӵĿˮڵŮˮĻ֮£̲סѯʡ
һڣЩߴߴлŮҲ׷¶Ȥı飬׷׷Լ
ѽˮйأЩһֱںˮ֮ôܵõԴأ
ţ˵ҪһõԴ𣬻᲻ֱӱ
ЩԴʶҲ϶ѡǵģǺǸһ԰̫һ㣬˵ǲǰţ
ЩŮߴߴˮĻ֮гţš
΢΢һЦЩѾͷ֪ĿɰûκλõԴԴĺǵ壬һǧô
˻һЩŮһ׷ױʾԼĲ⡣
İɣԴһĻ治ͬԺκεݵġˣΪԴԼʶѡԼںϣĻǲſԸĽøӵǿ󡣡Ŷһ£Ҳ˵ͻ෴ǣϣõԴǡ
ôЩŮôһ˵һǾϲ
ףţ㿴һѯʵŮͻȻָǰľȣԵúǾ档
ôһ˵ȫԶ
ֻһʰ̻һĻף֮вϵظţһצĽкʲôһ̫һԲλףۼڶĻƶ䣬ҲԻεš
Ȼϣֻǳһۣͳ
ףǼһﲻǸոպ㽲ôһŮҲţһ˭ΪʲôԴΧ
Ǽաüһ䡣
գеŮĲ˼飬ʻŮһ֮ˮĻ֮һǻǽ޴˵Ǽһ˵ģɱͻˣģѽ
ţ϶ֻԴˣܹáʥס͡סһӵصðſ϶

ңңҵģ̻һĻ֮У
ҵģȫҵģһ̫һĻ֮дӤһѽѽƺ̫ὲ
Ȼǡסǻ۸һ㣬;֮УѾ̫Ǻ֮еǣõ㹻֮ӵ˸ߵȵǻۡ
ʥסѷɫһЩŭϾۼҲûǻ̫ĽչҲΪˣǡסһŭǣ;ÿԽˣŻǺ֮׹䡣
סĿıǡʥס֮󣬾ص֮к͡ʥסʥסȻŭǱϾǡʥסĵ̣ĻۣʥסŭϾۼ̫֮
Щ֮ƽﶼɢⲿջ۵ܺͣİ֮£ʥס͡סսʱ򣬲ϵҲϵزţ֮£ܹ͡סƽ֡
ԭţͻȻһͬĽ٣ͬ໹ЩͬѰȻͬں壬ұշˣֻǴʱǿûǻ۳ڣҽΡ
һ֪ںԴ֮ͬ࣬Ǳ޴󣬼ʱգһԽһֲĸ߶ȣʱһ꣬˵ᱻɡ
Ϊ˱Ǳͬûнвǵľ֮ǰˡ
һĻԵ
ֻҪܹδͬʳˣһϾͿԸһ̬һηޱ䣬ҿϽԷһˣһںͬں߽мĿܽͬһˣﵽء
ôһ޴ջǰһһжˣϣܹڵġ桱ˣȻٽԷգռĵ·޴һ
ˣǼһжӵص֮ð֮˼գףԼչĹϣܹõڵġ桱
Ǻܿ췢㻹ЩѣǵͬĳߣҶû壬ǵĹ֮£һȻԴݲȵӦϾһŮ͵ȫ֮ء
ңԴԼ࣬Ǳ΢֧ǣ̻һĻ֮Уϵشסţǻ۸һЩȻܹһ׵
Ѿ֧ˡЦЦȤĿԾŵĻףٴںϣΪ֧һӣ˵ֻҪȫںˣҿԴﵽռ֮ǿǼΪľ簡㲻뿴ô
ҪҪҲҪΪ˵ĸӹһšʥסѽѽеȥô仰޷ǲ뱻գҪʧȥԼʶΪһ֡
ǲ䣡ǡסţһβʻףҪش̻Ļ֮зݳӿسżճȥ
һ̲ǿ֮޼᲻ݵĿͷҸŷձըĿ֮ͨǿߵȫһһ֮ͨΪʿֹ֮¶ȻΪǱ
ΪԴŸ͸ϢƻԷһУѪ֮ԴĹ֮¸ӵױճ˸ɡ
ȴͬΪ⣬Ѫ֮ڴ߷ֻ֮ĳ֮£Ȼܣȴܹܵס
ҪǣûԪһֻ塣
Ԫһֻ壬ı֮ҲȻΪԴȻ֪ԴԴȴԴĹʽǳϤжϳκһԴȱ㡣
֢ҩܹȡ˼Ч
ڻԪְİ֮£Ѫ죬ûбͿԵ޽Ĳϳס͡ʥסֹų⣬˺
Դʱ˼磬˼ӦȡԴ𡪡Ҳûģ


586 ֮ս
źЩڸĺֵʱԴսʱ̣ס͡ʥסù£һͷԴΧһŻǻһƹܱߵ򳹵֡
ס͡ʥסͬΪԴȻȻģǽյ˹ͬĵ˿Դһʼ໥ǣƣ˺ǿʼ֣һԼʩѹԴҲνһۡ
һʼʱ߸ΪսһһԼռֽϮһ﷢ֹ𵽵Ч֮߿ʼΧżղϵתǵĹ
ʱյʱԾЩˣܹǿӦ
ֹһʱ䣬˵û䵽ϵʱ򣬾Ϳʼ;ˣԴ⣬κһԴֻҪҵȷеķԴԴ֮Ȼںϡ
ס͡ʥסף;һһ̣䣬һۺ̫֮»˲ΣһŻڳεһֳ̣˾֮ķ֮
δռĹ֣ǹ־ЩܲסһۿɼĹԳ
ã
һݣԴںγɵ»棬ֳǿķ֮һĹ£֪߷Ĺֺѵֵ
һֱҶá桱Ϊ֪桱Դһ桱ͬͬԴ֮£⡰桱ᱻס͡ʥסӶ뿪ȥԴͬˡ
桱ԴĿġ
ȻԴĻں֮γɵ˲䱩ʮֹγɣԼĳڹһԥֻܹ߶ڵġ桱ˡ
һĵˮƣڰãã֮ӿԼΪģһɼɭϢʼð̼䣬һ򳹵֡
ϢȦһ˿˿鶯ԾţԼ֮Уһ֮š
׵硢ԻһγɵķȦǳĹ죬Ȧˮˮ֮׵֣Լ֣֮Ȧĵˮƣɢȫ
桱ǡʥ𡱺͡ڤ桱ں֮ԴΪʥ𡱺͡ڤ桱ں֮ǰǻ۲ߣҲޣںϺġ桱ûбֲֳ
桱ϾԴԴں壬̬Ҫ߳ǡס͡ʥסһγɵȦȻҲŲͬѰá
ʵϣ
쳣ķȦı£ɡס͡ʥסں֮Ļף֮󣬾Ȼ
ɫĻ׹㣬ɵＤΪŲӵ̻ȦĵˮƳͷźӿˮ֮Уˮ֮е׵֮в˼
һ˿˿硰͡ţЩĻ׸֧飬Ȼס͡ʥסγ»Ӳ뿪Դϸơ
»֮γɵĹҲܹԼγв֮󣬲ûܹԼκεˣȻˮܴһ㣬ʧˡ
ͬһʱ̣ĸӦ桱ԽԽǿƺӶԷĹ֮Уõĺô
桱ı仯üպϲôһ͸ӰˣǺ޲öԷĹƸӿһ㣬Ļ桱ܹõĺôȻҲˡ
ԴȻԸһһ֡桱ɵĻײǵĹƣǵգһֹͣ˹Ȼһͷ߳
ס͡ʥס˼Ĺű壬ŵĻף͵س˼յķȦһﱾ嶯֣ˮܹγκε谭
һ̼ͻ㣬˲ˡ桱õĵڶĵĲƴֹͣ˹ӣǲƴ
Ĳ͵شһĻϴԴе໥
ڼڵġ桱֮£ʼܿƵҪðҪɻںһ
·һֻҪԴ˴໥ɣ˭ܹռӵʶҪɵĹ֮У˭ѹԷ
ǡסǡʥסǼΪǿ壬ǵǻ۽ϸߣȻҲΪǿһֻӵʶĿԸֻײκμյʶϢ
һһｫ桱ˣôսӵжԡ桱ƿȨγɵĻױؽȥ
ˣռķ
ϵֻ׵Ҫһֱǣֱǵɡ桱൱ĳ̶ȣŻá桱߽սȻƾš桱һ
ҲԼСֻ̣տ϶ȴԲڡ
ڼȥֵ桱Ҫ뿪ͷԻԪİԼԾΪۣǿѹơ桱ͬʱҪֵڡס͡ʥסϴݳĿֲ
ȻЩĵıϢ˲һǾôһﶯõǱ壬ЩѰˡ
¶ԽԽߣҪвʱ򣬲֮£ڱ
ף⣬һﾹȻ壡
ãǧܸ˵õԴ˽ռ֮嶼Ȼ꣡
Ǽգ϶һϵͻ֮ıɱйأ
Ȼˣã

ЩΧߵĿУͻȻһȣЩ˸ȫɱġ
ȴûһ˵ȳ֡
һǹ˼һ桪Ϊͨĸ
ͨĸЩرѪֶΣ˺ܶ壬֮ǰһЩ֮ĵ˶ʧأԼķʽάˣúܶ˶п־塣
Щ˺ͨĸѪȱˣȻһţȴ˭֣ƺڴű˵ĳ֣ڴűĵڴ
ﻹĺܿˡ
ǹ壡
ƺĿݹɢҲڻֻ֮Ǿϵͣǰһʱűͨĸˣڻչû
ҲΪˣзð͹ΪУΪ֪ݹɢܳΪ
Թ޼ŭǵĹˣǵĵϾȻһ֮еĹ˶ˡ
κοһĹˣһʵͲñ˰ռԴǣû˿ԥһܲسɱǰеĹˣŭǣǶȻ
Χһ˷ڴŹĻ𱬹ƿЩ֣лֵԴԼܹ̤ռ֮


587 ѹ
ȹĹˣȫ֮Ϊ
Щ˵Ǻη֪Ϊտһ״̬ȻҲҳɱ
֮ΪһǺ֣ʱŭ֮ϣΪ׸µĴڣŭϵʿĶ֮⡢֮ͨĸҲټ
ˣʱ֮ʿĲʲô
һ֮ʿΧɱûȥǡס͡ʥסĿ˼յϡ
ȻǶȽոնɱˡ
Щ˲ı֪վ֮ҲûѡսϾΪǿƵĵط֪ǿȻǿУΪµĽս塣
֮ΪĹˣڼյǰͣû̫ԥǾȻԼϳһؽӨɫĹͷһͷҲ֪һ֣޵ÿһҫӫ⣬Եü
һӨ׵Ĺͷг֮ˣ֮һϥһڿӨ׵Ŵǿ³עеĹͷ֮ϡ
ݹɢ˴룡һеˣ̲סһ
һкȴ֮ЩͻȻжֻһ׹ͻȻϿһ˲仯Ϊһ΢ϸ֮Ĺ룬ǳϸСѼΪһ׹⣬ٿ˼ա
֮ΪĹˣȻ֪һĹԼЧ漼ǿݹɢ˴ģԼڵһĹͷΪۺ˹Ĺ뾫;ԪѸ磬͸ҲΪֲ
ԽϸСĶԽԶԸ߸ͷΪ֮ǧ˼ա
Ϊòļգڼѹڵġ桱֮ǿȴЩԴڡ桱ɴڣԴʩڼϵѹȴһӼ˲١
ֻǿԺԴš
ȻϮ֮ȴϾȥֵֻܹƾǿӲ
һܼġžϱЩϵĹ룬׷ױ飬ûܹ͸塣
ǻһЩ룬ȴ΢֮Ĵۼ׷϶֮н룬شۼ֮Ƥϡ
ʹ󣬿ɹ֮ȴŹеĹһǹȡ޺ǿʬ֮еĹԼľԪۺ֮γɵ⣬ҲһЩá
ͷ
һƤϣһ˿˿΢Ĺ͸ֻûͷģ˵̹·ɹչԡĺǿֱҪ˯ˡ
Ȼôһؼʱ̣ǻ˯ȥؽѹš桱ҲԵԴĹ
ڹ룬ǳ΢΢һʼôûжЩЧĵֵʶĹ֮ʱƺѾˣΪʶиڵġ桱ƿء
桱Ȼ֮зݳˣ
͵Ⱥŵġס͡ʥסһ桱ðֻһ˲䣬ӿˡ桱ҪٶȽ桱ˡ
ڡ桱ðͷһ̣ԴͻһԴΪϢ͵ؾһ𣬱˴˵Ϣ໥ֵĲɿ
һĸоӳļ䡣
ôһ򣬼ͻȻԼ͡桱ϵӲжˣڡ桱Ϣ֮УӡһʧܿأվȻѲ桱Լ΢ϵ
ã
һݣʶ֮뵽Ĳջء桱Щ˽
һ֮ðҡһ£׹ͻȻзݳһӳ֮Ĺ֮С
׹ǻ֮ǿ߾ҹһͷȻ״̬ſֲɱ׹ûһ˿ʴ֮ȥ֮ϴɱ䣬ˣûз֮ȱ˲նɱ
ˣһβһվæź󷽳룬׼ȸĹ˹ٶԼճ֡
׹ý׷ᡣ
վǶĿ߶ڵѪ֮Ѫڣ̲ڵѪ֮ڹͷĹ̼䱻ϻָ־״̬һɨա
־ָ֮󣬼վһŷ͡桱ϵڣֻѾǳ΢΢ҪȥܣܹϵĴڡ
ʱȣ֪ʲôʱĴ󲿶ӻҲ֪⡰桱ܹ֧Ŷãؼʱ̣һֽԪ֮еħͷųٿ֮ϥ
ƾһ΢֮ϵŴ߶Ԫ壬Լľɢȫӿˡ桱֮У֪Լľڡ桱ǻ۴аһ߽롰桱һߴ߶ڵγһȦȦйĻԴһס
ͬһʱ䣬ľž޲Ȼ˲׹̫¼֮
еı仯·еĳ꺣֮УĸܵԴ֮Ľ棬ԿԴơ
桱ȻһЩҪǡסǡʥס໥ǣƣ˵桱ܿͻᱻһͬˣǡסһס桱ʥסһ֮Ҳסˡ桱
Դ𲻶ϵسš桱ӿ룬Ϊ˴ͬͬԴ໥ʱҲ໥ƣӣںϵٶȻҪŻ̫࣬ҲΪˣǡסǡʥסܹ桱ʱͬ
ͺñ˴ܣԷɵˣôҴһΪǿԼҲսͣԽûбϴеأǿ֮䣬СһܹҵһĿռ䡣
桱ǽһΪԴԼԹӲдûбʱȫյ
Ȼյľӿ롰桱֮к󣬱ġ桱ȻռһǿҪʧӡȻһţȻԴıһС顣
һϲʶַЧæؽԼľӿ롰桱ϣ桱ܹԴˡ
壡һʮˣͻȻԶðΪһˣȻ֮ͨΪ󣬻ʮˣ֮Ϊ
ǹŭǿһ
ħ֮˫аĹâһһɲħͻȻ֮ӿǵأȻնסˣһ޴ޱȵ֮ƾֳ
ÿһ֮Уħ·޾ͣϢһ㡣
Ԫ֮п޶ħ壬ڹؼʱչֳǿһ棬һ޴ޱȵĴųƺܹǺ֮޴ڵħһȡ֮֮ߵļơ


588 Ű
սʱ䣬һʱڣ΢֮һͻƵ֮֮ͨٶȿνǺš
Сһۼ֤ߣǺô̵ʱڣ˿ֲĽٶȡ
ħ壬ڽ֮ǰΪЩһֱԪ֮ڣԪ֮ڵţڰ̵塣
ԪԳһ磬أųӯ֮һ̲е쳡Ԫ֮УħʼնڲϵؾۼΪãһֱڿ
УձüչͬʱԪΪǺɫ䣬Ԫڵб仯Ԫڿ޵ħ壬һõĳĺô
ô֪꣬һħ嶨ȻͬѰȻΪħܹʿȼȣ֪һħ嵽״ﵽ˺־硣
ֱ졣
ħ뿪Ԫ飬Ȼڲ񷣬⣬һԪľ޴ħϵشЩ֮ðݳ޾Ƶģŭƺûˡ
Ũī֭ĳħУħɭһ֮һħۼ仯֮гֳһֳħߣħͨī񣬳ֳɺڰЯ˶ɵ׺ݺͲбħΪģŰһУ
һħһȥǼ䣬ŭǳҹȻһ˿
Ũħ֮У˵ȫܵӰ죬ĿܼȲʮףħ֮֮죬ǵʶһ裬һϵԨУɼ֮
ǧħ߳ȥŨī֭һħŤŴֳӣħ֮һаϢúܶ˾̲ͨס˳Ϣܡ
Ũī֭ĺڰħУһҰ˻֮ͷƤ飬ֻԽԽ䡣
ǹ˷
죬絶棬ǵ⵶棬˵Ĵ̶ܡ
ڰħУȥ֮⣬Ա߸֮ǵĸ֣ЩĻһɱŵĳħǲƣħ֮аϢڹ˵
ܶ˿ʼĺˡ
֮ͨΪţ죬ԿˮڶеˮĻڵЩͻŮס׼κ˲뿪ˮĻ
ţôðһһģһˣһˮڵŮǾ
ˮĻУЩ֦չŮʱüͷˮĻ֮޾ĺڰħȻʶΣһʵ
ڶꡣһ֣µһＫΣգڶӵеѷɫ̫ࡣħ֮УŲ׼κ˿ڣֻҪʵʵҪͼӽһЩǵ飬Ĺήٵϡ
ذ
ڴʱһʧĽӦһˣһֻŵľ֮æûж⣬ֻǣֻ·ˣҪɱңҪ
һ֮һ˵ĽкȻֹ
䣬ٴγˣļһǰۣһǾԹۺˣҪͷˣǺԴԵˡ
ţ֮ͨľ磬ѵҲ²ɣһŮеһ£߷߲ƽƾʲôô谡ԴֲģǵģӦøÿ˹ƽĻᣡһ̫Եˣ
ſЦҡҡͷ̾ҲǺ£ֻǡҾûбҪǿˮڻȻЩЩ֮ĴУҿˮȴͬϣʱԽȥһĳɾͲɶԿɲǡ
͵ʱм˲ҽʧȥϢЩ֮йˣҲбĺ֡
ŨĺڰħУħȻţɫаͱ壬һ޷ĿͰ裬ٺЦֵĳκˣֻҪҽӽʮףҶͨͨǹ
ʮ֮ڣ˼ʮʬ壬ÿһʬ״һϵļȿ־֮飬ȴһģһ
Щ֮ǰȻ˼Ŀ־壬ֿ־巴Ӧǵϣֱˣδˡ
ʮŨħ֮еʬ壬֮ûй켣ƯţɱŵĿ־֮ݣ𺳡
Щ֮У֮ĺ֣ʱȴƺûκεķ֮һЩ֧飬ֽźͷ­ѣ֫ʱʮ׿⣬ǺڰħŨѪζǽѪ
ʮ֮⣬һ֮ͨΪĸ֣ȻǷɱһգڲϵصţҪҪð֮ԥ
Ǽʮʬ֮ǰ֮ΪʿðȻ֡
֮ͨΪļ֣ԾԾԵͷһ裬ĬĬżյʵŵʧ֮ǰжϡ
СӿԶǹֵ֮ͨһкȡ
Χǹֵ֮ͨĺȽУ̲סʶӦһ֮ͨǿߣǧħ߸Χţħ߶ѻ֮Уڼţһħߺɱȴɲܹʱħ߶ѻ֮г
ħߴԳħǧɣħſʵԣȻǱϾֻħģǷǣֻҪΪʩߵļħϵע룬ɿ¸һεĽק޾Ԩ
ˣǹ֮ͨߣϮɱħߣֻᷢħ߲ϵӿΧס·ɱ֮ϵĴܸС
ʶڲϵɱħߵḶ́Ǻͼħ໥ƴɱԵḶ́ɱħҪħһҪֻ֮໥໥ƺ⡣
ֻ˭Ϊֻ˭Ը㡣
ȻԶ벻ħħõԼһ޴Ԫֱ֮ӸŲƳģЩħҲԪʩչġ
ǰ֮£֮ͨĸ֣һʼͰˡ
һƽս
ֻмһ֪ЩڸΧȻ֪࣬ʶΪյһ֮ͨߣѾ̫;ӦϾӦϮ
Ϊ֮ʮŪôһ߾ʬҪǣǲ
ΪǰڿճǼƣ
Դһ˵ģһлȡʸ񡣡һľ֮ͨǿߣڷ˼֮϶˼ոϾӦϮ΢΢һЦ֮󣬵һ̤˽˼ʮ֮ڵ


589 Ϊ
ʸ񣿡ħЦֻһʸֻбҸķݣұؽΪԴ֮κƻߣΥעˣΥߣȻҪܳͷǵһ
һ̫ˣ
һľܲˣΧһЩΧ߶һŭһ֮ͨߣŭСӣ˼ǶԸ㣬ǶԿעˣ̫ˣ˼ǽԼڼΪ졯ˣ
ҾǵԼˣħЦŨī֭ħ˲һīΣ͵سǵһ̤ľȥ
ħԼյڶɣһ̵ֱİ壬аħԴͷаԵħγħĵڶ꣬Ҳ̫༧յĸ
ˣȻħͼձһģһԸȴȻͬżյһ档
Ԫݷ̫ˣħѹŵɱ¾֮ҪйˣҪħ廹żձʶԼ޲ý˶ɱˡ
ɱħıԣܹõͷţԥȥɱΧˡ
īΣ˲佫һľסˣһ֮ͨΪǿߣʶͨԲ֮ħǿת켣һħǿƣϽ仯
һ㣬һľĸ֣ľ츳ͨľˡ
һľľβɴݣǶһڹǣˮ֣ر̬һͲܹľľ֮ġ
ǣ˻һ֮ͨľˡ
˲佫סУһɫ糣ľȻ䳰ȷô㱾ôҹȻûв´ԸǸļһѾǼˡ
ס֮еħˮһ㽫ûħ޿ײ룬һֱëϸ룬ͼӰĵֿ־ݻ١
ľ֮֮ͨľ֣ľ֮ȷŶ֮ħȻԽԽ࣬ȴûһ˿ħܹľ֮壬֮С
ҲΪˣŵƣΪơ
ƣЩΧҲһ֮ͬͨΪЩһڴţڴͻƼյķߣ嵽յԣһһЩΧ߽Ҳ˿ԥ
һŭ֮ͨĸ֣һɭЦݣصżգһСһÿģ
˼ź棡ħͷϲƺöԽǿ󣬽Ȥ
ˣһħͻȻһħСϪһ㣬ӿ֮С
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ͬʱһаɱ񡢼ȿֻŵͷ糱ˮһӿȥȫһľˡ
һĺڶ֮ƾֳǺڶ֮żŤ֮ƺҪκ˵궼ѳ
â溣ڶֻ꼼ȫڰ̵ЩħһֱԪ֮пް̵ְ壬ڰİ⣬Ѿ˱塣
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ħ깥ƣ·һ㽫ľ˸ûˡ
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ô󣬳缫֮⣬һԭ򡪡һＫɱһӣһΪУȫңϸ׶Źν˼µķħ
Ԫ֮ϣûѪԪ飬ձԪɣø³ֻȼ֪ЩΧȴ֪ˣڷּպʩչһ֮Ͻ϶Ϊ֮ͽ
ôһЩֿʼӲðȻˡ

һԥǰʱһīסľ֮ͨߣͻȻͷ߿Ѫ
һѪڱǡ䡢۾ЩѪȻۺɫ产ˣ
ڴ˾ޣħԪʩչ֮еĻ꼼޵ķŴˣһľˣȻ֮ͨΪľ壬ֻŷĹûüԲŻᱻ˲ش
һһľͲܹˣľ֮壬ֽػָ
Ҳʱ򣬼յħĳī֮С
ѾƲһսˣֱǵ
ħΧһľĸֿըһĹܼһһϡ
ڶըʱ򣬼ϡŹֵĻ꼼ҲûţһвҾ徵ɱ
һľˣû˻֮Ѫ죬ƺˡ
ΧȫưͣһǶޱȣһ֮ǰҪüպÿ֣֪ʱѾԶȥˡ
ϣʵĻϲͻȻӼյıд
ȫľãǡ桱ռ΢ѷɫһЩġʥסĴû֪䣬⡰桱ϢѾʤˡסˡ
һϡ֮ϥŵһķһѪ䵽ǻһľ޴һԴ֮С
ѪԴ֮˲ڻΪξӨ͸鱦ʯһѪѪתţǡ桱֮С
桱ٻֿʼֻһ˿˿׹⣬ԽԽִ󣬶ָͷһϸˣμյľѪע֮󣬡桱Ϣл̫༧յϢ
պ͡桱֮ϵԽӽˣ
סԲ֧ˣţƽⲻƽ㾹ȻѪǱһ壬Υ˹򣡡
ǣǱһӣǺһõĽҲעˣһʶڡ桱ʶѾǳˣˡס
Ϊˡʥסһλߡ

Դ˵ĵ˭ʶѪ֮УĸܵԴĽ֪Դ˵ġָˣѪ尡
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590 һ
Դֻʣ֣ǡʥסڡס͡桱֮УʧˣΪˡ桱һԣǿˡ桱á桱˺͡סʸ
շſ飬еľעڡ桱Уˡ桱á桱ڽм֮ߵĺҲİ֮£⡰桱ȻȡϷ磬ǡסѹȥ
ȥûʲôĻô桱ȻԽסɡ
ղСԼľȫע桱ԼʶԴУʱ̹עԴ֮֮лʲôʡ
Χ֪ʱǰ׹÷أվһ˫ĵѲΧƺ˲׼Ϯˡ
ħѾһľ֮ͨǿߴݲеĲˣ˫ع֮£ľ֮ͨǿߣѾһϢҪû֮
ԱߵΧв٣ȻȴҲûκ˵վ֮ǰƵһ֮ͨߣͲ֪ﵽʲôطȥˣϢġ
ҲΧУ˲һ˿ûҪ˼һȻĿŰľֵļħ壬һ˼ı顣
µκ˶֪յħһſֲľĸֻţڼԣһ߾ʬףʵʵڵģû˵ðչơ
ǶһȻżյħ˵ͷתȥˡ
ŵ뿪ƺһ̬ȣһ߿ЩΧԥһ£ҲȥЩȻǾòܹռʲôˣ֮£ֻѡˡ
ʱһѾûʲôˣħţҹĻһա
ڡʥסգŭǵĻףҲ֪ʧȥټŭ֮ϵĸ֣Ըоŭǵ¶½࣬ܶ˶û̹ˡ
ħƵдһħȷʱڲ˹֮󣬾Ԫ顣
ֻЩϵһͻȻƾʧÿһʧԪͻһӡ
ܿأŭؼգŨħȫԪ鵱ûˡ
һǰĻףȻŭǵ֣ʱһ׽׵ΧһشʻףЩ׾Ȼ֮ǰŭǵЩƴأǳ졣
һ׷·ǱżնģֻǼļͳħǰ
һشصĻѣǻԳһӰһ˫ĵ˫ֻƳ˼һۣߵҾ֪㣡
þòˡħЦЦڶԴʱ򣬲ôķ裬Ǻٺٵûң
ħͼһ£ȻȴŲټյĸܶ༧飬˵Ļȴᳵ·
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СߴߴӺ˷ܣһΪ˼գһ棬ΪĻס
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ձħ󣬴ʱȫ桱ֻ֮ɨһۣͷֲһģһļϵϢһ£ӡҲһģһ϶϶߿϶һǵڶꡣ
ǰദʱ򣬻֪ôһˣħĳԵ٩ʶնȻֻǵڶꡣ
ûʲôֱǱһ壬һħЦЦʵʲô
ŭǷôıʣףϵ˵ʱŭΪʺ˵ʲô
ҲײԵģǺǣϧһһΣҽȵǡ
ҷټ֮󣬾֪һǰˣ֪ҾͲӻǸˣ˷ҵʱ䡣
㻹ǵõһЩôģô
š
˵̸֮ͻȻ
һŲʵһʱ˵㱻ͨĸˣˣҵǸūô
Ȼһͻˣʶ֪ͨô
ɫͽȻһûգһ䣬ߺߵĵͷߣӰڻ֮кˣգҼţһ죬һڵģ
߰飬ô㲻ôħЦ
ӣ͵ͣͣżգҧгݵĻ쵰֪ҵȻʶƺѾһαװôһԹˣԹ޼֪ȴװ֪
ٴη룬ҲƵĴ߿һգ۹򣬾ʧӰ١
һðźӰȻԶһɽͷٶȼ죬ֻһΣ֮ɻʵոŮ˭
һ֮ǰѣõûħʵ
̱ЦЦɫЩ԰ףöˣעڵһҵƶָˣҾúܺˡ
ţҾͷˣһߡħЦŵ˵ͷ˫а
Զһħ߽ǹ֮ͨǿסһŭĹĸ֣ʱһ˿ûˡ
ͼձƴպľԼģ
ħһ֣ԪɳȥȽһһϢľĸס֮Уľ֮ͨߵ걻ӲݽԪ֮Уʧȥ֮һľĸϻΪһ䡣
Ԫûйͣһ֮ͨߵͶϣֶͬνһĸҲ˳
һǿߣʧȥ֮󣬺ľĸһҲŭǵ䡣
˵һԪ֮ʧ֮ϸоЩǱڰһЩһʼʱһǵĹӰŭǵȥˡ
Щĺˡ
֮ͨΪĸ֣꾹ȻһԪ룬ֿµ챦ǵ̫ˣвǰЩڷˡ
Ҳʱǡסڲ֧ˣʼϵġ桱ѹס
סʧȥ˷סҲһСһֻΪһشػ⣬ˡ桱֮У桱ϢԽǿʢաסٶҲԽԽˡ
µ񣬼֪һŭ֮ãѾĻϾˡ
ʱ󣬼ձһץԪģħ廯ΪһڹԪ֮У׹Ҳ֮ʧ
һץաסġ桱СһԪ֮У̱漳𣬽˺ǺӵС


591 Ԩ
Ԩ
ģɾžŰʮһž޴֮ɣžŰʮһ֮ϣеĸߵ壬塢塢塢塢ľ塢塢ȵ壬һЩԶŵ
ԨģҲΪĵطžŰʮһ֮ϣÿһ֮϶иĸ֣һ𣬴۸ӣҡ
һ˵ֻҪڵʿ֣ƿ״̬֮£ϣܹԨҵͻƵ
ΪԨڵϡԴһЩǰżֻҪΪ㹻ΪΪ£ЩԴƿ׶εʮʿлͻƵһġ
Ԩۼǿߣ˵ԨҲĵط⡢֮ͨĸֲ˵֮дﵽ֮Ϲ־ħҲԨ֮гš
Ȼ֮Ϲһǲģ֮Ƿ˾޴ıʣ򣬿ܼǧҲһ
ҹǣԨžŰʮһ֮֮һƿء
һ죬ҹϽһһŮеɫȻʼչŵ΢ЦŮˣһ׵ʣǣ֣ҹǵҹյ䵽ҹϵһ·ϡ
Ϊû̫֮Ǵڣҹûа磬ҹԶҹ֮Ĺһ£ͷĺ
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ţҹԨУɫȷΪ£ǺǣȻҲֻ˵ģ֮ǰҲûԨЦЦʵо
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аѾﵽ֮ˡ
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ݣ԰壬Ѫıļ˴ͣҲ֪ѪѣҲù壺Ѫ̫Ĺϸ⽫Ԥϵ鷳
һʧƣѪ彫֮꣬˸һùԲ̱漻ǹ壡죬Ѫʲô飬Ǻܵǣ
һСġ̱漽һ֣˫ˮ
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ģȹһҽһУҲ㸣ŴﵽģرҲ֪ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ģе飬һΪ׵ĸ㶨ġаһɫ
ֺаһʱ䣬ҹϴ죬֮󼧳ձ뿪ҹˣͶİǺ


592 Դ
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һſŵǳڼ֮صţǳǣбǿǣ֮ǳ֡
޴ʯһţÿһʯ϶ŻľЩʯԭ֮ǣ֪ԭѿű仯Ϊʯ滹вƵţһֺĸо
֮أһ˵ĸ֣йġ
˵Уһ֮ԻģΪ֮ǿ߽浼£֮ĸֽ棬һſ֮Ǳǣúܶǳѣһϵʯ
һͨɫʯ֮ɳۣĿģʯ֮дһſ֮εƺѰʲô
ɫʯ֮ϣһɫȻƺһֱڸӦʲôȴʼһ
ԣһزϵ˸ɫĻףɵţһߣһƴأǧ򻯣ƺԶᷳ
ԴЪЪôüͷԴˡס͡ʥס֮ͷǳоǰɣڶԸ֮дˣ㵽Ҫʲô
ѰҶҲѰҶѽ֮дһöҪұԴҪʣµļԴȫۼѵϣҴԸôܹۼʣµԴͿԴﵽռ֮˰
鼱ãԴӦôĵطôһʺĹطԴŹءҡͷ
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桱ˡס͡ʥס֮ǻ۴Ľӵ˼Ϊ̣ҿֱӺͼսнˣÿһ죬ϵϢͻ仯һ֡𽥵ıǿ
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Դ仯֮ǻ۴֪ͨһЩΪص飬֪ˡ
ռԴӡԴڡǾԴ𣬾ĸ壬ԶʥޣȵȵȵȣֻҪӵȫڡ
Դ˵ڵѪֱڡ
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Ҳ˵Դ˵ʵ
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ѯʸʱ򣬼Դȴҡͷˣ˵Ŀǰֻ֪ôֻ࣬нʣµԴȫˣܹһУ֪ࡣ
һʱ䶼ڼ֮УԴһֱ֪ʲôĿ磬геԪ顣
Ԫ龹Ȼǡ۾
ѹͨĸ˵ԪκεҪ£֮ŻǺ۾ȻҲ
ԼڵѪΪˣԼſԪ顱֮޷Ԫ顱ջڡԪ顱ϣܾΪûĻѪ
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Ԫ飬ǳɫʯվ૵ްޣ굽ںδأ
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Ԫǡ۾֮ǰһֱڡޡУԪĿѰء
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Ժ֮еͷʶһݽԪ֮УԪƺ֪һͼѰ˾޵ʶԪֳ֮֮ԪĻ
һȦɵĺ⣬ԪסԪתţһȦȦѼʶԸӦԪΪɢڼ֮أԶһֱӹȥ
ޱȵĸоͻȻڼյ꺣֮зӦ
ʱΧһʯͻȻ俪ʼº£һϢ䣬Щʯ֮ǣһӰ˸
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֮ڿٵķ仯ʱ䳤ӵһУѸٻָš
ͻȻʱĳˡ
һ貵ĹâǶ˸ţȻͻȻ鿪Ǳ鿪ĿͳܶǳӰ죬ޱȵǶֳЩ֮һǳ鿪Ϊʯ֮˲ǡ
һѩ⣬Ƕ˸ţ𽥵ıС𽥵һ㣬ͻȻûһڶ֮У˲ûһ˿Ϣ
䣡
ͻȻܣһлԭ״ʲôûб仯Ȼȴһ˿΢Цҵˣ


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ץԪ飬ջΪһ֮еĵ⣬ļ֮طš
Խһſǣһ޴ʯӹһԺ֮иӦȥ֮е˿˿Ƶ⣬ļٷ֮ԣյе໥
˾ޱΧɱ֮ǰΪǧ˿ƣ֮ôѵУֻһ꣬һа˴˾ʶͼ䣬Ǵ˾ӡ겻𣬴˾ʧ
걬ǰ˾Ӧǲ²⵽ԷŹˣǱ鿪Ƭв꣬ѰһΪ׵Ĳ㡪ڶ
ڶΪصڣ˵Уڶһġšڶ֮֮ĸ֣ҲѲڶ֮еĳ˾ԼУҪĨɱһӡǵǿȻ޼ƿʩˡ
ҽںڶУ˵˾ʶѾﵽ˲˼ľ磬ڶִ˵һġš̲ʲôտֲһ˿ġ
ǻ֮ǿߣҲԶڶܣһ룬ܷӺڶ֮߳һδ֪
˾ôȻŰյģǿ֮
ڴ˾ӦǴ˾ԼϾ򴴳ģ֪֮ѣһڶƾһͱ֮ϵ˵ԴӺڶ֮г
ֻԷѣܹһʧںڶУǱ˾ģⷽȻӾôںڶ֮УȷЩƾ̵ġ
հţٶȴδͣЪѸٳĿɳۡ
˸ʱ󣬼ճһ޴ʯ£ʯֳīɫûһһʯһ֮ǶҪһЩʯȴûκεֲﻨݣҲû޺ͱۼ
һոӦĺڶһʯĵ£һ޴ʯѹš
ڶֻȭͷСɫϵţ˾һڶδʳһʣƺֻһĺڵ㣬ûɢһ˿Ϣ
ôһ޴ʯ·ֻôһССĺڶʯ͹һЩʯ֮УǴɫûһ˿Ϣɢܲۡ
ǼոӦλãڼ֮ؿѰһڶҲԷĴڡ
˾֮Իѡôһĺڶ꣬ӦҲǿԣ˾֮ǰΪԼ˺·Żڹؼʱ룬ֹɣհ롣
ʯ·ȭͷСĺڶվĿȴԥˡ
˾ˣͻˣһ̬䣬Ż֮Ϊͨǻ۾ˣôһֲļһ᲻Լأ
ԼһɢڶһܹӺڶ֮гԼС£ɴ˾귽輫Ϊֲ˻ۣʲôطԼһסҪǺã
Ŀǰɼȴԥһֱܹ¶ġ
֮ԻȫΪһ㲻Ϥ˾ޣ֪ôһˣҿ϶᲻Լ
ʲôأԴͻȻ̬ˣǼһ궼ڣǲĶֻ֣һĻǸúġԴںϣֻ̬ļһһżİգڻ֮Ҳеţ
϶üͷ
ҿ϶
ðɣҾͽȥԡ
¶˾ģյҲûжȽħͰ׹һȻԼԴԪһҲܴȥԪʲôƣлԪԸǣҲʱȥȷֳһƻǽȥĻһô
Щձû̵İ壬ԴħаħˣˣħղΪģ׼ȶħһʶ
Ը˼Դһ䣬ձֳԪ飬ٴУħͻȻ۾ŽԼһ֮зѳȥسǺڶȥ
ѳȥһ꣬ûиѸٽ룬ǷǳؿǳС
ȻһͺڶӴ֮Ӧһ˲ӿ˺ڶ֮УһɹӺڶ֮бƺ򱶵Ӱ
˵ֻǼյһ꣬һ𿿽ڶеһӰ֮£Ҳûκεķ³һǾǱڶ
һ·ֲָĺڰ֮бϵطʱ·û壬֪ʲôֻǾԼ޾ĺڰ֮Уһֱźڶɳۡ
·˺ܾúܾ֮һ˿΢֮Ĺǰֳһƹ֮󣬿ʼ𽥵ı󣬼յһ겻ܿƵسǹٷɳۡ
䣡
ĳϣһ͵شӺڰ֮ѳһء
ȫһɫߣЩɫ飬һޱ޼ʵľһ˿˿ҰϢһžš
ޱ޼ʵľϣֳ˿ߣһԲε壬ÿһԲε֮жһӡǣ֮ϵ˿ͨЩ壬ϵĻ
ھκһһһ߼ʣ֪ж١
·֦Ҷھ֮ϵԲ壬֦ҶĹʵֻǣ壡
·һɫÿһ֮УðһЩǧٹ֣࣬壬й壬ҲһЩӵǻ۵ޣЩ궼־;һһ죬һһŻɫľͱֻһ˿˿֮Ǿ֮ʧ
ȻҪĳĺɫͷųһƸ꣬͸ĳЩĴڣΪ֮ϵ壬ӵꡣ
յһĳ۵ףһȻ֪⵽ôһ¡
ˡһ͵ȻһھͻȻԳ𽥱ֻһǹһ˵Ĳǰޣ֪˶ˡ
˾ޣʡ
ӣҸϲƺΪүүҺһֵܣȻΪ¾õԪ飬ӵ֮Ѫˣүү΢Ц
ЩʲôָžָžϵһԲε塣
ҹһԸĺڶΪۣϵո֮ûɢꡣ޵Цţ͵Բ֮е壬Ѿȥսʿ׼ǡ


594 
˾ⷬ˵赭дƺ˸һôѵ飬֮壬ҪսʿһǸˣȻΪǿһ
޵һ˼ռ𺳣˺һʵǻӡڣ
һ˵ֻΪﵽ֮ʿſγɻӡһʿ֮ӡǿתģܹתΪ˶ϡ٣ȴû㹻ý飬ͳ˴鷳ˡ
ӡˡҡҡͷһϧһѽٵ̫ͻأֻһ˲սʿͷ׷ױĨɱǳսʿӡҲһ𱻷ˣ֮ô꣬Ѱӡۺϵķ
һ𣬵ô˵Щ嵱еսʿˣ
ӡ飬ͺͨ˱ɱ𽥹֮һ㣬ĻǷɢһĺۼڣǲ¸˾һνǾ춯ء
ǵĵȷȷˡ޵ͷ΢Цκ鶼ǾԵģǳһŻӡڣֻҪҽʱ⵹Ϳ԰յǻӡ֮ǰĹɣȻͬķؾǵĻӡô
ס
Ǻǣ㲻Ҳõ¾ǳɱһҵϾűϵ𡣡޺ЦһͰ׵ݣûһӡ
Ըҽһ£Щɫ֮еںδôճĬһ£ͻȻ
һھгֳףԥһ£Ȼŵðɣһʸ֪һС
˶٣ŵЩɫͨһĺڶЩڶӵžۼ֮ãͨЩڶֻҪЩ֮е꣬ᴫݽģҲǿŦ
ֻҪ꣬һֻЩ֣սʿս꣬ٴǣҲ긴
ΪԶЩеĸֲ֮࣬߸ǲУô˭ҲôַѾܶռ
ҿԽҵӰɢЩ֮УҿԴһЩĻЩĻΪ飬ǻЩɱ䣬ΪҴҵ־ϵɱ¾ս꣬Щ궼ΪһΪҺսʿȡ
޻ͣȻֻſ³һźЩھϷһƻҰĵӾ֮һոմӺɫ֮ϡ
ֻһ֮ʿ־壬ӦͱЩƣʱں֮Ӱı֮£һȫµ壬һźĻꡣ
Ļ꣡պȻ
̫˴ǿ֮ˣӵ߳ĶһĻ꣬˵Ҳ̬ʵ֮䣬Ϣȴɻ
Ļֳ֮ڴ˾޵֮䣬˲һɫ֮УǺɫȥһУ΢΢һЦ֮ǰĻꣿ
յͷ޺޵һһ㱻һĻɵأ
ǿȤƺܸˣ˰֮⣬һŪĻɵֻһ֣֮⣬СӰ¾ѪЩŷΪɢڸУЩڵĿģս֮еսֻߵõĻŻԽԽࡣ
¾̫¾
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ƺ£ܣЩͽϵ֮һ油ҵǽŦЩսӵ㹻Ļ
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Ϊʲôһûг֣üʡ
һ򡣡ȻʧЦż˵ⲻô
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ԪУ¾㽫Ԫ齻ңٸ¾ݣұһеսʿˡ޹ЦҿԴѪԴĻڣֿԽսʿһĳ⽫Ƕôһ鰡ǲǣ
յĿأٴʵսʿһһ׼ʲô
Ѫϴ򣬵ʩϵɱ¾֮ҪʩǵϣǧսʿһؽԽЩɨսʿǿǿԵֵģ֮ؽٴǿգ
ǿԽɱζ֮ĸ֣һɱ㡣Ҫֻ֪ĸһ֮ߣ㣬ѾˣҪӦЩĻ֮ǿߣ
ΪҵĻͽģ޺ٺЦֻһǰڲãǼϹԼɱҵʱеռǵҲûԴȪҪȻôһ޴Ļ󣬴ͨЩĺڶ
ްȻڶֻ֮ϾҲ֪һЩϹָ²ⲻӵʲôһæԼռ˱ء
ߣͽ˼֪ΪңΪҵԪ飬֪һжҵ֮УͽջøԪ鷴ɵ³Ԫ鲻ջ䵽У֮ǰҾԪ֮˽ƣԪԶѰӵѪˣ֮ǣ䵽УΪɺϣ
ȼ仰ֽ⿪˼еһš
һֱΪʲôԪͻȻ٣Ҳǳ¼ҵ鱦ϣԪΪͻȻ壬һʼʱǾԼãԪ˽ڼԴ˵Ԫ֮Լ²顣
ڰ˵£Ҳˡ
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֮Ум֮ǿߣһЩСϢȴ֪֮Уһ֮ǿûл֮ǿ壬ֻܹΪ֮дΪġ
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ͨĸȻڣֻһ˰Щǿ֮û֣Ϊ໥ǣƣо岢ûʲô̫ĶЩвͨĸƴʯ٣ûд
һ޳ҽǧսʿҴǺɨĶȻ֮ǿߵ֣ʱҪӦ
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ӵ¾ΪҽԪˣֻҪں¾ҾͿдﵽռ֮ĿԣΪĻ壡һںϳһȻڱĻ֮ϣһͻƵռֻ֮ԭʼΪĸ֣֣кã޴Ц泩֮
˵ҪԪ黹ôУΪʲô㲻ϾңҾãάҪһ㡣̫а²أֻὫٲ֮أҲͬķճĬãͻȻ
ǿϧˣʱû˵ңñ˵Ȱ˵϶㲻ֻܹͬһַʽʵĲʢˡϧ
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ռ壡Ц֮ѪлʥѪڣѪļ֮Ѫʥ֮ѪںһһȫµĽ壬ѪǱһҪ󣡵õ壬ҿٺķѺܶྫռ֮ĻҲǿ
һ£޴ЦʵһֱңҪ˳˳ģģǲ˼ְ


595 Ŀ
˾ͻȻҲûгԤϣ֪һûôˡ
Ԫ챦䵽֮󣬸İԪΪһ壬ԪڵѪ̲֮ʶϵ֮ѷ롣
һǿнԪջأΪԪ˵ؽܴˣ綼֮ˣܳܵġ
֮⣬޻Ҫõ¾ȫóԸˣ˵ܹڶ֮гЩڶ֮սʿһŴȥ
ҰĲҪЩսʿŰ򣬵ʱؽͿ̿嶼Ϊ޵ҰĶʧأܷ˵ȻһȷѪ꣡
ȻѪûԼ˿ӲеĳŰ޵ҰĶԶ
ôЩңԶô񹲷ߵ飬¾ˡȻҰ֮µĲΪ𣬰޿νǲһУ̫аˣһˣؽѡ
ˣղ׼׳Ƴһ
һְޱˣû˿ԥһƷݽ꣬ϰԭ·أҪĺڶ뿪ðԶںڶ֮дȥ
²޵ʱǳȥڷڶͬʱӦҲԼˣ֮Ԫ½ƣֻ֣¾һ𣬻Ԫ飬пܴ
ֻҪ뿪ԺҲðȻ룬޽һֱڶ֮дȥֱܹѰ⿪ϵµ
Ҫôھֳ֮ݣһһж֮еЦݣô꣬˵˵߾أ
֮һĹâէ֡
һ˿˿ɫĹˮһһȦȦɫĲƵڶ硣
֮ڶ֮е緢Եı仯ϵƺͻȻնˣûһ˿϶ûһ˿ü뿪Ļ֣·綼֮Уκ˶Ӱ졣
㲻߲и룬ҵôãоٶҶƺˣӲĵġ޹Ц
һƷ˺ڶе꣬·ţڶ֮вϵתתȥҲ뿪·
ڶ֮⡣
յıȻɫصϼһﶯˣ
ƴˣԴɵһŻףɫɫɫɫʳϵر仯ţһǻ֮вϵֲۣϵطѣÿôһα仯ԴϢʹһ֡
ȻȻ壬ƺ֪潫ҪԵǺֵȼ
ϼһ̫ˣҲǶ֡ձҡҡͷնһ꣬ƴܴҲܹʧ
ʶ˴˾޵Ŀֲ֮Ż֮ΪϼһһĽɫĻѾһУڵȴ
ģôںڶ֮ӲȻһȷľ
ڶȵһͻƵ֮Ȼпʤϼһǵѡ
׼նϺһϵ뿪ԽԶԽá
ľȷģϧľƺҲڴ˾޵֮У׼նһʱȴȻ
һ֪ʱǺڶ֮ͷųһΪҲŤԻһӱÿտյ꺣֮еʶҲ
дնһͷʶȴ֮Ӧһںڶ֮е꣬ϵһںڶеһϵȻˡ
ֻȭͷСĺڶͻȻ䶯һ˿˿紥һĺߴӺڶĶڻţƺڽڶĳ
ڶѸٱ
ֻһ˲䣬ǱֻȭͷСĺڶһӱСˣһԸٶȱ
·һ˯ޣͻȻſѪڣ¶ףҪߵʳȥ
ãɫһ䣬ʶ˲ףϵߣ
һ궼ˣ׼ط뿪֪˾޶ˣҲ֪Լ˴˾Ǵ˾޲ֻܹںڶ֮ж֡
Ȼ˾ȻܹӺڶ֮гȴӰֻҪԸ⣬ǿ͸ȥġ
һ֮󣬼ձקħ壬ͼԴһæԶݣҪѸ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ڶ֮
Ǿ޴ĺڶϵţôһ򣬺ڶһɽС׷ᣬһɹӺڶ֮дϵӰ꣬նϺڶ֮еһꡣ
֮ϵֻҪڣڶͿԶסʲôطڶƺܹҵ
ڶյĿģǽûǺڶǴ˾޵磬һУؽٴγ϶ô˾޵óԸ
ͼԴӣĺڶ׷ᣬԸٶȱţٶԽԽ졣
ʱǺڶһǳСеϵŤţһɹɿ֮˱Ӻڶ֮бΧһ޴ʯǺڶʳ󣬾һЩǣܲ˺ڶ֮дһ˺ڶ֮С
տҪסˡ
ںڶ֮еʵֲ̫һ㣬һǶԳ룬Ҫˣǰһ㿪˵ѾǺڶ֮ˡ
ٶ̫ˣǿҲԽԽ죬ǺѣԴͻȻе
ףҲûкõİ취ճӦһ䣬Ժ֮ڼŷôҲҲԸڶķ
ڶΪµһĻ֮ʿǶܹ֪ڶغԴ⼸һδ֪ôһʾ֭Ҳûƽķ
޼ƿʩ
ֻܲϵ룬;УȴѰܹϧѱȫҲҲʲôӦ
¾
У¾ֻڶȻ壬Ž¾ȴֺڶѸֹ
ǺӾԪµĻ壬Ԫ飬ȻҲһԺڶЧǺڶʳһУֹķʽһЧûС
Ԫ飿
Ӳ׵ˡ
˾ԪԭˣԪ鵱˽ƣһԪ飬˵ԪеĽƴȻڶȫ˴˾
ܹ뵽ȥãϧնһһĪչ
һ̣ԴҲʶ˴˾ĿֲԴȻޱȣǶֺڶһûһ취ֻܹżһ
ǺڶԽԽ𽥵Ľӽֹڶ֮ڴ˾ϢԽԽŨѾ˼ˡ
ۿͶ·ˣͻȻԺص̫¼ȴͻȻֳ
꺣У̫¼ϵطҳһķźִ¶Ѹ꺣󡭡


596 
ƽ޲꺣̫¼źֵע֮˾ξˣ꺣֮е߲ʻӡҲһ߲ʻӡ֮Уƾնһµ磡
µֻܹ̫þ֮ʩչһһһĿֲ
һ߲ʻӡֳ֮Ժƺ֮һ֣ƺҪ򣬷·̫¼ԭѾһ
һַǳĸоĶڲŽһ㡣
磬һ壬ΪԵ
߲ʻӡ֮Уйֳ·ͻƼץʲôûȥκεľٶǰһ羵Ĺ⻬ֳǰǾ֮Уֳһããտ޼ʵ硣
½磡Դһһոµ磡
ڶ͵˹ƺҪһжʳ
ͻȻˡ
ǺڶɢһǾǰʧӰ٣ǺڶʱںڶıԵ֮أȻʧǾһ統С
̫þǾ̫ͨþһš
꺣У߲ʻӡϵر仯ţһ̣һν֮·ͻȻ֮ʧˣԴϵһϢ
Դͨġ
ԴӦںڶ֮еĴ˾ƺһǺڶǰȴƺһסˣ֪жˡ
ͷյһ΢ϢȻشǾ֮ݳƮ˺Ǿ
ڶ֮еĴ˾ʧȥ˼յϢ֮Уƺǽһ²յϢ֣룬ϴ߶źڶ˹
ڶֹȴûԸԳĽոʳ෴Ǿ޴ǳһĺڶȻһʧǾ浱УֻһܹǶɵĺڶȻǾ֮ʧˡ
δոʳǾ֮УǾ֮еһɫĹǾ֮аããޱ޼ʵ֮лεţƺڼѰżյټ
Դһǻ۵Դۼ֤һУǻۣⲻ⵽ôһ£׾ʲôǶڲϵȥ룬ҪһĽ˵¡
˼ڤ죬Դһ
̫ͨþľ棬ڶȥ֮УǾ𽥵ı䵭һ֮ʧճûټ
ʼٸ߼һãȻտյһûһ˿ϢĸоȻ꺣ȴƵ߲ʻӡҲͷֻмԴſ΢Ϣ
ԴоյȴԿգԲϵˣԴ֪û¡
ȴ׼ʲôⷢһоôһ£ֻܹػڼյԣǶյת
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ڴ˾߶ĺڶããޱ޼ʵ֮εţͼѰճ
統Уޱ޼ʵϢڣżյϢˣ˾޴֣֪δĿġ
յУһӴ͵ظֳһգŽ̫þеĺڶǸӡ
Ǻڶһ³ô֡
ͻȻããޱ޼ʵ֮УͻȻĹ㣬㲻ϵطŴͷų֮Ĺâ
ֻһЩͱһ޴̫ÿһ̫ƺ̫֮е̫һСž˵Ĺȣһ֮
һ̫ɹ𽥵ıճΣ̫ռÿһ䣬Ǻ֮еǳҪĶࡣ
ǽ֮еĺڶЩ̫Χ룬һâĿ̫룬ôһڵԵüΪĹ졣
˶̫Χס˺ڶͻȻһ̫֮Уͷųһɻֳ֮Ļһغڶ֮У߲סǺڶ̫֮д߶
ڶϺƣںڶ֮еʼڶ֮еҲ𽥵ʧš
ڶС
˾һȻǾ֮зţܣҵĺڶռ䣡Բܣ
֮ϣһƻҰĹâˮһţŵһε壬ʼøɱеƺեˡ
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˾Ҳоʧȥ˺Щڶϵ·һӲЩϵ糹׸ˡ
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Ȼ̫þ֮У޺ϵҲͨЩɫȡЩ֮е̫ڷںڶӷ
ղ˽ڶ֪ڶĴںתİ壬Ⲣȥһڶһڶ飬еĴ˾Ȼ¶
Ψһ̫þ֮УǴ˾ޣһֻܹ׳Ƴ֮£˾һҲ뿪
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֪˶ãеľȫľ֮Ϊһ⣬̫þзݳ»ع
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̫þУǵ֮ΨһǶܣ
Ǹһзˣʵκе룬ܹ飬ǶֻҪԸ⣬ǿԷġ
ãոտһԴֹһ䣬漴ͻȻȤǼһĺڶһµˣôһ£ҸоǸ֮УŷǳϤϢȴһʱ벻ǹŹְ
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ţҪۼʣµԴ𡣡յͷ


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ûãʮѡԴش
ǺǣǵûжãһΪǴҴҰˡЦЦ
Դӽʮ֮ʱԽԽһܱǰʱ䣬磬ʱԺܴľۼһһϦ飬ʱһƣҪָҪʱ䡣
ˣߵˣҪȥˡһ£׼ȥҹ壣й̫¼飬Ҫ֪ʲôطõ̫¼
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ͨĸŵĴ˳ʵû뵽ȻռϷ磬˾أ㽫ôˣ
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ˣͨĸķʽƣκһ˶ûʲô飬ֻάάվ޿ɺǡ
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ӿ֮ھī˳ɱҪϽɸǹء
󶴵һǣ۵΢֮ʿͷæµš
죬һʱ䣬õǧīһϹҳˣȻЦ˵
ţٹʮ꣬ǹƾͿԴչ֮ԴԪˣ˾ԪԼѰˡݵɫĮ
ҪһǧûϢˣ˵пôǻҳ̾Ĺ
һֱҪĿ꣬û£ӦþˡɫĮȻش


599 ƽ
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һȥһߣʱֵܽˡһľ꺺ӣԶһҶϹ۲һĵĺȵ
īұ֮УһīѣֻҪұϵİ۶಻Ϳˡ
һԿһۣͿԷְܼȻ˵һھıأұ̲ŵīȻҪȱĵطһЩ
һľˣһ֮ԣò߷ƵľˣЦմڽе̸ʿɫгƵζ
ľˣʮ΢֮ͬϢԶɽھԪӦŻơ
һ˵ͬΪʮ΢֮ھԪģҪûҪ٣ϾһھԪڴ߶ʱԻôȵԶͨԪԱ⡣
ľ˵ע£һĮߣɱڣƺƴһս
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ľˣĿ綾һεš
磬˻ǵСˣȻҶ֡һľˣεĺߺߡ
֮ǰľˣҲʧҲǳʧҪǶˣǾɸɱˣ˳˲ɼīչˡ
磬ҪҸ˵ĵط֣һݵ顣
Ϊ׵ǸľļһҡҡͷľƵľ棬һˣľƶȻưոݣµĹؿɲƻ

Ϊʲôңһ߿Թδüͷ
һ̾ľˣȻһ΢֮ڵľԪԷˣ츳ͨľˣǽսԿĿ϶
ſҪ˵Щʲô
壻֣ʾԼȫȻףЦҲţд½ƣʮ֮߱ضǣôһĵطҪúȥͲòǰƢ
ʲһ
ǾͺúýīϣǴչ˹֮ԴԪڵľԪԺٺˣ
Ĭ죬ͷߵڴһ㵽ľƣǲɼīȻҪ˳Ͻɸʵ̫̰һ㣡
̰ɣгһǴﵽǸ磬кǶսʸ񡣡̾Ϣ

ǵ㣬өһǺУӰһٷš
Ϊʲôı˷򣿡ԴΪһ⣬ŷɳۣû˵ʱ򣬼Դ쳣ԾҲࡣ
е˽Ҫһ¡ɫЩɭһЦݡ
ȥԨȥʲôط
ѩǣ׵ǶаûнҰףҪԳһˡ֮ͨĺֻҪ壺ͷ˾ͻٿظֳ
ǰӦһˣڷ˻ѩǣҾȻһ֮ϷѸǰǵĴ㣬ٶȥѩǡ
壺һ׵ˣ˶Ĵչˣһڵ֪ĻܹĺûκεĳɣȽ˴

źöӣеīֳչؽɰ˳ɸľƴˣˣʲôۣ˿ԸӦīʵһ㡣һ֮Ϊ꣬ٻڿ֮ǰߺš
󶴿ڣվʮһµʿ֮Ϊ֮ΪľЩ룬ɫϸ۾ؼһÿһӿ߳ˡ
壺ˣЩ˵Уͷһʯ̨ϣЩɼīȡһһڷʯ̨ϡ
ɫʯ̨ϣѻһѶѵīÿһīҫںڵӫ⣬˿˿Ƶ͸īƲɢ
壺ˣīúԺ󣬾һվȺѡ
һ˹ǱԻȡ֮ԴˣǺǡЦЦԵ죬סֻҪԪˣ뿪ѩˡ
ţǵȷǳϺķ˲ٵʱ䣬Ǹ뿪ˡͷҲ˼ڴ
ľ߳ʼһѶѵī֮϶֣һƷϼܵīֲһ𣬽һЩʲѵŪһߡ
ԣͻȻɫһ䣬ȵǽɰ˳Ϊʲôһ˱˾ųɣ
ѽΪʲôرˣ
ųɵĻЩֻܹõһˣҲ̫˰ɣ

ܶһ׷ױʾ
ľɫ۾쳣Ƴһۣĵ
㶨µģɰ˳ѾˣųɵĻǵջ̫ˡǿѹеŭƽ͵
ڹ壵Ľ̻£ЩƢ̫ˣҪȻǰԸ񣬾֪Ƕ֣˵Ҫƴһ
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ܶ˶һŭȴҶ˵ʲô֪ҪɾųɵĻǾ󶴣ľӦҲһ㣬Ų˵ǳ֮ѹǡ
һһҲòľһָͷָ˹壺죬̫īҵľ涼ˣǹɣһβҪҼǡ
壺ɫ䡣
ǧھô꣬ϣܹչȡ֮ԴԪڸľôһŪеҿˡ
һӾ壶ŭˣȵµķôΪ˵صˣƻĹ࣬ĪеĽǿռǵһݣ㲻鴫ȥ֮ô
ǿߣֻҵģҲῴһĽɫľںǻߣԶˡ
ľȻһЦ㿪ʼһ
죬ߡľ˵͵سס죬קߣ֪Ƣ̲ס֡
˫ʵ̫⣬Ҳûһ˿Ļᣬһ֣мƣֻ·һ
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캮ƢˣƾվǶ
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ҰˣľǰɣǵǸҸһתĻᣬ㳹״ʧڴʱѩǵľ֮ϴһһ㷱ǰĹ㣬ѩǵţֱŴ˵ط䡣


600 ҹ
䣡
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գ
壺һ𾪺ǲš
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ô֪бϲȴûлͷߣ뿪˵
Ҳɫ
ǹ壻죬ľƷѣܵ˺ԲҪԶԶ뿪
һǺúģһὫЩľϸڴ֮ǰһҪһЩ顣ȻЦЦתľƣɫһҵĻûô
ľɫ粻ӼյϲһɲͬѰϢһϢԼòյʵ磬˲
ȻҲպᣬΪյüӦûдﵽ²ľ硣
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Ǻ֮ˮӾ֮ӲһѩǵֳľѹľƺԵȫˡ
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ͻȻľԵЩϴ֮ΪôһǣѹĹͷ壬
ľһ֣һɾ֮£Ȼ˲һ˿ķͷ缸ٿǳһѹ֮ľҲܲסֻžડһľƵȹǱ顣

ԸģȵȹǱ飬ӲѹȵĹڵصģǿ־壬ŴҪȴֻǴڴڵĴϢһʱᱻѹǵǱģ
壡Ŀɿڴ
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աګګ㣬ڵں־磿ôôʵΪˣˡ
С֮ҪȻľ̰ӡ۾ȻˣߵľƵԣ㻹Ҫųɵīô
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ľһɣһƨɵڵϣɫСһ㳯͹壵ͷԲҹûпλݣ˶λǴ˴һ롣
ˣϧ
Բ𣬶ԲλҵĴԲסľһظš
ʲôҵĵҫѩأκ˲÷ͻȻԶһȣֻһʱһƾնһӰ
һĹͷ󺺣ɫ⣬֮ͨΪ
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޴Ϊҿÿ궼˰յģīĿңͻȻ˵ͻ˿󶴣Ҫɱң尡ľһվϿʼ״
ǿиıأ˵հ˳ɵī֮ȴҪǾųɡüͷ˵ʵࡣ
޴ˣңҿⶨ¹صġľƺȵ
ϧ޸ûж࿴һۣٴеĿżգʵǺˣ
޿˼յľ磬һ˵֮ͨΪʿ޶֮ͨĸֶЩʶһ£ȴ֪һôӵ֮ͨΪ
ѩǵˣӦ֪˰ɣһй壣һ죬ûղ𻰣ʻ
۾һţǣ
˵ģûнסߵ
ͻȻΣЩҵȷҰѩϵǿ󶴣Щѩ֮󣬾˿󶴣һǰ꣬ûôװɰ
޵̬ת䣬ĺܶ˴סˣľƸһɻ󣬵ˣǣʶ
죡һЦŶԼ˵ǸľˣҲңʵʱûҵ
۾תת͹壵˼ۣƺһŪȥæѾˣµȷûаףʵڱǸһǣҽ
䣬תֻ۾֮һǿ˲Ϣ㵽ľƵԣľƻ֪ʲôͱһǿ⴩͸壬ؿڶһڴСĶڣѪ
̸ЦɱľƣƺЩΣЦȷûŪãҪǲ⣬ɱˣŵɱҪĶ֣ҿԴ͵ġ
˽Ծ
壺ҲסˣȻһǧûмżˣʮ֮ĸһǧҲǶôõʱ䣬һʱ䵽׷ʲôΪʲôдͨҿѩǵ˶Ц
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˰һˣҪúСӣʵʲôһ
ƹ壺ľˣʱͷ͵κ˶ǵˣ˵ͷȺ֮Уһȥϣῴǡ
ǿУԼΪ΢տһ㣬ԼֵܣһЩ˰ռ˳飬Щһû͹壵鷳͹˶ˡ
µ֪Լڲ֪鷳ˣڰûڵͬʱҲڰԼǵùΪʲôԵ޹ʷҪϼһأװԼմϢ
ȻôģҲˡЦһָϺ˵ľֵܣһ˳˰ɣηηģҿžͲˬ
Сһ޵ͷֻһιâ䡣
һâͻȥ֮һΪľһ֣ˣֻüһҽУûϢ
֮ͨҪɱ΢֮ߣһֻû̫
Ҫ͵𣿡΢Цʡ
תտ͹壣壬⹫ֻǿ˶ǲƣɻ©˳һˣһ˲һξҪܵԶˡ
壺һ£ô֪˺Ϊеģ
Ǻǣ֮ͨġս͡
֮ͨ壺һƾβ²⣬ҲûϵȻﵽ˿֮ͨߡ
յĻش𣬶˵ʵ̫һ㣬˼Խܣ㱼䣬Լǲ˲ʵĸΣ


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壺찵ľ֪վȻﵽ֮ͨΪ˱Ҳûжȥˣ֪ڵļգѾǿԲȵˡ
֮ԴȻŹ壺һۣλԭûԪѽ֮Դкܶ࣬ŵЩ֪ǷԪ
޽Żһƿ֮ԴȡЦݸ˹壡
ǾϲȴûȥȡֻѯĿ⿴򼧳գ֪޺ͼʲôϵóȻմʲôҪ鷳
û£⹫°ɣ֮ԴҲʲôĶպЦͷ
Щϲȡͷ޵л
̬ȺõĲˡ
ţܵȷˡüͷչԽ޵̬ȱʾ⡣
аүϣΪδ峤ѡаүе飬ûܹĴɣʵΰڨЦ
һа˵µģıǡ
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ʯϣ壺ų׷û˵ʱϿʼ׷ʵôһ£׷Щôɹġ
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⹫̫ˣǺǣұȥд½ءЦʵд½ôˣЩǶûзʲôʰɣ
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ҡҡͷÿθӦʱǱһźڰסҲ֪ʲôطҲ֪Щʲô
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յ˵ͷһʵ⹫̫¼㵽״ʲôطģ
֮ǰԼľʱ򣬼Ѿ˵̫¼ʮֳ֮죬ǰһʱ̫þŻ֮Ĵ˾ӡˣüոӾ̫þͬѰ
ǼԴҲ˵̫þдϢеϤ˵ЩдϢּ̫¼òǼ򵥵ķжȻ̲ĳİء
̫¼Ǵ֮еġüͷһ˵ʱ̫ɺ֮еĵشѰǣҪǳ֮Ѩзһڶʶһ㱻ǺڶˣҹʹشӺڶ֮г֮󣬷Ǻڶʧ̫¼ƾճˡ
ڶɫ΢䡣
һڶһıǴ˾ˣմ˾޵˵Ѿһֺڶˡ
ǺڶУ˸ĺڶɼ֮ΪԼã޶ںڶʶܼ֮
ȻǰޣҲֻ˵ԼںڶʶΪǳڶĹɺ̲صİҲ͸Ҳ˵ڶͨ棬вؼΪµУʲô˶͸ġ
̫¼ô죬˵ںڶҲֻǣ̫¼ʲôȻҲ
̫¼ȻںڶģΪĳ֮Ǻڶʧˡһ£ԥһ£ֲȷ˵ʱΪ̫¼ǺڶҪȻ̫¼ˣΪǺڶ᲻أҲ͸֪̫¼ֻϲҲûмȥˡ
üͷĬ壵һµʾ̫¼ںڶǺпܱǺڶζʲô
տ˼ţȴҲ֪еźֵİ塣
⹫ǰԨ·̻ңԶʱ䣬罫֮ԴˣʹڵľԪת벻ͨҲٶˣת˻⡣
д⡣΢΢һЦͷʾ㡣
ɼջһʯ֮ϣ壺˱Ŀ֮ԴΪڵľԪ
Ҳûţϥ֮ü˼Ҫ֪Ǻڶ̫¼ǷʲôĹϵ
ʱҴңΪҪŹ壺ˣǰԨ;Ҫ໨Ѳٵʱ䣬ʯϵҪʯٶҲܹɼ£Թһ£֪ҪԨҪҵʱ䡣
ʱ˵ָһӼ䣬ʱϣҲӲ˶洦ˣԼ磬꺣е߲ʻӡУȥʣµļͨ壬׼ѰһЩģʺϹ壺Ĵڸˡ
꺣У߲ʻӡеͨʱҲӦ̫þеĺڶ
ڶ̫þ£ıŻӦĵЩӷɢ֮ı仯Ǻд½Ƶ֮ϵ࣬ǻۿʼԽԽˡ
ڶеĴ˾ޣһʱ䰲ˣټҪˣ෴޿ʼˣҪҲʶĺݶᣬƺ֪ȥǰ취׳ֵջջ
ڰ޵ջ󣬼ֻǸһ𸴣ˣһõһУˣ˲õĽ

ŲʷɽʯϣճԼľУȴʱ䣬һС
׹ðضǶ粽룬ػʯֹЩĻߵĶٶ
ڼյԣ壺Ҳɫ£˸ڼӽžԪ
ͻȻһϵĺڼļ𣬡ˣҸӦһԴ𣬾ڸڼԴ


602 ڰ
ȻԼľתۣȳżԴ˸СƣԼʵ϶
ԴǱóһŻףĳһģСˣ˵ͷҿ϶ڲԶҶ֪
ܺãǹȥչϵ
ֻҪۼʣµԴ⼧ԴԲϵͻƣֱޱȵľ磬Ϊ˵ֱռ֮
ռ֮Ǽ£κ˶ҪʵһĿԽЩԭʼ֮ļһҲͷġ
ÿõһµԴ⼧Դǻ۾ͻ󣬶ԶʶֻһЩҪ֪ؼļأͨԴԴȻҪࡣ
ǶԴָһ
յ˵ͷԼ߶µʯϣһƫƧǺзȥ
ͼ֮һһһһ֮ǣֻ׵ǣûһ
һӹһʯ֮ڴƬɺдһƬȥ
ºһڰֵǵͻȻڼǺ֮иֳ
Ƕûʲô·ֲָĺڰ֮УеĹâƺסǻһҲ˲ʧȥ˹㡣
ǺȻİǲһģһǺ·жǿԽ΢ĹΧġ
Ͼ֮ǻǣĳ֮£ɢǳĹâǺеĵط֮һǴڡ
־Ժڰڸжûм
Ҫ꺣ӳճһгǶһƬڰ֮Уһ˶Ǵš
Ҹҿ϶һУԴ
ܺáյ˵ͷԥһ£ԼħŪͰ׹һվһʯ֮ϣʯԶ壺ܵ˲
ħǲԪҲŲѷɫ֮ߵʵټϰ׹ôڣããǺһ˲ǵġ
һУŷߣǽȥ
Դæ˷ܵͷ
һ˴һŻף޾ڰԽǽӽԽǷһĺڰЩ죬ǵĦ̺ڰ֮ʩչڰ֮ɵĺڰռһ㣬Ǹռʳ㡣
һƬƺҲԡ
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âǳ΢΢һʲôȻԾﵽͨļ˵ЩѾ㹻ˡ
΢Ĺͱû̫ҲһһţҪԺڰҲֻһΪƽǵشˡ
ǶϣԴָּһе
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ʱЩɫˮͳһУһˮЩɽҲѾʧˡ
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ЩϢΪӴڻʱǵǳ֮д˾޴ĺһ֮еĺһſ֮Уһ𴫳˾޴죬ԽԽ
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ţһһһԺڰ֮лصţһ㵨Сˣǻܲסĵѡ
һﰡԴ
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ʶſڵصðļһһȦʶ壬Ҳ壬塢塢塢壬ûЩһӴ
Զ
϶ԶʱڵЩϵֻЩһŻôӴ󣬴ӵصѸðһļһʥ̬࣬ƺɵơ

һƶĤľ޺ͻȻдֻһ޴ĻɽͻȻѿǻɽڱӲűֻһӴޱȵ¶
ȻʥȷЩƣȴȫī֭һĺɫͷ­ۼףһ˫ǳţɱ
Զħһ֮Ͼ
Զħһ壬ȷԶʥһԶħһȴǡǡʥĿǣڴ֮ǰԶħһ壬ʥˣ彻꣬ʵಮ١
һͷԶħ֮Щɽ֮Уַ׷ðͷħȫӴޱȣһ˫˵ĳɫضżա
һſУҲ׷״˾޴ĺЩϵϢжϣҲԶħ
ôһԺڰĿռУǣÿһƺħڣ֪ΪʲôЩħһӳ˯֮ѣȻȫء
ŵ˸ʥζħ֮·ǣѵ쿪·಻ɽһ㳤
峤ʥôԶһϣͻȻһ޺𣬡ʥ壬ǵħأһƵģҪǺÿ
԰꣡ħһǺлصţݵ֮ϣֻ޴ħĿżգСӣǴʥ𣿡
ǡҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô֮Щħ׷״֮ˣڲŵʥѪйذʥħһǵж״̬ʥϢħس֣Щħʥˣ׷ð׼սˡ
ǣħҲɻˣΪζģһʲôϣôϢ


603 ħ
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һͷʥҪԶ
ʥԶħһ壬ǵжԵ״̬Ժڰ֮صħϵʥϢ󣬷׷ð׼ʥһһսˣȴֳĽֻһࡣ
ϣȴʥ޵Ϣ֮⣬ϢЩħ֪ˡ
ΪζΪ׵һͷ޴ħǺ֮лصǲԹŵϢҲüոе𺳡
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һ˵һԶһӵŲѷɫһʮ΢֮ǿߵʵЩԶʶӳǵ𽥵ǿ
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ԶĻΣʮ֮Ԫһؿһһɷ֮൱֮ΪԴƣǺ磬ҲֱӦ⡢ͨ񡢻֮ĸ֡
Щǵħͷڣ粻ͣôѵһ𣬼ձʶһ鷳
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ֻϵ˵һԶΪӴ̲ŵΪֲͬȾ֮£һ֮Զĸ֡
ñ塢ľĸ֣Խ츳ͨսʤͬȼһ㣬Զں൱ľ֮£Ըɵ塢ľǿߣ
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ҶġһЦͻȻǵĵص״˳ʱںڵˮ֮зݳһžԺڰĻףţһͷΪϵħԱߣЦҪҡ
죬ʲôħе
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ħЦ̫ˣ˵ֻҪԴںϣͿԴﵽռ֮죬˵ҿԴﵽռ֮
ԭġЦȻˣ㻹ʲô
ħЦֹ̫ˣ̫ˣռ֮ҶȻҪЩʥļһÿ
ħ۴ţҪԸˡ
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ǣҪôһϵĴѣƺҲһ׵鰡
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һͷħһ롱֣һӱ޴Ťһǣϵ𣺡ҿСӣʣµĺߣ
ħôһϷɳȥֳޱȵĺɫ磬ҡţ֮һħҲЩˮзһ޾ĺڰǺС
ټһϣֻʣһͷ֮ħһͷд˵ħؿżգСӣߣ峤֮ᰲģҪߣҶȻҪͷ
һź죬ħԻεţЦ࣬Ȼ֮ͨΪԲǴ˵Ķ֣Ȱ㻹ʵһ㣬˻֮һ˵ûֻҪϵһŻףҪֻҪʵʵġ
죬Ǻħ棿ˣԴͻȻ
ħ棿ü
Ǻڰֻ֮ҪĵطûйʳһеĹâ֮ĺڰг˾ħ棬һΪһ֪ԴԾȻħ桱Ӧ׶Ը
㻹ǵѽȴ֪ӦôƺˣЦţҪܹ㣬ҿʡȴܶ๦ˣӵ㣬ʣµļһҲӲģںһ𣬾עģӲġ
ǵģںһעģӲġϣԴظһĻͻȻ֣͵سźȥ
ңû뵽ԴҶ֣ʧˣɵˣһʧһ룡
ãһͷħ˵Ť֮вϵʱӴޱȵʼСÿСһ֣ϴһ֣ϴϢҲԽԽӴ
ֻһ򣬴˾ʧˣΪһòޱȵĺ꣬עżգȵ࣬ˣ
ͻȻһɫ磬һ֮͵شһըףǶΪ֮һ
֮ϵ޾ĺˮ̼ΪһںڵˮӣˮֻкһСȴɽ̲ſֲޱȵĳ
һˮǴӷɶʱ̣һ죬˷ӿ˼գƺҪոû
ԴٶȽǺ죬һӦպٺЦԴ˵ĹȻ壬ϱΪ塣


604 
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˱˺̲صûмһЩҿؼνǷǳԶԸҲΪʲôħֻһյԭ
ħһ߰ޱȣĸ֣ħ֮ǿߣӦһ֮ͨļգ׾٣ǾûκѶȵġ
ħһǿĺ죬ҲŴԽħ˲֪ĺ죬ȻʳκһԴ𣬵ҲΪȻԺͼԴ¡
ɣЦţûκζܵĶҲȻ˴ˣ˲ʹ˶һ
䣡䣡
һӲӲӲ̣Ǵ˻ǼգԼżȵģҲǾԼս޵Уˣһ֣һͲһȭ໥
ǼΪı뺷ôܴܹԷĹ˵Ľ֣һȭһһţ˴˭Ҳûֵٱˡ
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ôսĸֽһ׽ķţڵõԪİֽ֮ķһˣﵽ˲˼ء
У֮üᣬԺ֮ûһ˿ҵͷƽԼú¡
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֪֪ˣԼԲϵޱȵǿս֮Уһû¶񣬾ȻԽԽ㣬һ£ԵޱȵĿơ
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սĽУԽԽľּڽսʱȻڻţսļҳ̶ڵ·ֹһٶҲ
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ԼԸֹܵĴڣսĲҳ̶ѾĵĸоˣԵĸоڵڻʧţܹʹõҲı١
ȴԽԽǿܹõȻҲԽԽࡣ
벻ϣʶһս䶨ˣʶһ֮󣬱˱˼ˡ
죬뿪峤һﲻһ࣬һ˻Ҫǿ󣡡ƺսʿͻȻеһϵΪ죬һĶ֡
ٺ٣ſˣЦţӰ任š
һɽһĳȻֽ֮ӿ֣һڲϵػصţڳǿ
䣡
׺ˮĺһһɾγΣںˮ֮гţЩԵĺɫˮȫ߻ˮγ֮֮һӿֳµ
µ·ĺˮΪһ͵س˺죬Ȼûˡ
ˮ飬ÿһɽȻһĲϵس֮£Щˮȫ鿪͵˿ˣǳϾ޴Ŀ޺쳹ǵĵص֮ж˻Ӧ
ξˣ
һں֮ؾ֮ͨʩչջԪİƺֹһصȥǶŪıϵĸƣһĳ֮£ݿһ㱻ȥ
һ֮ЯеĺˮȻϣһɳ·עеıը֮·е͵سͷĴڵϡ
꣡
һϾͻȻ˹ƣããǺͻȻֳ֮
ħ뿪֮ǰֲõĽơ
ħȻŴһȡʤкֵģ֮ⲼõĽƣֹյ뿪
ԣֻ̲ҪǴ˺ͺգǽƱͬ裬ǲ˿Ӱ죬ȻһպͼԴ죬ϾͻۿƼ谭뿪ǡ
ħŲ֮Ϊ͸֮ǿһ㣬Ȼֲֻóģһżɹ۵ķżվԳ岻Ƶġ
ȻǽȴƳˣ֮ͨļոӲƳˣ
ããǺѷֳʱ򣬼ƳһϤӰʥ
ѹЩħͻȻȫˣѹħ֮иȫˣԭʥһˡ
˱ˮû屻ҵĳײͷͣʱָֻħһ壬ںˮ֮вϵŤӣҪָս
ԴǺڻѾһ𣬾ֻ׵ںһһںϽ׶Ρ
׶ΣֻܹԾ֣֮⣬ﲻϼԴʲôæˣҪԴԼ
żԴӦԽڻ㶨ϾԴֻں֮Դ̬Ҫڻ࣬Ǻڻûİ£տ϶ΪԴһ֡
ȥսֳһһ۵ף㲻ԥˣһ֮ĹֽһļԴͺڻһסѿķ϶֮дֳ̤ǺС
ڻƺһԺڰԴȪںͼԴ໥ʳʱʼƲסˣһٴھԺڰУйʼˡ
ǺУʮͷħ໿ţ롢ȸߡڡ׻ʥȻｻţЩһɱһǱ鿪һ޴ʯ촷ۡ


605 ټ
ʥһԶħһ壬һ棬˫ֵĿҪа˳ɣЩȫǺսӣûʲôƢһ𲻴һܣ˫ȱ˵ʲô
սһƬбȫȻǵ̲صԻأϸȫǣҲûбǵǷſֽŸˡ
չסǼԴݵһϿǱ˺üǵĽսУһ޴ʯ飬Ϊ촷ɢ
һݣħ忴ŵ͹壣̶ֳȵսУħǿˣܵ
һϺħȡϵֻһӦ
壺춼û£ħһԤϵ㣬Ͷˣټʥһʱѡķúħڵķ෴ǱûܵӰˡ
֪壺ްյҲ뿪ˣò׼ʥЩҪѯһء
ȥѰʥһͷħ໹ֽСӣ㵨ҶԴ𣬻ʵ
һͷħʱ뽻棬ʥ룬Ҳڲ֮һͷħҲˣߵĽ浱Ǿ춯أǺΪ֮
ͬΪ֮һͷħںսвûռϷ磬ʵಮ٣˭Ҳܹ˭ҲΪˣһͷħڽ;Ͼżմߺȡ
ûдһͷħǳһͷħսʥȵ
дʥϵʥŤӣһͷħƼһԨУֻһβ˼յԡ
һ㶼ȣǲ֪üͷ
ھԪʱѪʥڵľѪˣһʶʥͶϤܣʥ¾ѪҪĿģҲΪѹڵĻѪ
һ㣬ˣҲΪˣһʱûйطϲʦ˼
ÿһԯھŹ۷֮İ½ħħЩħ
ÿһԯյ˶ǱЩƿֲħӲǰ漸ԯˡ
һԯ֮жȻѪĺۼŻᱻʥˡˡǵҪ˵ʥûйϵǶȻܵġ
˵һԯʥһɵģ
ҵѪҿķλش
ǰħһ壬ΪҰɣƲƲ죬ɫûһ˿Ȼζ
Ϊ㣬Ǻ֮ǰͳˣ;ʱҲŸӦҲһֻܹɺϡǿͿҲԵ裬͵д½ԴʱȻ̫һˡ
ң֪٣ճһ£ͻȻʵ
Ĭˣ֮󣬲ŵ֪
ô˵ǵȣһԯ֮ھŹ֮Ҳһģ
ô˵һ̾ΪЩп
Ϊʲô
ΪǺ㲻һžɱһ汻޷ŴѪǵӰԽԽҵѪѹǱɱͷڷŴһ̶֮󣬻һеıǵĴڣд½̫򶼻һ̾
Ϊʲôûɱң
ǲ̫һԵһ泬ԽѪɱעĳɳ𽥱ǿͬʱûԣȻҲɱˣɱĿĵģĳǰˣǶ²֣ԲŷֱѪֲڣϣĻ֮Ѫѹסϣ㲻ΪһɱԵķսʿԻΪĿġ
һֵûп㣬ȻǰԯһһǵĿԼɱ¾Ĵڣһ£˾Ӧ֪˾ôһˣŶ˾ûϢ˵ҲԴ˾԰ɣ˾ҲǰԯһǾɱһеķߣκֻҪ˳˼ҵһУӵѪһ硭
Ϊʲôɴ಻ɱңɱңһ˰ˣճйâڣ˼Ļ
ȻԸϣ֪ʮа˾ʵ˽⼧ҵʷ֪ÿһԯʲôǰ漸ԯһӵ㹻ͿʼŰ£²Ƹ£ңΪС
һԯһɱԵİǸ˱˵ΪԼ˽ΪΪԵˣһͻƵʮ֮ӵ˸ǿôǽŰ̫
ǶȻô
һԯʹ˾޵ȷһȫǼ˽ߣܱҲ˼Ǻĸ᲻һδֻҪԼ޵УԼΪ
ڣѪ֮⣬һ˵ľѪҲǵĺӣûбֳҪһе׳ĶԼĺ֣ٴ̾Ϣ
䣡
ħŤӣߺųɱСӣҵĺң򣬲ӵʲôطҶҪɱ㣡
ħħһһڰŦΪħĴڣħһһſԴھԵĺڰ֮Уһħ治ˣħһҲҪ¶ˡ
˹ȻԸǣ罫ԴǣԴħȥħѳںǣһħԶԸֻԴħһΪƿصĺħ棬㲻ǣǾͶ
ƨ£Ϊ˹ħֽţħԴ϶ħһطֻҪû£ҹǵ
һħ޷ֳȥ򶼻군ûԴ򣬶ữΪһƬţ˹ħǸʹħһҲأţֺħ˹һ
ħ
ɫһ䣬ʥħĳˣ
ʥһ˫޴ͫ˸Ĺ񼫶ȸӣƺʲô֮ţٴγˣһΣ
жղ֪ħԣֻϿ˵һЩħĿ£˵ħһδ֮һӵżΪֲԣħҲ
ж˭ҲûһͻȻʥȸͻȻðʱȸǳɫЩʦζ
ʲôϵȻ
һγֵħԼȡ˸֣֪Լȡ˸ʲôô
֪ʲô



606 ħ֮
Ȼ׼ǵȸֱ󣬼ջǾЩ𾪡
Ͽ˵һμԴ֮ʱ򣬾ͱʾԴ̬֮ħž˵ƣʱ򼧳վͶϿˣҪϢ͸¶κ֪ǸʱһЩԤϡ
űԴ֮ĲϵؽĿűԴ֮ԽԽԿƣ̬Ҳڲϵı仯䵽͸ˡ
Դ֮뿪ǰʱʶԴ֮׶ˣ֪Դ֮Ҳ֪Դ֮Ŀ֮ʳ˹ħıԴ̬֮ٴη仯ǻ۶ˡ
ͨĸһ˵ϳħԺеһ뵽ıǻ᲻Ǽͷ֮ȥֻҪ룬;Լ
ȸʵ˵ȻԤϣǼΪ𾪣૵Ȼ
֪ȸ
Цŵ˵ͷյ֪֮ħڵĻ仯ɵĻ󣬵뿪֮˵ͻƵ֮ͨ󣬿ԸӦ˵Ϣȴλãʱұ֪ĻСˡ
ħǳ¡ʥϵ𣬡һ־ǿһпʯֲеͨգǿ޷ֳ֮һ֮ǣܿΪһƬţһ˿ڡ
ħȷǳֲȸ䣺ħеʱһ֮ǺͿǶǣǳеʧˡħֳ̫ˣֻҪӯǿѸٷֳƲһڶ̶ʱ䣬һټ򣡡
ħǳԶԸֻ֪Դſħڷħ֮Ͼ뵽˼˹ĺħ棬Ѱ͡
׼ôճ
ǲòͻ군޾򶼻ʴճΪһƬţȸն
Ҫȥǿ뿴ܹܲסճһ£ͻȻ
У볹𣡲ܹκεĻᣬĴڣҪ䣬ǲһ˿Ľ֮ģԶͻȻȵ
ģȥɱСӣһ˰ˣԶħ˹ͻȻЪ˹ˣٳһҵĺͲˣ
˹Ӧ˺ħϢļͺħ֮΢ϵ֪ħͼԴĽ浽βûĻħΪԴһ֡
״֮󣬼˹Ҳ಻סˡ
߰ɣｻǣǱߣȥҲáʥߴٵ߰ɣǵãħΪаܹﵽزŲжΣ
Сһ㣬ʶˣȸһ䡣
յ˵ͷҲûелЩһĽ֮УΪһڹ⳯Զʧ
ħ˹󺰴ţȴûа취׷ɱա
ʥһħսݱĽţɼǽԶȥʱħ廤ŵʯˡ
ôҵսκ˶Ϊ֮𺳣Ȼ壺ȴԪУŵĹָˣڹؼʱҲϾȥĲ
ۿްҲħԪְ֮ǰ׹ø壬ŸϽ߷ʯԨȥ

ʱҴҡ
һμ䣬ȥˣʱڣħڲıԴգΪ˼Դһ֣Դǻ̬ʱ䶼ûѹƺħ֪ʶ
ʱ䣬壺ҲԪˣһȣڵľԪѨ֮ţƺǰ֮ˡ
һ죬һʯ̤Ԩڼյ߶֮£ҹɳ۹ȥ
ˡһ೤Ȼ麣е
ջȻһȻһŲϵ˸ŸɫâĻǰǽħ֮ļԴ
ڽˣյȻһЦ
ţһǰһﶼǿ˺ܶྫԴţС˵ģǰţĻش
ʲôҪҵô֪ÿȡһԴ𣬶Զʱڵʶͻһ֣дһʡ
Ƕڡл磡Դ
Դ˵ġǼԪ֮мʶǸֲԪҲ۾ԭ־ͽ硣
л磿Ȼ
ţ֮ǿߣָӵЩˣЩ֮ǿߣ֪һЩĴڡԴͷ
ʣµԴܹĴﵽռ֮ձȽϹ⡣
ܣԴش𣬡֮⣬зܹռ֮
ʲôӣ۾һ
κһŻ֮ĸ֣޲̤ռ£Ǵ˾ޣͨĸгһսռ֮Ȼȴһ㣬ƺûͨĵ·ڡ
Դ˵ںеԴ֮⣬ȻзӿԴﵽռ֮üպ𾪡
һֻ壬ﵽ£ԭʼߵı־Դֻͣںһ֮󣬾Ϳռ֮˻ԪǺӾֻ壬Ҷﵽ£ںһˣҲռ֮
պȻ
岻ô׵õģҪ¸ӲףںǾ͸ˣֻȰﵽ£ںһںϾԴײ˶١
֮⣬һӣǱռϵľҳɹںϡԴƩԪ飬۾ĻѪҲһ֣ѾӵˣܹѰĹͷģҳɹԼ֮УҲԴﵽռ֮ѵ飬Ҳµ顣
µ飿ʲô˼ɻ
֪˭ܹںϵľﵽռ֮ΪһλһУԣȡǷӣҪȻѡռ֮
ҲǷӣҿ϶ôϱ̬һ£ٴʵ㻹֪ʲô
ħԭڵһϸħһ֣᲻ϵһдŵǳеĿʯֲΪħ֣ܵħôֻıܣĿģΪĸۼ
ʲôվ
ħոħۼﵽһ֮ħͻὫһһգڵѪԪ飬ħԺҪĿ꣬һħ֮ǰۼͻһθ
һǶԣһǱ׾ˡ


607 
䣬һʯҹ֮⻺ͣʯȹھԪ͹Ҳһת
˽ڵľԪɹ󣬾һֱȹΪ;磬ԼȫĵȥܾԪǵı仯ˣ˲֪պͼԴĽ֪йرԴ֮顣
ʯͣ˲ǰֵҹǣֳȤ顣
߰ɣȥˡɫ糣΢Цҹȥ
壡Ҳҹǡ
ãԺϸֳ̱漵λóһ䣬ֱǸȥʱ̱ڵĺ³ء
³¹£Ͼ¹Ͻˮһں³У˺³ĳ֡
ϢӺ³ڷݳڿУһͨ泩оϢϴ˵꣬ЩϵˣչἫ
̱ʱһֱ
³һǣ̱꣬¹£ԣ¹֮µŮ񣬶ҡ
ƺԸӦյĵȼմϽȻ˫ۿȻЦݡ
Խ䣬վһ嵭Цݣˡ
˵ͷ΢Цţϲ㡣
̱Ѵﵽ֮νˡ
İһҴﵽ۷ָ֮ҵ˺³أΪʺܹѸݶǺ³صḺ́͡Ц
˭ˣղ˵̧ͷֳָˡ
ף̱漾һǲţүү壡ô򣿡
û뵽ܹ㡣壺ЦͷͻƵʮ֮͸ˣ;˷̫ʱ䣬Ҳڰǰ̤Ȼ㱻ոˡ
壼򵥽һ
̱漺Ǻ棬壺Եúܸˣ˲ס׷ʺ½̼ҵϢ֪̼һаãŷԽߵĺ͹˵ԼͼΡ
ϳɾ̱ϵıĶ֪޳ˣ壵ȻҲΪ⣬ޣ˵Щճɾ֮Ļ
һаѶպаҲԵú˷ܡ
Ϊ޵ıʵʲôëҲûȥ˵޵ʲô˵޺Ǿһ׻ˣձйغħ顣
ϣа¾Ȼ֪ħ֮£˵а»൱ĳԾϵطϢӺε֪ģа֪Ϣͨĸһ𾪣૵ģѹһʱֽ벻˺ǣһǷʲôĿأԭħٴγˡ
ħаһĻ֣̿δ峤ĺѡˣ粻ͣڵ֪ħֺ˾壬ɼħжˡ
󶥼ǿߣûнħϢй¶ȥȻǲϣΪħĴֻţа²Ż᲻֪¡
ħ֮ºаһаµĿ֪ԶصмйħĿ֮˵ħеʱһţ˵ħȥ޾޾ǧָ
ԽǶħ˽һЩԽʶħĿ£ۼ壺аµأ̱ں³صҲ棬ԥһ£Ǿȥһ˺ǣþòļ
аһ˵ΪչȻһеظ֤ʲô⡣
һл͹壡졢̱˽һħĿֲ֮ձ㲻ִͣҴҴҹȥٴ̤ããǺӡ

ǡ
󣬼ջΪһ⣬Ȼںֳ֮
ҿ̫ΪںǵĸһɹλϢֻһʶںǵĸŻ֮ĸִڡ
Ҳֻ̫¼棬ֻܹ֮ͨԼԼӦ֮ǿߵĴڡ
ԶԶźǣֺһȦȦĹ⻷УЩ⻷ɫ죬аɫɫҲбɫһȦȦĹ⻷źǣǲסЩ⻷̲֮ŵΪ죬ÿһȦ⻷֮Ƕס
ֻǹ۲һ϶ЩĹ⻷̲ڰĻ֮ǿߣЩ⻷ĴڣǷǣκ˶ܹӺ߳
ΪЩ⻷ڣͺǿļȴǵҲԸӦǵж
Դ֣ԣ֣һֺһںԴɵ壡ԴͻȻֵԷˣ
һˣԴ˷ˣԿ־塣
ڼԴеʱ򣬼ҲĲĿӦӰͻȻǰ¶
ֱһľߣһɫɨһ֮һЦСӣԴ𣡡
ԭʼ֮ǿߡ
֪ԴΪβ˷ˣΪԷľ̫ˣֹϵϢ̫Ӵ־ϵĲΪ˾Ȼսͷ᲻
ľ塢壬һһؿȴûж
ʱмƺ쳣ҲǺǵķһ˺Ȼǻǵ٣аȵӹ΢ЦСӣԭˣĸأ
ǶˣһĵٸĿɷһɱȦΪһưոݣ
β֮ǿߣҲӡ
βСԴҲħĹؼڵһ䡣
ǺĵٸüͷĿڼյɨһȦ䲻ȵԴħĹؼһ֮ͨСӣûʸգʹúˡ
βľ֮ߣһ
βɫһ䣬ӲˣôѾԴ𣬻
βǴɺãһЦҲ֪˵оԴһۼԲռѾԴܹõϵԴ𡭡
ˣβ˳ǣҾ֪˵ŲϵԴһﵽ˻ռЩҪİڲ
βмЦֿľһߣľ֪ϵԸ⽫ϵԴռ֮ô
Ϊľ񡱵һľĻ֮ߣüͷһ壬ûпڡ
ľǿ˵õģһľ̬ȣͻȻ
ˣΪܹȫͼôһͻȻһˣӵͼҲܴﵽռҪԻͼľԴ𣬿ܹͼô
ľ塢塢塢壬Ļ֮ǿߣһ¶üޱȵ⡣
аȵٺûʾ֮⣬ľ塢塢֮ǿߣֳ˲֮⣬üհľʶһ˺֮ǲô˳ˡ


608 տգɱҵô
βȻһЦԭѽҵ뿴δнһҳͼߣ
䣬βЦŴӻȡһҳͼҡҡЦ
ȻľЭ飬ľõԴԼڵԴ𽻸ǰۼͼԴںϣǻͼ룬˵Դﵽռ֮
˵Ǵḷ́Ҫ׷׽ռ֮ѹЩϵǢˡ
أһŭݣҧֵĻ֮ߣǵ޹ء
ȷ޹ءʼ磬ҲûлͼҲûԴΪˣûĴռ֮ҰģֻҪһԭ岻Ҫгһտ˵ɫͿˡ
Ҫˡ٣üͷԲһ˹ҪΪħģ鴦ִҪһҲԣܷȽ°ˡ
ҸӦħϢˣû취¡ɫһħ֮ǰƺ̫һƺΪóãȻԶҵֻ۵ĸӦҲǾԳ֡
˻һЩ֮һ¶֮顣
ĵֻŰͨڸӦŶ֮츳ǱԱġ
֮ǿߣڵֻ۾øǾޱȣ˵ܹԵֻ۾ӦħĴڣôĻ֮߾͸޼ƿʩˡ
ʲôʱʼӦģɫһ䡣
ɫ죬ڼյѲһȦ
֮ɣȻ
ţСһħͳʧӰˣһ˿ϢûˡǶ֪ǵ֮£뿪ǵģȻںǣҲͲ֡ص
ΪβҲˣٴؿ˼һ૵ôΪϵԴôѵϵԴ𣬲ǶԸħĹؼ
һҾͲ֪ˡҡͷ
һ˵ĶԻͬޱȵľ졣
ЩȻԭʼ֮ûһ֪ħϵټһ򣬳ʥһ֮⣬û֪ΪħΪųɳġ
֮ͻȻϢȥ϶ŹϵһΪ̲ŵԴΪѽԴϢˡ
֮ԼϢĿΪˣΪǼˣ
һ㣬ֻһ
ӦĻǾֻһ취ˡβĬһǺĵͻȻԳ֮飬ľ
غˣһüͷͬʱף
кβףβһľô
ľ˺һۣһͷ
飬ǸĶɶǶҪ̫ˣĵغȵ
Լ˵ģһħԲκ֮УֻҪκӺ뿪пܷԭȻԸӦ㲻ܹӦҪֻôһľԴ𽫺һԴ֮зոɾǱ֤޾̫ƽķβ
أ٣֮⣬ǿʲô⣿ͻȻǿҳõİ취ǲǵġϣֻ壬ľĶһǲʲô
ءƿԡ
ǣ
պȻЩһﻹǷ񰡣Ϊ𼧶ǾȻҪһֶΣֱţ
СӣԴԹԽңǶϣҲɱ㡣βͻȻЦˣ̵ڳżֳżץȥ
ס֣
һըףһӴޱȵӲƾճֻ֣һ֮ǰֳ
ʥ룡
ʥԣ飬ʥ޷·˺գôͻȻֳûκεԤס
ʥ壡βɫһ䣬ʲô
һըװı֮ŤСʱ仯һ󺺣̤֮УڼյǰվݺݵصžβŭѵûиӦϢ
ôһ㣬ȫϢڸˡβ˶ӣߺߵôѵʥߵһˣСӲĲɣ
˻һľ١صһɫÿˡ
ʥһһǿޱȣһֱҲǵжԵģûбֳѺõ׳ʥߵһˣҪľֻҪ¡
ֻҪһ뵽ôһԣЩ˾;û
֪ʲôһǲ֣Ҳǵˣгһճ˹ųкֵĿԡ
βȻɫصĻѪ֪Ѫӵߵ磬һʹ˾ôȷѪ꣬ζԴЩ壬Ӧᣡ
֪Ѫߵԡ̹ȻɫһͬʥѪѹѪͰ޵˲һ
㲻ҪԷ٣Ҳ
һ㲻ǷġȻ壬żյ˵ͷȥǣܲҳֻܹܹٵǣۺжܴǣҲֻܹô
ãյҲɴ࣬һϻ£ֱǺǳȥҲɫѿľβˡ
֪ܹ鷳ЩһĻٵǣں飬˶Уʥʴȣ򲻵Ѳ´˶֣޾İΣȣȲѵҲĶ֡
һ֮ͨСӣܹħ㿪ʲôЦβȵ
ҲԴ𣬱ľϵԴһ㲻֮⣬ħҲԨԴҲħԡ
԰ɡصͷ
ҲͷˣʵڲУǱ㲻ֹǻٵǡգһ̾
ϣ࣬һǱٵˣҲ࣬ҲΪʲô͵غԭ
ΧŵһȦȦ⻷谭˺֮ڸֵȴƺֹ˽ǡ
̤ЩȦ֮Уֽ˺һĸоȻû̫谭ɵĴЩȦ̤˺ǳ
տգɱҵô̤ǣ꺣Уʹ˱Դ֮Ϥ


609 ֻҪȥ
ϤϤĽкһɡ
Դ֮ΣϢ޴ڣǣΪˣزŲ֪ȷеλá
Ȼ֪ǳܵĶˣڰݵţల£ս
վںǵһɽɽǳϱԴ֮޴ڵϢԺ֮ǱԴ֮֮󣬼һ䣬ɢںؼıԴ֮ۼ
ףԴ֮ˡ
꺣УԴ֮ĺڣϤĳƺҲڣȻȴп֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ô飬Դ֮ҲʶıԴ֮ˣ֪ǷΪԴ֮˹ħӰ죬ǱԴ֮԰գأͱԴ֮֮òô޼䡣
ȻͱԴ֮꾭һУĿӡһԶ䵭ʧ
Դ֮Ϥĳƺ𣬻㱼䣬·Լֻصص˺ͱԴ֮սһС
ԭһ㲻Ƶ뷨ҲɢֻΪԴ֮Ϥһտա˲ɱԴ֮ͷ
仯ȻñԴ֮Ӧˣ꺣УٴδԴ֮ʶտգôˣ㻹ûиı䡣
ɽ嶥ˣտЦ૵ҵȷû̫ı䣬㣬ȴˣҿҪʶˡ
ԾۼϢУһɻɱͷһɱͷ˭ףЩͷУ쵽˹ħֺݶζ
ףԴ֮Ȼ˹ħɹħǺݶһеϢҲӰ˱Դ֮Դ̬֮ٵķ˱仯
Ҳܲı䣡Ҳı䣬Ͳܹˣǳң޲ýҳ׻ҲȴҵľǱ˳ȥѽһ䵭ȻӶϴ
ʱԵһʯϣһƻҰۣʱֳһߺò߳Ƶ
Դ֮ˣֳ̲żΪֲ絶ǹһ˿ɱ֮⡣
ڷңü
ΪΪɱҡͷ̹ȻһӦں֮⣬СˣϻԴԴҵУΪĿľҪ׻ңҲòЩʲô
ɻǵ˵ʲôȻһЦ
Ϊ䣬ҡ˵ͷһֱǵã
㶼ʲôɫȻһȵûΪҪңûΪЩ֮ǿ߻ᷢ㣿
ǵģҺһЩˡĬһ£ʵش
ΪʲôӦҵģ
ңֻҪȥ
Ȼһ£Լɡ
һĲȻ֮еڼǰһ޴ĺֳһں֮ãһͼһ¡
´ӼʼУΪ̬͸岻һУֻܹһЩ¼ŵ֮лٺ˽Ӵ
֪ʲôʱʼһ֮ҵһֿҩģҩı֮õ֮ͬ׷ѰҩĵһЩַΪ˶ȡеҩģǸ׷ɱ
ȻҲǺǵģĶԺĻƿ֮󲿷׷ɱ߶𣬳ɹ׷ɱӳȥ
ˣǺħƵ̬Ҵ̷֣֮ʱڣһֱڸ׷ɱжɹĸ֣СģĿıҪ
һֱӣһֱսսУЩе꣬ڸǳεӴܣѰܹϽĸϡȱ֮кܶΣһ㱻ն֮ӳȥ
ϵսϵؽԽԽǿ̬ҲԽԽȽ
ڶεսУʶ˶ĳ޸ûκԻ⣬ʼŷνĴƣ֮սУʼԽԽݶԽԽɱֻҪ˶ֳ⣬ϾɱҲ顣
ĶԽԽ󣬸׷ɱҲԽԽƵĸҲԽԽ࣬սУԽԽ죬ҲԽԽǿֱһ죬ڳ׽ӵտʯֲǿ
ˣ϶Ϊħ
ħ֮Ϊ֮𺳣һӣھ˸֮ǿߣЩΪﵽ֮ǿߣҲʼ֪ںǺ㳹׷˺ǣκһ뿪
һǺֳޱȵؽӽʼĹһһչֳûκεȴֱ۵ĶϤһУ֪Що

Ǿʧ٣ɫ䣬Į֮Ա仯һȫΪǵıȣһֱڱңһֱҪңҲɽӣҵĳ֣ǵĺݶµģ
һˣշ֪˵Щʲô
ЩļһһˣǶħĿ־ǿ϶ưոݣһ仯ɽɱɱ޹˭ĴԼҲ˵ˡ
ִ뿪Ҿ֪ôһġ̾
տգҪɱңҲִУͻȻȵ
ҪԸңЦˣҡҡͷû˱˽㣬ָ̬ƣңԽ곹ڣټյԴ֮ΪУֲʲôôġ
Ĭһ£տգ֪ǰ࣬Ҳˣ㻹ҵҲûκλᡣ
ʲô᣿һȵ滹м֮ߣǶˣ֪׼ôԸô
ҿκһ˵֮˵أһʱ䣬ֿԻָҲ£Ȼ
׼ǳеһһٵ
ʲôɫˣܣôڣÿһ˶УԨǳôô
㻹ǲ˽ԡҡҡͷΪˣͨ뺣ܹ㣬ǾĻ᳹׻ǣǺ㣬ǳ£һѳɢؼ䣬硣
Ҳôġ
ǲ˵κλ
ǡ㻹ô
Ҳ֪ò㣬һǾȻ˺ܶ࣬һԵһ滹ڣҴʧ
ҸôȻһжҪģֻǱĽһУһֱ룬һֱںսֻǣֻҪȥ
ȥıܻѣһᱻû޷˵ϻ֮·ġԴͻȻȰ˵գˣģԺƲסԼǿһزһյģˣңһƲסԼģ
ûбһ֮ǰҲ֣ճǱ취뿪ӽ֮󣬼Զ׼뿪ߣҪһֱ㣡Ҫģһɱ㣡


610 Ҫ
ˣԴҪȰ˵
Ҫ˵ˣѾպȵ
ôӦԴ޿κΣ棬м֮ĸֿţҪδ
տաҲе
һҲ㣬ֻ·һҰ㣬㻹齫˵ôһ죬һ㣡ҧ
ԭһֱû䡣ૣͻȻ˳ֳж顣
㽫һڵģԴ
Ҳ֪᲻ڣڲڡճһ£ȡͨĸ͸ĳɫξ壬ʹξ󱬡
һȦȦƴξƬϴƻ仯ֳͨĸ
ѪغµϣŲ֪ǹüʵ˭Ҫɱ㣿
һξ彻յʱգ򲻵ѣҪ󱬣һ˼նȻ鷳ˡ
ںǣǱ֮ĸַˣĿıΪħҲ£ܸɴĽʵ״Ȼûа취뿪
ͨĸȻվһݣǹе֪֪ԼЩʲôȥǣŪħǼ٣ұҲħģף
֪յͷһҵѣӦˣûķ֮ǰҪ
Ҫͨĸ㱣Ǻл֮ΪУʲô㱣סƾʲô
Ҫ뿪ֻ㵽ܲң
ܣҲ㣡Ϊ֣֮ħ֮Уôһ꣡
Ҫǲңӽ֮Һ彫ûһ˿ϵչ壡Ҷ֮λҲû˿ȤҲ˺ģȵ㲻ңһ뷽跨ı䲻ҵľģ
˻һͨĸȻĬ
һͨĸɫĿ£ᴭѹеķŭģ
˵أЦ
˵ͷͨĸҧгݵãһҰ㣬㴦ħҿ޾Ϳ̿
һ䣬ͨĸ˸͵³һѪһԻԳһͨʲôʣȥ㣬彫Ϊʸ֮ģҰ㣬ǽٴĵжУϣܹһ
ұ֤յ
ϣһͨĸЪ˹ˣһѪ³֮ɫϲ԰ȥȻԪˣѪǰϵعţϵػš
ͻȻӰʧһ貵ĺбҫС
һѪɫĹͨȻڼյԳ֣֪ͨ˺δ
ͨһ֣ӦӺ֮⴫һɹӴϢǲں֮Щ֮ǿߣЩȻ˺ϵı仯߷ݹ
ߣն˵һץסһֳżԴһͷͨС
ͨûֻһƾʧˣ·ûгֹ

ʱһӰһɽվ
βľ񡢵ءٺ룬ɫһҪѿжѿǾβľˣҧгݣһˡ
Ƕβĺ磬ݡԡֱ죬·ҧң쫷ϲϵػصţôȻҷħ뿪
Ȼа壡óǣľһҧ
Ҳ١˵ͷҪ춯֣һħһزǶֹˡħȫ֮Уһǲܲˣ
ô˵βڵء١ɨ
⼸һһͷȻҲͬ˵
㣡ҪСӽȥҲͱ¨ӳľ롣
뷭һۣҪʥ岻ľսһҪҪԣ
˻һľߺ˼ŭľ㲻ɡ
ˣȴħ⣡ٴԲ
һȥذɣҪǶʲôβ
һͷĬһһںʧãʩںϵһȦȦĹ⻷ʧˡ

İһ޴ԨԨϢңǺеԨвϵײţһҫߺͺڶϢ¶·ˮһ޴ڡ
ԨڴһһӰȻ¶
ʲôطü
ԨڲԶ̬欵ͨĸǻҽ纣򼫶ıԵ֮أٽΪ֮أֻн棬ܹܵЩ˵ʶӦصһ򣬶һᱻ׽
ҽ纣ʲôطȻ
Һ֪һЩԴͻȻڣǿռ㣬һռкܶڶڣƺӱĵطź֮ܶǵ壬ƺҲġ
˵պȻ
ǵģʹ߳ġԴͷ
㵹֪١ͨĸżԴһ£һħ
ҽмߵ
ҲʲôҲϣŴӻҽ纣гϣ㳹ʧ棡ͨĸȵ
һ£סŭԼյҸƵͨ񵤣ڻҽ纣кΪ֮Ҫ㵹ùܹȥҲǵòҪûͻƵ֮һֱססߣҪСıЩһ׷һȥ
ô죿ղҽ纣֪ԴȻ˵ӦöԴЩ˽⣬׼ȥ֮׷ʣûмڻҽ纣϶ʡ
ͨĸһ˳֣ȻΪ˴鷳һ֪ڸ֮ĸ֣ѾʼֶԸˣҲЩ˼ˡ
һ뿪ûͻƵ֮ǻҽ纣֮ǰһһֱڱԶģһὫҽ纣Ϣųȥǻӷ׷㣬ұԳûһʱˡͨĸߵ
ллһεҼǵˣгһܹﵽ֮һᱣֻҪڣˡ֪
⻹һ˻ǵյĳŵΪ֮ͨĸôһͻȻʧ˲֮󣬲һٴδҽ纣Ӧ뵽һˣ˵ԷѾˡǵãֻлҽ纣УǲŲܹӦλãӣúûţ
ߡ̾һͼԴһҽ纣


611 ҽ纣
һӰİԨֳЩվԨڴȴû룬Գԥı
Ǿβľһˡ
ǵ֪ͨĸմǺ֮ϴӺǸڵķ״ľ޴ǳȻ֮ȴʲôûˣеߵûϢ
һ£ʶͨĸѴ˴뿪ҽԼһϢ֪һİƫƧȥˡ
״ľ޴ǳϣֻһ޴ľӣгֳҽ纣ڣеĳһϣǼմżԴҽ纣ĳ
Ӿеĳϣһʶպͼȥ˺δһԥЩ˱
βҪȥĵɫأֳüͷţֻ۶ſˣһ͸˻ҽ纣Խ˾볯벻ϵ룬̽е
ħӵǻۣǿԼĿֳγֵħҪ̫࣬ûٴν֮ǰǽҪԸãβ
ջصֻ۾⣬ֻɷһǵֻ۾еȫȥһֻ۾Ҳˣȷ档صͷ
ľô˵βתͷѯ
ҽ纣ȻΣգ಻ȷأΪǲòȥѰСӡҧҶȻҪСӣĳִǵļƻСӸһΡ
ľҲͷʾͬ⡣
ҲܽȥǸոյԶħһ壬˹Ǽһ϶ʥ鷳һ뿪崦ȻΪѡ뵹Ҳɴ࣬ڽһףǺˣһˡ
һĿĻӰյļʸʧգûټ
ģľ޺޵Сӽ룬ҲֳôĲ
ʥˣϣǱԶħѹסߣҪǱԶħˣҲ侮ʯβ˵
أغ١
ҽ纣̫ΣգҿǵǳٶԸǰɡԥһ£ڻҽ纣ڴֻҪǴгұػֽǽˡ
ȷҲҪ˿šβ˵ͷһ룬ҲпʧʱСӴ˳ǽ޼ƿʩ٣ػɣһ㣬һ˾Բܹи֮ˡ
šٵ
أǽȥڻҽ纣УҲֻܲһЩСӵϢȻѰἫβ
û⣬ұʹȥЦЦν
һ˹ڽҽ纣֮£˴Ĭһڴػʣһҽ纣

ҽ纣
˵һģɢе֮˵һʼǴӻҽ纣¶ȥ
ҽ纣棬֮İԨֻǽҽ纣ڶѣһ룬൱ڴʱ뿪һոµ
Ｋң໥һЩ֮ϵĻ֮ƣĳȴǿǧֹ
˵Уһֵռ֮ǿߣڻҽ纣֮ʧҽ纣ƺĲͬ棬̲֮ţһҲԽҿ
ҽ纣Уԭʼ֮ǿߵʶһ裬ҲӰ죬ʶչҲֻܹһС״һСеĺڶ̫࣬ҫ߲ϵرըĻʶ̽滹ҪС
һֻܹвŻֵĹ֮أأ
ããģ죬ҲҲŵأһŵУ裬ʶչ໥Ťһ裬ܹΧ״
һСȵĺڶҫŹĺڹ⣬䶯ţԶ޵ľ޿ڣһ˶ɵļƣ͸ûһ˿Ĺ¼Ϣ񾪲
޴ҫ߱ͷһ㣬ϵͷųǳըſԲĿֲˮһ㵴Ŀռɷ飬ռƬŰһУ˷ɳ壬ƺܹиһС
κεطŵȹ򲻶ϵ໥ײţЩײʱҫ۵Ŀʣõ̻ȻĿĹâ֮Ŀֲȴ־壬һֲƥеĺ⡣
һκһֳһߣ֮춯أ·ʱ˺ѵ֧顭
һȫأӵмŵĹۣǳ飬ƺ˾ռߵ飬ûһϡ֮ǻ֮ǿߣҲСĵĸоΪ𺳣޷֮ǰ
պͼԴôһ֮ء
ӼԴ˵Уն֮һЩʶ֪طѲʶ棬֪طǻ֮ҲΪΪˣ֪ǸġƺҲˡ
ּԴ𺳣ʶôһʱ޿Ҫ汾ɵľ춯أҪСıȫԼҪСԿֵܳһС
ЩһﲻطѰǵġԴ϶
Ҳҵǡյͷôһطȷ׾βʶϢβǽҲͨʶӦټ
Ǹô죿ȻҲʶԼС
ǴڻɵռУĺڶҫߣ໥ײͷųĿɫʣſռеߣŴɱҲžһӶ
ΨûпŵǳҲûпͣʯ
ֻǻҽ纣ΧҪߣڻҽ纣ڲӸţźܶȤĶֻҪܹúûŽҽ纣ǿҵŵĵص㡣ȻһҪСģҪ;ֵ֮ˣһҪģԴ˼һӼѰԶӡŲĽ˵
⻹ֻǻҽ纣ΧպȻ
ѾΣˣҪӯĿ£ҪڵѨ֮Уͺľˡ
ߵĺڶǱҫߣ洦ɱĴҪķѾ޴һͻܱĻɢѾþٲˣߣ˭֪ʲô
һǳΣյĵطѽһ£૵֪ΪʲôҲ⣬ܾʲôвңҸ𡣵磬ȴûָо


612 
֪˶ã֪˶Զڻҽ纣УմżͼԴôһֱŻҽ纣
գҫߵıըȴ޴ڵؾֲһϢһ꺣󶼸ը飬ȴ̫¼ָ꺣
Ҳڶһʳˣȴ֮յĽִӺڶ߳أںڶ֮Ҳ˼ʶ
Ťסòѣȴĳһ췢ЩŤԼʧٴǰУŻҽ纣
ŵ֮޴ڣҪһн飬мʮβȴһһͦ˹
ͼԴСһһδѣҲʧȻ֪ǷʹȻСһһҲڡ
һ죬մżͼԴСһãã޼ʵĻҽ纣ţȻ䣬Դ͵һˣ״
ʲô֣ɫһ䣬ʲôΣҪô
ڻҽ纣Уߴ˼µĬͬɹ̫Σ໥Σ֪ҽ纣УʱĳΣգһܻرУֻҪоѱˡ
־ԵΣ;Ե˽ǲſԶɹգһֱڡ
ΣգԴ˷ܣҸоͬϢ
ͬϢһͬ˷ܵ˵ӦһԴ𣿡
ţһдԴ϶ڸȴҲȷеλã
ռԴӡ˵ؼһоԴڣ񣬼ԴԴں壬ľһԴԴֻʣһԴδ֡
ԭʣµһԴȻҽ纣ѹִܹۼԴʣµһԴڻҽ纣뵽زǿߣһԴҲۼġ
ҪҵһûֵԴ𣡡˷ܵ
ԴÿõһԴ𣬶δ֪žͻһʶһڻҽ纣εˣȻڻҽ纣ʶǴĽ׶Σ˵˼Դ֮ǰһЩ˵֮⣬Ƕڻҽ纣ûиʶ
üԴһԴˣ˵Եõڻҽ纣ļ䣬˵Ըָһĵ·
ˣһ˵ָӦԴ𣬼ҪԴյͷ
Ҳ֪ȷеλáԴȻ໥һģûúøӦ֪ڸȴҲѽ
ܷӦǿһ£ͻȻʵ
ܣԴͷȻֻǵһԴ𣬵ȴΪǿʢ֮ǰյκһֶܶ࣬ҪںԴ𣬶ûаܹ
ܹӦӦҲԸӦ㣬֮һֱָӦҪ˵ҲҪ㣬Ѱǻ۸ߣյ˼
пǾȺ򣡡Ȼ
ãԴ˷ˣʼԼҽķλϣԸӦõ
׼һ£ӭڻҽ纣һնԼʾһ£ʼ׼һľۼԼ
ԴҺͿտʱ뿪ñˡ顣
ţԸӦ㣬ȴӦǣӽ֮󣬷ˣ˵ҹ㣬ҺͼŸҴ󵨵Ĺʱ֣㽫ˡЦ˵
ѽԴӸˡ
պͼˣԶããвϵϢһΣһڶڴ䱸š
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ڻҽ纣УŻ֮ǿߣһСĽǰݲȣΪ֪ĸΪҲ޵Уܱߵ֮пܽǻɢ
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Ѿ֪ˣϣֻ۵Զʲô˿ϧһδʧˣѾ֪˶ٴˣÿһεصĻشûС
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ΪǺľ뿿ˣƺԸӦһЩϢسֻ۾رţǵֻ۾ԽԽǽĳ٣ȴһֱڳŽ纣ߣô꣬Ǻǵľĺܽˣֻ֮ͨΪһ·ձǸطϢǰЩϢ̫죬ǰһ򣬲֪ΪΣȴϵϢþòɢ
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˹˵ôһ׶еķԾΪý飬ͿԴﵽ˸߶ȣһܹһгΪ޵еǿߣԲһĽɫ
ҪԼżİսͻȻһֿ벻˵ľ磬ǻƲϼһĻ׹ֵķ˵ＫΪֲ˵Ȼиӹǿļһˡ
ҲûмңһֻˣŮģҪǽͬ飬ȴϴʾܾˣǶˣȴһͿء˹һʮѾͷ򲻹Ҽ֣һʯͷֺ飬֮ǰʩչѷɫǳѾͷǳ׺ݣȻȴּΪжϴα˵ĻҪأҪ죬ҿʱûлָħռ壬һҪǺݶĳѾͷ𣡡
տգ֮ǰڻجج䣬ںϸγɵԽʮ֮ǻΪ촷ۡһܹ֮ͨģϼһûк˵˵ĻŮĿ϶Ż֮Ϊ˵ռ磡
˹ôһ˵Ҳ͵һ𣬺Ȼ䣬ʶűȾβͨĸҪǿĸ֡
ҪȻͨĸܣǾβҲţʶöȫˡ

ͷʮǧұ˵Ļˡôһûɱ㣬ǲǾñʴˣһ͸·յ
˹һ־壬˵ģ˴Ұɣ
˹Ȼǳϱȱֳ˼ȵĿֻţķæǸ¶ԷͻȻ¶֡
Ȼȴûٴδ
֪˶ãɢĿĵӼԶ֮Գƺмֱֳ꣬һ
ֶãղſŮڸٷУһƺֻʮ꣬һԴһ£Ҳֻжʮ͡
Ůòرڣ˵ƽƽƽϣֻ˫һ
ʮŮһ˫鶯쳣ɽŵϪˮ峺ûһ˿ʡ
ԴһЩŮ˫ǳĿϬеڣһͱ˵ǿƣֻǿһۣ;Լ˼һأָоͨĸʱûС
ʱŮһ٣˹֮СһЩŮֻ˰˹һۣ˹Ǹ̬ȺõĲٺˣȿջҪࡣ
ԵһЩģһһ˫Ŀڼյϣһ
տգŮǲǿˣСֹһ䣬֪ΪΣŮʱҲЩ飬ܾԼ˼ңָǳ£
ҽΣϺ𡣡ԴһЩŮżտ֮ͻȻȻһЦ紺棬øС
𣿡Ϻһһ£εѣ㣬㺰ǣʲô˼
ô΢΢һЦѾںˣԺеһˣ˵ӦӦƺΪ𣿡
ϺȻһ˫ͻȻ͵ؽյ֡
ɫ΢䣬Ҫ߶ԼֵȴԼϵ⣬ƺڣȻκεϢԣһƺޣ
оκεڣȻҲû취ȥֵüͷʵλΪγƺΪʲô˼
ȫȻ֪κÿüԲ졣
֪ʲôãȻ
Ժ֮š̫顯ԺѺΪһ壬Ӧ֪һвŶѽ
ʲô̫顯˵̫¼
ţǳƺΪ̫õѵûе֪飿ҲȻ㶮ǲһеʼ棬Ȼ㳹ںˣ̵̫ˡ


617 Դͷ

һĪϺŮˣΪңȻΪгɵǿߣ˵ĻȴüЩ֪룬˵𣬸ûһĸ
ĺΡϺŮһξ룬վڼյԣؽ䱸ţŮ˵ϣоΣգ֪Ů˵ΪжߣȴܾŮ˿Խ
ָоüʶŮӷǳǣ˹֮󣬲ûб¶ҪǶֵ˼üһ
ҲνʲôֻҪ֪׼ЩʲôüͷҲǰ䱸ţŮᶯ֡
ģǶ㲢ûʲô⡣΢΢һЦһ£͵ѾںˣԺԺеһ֣ɱ㣬ҲƻˣⲢҪġ
ûкҳںϣôһ㶣зһɲĸо
ûгں˻λǺЦЦݱѰζˣ㲻ܻվˡ
һݣʶŮӿƺɾԲĴ֮
ˡֱԣһеʼ棬ǳһ֣ǻϽȥ̹Ȼ
ˡճһǺãڸй飬׼ЩʲôɣĴ㣬żʹ˸ɫ
֮ǰȻǵ棬ʱ˻֮ʱһͷǵ̬κֻҪϾܹǶӦµĲ
кܶˣǶӦ֮֮󣬱ɸָĵӵͨ࣬Ǳ壬ͨͨõĵЩһµأܶӵ˷ɽ
ͨõˣ˸ɵĵ𣬳ֲͬϵĵɡЩУһֱΪǿĵУǶ¶ĵÿһֶһظ֪˶꣬еĵѱһһ¶ȥˣҲûκܹǶõˡ
ǵ棬ΪˣΪһָһɵˡΪеԴһеʼ棬ԴֵԶˣ˶Ϊе֮ϵĳƺʾ𾴡
ǰһսǶıԵ£һڶ˱ʧˡ֮ǵ棬㳹ʧȥϢҲûκһԸӦĴڡ
һĮǸ渵ûϸȻͨĻＧղǸΪ̫¼˶ȷѪ꣬һκ˵õκεĵطĶ
ΪǸȻͿ̿еĵɣе𣬶ȻΪ֮ΪǸ棬ܶǳΪ֮Ҳ˵
ֹ̰κθߵǻ۵ԣΪĲͬı䣡
ҪͨҵõʲôճĬһٴʵ
ȻһЦ˵ĿйأǴһͬѰҡԴͷ
Դͷüʲô˼
ģͨ˸棬˵Ǵɢȥģֳ֮Ϊҽ纣纣ԴͷһеıԴǻҽ纣ģҲ֮ĵ࣡ε
ȥǶʲô˹廰ˣҲ಻סеĺˡ
εһ·Ϊһµţһ֮ƺոµ磬׷İ˹ȻƲסˡ
οҲû˹һۣ΢Цżգˡӣֻһ㣬ӦþǴԴͷгġԴͷʲô˿ֻ֪֪ԴͷĴڣȴ֪ԴͷλãȻԴͷӦ֪ԴͷںδҲҪȥѰԴͷԭ򡣡
ȤôϺͻȻЦʵ˵ʼͳĬֱڲŲ廰
ԥһ£Цûоܾɡ
ŮȻǳǣҿԸӦλãҽ纣УҪŮȻܲף²Ů˿ܺ;βһ𣬶ǵĿȷȻȴŲɵ塣
Լնʵ˽⣬˵˲ӦԷҲŹˣɴһ㡣
ţʶ࣡Ϻߡ
ȴоԴͷλðտЦ
ûϵԴͷ̫ңԶżǻȥ֮ĵǶӦԴͷϽڹؼʱ̣ؼĵص㣬һԲԴͷλϾǶε
ǺðɣǴ·ҵİȫԵõϡ˾β˵׷һʱ䣬ԼԼӦһ˿ڵصϢԼӦǶˡ
ڴ֮ǰǸ׷ϣӦζԴأκϺټϰ˹˼ְա
ʲô˼Ϻʡ
ûʲô
߰ɡЦЦҪȥҽ纣
˹һȸԾϿʼȻҲ׼ˡ
ͷʲôйϵôϺ˳ǣЦЦؿŰ˹ãʲôֵ˭˵Ҫһˣ
˹һЦҲܳġ
ˣǵ̫ѷˣֻ鷳㻹Լȥɣһѵ˵ĻۣϺ񽥽
˻һ˹ɫһ䣬ͣĿżա
ɡڵ
˹ɫһϲĸм
ؼʱ˵ԵڻҸʹã֪ĵطһգø˳̽̽·ҲǱ֤ԼΣһֱҪֶΡռ
˹һػ˵ı顣
ǴϰɣѾһˣٶҪɫȻһѾ˼׸ٶһҲνģ
ţڻҵ鲻ϺЦЦ

ΡϺԺ󣬼ͻȻֺ·̱࣬Ů֮±ִݣ࿴ƾ춯صȻΣ赭дĸˣСĽ䱸ļպͰ˹ʡ
˺ѾôˣֻǴĸκϺֻҪǴһľ뷶ΧһͲʲôˣ˾Ͷ䣬жôǿɢЩ޴ڵȴΡ
ûãĳһ죬ͻȻüͷ׷ǡ
ʲôˣϺɫһݣͻȻεѣЩһ
ǣһˡҡҡͷǲвЩһĸˣеơָ򼧳ա
׷㣿˼ɫĹ죬Ϻߵ
Ӧǵġεͷ˵صϢ


618 ǿƵ
ĳ
βһ׷ôãһֱ뵽ѰһеĿꡣ
ҵˣȻ
βľˣ˷ٶȻӿ죬۵糸ֱȥãյӰ˵ĸӦֳ
֮ͨβһҵҪһܹӵδ
ľҲһǵȺһѾ̫ˡ
գԶβȽ飬㹼ǶΣ֪ħζʲô㾹Ȼҽħߣ˭ҲȲˣ
غľˣĹľһԾԾԵı飬ǵϧһ̾գΪ벻أûħ£Ҳֵģħ񣬶ҲвҿԲںݣȴħ
ףβһ£ؿŵأأԴҩˣСӺزʶֳص⣿
ЩԨԴӣа£ΪõİſԴﵽ֮ҵֱϵ
ԭˡһѹںǵʱС˵û뵽ǻһϵڡ
֪ѩܹ֮ҲΪ˼ҵİѩǾŹ֮Ϊѵûк˵£سһ֪֪ͼЩ֪ˣ֪ΪİѩĳɾͣȻΪͼ˼¶ֶ֣𱨵飬Ҳֻó
˻һɫΪѿͼ¹ش󣬼СַħΪ͸̫ƽҲܹСӻȥ
ںϵԴɣЦ
ˣβһȣأҪǵĿģǧˣҪȥħǵʹ
ؿ˼һۣ˵ͷεضԼյҲ壬ʵΪҲܽܡ
صһüԺһ㣬صǲˣվȻҪԴ֤ڵİΣһ޿ɺǣڶ֮ǰܹԼаµĶ飬˵صǹ䡣
ľ񣬻Ǿβ˼Զİˡ
βϺΪҲ֪˵Ӳ²Ǻͼ֮Ĺϵǲ˻ΪպƴҲϺοֹǡ
ҲǺʲôϵͻȻϺڣСǵˣǱùԶһ㣬ֱ𲻿
Ϻһڣˣһ˫鶯쳣˫ɷڣȻûһ˿˲źֶΡ
Ϻǿƣþβһʶ˼˰֣ǲδϺϣ۷ĴڣǲΪ䲻ðСѾͷֹǻɱպͼĲ
ǿˡЦЦʼɵҪԸңҲҪ˼ⲻˡ
֪ϺεΪͨһʱദоͻȻԳƵŮˣԲǵ֮٣Իҽ纣Щյʱôݲȡ
뿴ΡϺʵԴͷʱ򣬱ѾͷˣҪǰ׼
˵֮Իᱻһ׷ϣΪ֮˶Գţ뿴Ľ
̬ڰľ籾ڽС
ϺǿƣȻŭаԵľββֻһ㶣ٺЦѾͷ֪֪֪֪Ϊǣʲô³
Ѿͷ£һˣͷˡ
ţҲòӦúǷϻϺǿƣͷһۡ
λͷ
Ϻٷϻ˫һ̧֣һֵķӡ֣߳
һ䣬β˷ӦɫľͻȻϺðһţ͵ش˲佫βȫ֡
ڣ
һ޴֣һӽβסУŤţһľβ³⡢⡢׹⡢⡢ѩľ׶
֣ϵŤһɹɻص̼䱬Իʮ֮ǡ
ŹͬÿһǵĿֲܣһΣֿʼֹ֮еĲԽӵҡ
һҫߣһžֵ˲䳶˾ڣھβ˵һһըβǱɫ֮
ôҲ벻Ϻ˵־Ͷ֣ûκεԤףһ;춯أȻûκηӦ£׷˵
ڣβһأ׷״߶Լβһ֮£仯Ϊβĺβҡҷţڵ飬ľҲ˲ľľ֮ڸĹ֮µ˸
ͬ츳չ׵绹죬СǧһӬһڹпٷӣԴЩŹɾ³ҹ
صֻ۾Ϊһ⣬ӿĲΡ
˸ʩչԼ츳ԭʼ֮ˣ츳ͨھһȻûһܴ
ȻǾסˣȴɲܹƾ֣ʩչǱŵľ׾ٵĻ⡣
֮ǿߣ۷ڣȻϺһ˸ھУûһ˿Գ
տĿɿڴ
һ̣ʶΪʲôʼϺˣûбֳ̬ܵˡ
ԭβˣѹû˼ҷﰡ
εѣҪͷһѣĸһȻܹǹΣգҪǣҪķҲٵԪġϺžе˰ȻüͷͷΡ
죬ҲǳأףɱֽܷšҡҡͷϺѣҪǻҪˣȽЩ˶ԣ⼸һѷɫ̫࣬ǲΪİ˷̫ľ㿴أ
ݲȵزٿžֵϺôһ˵ü壬ԥһ£ͷε͸
ô˵ţϺһƾһץǾһڣһߣֱ˲ɢˡ
˺ҲҵĶ֣εѳ֣ǱֻбɱˡϺͷȻԣһһ仰ҹԶһ㣬´ǣұûôˣ
βˣһȻվǶؿŴʼնûжֵΣεΪ
أһ
ĵɫ΢䣬򼧳գ£
ģһһúÿţֻҪһţΣ塣ָżɫҺаѣϣܹһӣһǵݶ飡û˵̫͸Ӧ֪̱漺͹壡顣
һ£Ĭãͷͷϣܹ˵顣
գؿ˼һۣתȻȥ


619 Żһ
صȥԾβ˵ǸСĴ˵ѿ²ΪһߣβҪҼյ鷳øӵļѡ
˵߾ߣкû򣬾βǶԵЩ֪롣
ϺڶԴ˵ʱûһɫ裬ھβɨһ£Ϻȵôѵ
βˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺںκϺʵԥǷҪðһԡ
æвһЦָľ˶Ϻ˵ϣֻ棬˵ôܷͷ˵϶
ľɫȻѿ
ҺιأϺˣЦҪĻԼֱˣֲ㡣
Ҫ˵Ķαغϻ
аǴЦݣΪǳʱǵĶֻ֣ͷæˡ
գζҪըˣ޿̵һû֣㾹ȻҴҵ⣬ΪһӶɣ
ľһɫѿȴһԲֻǿ򼧳յʱ鴤ȻҲǺ޵ĵס
ҵȻһӶˣҿ϶ҪȥġȻ壬ҵһȥʱӦҲκβˡ
պϾʼ磬ֵǧ׷ĿĲֻΪħǿž׷ɱңΪβܹռǵıˣ
ľļѪȴ޿κΣʱʼԼΪβ͵һ뿪ˣװСӴ˻ᡣ
޹ءϺҡҡͷ˵ԼԼûôй㴦⡣
ΣһתͻȻһ⣬ȻΣϵĻףѰԴͷĹؼҵϣһＫΪϤֻǷȱٵļ䣬һõϵĻףȻܹһĴ𰸣
˻棿εȤˣΪıԴͷˣһд˹ؼֳ㹻Ĺע
һ
ڼյʹļԴδʬ׵ðͷڼյĺ֮£ϳΪһŲϱģĻ磬ֻҪܹõϵͬ࣡һϣҿ϶ѰԴͷģ˵ҵļУȷԴͷӡڣֻʱȱ˼ؼѡ
Դͼͨں˼ԴǻԽԽߣѾ֪ʲôʱýʲôˡ
ιȻϵˡ
żԴؿһȻһЦɴãҰ㽫ϵĻȡ
ľ
ߣβһһűķȥһʧ
ľһ֮ҲӦ˹ٶȲȾβ̫࣬ͬΪ⣬ããȥԱ߻ŵĺڶܲΣҲ˲ˡ
ˣֻҪл׵ˣȻҪס˻ףȡ
û𻰣˫һͫһӽľټҫ촽ſһ̫ͼȻݶ̫ͼ֮ҫ貵Ĺ󣬲ˮеһȦȦӳȥ
ĲУ·̲ݱУһ︴յϢ̫ͼ֮ͷųƺԴϢһ䣬̫ͼ֮УٿִĨɱһ֮
ݻΪƲͬϢ̫ͼϾţ֮ת
Ƶȥ˲Ϣ̼ܣƺռ˲סˡ
ͫУľٷݵͻȻ壬ϵش߶ڵͼ̫ͼƵӰѣɲŬֻܹǶֺá
߳öɢȥֱ೤
ߣ֮ľţֻͲɱŲĿռȴƺиһС飬סǵĿռٿƶزϵغˡ
ʱľˣɱǰеƣѾڼյҰˣľһľʧ룬ſҪʲôȴһ
似
պȻϺһ仰˼ˣѹ˵һζ֣˱ֻܹɱˡ
ƺΣǺݽɫѹϺҪѯԭϺҪࡣ
£ҲɱǣɱҪ˷̫εôŵȻ΢ЦһжôĺгֻҪϵĻװˣʵһ㣬ԴҶкôҪȻһпǵϺõĴˣǿɲҪģҲǰɣ
£ΪľΪ۷ǿߵľʱҪж֪ʱʧַ緶ȴǿЦŵͷоȻ˲̫ķͷ
ʶŮӣǱǾ̫Ŀֲڡ
ܿģʲôʹ࣬һ㣬ԣο·ںƤӤ˯Ų˼ħȻľ˸ԸִУȥ֡
̫ͼջתţɼţ̫ͼе첨ûľڲ֪Ӱ˵ģϢؽľ꺣һķʽϵԴ
ǽ˺ϵնϵһط
ûˣûˣȥɣĶĶȥ΢΢һЦ
Żף֪ʱƮУŻ֮ϣҲûľϵ˿ϢʩԴ֮ϵͷĸɸɾʣһ˿ʣһ
ľˣ·ʩչȴޱȣôԴʵʵش뿪ٴλΪ⣬ãȻδ֪֮ԶȥֻһϢȫޡ
ͫ˵ټ˲ʧ
ЦЦ֮е̫ͼɻΣһӰ٣ľϵԴвϵŤŻףƺҪѸٴȥ
ΪԴ˸߲ҵĿǡ
ҪҪҪ
ŹǰɣҪҪԼʶ
Դ𴫳Ҳǻۣۿ˲ˣ֪ǼԴĶ֣Դżˡ
ǺΪһ壬עˣǱܲˣԼҲֹˡԴĬһ£ͻȻǰ˲佫Դס
һУԴԣãԴڡ
֪ԴҪδʬ׸ҪµĻ׸Ҫһʱ䣬Դھ룬㹻ʱȴȥȴԴеԴ
Դ𳹵ںϣ˿һͻƵռ֮ڴˣõʵͰǰ˿ޱá


620 Һ̬
ľˣһ·Ǳӣ֪˶ãŻȻѹ
Ǹʲô͵סһ£ͻȻеϵԴѾŮ˸ȡˣǾȻûз
ľһ֣ǸոôˣΪʲôǻʵʵŮ˵Ļǲ˰ɣ
ǿĻһУǸʱȴĸԸȴһЩҲһȻ
ô죿͵ɷʴһףûܹõСӵԴԼϵԴ𶼶ʧˡľİա
ô죿ɫҪѿжѿ׷ȥֵô䲻Ůˣ֪ʲôطȻӵ˿ֲǸǵĶ֣
ôôľ񲻸ġ
ʲôð취ЦУβǿˣȴӵġǵռ֮ԶûлŮ潻棡
ľȻĬ죬Ŵͷɥû뵽һ˻ҽ纣֮УǾȻһͿأħڣ֪Сڻҽ纣лкҶ¼ˡ
ڻҽ纣񽥽ڻҽ纣УȻΣҲкܶ˵ܹͻҪȻǻһĵ
ţҲôģľ
˽ʱͻȻǰɫĹââļ죬˲Ϣ䵽˵ԡ
ɫˣĳЩĽܣһӨĽĽһģһģûһ˿ĸ飬ʯͷ
˹֮󣬱ͫ㣬йѶ˸ӹû۾ľѲš
࣬ϺεһĽӲһ˵Ŀд
ľɫһشˣſʶȴܹ˵ϲκεϢ·վĽֻĽ飬ûһ
ʲôһ̲סȵ
е۹ʮŴҺ̬ˣǾźšһĻشֱʵʲôطϺεģԶǱߵ٣
е۹Һ̬ˣ
ľһˡ
ʮӻشʮӺ󲻸𸴣򣡡ԳΪźŵĽˣĸһӲĻֱӿʼһ

һʶ˶Է̬ȲѺãͷϵ˵һͷи֣ȻһԻһ֮ǵĿ쫷ţ͵سԳҺ̬˵Ĺ塣
쫷˲佫Һ̬ûֿԽɱһķ쫷֮Ű̶ĺХڶ
塢
쫷УǸڼ
һȻ仯ΪһĿĹ⵶쫷֮зһȦ۶ɵ쫷ţ̼䱻˺ѷ飬ϣȻܹ¾ۼ
ߡˡ
źŵûһ˿вľȻ
Ǹ򣡡ľͻȻӦָŸո뿪ķ򣬾еǶҲ֪ʲôֻ֪꣬ǵٶȣŷɳǧ
źŵͫУֲϵ˸ƺĬĬؼʲôֻһ룬ƺѵóȷеλãĿȷʮߺţʮţ
δãǶǹˣջе۹ĹɣǿԻǡһ˵
УĿһвͣ𡣡źйⲨش
סǸ˻ش
Գƻе۹ʮŴҺ̬˵ļһôҲľһۣľָĿѸٷȥ
ľǶԡ
㻹ôúľɫȻɫ԰׵ʵ
ǣǡѵԥţ죬¶ģ߰ɣ뿪طٴȥҲزȥˡ
Ҳôģľ̾ϢҲشˡ

ЩһѰˡɫԱ䣬ͻȻһĸͻȻǻ׸Щ뿪
ϺҲһݣţ
κϺŮһۣһץһֱקżպͰ˹ֱԶŶȥٶȿüպѡ
ΪһɫţڼյļϣľĶԼ鴫ѶտգŮҲеˣʲôĵˣǶҪܣ
֪Ů˱Ⱦβ࣬ûһռ֮ҲˡǶļһȻȾβ̫ˣǻʵʵһȽϺá
տգ˵ǻ᲻ǣǵĵ˿ɱǣǸ·һˣ
ʲôõ뿪취ô
롭
ˣϺͻȻЦֻҪǶ뿪˼һԥɱɱոյļҿܻҪϵֽţҪǣȴ׾٣
㣬õǵ鴫ѶȻ
СѡϺм˵ǵ鴫ѶˣֻҪԸѵԺ뷨Զԣʵһ㣬Ҳǣ
Ϻôһ˵Ĭˡ
קŵļգѪſӦ˸٣ӦԲϵؼĵ⣬Щ̲֮ŻɽֻڸٷкĦġ
Ѫ֮ǿԳ˸ٷɳ۴ķ֮аȣʶεĿ֮
εСץź󾱣Σȴ޿κΣεС쳣оһ˿ǿȴֻ֪ҪԸ⣬һֻС֣׾ٵĽɱˡ
Σ׷ʲôˣԥһ£ڻ̲סʵ
е۹Һ̬ˡεȻӦһ䡣
ľʱıһҲɻ󣬹ŹֵʲôܹΪࣿ
̫ˣҲǶôϡĴڡ΢΢üͷڽͣе۹һΪǿĵ۹ǽ̬һݻЩӵ˼ǿǸǿƼʱЩӵ䵶˴ȵغ÷ʽǿͶȳ󣬵Ϊֹһûҳ׻ʮŴ˵ķ֮ǰ׷ɱļһ̫ˡ
ΪʲôҪ׷ɱǣȻ
ûʲôȻԸش𣬷ܵҪѰһֻھУЩҺ̬˲Ųܹų׷Ѱǡ
ΣǰһϺͻȻɶһ£ֵֻǣֻǡ


621 i
ǰɫһУţûһҫߣһڶҽ纣޴ڵĸȻҲһ˿·һվԵ֮أȴħһ㲻ϵŰǶ
i磡ֻɨǶһۣ̲סһ
ţǽi磡ΣҪҪ룿Ϻ룬һƬΧͣѯε
קżգҲǶͣĿӦһЩҺ̬˺ܿҪˣʱǲһǺЩһ׷֮ǰҵһˣ
ȥϺʡ
ȥδһ䣬һȻСһ㣬סԼ꣬ǧҪɣ
ͷ޹أҪҪðգҽ뿪Ϻſ˹iУʮа˾žҪˣ뿪ЩҺ̬˲ô
Ҫһ˹֡
֪ߣϺԲãٹܰ˹һǰǽɫС
ζ˵קżվʹС
ӦĺХȻһУһȴ̲ס
ǽiУյ꺣꣬޴ڵ磬ȻֱӴ꺣У̼䣬Ժʹ궼Ҫɢˡ
ֻһʶiԵĲ˵ȻҪɢ˵꣬ɢ
ǱĹ
꺣ж˽i磬Ժ类ǧУʹкҪ־ᶨޱȣҾ޼޴󷨣˵ôһӱܲסˣ˲ˡ
ˣϺǿߣ˽i֮Ҳüͷһɡ
Խǿˣڽi˹Խǿ¡һ飬ҪʹˣһˣͻɢԶָܻ
ףձһͫйâһ
ϵļһiУһ˲侹Ȼ㣬ÿһ㶼ӵżϢ
ǼΪ壬iУȻһܵӰ죬Ϸ
û°ɣԺе׶ʹ࣬ǹܼȵ
û£ҿ¾ۼҲԶᡭ˼ĻӦ
ôһ˵հ֪Ӧòʲô顣
ˣôˣԴֳ
£ʵԪСպһͻȻʶʲôæҲԽԪ飡
ã
˵ֻһżջ㼯һڼյ֮û·өδ֪ԨһʧӰˡ
Ԫ꣬ϤԪһУɽԪ顣
ɢ֮ΪĹ㣬һһԪ¾ۼʱԪ壬һα仯ΪԭģԼշѶһӣûˡ
ţúšѸٻӦһ䣬Ϣ񣬾ȫֵ꺣дʹ
Уһ˿ޱȵϢĴ̫¼֮ɢ꺣УϢһ۵ҩע֮£վΪ֮һ𣬺Ȼ꺣ŰĽi磬ƺҲôˡ
Ϻˣһٴеı飬ǵ겨ǳĹ죬ǳĲȶʶĸӦǵ·ڷŴըӿ֮Ϣѡ
ȻϺٵĽi磬Ҫٵ̫ࡣ
Զǰ˹Ȼðˣֻ˹죬£ҲȫŽiӰ죬һʱҪģ
ȻӲǳסˡ
ŹľɢγһȦȦѼľϣԴӰЩiĴ
ĵشԽǿˣܵĽiԽͣձ޼޴󷨣ʹԶˣǲ̫¼İҲڽiдȥ
õ̫¼Ϣ꺣ܵiӰٴα࣬򲻵ȻϾˡ
κϺˣȻܵѹҪ࣬ȻԽiȽϤһʼΪʹ࣬Ȼ˲úҲӦʹĿӽ
һȭͷСĹ㣬˸貵ĹâͺǺͼɵĹⶴΪƣ·ͨİ硣
κϺ˵ı飬ǸطȻĿĵˡ
ķſʶӦһ£ʶǹ֮ϣȴûвκϢ
Ǿνľֵʵ
㣬㻹ϾʹüͷȻϣͫ˲˼顣
κ˶iĿ£һʱ۵ȥ޲÷һĵֿǽi罫ɢźá
Ҳǵһ˽iУȻȻȻϾģƺôܽiӰ죬ξˡ
iȷҵӦȽǿպٺһЦû̫¼ǸǾ
ǾڣϺҧ𽲻ｲǷģ
ôһϸһۣϺεϿ˿iǵӰȻ󣬾ȻôС
ޡ˵ͷۣϺϵҲأ֪ôһطκϺӰ죬Ҫ뿪һǧѷĺûᡣ
뿪˻ҽ纣βľˣʶܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ٴθӦĴڣһ뿪ããҽ纣ĳ۳ңõκϺܻʱֵǿߡ
ҪҪأ
ԥа˼ţ뿪ĻʱܵκεգҲпҺ̬ˣԺӣѰ̫¼ķпٴαΡϺ׷ϡ
һµʧվΡϺһ٣ˣûдﵽԴͷ֮ǰӦðȻ
ôʱ仺һ£˵ǼԴѾԴںˣ˵ҲܹһˣǸʱκϺ˵Ѿòסˡ
ôţ΢΢һЦȽȥˡ
䣬ƲκϺڽiпٳǹݶȥ
׼ȽȥϺһôѸݣ걻iŰʹ࣬͵ؾ
ϧӦģֻǼյһС
ôһȻѾȥˡ


622 
һνġҲããûһ˿֮
Ȼһ룬ִĽiʧ٣ĳУʡ
һɼΪ΢ĲͻȻ˷̼ӿԺУֻһԺоͷ·ĳӡǣһȻ
ǽ̫þУƺƿһС
ü䣬ããУȻһ޴ƽسʶı仯ƽؿʼðֳɽ˻ľ
һ磬ڼ̵ʱƾγɡ
·ףһУһзˡ
һޱĸо
ۣϸϸͷӿֵ֪䣬ʱ䣬һУ꺣УʼһУʼεռ䣬ռһĵס
֪ãջȻ
Ѿռг֣΢΢üȻѾõ˾ӡǣ
ʲôȻ
˭Ƚ뾻пܵõƿȨϺһֻ֣ɫ̫ÿϺҲ
Ҳǵ˼ҡҡͷ
֮ΪĵشδܵκεȾ˽룬Ǹ棬ʱҲֻһΪ㣬ŽݻǳȽ뾻ƿؾˣˡԥһ£ЩԸĻش
˵ҽ纣еĸ棬Ӿ仯ɣղȷʵ
šε˵ͷ
ĻشüǾΪðľ޴½أĻľһʱξУֲʵĸо
ˣһͨĲסУǵýǹͨҲرգҺ̬˻ǻѰϺߵ
ô
Լף
һۣһľУ꺣Уռеһӳճ
йһУĵ׸֣Ӱ֮£绺仯粻ӿһĿʼأеĲһС
һݵĹ֮أ꺣ֳ֮һʶǶ֮ͨĵڣΪͼ͸
ղ׼һ飬һռ䲨бһ̣ǰ˹ƣĴðϼе߳ˣ
죡ڣμƺ˲
ԥϢ񣬽ͷΪеʱ̣Ժֻ֮һһеͷ
ޱȡ
ƿ֮£ͨڣƺһиӲնˣ̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ˣһĺܺãĻЩҺ̬˱㲻ܲˡ
ǻ뿪ЩһȻѰǣǱһдһʱ䡣Ϻε
òˡȻһЦ
Դӽ˻ҽ纣ʱʱ̶̿Ҫ޴ڵգͨĸҽ纣֮ǰͨ񵤽Ȼֱڣûлá
ҽ纣УŸգ֮ǰΪûлᣬŲòһֱͨ񵤣һڿԷͨ񵤣һԼˡ
֪бĸˣκϺŮˣ㲻ӦģοκϺ֮⣬иҺ̬ˡ
˶ĸִڻҽ纣û㹻ʵԱ֪·̸μȥˡ
ȻһһҼΪ˵ĳΪ˾ˣרСûҵԴͷ֮ǰϺˣֲԸǧѷĺûᡣ
ֻˡҲεĵ˵ͷʱһʱ䣬úûָһ£¸һԼһʱľ˵ܹͻơʱˣһǣʱǱȥ
ãյһӦҸҰŵط
ü䣬ãã֮УͻȻٴγ޴½أ½һѸӿֳɽľһ´½
Ŀ½֮ǧϸˣһͻϣտԵһʱӦ
һһ飬ûз֮ǰǲҪԽ硣Ц
Ϻһһ½طȥʱһ½վˡ
΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲôҲһһ飺ллҽҲ뿪ˡ
ջܣ˶½վˣڼ½ϣŷԼҲϥ
ͨٿ֮иֳͨĸ֮ͨ񵤳ֳɫһ˿˿ϸСһţͨ۴С˱ǣԳձЩƲסԼˡ
Ψͨĸʲôֽţſʶ֮ͨӦһӣ̫¼ĸӦϸ֮ͨжһƵϢտ϶֮ͨжϢ޺ġ
ֻ˼ֱѯʣӦһ£ǷвõĶشڣ
ðɢһСĹ㣬ͨεһȦ϶ûС
ŷעһˣҪһʱ䡣
û⡣ͷ
ڻĿһڽͨУͨڼ˿˿ƵҺ̼ʽУɢѪУѸ͸
һǻӺðͻȻ䣬ڵ߰ٶʮѨһһȥǳǰ켣ŵǳͼ
ͨ񵤱ޱȰԵͨĸҩ֮еҩƺӿֲЩҩһɢվ;ûʹҪ͵
ʶͨҩǿûйԥոϽ仯ΪģۼܲڵѪѸΪѪѪ·ںˣһ¯ڵĹ
ʹϵ羷һܵҪҧʹʼתڵ꺣У߲ʻӡһûڻͨͨһӱˡ
ͨٴںϣ̫¼֮£ͨ໥ڣƺҪµĻˡ
̫¼ںκεںκεγµĸǿð壡

½УϺͻȻ˫۾ޱȡ
ǧκϺһۣһŵᳶǣ¶һж֮еЦݡ


623 ɾԭʼ
ͨеΪǧ˿ƣɢڼյ֫ٺ֮УƺһµϴʹУٴ
جج䣬Ժ֮е̫¼ӳã߲ʻӡвͨһӱûȻʣ̫ͨ¼İ֮£ٴνںϡ
һ׹֮ȴһС
ʱ֮бû壬оʱţĽı仯Ǳʶƺռ֮ͨڵĸϸл
һ꣬һ꣬ôȻӹˡ
Ȼ䣬˿˿ͨ񵤵ʼظԪһСһľͨ񵤵֮£Ȼʰ쵣ƺ̲޾ԡ
ЩԪ飬ͨ񵤵ҩЧͨЩעԪ顣
Ҳ֪˶ãԪ鴫˻ӦԪеľ֮ƺִԪѨӿյ壬󼧳յĹѪһĽ
µע˼ջ߰ٶʮѨüյѨǳһ㰴ضĹ켣ת
Ѩÿתһ죬ѨеƺչһȻ䣬ͨľԪƺڵѨͨˣ˫ԻϵԪеӿѨУĸıѨ
ֲ֪˶ãĳһ죬ջȻһͻȻ
߰ٶʮѨ緱һ貶ĿҫһռԣԪȫ汬עѨ
Ѩϵر仯еһСȵأջÿһѨƺһԪ飬Ѩ֮еɢȫڷ
ģǼյһѪ޾㼯ѪѪһ̲ž춯
Ѩâ䣬ٿأȫҫޱȣһС̫Ŀ쳣
ӿһдŵĴ֮ĺӦһʱ䣬һƬҲ֮仯֮еżҲӿ塭
ֳһʱ䣬ձ仯ָֻԭۼʧһȻ飬¶Өĳ͸ľ壬˸ŶǵĹ
ȫѨ·һᾧתţüյԽԽǿ
Զ½κϺǹһж֮еĵЦݣ˺ǵЦݽ˾Ȼ¶˳ޱȵı飬·ʶʲôѾǵƿء
˹ڸһʱľҲͻȻ˾ı仯߿谭Ͷ˼գͬ¶˾֮⡣
ٿأ˫ƺ̲ؼУһо
ԺУ߲ʻӡеͨںϣ꺣УһոµĻĵס
鶯֮һٿ֮ۼ֮飬
µĻ壬ӡԺУ̼ӵ˺Ͱ˹һٿ֮ŵͬǣҪͨ
ͬһʱ䣬תļգ̫¼Ϊ̫ռ䶴
˱ԭƲ䣬յȻ̫þУ̫þڣС̫³棬һڶŹסôõĴİѾںڶ֮ϵյĸɸɾˡ
˾ĺڶڲˣ¶˾һİ꣬¶̫þеİޣԵúǾ֣һյ룬㾹Ȼ̤ԭʼ֮
յȻۣһϢ䣬仯ΪյòЦͷŸոţˣҲſԶԭʼָ֮ƣҵõϾʶİˡ
㲻ô޾С
ɲ㣡һЦЦ̫þʱ쳹Ц̫֮þһǳЩǳ֮ϵһĤݣ׷׽еˣ
Ц֮ЩǳһӱŨޱȣǳһһ֮иֳ֮ӲЩǳ̫֮þ֮е磬úȫȻһ¡
һС̫еĻ֮͵ضŴ˾˲סԻصٿرӿĳ˴˾޵꣬ʼ˾޲Ļ֮
ͬʱʶ仯䣬һޱȵĹ֣͵ؽ˾סޱ֮Ϣ֮бһ䲨Ѹٱոĵס
˾ļͶĸӦôѸɼƿص̫þУʧļͶؼĸȫ˼յľʳûһ˷ѣȫȻΪ˼Ļ
һʼ໹ֽţأٷżӡǵķѽڣ޴еһӡǣڿʼ׵ʧ
¾Ȼ԰޵ҩ¾һӰ£˾ޣĹаǿߣ˴׸ӡ𽥵ĵʧ
ۼգͫ˸ڴ˾޼ʧͬʱػһУ֪˴˾޵¼˾Ϊ䱦ĶĸһһܣҵõйϾа塣
ڣ˾仯İţ鿪ΪһСĹ㣬飬⣬ȴռĹָε裬֮дŵһһ
˾ޣ𣬲ҽԶûиĻᣡ
һˣǳˣӡǣйİһһ飬ޣ˼ԺһǼһ֣ʵ˼յ򣬳ȫ˼ա
˾޴ǧ꣬Ժ֮иּ಻յõЩ͸֮УͬܣϿʼȥɣһЩɵļԺ֮ǿ޳˾θףȵȺصģٴα
ڼԺеģĸӦ֪֮һЩµ򣬻дľ飬ںڶЩǴ˾ڰ̵ƿ֮
Щ䣬űոıڼһǣȥȥЩ䣬ЩΪԼĶ
һݣ˾ƪ£Ȼһ壬ϴԼ꣬ʼٴνϴò𣬳ΪԽһԭʼǿߵĿֲꡣ
й֮ãһһԺ֮ӹµľ֮УãȻ䣬̫þ߳ͨͨԪľ񾭺Ԫ鹵ͨ˾ƿԪķȫ֪


624 
һȫλĺԪ鹵ͨȻĳЩ棬ԪĽϵѾԶԶ˴˾ԪĬֻǰһֱ֪ƿԪԪء
ֱһ̣
õ˴˾һм䣬ʶԪİ֪Ԫζʲô֪νԪӵ
Ժе̫¼һηЧ
Ӵ˾ǶõϾ壬꺣ӳճͬģ¾İ壬Ҳ꺣֣İ壬̫¼£ʼںϣ
һķصйУһһԺи֣ѸٵĽһ𣬹ΪԴľ裬ôӿ꺣󣬳ΪΪĲ֡
꣬仯꺣˾κˣΪ֮仯һССԲԲһ棬ƺͨ棬Ȼͻҽ纣żơ
³ɾͺ꣬ν֮ꡱ
ı仯ʱγɣһ˲ӵŸеذ
һζ֮Ԫ飬Ԫ֮Уһ۾
ԪеһֻͫƺҫһС
ؽ棬зͨĸͷֻһоͨĸλá

һߵУһ鳯źڰ׹ľ޴ʯʯϵţڹأκ˶ܹиӦֺ֮
ʯģĽ棬һѪصľ޴һС½ء
ͨĸʯ֮Ŀٵ磬Уˣͨĸһϣɫ££һϥţ̸ʲôΪδüչ
ͻȻ֮ϵϣȻԳյ
ͨĸ˫Ⱪǣ͵ؿֳļյľ޴ף𾪡
գͨĸͺȡ
ؽ棬ƾոֳӰ仯ʱӰһ߻壬ͨĸվ΢΢һЦĸһлô
ͨĸйâҫƺʶʲô㲻Բԣ
һڻҽ纣պЦش
ͨĸһ𣬻ȻվںγꣿԪİ
š΢ЦͷԭǾôңԶ˲棬֮Զʱյ谭ͷԴﵽͿԿԽһпռϣֱ죬Ҳʶһ㡣
Ȼ¾ںˣ꣬ɾ꣡ͨĸ͵شЦҶĶˣȻɾ꣬ӽ֮ľҲ޷𣡡
ǺǣϵԴѾҵõˡҲԭʼ֮˾еļӡõټβľҲˣУӽҲûһ˿Իˡ̹Ȼ
ܺãͨĸһȻʵǷ񲻱ؼˣ
㻹Ҫһʱ䡣ҡҡͷȻʱһ㷵ȻҲ¾β˵׷ɱڻҽ纣Уһδɵ飬㣬Ҫ㣬ħ㲻صˣһԴ𳹵ںˣħвҿԳƿ
ʲôʱ򷵻򣿡
֪ܺܿ죬ҲҪһʱ䣬βӦѾˣǻǨŭ㣬㻹Ҫ˶һʱ䡣ҳŵ㣬гһմҴﵽԭʼһᱣһ岻κ˵˺Ҵӻҽ纣أһҵĳŵ΢Ц
ţˡͨĸͷżյӰ䵭һ䣺Сġ

ͬһʱ䣬ҹǡ
̱漺͹壡ˣۼһΪյ뿪üչһģа¡
а²ϵرʾããǺУҲ֪յںδ
һμ䣬ǧȥˣ֪ȥ˺δ̱૵ѾͻƵ۷֮ҲҪ֮ͨˡ
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Ҫǣںһģһеʼ棡ε
ҲǡϺ¶ȻɫƺͻȻʲôԾؿΣĻж᲻ʲô䣿
˫һţҪʱʲôʣҪıһǶԴ̬ȵģҿڿɲܹŪˣҺúһ룬費Ҫú̸̸
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䣬һĽi磬ŲκϺ˹ԽԽԶ
ڿƽi磿Ϻɫ΢䡣
뵽һĿܣһ򼧳ҪԸǣֻҪ֮Ľi磬Ǳ಻ԣ˵ǧ궼ѳ
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Ԫڱۣۿҫһ깵΢ϸΪΪҲʱյ
յ꣬ͻȻΪʮһɣԪ鿪س޾ռзݣ̽Ԫľͷ
֪˶ãʮһеһ꣬ﵽԪһΪңԶǸУһ껺дŵһ޴С
ʮ꣬ķ֮Ҳ׷ѰĿ꣬˼Զ֮صڡ
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Ȼǳ֮ϣһڵףȴһ߾޴ĺǣ
ĺףյӰͻȻԳǺЦ૵ҵĺǣǵһ
յӰü֮ſһֻ۾Ԫ仯̬֮
ֻ۾ſһĿĹâͶҫһ߾޴ĺ֮ϣ͵СʱȻ̬
ֻ۾Уâ˸һ޴ĺֳ
һС֮ĺǣ·ĳǣӺзɳؽ֮ڡ
ʧУյӰ΢΢һЦȻһ

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ʥʥ޴ʱ಻ڣʥϹħأϹħͣսЭ顣
ʥһ޹Ƕľ޴ɽϣ޹һֳޱȵ޽ۺһһɽʥʥأÿһʥ֮ϵĹͷᱻʥĴͳ
һ죬һɽһǣյӰֻ۾ҫھ޴Ĺɽ֮ϡ
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һ޴ͻȻֳһһ޴ĽӲС
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ԪһͨԿףһƺѾעҪģֻǰеͷɢλѡ
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ȻһεںϣǻͻںϣֻںҪʱ伫Ϊһֻ꺣вϵر仯ţչ
֮⣬Ԫеڡϵ٣ڽԪϴӣԶԶûдﵽںϵĽ׶ΣҪȻںϻҪʱ׶εںϣĵԪǲҪʩӶ
Ԫڷŷ츲صı仯һȻŸӵɱ䣬һжεĽţκϺʱʱغ˵ŻȻӦϷŵ仯
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ܿͻ֪صЦЦ

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ҡͷһĽͣҵĿûд֮ģֻ;һĴڣ˳㳯߸ˡ
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Һ̬ˣҫһѶϻ㣬Ҵ͡ôͻȻڼյǰ֡
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ҲһݣŹֵؿԼ³һЩüտ϶֪һЩҪȻôôһ˵ڿ϶ԼĲ²⣬չȻһ֪
ҵȷ֪һЩպЦͷ̫һҲ֮շתһȫµ棬Ҳǻе۹ڵ棬Եĳ֣Ǹĵ˿ƼʱƾһĽÿһϵرҳȱĽһĵȼԽԽߣӵ˽ǻ۵ԡ
Ц˵йԵ¼κϺļΪ𾪣ǹҺ̬ˣҲһԲĽ
ô֪ǻе۹£Һ̬˾źŻеʵ
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û͵ȡʲôƬΰͨڶе۹һȫǳ½Ǹǳ֪ʲô󷨣ֹڶܵʱһƬԼҵ壬һֱҪһƬȴôҸ֪ƬǵʲôԾƬ
˵ѡЦҡͷҪʲô֪Ͳ˵ԵʱôľˣҪһֶ֪ӦûΪУֹе㲻֪йκѶϢ


628 
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仰˵ƿԣ˺һ
ƬҺ̬˾źţľȻΣ׼ˡ
ΪΪΪˣŭĿԲɷ硣
ҾۼڴˣĿһ£ӣʱԴͷˡ΢Ц
˻һ˶۾һҺ̬˾źţһ
ղٶ˵ʲôͻȻ˫ۣü֮Уһ貵Ĺâţֻһֻµ۾ü븡ֳ
ө⣬ֻ۾ɢ翪Ȼһȫˡ
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â֮ȥ֮ڵ֮⣬һɢֳһСȵĺڶ
Щڶ֮УͻȻǿ֮ĲҫеĺڶϵŤ仯ðһι״࣬߹ϵ
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ûмҫѹ;첻ﾹȻ˶ĺڶǱ˶۷ǿߡ
׼˵Һ̬˾źţ֮£Ҳסˣʱû϶ֵ뷨
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ϵѪ֮УһǵľѪԥһ£Żش
צƺͻȻȤҪѯⷽϸڣȴȻ̸ѧŰ˹׷ʣǾۼʲô
Ϊצ̾ϢһҲԸӦԴͷĴڣﵽˣڻҽ纣ѰУնҵԴͷԴͷ֮ȴԥ
ΪΣ˹ʡ
ԴͷգֻضʱŻῪÿһԴͷĿž޴գԴͷΧۼһδεգд󲿷Щֲ֮»ɢˣֻȼҽԴͷСצ̾ϢһÿһԴͷʱΧͻɢذгֻΧεǶܹջЩðܹԴͷģ֪õ˶ٺô
צһۣҪܹԴͷǾ̫òˡ
Ѿõ£ΪλҪðԴͷдǵΪŵκһУ۷Ĵڣοðأ˹ʡ
׷ֹצҡҡͷֻҪһ·ܻҪߵķڱҲò򣬲۶ޣԸһֻܹҵͻƵҲΪʲôǻۼԭ򡣡
צһõ˺ܶ˵Ͽɣʮ۷ڣһ겻ѡ
ϣЩڸǿߣۼȻల£ӹϵüãȻûκ
ǣǵĹϵƺã⣬ôܣ˹⡣
Ƕڲͬ棬ããУ߼޾ܹۼﲢףĿȣįǳ˿ģܹи̸ˣǴҡĿһ£Ϊ˽ԴͷÿһԴͷʱ򣬶Ҫͬ۹ãÿһζ˲ҵɥûǿʳΪû̫ǿͻֶɫ꣬渵
üͷЩֵһһɨЩһ綼Ϊڼ˵ԿԸӦڡϢȻǼﵽռ¾ߣһһ棬ڡǵõˡϵĳһѪ⡣
йڡʹڣѶˣĿ⿴Щ˵ʱԺ֮е߲ʻӡķŵļΪԪڲҲֹͣתԼϵĲˡ
˷쳣
ħϣĿ⣬ƺԿ͸һУεһȦ
֮ǰѾħˣû뵽Ǳˣռ֮ߣȻֲ
յ˵ͷħѱƿأΪķˡ
Ҹоõϣš硯Ϣצüͷǲһϡ硯Ϣأÿһÿһֶǿ㣬ѵѵõУ
צԼˣеСӣ֪һһԻʲô
𡣡Цŵ˵ͷ
ȻףΪʲôҪһצЩԾˡ
ͼͬһ⼸ռ֮ǿߣҲüͷһ˼ա
ڴ֮ǰѾ֮ģǲصһ㡣ЦЦֵңҲһ룡
һ£ֵĽ룡
˻һоۼǿߣһȫסˣ׷ײŵĿ
ΣԼҳԴͷˣûƭɣûмͣǿΣЦǺǵʵ
죬˵ͷ
ҾۼҪԴͷĿһ¡ɫһҿԽԴͷոҫֻҪңҶ԰Ȼ¡Դͷ֮еʲô˭Ҳ֪Դͷ֮УҲû˿Ԥϡ
һٴʵһ䣬Ҫðô
û˻شе˶ᶨҪʲǻȴûһ¶Ӻԥ
ǵѾﵽˣκһУܹٽһˡ˵еıκζûֻδ֪ԴͷյĹֻҪܹǽԴͷûһ˻зֺɡ
ãյ˵ͷƳһǾźţأ׼ջһʧľƬǽ뿴
Һ̬˾źţһ˫ûеУһ˿˿ѶһźŵҪȥ
Ҿ֪ͱĽһصЦЦ
źһ˲侹Ȼӵев
ţմЦһֻ۾֣ȫҫһֳľ޴֮ϡ
Ǿ治ϵر仯ڼյֻ۾֮£ˮһصĲ
ӾеԾΪģ˷졣
ۼʮ֣һ֮еĲӿɫޱ䣬·Щԭȸɥһ㣬һ׼ܡ
ңմһֻ۾ⱬ֮ӿĲƾȻɢ
򣬲Ʋڼյǰֳһ
һȣֱǹȥ
Щܵĸǿߣһе⾹ȻܹƸɢǾ治ѣû˿ԥ׷׳ۼ
ʱЩڸǿߣų˳һ©׷
ЩˣǸ۷ǿߣƿѾﵽ˳ľ磬Ҫǹ˼ЩԴͷеĲƣٶҪȼտࡣ
һʵʵôżգطԴͷеĲżճԴͷȥ
֮ƱһԣҲһ£·ʥһ㣬Դͷ롣
һˡ
ĵףͻȻӿֳôһо΢΢һ¡
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ԭôΪʲôָоУǸǻأͻȻԥ
죡צٴ
ջȻͷһצΪӴβͿҪЩӾ֮еĲƸˡ
һĳӰצСֻܹԭ壬ܹ仯Ϊ࣬ҲԽˣױƸеġ
צĽкʵ
ǻȥ˵
ͻȻᶨ˾ģԥֿٳԴͷȥڣԴͷ֮ǰԴͷȴôޣûκθо
ͽ̫þЩƣһ£롣
Ϥĳ
νԴͷȻԪ缫Ϊƣ
ƣտյޱ޼ʣӿֳһ޴ޱȵЩѼٶȸÿһƺһؼķС
·һﾻϴӣķһֻص˼ҵĸо·ԭӦ
һָоˣ
˹ΡҺ̬˾źţһУҲȻ·һصĽͻȻõĳһɫޱȡ
ң
һּҵĸо
ջجج䣬·̫¼֮ʱ̣ʶģȴƺڤڤеõʲôԪ֮еǸģ磬ž޴ı仯ڻľٱǿӰ죬ʱϴӣʼںϡ
Ԫ֮еľԴҲ䣬ںһٶͽȻ졣
߲ʻӡ֮ںһľֻ壬ҲʼѸٷ仯
꺣У̫¼תţҫɢӿ꺣üݣԼޣܻ
һ
˹ڻ㱼䣬ķ˸ڰ˹ͫУֳһޱȵĻ
˹Լ֮ͫг֣ڲϵؾ¼˹ͫУƺδĹ켣ˣԼͫвϵظϵؾֵС
һľƬڰ˹Ժ֮ҫһ£ƺҲӰ˰˹ڶʱɳ
㣬ʱУõ̩һǱ˹ΪȱһȻ㣬㽫Լڹȥеȥ㣬ӦѾԽң
˹ڷ˱仯еʱŷɿ죬òޱȣҪˡ
Ҳһ
Ժ֮УͬһľƬ˱仯ξƬϵתţԴͷЩϸŵһ£ڴ߶ε귢䣬̼޾ĿƼ֪ʶЩƼ֪ʶ֮Уʱǡ
һ仯ߣҺ̬˾źš
Ͱ˹Ժ֮һµһ龧Ƭʼڷͬתı꣬һ龧ƬκͰ˹ԺеԴһЩƺĳֲǲ֮ǰԴͷеļΪƣȴͨԴͷЩ˳ȥ
Щ·ԿԽһо룬ݳȥ֮Ѹʧ

ڻе۹УĿƼ֮ǣЩƼ֮ϣһ޴ĺ˵վЩ˵վͬһʱ޾ĺܴӳǧ˵վб˲˺ѷ죬ΪصĻҽ纣ӿ롣
ĺܣӿƼΪбѭضĹ켣ҽ纣ַӿԴͷЩܽԴͷ֮һΪֱעΡ˹Һ̬˾źŵڡ
Щĺûע֮ǰ˹Ρźŵ岻ϱ仯ȫһɫĽ
龧Ƭıˣ峹׸ı䣬ǿӦ˾춯صĺܡ
ɿԻʮӴܣΪݣôע˰˹Ρźڡ
ͬԴͷеĸ۷ǿߣĿһзȴֹ
ΪЩӿڵĺܣѾֹܹ˵ġ



629 Ĵ
ա˹κ;źˣһԴͷУľ磬·ĳһ㱻ˣʼѸٽԴͷڵļӡ
ǰ˹Ρźˣ֪ԭڵһ쾧ƬȻĺע룬巢˽ı仯Щܵע£ϵԽԽǿֲ˲Ҵ
צЩԭǱڸǿߣһȫסˡ
˹Ρźķܣ˵ϣ˶Լ˲ȽϽĸ֣׼ֹȻ˵ԣӦӴǼԥհ֡
ǲ룬ǲң
ΪϵӴ󲨶Իأûаգ˹˵Ļػ
õ̩һ͵õˣһֱڹȥͰ˹һһĺȻϵظ仰
˿צһ֪ʲô̩˭
צһȽУ໥һֱӹעһӽлˡ
͵ۣŰ˹̩Ļõ̩һħΪȻͳˡˣǳĲ򵥣Լȫţ֪Ҫʲô
̩˭Ҳ̲סˡ
˿ԥһ£̩Ψһħдǵ棬ûһּΪ壬˽ؼħ崫֮⣬óʱͿռ
˿һй̩¼˵֮󿲵˿е˶Ȼõ̩ʱ䷽ռʵԶԶǿЩһʱԼ崦ڹȥɵʱֻҪ仯ֿʱѸƽڣӵԶԶչֵ
˵һֱڹȥʱˣͻӹȥһȣУصô
У˿϶̩ӵʱͿռڸռ䴩ҲڹȥδϵߡΨһΪħĴʼߣţֻҪõ̩ܹһУ֪ȥδ
˿һúܶ𾪲ѡ
Ȼա˹Ρźˣһ̬·ĳξʱת
Ϻſ˿עŰ˹ҿҲֻǷְ˹ⲻϵ˸ƺ΢СѶԾţҪǷĺע룬ϺὫ˹
Ǹ˿ôһ˵Ϻ˹ϧ۲һһ
ΣΣϺΣϣܹøһָʾ
ɵĺһȥǱ߻ӦģȻһ貵ĺܹ
ǹĿǳһ㣬ٶȼ죬Ѹ
ϺŵĻɢԴͷмæ˺ô󾢲Žһܹȥ֮ϺҲһˣʵʵ䡣
˻ǴǸ״̬һ㣬ûļ
ʮĳǿߣΧ룬֪ˣ˹Ρźˣȡķܣ˵һɫ˽ʸС
ϵΧ߾ȲѣΧ˱һξ룬ˣ˻ͻȻǵɵĵ
ֻмΪƽϲһ˿ȣ˯ˣû̫ǿҵĲԺտյ·Ϊޣڶռ֮ǿߣʶӦյ꣬ʲôûз֡
ôһ˵עȫ䵽˼յϣʿħǿߣһһԼеİ̽⼧գҪͨ仯
ϧһȥȴûһ˿Կߣ֮̽һ뼧յԺ֮УȻ޴棬κε쳣
Ϊڼյû̫ǿҵ˲ûжԼ⣬ûеõЩעļոǹвֻüΪ̽Ķȴû
Щ˵Ƕ԰˹ΡźЩ뷨κʼձĺţǸ޴֡
ڶڸǿߣʲôоûоԴͷʲôǣܶ˷ɢ̽Դͷڵ磬ȴûһ㷢֣ջȫۼһС
ǵϣһʲôǲͬĵطһãצټˣߺȵҪȻǲǲͬһͷı仯
룬Ӧ̹֪˵ǲſѰԴͷҲе
צһָգ˵棬ϣǻϢü֮еĵֻ۾Ӧǻۣ֮һּΪӴֲ˵Уͻ෴Ҳ֮ĸ棬ȻѳϢΪؼ˻塭
Ծͻ𣬵̫֮ؾۣͨħΪɢڸ廯Ϊ壬Ȼٴλ棬һƻֻ֮ѣٴݻµͻ𣬱ظݻţһһΡ
û֪ںδҲû֪絽ʲôˣҲͨĻ壬֪֮ĵĴڣ֪Դͷǲ²ܾܵڴˣ˿ܱǻ»ϣŻĸϢ磬ܾͺͻйء
צ쳹ؼ䣬κһֶ
צйػ˵֮󣬱㿴˿˿
˿һ㶣˹ԭǵ棬Ҳк̩һƵ塣
һ£˿֮ǰҲ˵̩Ψһû֮ǰǶħһ֪̩֮Ǳħʱһħ֣棬Ϊ۷ħʦԸӦ̩ĴڣһĽħ̩йͨſͷų
ħеʱҲܹʱӦ̩Ĵڣ֪һֱ棬ȴûлӦ̩֪ͨħİ壬֪˻ҽ纣֪̩ʱͿռ֮շǳ͸ͼѧϰȴŵ֮ҽȴ֪̩Ӱ޴ڣǳԽǵĴڣҿġ
ڻҴ󵨲²⣬̩ͻһҲǸΪ壬ǰ˹̩Ϣᷢ仯һҲΪˣ˿϶
˿֮˿εʦ
ϵԥһ£һеĵʼ棬Ϊ̫飬ԭһͷǣֻҪԵõһֻߵ߽Լչ̫˵һ顣
硢̩̫飬屻˽֮˵Ŀ˺;źһҺ̬ˡ
ʵˣκ̬һĲϢϵĹҲѪ⣬Ȼʹ˵صκ˶һ
һҺ̬ˣ˵ע֮£ɰͰ͵ڻе۹ǵ汻ԴǿƼĵߣһнĸףԽ̻һУеĿƼԵָµġ
˵ôһָ˰˹Ρźţ龧Ƭɣ龧Ƭֱ˵Ժǵںһ𡣡
ֻ˵ô֮࣬ѯʣٿڣֻǿžźţûƶһ¡
硢̩̫顢ԣЩڸ棬ȻȻֶܽʿħͿƼԿ϶ô֮У硢̩̫顢ԲɢߣҲΪеһſԴﵽľ磬֪ķצߺһȻĸ˵ϣŻ硢̩̫顢Եһ߶ںϣǲŻᷢ仯
Ҳ˵ֻеõ硢̩̫顢Եǲſ֪ԴͷܣҲֻǲŸһ˿Ȼ
Ӧצش
仰һĬˡ
վԴͷУȴԽԴͷܶ죬Щǧ˵̫Խˡ
Ⱥ꣬Ϊ˽ԴͷΪ˸һŸռǰȴһûб仯ǾüΪ
Ҫһ̽ľ磬õ硢̩̫顢ĸڵһֻſԴͷоѣԴͷи򵽸
Ĵڵȴɢڼա˹Ρź˵ϡ
Ҳ˵ҪԴͷеõ࣬õԴͷϿɣǱӼ϶ȡĴڵ
ֻǲſԴﵽԼĿģ
˳Ĭã۾енζˣЩڸǿߣ򼧳˵Щ䣬Щ׽Įζ
Ƕаˣ
֮ǰܹ֮ȻΪҲûͻΪ˽Դͷ໥䲻ҪɱһԽԴͷҲΪˣǲſ԰ȻſԺƽദ
ڶԴЩߵʱɿԱӦеƽͣûбֳԶһ
ȻʵǰҪԼĿģļ䣬ͱڼա˹ΡźĴڵӣֱӵͻˡ
˳Ĭһ׷׽ĿͶ˼ˣ˵ɨţѰ˼Ӧ֡
˿˼ա
Ϊֻмûнĺܣֻмϵһ˿ԣҲֻмΪ޺ԣ˽յĿ꣬żտ£ˡ
ʲôͻȻðؿЩˣǺ۸ô
˶צҲĿڼյѲš
ʦ𣡡Ϻɫһ䣬͵غȽеҪζôҺȻһɣȴɵڣѵҪô
ϵɫ粻ƺҲû¶ġ
һˣ˹;źΧסˣһſԼ׼Ѱֵ
Ҳʱĺܣƺڴˡ
һĺܹ⣬Դͷ֮вҲûиĺע룬˹Ρźϵĺܲ𽥱䵭ϵһ˿˿⣬ҲûǵС
ˣرӴ䲻ȶ
ƺûͻȻӵеһõĻᡣ
˿ȶ֣
԰˹Ļ֪˹֮ᷢʲôһ£һҪõ˹Ժ̩һЩܴӰ˹ʧٲɣڳ֡
εʦûйһ꣬˿֮ҲûпסԼĶԸǿ룬ȵÿ
һ𣬾ȻΪۿɼ˿ߣ˲佫ϺסϺһˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥ桰ҲԼճˡ


630 ռ֮
ʥ桰乭׼գûмʸһָ˸ע乭֮ڣһ֧ԾԪ㼯ɵɫСϻ¹Խڣǹޱȡ
乭ָ򼧳գȴû֣ϱĪ⡣
վڼյǰ״̬סƵؿ浱Ǻ۸
ħ֪Ĵ壬ȻѾ˻ҽ纣Ҳƻǵ档ȻһЦÿһ֧Ҫֻǽڰ
צŤӴҲһ飬ֺ쳹գԩ޳ǲοϣϢҶȻϾɱİɣֻҪϻֻҪһݾ͹ˣ֪Դͷܵý飬ҵȺô꣬õ
ΪһճĻɫΧڼյԣǵõ˻ҲܹԴͷİ壬Ϊǵ棬ȥ˺ˣҿǰˡ
΢΢һ㶣ЦСһȻôԻȤ
һ仰£ûκԤ׵ĳ֣һ֧ɫСȻ乭зɳ˲Խվ롣
ʸһһ̣ɫС䵽յڡ
ɫСԼһ壬ͷֻǧϸһʴնƿȨɢݳǧɫСʶĳԺȥڵԪ׷
Ȼ֪ԪλãҲ֪仯İ
ɫСֻ֮ǧ˿֮ÿһ֮жʶһ̣·ʶ˼յڣһͼڲһһȥ
ɫͻȻ
仯ɵ̼ãǧЩ֮ӣһ𣬻ΪһĺĻңңס
ôˡצŭȣſһڹţǹžȻһ̫ҫ߲ϵرըΪС̫ͷԴԴĿֲը
ֻһԴСŵȴ·ǳҴзǳǿҵƺԷһС
δ㱻С̫ӰˣϢ̫гǧҫӰ£ʼѸټ١
ռ֮ǿߣȾβЩ̫ˣצʥһڣˣ˽ҲԶβľһˣĹţͺе̫һ¡
צǳڵѾָƣſԼС̫
סˡ
С̫ҫ֮£ܶ˿вϵҪеΪһ㣬ȴôҲʵֲˡ
ǺЦֻǿ˼һۣͲ⣬רעԼգСǸ졣
צһͬһļռǿߣ׷Χԣһľǿ߽еɲ̰ܶ
ϣǲŻצȲ
Ҳ֮Ҳ˽һһ벻һõ˼ֻ壿Цһֻ֣꺣оۼںУһںϳɹҲƲסˡ
ҪǺԴͷͨĹؼצѡ
İɣУŻϵ١Ȼ˻֮⣬һо˱Ϣһʱ䣬һȫѰ
ţħİɣҿţڲʲô˳צ
ΧŵģǾ޻֮ͬһǿߣЩ˶ǿ޵ʿ֪ĴڣΪԴڻ磬ȻصΪܵõܹúԴͷйͨ
һ䣬˹ΧŵЩħڵǿߣ֮ҲΪǱĶħħ
һҲˡ
˿һֻ֮׵硢쫷硢ס˪ֻصĽ侹Ȼһ˲޽ɹϽ䣡
ֽһۣ˲佫ǰ˹סγ˹С磬ǸС׵硢쫷硢ס˪Űţſ˿⽫˹ţԻһϵײһϵ
Ϳ˿һͬħļΰħʦҲ󣬽ءʯȵȽһͷųʩڿ˿СϣĳУǰ˹ס
ѾǸ֮еĳֻܿײÿײһΣǿ˿ʹһ֮Ĳ
ͬһʱ䣬εʦ𣬻мͬһڵǿʿҲѾֶԸˡ
ǰϵϾεʦڶ֮ǰѾֻȡε
ΪЩϵһзִ磬û翲˿Ǳ߲Ĵɱ䣬ƽ͵ͷųһӿε壬׼ȡƽķʽĿġ
Ȼͷųӿε֮󣬼ȫɫˡ
ǵľΪյԽΪκε̬Ǹ˼ǳҲԼͷųȥʧȥϵһǽעεȴʯ󺣣ҲоԼ
ôһϵžеԾˣٴζñֶΡ
廨ŵһһ䵽ε壬ε壬ȴһһһ㣬ʩչʲôڵ֮ϵһΣȻ޴档
κеϵɵˡ
ͬһʱ䡣
˿޽˹С磬Ҳ߽ˣеĻһָЩħʦһ񼤶׼˹֮ˡ
ɢȥ˹Ȼ¶
û˿ı仯˹˫ɫĹâԣһ˼ĳɱԭȵ̬
ЩħʦĿɿڴ
˶Ľ䣬пֲϽ䣬һʩڰ˹ϣһܷж֣ôľûܹɱ˹Ȼ˶û˵
ǲ˼ġ
ħʦһҪץˣйâڣʼ˼űֶԸ˹
Ͱ˹һģҺ̬˾źţЩڱĸ֣ҲڳֶԸ;źһҺ̬ˣȻڵȴȻЩ˵Ķ֣Һ̬˾ȻĻΪҺ̬Ҳ˾źŵ塣
źŵõ˵֮ʹһȦǽĹǲ䣬վǶһ˳ֹ
ϧΧǿߵըҲûôҲȻԭȵ̬
ڸǿߣ֣ͼա˹ΡźŵϵõĴڵԴԴͷϵ߲̽ε
յĽȫһŬˣƺԵõԼҪĶ
ΨһеЧģҪһˣʶΪǧڼյߣҵԪλãԪһȴһɺĻסʶͻƽ롣
һʶ˻Ͻ˵ˣѯ˵֮ڣҵȷеλã֮۱Դ𸲸ˣʶԽ룬ǲʶ彫֮۴аȥֻⲿſԽ֮ȡ
һ£ĻСӾͲܰȻˡ
ıҪ٣ǲڻ֮УľǸǿߣ̲סʵ֪ǻ֮Գһ磬ŹأԽﶼ
Ҳҿ϶ҡҡͷܹϸӦڻı룬ҸӦûĻҪ٣Ӧþˡ
֣ľ
˱һۣЩһһͷȻͬľǿߵˡ

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ͨĸһζʯ֮йһ磬ʱĿӦؼ
ͻȻһȻֳ
ͨĸȻһȻվȵʲôˣ
ʣˣȫΪά˵İȫȻ׾βľһ˶֮ǣЩ
һĴ󺺻Ȼ߳ڵħҲǺƣ·ھħһ㡣
еĻͼңҪ֪Դͷȷλá󺺳
˭ͨĸԿ󺺣ȴзһ˲ռĹ
ҽм죬ǼյĸףҲǰ֮ˣҪͼãұϵԴͷ˵
֮ˣͨĸȻһڼѪϢ죬ŵϣϢ
ͼңáʱ䲻࣬ҪȥľǶĻͼԴͷ֮ѾˣЩң
ͨĸĪ⣬ò⡣
ҵõ̩Ŀռ֮ڸ룬ԴͷһȴܹŲƣõͼõԴͷȷ꣬ҲſԹȥ̩ͻһԴͷеұȥգңЩ״ΣԵúǽ
ͨĸȻһƺʶʲôڽеһҳͼ˦˼졣
ллһץתߣӰü䣬һռ·һţһһôһӣƺѾʮռ߹ˣ֮С

ľˣոմӻҽ纣߳
һŴմðͷһһͬĿռзɳȥľ
ľˣоԼڲͬռ䣬ڵӣȫ϶ֽŵˣ˵ʶڲͬĿռ˼񾭴ҵĸо
һ㲻ľ֮ӦϵĿռõռ̩֮׾ٽ˴ڿռǵĻͼõȻͲٹˣӰεһ£ʧˡ

ʥأǳС
տԽٴγֱ֣Ӵ˿ݹĽأͬķĽݹ䱦Ļͼһҳõ

ڣһҳҳͼؾۣڼУͼƴһͼ
ͼӲӽͼֳ֮ͼƺһӻˣнܻĹһһչʾ
ֻİ壬ͨḶ́չڼǰ׵ʶȫ̡
ĸڼиֳֻǿŻͼ·õֲ˼ͨ
һŴۣӻһ㿴ȥѰ˻ֵһ㡣
ָָһ㣬һ磬ڻͼһųԴͷ
ҵˡ죬ӻΪһ΢СĹ㣬ֱǻͼֳĹȥһͬĿռ䲨һֳȴ׾ٵĴԽȥ
Ĺ㣬ͻͼеĹӴʱͼ˲Ϊһ㣬Ĺûˡ

ԴͷУĿͻȻ֡
ʱ׼Լºֵʱ̡
ס֣챩ȣӰԽռ谭ͼ֮ԳһȽУһռðͼֻľָ
˹ͻȻ͵ضƺӦʲô˹
ſۣһľȻǼ죬ܺãڸˣұΪһ壬ĵܹ



631 ʼգ֣
˹˼죬˷ܣ꣬ȴûҵ淢˿ټԭ档ռ֮ڸռ䴩һֱڱ棬ѹһֱӦĴڡ
˹ǺЦе㲻ϵ˸˲࣬԰ףһزɣ
Ȼõ̩һ˿塣
ռҵȻҾѵʱ͵ϮӦ˹򿲵˿һħʦɫƽ
ͫУⱬ䣬˿һħʦȫס
ʱ֮ڿ˿Ͽʼ仯ֻޱȵĿ˿һˣѸٱ
˿ϹһƣʱĵƽˣഺĹͿ˿һЩ˹ǵħʦһ֣̿Ѹٱ
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ⱾӦһõ飬Ȼ˿ȴ˲෴ǿ־쳣һ¶˼ı顣
Ϊǲòı仯ǧȻҲڼٵʧš
ǵÿǰһϵͻŵˡ
ǻص˹ȥڹȥǻûôǿûжħУʱĵǵڱͬʱҲڴȵˡ
˹΢Цţʱ֮߶ֻǿ˿Ȼں̵ܶʱڣһò绨Ů˿ԭ춯صʧˡ
ۿ˿ܲ˹ʱ֮Ӱ죬ţţȴ޷ֹµķ
һߡ
צһˣۿƾճֵļ죬鲻ơ
ͼյ룬һռ䱻·صһ𣬽ͼոˡ
ԿգȴԸоյĴڣעڼϵҲȻ޴ˡ
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סɭЩˣֻҪ˭Ҳ˺գ
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ҪɱտգȡտϵĻָۣ֮ԭϽ
˵ͷһУסһռ䣬˲䴩Խ˲Ŀռϣ䵽˼յԡ
ðȻֻ·һȻһЦҪҶ֣ǺܿͻǽʲôҲռ֮ǿߣǧԴͷǿԴͷڼЩǰߣӦϵķֺϢ
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֮ǰռ֮ǿߣֵĿԴͷһЩˣģȻǽԴͷȴһûвЩ˵ϢǵĴڡ
ǼΪľ壬Լʶ˲ףҲΪˣǲŷҪõյϵ֮ˣǲǰǰ㣬ԴͷӰ١
ӦҲ²⵽ǵ³ˡĴЦԴͷʼ㣬Ҳյ㣬ò硢̩̫顢ԵıԴԴͷߣϵֻعԴͷǰڽռ֮ߣնȫͷųȥ֮ԭһеӡͳͳĨȥ
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һ󣬲ֹһ飬˿ǱߣΧεЩʿҲ
һЩҲľ֣ӲҪضκ;źŶ֡
εʦ𣬵ʱҲٹ˼ʲôȵº֣õϵǵ³ǰһ
ˣЦֻܽܳһ룬ֻܹһѭ֮ʼػյ㣡
һ羪κһ㣬˵˾޴ķˡ
צлܹŵڸǿߣҲƲסԼˣ׷׳֣ԼеóԼĿը
źѡ
Ĺںܵƶ֮£һΧźۣľ͵ؼһˡ
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źŵ壬Ȼһռ֮ǿڴ͸ˣźŴȥ֮һȻ޴棬еӡΪޡ
źûһ˿ı飬ĴһĿģʼɱ䣬Щ֮ǰΧ˶֡
źĽ·Զ𣬵õ˿Ƽǧ˵վܵע룬ھźŵУ̲Ի𼸸Ŀֲ
ЩлԵǻ۽ᾧ߶ǿԻأԴͷıԴ֮Щ˿Եģ
źһ߻Ȼ֪ƣɱ¾Щʧĸ֣һһǣǵӡ飬ԶûٴĿԡ
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ƺҲӳ˯˫ɫĸֵĮİϵ̾ʦû뵽㾹ȻĻ֡
κģεҡҡͷǱҵġ
䣬ſ³һ⣬ЩⲻϵķѣΪǧÿһ֮ж̲һֵ壬֧žڵ֮⣬Ǻ;źһĺܡ
ǧ⣬ΪļȥЩΧԵĵȫסˡ
αۣǾ·һ㻯Ϊһ΢Σھ֮ʩչÿһεĶͬȴĺгÿһ֮УζڱԴ֮⡣
ͬڣϵһ֣Ҷû
ǰϵһ仰һ̣ͱľ͸壬Щ֮вϵ˸һ𱻲ϵطѣΪһ΢СϸЩϸֱᴩһСʶ塣
Ϲһ˿ۿЩ֣ʩչһһѣջΪޡ
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Ҳȥɡ˹ЦЦ
˿һˣ߰˾Сһ֮ûˣʱ⵹ǧ꣬˹Ȼ˿һ˴ԭΣ˻δ֮ǰ״̬
˹һЩֻ߰˾Сȫһ߲ʵĹŹסһһѪˮѪˮֱȵʧԴͷС
˹ΡźȫԴͷˣ֮ȫӵ˻ص׾ٵĽЩ֮ǰΧǵɱ
ҵľƬңźŽЩɱ֮Σֱγȥ
κһЦԵӦң
κ֣һȻһ˲仯Ϊһ㣬ըװ㱬ӹһݳžźȥ
źûһ˿飬ֱһֱ̨˲仯һ˸Ĵڣں˵վĿֲܣͻȻֱۻɵĴڼݺݵغͷų⡣
䣡
춯صıը໥㱬ըըನһΪģԴͷ޾
ͼŵЩռ֮ǿߣܶ˺ɲɵıЩನУǿһҽ
ңҲҪջҵˡ˹˿תͷ˼죬ЦŻżȥ
䣡䣡
źźμڷĽս˵Ĵ䣬צ޷ԸգֻܹǱܡ
צΪӴܵش࣬ǧٿףȥ
κ;źŵĽս춯أ֪ʲôԴͷ֮еһͻȻ˿ֲ˱
ãȻɫ
лδȥȴûл硢̩ԡ̫ĴڱԴ֮ĸ֣оԼ֮еȻЩӲ塣
צϺѸţϵȡ
ֱһ̣˲׼һ˼
ʼ㣬Ҳյ㣬óǣҪյĹ޾Ȼ
ıһУ
Ϻνе
ΣҲˣҰﲻ㣬㣬ԼأϺУ¶ؾ建ȴչֳ̬ɣܹһѾˣΣúûȥҲô꣬Ҳǽˡ
Ϻл
ԭԶСֹһ䡣
ܿأûеõĴǿߣջˣҲ𣬱Щ롣
ͬʱ
ԴͷʼһĲ
ǲе棬ӻҽ纣ڶͻȻһŤЩڶŤвϵرŴ
һǳһ޴ʯǡǡ֮ǡǣƺԴͷӰ죬ȻӲͬзݳԴͷѸٳԴͷȥ
ҽ纣УһӶڲͬǳЩǳûʲô򣬳Դͷ۵ʱ໥ײһÿʱÿ̶ž޴ޱȵıըЩǳ֮ϵ˲仯Ϊҽ
ǳԴͷԴͷӿȥٶȼ졣
Щڶ֮Уϵµǳð紵ݣԴԴǡǡǡ֮໥ײŵһЩľȴֹһС


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֮ڻҽ纣ԴͷԴͷĲǲٿЩɢȥ֮޴ڵ֮ʼ仯仯νǾ춯ء
һǳʼ˶ԴͷĲ֮£׷׳ͨҽ纣Ԩȥ
ÿһŵǳ˿ֲޱȵǳ֮ϵʿǳı仯Ҫǳ룬ȴǳӰ죬ôҲ޷ǳϷݳȥ
ֻܹĿǳתΪ
䣡
ԨУԨڵǳͨҽ纣Ԩ˶ʱ򣬲ײŵʿ֮֮ͨͳͳ˲
Ǽǳľ޴ըԨϺܶ˾쳣ȴΪ
ҹǡ
ĵͻȻ̱һ֮أԵĻа£ص֮󣬵ǶǳϲҪһŸıǳĹ켣ϣҪͱǳײ
׷ʲô飿һȡ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷͻҽ纣йأҸոԵֻۿ˸ǳĹ켣˺ܶ౬ըؼ׻ˣҲǿƿصˣңҲ޷ֹǳ˶ֻǿıһ켣Ҳɵˣ
̱漵˺Ȼڻҽ纣᲻£
سĬһ£ҡͷҲֻ֪ܾάǳ飬ҲƲס

٣ʥأصע⣬ȫתԼϵظıصĹ켣ܷһѣͿˣ

Ҵ㾫ΪԶħΪСˣ˹໹ֽУԣۼеԶħ

ͬ飬ڸĲͬϷţһЩûнԴͷĴһǿߣҲؼ䲻ͬѰı仯׷׿ʼ׼
еУͬڷԴͷӰ죬ǵǳȫʼ䣬ͨҽ纣Ԩȥ
ǵǳ֮ϣҲӿľ޴ԴԼǳ֮
һǺ֮εŵߣһκεǳʯסȻ·ǳӲסˣҲˡ

ԴͷС
κҺ̬˾źŻڼ棬˹ǲϵؿ죬ȴʩӵĿռϸһһ谭ţ˹ʼղܹӽͼա
޾ԴͷУֻʣ¼ա˹Ρźš졢˵ϣȻȫĴӡûܵԴͷӰ졣
˹żһͬͬĿռ䣬صֳ˹һռ䣬ȴʼԽӽ
˹٣ǺЦһ㶼ż
ΪʲôԿһ̲סʵ
ǳ鴤һ£Цֻõ̩һõ̩һõԵһƬƬȡԴĺ潻棬һʱ䱻ա
㲻Ķ֣ګګ
εͷҵȷĶֻ֣ܹȡַʽʱ䣬ϣܹȡ㹻ʱ
ǱΪһ壬֪ȻûգĿռ֮Уȴܿʶռ֮С˹һͬĿռ䴩Ȼܹ׼ȷĴҪ˶ãˣΪһὫ㶮õĿռ֮ѧϰᣬϾҲҵ
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˵ģʡ
ܹӦ˵Ĳ̾Ϣһͷһۼա
տôѣûܹõ᲻ЩһĶ֣е
Ҳ֪Ҳûףڻûоѣ̲ŵӦòȱ˲ҪģΪȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ûʱˡ˹ٴ׼ȷĴһԽ˲ռ䣬Ȼڼǰվˡ
ôôɫ䡣
˵ˣұһ壬ҵңֵõԵһ龧Ƭջĺܣҵѧϰġ˹ЦЦֳżңңץȥ
һ߲ѤõĻףͻȻӼյڷݳ͵ؽ˹һֹֻסˡ
ʱ֮һŻ׵Ӱ֮£ȻӲֹͣˣЩֲĺܣȻҲ˲䱻ˡ
Դ֮𣡡˹һѾĽ׶ˣܸĻˡ
ԴŻһˣе
ţҳںˣڣһȫĹؼȥԴе
Сӣ壬Ӵ֮ͲˣΪһ֣ԶǸӹҲûԼʶСӣ㿼˹ӦżԴϮһ˿˿ܾɵ⣬ڼԴڣѼ
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ûһ㣬ԼյĹޣ˹ôһ˵ʶ˹ؼֻҪ뼧ڣտܻѣܻһпܳʧ
һǼգһԼԥˡ
㲻ںϣѲˣ˷ɡԴ۴УУᱻ˹գԸˣ
һڼԺ֮
ͼʶʱһ𲢼սһɳһ͹ħν棬ħİǳΪ顭
ϣΪϧ֮ǿߣðӻıԵȳΪղŲòҽ纣
£ڼԺ֮һһ顭
¶ģЦЦһͷӿ뼧յ壬޷˵ĽԪһںϵ硭
ԴΪ˱Դ֮𣬾Ű˹Ͱ˹໥ײֹ˹ʱͺܵͷš
˹ݲȣһռţԴ֮벻ͬĿռ䣬Դ֮ȫͷš
˹ż죬Ц㽫Ϊҵһ֣ˣ
˲յġͻȻЦˣԴͷΪν̫̫֮ĴֱΪ硢̩ԡ̫飬ͻԴ̩֮ʱͿռ䱾Դ֮մ챾Դ̫֮飬ںϱԴ֮硢̩Դ̫֮𽥱ǿԿʼݻ̫ˣ̫̫飬ں֮Դ̫֮ĴڣһйλұΪһ壬ڻң̫ں֮һԽںϣ
ң˹䡣
ЦЦҲ㣬ûеõԵľƬҿѡҵ˭Ҷӵõ˻̫֮Ϊʼ̫Ϊգټһ̩֮һѣҿʲô
䣬컯Ϊһ㣬ӿ뼧壬ҲʧԪ֮ڡ
˹ˣΡźţʲôһ̫ںϣټһ̩֮ҵȽȫλæ
˹һȽУκ;źȻѣھ֮ƺҲ֪ȥһɫ䣬֣ͣ߳˹
Դ֮Ը˹һˣЩˣκ;źһԴ֪֮ҲֹˣӰ˹֮зߣҲ͵˼գûԪ֮С

Դͷе֮Уݽһǡǡ֮ǡʯЩǳð֮Դͷ֮вϵػεţѭĹ켣
еǳûнԴͷ֮ǰ໥ײըȻһԴͷƺضĹ켣ˣеǳҲڿٵתţȴûһըȻ
ԴͷУֻʣ¼աΡ˹źˡ
˹ΡźˣΧţɫƣڱĿУûѡ
Ȼ˼ս˹顣
Ρźһͷ
˹΢΢һЦʱ֮ʩչֲܱǧͷţֵ̲УЩ֮ҲһһţźûԥֱۻɵĹڣҲ˲ͷųܡ
˵һʩչԴͷ֮оͱ˾κˣӰԴͷ֮еúܶвðǳ鿪Щǳ֮е˲ˡ
˵㼯Ϊһ㣬㼯ڼյϡ
䣡
Ĳһ㱬ըըನɢЩԴͷеǳ֮ϣһǳ飬ɢ
ը󣬰˹ȴɫȻһ䡣
Ϊڱը򣬲ûмյĺۼ˲ʱԭسһССĹ㣬ǹ㲻ϵıֻһ򣬾ͻ˼ա
Ȼõ̩Ŀռ֮˹
ɫƽۼܲüһֻ۾Ŀ⣬֮Ļ֮˲䱻£ԴȪ
ű仯˵ע֮£Ѩâ磬һ΢Ѩֳ֮ѨԴͷӵеԽԽǿ
һָˣָһðÿһ֮ɽһһ֣ЩŲҲϵر󣬷ֱŰ˹˷ݹȥҪ˳ƾմС
ſڣһ޴ޱȵ̫ŷһеĸ£³ÿһ̫϶űԴ֮Դں֮ĸ£ڼ̫ͷţְ˹Ρźš
ּ䣬ؼİ壬һһֳ֮ЩذеǵеħᾧĻʿͨǧͨһ磬һ̫֮ķ϶֮д󣬳Ű˹Ρź˷ȥ
ڣһȡ
ʿħͨһһںһһͷŻ̫֮ܵҲһһںϣЩͬ磬ȻҲһ
ڣɣһ޴̫͵ӲƼǸ֮Уͨÿһͨںϣ֮ͨͨӵԽǧһ
̫ռȡ
Ǹ֮Уںϵͨʩڰ˹Ρź˵ϣ˲佫ѣȻǵȴ𣬸ŵľƬ

ں֮ľ޴̫ؼں֮Ψһͨ룬ٴηѣȻΪС棬˵ţʼͷһе
ֻںϣԻһν֮ͨɼͷų
СУֱӿֳ׵硢ס˪ڼյ֮±ٴںϣȫʩ˵Ļ֮ϡ
֪˶á
Ǿ޴粻ԽԽСջΪһ㣬ձѿֳ龧ƬһʱеƬ
ſڣ͵ؽ龧Ƭ̩ӡʱƬԭϥ

Ȼš
֮󣬼ջ૵һ̫֮ӽ֮Ҫƿշ򣬽ҵ沦ҷظ
ſ³һѪѪһΪɼؼ֮˳
ǼͼԴӵżյѪȴ׳ࡣ
տգˣСһһߺ
ֻҪڣǾԶ𣬶ң飬ҲڣЦ
⻰º󣬼һָԴͷ֮еһǳ͵طɵǰ
ǳ֮ϣ̱漡壡ˡ
Ӱһμ䣬ǰվ΢Ц⹫ǰǾͲҪҺķˡ
գô
⹫ŮҵĸôպЦʡ
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